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Marchesiello WMV, Spadaccino G, Usman M, Nardiello D, Quinto M. Determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor work environments by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34715-7. [PMID: 39160406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are continuously emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources and rapidly spread from the atmosphere to different environments. A large group of VOCs has been included in the class of air pollutants; therefore, their determination and monitoring using reliable and sensitive analytical methods represents a key aspect of health risk assessment. In this work, an untargeted approach is proposed for the evaluation of the exposure to volatile organic compounds of workers in an engine manufacturing plant by GC-MS measurements, coupled with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The analytical procedure was optimized in terms of SPME fiber, adsorption time, desorption time, and temperature gradient of the chromatographic run. For the microextraction of VOCs, the SPME fibers were exposed to the air in two different zones of the manufacturing factory, i.e., in the mixing painting chamber and the engine painting area. Moreover, the sampling was carried out with the painting system active and running (system on) and with the painting system switched off (system off). Overall, 212 compounds were identified, but only 17 were always present in both zones (mixing painting chamber and engine painting area), regardless of system conditions (on or off). Finally, a semi-quantitative evaluation was performed considering the peak area value of the potentially most toxic compounds by multivariate data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppina Spadaccino
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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2
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Lin J, Gao X, Gong L, Zhang X, Li T, Zhao F, Zeng B. An electrochemically fabricated ZIF-67/[HOEMIM]BF 4 coating for the solid-phase microextraction and detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4883-4891. [PMID: 37712204 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Coatings are considered to play a crucial role in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). In this work, a novel coating named ZIF-67/[HOEMIM]BF4 was fabricated through in situ potentiostatic electrodeposition in methanol solutions containing ZIF-67 precursors and 1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([HOEMIM]BF4). Compared with the traditional solvothermal method, this method reduced the synthesis time and enabled ZIF-67 to grow directly on the surface of stainless-steel wire, effectively simplifying the preparation process and improving the coating reproducibility. Owing to the inherent characteristics such as high porosity and high thermal and mechanical stability, and the impressive morphological regulation and extraction function of [HOEMIM]BF4, the developed coating exhibited a prolonged service life and a better extraction capacity for trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared to single ZIF-67 and commercial fibers. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of the ZIF-67/[HOEMIM]BF4-based SPME-GC method was 0.01-500 μg L-1, and the detection limit was 0.27-5.2 ng L-1. When applied in the determination of PAHs in a real water sample, recoveries between 85.6-117.3% were obtained, indicating the potential of ZIF-67/[HOEMIM]BF4 in the high efficiency SPME and GC analysis of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xuening Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Linbo Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Tianning Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.
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Gebreyohannes BE, Dube S, Nindi MM. Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS. Foods 2023; 12:2594. [PMID: 37444332 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of a mixture of food contaminants, including pesticides, sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, anthelmintics, and aflatoxin B1, in solid biological samples (chicken liver) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (DLLME/LC-HRMS) is presented. Previous work focused on the application of DLLME to single-class contaminants. In this work, the DLLME extraction method has been extended to complex multiresidues in the biological matrix. The first part of this study was the selection of an appropriate solvent that enabled the dissolution of analytes from the chicken livers. The matrix-matched calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 0.5-50.0 µg kg-1 for aflatoxin B1 and 50-500 µg kg-1 for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, with a coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9916-0.9967. The mean recoveries were in the range of 80.4-96.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were in the range of 1.53-8.98%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.03 µg kg-1 and 0.09 µg kg-1, respectively, for aflatoxin B1, and for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, they were in the range of 0.011-1.197 µg kg-1 and 0.150-2.579 µg kg-1, respectively. The developed method was compared with the standard solid phase extraction (SPE) method, and there was no significant difference between the two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belete Eshetu Gebreyohannes
- Department of Chemistry, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South Africa
| | - Simiso Dube
- Department of Chemistry, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South Africa
| | - Mathew Muzi Nindi
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South Africa
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JAGIRANI MS, SOYLAK M. Arsenic speciation by using emerging sample preparation techniques: a review. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:991-1006. [PMID: 38173749 PMCID: PMC10760823 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a hazardous element that causes environmental pollution. Due to its toxicological effects, it is crucial to quantify and minimize the hazardous impact on the ecology. Despite the significant advances in analytical techniques, sample preparation is still crucial for determining target analytes in complex matrices. Several factors affect the direct analysis, such as trace-level analysis, advanced regulatory requirements, complexity of sample matrices, and incompatible with analytical instrumentation. Along with the development in the sample preparation process, microextraction methods play an essential role in the sample preparation process. Microextraction techniques (METs) are the newest green approach that replaces traditional sample preparation and preconcentration methods. METs have minimized the limitation of conventional sample preparation methods while keeping all their benefits. METs improve extraction efficacy, are fast, automated, use less amount of solvents, and are suitable for the environment. Microextraction techniques with less solvent consumption, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) solvent-free methods, and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), are widely used in modern analytical procedures. SPME development focuses on synthesizing new sorbents and applying online sample preparation, whereas LPME research investigates the utilization of new solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqaf JAGIRANI
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R.
China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R.
China
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Kayseri,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa SOYLAK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Technology Research and Application Center (ERUTAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkiye
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara,
Turkiye
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Olia AEA, Mohadesi A, Feizy J. A Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Protocol Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection for the Determination of Ochratoxin in Food Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Metabolite Variation between Nematode and Bacterial Seed Galls in Comparison to Healthy Seeds of Ryegrass Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI-SPME) Coupled with GC-MS. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020828. [PMID: 36677885 PMCID: PMC9864257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) is an often-fatal poisoning of livestock that consume annual ryegrass infected by the bacterium Rathayibacter toxicus. This bacterium is carried into the ryegrass by a nematode, Anguina funesta, and produces toxins within seed galls that develop during the flowering to seed maturity stages of the plant. The actual mechanism of biochemical transformation of healthy seeds to nematode and bacterial gall-infected seeds remains unclear and no clear-cut information is available on what type of volatile organic compounds accumulate in the respective galls. Therefore, to fill this research gap, the present study was designed to analyze the chemical differences among nematode galls (A. funesta), bacterial galls (R. toxicus) and healthy seeds of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) by using direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was optimized and validated by testing its linearity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Fifty-seven compounds were identified from all three sources (nematode galls, bacterial galls and healthy seed), and 48 compounds were found to be present at significantly different (p < 0.05) levels in the three groups. Five volatile organic compounds (hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester), (carbonic acid, but-2-yn-1-yl eicosyl ester), (fumaric acid, 2-ethylhexyl tridec-2-yn-1-yl ester), (oct-3-enoylamide, N-methyl-N-undecyl) and hexacosanoic acid are the most frequent indicators of R. toxicus bacterial infection in ryegrass, whereas the presence of 15-methylnonacosane, 13-methylheptacosane, ethyl hexacosyl ether, heptacosyl acetate and heptacosyl trifluoroacetate indicates A. funesta nematode infestation. Metabolites occurring in both bacterial and nematode galls included batilol (stearyl monoglyceride) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, tetradecyl ester. Among the chemical functional group, esters, fatty acids, and alcohols together contributed more than 70% in healthy seed, whereas this contribution was 61% and 58% in nematode and bacterial galls, respectively. This study demonstrated that DI-SPME is a valid technique to study differentially expressed metabolites in infected and healthy ryegrass seed and may help provide better understanding of the biochemical interactions between plant and pathogen to aid in management of ARGT.
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7
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Vilar EG, O'Sullivan MG, Kerry JP, Kilcawley KN. Volatile organic compounds in beef and pork by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garicano Vilar
- Food Quality & Sensory Science Department Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Science University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | | | - Joseph P. Kerry
- School of Food and Nutritional Science University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Kieran N. Kilcawley
- Food Quality & Sensory Science Department Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Science University College Cork Cork Ireland
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Fortier D, Séguin JC, Voyer N. Characterization of the Volatilome of Tuber canaliculatum Harvested in Quebec, Canada. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29038-29045. [PMID: 36033704 PMCID: PMC9404485 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first detailed characterization of volatile compounds from Tuber canaliculatum, a truffle newly grown in Quebec, Canada, was performed with headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 30 compounds were identified, making up more than 98% of the volatile extract. The volatilome of T. canaliculatum is dominated by (E)-1-methylthio-1-propene, (Z)-1-methylthio-1-propene, dimethyl disulfide, and 1-octen-3-ol. It also includes six compounds identified for the first time in truffles, namely, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, pentyl propanoate, (Z)-1-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl)disulfide, (E)-1-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-1-yl)disulfide, (Z)-1-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl)trisulfide, and (E)-1-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-1-yl)trisulfide. With the growing interest in gastronomy in truffles in North America, it is becoming important to gather knowledge for identification purposes and to delineate the key volatile compounds responsible for the aroma of North American truffles, especially the newly harvested T. canaliculatum.
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Separation and Enrichment of Selected Polar and Non-Polar Organic Micro-Pollutants—The Dual Nature of Quaternary Ammonium Ionic Liquid. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dual nature of quaternary ammonium ionic liquid–didecyldimethylammonium perchlorate, [DDA][ClO4], was evaluated. A novel and sensitive in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method (in situ IL-DLLME) combined with magnetic retrieval (MR) was applied to enrich and separate selected organic micro-pollutants, both polar and non-polar. The magnetic support relied on using unmodified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared by the co-precipitation of Fe2+/Fe3+ (Fe3O4). The separation technique was on-lined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC–DAD) verified by inverse gas chromatography. An anion exchanger, NaClO4, was added to form an in situ hydrophobic IL. The fine droplets of [DDA][ClO4], molded in aqueous samples, functioned as an extractant for isolating the studied compounds. Then the carrier MNPs were added to separate the IL from the water matrix. The supernatant-free sample was desorbed in acetonitrile (MeCN) and injected into the HPLC system. The applicability of [DDA][ClO4] as an extraction solvent in the MR in situ IL-DLLME method was checked by the selectivity parameters (Sij∞) at infinite dilution. The detection limit (LOD) ranged from 0.011 to 0.079 µg L−1 for PAHs and from 0.012 to 0.020 µg L−1 for benzophenones. The method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (r2) ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999.
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Rahimian F, Soleimani E. A Review of Extraction Methods and Analytical Techniques for Styrene and its Metabolites in Biological Matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5440. [PMID: 35778991 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the toxicokinetics of styrene to introduce reliable surrogates for biological monitoring of styrene workers. Also, extraction techniques and analytical methods for styrene and its metabolites have been discussed. Sample preparation is the main bottleneck of the analytical techniques for styrene and its metabolites. While some microextraction methods have been developed to overcome such drawbacks, some still have limitations such as long extraction time, fiber swelling and breakage, and the cost and the limited lifetime of the fiber. Among all, microextraction by packed sorbents coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (MEPS-HPLC-UV) can be the method of choice for determining styrene metabolites. Few studies investigated unchanged styrene in breath samples. Chemical determination in exhaled breath provides new insights into organ toxicity in workers with inhalation exposures and can be considered as a fascinating tool in risk assessment strategies. Taking blood samples is invasive and less accepted by workers than other samples. In contrast, breath analysis is the most attractive method for workers because breath samples are easy to collect and non-invasive, and does not require worker transfer to health facilities. Therefore, developing selective and sensitive methods for determining styrene in breath samples is recommended for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rahimian
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Soleimani
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Díaz‐Álvarez M, Martín‐Esteban A, Turiel E. Evaluation of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as comonomer in the preparation of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazinic herbicides. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:2356-2365. [PMID: 35478484 PMCID: PMC9546259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation and evaluation of water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for triazines using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid as comonomers is described. Four sets of molecularly imprinted and non-imprinted polymers for propazine were prepared at varying monomer molar ratios (from 4:0 to 1:3), and evaluated for the recognition of several triazines directly in aqueous media. The evaluation was performed by loading 1 mL of an aqueous solution containing 500 ng of each selected triazine, washing with 500 μL of acetonitrile, and eluting with 500 μL of methanol followed by 2 × 500 μL of a solution of methanol containing 10% of acetic acid. Final determinations were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Improvement in molecular recognition of triazines in water was obtained on those molecularly imprinted polymers incorporating 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in 3:1 or 2:2 molar ratios, being the former selected as optimum providing recoveries for propazine up to 80%. A molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction protocol was developed to ensure that triazines-selective recognition takes place inside selective binding sites in pure water media. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of the selected triazines in environmental waters providing limits of detection from 0.16 and the 0.5 μg/L concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther Turiel
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y AgronomíaINIA‐CSICMadridSpain
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12
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Magnetic Nanomaterials and Nanostructures in Sample Preparation Prior to Liquid Chromatography. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures compose an innovative subject in sample preparation. Most of them are designed according to the properties of the target analytes on each occasion. The unique characteristics of nanomaterials enhance the proficiency at extracting and enriching due to their selective adsorption ability as well as easy separation and surface modification. Their remarkable properties, such as superparamagnetism, biocompatibility and selectivity have established magnetic materials as very reliable options in sample preparation approaches. In order to comprehend the range of utilization at magnetic materials and nanostructures, this review aims to present the most notable examples in sample preparation prior to liquid chromatography (LC) to the community of analytical chemists. Primarily, the review describes the principles of the techniques in which the magnetic materials are utilized and leaned on. Additionally, there is a diligent report about the novel magnetic techniques and finally a comparison to demonstrate the total point of view.
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Dugheri S, Mucci N, Cappelli G, Trevisani L, Bonari A, Bucaletti E, Squillaci D, Arcangeli G. Advanced Solid-Phase Microextraction Techniques and Related Automation: A Review of Commercially Available Technologies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:8690569. [PMID: 35154846 PMCID: PMC8837452 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8690569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The solid-phase microextraction (SPME), invented by Pawliszyn in 1989, today has a renewed and growing use and interest in the scientific community with fourteen techniques currently available on the market. The miniaturization of traditional sample preparation devices fulfills the new request of an environmental friendly analytical chemistry. The recent upswing of these solid-phase microextraction technologies has brought new availability and range of robotic automation. The microextraction solutions propose today on the market can cover a wide variety of analytical fields and applications. This review reports on the state-of-the-art innovative solid-phase microextraction techniques, especially those used for chromatographic separation and mass-spectrometric detection, given the recent improvements in availability and range of automation techniques. The progressively implemented solid-phase microextraction techniques and related automated commercially available devices are classified and described to offer a valuable tool to summarize their potential combinations to face all the laboratories requirements in terms of analytical applications, robustness, sensitivity, and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Dugheri
- Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Laboratory, University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cappelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Trevisani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Bucaletti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Donato Squillaci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yarita T, Hasegawa A, Tada H. Applicability of Superheated Water Extraction for the Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Leafy Vegetables. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1625-1628. [PMID: 33867400 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Superheated water extraction (SWE) of pesticide residues in a cabbage sample was demonstrated. The recovery yields of several relatively polar pesticides (log Pow < 3) by the spike-and-recovery method at 100°C were acceptable. Increasing the extraction temperature up to 150°C led to enhanced extraction efficiency except for pesticides that induced degradation. The recovery yields of some target pesticides having log Pow values of 3.5 - 4 were effectively enhanced by increasing the number of extraction cycles. The observed concentration of fenitrothion in a cabbage sample was comparable with those by the official Japanese analytical method. These results suggested SWE is potentially suitable for the extraction of different relatively high-to-medium polarity pesticides.
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15
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A comprehensive review on microextraction techniques for sampling and analysis of fuel ether oxygenates in different matrices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Fu L, Chen Q, Chen J, Ren L, Tang L, Shan W. Magnetic carbon nanotubes-molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with HPLC for selective enrichment and determination of ferulic acid in traditional Chinese medicine and biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122870. [PMID: 34416676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) as carrier was synthesized and used for the enrichment and determination of ferulic acid (FA) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology and structure of the FA magnetic carbon nanotubes-molecularly imprinted polymers (MCNTs@FA-MIPs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that the prepared MCNTs@FA-MIPs had excellent magnetic properties and uniform appearance. The adsorption properties of the novel MIP were studied by kinetic, and isothermal adsorption experiments. The results showed that the MCNTs@FA-MIPs exhibited relatively good uptake kinetics (equilibrium time, 2 h), high adsorption capacity (50 mg⋅g-1), fast separation, and good selectivity for the template molecule with a separation factor α of 1.73. The MCNTs@FA-MIPs combined with HPLC were successfully applied to the separation, enrichment, and determination of FA in a Ligusticum chuanxiong extract and in plasma of rats which had been administered with Taitai beauty essence. The recoveries for FA were 95.53-100.03 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.5%. The results confirmed that the proposed MCNTs@FA-MIPs offered efficient extraction of FA from traditional Chinese medicinal preparations and blood samples and with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liqin Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Lan Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Weiguang Shan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164900. [PMID: 34443488 PMCID: PMC8399500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cosmetics and personal care products is increasing worldwide. Their high matrix complexity, together with the wide range of products currently marketed under different forms imply a challenge for their analysis, most of them requiring a sample pre-treatment step before analysis. Classical sample preparation methodologies involve large amounts of organic solvents as well as multiple steps resulting in large time consumption. Therefore, in recent years, the trends have been moved towards the development of simple, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methodologies in two ways: (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction in the consumption of solvents and reagents; and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents. This review provides an overview of analytical methodology during the last ten years, placing special emphasis on sample preparation to analyse cosmetics and personal care products. The use of liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction (LLE, SLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), matrix solid-phase extraction (MSPD), and liquid- and sorbent-based microextraction techniques will be reviewed. The most recent advances and future trends including the development of new materials and green solvents will be also addressed.
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Tsai PC, Pundi A, Brindhadevi K, Ponnusamy VK. Novel semi-automated graphene nanosheets based pipette-tip assisted micro-solid phase extraction as eco-friendly technique for the rapid detection of emerging environmental pollutant in waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130031. [PMID: 33690040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new semi-automated syringe infusion-pump assisted graphene nanosheets (GNSs) based pipette-tip micro-solid phase extraction (PT-μSPE) as a green sample preparation technique was demonstrated for the sensitive analysis of emerging environmental pollutant in environmental waters using HPLC-UV. Microwave-assisted synthesized GNSs powder was packed into a 100 μL pipette-tip (as PT-μSPE cartridge) connected with a commercial plastic syringe (contains water sample). This setup was attached to a programmable auto-syringe infusion pump for the GNSs-PT-μSPE process. Triclosan (TCS) is an emerging environmental pollutant chosen as a target analyte to examine the extraction capacity and feasibility of GNSs as a sorbent material for PT-μSPE. Parameters affecting the extraction capability were systematically evaluated and thoroughly optimized. At optimized experimental parameters, excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9979) was achieved over the concentration range of 2-250 ng mL-1 for TCS, with a detection limit of 0.5 ng mL-1. Applicability of the presented method was examined with real water samples, and extraction recoveries obtained were ranged between 94.6-102.4% with RSD less than 7.8%. The presented protocol is a simple, semi-automated, eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient sample pretreatment technique for quick analysis of TCS in environmental wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Arul Pundi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Zhang Y, Lin L, Li Y, Zeng Q, Guo S, Nkinahamira F, Yu CP, Sun Q. Determination of 38 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water by lyophilization combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:299-310. [PMID: 33399138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, effective, and low-cost method was developed for the determination of 38 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), including 19 antibiotics in surface water samples by lyophilization combined with liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The components of the extraction solvent, the volume of the water sample, and the volume of extraction solvent were successively optimized. The analytes in 80 mL water samples were concentrated by lyophilization, eluted effectively by the solvent of 2 mL acetonitrile, 2 mL acetone, and 2 mL ultrapure water. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 ng L-1 (caffeine) to 0.17 μg L-1 (glibenclamide). The recoveries of 30 analytes ranged from 40.0% (sulfaguanidine) to 124.4% (flumequine). The relative standard deviations of all analytes were below 21% except ciprofloxacin (29%). The performance of the optimized method was comparable to the solid phase extraction and ultrasonic extraction method with much less consumption of labor, organic solvent, and consumables. The developed method was successfully applied to surface river water, reservoir water, and effluent of the wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Jagirani MS, Soylak M. A review: Recent advances in solid phase microextraction of toxic pollutants using nanotechnology scenario. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Jagirani MS, Soylak M. Review: Microextraction Technique Based New Trends in Food Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:968-999. [PMID: 33253048 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1846491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Food chemistry is the study and classification of the quality and origin of foods. The identification of definite biomarkers and the determination of residue contaminants such as toxins, pesticides, metals, human and veterinary drugs, which are a very common source of food-borne diseases. The food analysis is continuously demanding the improvement of more robust, sensitive, highly efficient, and economically beneficial analytical approaches to promise the traceability, safety, and quality of foods in the acquiescence with the consumers and legislation demands. The traditional methods have been used at the starting of the 20th century based on wet chemical methods. Now it existing the powerful analytical techniques used in food analysis and safety. This development has led to substantial enhancements in the analytical accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, thereby mounting the applied range of food applications. In the present decade, microextraction (micro-scale extraction) pays more attention due to its futures such as low consumption of solvent and sample, throughput analysis easy to operate, greener, robotics, and miniaturization, different adsorbents have been used in the microextraction process with unique nature recognized with wide range applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Saqaf Jagirani
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Vicente-Martínez Y, Caravaca M, Soto-Meca A. Non-chromatographic speciation of arsenic by successive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and in situ formation of an ionic liquid in water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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23
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Li X, Lan H, Hartonen K, Jussila M, Wang X, Riekkola ML. Layered double hydroxide/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) coated solid phase microextraction Arrow for the determination of volatile organic compounds in water. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3285-3293. [PMID: 32506760 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Today, wide variety of adsorbents have been developed for sample pretreatment to concentrate and separate harmful substances. However, only a few solid phase microextraction Arrow adsorbents are commercially available. In this study, we developed a new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating, in which nanosheets layered double hydroxides and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) were utilized as the extraction phase and poly(vinyl chloride) as the adhesive. This new coating entailed higher extraction capacity for several volatile organic compounds (allyl methyl sulfide, methyl propyl sulfide, 3-pentanone, 2-butanone, and methyl isobutyl ketone) compared to the commercial Carboxen 1000/polydimethylsiloxane coating. Fabrication parameters for the coating were optimized and extraction and desorption conditions were investigated. The validation of the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating was accomplished using water sample spiked with volatile organic compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of quantification for the five volatile organic compounds by the new solid phase microextraction Arrow coating and developed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method were in the range of 0.2-4.6 ng/mL. The proposed method was briefly applied for enrichment of volatile organic compounds in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Li
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hangzhen Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hartonen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jussila
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Marja-Liisa Riekkola
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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da Silva WA, Feiteira FN, Francisco JE, Toloza CAT, Aucélio RQ, Pacheco WF. Pre-concentration of rosuvastatin using solid-phase extraction in a molecularly imprinted polymer and analytical application in water supply. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11724-11735. [PMID: 31975002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is shown the development and validation of innovative analytical methodology based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) as a sorbent associated to UV-Vis spectroscopy to isolate and quantify, respectively, rosuvastatin (RSV) in water samples. For this purpose, porogenic solvent in MIP synthesis and SPE extraction parameters for MIP and non-imprinted polymers (NIP) were evaluated univariately for comparison purposes. The sorptive capacity and characterization studies by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy showed difference between MIP and NIP. The selectivity study of the MIP-RSV against other statins (simvastatin and atorvastatin) showed that the synthesized MIP can also be applied as a solid phase for isolation and quantitative pre-concentration of RSV and atorvastatin. The conjugation of SPE and UV-Vis spectroscopy in the determination of RSV in aqueous matrices led to large factor of pre-concentration (125 times), limit of detection (LOD) of 3 μg L-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10 μg L-1, precision of 2.87% (n = 10), and accuracy of 83.1% (n = 4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson A da Silva
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (CEFET-RJ), Campus Petrópolis, Coordenação de Licenciatura em Física, Petrópolis, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda N Feiteira
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Janaína E Francisco
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carlos A T Toloza
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Q Aucélio
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner F Pacheco
- Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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25
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Shi Z, Huai Q, Li X, Ma H, Zhou C, Chu X, Zhang H. Combination of Counter Current Salting-Out Homogenous Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Environmental Estrogens in Water Samples. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:171-177. [PMID: 31687739 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, counter current salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction was combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of environmental estrogens in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. In this method, initially, sodium chloride was filled into a syringe and a mixture of water sample and acetonitrile was driven to pass through the syringe. Due to salting-out effect, fine droplets of acetonitrile went up through the remaining mixture and aggregated as a separated layer on the top. Then, the collected organic phase (acetonitrile) was removed with a syringe and mixed with carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent). In the second step, the mixed organic phase was rapidly injected into 5 mL of distilled water to further enrich the analytes. Good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 2.0~200 ng/mL for diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 8.0~200 ng/mL for octylphenol (OP), respectively. Limits of detection were 0.09 ng/mL for DES and 0.20 ng/mL for OP, respectively. Relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 2.1 and 3.1%, respectively. Finally, the established method was successfully applied to determine DES and OP in river water, well water, bottled water and campus drinking water samples with recoveries in the range from 81.0 to 105.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Qingru Huai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Xinye Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Can Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, 180 Wusi East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071002, China
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26
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Ruan X, Xing L, Peng J, Li S, Song Y, Sun Q. A simplified fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of amphetamine drugs in water samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10854-10866. [PMID: 35492944 PMCID: PMC9050397 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices. Also, it has very high chemical stability. Therefore, we used fabric phase sorptive extraction to analyze three amphetamine drugs (amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MAM), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in water. This was coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of different sorbent chemistries such as sorption time, ratios of back-extraction solvents, back-extraction time, and the salt effect on the extraction efficiency were studied; the optimum operation conditions were determined. Medium polarity polar polymer-coated FPSE media were created using short-chain poly (tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF). This is the most efficient extraction media for the analytes of interest. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the three amphetamine drugs were 0.1–150.0 (AM, MAM) and 0.5–200 ng mL−1 (MDMA). The correlation coefficients (γ) were 0.9947 (AM), 0.9925 (MAM), and 0.9918 (MDMA). The detection limits (LOD) were 0.025 ng mL−1 for AM, 0.029 ng mL−1 for MAM, and 0.01 ng mL−1 for MDMA. The corresponding limit of quantification values (LOQ) were 0.083 ng mL−1, 0.097 ng mL−1, and 0.031 ng mL−1, respectively. The recoveries were 73.4–91.6%, 82.6–95.4%, and 92.7–95.3%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.65–6.88%, 1.38–6.11%, and 1.58–7.34%, respectively. Moreover, our method can be successfully applied for the analysis of amphetamines in wastewater samples, and at the same time, lays the foundation for the future detection of such substances. Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ruan
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Limei Xing
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Ju Peng
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Shiying Li
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Yiqun Song
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Criminal Investigation Police University of China
- China
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Agus BAP, Hussain N, Selamat J. Quantification of PAH4 in roasted cocoa beans using QuEChERS and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) coupled with HPLC-FLD. Food Chem 2019; 303:125398. [PMID: 31470272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Roasting is an important process in cocoa production which may lead to formation of non-desirable compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, PAH4 (sum of four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene) in roasted cocoa beans was determined using a modified method (combination of QuEChERS and DLLME), and quantified by HPLC-FLD. The modified method was validated and met the performance criteria required by the EU Regulation (No. 836/2011). Results show a significant (p < 0.05) increase of PAH4 (0.19-7.73 ng/g) with an increase in temperatures (110-190 °C) and duration (10-50 min). The PAHs content in whole cocoa bean roasting was detected even at the lowest temperature (110 °C) compared to nib roasting detected at 150 °C which indicates that PAHs was transferred from dried shells to roasted cocoa beans during the roasting process. The data obtained may help to control and minimize PAH4 formation during cocoa processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizura Aya Putri Agus
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Norhayati Hussain
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agricultural and Food Security, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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29
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Yih Hui B, Mohamad Zain NN, Mohamad S, Mohamed Fauzi H, Alias Y, Chandrasekaram K, Rahim NY, Yahaya N, Raoov M. Determination of Aromatic Amines in Urine using Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis: A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Yih Hui
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hafizuddin Mohamed Fauzi
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumuthini Chandrasekaram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Yani Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCIL), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Gjelstad A. Three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction and parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Wang Q, Chen R, Shatner W, Cao Y, Bai Y. State-of-the-art on the technique of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:369-377. [PMID: 30377081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is a new sample pretreatment technology based on traditional liquid liquid extraction. In this paper, the application of low-toxicity extractants such as low-density extractants, auxiliary extractants, stripping agents and ionic liquids in this technology and the extraction modes such as solvent de-emulsification, suspension extractant curing, auxiliary extraction, back extraction, and ionic liquid-dispersion liquid microextraction, are summarized. In addition, the synergism of this technique with other sample preparation techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangfeng Wang
- College of Electromechanical, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Renji Chen
- Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, TianTan-XiLi the 4th, DongCheng District, BeiJing 100050, China.
| | - William Shatner
- Jiaotong Institute, A0E 2Z0: Monkstown, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Electromechanical, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Electromechanical, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
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Mokhtar HI, Abdel-Salam RA, Hadad GM. Tolerance intervals modeling for design space of a salt assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of trimethoprim and six common sulfonamide antibiotics in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1586:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sajid M, Khaled Nazal M, Rutkowska M, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J, Płotka-Wasylka J. Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:271-288. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1517035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Khaled Nazal
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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35
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Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Salvador A. Current trends on the determination of organic UV filters in environmental water samples based on microextraction techniques – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:22-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Wu YJ, Li YS, Tseng WL, Lu CY. Microextraction combined with microderivatization for drug monitoring and protein modification analysis from limited blood volume using mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7405-7414. [PMID: 30191273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the clinic, ethosuximide is commonly used to treat generalized absence seizures but has recently been repurposed for other diseases. Because of adverse effects and drug interactions, high-throughput therapeutic drug monitoring of ethosuximide is necessary. Microextraction is a simple, effective, rapid, and low consumption of organic solvents method for sample preparation. In this study, microderivatization-increased detection (MDID)-combined microextraction was used to detect ethosuximide by mass spectrometry. Ethosuximide is a difficult to retain and ionize compound in the C18 nano-flow column and ionization interface, respectively. Hence, we developed a fast method for detecting ethosuximide in human plasma by using the MDID strategy (within 2 min). Chemical microderivatization parameters were studied and optimized to increase the sensitivity of ethosuximide detection at trace levels. The linear range for the analysis of ethosuximide in 10 μL plasma was 5-500 μg/mL with a coefficient of determination (r2) ≥ 0.995. The precision and accuracy of intraday and interday analyses of ethosuximide were below 13.0%. Furthermore, modifications of major proteins in plasma and blood cells, induced by ethosuximide, were identified. The proposed method effectively utilizes microliter samples to detect drug plasma concentrations under suitable microextraction procedures toward the eco-friendly goal of low consumption of organic solvents. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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37
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Belinato JR, Dias FFG, Caliman JD, Augusto F, Hantao LW. Opportunities for green microextractions in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography / mass spectrometry-based metabolomics - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:1-18. [PMID: 30327098 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Microextractions have become an attractive class of techniques for metabolomics. The most popular technique is solid-phase microextraction that revolutionized the field of modern sample preparation in the early nineties. Ever since this milestone, microextractions have taken on many principles and formats comprising droplets, fibers, membranes, needles, and blades. Sampling devices may be customized to impart exhaustive or equilibrium-based characteristics to the extraction method. Equilibrium-based approaches may rely on additional methods for calibration, such as diffusion-based or on-fiber kinetic calibration to improve bioanalysis. In addition, microextraction-based methods may enable minimally invasive sampling protocols and measure the average free concentration of analytes in heterogeneous multiphasic biological systems. On-fiber derivatization has evidenced new opportunities for targeted and untargeted analysis in metabolomics. All these advantages have highlighted the potential of microextraction techniques for in vivo and on-site sampling and sample preparation, while many opportunities are still available for laboratory protocols. In this review, we outline and discuss some of the most recent applications using microextractions techniques for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-based metabolomics, including potential research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- João R Belinato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F G Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline D Caliman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Bioanalysis (INCTBio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro W Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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38
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Effects of Pulse Interval and Dosing Flux on Cells Varying the Relative Velocity of Micro Droplets and Culture Solution. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdroplet dosing to cell on a chip could meet the demand of narrow diffusion distance, controllable pulse dosing and less impact to cells. In this work, we studied the diffusion process of microdroplet cell pulse dosing in the three-layer sandwich structure of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)/PCTE (polycarbonate) microporous membrane/PDMS chip. The mathematical model is established to solve the diffusion process and the process of rhodamine transfer to micro-traps is simulated. The rhodamine mass fraction distribution, pressure field and velocity field around the microdroplet and cell surfaces are analyzed for further study of interdiffusion and convective diffusion effect. The cell pulse dosing time and drug delivery efficiency could be controlled by adjusting microdroplet and culture solution velocity without impairing cells at micro-traps. Furthermore, the accuracy and controllability of the cell dosing pulse time and maximum drug mass fraction on cell surfaces are achieved and the drug effect on cells could be analyzed more precisely especially for neuron cell dosing.
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Rykowska I, Ziemblińska J, Nowak I. Modern approaches in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) based on ionic liquids: A review. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Łuczyńska G, Pena-Pereira F, Tobiszewski M, Namieśnik J. Expectation-Maximization Model for Substitution of Missing Values Characterizing Greenness of Organic Solvents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061292. [PMID: 29843437 PMCID: PMC6100055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic solvents are ubiquitous in chemical laboratories and the Green Chemistry trend forces their detailed assessments in terms of greenness. Unfortunately, some of them are not fully characterized, especially in terms of toxicological endpoints that are time consuming and expensive to be determined. Missing values in the datasets are serious obstacles, as they prevent the full greenness characterization of chemicals. A featured method to deal with this problem is the application of Expectation-Maximization algorithm. In this study, the dataset consists of 155 solvents that are characterized by 13 variables is treated with Expectation-Maximization algorithm to predict missing data for toxicological endpoints, bioavailability, and biodegradability data. The approach may be particularly useful for substitution of missing values of environmental, health, and safety parameters of new solvents. The presented approach has high potential to deal with missing values, while assessing environmental, health, and safety parameters of other chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Łuczyńska
- Division of Applied Mathematics and Probability, Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Gdansk, 8 J. Bażyńskiego St., 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Marek Tobiszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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41
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Miralles P, Chisvert A, Alonso MJ, Hernandorena S, Salvador A. Determination of free formaldehyde in cosmetics containing formaldehyde-releasing preservatives by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1543:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Benedé JL, Anderson JL, Chisvert A. Trace determination of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters by magnetic ionic liquid-based stir bar dispersive liquid microextraction. Talanta 2018; 176:253-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Development and Validation of Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Pharmaceuticals in Different Food Samples Combining On-line and Off-line Sample Enrichment Techniques. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Bilal M, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Ali J, Baig JA, Arain MB, Khan M. A new tunable dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction method developed for the simultaneous preconcentration of lead and cadmium from lakes water: a multivariate study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:417-424. [PMID: 28475983 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A green tunable dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction (TDLLME) technique was established for the simultaneous enrichment of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from different lakes water before analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). A solvent known as tunable polarity solvent (TPS), mixture of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1-decanol, has been employed as extractant in aqueous medium. In first step this mixture can be made polar by slowly bubbling the antisolvent trigger (CO2) through the solution, which makes a monophasic solution. During this step hydrophobic complexes of the metals with 8-hydroxy quinoline (8-HQ) were extracted by TPS. Then the mixture was switched back to hydrophobic one by heating and/or bubbling nitrogen, turning the mixture into two phases again. In second phase the metals were leached out from the complexes entrapped in TPS, by treating with a solution of nitric acid and exposing the mixture to CO2, which switched the mixture into single phase. Then N2 purging and/or heating again turned the mixture into two phases. The acidic aqueous phase containing the metals was introduced to FAAS for analysis, whereas TPS was recycled for next experiment. Different parameters, affecting the efficiency the technique, were optimized by multivariate approach. The method was applied to certified reference material of water and to a real sample spiked with standards of known concentration, to confirm its validity and accuracy. LOD obtained for Pb and Cd were 0.560 and 0.056μgL-1 respectively. The developed method was applied successfully to the real water samples of two lakes of Sindh, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Khan
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
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45
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Arain MS, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Ali J, Akhtar A. Ultrasonic energy enhanced the efficiency of advance extraction methodology for enrichment of trace level of copper in serum samples of patients having neurological disorders. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 37:23-28. [PMID: 28427628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An innovative dual dispersive ionic liquid based on ultrasound assisted microextraction (UDIL-μE), for the enrichment of trace levels of copper ion (Cu2+), in serum (blood) of patients suffering from different neurological disorders. The enriched metal ions were subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In the UDIL-μE method, the extraction solvent, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C4mim][PF6], was dispersed into the aqueous samples using an ultrasonic bath. The(PAN) 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol was used as ligand for the complexation of Cu ion in IL (as extracting solvent). The various variables such as sonication time, pH, concentration of complexing agent, time and rate of centrifugation, IL volume that affect the extraction process were optimized. The enhancement factor (EF) and detection limit (LOD) was found under favorable condition was 31 and 0.36μgL-1, respectively. Reliability of the proposed method was checked by relative standard deviation (%RSD), which was found to be <5%. The accuracy of developed procedure was assured by using certified reference material (CRM) of blood serum. The developed procedure was applied successfully to the analysis of concentration of Cu ion in blood serum of different neurological disorders subjects and referents of same age group. It was observed that the levels of Cu ion was two folds higher in serum samples of neurological disorders patients as related to normal referents of same age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam S Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem G Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan I Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Akhtar
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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46
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Mirparizi E, Rajabi M, Bazregar M, Asghari A. Centrifugeless dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on salting-out phenomenon as an efficient method for determination of phenolic compounds in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3007-3016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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47
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Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Peiró M, Pedrón I, Salvador A. Determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography. Talanta 2017; 166:81-86. [PMID: 28213263 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a very harmful compound not allowed in cosmetic products, is presented. The method is based on a new approach of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) useful for extraction of highly polar compounds, called reversed-phase DLLME (RP-DLLME), followed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible (LC-UV/Vis) determination. The variables involved in the RP-DLLME process were studied to provide the best enrichment factors. Under the optimized conditions, a mixture of 750µL of acetone (disperser solvent) and 125µL of water (extraction solvent) was rapidly injected into 5mL of toluene sample solution. The extracts were injected into the LC-UV/Vis system using ammonium acetate 0.02M as mobile phase. After chromatographic separation, the eluate passed throughout a photolysis unit in order to convert NDELA to nitrite, and then it was merged with a flow stream of Griess Reagent and passed throughout a post-column reactor at 50°C to derivatize nitrite into an azo-dye, which was finally measured spectrophotometrically at 540nm. The method was successfully validated showing good linearity, an enrichment factor of 31.5±0.9, limits of detection and quantification of 1.1 and 3.6ngmL-1, respectively, and a good repeatability (RSD <8%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was applied to the determination of NDELA in commercial cosmetic samples of different nature, specifically three lipophilic creams and a hydrophilic shower gel, with good relative recovery values (87 - 117%) thus showing that matrix effects are negligible. These results were compared with those obtained by applying the ISO 10130 official method, which uses the same detection approach. It was concluded that a great improvement in the sensitivity was achieved, whereas the use of organochlorine solvents is avoided and therefore it can be considered as a greener approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Peiró
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Pedrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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48
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Recent Advances in the Combination of Assisted Extraction Techniques. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Barahona F, Díaz-Álvarez M, Turiel E, Martín-Esteban A. Molecularly imprinted polymer-coated hollow fiber membrane for the microextraction of triazines directly from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1442:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Mohammed G, Bashammakh A, Alsibaai A, Alwael H, El-Shahawi M. A critical overview on the chemistry, clean-up and recent advances in analysis of biogenic amines in foodstuffs. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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