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Liu J, Lin M, Han P, Yao G, Jiang H. Biosynthesis Progress of High-Energy-Density Liquid Fuels Derived from Terpenes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:706. [PMID: 38674649 PMCID: PMC11052473 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-energy-density liquid fuels (HED fuels) are essential for volume-limited aerospace vehicles and could serve as energetic additives for conventional fuels. Terpene-derived HED biofuel is an important research field for green fuel synthesis. The direct extraction of terpenes from natural plants is environmentally unfriendly and costly. Designing efficient synthetic pathways in microorganisms to achieve high yields of terpenes shows great potential for the application of terpene-derived fuels. This review provides an overview of the current research progress of terpene-derived HED fuels, surveying terpene fuel properties and the current status of biosynthesis. Additionally, we systematically summarize the engineering strategies for biosynthesizing terpenes, including mining and engineering terpene synthases, optimizing metabolic pathways and cell-level optimization, such as the subcellular localization of terpene synthesis and adaptive evolution. This article will be helpful in providing insight into better developing terpene-derived HED fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Man Lin
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644005, China
| | - Penggang Han
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Ge Yao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China; (J.L.)
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Huang G, Li J, Lin J, Duan C, Yan G. Multi-modular metabolic engineering and efflux engineering for enhanced lycopene production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae015. [PMID: 38621758 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Lycopene has been widely used in the food industry and medical field due to its antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, achieving efficient manufacture of lycopene using chassis cells on an industrial scale remains a major challenge. Herein, we attempted to integrate multiple metabolic engineering strategies to establish an efficient and balanced lycopene biosynthetic system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the lycopene synthesis pathway was modularized to sequentially enhance the metabolic flux of the mevalonate pathway, the acetyl-CoA supply module, and lycopene exogenous enzymatic module. The modular operation enabled the efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA to downstream pathway of lycopene synthesis, resulting in a 3.1-fold increase of lycopene yield. Second, we introduced acetate as an exogenous carbon source and utilized an acetate-repressible promoter to replace the natural ERG9 promoter. This approach not only enhanced the supply of acetyl-CoA but also concurrently diminished the flux toward the competitive ergosterol pathway. As a result, a further 42.3% increase in lycopene production was observed. Third, we optimized NADPH supply and mitigated cytotoxicity by overexpressing ABC transporters to promote lycopene efflux. The obtained strain YLY-PDR11 showed a 12.7-fold increase in extracellular lycopene level compared to the control strain. Finally, the total lycopene yield reached 343.7 mg/L, which was 4.3 times higher than that of the initial strain YLY-04. Our results demonstrate that combining multi-modular metabolic engineering with efflux engineering is an effective approach to improve the production of lycopene. This strategy can also be applied to the overproduction of other desirable isoprenoid compounds with similar synthesis and storage patterns in S. cerevisiae. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY In this research, lycopene production in yeast was markedly enhanced by integrating a multi-modular approach, acetate signaling-based down-regulation of competitive pathways, and an efflux optimization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Huang
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- C entre for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Gu L, Zhang R, Fan X, Wang Y, Ma K, Jiang J, Li G, Wang H, Fan F, Zhang X. Development of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing Tools for Polyploid Yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii and Its Application in Engineering Heterologous Steroid-Producing Strains. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2947-2960. [PMID: 37816156 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a suite of efficient CRISPR/Cas9 tools was developed to overcome the genetic manipulation challenges posed by the polyploid genome of industrial yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii. The developed CRISPR/Cas9 system can achieve a 100% single-gene knockdown efficiency in strain NBRC0988. Moreover, the integration of a single exogenous gene into the target locus using a 50 bp homology arm achieved near-100% efficiency. The efficiency of simultaneous integration of three genes into the chromosome is strongly influenced by the length of the homology arm, with the highest integration efficiency of 62.5% obtained when selecting a homology arm of about 500 bp. By utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system, this study demonstrated the potential of C. jadinii in producing heterologous sterols. Through shake-flask fermentation, the engineered strains produced 92.1 and 81.8 mg/L of campesterol and cholesterol, respectively. Furthermore, the production levels of these two sterols were further enhanced through high-cell-density fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor. The highest titer of campesterol reached 807 mg/L [biomass OD600 = 294, productivity of 6.73 mg/(L·h)]. The titer of cholesterol reached 1.52 g/L [biomass OD600 = 380, productivity of 9.06 mg/(L·h)], marking the first gram-scale production of steroidal compounds in C. jadinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Gu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuqian Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, 409 Glorious Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyu Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 of 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, 409 Glorious Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Gen Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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Wang J, Li Y, Jiang W, Hu J, Gu Z, Xu S, Zhang L, Ding Z, Chen W, Shi G. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPH499 for Overproduction of Geranylgeraniol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37311098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of supply and conversion efficiency of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is important for enhancing geranylgeraniol (GGOH) production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, first, a strain producing 26.92 ± 1.59 mg/g of dry cell weight squalene was constructed with overexpression of all genes of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, and an engineered strain producing 597.12 mg/L GGOH at the shake flask level was obtained. Second, through additional expression of PaGGPPs-ERG20 and PaGGPPs-DPP1, and downregulating expression of ERG9, the GGOH titer was increased to 1221.96 mg/L. Then, a NADH HMG-CoA reductase from Silicibacter pomeroyi (SpHMGR) was introduced to alleviate the high dependence of the strain upon NADPH, and the GGOH production was further increased to 1271.14 mg/L. Finally, the GGOH titer reached 6.33 g/L after optimizing the fed-batch fermentation method in a 5 L bioreactor, with a 24.9% improvement from the previous report. This study might accelerate the process of developing S. cerevisiae cell factories for diterpenoid and tetraterpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Researcher Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Wegat V, Fabarius JT, Sieber V. Synthetic methylotrophic yeasts for the sustainable fuel and chemical production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:113. [PMID: 36273178 PMCID: PMC9587593 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Global energy-related emissions, in particular carbon dioxide, are rapidly increasing. Without immediate and strong reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C and thus mitigating climate change is beyond reach. In addition to the expansion of renewable energies and the increase in energy efficiency, the so-called Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies represent an innovative approach for closing the carbon cycle and establishing a circular economy. One option is to combine CO2 capture with microbial C1 fermentation. C1-molecules, such as methanol or formate are considered as attractive alternative feedstock for biotechnological processes due to their sustainable production using only CO2, water and renewable energy. Native methylotrophic microorganisms can utilize these feedstock for the production of value-added compounds. Currently, constraints exist regarding the understanding of methylotrophic metabolism and the available genetic engineering tools are limited. For this reason, the development of synthetic methylotrophic cell factories based on the integration of natural or artificial methanol assimilation pathways in biotechnologically relevant microorganisms is receiving special attention. Yeasts like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica are capable of producing important products from sugar-based feedstock and the switch to produce these in the future from methanol is important in order to realize a CO2-based economy that is independent from land use. Here, we review historical biotechnological applications, the metabolism and the characteristics of methylotrophic yeasts. Various studies demonstrated the production of a broad set of promising products from fine chemicals to bulk chemicals by applying methylotrophic yeasts. Regarding synthetic methylotrophy, the deep understanding of the methylotrophic metabolism serves as the basis for microbial strain engineering and paves the way towards a CO2-based circular bioeconomy. We highlight design aspects of synthetic methylotrophy and discuss the resulting chances and challenges using non-conventional yeasts as host organisms. We conclude that the road towards synthetic methylotrophic yeasts can only be achieved through a combination of methods (e.g., metabolic engineering and adaptive laboratory evolution). Furthermore, we presume that the installation of metabolic regeneration cycles such as supporting carbon re-entry towards the pentose phosphate pathway from C1-metabolism is a pivotal target for synthetic methylotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wegat
- grid.469831.10000 0000 9186 607XFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Straubing branch Biocat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Jonathan T. Fabarius
- grid.469831.10000 0000 9186 607XFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Straubing branch Biocat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- grid.469831.10000 0000 9186 607XFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Straubing branch Biocat, Schulgasse 11a, 94315 Straubing, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Genetic regulation and fermentation strategy for squalene production in Schizochytrium sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2415-2431. [PMID: 35352151 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Squalene, as an important terpenoid, is extensively used in the medicine and health care fields owing to its functions of anti-oxidation, blood lipid regulation and cancer prevention. The marine microalgae, Schizochytrium sp., which acts as an excellent strain with potential of high squalene production was selected as the starting strain. The overexpressed strain with sqs gene got the reduced biomass and lipid, while the squalene titer was increased by 79.6% ± 4.7% to 12.8 ± 0.2 mg/L. In order to further increase squalene production, the recombinant strain (HS strain) with sqs and hmgr gene co-overexpression was further constructed. The biomass and squalene titer of the HS strain were increased by 13.6% ± 1.2% and 88.8% ± 5.3%, respectively, which indicated the carbon flux of the mevalonate pathway was enhanced for squalene accumulation. Regarding the squalene synthesis is completely coupled with cell growth, fermentation strategy to prolong the logarithmic growth phase was conducive to improve squalene production. Under the condition of optimal composition and concentrated medium, the squalene titer of HS strain was 27.0 ± 1.3 mg/L, which was 2.0 times that of the basal medium condition (13.5 ± 0.4 mg/L). This study which combined the metabolic engineering and fermentation strategy provides a new strategy for squalene production in Schizochytrium sp. KEY POINTS: •The overexpression of sqs and hmgr genes promoted carbon metabolism for squalene. •The optimal and concentrated media can increase squalene yield.
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Aamer Mehmood M, Shahid A, Malik S, Wang N, Rizwan Javed M, Nabeel Haider M, Verma P, Umer Farooq Ashraf M, Habib N, Syafiuddin A, Boopathy R. Advances in developing metabolically engineered microbial platforms to produce fourth-generation biofuels and high-value biochemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125510. [PMID: 34320777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Producing bio-based chemicals is imperative to establish an eco-friendly circular bioeconomy. However, the compromised titer of these biochemicals hampers their commercial implementation. Advances in genetic engineering tools have enabled researchers to develop robust strains producing desired titers of the next-generation biofuels and biochemicals. The native and non-native pathways have been extensively engineered in various host strains via pathway reconstruction and metabolic flux redirection of lipid metabolism and central carbon metabolism to produce myriad biomolecules including alcohols, isoprenoids, hydrocarbons, fatty-acids, and their derivatives. This review has briefly covered the research efforts made during the previous decade to produce advanced biofuels and biochemicals through engineered microbial platforms along with the engineering approaches employed. The efficiency of the various techniques along with their shortcomings is also covered to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress and future directions to achieve higher titer of fourth-generation biofuels and biochemicals while keeping environmental sustainability intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamer Mehmood
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China; Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shahid
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Malik
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Haider
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Muhammad Umer Farooq Ashraf
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Habib
- Bioenergy Research Centre, Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Achmad Syafiuddin
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, 60237 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Raj Boopathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA.
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Yang Q, Lu T, Yan J, Li J, Zhou H, Pan X, Lu Y, He N, Ling X. Regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis by enhancing carotenoid-mediated endogenous antioxidant capacity in Schizochytrium sp. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oultram JMJ, Pegler JL, Bowser TA, Ney LJ, Eamens AL, Grof CPL. Cannabis sativa: Interdisciplinary Strategies and Avenues for Medical and Commercial Progression Outside of CBD and THC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030234. [PMID: 33652704 PMCID: PMC7996784 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) is one of the world’s most well-known, yet maligned plant species. However, significant recent research is starting to unveil the potential of Cannabis to produce secondary compounds that may offer a suite of medical benefits, elevating this unique plant species from its illicit narcotic status into a genuine biopharmaceutical. This review summarises the lengthy history of Cannabis and details the molecular pathways that underpin the production of key secondary metabolites that may confer medical efficacy. We also provide an up-to-date summary of the molecular targets and potential of the relatively unknown minor compounds offered by the Cannabis plant. Furthermore, we detail the recent advances in plant science, as well as synthetic biology, and the pharmacology surrounding Cannabis. Given the relative infancy of Cannabis research, we go on to highlight the parallels to previous research conducted in another medically relevant and versatile plant, Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), as an indicator of the possible future direction of Cannabis plant biology. Overall, this review highlights the future directions of cannabis research outside of the medical biology aspects of its well-characterised constituents and explores additional avenues for the potential improvement of the medical potential of the Cannabis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M. J. Oultram
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Joseph L. Pegler
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Timothy A. Bowser
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
| | - Luke J. Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
| | - Christopher P. L. Grof
- Centre for Plant Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.M.J.O.); (J.L.P.); (A.L.E.)
- CannaPacific Pty Ltd., 109 Ocean Street, Dudley, NSW 2290, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-4921-5858
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Navale GR, Dharne MS, Shinde SS. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:457-475. [PMID: 33394155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, often called terpenoids, are the most abundant and highly diverse family of natural organic compounds. In plants, they play a distinct role in the form of photosynthetic pigments, hormones, electron carrier, structural components of membrane, and defence. Many isoprenoids have useful applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and chemical industries. They are synthesized by various isoprenoid synthase enzymes by several consecutive steps. Recent advancement in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology has enabled the production of these isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems like Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both heterologous systems have been engineered for large-scale production of value-added isoprenoids. This review article will provide the detailed description of various approaches used for engineering of methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathway for synthesizing isoprene units (C5) and ultimate production of diverse isoprenoids. The review particularly highlighted the efforts taken for the production of C5-C20 isoprenoids by metabolic engineering techniques in E. coli and S. cerevisiae over a decade. The challenges and strategies are also discussed in detail for scale-up and engineering of isoprenoids in the heterologous host systems.Key points• Isoprenoids are beneficial and valuable natural products.• E. coli and S. cerevisiae are the promising host for isoprenoid biosynthesis.• Emerging techniques in synthetic biology enabled the improved production.• Need to expand the catalogue and scale-up of un-engineered isoprenoids. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India
| | - Mahesh S Dharne
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 001, India.
| | - Sandip S Shinde
- NCIM Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411 008, India. .,Department Industrial and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431213, India.
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Sun H, Yang J, Lin X, Li C, He Y, Cai Z, Zhang G, Song H. De Novo High-Titer Production of Delta-Tocotrienol in Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7710-7717. [PMID: 32580548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Delta-tocotrienol as a vitamin E isomer has received much attention because of its diverse biomedical applications. Microbial biosynthesis of delta-tocotrienol is a promising strategy for its economic and environmental advantages. Here, we accomplished complete biosynthesis of delta-tocotrienol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae from glucose. We first constructed and incorporated a heterologous pathway into the genome of S. cerevisiae by incorporating the genes hpd (from Pseudomonas putida KT2440), hpt (from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803), and vte1 (from Arabidopsis thaliana) for the biosynthesis of delta-tocotrienol. We further enhanced the biosynthesis of the precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate by overexpressing the thmg1 and ggppssa (from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius) genes, leading to a production titer of delta-tocotrienol of 1.39 ± 0.01 mg/L. Finally, we optimized the fermentation medium using the response surface methodology, enabling a high-titer production of delta-tocotrienol (3.56 ± 0.25 mg/L), ∼2.6-fold of that of the initial culture medium. Fed-batch fermentation in a 2 L fermenter was further used to enhance the production titer of delta-tocotrienol (4.10 ± 0.10 mg/L). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the de novo biosynthesis of delta-tocotrienol in S. cerevisiae, and the highest titer obtained for microbial production of delta-tocotrienol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yongjin He
- Chifeng Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Chifeng Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P. R. China
| | - Guoyin Zhang
- Chifeng Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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12
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Curcio R, Aiello D, Vozza A, Muto L, Martello E, Cappello AR, Capobianco L, Fiermonte G, Siciliano C, Napoli A, Dolce V. Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of the Catalytic C-Terminal Domain of the Human 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA Reductase: An Effective, Fast, and Easy Method for Testing Hypocholesterolemic Compounds. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 62:119-131. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Li J, Zhou H, Pan X, Li Z, Lu Y, He N, Meng T, Yao C, Chen C, Ling X. The role of fluconazole in the regulation of fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. MYA 1381. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:256. [PMID: 31729956 PMCID: PMC6858700 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schizochytrium has been widely used in industry for synthesizing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, unclear biosynthesis pathway of PUFAs inhibits further production of the Schizochytrium. Unsaponifiable matter (UM) from mevalonate pathway is crucial to cell growth and intracellular metabolism in all higher eukaryotes and microalgae. Therefore, regulation of UM biosynthesis in Schizochytrium may have important effects on fatty acids synthesis. Moreover, it is well known that UMs, such as squalene and β-carotene, are of great commercial value. Thus, regulating UM biosynthesis may also allow for an increased valuation of Schizochytrium. Results To investigate the correlation of UM biosynthesis with fatty acids accumulation in Schizochytrium, fluconazole was used to block the sterols pathway. The addition of 60 mg/L fluconazole at 48 h increased the total lipids (TLs) at 96 h by 16% without affecting cell growth, which was accompanied by remarkable changes in UMs and NADPH. Cholesterol content was reduced by 8%, and the squalene content improved by 45% at 72 h, which demonstrated fluconazole’s role in inhibiting squalene flow to cholesterol. As another typical UM with antioxidant capacity, the β-carotene production was increased by 53% at 96 h. The increase of squalene and β-carotene could boost intracellular oxidation resistance to protect fatty acids from oxidation. The NADPH was found to be 33% higher than that of the control at 96 h, which meant that the cells had more reducing power for fatty acid synthesis. Metabolic analysis further confirmed that regulation of sterols was closely related to glucose absorption, pigment biosynthesis and fatty acid production in Schizochytrium. Conclusion This work first reported the effect of UM biosynthesis on fatty acid accumulation in Schizochytrium. The UM was found to affect fatty acid biosynthesis by changing cell membrane function, intracellular antioxidation and reducing power. We believe that this work provides valuable insights in improving PUFA and other valuable matters in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Pan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyi Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixue Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Ling
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Paramasivan K, Kumar HN P, Mutturi S. Systems-based Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain design for improved squalene synthesis. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Stepwise increase in the production of 13R-manoyl oxide through metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Zou H, Zhang T, Li L, Huang J, Zhang N, Shi M, Hao H, Xian M. Systematic Engineering for Improved Carbon Economy in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Isoprenoids. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1271. [PMID: 30042344 PMCID: PMC6117667 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, a broad range of biochemicals can be biosynthesized, which include polyhydroxyalkanoates and isoprenoids. However, some of the bio-approaches in chemical synthesis have just started to be applied outside of laboratory settings, and many require considerable efforts to achieve economies of scale. One of the often-seen barriers is the low yield and productivity, which leads to higher unit cost and unit capital investment for the bioconversion process. In general, higher carbon economy (less carbon wastes during conversion process from biomass to objective bio-based chemicals) will result in higher bioconversion yield, which results in less waste being generated during the process. To achieve this goal, diversified strategies have been applied; matured strategies include pathway engineering to block competitive pathways, enzyme engineering to enhance the activities of enzymes, and process optimization to improve biomass/carbon yield. In this review, we analyze the impact of carbon sources from different types of biomass on the yield of bio-based chemicals (especially for polyhydroxyalkanoates and isoprenoids). Moreover, we summarize the traditional strategies for improving carbon economy during the bioconversion process and introduce the updated techniques in building up non-natural carbon pathways, which demonstrate higher carbon economies than their natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Zou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Lei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Jingling Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Mengxun Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - He Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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17
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Carvalho Â, Hansen EH, Kayser O, Carlsen S, Stehle F. Designing microorganisms for heterologous biosynthesis of cannabinoids. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 17:3861260. [PMID: 28582498 PMCID: PMC5812543 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the use of medical Cannabis has expanded globally and legislation is getting more liberal in many countries, facilitating the research on cannabinoids. The unique interaction of cannabinoids with the human endocannabinoid system makes these compounds an interesting target to be studied as therapeutic agents for the treatment of several medical conditions. However, currently there are important limitations in the study, production and use of cannabinoids as pharmaceutical drugs. Besides the main constituent tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, the structurally related compound cannabidiol is of high interest as drug candidate. From the more than 100 known cannabinoids reported, most can only be extracted in very low amounts and their pharmacological profile has not been determined. Today, cannabinoids are isolated from the strictly regulated Cannabis plant, and the supply of compounds with sufficient quality is a major problem. Biotechnological production could be an attractive alternative mode of production. Herein, we explore the potential use of synthetic biology as an alternative strategy for synthesis of cannabinoids in heterologous hosts. We summarize the current knowledge surrounding cannabinoids biosynthesis and present a comprehensive description of the key steps of the genuine and artificial pathway, systems biotechnology needs and platform optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carvalho
- Evolva Biotech A/S, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Oliver Kayser
- Laboratory of Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Carlsen
- Evolva Biotech A/S, Lersø Parkallé 42-44, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felix Stehle
- Laboratory of Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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18
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Davis López SA, Griffith DA, Choi B, Cate JHD, Tullman-Ercek D. Evolutionary engineering improves tolerance for medium-chain alcohols in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:90. [PMID: 29619086 PMCID: PMC5880003 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast-based chemical production is an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based production or processes that involve harsh chemicals. However, many potential alcohol biofuels, such as n-butanol, isobutanol and n-hexanol, are toxic to production organisms, lowering the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these processes. We set out to improve the tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae toward these alcohols. RESULTS We evolved the laboratory strain of S. cerevisiae BY4741 to be more tolerant toward n-hexanol and show that the mutations which confer tolerance occur in proteins of the translation initiation complex. We found that n-hexanol inhibits initiation of translation and evolved mutations in the α subunit of eIF2 and the γ subunit of its guanine exchange factor eIF2B rescue this inhibition. We further demonstrate that translation initiation is affected by other alcohols such as n-pentanol and n-heptanol, and that mutations in the eIF2 and eIF2B complexes greatly improve tolerance to these medium-chain alcohols. CONCLUSIONS We successfully generated S. cerevisiae strains that have improved tolerance toward medium-chain alcohols and have demonstrated that the causative mutations overcome inhibition of translation initiation by these alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Andrew Griffith
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E-136, Evanston, IL 60208-3109 USA
| | - Brian Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jamie H. D. Cate
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Tech E-136, Evanston, IL 60208-3109 USA
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19
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High-level recombinant production of squalene using selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:239-251. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For recombinant production of squalene, which is a triterpenoid compound with increasing industrial applications, in microorganisms generally recognized as safe, we screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to determine their suitability. A strong strain dependence was observed in squalene productivity among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains upon overexpression of genes important for isoprenoid biosynthesis. In particular, a high level of squalene production (400 ± 45 mg/L) was obtained in shake flasks with the Y2805 strain overexpressing genes encoding a bacterial farnesyl diphosphate synthase (ispA) and a truncated form of hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (tHMG1). Partial inhibition of squalene epoxidase by terbinafine further increased squalene production by up to 1.9-fold (756 ± 36 mg/L). Furthermore, squalene production of 2011 ± 75 or 1026 ± 37 mg/L was obtained from 5-L fed-batch fermentations in the presence or absence of terbinafine supplementation, respectively. These results suggest that the Y2805 strain has potential as a new alternative source of squalene production.
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20
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Han JY, Song JM, Seo SH, Wang C, Lee SG, Lee H, Kim SW, Choi ES. Ty1-fused protein-body formation for spatial organization of metabolic pathways inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:694-704. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yun Han
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; KRIBB School of Biotechnology; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Song
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; KRIBB School of Biotechnology; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Seo
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Suzhou P.R. China
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hongweon Lee
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; KRIBB School of Biotechnology; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus); PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Choi
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Cheongju Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering; KRIBB School of Biotechnology; Korea University of Science and Technology (UST); Daejeon Republic of Korea
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21
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Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for geranylgeraniol overproduction by combinatorial design. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14991. [PMID: 29118396 PMCID: PMC5678108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial design is an effective strategy to acquire the optimal solution in complex systems. In this study, the combined effects of pathway combination, promoters’ strength fine-tuning, copy numbers and integration locus variations caused by δ-integration were explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using geranylgeraniol (GGOH) production as an example. Two GGOH biosynthetic pathway branches were constructed. In branch 1, GGOH was converted from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). In branch 2, GGOH was derived directly from IPP and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Regulated by 10 combinations of 11 diverse promoters, a fusion gene BTS1-ERG20, a heterologous geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (GGPPSsa) and an endogenous N-terminal truncated gene 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase isoenzyme 1 (tHMGR), were incorporated into yeast by δ-integration, leading to a series of GGOH producing strains with yields ranging from 18.45 mg/L to 161.82 mg/L. The yield was further increased to 437.52 mg/L by optimizing the fermentation medium. Consequently, the GGOH yield reached 1315.44 mg/L in a 5-L fermenter under carbon restriction strategy. Our study not only opens large opportunities for downstream diterpenes overproductions, but also demonstrates that pathway optimization based on combinatorial design is a promising strategy to engineer microbes for overproducing natural products with complex structure.
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22
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Paramasivan K, Mutturi S. Regeneration of NADPH Coupled with HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Increases Squalene Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8162-8170. [PMID: 28845666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although overexpression of the tHMG1 gene is a well-known strategy for terpene synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the optimal level for tHMG1p has not been established. In the present study, it was observed that two copies of the tHMG1 gene on a dual gene expression cassette improved squalene synthesis in laboratory strain by 16.8-fold in comparison to single-copy expression. It was also observed that tHMG1p is limited by its cofactor (NADPH), as the overexpression of NADPH regenerating genes', viz., ZWF1 and POS5 (full length and without mitochondrial presequence), has led to its increased enzyme activity. Further, it was demonstrated that overexpression of full-length POS5 has improved squalene synthesis in cytosol. Finally, when tHMG1 and full-length POS5 were co-overexpressed there was a net 27.5-fold increase in squalene when compared to control strain. These results suggest novel strategies to increase squalene accumulation in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani Paramasivan
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Mysore, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarma Mutturi
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute , Mysore, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Mysore, New Delhi, India
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23
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Niu FX, Lu Q, Bu YF, Liu JZ. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of isoprenoids: Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:167-175. [PMID: 29318197 PMCID: PMC5655344 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are the most abundant and highly diverse group of natural products. Many isoprenoids have been used for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, flavors, cosmetics, food additives and biofuels. Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels are two classes of important isoprenoids. These isoprenoids have been produced microbially through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology efforts. Herein, we briefly review the engineered biosynthetic pathways in well-characterized microbial systems for the production of carotenoids and several isoprenoid-based biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Niu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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24
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Wang C, Pfleger BF, Kim SW. Reassessing Escherichia coli as a cell factory for biofuel production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:92-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Tippmann S, Ferreira R, Siewers V, Nielsen J, Chen Y. Effects of acetoacetyl-CoA synthase expression on production of farnesene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:911-922. [PMID: 28185100 PMCID: PMC5432608 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient production of sesquiterpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a high flux through the mevalonate pathway. To achieve this, the supply of acetyl-CoA plays a crucial role, partially because nine moles of acetyl-CoA are necessary to produce one mole of farnesyl diphosphate, but also to overcome the thermodynamic constraint imposed on the first reaction, in which acetoacetyl-CoA is produced from two moles of acetyl-CoA by acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. Recently, a novel acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (nphT7) has been identified from Streptomyces sp. strain CL190, which catalyzes the irreversible condensation of malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to acetoacetyl-CoA and, therefore, represents a potential target to increase the flux through the mevalonate pathway. This study investigates the effect of acetoacetyl-CoA synthase on growth as well as the production of farnesene and compares different homologs regarding their efficiency. While plasmid-based expression of nphT7 did not improve final farnesene titers, the construction of an alternative pathway, which exclusively relies on the malonyl-CoA bypass, was detrimental for growth and farnesene production. The presented results indicate that the overall functionality of the bypass was limited by the efficiency of acetoacetyl-CoA synthase (nphT7). Besides modulation of the expression level, which could be used as a means to partially restore the phenotype, nphT7 from Streptomyces glaucescens showed clearly higher efficiency compared to Streptomyces sp. strain CL190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tippmann
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raphael Ferreira
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Wang F, Lv X, Xie W, Zhou P, Zhu Y, Yao Z, Yang C, Yang X, Ye L, Yu H. Combining Gal4p-mediated expression enhancement and directed evolution of isoprene synthase to improve isoprene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2017; 39:257-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rasool A, Zhang G, Li Z, Li C. Engineering of the terpenoid pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-overproduces squalene and the non-terpenoid compound oleic acid. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Isoprenoid-Based Biofuels: Homologous Expression and Heterologous Expression in Prokaryotes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5730-40. [PMID: 27422837 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01192-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enthusiasm for mining advanced biofuels from microbial hosts has increased remarkably in recent years. Isoprenoids are one of the highly diverse groups of secondary metabolites and are foreseen as an alternative to petroleum-based fuels. Most of the prokaryotes synthesize their isoprenoid backbone via the deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate pathway from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate, whereas eukaryotes synthesize isoprenoids via the mevalonate pathway from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Microorganisms do not accumulate isoprenoids in large quantities naturally, which restricts their application for fuel purposes. Various metabolic engineering efforts have been utilized to overcome the limitations associated with their natural and nonnatural production. The introduction of heterologous pathways/genes and overexpression of endogenous/homologous genes have shown a remarkable increase in isoprenoid yield and substrate utilization in microbial hosts. Such modifications in the hosts' genomes have enabled researchers to develop commercially competent microbial strains for isoprenoid-based biofuel production utilizing a vast array of substrates. The present minireview briefly discusses the recent advancement in metabolic engineering efforts in prokaryotic hosts for the production of isoprenoid-based biofuels, with an emphasis on endogenous, homologous, and heterologous expression strategies.
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Wang C, Park JE, Choi ES, Kim SW. Farnesol production inEscherichia colithrough the construction of a farnesol biosynthesis pathway - application of PgpB and YbjG phosphatases. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1291-1297. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chonglong Wang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences; Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Ju-Eon Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Choi
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Center, KRIBB; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), PMBBRC; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Xiao W, Wang Y, Liu H, Li X, Yuan Y. Lycopene overproduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through combining pathway engineering with host engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:113. [PMID: 27329233 PMCID: PMC4915043 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial production of lycopene, a commercially and medically important compound, has received increasing concern in recent years. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regarded as a safer host for lycopene production than Escherichia coli. However, to date, the lycopene yield (mg/g DCW) in S. cerevisiae was lower than that in E. coli and did not facilitate downstream extraction process, which might be attributed to the incompatibility between host cell and heterologous pathway. Therefore, to achieve lycopene overproduction in S. cerevisiae, both host cell and heterologous pathway should be delicately engineered. RESULTS In this study, lycopene biosynthesis pathway was constructed by integration of CrtE, CrtB and CrtI in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2. When YPL062W, a distant genetic locus, was deleted, little acetate was accumulated and approximately 100 % increase in cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool was achieved relative to that in parental strain. Through screening CrtE, CrtB and CrtI from diverse species, an optimal carotenogenic enzyme combination was obtained, and CrtI from Blakeslea trispora (BtCrtI) was found to have excellent performance on lycopene production as well as lycopene proportion in carotenoid. Then, the expression level of BtCrtI was fine-tuned and the effect of cell mating types was also evaluated. Finally, potential distant genetic targets (YJL064W, ROX1, and DOS2) were deleted and a stress-responsive transcription factor INO2 was also up-regulated. Through the above modifications between host cell and carotenogenic pathway, lycopene yield was increased by approximately 22-fold (from 2.43 to 54.63 mg/g DCW). Eventually, in fed-batch fermentation, lycopene production reached 55.56 mg/g DCW, which is the highest reported yield in yeasts. CONCLUSIONS Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered to produce lycopene in this study. Through combining host engineering (distant genetic loci and cell mating types) with pathway engineering (enzyme screening and gene fine-tuning), lycopene yield was stepwise improved by 22-fold as compared to the starting strain. The highest lycopene yield (55.56 mg/g DCW) in yeasts was achieved in 5-L bioreactors. This study provides a good reference of combinatorial engineering of host cell and heterologous pathway for microbial overproduction of pharmaceutical and chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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Xu W, Chai C, Shao L, Yao J, Wang Y. Metabolic engineering of Rhodopseudomonas palustris for squalene production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:719-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Squalene is a strong antioxidant used extensively in the food, cosmetic and medicine industries. Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 was used as the host because of its ability to grow photosynthetically using solar energy and carbon dioxide from atmosphere. The deletion of the shc gene resulted in a squalene production of 3.8 mg/g DCW, which was 27-times higher than that in the wild type strain. For constructing a substrate channel to elevate the conversion efficiency, we tried to fuse crtE gene with hpnD gene. By fusing the two genes, squalene content was increased to 12.6 mg/g DCW, which was 27.4 % higher than that resulted from the co-expression method. At last, the titer of squalene reached 15.8 mg/g DCW by co-expressing the dxs gene, corresponding to 112-fold increase relative to that for wild-type strain. This study provided novel strategies for improving squalene yield and demonstrated the potential of producing squalene by Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- grid.43169.39 0000000105991243 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Xi’an Medical University 710021 Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Changbin Chai
- grid.43169.39 0000000105991243 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Xi’an Medical University 710021 Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Lingqiao Shao
- grid.43169.39 0000000105991243 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Xi’an Medical University 710021 Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Yao
- grid.43169.39 0000000105991243 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Xi’an Medical University 710021 Xi’an Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.43169.39 0000000105991243 Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Science Xi’an Medical University 710021 Xi’an Shaanxi China
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Liao P, Hemmerlin A, Bach TJ, Chye ML. The potential of the mevalonate pathway for enhanced isoprenoid production. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:697-713. [PMID: 26995109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytosol-localised mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway delivers the basic isoprene unit isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). In higher plants, this central metabolic intermediate is also synthesised by the plastid-localised methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Both MVA and MEP pathways conspire through exchange of intermediates and regulatory interactions. Products downstream of IPP such as phytosterols, carotenoids, vitamin E, artemisinin, tanshinone and paclitaxel demonstrate antioxidant, cholesterol-reducing, anti-ageing, anticancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Other isoprenoid precursors including isoprene, isoprenol, geraniol, farnesene and farnesol are economically valuable. An update on the MVA pathway and its interaction with the MEP pathway is presented, including the improvement in the production of phytosterols and other isoprenoid derivatives. Such attempts are for instance based on the bioengineering of microbes such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as plants. The function of relevant genes in the MVA pathway that can be utilised in metabolic engineering is reviewed and future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Andréa Hemmerlin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thomas J Bach
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2357, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Bioconversion of methanol to value-added mevalonate by engineered Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 containing an optimized mevalonate pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tippmann S, Scalcinati G, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Production of farnesene and santalene by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using fed-batch cultivations with RQ-controlled feed. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:72-81. [PMID: 26108688 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Terpenes have various applications as fragrances, cosmetics and fuels. One of the most prominent examples is the sesquiterpene farnesene, which can be used as diesel substitute in its hydrogenated form farnesane. Recent metabolic engineering efforts have enabled efficient production of several terpenes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Plant terpene synthases take on an essential function for sesquiterpene production as they catalyze the specific conversion of the universal precursor farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to the sesquiterpene of interest and thereby impose limitations on the overall productivity. Using farnesene as a case study, we chose three terpene synthases with distinct plant origins and compared their applicability for farnesene production in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Differences regarding the efficiency of these enzymes were observed in shake flask cultivation with maximal final titers of 4 mg/L using α-farnesene synthase from Malus domestica. By employing two existing platform strains optimized for sesquiterpene production, final titers could be raised up 170 mg/L in fed-batch fermentations with RQ-controlled exponential feeding. Based on these experiments, the difference between the selected synthases was not significant. Lastly, the same fermentation setup was used to compare these results to production of the fragrance sesquiterpene santalene, and almost equivalent titers were obtained with 163 mg/L, using the highest producing strain expressing a santalene synthase from Clausena lansium. However, a reduction of the product yield on biomass by 50% could indicate a higher catalytic efficiency of the farnesene synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tippmann
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gionata Scalcinati
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Siewers
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of Technology, SE412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2970, H, ø, rsholm, Denmark.
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Zhao X, Shi F, Zhan W. Overexpression of ZWF1 and POS5 improves carotenoid biosynthesis in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:354-60. [PMID: 26179622 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing exogenous carotenogenic genes can synthesize carotenoids. NADPH is a key cofactor for carotenoid biosynthesis, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf1) and an NADH kinase (Pos5) are the two main NADPH-supplying sources in S. cerevisiae. Here, the effect of ZWF1 and POS5 overexpression on carotenoid yield in recombinant S. cerevisiae was explored. The initial carotenogenic strain Sc-EYBIH+I which expressed crtE, crtYB, crtI, cHMG1 and another copy of crtI could synthesize 1·35 ± 0·13 mg l(-1) of lycopene and 0·32 ± 0·02 mg l(-1) of β-carotene. When ZWF1 was overexpressed (Sc-EYBIZH+I), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased by 103-fold, the transcription level of crtE and crtI increased significantly, the lycopene and β-carotene yield increased to 2·29 ± 0·06 and 0·38 ± 0·02 mg l(-1) respectively. When POS5 was overexpressed (Sc-EYBIPH+I), NAD kinase activity increased by 5·5-fold, the transcription level of crtE, crtYB and crtI increased obviously, the lycopene and β-carotene yield increased to 2·50 ± 0·11 and 0·53 ± 0·03 mg l(-1) respectively. Therefore, improvement of NADPH supply contributed to carotenoids biosynthesis in S. cerevisiae and overexpression of POS5 was more effective than overexpression of ZWF1. This study provides a new strategy for enhancing carotenoid biosynthesis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY NADPH is a key cofactor for carotenoid biosynthesis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf1) and an NADH kinase (Pos5) are effective NADPH-supplying sources in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When ZWF1 and POS5 were overexpressed in a carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae strain individually, the total yield of lycopene and β-carotene increased by 59·9% and 81·4%, respectively, and the final product β-carotene yield increased by 18·8% and 65·6% respectively. This suggests the improvement of NADPH supply as a useful strategy for carotenoids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - F Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - W Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Gupta P, Phulara SC. Metabolic engineering for isoprenoid-based biofuel production. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:605-19. [PMID: 26095690 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable economic and industrial growth is the need of the hour and it requires renewable energy resources having better performance and compatibility with existing fuel infrastructure from biological routes. Isoprenoids (C ≥ 5) can be a potential alternative due to their diverse nature and physiochemical properties similar to that of petroleum based fuels. In the past decade, extensive research has been done to utilize metabolic engineering strategies in micro-organisms primarily, (i) to overcome the limitations associated with their natural and non-natural production and (ii) to develop commercially competent microbial strain for isoprenoid-based biofuel production. This review briefly describes the engineered isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways in well-characterized microbial systems for the production of several isoprenoid-based biofuels and fuel precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S C Phulara
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Spakowicz DJ, Strobel SA. Biosynthesis of hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds by fungi: bioengineering potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4943-51. [PMID: 25957494 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the biological production of fuels have relied on the optimization of pathways involving genes from diverse organisms. Several recent articles have highlighted the potential to expand the pool of useful genes by looking to filamentous fungi. This review highlights the enzymes and organisms used for the production of a variety of fuel types and commodity chemicals with a focus on the usefulness and promise of those from filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 260/266 Whitney Avenue, PO Box 208114, New Haven, CT, 06520-8114, USA
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Production of Industrially Relevant Isoprenoid Compounds in Engineered Microbes. MICROORGANISMS IN BIOREFINERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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George KW, Alonso-Gutierrez J, Keasling JD, Lee TS. Isoprenoid drugs, biofuels, and chemicals--artemisinin, farnesene, and beyond. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:355-89. [PMID: 25577395 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids have been identified and used as natural pharmaceuticals, fragrances, solvents, and, more recently, advanced biofuels. Although isoprenoids are most commonly found in plants, researchers have successfully engineered both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways to produce these valuable chemicals in microorganisms at high yields. The microbial synthesis of the precursor to artemisinin--an important antimalarial drug produced from the sweet wormwood Artemisia annua--serves as perhaps the most successful example of this approach. Through advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, microbial-derived semisynthetic artemisinin may soon replace plant-derived artemisinin as the primary source of this valuable pharmaceutical. The richness and diversity of isoprenoid structures also make them ideal candidates for advanced biofuels that may act as "drop-in" replacements for gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Indeed, the sesquiterpenes farnesene and bisabolene, monoterpenes pinene and limonene, and hemiterpenes isopentenol and isopentanol have been evaluated as fuels or fuel precursors. As in the artemisinin project, these isoprenoids have been produced microbially through synthetic biology and metabolic engineering efforts. Here, we provide a brief review of the numerous isoprenoid compounds that have found use as pharmaceuticals, flavors, commodity chemicals, and, most importantly, advanced biofuels. In each case, we highlight the metabolic engineering strategies that were used to produce these compounds successfully in microbial hosts. In addition, we present a current outlook on microbial isoprenoid production, with an eye towards the many challenges that must be addressed to achieve higher yields and industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W George
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St. 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
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Ikram NKBK, Zhan X, Pan XW, King BC, Simonsen HT. Stable heterologous expression of biologically active terpenoids in green plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:129. [PMID: 25852702 PMCID: PMC4364152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants biosynthesize a great diversity of biologically active small molecules of interest for fragrances, flavors, and pharmaceuticals. Among specialized metabolites, terpenoids represent the greatest molecular diversity. Many terpenoids are very complex, and total chemical synthesis often requires many steps and difficult chemical reactions, resulting in a low final yield or incorrect stereochemistry. Several drug candidates with terpene skeletons are difficult to obtain by chemical synthesis due to their large number of chiral centers. Thus, biological production remains the preferred method for industrial production for many of these compounds. However, because these chemicals are often found in low abundance in the native plant, or are produced in plants which are difficult to cultivate, there is great interest in engineering increased production or expression of the biosynthetic pathways in heterologous hosts. Although there are many examples of successful engineering of microbes such as yeast or bacteria to produce these compounds, this often requires extensive changes to the host organism's metabolism. Optimization of plant gene expression, post-translational protein modifications, subcellular localization, and other factors often present challenges. To address the future demand for natural products used as drugs, new platforms are being established that are better suited for heterologous production of plant metabolites. Specifically, direct metabolic engineering of plants can provide effective heterologous expression for production of valuable plant-derived natural products. In this review, our primary focus is on small terpenoids and we discuss the benefits of plant expression platforms and provide several successful examples of stable production of small terpenoids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kusaira B. K. Ikram
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin Zhan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xi-Wu Pan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian C. King
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik T. Simonsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Henrik T. Simonsen, Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Nozzi NE, Desai SH, Case AE, Atsumi S. Metabolic engineering for higher alcohol production. Metab Eng 2014; 25:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vickers CE, Bongers M, Liu Q, Delatte T, Bouwmeester H. Metabolic engineering of volatile isoprenoids in plants and microbes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1753-75. [PMID: 24588680 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical properties and diversity of volatile isoprenoids lends them to a broad variety of biological roles. It also lends them to a host of biotechnological applications, both by taking advantage of their natural functions and by using them as industrial chemicals/chemical feedstocks. Natural functions include roles as insect attractants and repellents, abiotic stress protectants in pathogen defense, etc. Industrial applications include use as pharmaceuticals, flavours, fragrances, fuels, fuel additives, etc. Here we will examine the ways in which researchers have so far found to exploit volatile isoprenoids using biotechnology. Production and/or modification of volatiles using metabolic engineering in both plants and microorganisms are reviewed, including engineering through both mevalonate and methylerythritol diphosphate pathways. Recent advances are illustrated using several case studies (herbivores and bodyguards, isoprene, and monoterpene production in microbes). Systems and synthetic biology tools with particular utility for metabolic engineering are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the practical realities of various applications in modern biotechnology, explore possible future applications, and examine the challenges of moving these technologies forward so that they can deliver tangible benefits. While this review focuses on volatile isoprenoids, many of the engineering approaches described here are also applicable to non-isoprenoid volatiles and to non-volatile isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Ito Y, Yamanishi M, Ikeuchi A, Imamura C, Tokuhiro K, Kitagawa T, Matsuyama T. Characterization of five terminator regions that increase the protein yield of a transgene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:486-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tippmann S, Chen Y, Siewers V, Nielsen J. From flavors and pharmaceuticals to advanced biofuels: production of isoprenoids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1435-44. [PMID: 24227704 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids denote the largest group of chemicals in the plant kingdom and are employed for a wide range of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, isoprenoids have additionally been recognized as suitable replacements for petroleum-derived fuels and could thus promote the transition towards a more sustainable society. To realize the biofuel potential of isoprenoids, a very efficient production system is required. While complex chemical structures as well as the low abundance in nature demonstrate the shortcomings of chemical synthesis and plant extraction, isoprenoids can be produced by genetically engineered microorganisms from renewable carbon sources. In this article, we summarize the development of isoprenoid applications from flavors and pharmaceuticals to advanced biofuels and review the strategies to design microbial cell factories, focusing on Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of these compounds. While the high complexity of biosynthetic pathways and the toxicity of certain isoprenoids still denote challenges that need to be addressed, metabolic engineering has enabled large-scale production of several terpenoids and thus, the utilization of these compounds is likely to expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tippmann
- Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chen D, Liu SQ. Chemical and volatile composition of lychee wines fermented with four commercialSaccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast strains. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Chen
- Food Science and Technology Programme; Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Food Science and Technology Programme; Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; Science Drive 3 Singapore City 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute; No. 377 Linquan Street Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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Shi F, Zhan W, Li Y, Wang X. Temperature influences β-carotene production in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing carotenogenic genes from Phaffia rhodozyma. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:125-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buijs NA, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Advanced biofuel production by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:480-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Song AAL, Abdullah JO, Abdullah MP, Shafee N, Othman R, Tan EF, Noor NM, Raha AR. Overexpressing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) in the lactococcal mevalonate pathway for heterologous plant sesquiterpene production. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52444. [PMID: 23300671 PMCID: PMC3530464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are a large and diverse group of metabolites with interesting properties such as flavour, fragrance and therapeutic properties. They are produced via two pathways, the mevalonate pathway or the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. While plants are the richest source of isoprenoids, they are not the most efficient producers. Escherichia coli and yeasts have been extensively studied as heterologous hosts for plant isoprenoids production. In the current study, we describe the usage of the food grade Lactococcus lactis as a potential heterologous host for the production of sesquiterpenes from a local herbaceous Malaysian plant, Persicaria minor (synonym Polygonum minus). A sesquiterpene synthase gene from P. minor was successfully cloned and expressed in L. lactis. The expressed protein was identified to be a β-sesquiphellandrene synthase as it was demonstrated to be functional in producing β-sesquiphellandrene at 85.4% of the total sesquiterpenes produced based on in vitro enzymatic assays. The recombinant L. lactis strain developed in this study was also capable of producing β-sesquiphellandrene in vivo without exogenous substrates supplementation. In addition, overexpression of the strain’s endogenous 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGR), an established rate-limiting enzyme in the eukaryotic mevalonate pathway, increased the production level of β-sesquiphellandrene by 1.25–1.60 fold. The highest amount achieved was 33 nM at 2 h post-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Janna Ong Abdullah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Puad Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Roohaida Othman
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ee-Fun Tan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Normah Mohd. Noor
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahim Raha
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Kung Y, Runguphan W, Keasling JD. From fields to fuels: recent advances in the microbial production of biofuels. ACS Synth Biol 2012; 1:498-513. [PMID: 23656227 DOI: 10.1021/sb300074k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amid grave concerns over global climate change and with increasingly strained access to fossil fuels, the synthetic biology community has stepped up to the challenge of developing microbial platforms for the production of advanced biofuels. The adoption of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel alternatives derived from microbial sources has the potential to significantly limit net greenhouse gas emissions. In this effort, great strides have been made in recent years toward the engineering of microorganisms to produce transportation fuels derived from alcohol, fatty acid, and isoprenoid biosynthesis. We provide an overview of the biosynthetic pathways devised in the strain development of biofuel-producing microorganisms. We also highlight many of the commonly used and newly devised engineering strategies that have been employed to identify and overcome pathway bottlenecks and problems of toxicity to maximize production titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kung
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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D'Agostino J, Ding X, Zhang P, Jia K, Fang C, Zhu Y, Spink DC, Zhang QY. Potential biological functions of cytochrome P450 reductase-dependent enzymes in small intestine: novel link to expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17777-17788. [PMID: 22453923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.354274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is essential for the functioning of microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenases and heme oxygenases. The biological roles of the POR-dependent enzymes in the intestine have not been defined, despite the wealth of knowledge on the biochemical properties of the various oxygenases. In this study, cDNA microarray analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression in enterocytes isolated from the small intestine of intestinal epithelium-specific Por knock-out (named IE-Cpr-null) mice compared with that observed in wild-type (WT) littermates. Gene ontology analyses revealed significant changes in terms related to P450s, transporters, cholesterol biosynthesis, and, unexpectedly, antigen presentation/processing. The genomic changes were confirmed at either mRNA or protein level for selected genes, including those of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II). Cholesterol biosynthetic activity was greatly reduced in the enterocytes of the IE-Cpr-null mice, as evidenced by the accumulation of the lanosterol metabolite, 24-dihydrolanosterol. However, no differences in either circulating or enterocyte cholesterol levels were observed between IE-Cpr-null and WT mice. Interestingly, the levels of the cholesterol precursor farnesyl pyrophosphate and its derivative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate were also increased in the enterocytes of the IE-Cpr-null mice. Furthermore, the expression of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), a downstream target of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate signaling, was enhanced. STAT1 is an activator of CIITA, the class II transactivator for MHC II expression; CIITA expression was concomitantly increased in IE-Cpr-null mice. Overall, these findings provide a novel and mechanistic link between POR-dependent enzymes and the expression of MHC II genes in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime D'Agostino
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Kunzhi Jia
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Cheng Fang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Yi Zhu
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - David C Spink
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12201-0509.
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