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Hong JY, Lee YH, Kim HJ, Park KY. Therapeutic Performance of Needle Injection Versus Needle-Free Jet Injector System for Polynucleotide Filler in Skin Rejuvenation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39370844 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polynucleotide (PN) filler often causes pain and can lead to delivery inaccuracies when applied via intradermal injection using a traditional needle. AIMS To evaluate the efficacy of treatment and the pain during the procedure using conventional needle injection versus a needle-free jet system for intradermal PN filler application. METHODS In this split-face clinical trial, 10 Korean subjects were enrolled. Each subject received an intradermal injection of PN filler on one side of the face and a needle-free jet injection using CureJet on the other side. Assessments included global and 3D skin imaging at each visit. Pain intensity was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores during the injection. Additionally, patient satisfaction and adverse events were documented. RESULTS Findings revealed that Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores and patient satisfaction were significantly higher with the CureJet compared to the needle injection method. VAS scores were notably lower on the CureJet side. Improvements in both pore and wrinkle indices were observed from baseline, with a more pronounced improvement rate on the CureJet side compared to the needle injection side. CONCLUSIONS Needle-free injection of PN for aging skin was found to be effective in enhancing pore and wrinkle improvement, while reducing associated discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hwan Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dos Santos B, Piermartiri T, Tasca CI. The impact of purine nucleosides on neuroplasticity in the adult brain. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9. [PMID: 38367178 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09988-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the nervous system's ability to adapt and reorganize its cell structures and neuronal networks in response to internal and external stimuli. In adults, this process involves neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic and neurochemical plasticity. Several studies have reported the significant impact of the purinergic system on neuroplasticity modulation. And, there is considerable evidence supporting the role of purine nucleosides, such as adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, in this process. This review presents extensive research on how these nucleosides enhance the neuroplasticity of the adult central nervous system, particularly in response to damage. The mechanisms through which these nucleosides exert their effects involve complex interactions with various receptors and signaling pathways. Adenosine's influence on neurogenesis involves interactions with adenosine receptors, specifically A1R and A2AR. A1R activation appears to inhibit neuronal differentiation and promote astrogliogenesis, while A2AR activation supports neurogenesis, neuritogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Inosine and guanosine positively impact cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and neuritogenesis. Inosine seems to modulate extracellular adenosine levels, and guanosine might act through interactions between purinergic and glutamatergic systems. Additionally, the review discusses the potential therapeutic implications of purinergic signaling in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing the importance of these nucleosides in the neuroplasticity of brain function and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tetsade Piermartiri
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Lee D, Kim MJ, Park HJ, Rah GC, Choi H, Anh S, Ji GH, Kim MS, Kim G, Shin DW, Oh SM. Current practices and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides for treatment of facial erythema by cosmetic physicians. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13466. [PMID: 37753681 PMCID: PMC10485387 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polynucleotides (PN) are increasingly used for the treatment of facial erythema in the Republic of Korea. However, there are limited pre-clinical and clinical data on the efficacy of polynucleotides for facial erythema. In this study, we investigated the current practice and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotide treatment for facial erythema among cosmetic physicians. METHODS By conducting a survey among clinicians who use PN in clinical practice, we explored the current practices and assessed the perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides in treating facial erythema. RESULTS A total of 557 physicians who used polynucleotides for facial erythema participated in the survey. Polynucleotides were used by 84.4%, 66.4%, and 47.4% of physicians for facial erythema caused by inflammatory facial dermatosis, repeated laser/microneedle radiofrequency, and steroid overuse, respectively. Among those users, 88.1%, 90%, and 83.7% respectively in those same categories answered that polynucleotides were "highly effective" or "effective." Furthermore, they agreed that polynucleotides have the following properties: wound healing/regeneration (95.8%), protection of skin barrier (92.2%), hydration (90.5%), vascular stabilization (81.0%), and anti-inflammation (79.5%). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that cosmetic physicians in the Republic of Korea have used PN as a part of combination treatment for facial erythema resulting from inflammatory facial dermatosis and repeated laser/ microneedle radiofrequency, rather than from steroid overuse. Also, most clinicians agreed that PN was effective for treatment of facial erythema. Given the lack of pre-clinical and clinical trial evidence, the empirical responses of practicing physicians provide useful information to guide clinical practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagyeong Lee
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care CenterSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Geebum Kim
- Misogain Dermatology ClinicGimpoRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care CenterSamsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & EvaluationSamsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Lee YJ, Moon YS, Kwon DR, Cho SC, Kim EH. Polydeoxyribonucleotide and Shock Wave Therapy Sequence Efficacy in Regenerating Immobilized Rabbit Calf Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12820. [PMID: 37629001 PMCID: PMC10454565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study primarily aimed to investigate the combined effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) sequences on the regenerative processes in atrophied animal muscles. Thirty male New Zealand rabbits, aged 12 weeks, were divided into five groups: normal saline (Group 1), PDRN (Group 2), ESWT (Group 3), PDRN injection before ESWT (Group 4), and PDRN injection after ESWT (Group 5). After 2 weeks of cast immobilization, the respective treatments were administered to the atrophied calf muscles. Radial ESWT was performed twice weekly. Calf circumference, tibial nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle thickness after 2 weeks of treatment were evaluated. Histological and immunohistochemical staining, as well as Western blot analysis, were conducted 2 weeks post-treatment. Staining intensity and extent were assessed using semi-quantitative scores. Groups 4 and 5 demonstrated significantly greater calf muscle circumference, GCM muscle thickness, tibial nerve CMAP, and GCM muscle fiber cross-sectional area (type I, type II, and total) than the remaining three groups (p < 0.05), while they did not differ significantly in these parameters. Groups 2 and 3 showed higher values for all the mentioned parameters than Group 1 (p < 0.05). Group 4 had the greatest ratio of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in the GCM muscle fibers compared to the other four groups (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis revealed significantly higher expression of angiogenesis cytokines in Groups 4 and 5 than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The combination of ESWT and PDRN injection demonstrated superior regenerative efficacy for atrophied calf muscle tissue in rabbit models compared to these techniques alone or saline. In particular, administering ESWT after PDRN injection yielded the most favorable outcomes in specific parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31538, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Suk Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Cheol Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
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Aftab F, Rodriguez-Fuguet A, Silva L, Kobayashi IS, Sun J, Politi K, Levantini E, Zhang W, Kobayashi SS, Zhang WC. An intrinsic purine metabolite AICAR blocks lung tumour growth by targeting oncoprotein mucin 1. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1647-1664. [PMID: 36810913 PMCID: PMC10133251 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer cells overexpress mucin 1 (MUC1) and active subunit MUC1-CT. Although a peptide blocks MUC1 signalling, metabolites targeting MUC1 are not well studied. AICAR is a purine biosynthesis intermediate. METHODS Cell viability and apoptosis were measured in AICAR-treated EGFR-mutant and wild-type lung cells. AICAR-binding proteins were evaluated by in silico and thermal stability assays. Protein-protein interactions were visualised by dual-immunofluorescence staining and proximity ligation assay. AICAR-induced whole transcriptomic profile was determined by RNA sequencing. EGFR-TL transgenic mice-derived lung tissues were analysed for MUC1 expression. Organoids and tumours from patients and transgenic mice were treated with AICAR alone or in combination with JAK and EGFR inhibitors to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant tumour cell growth by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis. MUC1 was one of the leading AICAR-binding and degrading proteins. AICAR negatively regulated JAK signalling and JAK1-MUC1-CT interaction. Activated EGFR upregulated MUC1-CT expression in EGFR-TL-induced lung tumour tissues. AICAR reduced EGFR-mutant cell line-derived tumour formation in vivo. Co-treating patient and transgenic mouse lung-tissue-derived tumour organoids with AICAR and JAK1 and EGFR inhibitors reduced their growth. CONCLUSIONS AICAR represses the MUC1 activity in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, disrupting protein-protein interactions between MUC1-CT and JAK1 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareesa Aftab
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Alice Rodriguez-Fuguet
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Luis Silva
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Ikei S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Departments of Pathology and Internal Medicine (Section of Medical Oncology) and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elena Levantini
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 330 Brookline Avenue, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-409, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, 277-8575, Japan
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA.
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Paine A, Brookes PS, Bhattacharya S, Li D, De La Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Tausk F, Ritchlin C. Dysregulation of Bile Acids, Lipids, and Nucleotides in Psoriatic Arthritis Revealed by Unbiased Profiling of Serum Metabolites. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:53-63. [PMID: 35818333 PMCID: PMC9797425 DOI: 10.1002/art.42288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transition from psoriasis to psoriatic arthritis (PsA) occurs in 20-30% of patients; however, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of musculoskeletal disease are not well understood. Metabolic disease is prevalent in psoriasis patients, but whether metabolic factors, other than obesity, increase arthritis risk in psoriasis patients is not known. This study was undertaken to investigate the link between metabolic changes and disease progression in psoriasis patients. METHODS To characterize the metabolic alterations during the progression of arthritis in psoriasis patients, we analyzed cross-sectional healthy controls and PsA samples and longitudinal psoriasis serum samples, before and after PsA onset. Nontargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified several serum metabolites that differed between PsA patients, psoriasis patients, and healthy controls. Differentially abundant bile acids, purines, pyrimidines, glutathione, lipids, and amino acid metabolites were noted in these 3 groups. We also noted differences between psoriasis patients who progressed and those who did not progress to PsA. Bile acid and butyrate levels were depressed in those who progressed to PsA compared to those who did not, and the level of inflammatory lipid mediators increased following PsA diagnosis. In particular, the combination of leukotriene B4 and glycoursodeoxycholic acid sulfate were sensitive and specific predictors of PsA progression. CONCLUSION We observed notable differences in bile acid, purine, lipid, and amino acid-derived metabolites, among the healthy controls, psoriasis patients, and PsA patients and identified changes during the transition from psoriasis to PsA. The decreased bile acid and butyrate levels and elevated guanine levels in psoriasis patients at risk for PsA were particularly striking and may reflect gut microbial dysbiosis and dysregulated hepatic metabolism, leading to altered proliferation of immune cells and enhanced cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Paine
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Paul S. Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Maria De La Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Francisco Tausk
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Ritchlin
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Regeneration of Chronic Rotator Cuff Tear in a Rabbit Model: Synergetic Benefits of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Polydeoxyribonucleotides, and Microcurrent Therapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6496773. [PMID: 35342750 PMCID: PMC8941538 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6496773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate synergic therapeutic effects of combined injection of intralesional mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs) and polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) combined with microcurrent therapy (MIC) on full thickness rotator cuff tendon tear (FTRCTT) in rabbit models. Methods Thirty-two rabbit models were assigned to 4 different groups. FTRCTT in the supraspinatus tendon was created. After 6 weeks, 4 types of procedures (0.2 mL normal saline injection, group 1 (G1-NS); 0.2 mL SC injection, group 2 (G2-MSC); 0.2 mL SC and weekly four injections of 0.2 mL PDRN with sham MIC, group 3 (G3-MSC+PDRN+sham MIC); and 0.2 mL SC and weekly four injections of 0.2 mL PDRN with MIC for four weeks, group 4 (G4-MSC+PDRN+MIC)) were performed in FTRCTT. Gross morphologic and histological changes of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) and motion analysis were performed. Results There was a significant difference in gross morphologic changes between baseline and week 4 posttreatment in group 4 compared to the other three groups (p = 0.01). In groups 3 and 4, all parameters of histochemical and motion analysis have been found to be significantly greater than the ones in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). In group 4, PCNA-, VEGF-, and PECAM-1-stained cells, as well as walking distance, were significantly greater than the ones in group 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion The treatment with UCB-MSCs and PDRN combined with MIC might be the most effective in rabbit models' traumatic FRTCTT.
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Ionescu AC, Vezzoli E, Conte V, Sartori P, Procacci P, Brambilla E. Activity of Experimental Mouthwashes and Gels Containing DNA-RNA and Bioactive Molecules against the Oxidative Stress of Oral Soft Tissues: The Importance of Formulations. A Bioreactor-Based Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium Model. Molecules 2021; 26:2976. [PMID: 34067773 PMCID: PMC8155942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-RNA compounds have shown promising protection against cell oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, protective, or preventive effect of different experimental formulations on oral epithelia's oxidative stress in vitro. METHODS Reconstituted human oral epithelia (RHOE) were grown air-lifted in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Mouthwashes and gels containing DNA-RNA compounds and other bioactive molecules were tested on a model of oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Epithelia viability was evaluated using a biochemical MTT-based assay and confocal microscopy; structural and ultrastructural morphology was evaluated by light microscopy and TEM. RESULTS DNA-RNA showed non-cytotoxic activity and effectively protected against oxidative stress, but did not help in its prevention. Gel formulations did not express adequate activity compared to the mouthwashes. Excipients played a fundamental role in enhancing or even decreasing the bioactive molecules' effect. CONCLUSION A mouthwash formulation with hydrolyzed DNA-RNA effectively protected against oxidative stress without additional enhancement by other bioactive molecules. Active compounds, such as hyaluronic acid, β-Glucan, allantoin, bisabolol, ruscogenin, and essential oils, showed a protective effect against oxidative stress, which was not synergistic with the one of DNA-RNA. Incorporation of surfactant agents showed a reduced, yet significant, cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C. Ionescu
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elena Vezzoli
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Conte
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Colombo, 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.V.); (V.C.); (P.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Ma J, Zhong M, Xiong Y, Gao Z, Wu Z, Liu Y, Hong X. Emerging roles of nucleotide metabolism in cancer development: progress and prospect. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13349-13358. [PMID: 33952722 PMCID: PMC8148454 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cancer metabolism occurs throughout the development of tumors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal nucleotide metabolism not only accelerates the development of tumors but also inhibits the normal immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Although few relevant experiments and reports are available, study of the interaction between nucleotide metabolism and cancer development is rapidly developing. The intervention, alteration or regulation of molecular mechanisms related to abnormal nucleotide metabolism in tumor cells has become a new idea and strategy for the treatment of tumors and prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Determining how nucleotide metabolism regulates the occurrence and progression of tumors still needs long-term and extensive research and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Ma
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yubo Xiong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhi Gao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning 53000, China
| | - Zhengxin Wu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- General Surgery Center, Bazhong Central Hospital, Sichuan, Bazhong 636000, China
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Oncology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian, Xiamen 361000, China
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Meshkini A, Sistanipour E, Oveisi H, Asoodeh A. Induction of osteogenesis in bone tumour cells by purine-conjugated zinc-hydroxyapatite. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.20.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the biocompatibility and osteogenic property of hydroxyapatite (HAP). So HAP nanoparticles were doped with zinc (Zn), and their surface was modified with a purine nucleotide, guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). GTP-loaded nanoparticles (GTP@ZnHAP) were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potential and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Biological experiments revealed that GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles were internalised by the cells, inhibiting tumour cell (osteoblast-like cells, Saos-2) expansion with an efficiency more than that observed for ZnHAP nanoparticles and GTP alone. Furthermore, Saos-2 cells were committed to differentiate into the normal osteoblast cells under the influence of GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles demonstrated by the quantitative assessment of bone-related protein expression (Runx2 and osteocalcin) and cell morphological changes. Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses disclosed a significant enhancement of intracellular GTP content in GTP@ZnHAP-treated cells, proposing perturbation of intracellular nucleotide equilibrium during the process of osteogenesis induced by GTP@ZnHAP nanoparticles. Overall, GTP@ZnHAP exhibits a better synergistic effect on the modulation of cell growth and induction of osteogenic differentiation in osteosarcoma cells than ZnHAP nanoparticles and GTP alone do. Therefore, GTP@ZnHAP may be regarded as a promising biomaterial for the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Meshkini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sistanipour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Oveisi
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Lee YJ, Kim HT, Lee YJ, Paik SH, Moon YS, Lee WJ, Chang SE, Lee MW, Choi JH, Jung JM, Won CH. Comparison of the effects of polynucleotide and hyaluronic acid fillers on periocular rejuvenation: a randomized, double-blind, split-face trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:254-260. [PMID: 32248707 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1748857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Filler injection has become an extremely popular method for facial skin rejuvenation, including the periorbital area. In the recent years, new polynucleotide (PN)-containing filler products have been used for esthetic purposes.Aim: We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of PN filler injection in the periorbital area.Patients/methods: A total of 27 subjects were enrolled in this randomized, pair-matched, and active-controlled study. Each subject received filler injections thrice with two-week intervals, with a PN filler injection on one side and a non-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection on the contralateral side of the periorbital area.Results: Improvements in the visual analog scale and global esthetic improvement scale scores were not significantly different between the PN and HA groups. The improvement rates of skin elasticity and hydration decreased over time in both groups, with the PN group showing a higher improvement rate. The improvement rates of roughness and pore volume were higher in the PN group than in the HA group. The improvement rate of dermal density was not significantly different between the groups. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: The PN filler injection is effective and safe for periorbital rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kyunghee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Tae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Paik
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seon Moon
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Gómez-González BA, Uriarte-Mayorga DF, Martínez-Guzman MA, Wheber-Hidalgo KA, Alvarado-Navarro A. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and their receptors interact with immune response in healthy and psoriatic skin. Neuropeptides 2020; 79:102004. [PMID: 31902596 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial origin that affects the skin. It is characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, which results in erythemato-squamous plaques. Just as the immune system plays a fundamental role in psoriasis physiopathology, the nervous system maintains the inflammatory process through the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters synthesis, as histamine, serotonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, nerve growth factor, vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P, adenosine, glucagon-like peptide, somatostatin and pituitary adenylate cyclase polypeptide. In patients with psoriasis, the systemic or in situ expression of these chemical mediators and their receptors are altered, which affects the clinical activity of patients due to its link to the immune system, provoking neurogenic inflammation. It is important to establish the role of the nervous system since it could represent a therapeutic alternative for psoriasis patients. The aim of this review is to offer a detailed review of the current literature about the neuropeptides and neurotransmitters involved in the physiopathology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Sandoval-Talamantes
- Centro de Reabilitación Infantil Teletón de Occidente, Copal 4575, Col. Arboledas del Sur, 44980 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - B A Gómez-González
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - D F Uriarte-Mayorga
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - M A Martínez-Guzman
- Unima Diagnósticos de México, Paseo de los Mosqueteros 4181, Col. Villa Universitaria, 45110 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Katia Alejandra Wheber-Hidalgo
- Instituto Dermatológico de Jalisco "Dr. José Barba Rubio", Av. Federalismo Norte 3102, Col. Atemajac del Valle, 45190 Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y dermatología, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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13
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Marcelino H, Nogueira VC, Santos CRA, Quelhas P, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca-Gomes J, Tomás J, Diógenes MJ, Sebastião AM, Cascalheira JF. Adenosine inhibits human astrocyte proliferation independently of adenosine receptor activation. J Neurochem 2019; 153:455-467. [PMID: 31811731 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain adenosine concentrations can reach micromolar concentrations in stressful situations such as stroke, neurodegenerative diseases or hypoxic regions of brain tumours. Adenosine can act by receptor-independent mechanism by reversing the reaction catalysed by S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase, leading to SAH accumulation and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases. Astrocytes are essential in maintaining brain homeostasis but their pathological activation and uncontrolled proliferation plays a role in neurodegeneration and glioma. Adenosine can affect cell proliferation, but the effect of increased adenosine concentration on proliferation of astrocytes is not clarified and was addressed in present work. Human astrocytes (HA) were treated for 3 days with test drugs. Cell proliferation/viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay and by cell counting. Cell death was evaluated by assessing lactate dehydrogenase release and by western blot analysis of αII-Spectrin cleavage. 30 µM-Adenosine caused a 40% ± 3% (p < .05, n = 5) reduction in cell proliferation/viability, an effect reversed by 2U/ml-adenosine deaminase, but unchanged in the presence of antagonists of any of the adenosine receptors. Adenosine alone did not induce cell death. 100 µM-Homocysteine alone caused 16% ± 3% (p < .05) decrease in HA proliferation. Combined action of adenosine and homocysteine decreased HA proliferation by 76% ± 4%, an effect higher (p < .05) than the sum of the effects of adenosine and homocysteine alone (56% ± 5%). The inhibitory effect of adenosine on HA proliferation/viability was mimicked by two adenosine kinase inhibitors and attenuated in the presence of folate (100 µM) or SAM (50-100 µM). The results suggest that adenosine reduces HA proliferation by a receptor-independent mechanism probably involving reversal of SAH hydrolase-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Marcelino
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Vanda C Nogueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Quelhas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Tomás
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José F Cascalheira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Synergic regenerative effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide and microcurrent on full-thickness rotator cuff healing in a rabbit model. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 63:474-482. [PMID: 31669161 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff tendon tears (RCTTs) are common adult injuries. We hypothesized that a local injection of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) and microcurrent therapy (MIC) would be more effective in regenerating a tendon tear than PDRN administration alone. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of PDRN combined with MIC on the regeneration of RCTTs in a rabbit subscapularis tendon chronic RCTT model. METHODS Rabbits (n=24) were allocated to 3 groups at 6 weeks after full-thickness RCTT (FTRCTT): 0.2mL normal saline (G1-SAL); 0.2mL PDRN with Sham MIC (G2-PDRN+Sham MIC); and 0.2mL PDRN with MIC (G3-PDRN+MIC). All treatments were performed under ultrasound guidance. PDRN was injected weekly for 4 weeks and sham MIC or MIC was applied daily for 4 weeks after the first PDRN injection. RESULTS In the G3-PDRN+MIC group, the mean (SD) subscapularis tendon tear size was continuously reduced from 1 week post-treatment to 4 weeks and was significantly decreased as compared with the other 2 groups [6.0 (1.5) vs. G1: 11.5 (1.8) and G2: 9.1 (1.6) mm2; G3 vs. G1, P<0.001; G3 vs. G2, P=0.018]. The gross morphologic mean tendon tear size was significantly smaller in the G3-PDRN+MIC group than G1-SAL and G2-PDRN+ Sham MIC groups [8.8 (3.5) vs. 15.9 (2.3) and 12.4 (1.6) mm2; G3 vs. G1, P<0.001; G3 vs. G2, P=0.03]. Mean values for regenerated collagen type 1 fibers, angiogenesis, and walking parameters were all greater for the G3-PDRN+MIC group than the other 2 groups based on histological examination and motion analysis [collagen type 1, G3: 1.60 (0.80) vs. G1: 0.45 (0.60), G2: 1.10 (0.74), G3 vs. G1, P<0.001; G3 vs. G2, P=0.002] [angiogenesis, G3: 2.44 (0.73) vs. G1: 0.80 (0.82) and G2: 2.06 (0.81), G3 vs. G1, P<0.001; G3 vs. G2, P=0.006] [walking distance, G3: 6391.4 (196.9) vs. G1: 4852.8 (137.3) and G2: 5514.4 (257.3) cm; G3 vs. G1, P<0.001; G3 vs. G2, P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS On gross morphologic, histological, and motion analysis, combined PDRN with MIC therapy was more effective than PDRN alone treating a rabbit model of chronic traumatic FTRCTT.
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15
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Kwon DR, Park GY, Moon YS, Lee SC. Therapeutic Effects of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Polydeoxyribonucleotides on Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tendon Tear in a Rabbit Model. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1613-1622. [PMID: 30270645 PMCID: PMC6299194 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718799040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat rotator cuff tendon tear (RCTT) have yielded some promising preliminary results, MSCs therapy has not yet completely regenerated full-thickness RCTT (FTRCTT). It has recently been reported that polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is effective in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff disease. We hypothesized that local injection of human umbilical cord blood-derived (UCB)–MSCs with PDRN would be more effective in regenerating tendon tear than UCB-MSCs alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of UCB–MSCs combined with different doses of PDRN on the regeneration of RCTT in a chronic RCTT model by using a rabbit model. New Zealand white rabbits (n = 24) with FTRCTT were allocated randomly into three groups (8 rabbits per group). Three different injectants (G1-S, 0.2 mL UCB-MSCs; G2-P1, 0.2 mL UCB-MSCs with one injection of 0.2 mL PDRN; G3-P4, 0.2 mL UCB-MSCs, and four injections of 0.2 mL PDRN per week) were injected into FTRCTT under US-guidance. After the rabbits were euthanized, we evaluated ross morphological and histological change. Motion analysis was also performed. There were significant differences in gross morphological changes between before, and at 4 weeks after injection, in all three groups, but no differences were found among the three groups. Masson’s trichrome (MT) or anti-type 1 collagen antibody (COL-1)-positive cell densities in G2-P1 and G3-P4 were improved significantly compared with those in G1-S, but showed no significant difference between G2-P1 and G3-P4. On motion analysis, walking distance and fast walking time in G2-P1 and G3-P4 were significantly longer/higher than those in G1-S, but showed no significant differences between G2-P1 and G3-P4. These results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the gross morphologic change of tendon tear between UCB-MSCs only and combination with PDRN injection in rabbit model of chronic traumatic FTRCTT. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the regenerative effects between high and low doses of (0.8 and 0.2) mL of PDRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Rak Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Gi-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Suk Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Lazzarotto M, Tomasello E, Caporossi A. Clinical Evaluation of Corneal Epithelialization after Photorefractive Keratectomy in Patients Treated with Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) Eye Drops: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210401400402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lazzarotto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Siena, Siena - Italy
| | - E.M. Tomasello
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Siena, Siena - Italy
| | - A. Caporossi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, University of Siena, Siena - Italy
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17
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Sodium-DNA for Bone Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rat Calvaria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7320953. [PMID: 29082254 PMCID: PMC5610838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7320953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical techniques in dental and maxillofacial surgery request fast bone tissue regeneration, so there is a significant need to improve therapy for bone regeneration. Several studies have recently underlined the importance of nucleotides and nucleosides to increase cell proliferation and activity; in particular, the ability of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) to induce growth and activity of human osteoblasts was demonstrated. Sodium-DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the gonadic tissue of male sturgeon and then purified, depolymerized, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. To date, there are no evidences about the use of Sodium-DNA for bone tissue regeneration. Consequently, our question is about the efficacy of Sodium-DNA in bone healing. For testing the role of Sodium-DNA in bone healing we used a rat calvarial defect model. Sodium-DNA at different concentrations used alone or in association with Fibrin and/or Bio-Oss was used for healing treatments and the bone healing process was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results suggested a positive effect of Sodium-DNA in bone regeneration, providing a useful protocol and a model for the future clinical evaluation of its osteogenic properties.
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18
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Teoh WY, Wahab NA, Sim KS. Antiproliferation effect of guanosine on HCT 116 cells involves MAPK and AMPK pathways. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 36:243-255. [PMID: 28323520 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1268693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanisms associated with the antiproliferation effect of guanosine on human colon carcinoma HCT 116 cells. In this study, guanosine induced more drastic cell cycle arrest effect than cell death effect on HCT 116 cells. The cell cycle arrest effect of guanosine on HCT 116 cells appeared to be associated with the increased activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. The decrease of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and cyclin D1 expression was also involved. Thus, the antiproliferation of colon cancer cells of guanosine could be mediated by the disruption of MAPK and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuen Yew Teoh
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Norhanom Abdul Wahab
- b Biology Division , Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kae Shin Sim
- a Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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19
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Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors Differentially Modulate Keratinocyte Proliferation: Possible Deregulation in Psoriatic Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Bettio LEB, Neis VB, Pazini FL, Brocardo PS, Patten AR, Gil-Mohapel J, Christie BR, Rodrigues ALS. The antidepressant-like effect of chronic guanosine treatment is associated with increased hippocampal neuronal differentiation. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1006-15. [PMID: 26779605 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine is a purine nucleoside that occurs naturally in the central nervous system, exerting trophic effects. Given its neuroprotective properties, the potential of guanosine as an antidepressant has been recently examined. Within this context, the present study sought to investigate the effects of chronic treatment with guanosine on the tail suspension test (TST), open field test and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Swiss mice were administered guanosine for 21 days (5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and subsequently submitted to the TST and open-field test. Following behavioural testing, animals were killed and the brains were processed for immunohistochemical analyses of hippocampal cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Animals treated with guanosine showed a reduction in immobility time in the TST without alterations in locomotor activity, confirming the antidepressant-like effect of this compound. Quantitative microscopic analysis did not reveal significant alterations in the numbers of Ki-67- and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of guanosine-treated mice. However, guanosine treatment resulted in a significant increase in the number of immature neurons, as assessed by immunohistochemistry for the neurogenic differentiation protein. Interestingly, this effect was localized to the ventral hippocampal DG, a functionally distinct region of this structure known to regulate emotional and motivational behaviours. Taken together, our results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of chronic guanosine treatment is associated with an increase in neuronal differentiation, reinforcing the notion that this nucleoside may be an endogenous mood modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil.,Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Vivian B Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
| | - Anna R Patten
- Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences and UBC Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil
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Park KY, Seok J, Rho NK, Kim BJ, Kim MN. Long-chain polynucleotide filler for skin rejuvenation: efficacy and complications in five patients. Dermatol Ther 2015; 29:37-40. [PMID: 26814448 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging well has become the new target of preventative medicine, and aesthetic dermatology can contribute to this request. The polynucleotide (PN) containing products not only fill the space, but improve tissue regeneration, resulting in more natural tissue regeneration. Five Korean women received four times injections of long-chain PN filler in two-week intervals for skin rejuvenation. About 0.05 mL of material was injected in 40 points of one-side cheek. The pore and skin thickness were markedly improved in the patients in their 30s, whereas skin tone, melanin, wrinkles, and sagging were noticeably improved for patients in their 40s. There are no serious side effects. In conclusion, intradermal long-chain PN filler injection seems to be an effective and safe treatment for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Young Park
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Seok
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nark Kyoung Rho
- Leaders Aesthetic Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeung Nam Kim
- Departments of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Li F, Yang FQ, Xia ZN. Simultaneous Determination of Ten Nucleosides and Related Compounds by MEEKC with [BMIM]PF6 as Oil Phase. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Guanosine negatively modulates the gastric motor function in mouse. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:655-61. [PMID: 23839776 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate if guanine-based purines may affect the gastric motor function in mouse. Thus, the influence of guanosine on the gastric emptying rate in vivo was determined and its effects on spontaneous gastric mechanical activity, detected as changes of the intraluminal pressure, were analyzed in vitro before and after different treatments. Gastric gavage of guanosine (1.75-10 mg/kg) delayed the gastric emptying. Guanosine (30 μM-1 mM) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation of isolated stomach, which was not affected by the inhibition of the purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme by 4'-deaza-1'-aza-2'-deoxy-1'-(9-methylene)-immucillin-H. The inhibitory response was antagonized by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine, a membrane nucleoside transporter inhibitor, but not affected by 9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine, a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, or by tetrodotoxin, a blocker of neuronal voltage-dependent Na(+) channels. Moreover, guanosine-induced effects persisted in the presence of 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase or tetraethylammonium, a nonselective potassium channel blocker, but they were progressively reduced by increasing concentrations of 2'5'dideoxyadenosine, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor. Lastly, the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), measured by ELISA, in gastric full thickness preparations were increased by guanosine. In conclusion, our data indicate that, in mouse, guanosine is able to modulate negatively the gastric motor function, reducing gastric emptying and inducing muscular relaxation. The latter is dependent by its cellular uptake and involves adenylyl cyclase activation and increase in cAMP intracellular levels, while it is independent on neural action potentials, adenosine receptors, and K(+) channel activation.
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Meshkini A, Yazdanparast R. Foxo3a targets mitochondria during guanosine 5'-triphosphate guided erythroid differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1718-28. [PMID: 22743331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that Foxo family proteins serve as biochemical signal integrators in complex signaling networks mediating and modulating diverse cellular functions. Herein, we report that besides the well-established function of Foxo3a as a transcriptional regulator of multiple target genes in nucleus, a substantial fraction of Foxo3a translocates to mitochondria leading to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and caspase activation during erythroid differentiation mediated by guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP). In fact, non transcriptional role of Foxo3a in mitochondria was achieved through the protein-protein interaction with pro-apoptotic protein Bax and its translocation to mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, our results revealed that mitochondrial localization of Foxo3a was modulated by intracellular GTP content which is sensed by PKC signaling element. Collectively, our findings provided insight into a novel Foxo3a mechanism in leukemia cells which led to engagement of cells in the maturation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Meshkini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PO Box 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Garozzo R, Sortino MA, Vancheri C, Condorelli DF. Antiproliferative effects induced by guanine-based purines require hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1079-89. [PMID: 20536392 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Guanine (GUA), guanosine and GMP exert a marked growth inhibition on the U87 glioma cell line that is not seen with other tested nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases. This effect could be replicated in several different human tumoral cell lines. Guanine shows a higher potency than guanosine or GMP, and co-treatments with adenosine or adenine are able to antagonize or revert the antiproliferative effect of guanine. The loss of the guanine effect in a cell line bearing a mutated inactive hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), and the decreased potency of GUA in U87 cells silenced for HGPRT transcripts, demonstrates the central role of the intracellular metabolism of GUA for growth-inhibitory effects. Considering the potential application of growth-inhibitory substances in anticancer therapy, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying GUA-induced effects encourages studies aimed at defining possible tumoral targets for experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Garozzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
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Butyl benzyl phthalate suppresses the ATP-induced cell proliferation in human osteosarcoma HOS cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 244:308-14. [PMID: 20114058 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), an endocrine disruptor present in the environment, exerts its genomic effects via intracellular steroid receptors and elicits non-genomic effects by interfering with membrane ion-channel receptors. We previously found that BBP blocks the calcium signaling coupled with P2X receptors in PC12 cells (Liu & Chen, 2006). Osteoblast P2X receptors were recently reported to play a role in cell proliferation and bone remodeling. In this present study, the effects of BBP on ATP-induced responses were investigated in human osteosarcoma HOS cells. These receptors mRNA had been detected, named P2X4, P2X7, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y5, P2Y9, and P2Y11, in human osteosarcoma HOS cells by RT-PCR. The enhancement of cell proliferation and the decrease of cytoviability had both been shown to be coupled to stimulation via different concentrations of ATP. BBP suppressed the ATP-induced calcium influx (mainly coupled with P2X) and cell proliferation but not the ATP-induced intracellular calcium release (mainly coupled with P2Y) and cytotoxicity in human osteosarcoma HOS cells. Suramin, a common P2 receptor's antagonist, blocked the ATP-induced calcium signaling, cell proliferation, and cytotoxicity. We suggest that P2X is mainly responsible for cell proliferation, and P2Y might be partially responsible for the observed cytotoxicity. BBP suppressed the calcium signaling coupled with P2X, suppressing cell proliferation. Since the importance of P2X receptors during bone metastasis has recently become apparent, the possible toxic risk of environmental BBP during bone remodeling is a public problem of concern.
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Gaglio D, Soldati C, Vanoni M, Alberghina L, Chiaradonna F. Glutamine deprivation induces abortive s-phase rescued by deoxyribonucleotides in k-ras transformed fibroblasts. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4715. [PMID: 19262748 PMCID: PMC2650790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncogene activation plays a role in metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. We have previously shown that K-ras transformed fibroblasts have a stronger dependence on glycolysis and a reduced oxidative phosphorylation ability as compared to their normal counterparts. Another metabolic adaptation of cancer cells, that has long been established, is their propensity to exhibit increased glutamine consumption, although the effects induced by glutamine deprivation on cancer cells are still controversial. Methodology and Principal Findings Here, by using nutritional perturbations and molecular physiology, we show that reduction or complete depletion of glutamine availability in K-ras transformed fibroblasts causes a strong decrease of proliferation ability and a slower re-entry of synchronized cells into the cell cycle. The reduced proliferation is accompanied by sustained expression of cyclin D and E, abortive S phase entrance and is dependent on Ras signalling deregulation, since it is rescued by expression of a dominant negative guanine nucleotide exchange factor. The growth potential of transformed cells as well as the ability to execute the G1 to S transition is restored by adding the four deoxyribonucleotides, indicating that the arrest of proliferation of K-ras transformed cells induced by glutamine depletion is largely due to a reduced supply of DNA in the presence of signalling pathways promoting G1 to S transition. Conclusions and Significance Our results suggest that the differential effects of glutamine and glucose on cell viability are not a property of the transformed phenotype per se, but rather depend on the specific pathway being activated in transformation. For instance, myc-overexpressing cells have been reported to die under glutamine depletion and not under glucose shortage, while the opposite holds for ras-transformed fibroblasts as shown in this paper. These different responses of transformed cells to nutritional stress should be taken into account when designing anti-cancer therapies that aim to exploit metabolic differences between normal and transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gaglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vanoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lilia Alberghina
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Neary JT, Shi YF, Kang Y, Tran MD. Opposing effects of P2X(7) and P2Y purine/pyrimidine-preferring receptors on proliferation of astrocytes induced by fibroblast growth factor-2: implications for CNS development, injury, and repair. J Neurosci Res 2009; 86:3096-105. [PMID: 18615736 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides play important trophic roles in development and central nervous system (CNS) injury, but the functions of distinct purinergic receptors and related signaling pathways have not been fully elucidated. In the present study we identified opposing effects of P2X and P2Y receptors on the ability of FGF2 to induce proliferation in primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes. Low concentrations of ATP enhanced DNA synthesis induced by FGF2, whereas high concentrations inhibited FGF2-induced proliferation. Comparison of concentration-response experiments with ATP and 2',3'-O-(4-benzoyl)-benzoyl-ATP (BzATP) indicated that the inhibitory effect was mediated by P2X(7) receptors. Interestingly, activation of P2X(7) receptors led to a state of reversible growth arrest rather than cell death. Selectivity studies showed that proliferation evoked by epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor was also inhibited by P2X(7) receptors, but P2X(1) or P2X(3) receptors did not inhibit proliferation induced by FGF2. A marker of mitosis, phosphohistone-3, was reduced by BzATP and increased by UTP, suggesting that the enhancing effect of ATP on FGF2-induced proliferation was mediated by P2 purine/pyrimidine receptors. Phosphorylation of the growth arrest-related protein kinases p38/MAPK and SAPK/JNK was strongly increased by BzATP but only weakly affected by UTP. We conclude that P2Y purine/pyrimidine receptors enhance proliferation induced by FGF2 in astrocytes, whereas stimulation of P2X(7) receptors inhibits proliferation by shifting cells to a state of reversible growth arrest that may be mediated by protein kinase signaling. These trophic actions of P2X(7) and P2Y purine/pyrimidine receptors may contribute to the regulation of CNS development, adult neurogenesis, and the response of astrocytes to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Neary
- Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33125, USA.
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Rathbone M, Pilutti L, Caciagli F, Jiang S. Neurotrophic effects of extracellular guanosine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2008; 27:666-72. [PMID: 18600524 DOI: 10.1080/15257770802143913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes release guanosine extracellularly, that exerts trophic effects. In CNS, extracellular guanosine (GUO) stimulates mitosis, synthesis of trophic factors, and cell differentiation, including neuritogenesis, is neuroprotective, and reduces apoptosis due to several stimuli. Specific receptor-like binding sites for eGUO in the nervous system may mediate its effects through both MAP kinase and PI3-kinase signalling pathways. Extracellular guanine (eGUA) also exerts several effects; the trophic effects of eGUO are likely regulated by conversion of eGUO to eGUA by a membrane located purine nucleoside phosphorylase (ecto-PNP) and by conversion of eGUA to xanthine by guanine deaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rathbone
- Department of Medicine-Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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Raposio E, Guida C, Coradeghini R, Scanarotti C, Parodi A, Baldelli I, Fiocca R, Santi PL. In vitro polydeoxyribonucleotide effects on human pre-adipocytes. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:739-54. [PMID: 18673371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue is the most abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells. Human processed lipoaspirate contains pre-adipocytes that possess one of the a characteristic pathways of multipotent adult stem cells and are able to differentiate in vitro into mesenchymal and also neurogenic lineages. Because stem cells have great potential for use in tissue repair and regeneration, it would be significant to be able to obtain large amounts of these cells in vitro. As demonstrated previously, purine nucleosides and nucleotides mixtures can act as mitogens for several cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polydeoxyribonucleotides (PDRN), at appropriate concentrations, on human pre-adipocytes grown in a controlled medium, also using different passages, so as to investigate the relationship between the effect of this compound and cellular senescence, which is the phenomenon when normal diploid cells lose the ability to divide further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pre-adipocytes were obtained by liposuction. Cells from different culture passages (P6 and P16) were treated with PDRN at different experimental times. Cell number was evaluated for each sample by direct counting after trypan blue treatment. DNA assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test were also carried out in all cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS PDRN seemed to promote proliferation of human pre-adipocytes at both passages, but cell population growth increased in pre-adipocyte at P16, after 9 days as compared to control. Our data suggest that PDRN could act as a pre-adipocyte growth stimulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Raposio
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Division, DICMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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31
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Fraser GL, Wahlestedt C. Section Review: Biologicals & Immunologicals: Applications of antisense technology to both basic and clinical research. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.4.7.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Clark AN, Youkey R, Liu X, Jia L, Blatt R, Day YJ, Sullivan GW, Linden J, Tucker AL. A1 adenosine receptor activation promotes angiogenesis and release of VEGF from monocytes. Circ Res 2007; 101:1130-8. [PMID: 17901362 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.150110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a proangiogenic purine nucleoside released from ischemic and hypoxic tissues. Of the 4 adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), the A2 and A3 have been previously linked to the modulation of angiogenesis. We used the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model to determine whether A1 AR activation affects angiogenesis. We cloned and pharmacologically characterized chicken AR subtypes to evaluate the selectivity of various agonists and antagonists. Application of the A1 AR-selective agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA; 100 nmol/L) to the CAM resulted in a 40% increase in blood vessel number (P<0.01), which was blocked by the A1 AR-selective antagonist C8-(N-methylisopropyl)-amino-N6-(5'-endohydroxy)-endonorbornan-2-yl-9-methyladenine (WRC-0571; 1 micromol/L). Selective A2A AR agonists did not stimulate angiogenesis in the CAM. In an ex vivo rat aortic ring model of angiogenesis that includes cocultured endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells, 50 nmol/L CPA did not directly stimulate capillary formation; however, medium from human mononuclear cells pretreated with CPA, but not vehicle, increased capillary formation by 48% (P<0.05). This effect was blocked by WRC-0571 (1.5 micromol/L) or anti-VEGF antibody (1 microg/mL). CPA (5 nmol/L) stimulated a 1.7-fold increase in VEGF release from the mononuclear cells. This is the first study to show that A1 AR activation induces angiogenesis. Stimulation of A2 ARs on endothelial cells results in proliferation and tube formation, and A2 and A3 ARs on inflammatory cells modulate release of angiogenic factors. We conclude that adenosine promotes a coordinated angiogenic response through its interactions with multiple receptors on multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Clark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Suzuki N, Kamataki A, Yamaki J, Homma Y. Characterization of circulating DNA in healthy human plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 387:55-8. [PMID: 17916343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 09/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of circulating DNA has been recognized since the detection of mutated oncogene products in cancer patients; however, there is little information about circulating DNA in normal human plasma. We characterized circulating DNA in normal human plasma to obtain basic information. METHODS Circulating DNA was purified from plasma samples obtained from 10 healthy donors and examined. Purified DNA was cloned and their sequence determined and analyzed. The terminal structure was examined by a labeling method. RESULTS The DNA levels in normal plasma samples were quite low (3.6-5.0 ng/ml). All 556 clones analyzed were independent, and obtained from various chromosomes and various regions of the gene. The mean values of their length and GC content were 176 bp and 53.7%, respectively. Their 5' and 3' ends were rich in C and G, respectively, and they presented as 5' protruding forms of double-stranded DNA in plasma. CONCLUSION Circulating DNA in normal human plasma is derived from apoptotic cells but not from necrotic cells. Structural characteristics of the circulating DNA might be associated with their stability in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Suzuki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Schmidt AP, Lara DR, Souza DO. Proposal of a guanine-based purinergic system in the mammalian central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 116:401-16. [PMID: 17884172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-based purines have been traditionally studied as modulators of intracellular processes, mainly G-protein activity. However, they also exert several extracellular effects not related to G proteins, including modulation of glutamatergic activity, trophic effects on neural cells, and behavioral effects. In this article, the putative roles of guanine-based purines on the nervous system are reviewed, and we propose a specific guanine-based purinergic system in addition to the well-characterized adenine-based purinergic system. Current evidence suggest that guanine-based purines modulate glutamatergic parameters, such as glutamate uptake by astrocytes and synaptic vesicles, seizures induced by glutamatergic agents, response to ischemia and excitotoxicity, and are able to affect learning, memory and anxiety. Additionally, guanine-based purines have important trophic functions affecting the development, structure, or maintenance of neural cells. Although studies addressing the mechanism of action (receptors and second messenger systems) of guanine-based purines are still insufficient, these findings point to the guanine-based purines (nucleotides and guanosine) as potential new targets for neuroprotection and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P Schmidt
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Guizzardi S, Martini D, Bacchelli B, Valdatta L, Thione A, Scamoni S, Uggeri J, Ruggeri A. Effects of heat deproteinate bone and polynucleotides on bone regeneration: an experimental study on rat. Micron 2007; 38:722-8. [PMID: 17587587 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This experimental study evaluated the effects of polynucleotides on bone regeneration on rats. Defects with a diameter of 2mm were prepared in the thickness of cortical bone of 32 rat tibiae and filled with different compounds: polynucleotide gel (PDRN), deproteinated porcine cortical bone (HDB) obtained by high temperature heating in the form of granules and a paste made of HDB granules and PDRN gel. Bone regeneration of the gaps was histologically analysed after a treatment time ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. Both PDRN and HDB stimulated bone growth and repair, but the paste prepared combining HDB granules and PDRN showed the best performance with faster filling, better osteconductive and biocompatible properties and easier handling. This study suggests that the paste prepared combining HDB and PDRN gel induces rapid bone regeneration in different clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guizzardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Histology, University of Parma, Italy.
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Braun M, Lelieur K, Kietzmann M. Purinergic substances promote murine keratinocyte proliferation and enhance impaired wound healing in mice. Wound Repair Regen 2006; 14:152-61. [PMID: 16630104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2006.00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As membrane-bound receptors for adenosine, purines, and pyrimidines, purinoceptors are expressed in nearly all cell types throughout the mammalian organism. Previous studies showed that purinoceptors are involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of most target cells. The present study was performed to elucidate their role in keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing. The expression of the mRNA of several adenosine and P2Y receptors was shown in the immortalized murine keratinocyte cell line MSC-P5 and primary cultured keratinocytes of four different mouse strains. The nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethyl)-carboxamidoadenosine enhanced the growth of MSC-P5 cells in vitro via the A2B receptor. The proliferative stimulus of adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate on this cell line was mediated by the P2Y2 receptor. The mitogenic effect of the purinergic substances was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with respective antagonists. Studies in a mouse model of dexamethasone-induced impaired wound healing showed the in vivo efficacy of the purinoceptor agonists. These studies confirm that pharmacological actions via purinoceptors offer an intriguing possibility in the treatment of impaired wound healing. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to elucidate fully the role of purinergic mechanisms involved in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Braun
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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Pietrangelo T, Fioretti B, Mancinelli R, Catacuzzeno L, Franciolini F, Fanò G, Fulle S. Extracellular guanosine-5'-triphosphate modulates myogenesis via intermediate Ca(2+)-activated K+ currents in C2C12 mouse cells. J Physiol 2006; 572:721-33. [PMID: 16455689 PMCID: PMC1780011 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of extracellular 5'-guanosine-triphosphate (GTP) on early phases of skeletal muscle differentiation using the widely used C2C12 mouse cells as a myogenic model. We show that extracellular GTP binding to specific sites activates a metabotropic cascade that leads to a transient intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, consequent activation of the intermediate Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (IK(Ca)), and hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. We further show that in differentiating C2C12 myoblasts GTP induces a proliferative boost, and increases the number of cells positive for the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) proteins. These effects were shown to be mediated by the IK(Ca) channel-dependent hyperpolarization, as evidenced by their disappearance when myoblasts were incubated with the IK(Ca) channel inhibitor charybdotoxin. These data give new insights into nucleotide purinergic signalling pathways, and address the role of the GTP-dependent IK(Ca) channel activation and hyperpolarization in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Ce.S.I. Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento 'University G. d'Annunzio' Foundation, via dei Vestini, I-66013 Chieti, Italy.
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Jiang S, Zavitz CCJ, Wang J, Saraf A, Zielinski R, Ramsbottom JD, Ballerini P, D'Alimonte I, Romano S, Fischione G, Traversa U, Werstiuk ES, Rathbone MP. Non-adenine based purines accelerate wound healing. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:651-61. [PMID: 18404468 PMCID: PMC2096660 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex sequence of cellular and molecular processes that involves multiple cell types and biochemical mediators. Several growth factors have been identified that regulate tissue repair, including the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF). As non-adenine based purines (NABPs) are known to promote cell proliferation and the release of growth factors, we investigated whether NABPs had an effect on wound healing. Full-thickness, excisional wound healing in healthy BALB/c mice was significantly accelerated by daily topical application of NABPs such as guanosine (50% closure by days 2.5′.8). Co-treatment of wounds with guanosine plus anti-NGF reversed the guanosine-promoted acceleration of wound healing, indicating that this effect of guanosine is mediated, at least in part, by NGF. Selective inhibitors of the NGF-inducible serine/threonine protein kinase (protein kinase N), such as 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside abolished the acceleration of wound healing caused by guanosine, confirming that activation of this enzyme is required for this effect of guanosine. Treatment of genetically diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+lepr db mice, which display impaired wound healing, with guanosine led to accelerated healing of skin wounds (25% closure by days 2.8′.0). These results provide further confirmation that the NABP-mediated acceleration of cutaneous wound healing is mediated via an NGF-dependent mechanism. Thus, NABPs may offer an alternative and viable approach for the treatment of wounds in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucui Jiang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, 4N71B, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada,
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Pietrangelo T, Guarnieri S, Fulle S, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA. Signal transduction events induced by extracellular guanosine 5' triphosphate in excitable cells. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:633-6. [PMID: 18404466 PMCID: PMC2096655 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the physiological effects of guanosine-based purines should help clarify the complex subject of purinergic signalling. We studied the effect of extracellular guanosine 5′triphosphate (GTP) on the differentiation of two excitable cell lines that both have specific binding sites for GTP: PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. PC12 cells can be differentiated into fully functional sympathetic-like neurons with 50′00 ng ml−1 of nerve growth factor, whereas serum starvation causes C2C12 cells to differentiate into myotubes showing functional excitation–contraction coupling, with the expression of myosin heavy chain proteins. Our results show that GTP enhances the differentiation of both of these excitable cell lines. The early events in guanosine-based purine signal transduction appear to involve an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and membrane hyperpolarization. We further investigated the early activation of extracellular-regulated kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in GTP-stimulated PC12 and C2C12 cells, respectively. We found that GTP promotes the activation of both kinases. Together, our results suggest that, even if there are some differences in the signalling pathways, GTP-induced differentiation in both cell lines is dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Pietrangelo
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Guarnieri
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Fulle
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Fanò
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. A. Mariggiò
- Laboratorio di Fisiologia Cellulare, Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento (Ce.S.I.), University ‘G. d’Annunzio′Foundation, Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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Guanosine effect on cholesterol efflux and apolipoprotein E expression in astrocytes. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:637-49. [PMID: 18404467 PMCID: PMC2096658 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main source of cholesterol in the central nervous system (CNS) is represented by glial cells, mainly astrocytes, which also synthesise and secrete apolipoproteins, in particular apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the major apolipoprotein in the brain, thus generating cholesterol-rich high density lipoproteins (HDLs). This cholesterol trafficking, even though still poorly known, is considered to play a key role in different aspects of neuronal plasticity and in the stabilisation of synaptic transmission. Moreover, cell cholesterol depletion has recently been linked to a reduction in amyloid beta formation. Here we demonstrate that guanosine, which we previously reported to exert several neuroprotective effects, was able to increase cholesterol efflux from astrocytes and C6 rat glioma cells in the absence of exogenously added acceptors. In this effect the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (PI3K/ERK1/2) pathway seems to play a pivotal role. Guanosine was also able to increase the expression of ApoE in astrocytes, whereas it did not modify the levels of ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1), considered the main cholesterol transporter in the CNS. Given the emerging role of cholesterol balance in neuronal repair, these effects provide evidence for a role of guanosine as a potential pharmacological tool in the modulation of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain.
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41
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Lakshmi S, Joshi PG. Activation of Src/kinase/phospholipase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of neurite expression by ATP, independent of nerve growth factor. Neuroscience 2006; 141:179-89. [PMID: 16730415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP has been reported to potentiate the neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor. In the present study the neurotrophic effect of ATP and other nucleotides was examined in mouse neuroblastoma neuro2a cells which lack nerve growth factor receptor. Exposure of neuro2a cells to ATP resulted in a dramatic increase in neurite bearing cells as compared with untreated control cells. Experiments performed with purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists suggest that the ATP stimulates neurite outgrowth via P2 receptors. Neurite outgrowth was completely blocked by P2 receptor antagonist suramin whereas the P1 receptor antagonist CGS15943 was ineffective. P1 receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine failed to induce neurite outgrowth. The potency order of different P2 receptor agonists was ATP=ATPgammaS>ADP>>2Me-S-ATP. It was insensitive to UTP and antagonist pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) suggesting the involvement of P2Y11 receptor in the observed neuritogenic effect. The signaling pathway leading to ATP-induced neuritogenesis was investigated. The neuritogenic effect of ATP is independent of rise in intracellular Ca(2+) as pharmacological profile of neuritogenic P2Y receptor does not match with that of P2Y2 receptor associated with [Ca(2+)](i) signaling cascade. Exposure of cells to ATP caused activation of Src kinase, phospholipase Cgamma and extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126 drastically reduced the number of neurite bearing cells in ATP-treated cultures implying that the neurotrophic effect of ATP is mediated by MAPK. Our results demonstrate that ATP can stimulate neurite outgrowth independent of other neurotrophic factors and can be an effective trophic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakshmi
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560 029, India
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42
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Hashemi M, Karami-Tehrani F, Ghavami S, Maddika S, Los M. Adenosine and deoxyadenosine induces apoptosis in oestrogen receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cells via the intrinsic pathway. Cell Prolif 2005; 38:269-85. [PMID: 16202036 PMCID: PMC6495740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2005.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have examined the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of adenosine (Ado) and deoxyadenosine (dAdo) on human breast cancer cell lines. Ado and dAdo alone had little effect on cell cytotoxicity. However, in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, EHNA, adenosine and deoxyadenosine led to significant growth inhibition of cells of the lines tested. Ado/EHNA and dAdo/EHNA-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by NBTI, an inhibitor of nucleoside transport, and 5'-amino-5'-deoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase, but the effects were not affected by 8-phenyltheophylline, a broad inhibitor of adenosine receptors. The Ado/EHNA combination brought about morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Caspase-9 activation was observed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB468 human breast cancer cell lines on treatment with Ado/EHNA or dAdo/EHNA, but, as expected, caspase-3 activation was only observed in MDA-MB468 cells. The results of the study, thus, suggest that extracellular adenosine and deoxyadenosine induce apoptosis in both oestrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and also oestrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB468) human breast cancer cells by its uptake into the cells and conversion to AMP (dAMP) followed by activation of nucleoside kinase, and finally by the activation of the mitochondrial/intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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43
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Guarnieri S, Fanò G, Rathbone MP, Mariggiò MA. Cooperation in signal transduction of extracellular guanosine 5' triphosphate and nerve growth factor in neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Neuroscience 2005; 128:697-712. [PMID: 15464278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine 5' triphosphate (GTP), acting synergistically with the nerve growth factor (NGF), enhances the proportion of neurite-bearing cells in cultures of PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. We studied the transduction mechanisms activated by GTP in PC12 cells and found that addition of GTP (100 microM) increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cells that were between 60 and 70% confluent. Addition of GTP also enhanced activation of NGF-induced extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) and induced Ca(2+) mobilization. This mobilization, due to the activation of voltage-sensitive and ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels, as well as pertussis toxin-sensitive purinoceptors, modulates Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels not involved in activation of ERKs. The results presented here indicate that GTP-triggered [Ca(2+)](i) increase may be a key event in GTP signal transduction, which can modulate activity of ERKs. The physiological importance of the GTP effect lies in its capacity to interact with the NGF-activated pathway to enhance neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guarnieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Centro di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Ce.S.I., Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio," Nuovo Polo Didattico pal. B, Via dei Vestini 29, 66013 Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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44
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Traversa U, Bombi G, Camaioni E, Macchiarulo A, Costantino G, Palmieri C, Caciagli F, Pellicciari R. Rat brain guanosine binding site. Biological studies and pseudo-receptor construction. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 11:5417-25. [PMID: 14642586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rat brain guanosine binding sites were studied by (i). a pharmacological approach to confirm the hypothesis of the existence of specific G-coupled receptors for guanosine (1) and, for the first time, delineate a structure-activity relationship for a series of guanosine derivatives; (ii). a molecular modelling approach to design a pseudo-receptor construction. GTP and its non-hydrolysable analogue Gpp[NH]p decreased [3H]-guanosine binding to rat brain membranes. Gpp[NH]p 30 and 100 microM induced a dose-dependent decrease in [3H]-guanosine affinity and PTX pretreatment of rat brain membranes caused a 50% reduction in binding. In slices from rat brain cortex, guanosine induced a dose-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP. This increase is specific for guanosine, since neither the pretreatment with adenosine deaminase nor the A(1) and A(2) adenosine receptor antagonists were able to modify the guanosine-induced cAMP accumulation. The structure-activity relationship showed that the potency order of the best substances able to displace 50 nM [3H]-guanosine was guanosine (1)=6-thioguanosine (3)>8-bromoguanosine (4)>inosine (10)>7-methylguanosine (6)=3'-deoxyguanosine (9)>2'-deoxyguanosine (8)=guanine (11)=6-thioguanine (12)>>N(2)-methylguanosine (5). The competition studies confirmed that [3H]-guanosine site was distinct from the well characterized ATP and adenosine binding sites. The present results are rationalized in terms of a putative pseudo-receptor construct which includes all the relevant physicochemical interaction between guanosine analogues and their putative binding sites. This construct will be useful for the in silico screening of compound libraries in search for new potent and structurally diverse pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Traversa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche - BRAIN Center, via L Giorgieri 7, Università di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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45
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Burnstock G, Knight GE. Cellular Distribution and Functions of P2 Receptor Subtypes in Different Systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2004; 240:31-304. [PMID: 15548415 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)40002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing readers with a comprehensive reference article about the distribution and function of P2 receptors in all the organs, tissues, and cells in the body. Each section provides an account of the early history of purinergic signaling in the organ?cell up to 1994, then summarizes subsequent evidence for the presence of P2X and P2Y receptor subtype mRNA and proteins as well as functional data, all fully referenced. A section is included describing the plasticity of expression of P2 receptors during development and aging as well as in various pathophysiological conditions. Finally, there is some discussion of possible future developments in the purinergic signaling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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46
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Di Iorio P, Ballerini P, Traversa U, Nicoletti F, D'Alimonte I, Kleywegt S, Werstiuk ES, Rathbone MP, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R. The antiapoptotic effect of guanosine is mediated by the activation of the PI 3-kinase/AKT/PKB pathway in cultured rat astrocytes. Glia 2004; 46:356-68. [PMID: 15095366 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine has many trophic effects in the CNS, including the stimulation of neurotrophic factor synthesis and release by astrocytes, which protect neurons against excitotoxic death. Therefore, we questioned whether guanosine protected astrocytes against apoptosis induced by staurosporine. We evaluated apoptosis in cultured rat brain astrocytes, following exposure (3 h) to 100 nM staurosporine by acridine orange staining or by oligonucleosome, or caspase-3 ELISA assays. Staurosporine promoted apoptosis rapidly, reaching its maximal effect (approximately 10-fold over basal apoptotic values) in 18-24 h after its administration to astrocytes. Guanosine, added to the culture medium for 4 h, starting from 1 h prior to staurosporine, reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 value for the inhibitory effect of guanosine is 7.5 x 10(-5) M. The protective effect of guanosine was not affected by inhibiting the nucleoside transporters by propentophylline, or by the selective antagonists of the adenosine A1 or A2 receptors (DPCPX or DMPX), or by an antagonist of the P2X and P2Y purine receptors (suramin). In contrast, pretreatment of astrocytes with pertussis toxin, which uncouples Gi-proteins from their receptors, abolished the antiapoptotic effect of guanosine. The protective effect of guanosine was also reduced by pretreatment of astrocytes with inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; LY294002, 30 microM) or the MAPK pathway (PD98059, 10 microM). Addition of guanosine caused a rapid phosphorylation of Akt/PKB, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and induced an upregulation of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression. These data demonstrate that guanosine protects astrocytes against staurosporine-induced apoptosis by activating multiple pathways, and these are mediated by a Gi-protein-coupled putative guanosine receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Merighi S, Mirandola P, Varani K, Gessi S, Leung E, Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Borea PA. A glance at adenosine receptors: novel target for antitumor therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2003; 100:31-48. [PMID: 14550503 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(03)00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine can be released from a variety of cells throughout the body, as the result of increased metabolic rates, in concentrations that can have a profound impact on the vasculature, immunoescaping, and growth of tumor masses. It is recognized that the concentrations of this nucleoside are increased in cancer tissues. Therefore, it is not surprising that adenosine has been shown to be a crucial factor in determining the cell progression pathway, either during apoptosis or during cytostatic state. From the perspective of cancer, the most important question then may be "Can activation and/or blockade of the pathways downstream of the adenosine receptor contribute to tumor development?" Rigorous examinations of the role of adenosine in in vivo and in vitro systems need to be investigated. The present review therefore proposes multiple adenosine-sustained ways that could prime tumor development together with the critical combinatorial role played by adenosine receptors in taking a choice between proliferation and death. This review proposes that adenosine acts as a potent regulator of normal and tumor cell growth. It is hypothesized that this effect is dependent on extracellular adenosine concentrations, cell surface expression of different adenosine receptor subtypes, and signal transduction mechanisms activated following the binding of specific agonists. We venture to suggest that the clarification of the role of adenosine and its receptors in cancer development may hold great promise for the treatment of chemotherapy in patients affected by malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Merighi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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Guizzardi S, Galli C, Govoni P, Boratto R, Cattarini G, Martini D, Belletti S, Scandroglio R. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) promotes human osteoblast proliferation: a new proposal for bone tissue repair. Life Sci 2003; 73:1973-83. [PMID: 12899922 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several researchers have recently shed new light upon the importance of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides to stimulate cells growth. PDRN, a mixture of deoxyribonucleotides polymers of different lengths, has recently demonstrated to stimulate "in vitro" fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, probably stimulating the purinergic receptor system. In this work we evaluated the effects of PDRN on human cultured osteoblasts, focusing our attention on cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. PDRN at a concentration of 100 microg/ml induce an increase in osteoblasts growth after 6 days as compared to control (+21%). The addition of DMPX 50 microM and suramine (P2 inhibitor) 10 microM give different results: suramine has no significant effect, while DPMX reduce, even if partially, the PDRN induced cell growth. The alkaline phosphatase activity shows a gradual enhancement starting from day 0 to day 10, even if PDRN treated cells, examined at day 6, present a sensibly lower phosphatase activity when compared to controls. Our data demonstrate that PDRN acts as an osteoblast growth stimulator. Its action is partially due to a stimulation of the purinergic system mediated by A2 purinoreceptors, however we can not exclude the involvement of other mechanism like salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Guizzardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine--Section of Histology, Via Volturno 39, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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Wink MR, Tamajusuku ASK, Braganhol E, Casali EA, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Sarkis JJF, Battastini AMO. Thyroid hormone upregulates ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 in C6 rat glioma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2003; 205:107-14. [PMID: 12890572 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(03)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones have profound effects on the central nervous system, such as proliferation, secretion of growth factors and gene expression regulation. Ecto-NTPDases and ecto-5'-nucleotidase can control the extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, which have been described as proliferation factors. Here, we investigated the influence of T(3) on the enzyme cascade which catalyzes interconversion of purine nucleotides in rat C6 glioma cells. Exposure of C6 cells to T(3) caused a dose dependent increase of 30% in the AMP hydrolysis up to 0.25 nM, which was suppressed by actinomycin. No significant alteration was observed on ATP/ADP hydrolysis and T(4) at higher concentrations (10-1000 nM) promoted an increase in AMP hydrolysis that was not dose dependent. T(3) treatment also increased the expression of CD73 mRNA. Besides the importance of the ecto-5'-NT in the cell proliferation and differentiation, its overexpression can enhance extracellular adenosine levels, which could also be an important proliferation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wink
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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50
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Franke H, Krügel U, Grosche J, Illes P. Immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and P2 receptor expression on astrocytes in vivo. Drug Dev Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.10216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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