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Michalczuk MT, Longo L, Keingeski MB, Basso BDS, Guerreiro GTS, Ferrari JT, Vargas JE, Oliveira CP, Uribe-Cruz C, Cerski CTS, Filippi-Chiela E, Álvares-da-Silva MR. Rifaximin on epigenetics and autophagy in animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:75-90. [PMID: 38313241 PMCID: PMC10835481 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing, especially in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). AIM To investigate rifaximin (RIF) effects on epigenetic/autophagy markers in animals. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8, each) and treated from 5-16 wk: Control [standard diet, water plus gavage with vehicle (Veh)], HCC [high-fat choline deficient diet (HFCD), diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in drinking water and Veh gavage], and RIF [HFCD, DEN and RIF (50 mg/kg/d) gavage]. Gene expression of epigenetic/autophagy markers and circulating miRNAs were obtained. RESULTS All HCC and RIF animals developed metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis fibrosis, and cirrhosis, but three RIF-group did not develop HCC. Comparing animals who developed HCC with those who did not, miR-122, miR-34a, tubulin alpha-1c (Tuba-1c), metalloproteinases-2 (Mmp2), and metalloproteinases-9 (Mmp9) were significantly higher in the HCC-group. The opposite occurred with Becn1, coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase-1 (Carm1), enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (Ezh2), autophagy-related factor LC3A/B (Map1 Lc3b), and p62/sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1)-protein. Comparing with controls, Map1 Lc3b, Becn1 and Ezh2 were lower in HCC and RIF-groups (P < 0.05). Carm1 was lower in HCC compared to RIF (P < 0.05). Hepatic expression of Mmp9 was higher in HCC in relation to the control; the opposite was observed for p62/Sqstm1 (P < 0.05). Expression of p62/SQSTM1 protein was lower in the RIF-group compared to the control (P = 0.024). There was no difference among groups for Tuba-1c, Aldolase-B, alpha-fetoprotein, and Mmp2 (P > 0.05). miR-122 was higher in HCC, and miR-34a in RIF compared to controls (P < 0.05). miR-26b was lower in HCC compared to RIF, and the inverse was observed for miR-224 (P < 0.05). There was no difference among groups regarding miR-33a, miR-143, miR-155, miR-375 and miR-21 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION RIF might have a possible beneficial effect on preventing/delaying liver carcinogenesis through epigenetic modulation in a rat model of MASLD-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Truccolo Michalczuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melina Belén Keingeski
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Souza Basso
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tayguara Silveira Guerreiro
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jessica T Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Laboratory of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Cells, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná 81530900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P Oliveira
- Department of Gastroenterology (LIM07), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas, Misiones 3300, Argentina
| | - Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Filippi-Chiela
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90.050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Researcher, Brasília 71.605-001, Brazil.
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2
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Samanta A, Saha P, Johnson O, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Dysregulation of delta Np63 alpha in squamous cell carcinoma and its therapeutic targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189034. [PMID: 38040268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The gene p63 has two isoforms -a full length transactivated isoform (TA) p63 and an amino-terminally truncated isoform, ∆Np63. DeltaNp63 alpha (∆Np63α) is the predominant splice variant of the isoform, ∆Np63 and is expressed in the basal layer of stratified epithelia. ∆Np63α that is normally essential for the epithelial lineage maintenance may be dysregulated in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The pro-tumorigenic or antitumorigenic role of ∆Np63 is a highly contentious arena. ∆Np63α may act as a double-edged sword. It may either promote tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, chemoresistance, and immune-inflammatory responses, or inhibit the aforementioned phenomena depending upon cell type and tumor microenvironment. Several signaling pathways, transforming growth factor-β, Wnt and Notch, as well as epigenetic alterations involving microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs are regulated by ∆Np63α. This review has attempted to provide an in-depth insight into the role of ∆Np63α in the development of SCCs during different stages of tumor formation and how it may be targeted for therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurima Samanta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Olivia Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700 026, West Bengal, India.
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3
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Rodriguez Calleja L, Lavaud M, Tesfaye R, Brounais-Le-Royer B, Baud’huin M, Georges S, Lamoureux F, Verrecchia F, Ory B. The p53 Family Members p63 and p73 Roles in the Metastatic Dissemination: Interactions with microRNAs and TGFβ Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235948. [PMID: 36497429 PMCID: PMC9741383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 (TP53), p73 (TP73), and p63 (TP63) are members of the p53 transcription factor family, which has many activities spanning from embryonic development through to tumor suppression. The utilization of two promoters and alternative mRNA splicing has been shown to yield numerous isoforms in p53, p63, and p73. TAp73 is thought to mediate apoptosis as a result of nuclear accumulation following chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, according to a number of studies. Overexpression of the nuclear ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms, on the other hand, suppresses TAp73's pro-apoptotic activity in human malignancies, potentially leading to metastatic spread or inhibition. Another well-known pathway that has been associated to metastatic spread is the TGF pathway. TGFs are a family of structurally related polypeptide growth factors that regulate a variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and cell death, making them significant players in development, homeostasis, and wound repair. Various studies have already identified several interactions between the p53 protein family and the TGFb pathway in the context of tumor growth and metastatic spread, beginning to shed light on this enigmatic intricacy.
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4
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Rajasekaran S, Khan E, Ching SR, Khan M, Siddiqui J, Gradia DF, Lin C, Bouley SJ, Mercadante D, Manning AL, Gerber AP, Walker J, Miles W. PUMILIO competes with AUF1 to control DICER1 RNA levels and miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7048-7066. [PMID: 35736218 PMCID: PMC9262620 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 syndrome is a cancer pre-disposition disorder caused by mutations that disrupt the function of DICER1 in miRNA processing. Studying the molecular, cellular and oncogenic effects of these mutations can reveal novel mechanisms that control cell homeostasis and tumor biology. Here, we conduct the first analysis of pathogenic DICER1 syndrome allele from the DICER1 3'UTR. We find that the DICER1 syndrome allele, rs1252940486, abolishes interaction with the PUMILIO RNA binding protein with the DICER1 3'UTR, resulting in the degradation of the DICER1 mRNA by AUF1. This single mutational event leads to diminished DICER1 mRNA and protein levels, and widespread reprogramming of miRNA networks. The in-depth characterization of the rs1252940486 DICER1 allele, reveals important post-transcriptional regulatory events that control DICER1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samuel R Ching
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Misbah Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jalal K Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniela F Gradia
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bouley
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dayna L Mercadante
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Amity L Manning
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - André P Gerber
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - James A Walker
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 614 366 2869;
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5
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Martinez JD, Mo Q, Xu Y, Qin L, Li Y, Xu J. Common Genomic Aberrations in Mouse and Human Breast Cancers with Concurrent P53 Deficiency and Activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:229-241. [PMID: 34975329 PMCID: PMC8692138 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous P53 loss and activation of the PTEN-restricted PI3K-AKT pathway frequently occur in aggressive breast cancers. P53 loss causes genome instability, while PTEN loss and/or activating mutations of PIK3CA and AKT promote cancer cell proliferation that also increases incidences of genomic aberrations. However, the genomic alterations associated with P53 loss and activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling in breast cancer have not been defined. Spatiotemporally controlled breast cancer models with inactivation of both P53 and Pten in adult mice have not been established for studying genomic alterations. Herein, we deleted both floxed Pten and Tp53 genes in the mammary gland epithelial cells in adult mice using a RCAS virus-mediated Cre-expressing system. These mice developed small tumors in 21 weeks, and poorly differentiated larger tumors in 26 weeks. In these tumors, we identified 360 genes mutated by nonsynonymous point mutations and small insertions and deletions (NSPMs/InDels), 435 genes altered by copy number amplifications (CNAs), and 450 genes inactivated by copy number deletions (CNDs). Importantly, 22.2%, 75.9% and 27.3% of these genes were also altered in human breast tumors with P53 and PTEN losses or P53 loss and activated PI3K-AKT signaling by NSPMs/InDels, CNAs and CNDs, respectively. Therefore, inactivation of P53 and Pten in adult mice causes rapid-growing breast tumors, and these tumors recapitulate a significant number of genetic aberrations in human breast tumors with inactivated P53 and activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling. Further characterization of these commonly altered genes in breast cancer should help to identify novel cancer-driving genes and molecular targets for developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod D Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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6
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Vergani-Junior CA, Tonon-da-Silva G, Inan MD, Mori MA. DICER: structure, function, and regulation. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1081-1090. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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7
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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8
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Zhang X, Groen K, Morten BC, Steffens Reinhardt L, Campbell HG, Braithwaite AW, Bourdon JC, Avery-Kiejda KA. Effect of p53 and its N-terminally truncated isoform, Δ40p53, on breast cancer migration and invasion. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:447-465. [PMID: 34657382 PMCID: PMC8763661 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy in women, with over half a million women dying from this disease each year. In our previous studies, ∆40p53, an N‐terminally truncated p53 isoform, was found to be upregulated in breast cancers, and a high ∆40p53 : p53α ratio was linked with worse disease‐free survival. Although p53α inhibits cancer migration and invasion, little is known about the role of ∆40p53 in regulating these metastasis‐related processes and its role in contributing to worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of ∆40p53 in breast cancer migration and invasion. A relationship between Δ40p53 and gene expression profiles was identified in oestrogen‐receptor‐positive breast cancer specimens. To further evaluate the role of Δ40p53 in oestrogen‐receptor‐positive breast cancer, MCF‐7 and ZR75‐1 cell lines were transduced to knockdown p53α or Δ40p53 and overexpress Δ40p53. Proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in the transduced sublines, and gene expression was assessed through RNA‐sequencing and validated by reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR. Knockdown of both p53α and ∆40p53 resulted in increased proliferation, whereas overexpression of ∆40p53 reduced proliferation rates. p53α knockdown was also associated with increased cell mobility. ∆40p53 overexpression reduced both migratory and invasive properties of the transduced cells. Phenotypic findings are supported by gene expression data, including differential expression of LRG1, HYOU1, UBE2QL1, SERPINA5 and PCDH7. Taken together, these results suggest that, at the basal level, ∆40p53 works similarly to p53α in suppressing cellular mobility and proliferation, although the role of Δ40p53 may be cell context‐specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Zhang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kira Groen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Brianna C Morten
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Hamish G Campbell
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antony W Braithwaite
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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9
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Polyphenol-Enriched Blueberry Preparation Controls Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Targeting FOXO1 and miR-145. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144330. [PMID: 34299605 PMCID: PMC8304479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence supports the early deregulation of epigenetic profiles during breast carcinogenesis. Research shows that cellular transformation, carcinogenesis, and stemness maintenance are regulated by epigenetic-specific changes that involve microRNAs (miRNAs). Dietary bioactive compounds such as blueberry polyphenols may modulate susceptibility to breast cancer by the modulation of CSC survival and self-renewal pathways through the epigenetic mechanism, including the regulation of miRNA expression. Therefore, the current study aimed to assay the effect of polyphenol enriched blueberry preparation (PEBP) or non-fermented blueberry juice (NBJ) on the modulation of miRNA signature and the target proteins associated with different clinical-pathological characteristics of breast cancer such as stemness, invasion, and chemoresistance using breast cancer cell lines. To this end, 4T1 and MB-MDM-231 cell lines were exposed to NBJ or PEBP for 24 h. miRNA profiling was performed in breast cancer cell cultures, and RT-qPCR was undertaken to assay the expression of target miRNA. The expression of target proteins was examined by Western blotting. Profiling of miRNA revealed that several miRNAs associated with different clinical-pathological characteristics were differentially expressed in cells treated with PEBP. The validation study showed significant downregulation of oncogenic miR-210 expression in both 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to PEBP. In addition, expression of tumor suppressor miR-145 was significantly increased in both cell lines treated with PEBP. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the relative expression of FOXO1 in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to PEBP and in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to NBJ. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the relative expression of N-RAS in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to PEBP and in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to NBJ. Our data indicate a potential chemoprevention role of PEBP through the modulation of miRNA expression, particularly miR-210 and miR-145, and protection against breast cancer development and progression. Thus, PEBP may represent a source for novel chemopreventative agents against breast cancer.
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10
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Exosomes of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Proper Vehicle for Transfecting miR-145 into the Breast Cancer Cell Line and Its Effect on Metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5516078. [PMID: 34307654 PMCID: PMC8263260 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Despite recent advances in scientific knowledge and clinical practice, management, and treatment of breast cancer, as one of the leading causes of female mortality, breast cancer remains a major burden. Recently, methods employing stem cells and their derivatives, i.e., exosomes, in gene-based therapies hold great promise. Since these natural nanovesicles are able to transmit crucial cellular information which can be engineered to have robust delivery and targeting capacity, they are considered one of the modes of intercellular communication. miR-145, one of the downregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in various cancers, can regulate tumor cell invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and proliferation and stem cell differentiation. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes secreted from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for miR-145 transfection into breast cancer cells in order to weaken their expansion and metastasis. Methods Here, we exploited the exosomes from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) to deliver miR-145 in the T-47D breast cancer cell line. Lentiviral vectors of miR-145-pLenti-III-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and empty pLenti-III-eGFP as the backbone were used to transfect MSCs and T-47D cells. In order to find the efficiency of exosomes as a delivery vehicle, the expression level of some miR-145 target genes, including Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 1 (ROCK1), Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2), Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and Tumor Protein p53 (TP53), was compared in all treatment groups (T-47D cells treated by miR-145-transfected MSCs and their derivatives or their backbone) and control group (untransfected T-47D cells) using real-time PCR. Results The obtained data represented the inhibitory effect of miR-145 on apoptosis induction and metastasis in both direct miR-treated groups. However, exosome-mediated delivery caused an improved anticancer property of miR-145. Conclusion Restoration of miR-145 using MSC-Exo can be considered a potential novel therapeutic strategy in breast cancer in the future.
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Omran Z, H. Dalhat M, Abdullah O, Kaleem M, Hosawi S, A Al-Abbasi F, Wu W, Choudhry H, Alhosin M. Targeting Post-Translational Modifications of the p73 Protein: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081916. [PMID: 33921128 PMCID: PMC8071514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p73 is a member of the p53 family and is expressed as different isoforms with opposing properties. The TAp73 isoforms act as tumor suppressors and have pro-apoptotic effects, whereas the ΔNp73 isoforms lack the N-terminus transactivation domain and behave as oncogenes. The TAp73 protein has a high degree of similarity with both p53 function and structure, and it induces the regulation of various genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis. Unlike those of the p53 gene, the mutations in the p73 gene are very rare in tumors. Cancer cells have developed several mechanisms to inhibit the activity and/or expression of p73, from the hypermethylation of its promoter to the modulation of the ratio between its pro- and anti-apoptotic isoforms. The p73 protein is also decorated by a panel of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitin proteasomal pathway modifications, and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)ylation, that regulate its transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, and stability. These modifications orchestrate the multiple anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic functions of TAp73, thereby offering multiple promising candidates for targeted anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the different pathways implicated in the regulation of TAp73 at the post-translational level. This review also highlights the growing importance of targeting the post-translational modifications of TAp73 as a promising antitumor strategy, regardless of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Omran
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mahmood H. Dalhat
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (Z.O.); (O.A.)
| | - Mohammed Kaleem
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Fahd A Al-Abbasi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Hani Choudhry
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
| | - Mahmoud Alhosin
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.D.); (M.K.); (S.H.); (F.A.A.-A.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9795-9354
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Ma L, Wang H, Sun Y, Yang D, Pu L, Zhang X. P53-induced MRVI1 mediates carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:824-833. [PMID: 32589066 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1782465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancer types worldwide. Despite the advancements in current diagnosis and treatment strategies of CRC, the incidence and mortality rates of CRC have been rising. To explore novel mechanism of CRC, this study focused on the expression pattern and functional mechanism of murine retrovirus integration site 1 (MRVI1) in CRC.Methods: Tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from CRC patients, and the expression levels of MRVI1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. MRVI1 knockdown was achieved by shRNA in HCT116 and HT29 cells, followed by CCK-8 assay to detect the cell proliferation, and caspase-3 activity assay combined with nucleosome ELISA assay to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion and luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the activation of the MRVI1 promoter by p53.Results: MRVI1 was downregulated in CRC tissues and several CRC cell lines. Knockdown of MRVI1 enhanced the proliferation and apoptosis, while promoted invasion and stemness of CRC cells. Mechanism study revealed that MRVI1 was transcriptionally activated by p53 at its upstream. In addition, p53-induced inhibition of CRC prognosis depended on MRVI1.Conclusion: MRVI1 inhibited the prognosis of CRC via a mechanism involving p53 activation. MRVI1 could serve as a potential target for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Sun
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Pu
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The First Department of General Surgery, The Central People's Hospital of Siping City, Jilin, China
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NPI-0052 and γ-radiation induce a synergistic apoptotic effect in medulloblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31619667 PMCID: PMC6795856 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant solid paediatric brain tumour. The standard treatment for MB is surgical resection of the tumour, radiation and chemotherapy. This therapy is associated with high morbidity and adverse side effects. Hence, more targeted and less toxic therapies are vitally needed to improve the quality of life of survivors. NPI-0052 is a novel proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds the 20S proteasome subunit. This compound has anti-tumour activity in metastatic solid tumours, glioblastoma and multiple myeloma with a good safety profile. Importantly, NPI-0052 has a lipophilic structure and can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, making it a suitable treatment for brain tumours. In the present study, we performed an in silico gene expression analysis to evaluate the proteasome subunit expression in MB. To evaluate the anticancer activity of NPI-0052, we used a range of MB patient-derived MB cells and cell lines. The synergistic cell death of NPI-0052 with γ-radiation was evaluated in tumour organoids derived from patient-derived MB cells. We show that high expression of proteasome subunits is a poor prognostic factor for MB patients. Also, our preclinical work demonstrated that NPI-0052 can inhibit proteasome activity and activate apoptosis in MB cells. Moreover, we observe that NPI-0052 has a synergistic apoptotic effect with γ-radiation, a component of the current MB therapy. Here, we present compelling preclinical evidence that NPI-0052 can be used as an adjuvant treatment for p53-family-expressing MB tumours.
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Aljagthmi AA, Hill NT, Cooke M, Kazanietz MG, Abba MC, Long W, Kadakia MP. ΔNp63α suppresses cells invasion by downregulating PKCγ/Rac1 signaling through miR-320a. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:680. [PMID: 31515469 PMCID: PMC6742631 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ΔNp63α, a member of the p53 family of transcription factors, is overexpressed in a number of cancers and plays a role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion. ΔNp63α has been shown to regulate several microRNAs that are involved in development and cancer. We identified miRNA miR-320a as a positively regulated target of ΔNp63α. Previous studies have shown that miR-320a is downregulated in colorectal cancer and targets the small GTPase Rac1, leading to a reduction in noncanonical WNT signaling and EMT, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion. We showed that miR-320a is a direct target of ΔNp63α. Knockdown of ΔNp63α in HaCaT and A431 cells downregulates miR-320a levels and leads to a corresponding elevation in PKCγ transcript and protein levels. Rac1 phosphorylation at Ser71 was increased in the absence of ΔNp63α, whereas overexpression of ΔNp63α reversed S71 phosphorylation of Rac1. Moreover, increased PKCγ levels, Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon knockdown of ΔNp63α was reversed by either overexpressing miR-320a mimic or Rac1 silencing. Finally, silencing PKCγ or treatment with the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 reversed increased Rac1 phosphorylation and cell invasion observed upon silencing ΔNp63α. Taken together, our data suggest that ΔNp63α positively regulates miR-320a, thereby inhibiting PKCγ expression, Rac1 phosphorylation, and cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Aljagthmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Natasha T Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martín C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CP1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madhavi P Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Lin J, Xia L, Liang J, Han Y, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Rao S, Chen X, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The roles of glucose metabolic reprogramming in chemo- and radio-resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:218. [PMID: 31122265 PMCID: PMC6533757 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which is vital to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. When the glucose metabolism of cancer is rewiring, the characters of cancer will also occur corresponding changes to regulate the chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer. The procedure is involved in the alteration of many activities, such as the aberrant DNA repairing, enhanced autophagy, oxygen-deficient environment, and increasing exosomes secretions, etc. Targeting altered metabolic pathways related with the glucose metabolism has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of glucose metabolism in chemo- and radio-resistance malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Hang W, Feng Y, Sang Z, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Huang Q, Xi X. Downregulation of miR-145-5p in cancer cells and their derived exosomes may contribute to the development of ovarian cancer by targeting CT. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:256-266. [PMID: 30365097 PMCID: PMC6257844 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify shared microRNAs (miRNAs) in ovarian cancer (OC) cells and their exosomes using microarray data (accession number GSE103708) available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including exosomal samples from 13 OC cell lines and 3 normal ovarian surface epithelial cell lines, and their original cell samples. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE‑miRNAs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method, and mRNA targets of DE‑miRNAs were predicted using the miRWalk2 database. The potential functions of target genes were analyzed using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and intersected with known OC‑associated pathways downloaded from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The associations between crucial miRNAs and target genes, and their clinical associations, were validated using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. As a result, 16 upregulated and 6 downregulated DE‑miRNAs were shared in OC cell lines and their exosomes compared with normal controls. The target genes of 11 common DE‑miRNAs were predicted. Among these DE‑miRNAs, a low expression of homo sapiens (hsa)‑miR‑145‑5p was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis and higher stages. Although 91 target genes were predicted for hsa‑miR‑145‑5p, only 4 genes [connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), myotubularin‑related protein 14, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha and suppressor of cytokine signaling 7] were suggested as risk factors for prognosis. The subsequent Pearson's correlation analysis validated a significant negative correlation between hsa‑miR‑145‑5p and CTGF (r=‑0.1126, P=0.02188). According to the results of the functional analysis, CTGF is involved in the Hippo signaling pathway (hsa04390). In conclusion, decreased expression of hsa‑miR‑145 in OC and OC‑derived exosomes may be a crucial biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Hang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Yuan H, Zhang H, Hong L, Zhao H, Wang J, Li H, Che H, Zhang Z. MicroRNA let-7c-5p Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Dental Pulp Inflammation by Inhibiting Dentin Matrix Protein-1-Mediated Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6656-6665. [PMID: 30238933 PMCID: PMC6162970 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Let-7c-5p is down-regulated in dental pulp tissues in inflammatory disorders. The microRNA (miR) molecule shows an anti-inflammation potential due to its direct regulation of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), which promotes inflammation changes in dental pulp tissues. In the present study, the effect of let-7c-5p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulpitis was detected and the associated mechanism was explored. Material/Methods Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were isolated from rat dental tissues, infected with let-7c-5p lentivirus particles, and subjected to LPS administration to induce inflammation. Then, the effect of let-7c-5p overexpression on LPS-induced impairments on DPSCs were detected and the mechanism was explained by focusing on the DMP1 expression and NF-κB pathway. The role of DMP1 in the anti-inflammation effect of let-7c-5p was assessed by incubating let-7c-5p-expressed DPSCs with DMP1 protein. The results of in vitro assays were verified in LPS-induced rat pulpitis models. Results LPS administration increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α and decreased DPSCs viability by increasing the expression of DMP1 and activating NF-κB pathway. However, the induced expression of let-7c-5p relieved DPSCs from LPS-induced inflammation and suppressed DMP1 as well as NF-κB pathway. The incubation of let-7c-5p-expressed DPSCs with DMP1 protein blocked the effect of let-7c-5p. In in vivo experiments, the injection of let-7c-5p attenuated LPS-induced pulpitis by inhibiting DMP1-mediated NF-κB pathway. Conclusions Findings outlined in the current study demonstrated the dental pulp protecting function of let-7c-5p during LPS-induced inflammation, which was exerted by inhibiting the DMP1-mediated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - He Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongze Che
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Marques MM, Evangelista AF, Macedo T, Vieira RADC, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Reis RM, Carvalho AL, da Silva IDCG. Expression of tumor suppressors miR-195 and let-7a as potential biomarkers of invasive breast cancer. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e184. [PMID: 29995098 PMCID: PMC6024513 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some miRNAs, including let-7a and miR-195, have been described as tumor suppressors. However, the roles of these microRNAs in breast cancer progression remain controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate miR-195 and let-7a expression as potential biomarkers of invasive breast cancer. METHODS In the present study, 200 individuals were separated into three groups: (i) 72 women constituting the control group who were selected according to rigorous and well-established criteria; (ii) 56 patients with benign breast tumors; and (iii) 72 patients with malignant breast cancers of different clinical stages. The miR-195 and let-7a expression levels in serum were evaluated by real-time PCR. The results were assessed alone and in combination, and the analysis included an estimation of sensitivity and specificity in ROC curves. RESULTS Compared with the benign and control groups, both microRNAs were downregulated in the malignant breast cancer patient group. Compared with the malignant group, the combination of both biomarkers in the control and benign groups showed good sensitivity and specificity in the serum with AUCs of 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. The biomarker combination for the control group versus the malignant group exhibited a better sensitivity and specificity than for the benign group versus the malignant group. CONCLUSION These findings support the evidence that the analysis of miR-195 and let-7a can be used as a non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M. Marques
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
- Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude de Barretos Dr Paulo Prata (FACISB), Barretos, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Adriane F. Evangelista
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
| | - Taciane Macedo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
| | | | | | - Rui M. Reis
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
- Instituto de Pesquisa de Ciencias da Vida e Saude, Universidade de Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Laboratorio Associado ICVS/3B’s, Braga, Portugal
| | - André L. Carvalho
- Centro de Pesquisa em Oncologia Molecular (CPOM), Hospital de Cancer de Barretos, Barretos, SP, BR
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XIAP RING domain mediates miR-4295 expression and subsequently inhibiting p63α protein translation and promoting transformation of bladder epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56540-56557. [PMID: 27447744 PMCID: PMC5302933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) contains three N-terminal BIR domains that mediate anti-apoptosis and one C-terminal RING finger domain whose function(s) are not fully defined. Here we show that the RING domain of XIAP strongly inhibits the expression of p63α, a known tumor suppressor. XIAP knockdown in urothelial cells or RING deletion in knockin mice markedly upregulates p63α expression. This RING-mediated p63α downregulation is critical for the malignant transformation of normal urothelial cells following EGF treatment. We further show that the RING domain promotes Sp1-mediated transcription of miR-4295 which targets the 3′UTR of p63α mRNA and consequently inhibits p63α translation. Our results reveal a previously unknown function of the RING of XIAP in promoting miR-4295 transcription, thereby reducing p63α translation and enhancing urothelial transformation. Our data offer novel insights into the multifunctional effects of the XIAP RING domain on urothelial tumorigenesis and the potential for targeting this frequently overexpressed protein as a therapeutic alternative.
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21
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Glutamine metabolism, the Achilles heel for medulloblastoma tumor. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:74. [PMID: 29358733 PMCID: PMC5833764 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Lupini L, Pepe F, Ferracin M, Braconi C, Callegari E, Pagotto S, Spizzo R, Zagatti B, Lanuti P, Fornari F, Ghasemi R, Mariani-Costantini R, Bolondi L, Gramantieri L, Calin GA, Sabbioni S, Visone R, Veronese A, Negrini M. Over-expression of the miR-483-3p overcomes the miR-145/TP53 pro-apoptotic loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31361-71. [PMID: 27120784 PMCID: PMC5058762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-145-5p, which induces TP53-dependent apoptosis, is down-regulated in several tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but some HCCs show physiological expression of this miR. Here we demonstrate that in HCC cells carrying wild-type TP53 the steady activation of the miR-145 signaling selects clones resistant to apoptosis via up-regulation of the oncogenic miR-483-3p. Expression of the miR-145-5p and of the miR-483-3p correlated negatively in non-neoplastic liver (n=41; ρ=−0.342, P=0.028), but positively in HCCs (n=21; ρ=0.791, P<0.0001), which we hypothesized to be due to impaired glucose metabolism in HCCs versus normal liver. In fact, when liver cancer cells were grown in low glucose, miR-145-5p lowered miR-483-3p expression, allowing apoptosis, whereas when cells were grown in high glucose the levels of miR-483-3p increased, reducing the apoptotic rate. This indicates that depending on glucose availability the miR-145-5p has double effects on the miR-483-3p, either inhibitory or stimulatory. Moreover, resistance to apoptosis in clones overexpressing both miR-145-5p and miR-483-3p was abrogated by silencing the miR-483-3p. Our data highlight a novel mechanism of resistance to apoptosis in liver cancer cells harbouring wild type TP53 and suggest a potential role of miR-145-5p and miR-483-3p as druggable targets in a subset of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Felice Pepe
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elisa Callegari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Pagotto
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Zagatti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Reza Ghasemi
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Medical Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosa Visone
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Unit of General Pathology, Aging Research Center (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Bae WK, Hong CS, Park MR, Sun EG, Lee JH, Kang K, Ryu KH, Shim HJ, Hwang JE, Cho SH, Chung IJ. TAp73 inhibits cell invasion and migration by directly activating KAI1 expression in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:106-116. [PMID: 29222041 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
p73 is a member of the p53 family of transcription factors and, like p53, plays a role as a tumor suppressor. p73 is involved in development, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its function in inhibiting metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, we show that induction of TAp73 decreased invasion and migration activity of colorectal cancer cells, whereas knockdown of TAp73 led to increased invasion and migration activity. KAI1 was identified as a transcriptional target of TAp73 and its expression is indispensable for TAp73-mediated inhibition of cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, induction of TAp73 in colorectal cancer cells elevated KAI1 expression and decreased the frequency of hepatic metastasis in vivo. Whereas, the decreased invasion and migration activities caused by TAp73 induction were abrogated by knockdown of KAI1. Interestingly, TAp73 and KAI1 are overexpressed in primary colorectal cancers and a significant correlation between TAp73 and KAI1 expression was detected, but their expressions were significantly down-regulated in metastatic cancers. Taken together, our results support a novel role for TAp73 in controlling colorectal cancer cell invasion, migration and metastasis by regulating transcription of KAI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Kyun Bae
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Hong
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Park
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gene Sun
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Lee
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Ryu
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Shim
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Cho
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea.
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24
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MiR-146a functions as a small silent player in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:238-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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25
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Biçer A, Orlando S, Islam ABMMK, Gallastegui E, Besson A, Aligué R, Bachs O, Pujol MJ. ChIP-Seq analysis identifies p27(Kip1)-target genes involved in cell adhesion and cell signalling in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187891. [PMID: 29155860 PMCID: PMC5695801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein p27Kip1 (p27), a member of the Cip-Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, is involved in tumorigenesis and a correlation between reduced levels of this protein in human tumours and a worse prognosis has been established. Recent reports revealed that p27 also behaves as a transcriptional regulator. Thus, it has been postulated that the development of tumours with low amounts of p27 could be propitiated by deregulation of transcriptional programs under the control of p27. However, these programs still remain mostly unknown. The aim of this study has been to define the transcriptional programs regulated by p27 by first identifying the p27-binding sites (p27-BSs) on the whole chromatin of quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The chromatin regions associated to p27 have been annotated to the most proximal genes and it has been considered that the expression of these genes could by regulated by p27. The identification of the chromatin p27-BSs has been performed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-seq). Results revealed that p27 associated with 1839 sites that were annotated to 1417 different genes being 852 of them protein coding genes. Interestingly, most of the p27-BSs were in distal intergenic regions and introns whereas, in contrast, its association with promoter regions was very low. Gene ontology analysis of the protein coding genes revealed a number of relevant transcriptional programs regulated by p27 as cell adhesion, intracellular signalling and neuron differentiation among others. We validated the interaction of p27 with different chromatin regions by ChIP followed by qPCR and demonstrated that the expressions of several genes belonging to these programs are actually regulated by p27. Finally, cell adhesion assays revealed that the adhesion of p27-/- cells to the plates was much higher that controls, revealing a role of p27 in the regulation of a transcriptional program involved in cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Biçer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serena Orlando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edurne Gallastegui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Besson
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Rosa Aligué
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Bachs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Pujol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS (Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Abstract
The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has profoundly impacted molecular biology research and medicine but has also advanced the field of skin care. Both effector molecules of RNAi, short-interfering RNA molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been explored for their relative impact and utility for treating a variety of skin conditions. These post-transcriptional RNA regulatory molecules down-modulate protein expression through targeting of the 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or repression through sequestration. As researchers hunt for genetic linkages to skin diseases, miRNA regulators have emerged as key players in the biology of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and other cells of the skin. Herein, we attempt to coalesce the current efforts to combat various skin disorders and diseases through the development of miRNA-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lawrence
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | - Joseph Ceccoli
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
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27
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Niklison-Chirou MV, Erngren I, Engskog M, Haglöf J, Picard D, Remke M, McPolin PHR, Selby M, Williamson D, Clifford SC, Michod D, Hadjiandreou M, Arvidsson T, Pettersson C, Melino G, Marino S. TAp73 is a marker of glutamine addiction in medulloblastoma. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1738-1753. [PMID: 28971956 PMCID: PMC5666673 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302349.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common solid primary brain tumor in children. Remarkable advancements in the understanding of the genetic and epigenetic basis of these tumors have informed their recent molecular classification. However, the genotype/phenotype correlation of the subgroups remains largely uncharacterized. In particular, the metabolic phenotype is of great interest because of its druggability, which could lead to the development of novel and more tailored therapies for a subset of medulloblastoma. p73 plays a critical role in a range of cellular metabolic processes. We show overexpression of p73 in a proportion of non-WNT medulloblastoma. In these tumors, p73 sustains cell growth and proliferation via regulation of glutamine metabolism. We validated our results in a xenograft model in which we observed an increase in survival time in mice on a glutamine restriction diet. Notably, glutamine starvation has a synergistic effect with cisplatin, a component of the current medulloblastoma chemotherapy. These findings raise the possibility that glutamine depletion can be used as an adjuvant treatment for p73-expressing medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Erngren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Engskog
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Haglöf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Picard
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phelim Hugh Redmond McPolin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Selby
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - David Michod
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michalis Hadjiandreou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Product Agency, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Pettersson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
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28
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Mizrahi A, Barzilai A, Gur-Wahnon D, Ben-Dov IZ, Glassberg S, Meningher T, Elharar E, Masalha M, Jacob-Hirsch J, Tabibian-Keissar H, Barshack I, Roszik J, Leibowitz-Amit R, Sidi Y, Avni D. Alterations of microRNAs throughout the malignant evolution of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: the role of miR-497 in epithelial to mesenchymal transition of keratinocytes. Oncogene 2017; 37:218-230. [PMID: 28925390 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin carcinogenesis is known to be a multi-step process with several stages along its malignant evolution. We hypothesized that transformation of normal epidermis to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is causally linked to alterations in microRNAs (miRNA) expression. For this end we decided to evaluate their alterations in the pathologic states ending in cSCC. Total RNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded biopsies of five stages along the malignant evolution of keratinocytes towards cSCC: Normal epidermis, solar elastosis, actinic keratosis KIN1-2, advanced actinic keratosis KIN3 and well-differentiated cSCC. Next-generation small RNA sequencing was performed. We found that 18 miRNAs are overexpressed and 28 miRNAs are underexpressed in cSCC compared to normal epidermis. miR-424, miR-320, miR-222 and miR-15a showed the highest fold change among the overexpressed miRNAs. And miR-100, miR-101 and miR-497 showed the highest fold change among the underexpressed miRNAs. Heat map of hierarchical clustering analysis of significantly changed miRNAs and principle component analysis disclosed that the most prominent change in miRNAs expression occurred in the switch from 'early' stages; normal epidermis, solar elastosis and early actinic keratosis to the 'late' stages of epidermal carcinogenesis; late actinic keratosis and cSCC. We found several miRNAs with 'stage specific' alterations while others display a clear 'gradual', either progressive increase or decrease in expression along the malignant evolution of keratinocytes. The observed alterations focused in miRNAs involved in the regulation of AKT/mTOR or in those involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We chose to concentrate on the evaluation of the molecular role of miR-497. We found that it induces reversion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We proved that SERPINE-1 is its biochemical target. The present study allows us to further study the pathways that are regulated by miRNAs along the malignant evolution of keratinocytes towards cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mizrahi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Barzilai
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - D Gur-Wahnon
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - I Z Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Nephrology and Hypertension Services, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Glassberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - T Meningher
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - E Elharar
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Masalha
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Jacob-Hirsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - H Tabibian-Keissar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - I Barshack
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - J Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Leibowitz-Amit
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Y Sidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Avni
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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29
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MicroRNAs Regulate Thymic Epithelium in Age-Related Thymic Involution via Down- or Upregulation of Transcription Factors. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2528957. [PMID: 29226156 PMCID: PMC5684555 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2528957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related thymic involution is primarily induced by defects in nonhematopoietic thymic epithelial cells (TECs). It is characterized by dysfunction of multiple transcription factors (TFs), such as p63 and FoxN1, and also involves other TEC-associated regulators, such as Aire. These TFs and regulators are controlled by complicated regulatory networks, in which microRNAs (miRNAs) act as a key player. miRNAs can either directly target the 3'-UTRs (untranslated regions) of the TFs to suppress TF expression or target TF inhibitors to reduce or increase TF inhibitor expression and thereby indirectly enhance or inhibit TF expression. Here, we review the current understanding and recent studies about how miRNAs are involved in age-related thymic involution via regulation of TEC-autonomous TFs. We also discuss potential strategies for targeting miRNAs to rejuvenate age-related declined thymic function.
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30
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Laudato S, Patil N, Abba ML, Leupold JH, Benner A, Gaiser T, Marx A, Allgayer H. P53-induced miR-30e-5p inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis by targeting ITGA6 and ITGB1. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1879-1890. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Laudato
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Mohammed L. Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Joerg H. Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Department of Biostatistics; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim (UMM); Mannheim Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Mannheim (UMM); Mannheim Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis; Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg; Germany
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31
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Andersson KM, Turkkila M, Erlandsson MC, Bossios A, Silfverswärd ST, Hu D, Ekerljung L, Malmhäll C, Weiner HL, Lundbäck B, Bokarewa MI. Survivin controls biogenesis of microRNA in smokers: A link to pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:663-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Zeng SX, Hao Q, Lu H. Monitoring p53 by MDM2 and MDMX is required for endocrine pancreas development and function in a spatio-temporal manner. Dev Biol 2017; 423:34-45. [PMID: 28118981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although p53 is not essential for normal embryonic development, it plays a pivotal role in many biological and pathological processes, including cell fate determination-dependent and independent events and diseases. The expression and activity of p53 largely depend on its two biological inhibitors, MDM2 and MDMX, which have been shown to form a complex in order to tightly control p53 to an undetectable level during early stages of embryonic development. However, more delicate studies using conditional gene-modification mouse models show that MDM2 and MDMX may function separately or synergistically on p53 regulation during later stages of embryonic development and adulthood in a cell and tissue-specific manner. Here, we report the role of the MDM2/MDMX-p53 pathway in pancreatic islet morphogenesis and functional maintenance, using mouse lines with specific deletion of MDM2 or MDMX in pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Interestingly, deletion of MDM2 results in defects of embryonic endocrine pancreas development, followed by neonatal hyperglycemia and lethality, by inducing pancreatic progenitor cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. However, unlike MDM2-knockout animals, mice lacking MDMX in endocrine progenitor cells develop normally. But, surprisingly, the survival rate of adult MDMX-knockout mice drastically declines compared to control mice, as blockage of neonatal development of endocrine pancreas by inhibition of cell proliferation and subsequent islet dysfunction and hyperglycemia eventually lead to type 1 diabetes-like disease with advanced diabetic nephropathy. As expected, both MDM2 and MDMX deletion-caused pancreatic defects are completely rescued by loss of p53, verifying the crucial role of the MDM2 and/or MDMX in regulating p53 in a spatio-temporal manner during the development, functional maintenance, and related disease progress of endocrine pancreas. Also, our study suggests a possible mouse model of advanced diabetic nephropathy, which is complementary to other established diabetic models and perhaps useful for the development of anti-diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qian Hao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Stacy AJ, Craig MP, Sakaram S, Kadakia M. ΔNp63α and microRNAs: leveraging the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:2114-2129. [PMID: 27924063 PMCID: PMC5356785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular reprogramming mechanism that is an underlying cause of cancer metastasis. Recent investigations have uncovered an intricate network of regulation involving the TGFβ, Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways and small regulatory RNA species called microRNAs (miRNAs). The activity of a transcription factor vital to the maintenance of epithelial stemness, ΔNp63α, has been shown to modulate the activity of these EMT pathways to either repress or promote EMT. Furthermore, ΔNp63α is a known regulator of miRNA, including those directly involved in EMT. This review discusses the evidence of ΔNp63α as a master regulator of EMT components and miRNA, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of its role in EMT. This expanded knowledge may provide a basis for new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Stacy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Michael P. Craig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Suraj Sakaram
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Madhavi Kadakia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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Barbato S, Solaini G, Fabbri M. MicroRNAs in Oncogenesis and Tumor Suppression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:229-268. [PMID: 28729026 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) have emerged in the last 15 years as central players in the biology of cancer. Increasing lines of evidence have supported their regulatory role in the expression of both oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, progressively clarifying which genes are modulated by specific MiRNAs dysregulated in cancer. Intriguingly, a "target-specific" understanding of MiRNA function in oncology has been replaced by a more "pathway-specific" vision of their involvement in cancer biology. This work provides a state-of-the-art knowledge of the role of MiRNAs in the most frequently altered signaling pathways in cancer cells and provides an updated overview on some of the most relevant findings trying to decode the complex molecular mechanisms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barbato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Majidinia M, Yousefi B. DNA damage response regulation by microRNAs as a therapeutic target in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 47:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Goljanek-Whysall K, Iwanejko LA, Vasilaki A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, McDonagh B. Ageing in relation to skeletal muscle dysfunction: redox homoeostasis to regulation of gene expression. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:341-57. [PMID: 27215643 PMCID: PMC4935741 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9643-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and function—sarcopenia, associated with reduced independence and quality of life in older generations. A better understanding of the mechanisms, both genetic and epigenetic, underlying this process would help develop therapeutic interventions to prevent, slow down or reverse muscle wasting associated with ageing. Currently, exercise is the only known effective intervention to delay the progression of sarcopenia. The cellular responses that occur in muscle fibres following exercise provide valuable clues to the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle homoeostasis and potentially the progression of sarcopenia. Redox signalling, as a result of endogenous generation of ROS/RNS in response to muscle contractions, has been identified as a crucial regulator for the adaptive responses to exercise, highlighting the redox environment as a potentially core therapeutic approach to maintain muscle homoeostasis during ageing. Further novel and attractive candidates include the manipulation of microRNA expression. MicroRNAs are potent gene regulators involved in the control of healthy and disease-associated biological processes and their therapeutic potential has been researched in the context of various disorders, including ageing-associated muscle wasting. Finally, we discuss the impact of the circadian clock on the regulation of gene expression in skeletal muscle and whether disruption of the peripheral muscle clock affects sarcopenia and altered responses to exercise. Interventions that include modifying altered redox signalling with age and incorporating genetic mechanisms such as circadian- and microRNA-based gene regulation, may offer potential effective treatments against age-associated sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8XL, UK.
| | - Lesley A Iwanejko
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8XL, UK
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8XL, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8XL, UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8XL, UK.
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McGuinness D, Leierer J, Shapter O, Mohammed S, Gingell-Littlejohn M, Kingsmore DB, Little AM, Kerschbaum J, Schneeberger S, Maglione M, Nadalin S, Wagner S, Königsrainer A, Aitken E, Whalen H, Clancy M, McConnachie A, Koppelstaetter C, Stevenson KS, Shiels PG. Identification of Molecular Markers of Delayed Graft Function Based on the Regulation of Biological Ageing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146378. [PMID: 26734715 PMCID: PMC4703336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Delayed graft function is a prevalent clinical problem in renal transplantation for which there is no objective system to predict occurrence in advance. It can result in a significant increase in the necessity for hospitalisation post-transplant and is a significant risk factor for other post-transplant complications. Methodology The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs), a specific subclass of small RNA, have been clearly demonstrated to influence many pathways in health and disease. To investigate the influence of miRNAs on renal allograft performance post-transplant, the expression of a panel of miRNAs in pre-transplant renal biopsies was measured using qPCR. Expression was then related to clinical parameters and outcomes in two independent renal transplant cohorts. Results Here we demonstrate, in two independent cohorts of pre-implantation human renal allograft biopsies, that a novel pre-transplant renal performance scoring system (GRPSS), can determine the occurrence of DGF with a high sensitivity (>90%) and specificity (>60%) for donor allografts pre-transplant, using just three senescence associated microRNAs combined with donor age and type of organ donation. Conclusion These results demonstrate a relationship between pre-transplant microRNA expression levels, cellular biological ageing pathways and clinical outcomes for renal transplantation. They provide for a simple, rapid quantitative molecular pre-transplant assay to determine post-transplant allograft function and scope for future intervention. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the involvement of senescence pathways in ischaemic injury during the organ transplantation process and an indication of accelerated bio-ageing as a consequence of both warm and cold ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara McGuinness
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olivier Shapter
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Suhaib Mohammed
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Marc Gingell-Littlejohn
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - David B. Kingsmore
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renal Transplant Unit, Ward 4c, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, Scotland
| | - Ann-Margaret Little
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Laboratory Medicine Building, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, G12 0XL, Scotland
| | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universitätsklinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Transplantationszentrum, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Klinik für AllgemeineViszeral und Transplantationschirurgie, Chirurgische Studienzentale, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universitätsklinik für Allgemeine, Viszeralund Transplantationschirurgie, CRONA, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emma Aitken
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renal Transplant Unit, Ward 4c, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, Scotland
| | - Henry Whalen
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
| | - Marc Clancy
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renal Transplant Unit, Ward 4c, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, Scotland
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Christian Koppelstaetter
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karen S. Stevenson
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Renal Transplant Unit, Ward 4c, South Glasgow University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, Scotland
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland
- * E-mail:
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Prokhorova EA, Zamaraev AV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B, Lavrik IN. Role of the nucleus in apoptosis: signaling and execution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4593-612. [PMID: 26346492 PMCID: PMC11113907 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since their establishment in the early 1970s, the nuclear changes upon apoptosis induction, such as the condensation of chromatin, disassembly of nuclear scaffold proteins and degradation of DNA, were, and still are, considered as the essential steps and hallmarks of apoptosis. These are the characteristics of the execution phase of apoptotic cell death. In addition, accumulating data clearly show that some nuclear events can lead to the induction of apoptosis. In particular, if DNA lesions resulting from deregulation during the cell cycle or DNA damage induced by chemotherapeutic drugs or viral infection cannot be efficiently eliminated, apoptotic mechanisms, which enable cellular transformation to be avoided, are activated in the nucleus. The functional heterogeneity of the nuclear organization allows the tight regulation of these signaling events that involve the movement of various nuclear proteins to other intracellular compartments (and vice versa) to initiate and govern apoptosis. Here, we discuss how these events are coordinated to execute apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia A Prokhorova
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Zamaraev
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Translational Inflammation, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Burke SL, Hammell M, Ambros V. Robust Distal Tip Cell Pathfinding in the Face of Temperature Stress Is Ensured by Two Conserved microRNAS in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:1201-18. [PMID: 26078280 PMCID: PMC4574240 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological robustness, the ability of an organism to maintain a steady-state output as genetic or environmental inputs change, is critical for proper development. MicroRNAs have been implicated in biological robustness mechanisms through their post-transcriptional regulation of genes and gene networks. Previous research has illustrated examples of microRNAs promoting robustness as part of feedback loops and genetic switches and by buffering noisy gene expression resulting from environmental and/or internal changes. Here we show that the evolutionarily conserved microRNAs mir-34 and mir-83 (homolog of mammalian mir-29) contribute to the robust migration pattern of the distal tip cells in Caenorhabditis elegans by specifically protecting against stress from temperature changes. Furthermore, our results indicate that mir-34 and mir-83 may modulate the integrin signaling involved in distal tip cell migration by potentially targeting the GTPase cdc-42 and the beta-integrin pat-3. Our findings suggest a role for mir-34 and mir-83 in integrin-controlled cell migrations that may be conserved through higher organisms. They also provide yet another example of microRNA-based developmental robustness in response to a specific environmental stress, rapid temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Burke
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Molly Hammell
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Victor Ambros
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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41
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Tang HM, To SST. Targeting strategies on miRNA-21 and PDCD4 for glioblastoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Are microRNAs the Molecular Link Between Metabolic Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2320-38. [PMID: 25976367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in people over 65 years of age. At present, treatment options for AD address only its symptoms, and there are no available treatments for the prevention or delay of the disease process. Several preclinical and epidemiological studies have linked metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes to the pathogenesis of AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this relationship are not fully understood. Considering that less than 1% of cases of AD are attributable to genetic factors, the identification of new molecular targets linking metabolic risk factors to neuropathological processes is necessary for improving the diagnosis and treatment of AD. The dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate several biological processes, has been implicated in the development of different pathologies. In this review, we summarize some of the relevant evidence that points to the role of miRNAs in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and AD and propose that miRNAs may be a molecular link in the complex relationship between both diseases.
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Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhou J, Gao K, Dai J, Hu G, Lv L, Du J, Zhang Y. The microRNA feedback regulation of p63 in cancer progression. Oncotarget 2015; 6:8434-53. [PMID: 25726529 PMCID: PMC4496160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is a member of the p53 gene family that plays a complex role in cancer due to its involvement in epithelial differentiation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. MicroRNAs are a class of small, non-coding RNAs with an important regulatory role in various cellular processes, as well as in the development and progression of cancer. A number of microRNAs have been shown to function as transcriptional targets of p63. Conversely, microRNAs also can modulate the expression and activity of p63. However, the p63-microRNA regulatory circuit has not been addressed in depth so far. Here, computational genomic analysis was performed using miRtarBase, Targetscan, microRNA.ORG, DIANA-MICROT, RNA22-HSA and miRDB to analyze miRNA binding to the 3'UTR of p63. JASPAR (profile score threshold 80%) and TFSEARCH datasets were used to search transcriptional start sites for p53/p63 response elements. Remarkably, these data revealed 63 microRNAs that targeted p63. Furthermore, there were 39 microRNAs targeting p63 that were predicted to be regulated by p63. These analyses suggest a crosstalk between p63 and microRNAs. Here, we discuss the crosstalk between p63 and the microRNA network, and the role of their interactions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yihang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Gui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Kurzynska-Kokorniak A, Koralewska N, Pokornowska M, Urbanowicz A, Tworak A, Mickiewicz A, Figlerowicz M. The many faces of Dicer: the complexity of the mechanisms regulating Dicer gene expression and enzyme activities. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4365-80. [PMID: 25883138 PMCID: PMC4482082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence indicating that the production of small regulatory RNAs is not the only process in which ribonuclease Dicer can participate. For example, it has been demonstrated that this enzyme is also involved in chromatin structure remodelling, inflammation and apoptotic DNA degradation. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that cellular transcript and protein levels of Dicer must be strictly controlled because even small changes in their accumulation can initiate various pathological processes, including carcinogenesis. Accordingly, in recent years, a number of studies have been performed to identify the factors regulating Dicer gene expression and protein activity. As a result, a large amount of complex and often contradictory data has been generated. None of these data have been subjected to an exhaustive review or critical discussion. This review attempts to fill this gap by summarizing the current knowledge of factors that regulate Dicer gene transcription, primary transcript processing, mRNA translation and enzyme activity. Because of the high complexity of this topic, this review mainly concentrates on human Dicer. This review also focuses on an additional regulatory layer of Dicer activity involving the interactions of protein and RNA factors with Dicer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Koralewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Maria Pokornowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Anna Urbanowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Aleksander Tworak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mickiewicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
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Marcel V, Catez F, Diaz JJ. p53, a translational regulator: contribution to its tumour-suppressor activity. Oncogene 2015; 34:5513-23. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Farberov L, Herzig E, Modai S, Isakov O, Hizi A, Shomron N. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of p21 and TASK1 cellular restriction factors enhances HIV-1 infection. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1607-16. [PMID: 25717002 PMCID: PMC4406127 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.167817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play a central role in the regulation of gene expression by binding to target mRNAs. Several studies have revealed alterations in cellular miRNA profiles following HIV-1 infection, mostly for miRNAs involved in inhibiting viral infection. These miRNA expression modifications might also serve to block the innate HIV-1 inhibition mechanism. As a result, it is expected that during HIV-1 infection miRNAs target genes that hinder or prevent the progression of the HIV-1 replication cycle. One of the major sets of genes known to inhibit the progression of HIV-1 infection are cellular restriction factors. In this study, we identified a direct miRNA target gene that modulates viral spread in T-lymphocytes and HeLa-CCR5 cell lines. Following infection, let-7c, miR-34a or miR-124a were upregulated, and they targeted and downregulated p21 and TASK1 (also known as CDKN1A and KCNK3, respectively) cellular proteins. This eventually led to increased virion release and higher copy number of viral genome transcripts in infected cells. Conversely, by downregulating these miRNAs, we could suppress viral replication and spread. Our data suggest that HIV-1 exploits the host miRNA cellular systems in order to block the innate inhibition mechanism, allowing a more efficient infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luba Farberov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eytan Herzig
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shira Modai
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ofer Isakov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Amnon Hizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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47
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Erturk E, Cecener G, Tezcan G, Egeli U, Tunca B, Gokgoz S, Tolunay S, Tasdelen I. BRCA mutations cause reduction in miR-200c expression in triple negative breast cancer. Gene 2014; 556:163-9. [PMID: 25445393 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and poorly understood subclass of breast cancer (BC). Over the recent years, miRNA expression studies have been providing certain detailed overview that aberrant expression of miRNAs is associated with TNBC. Although TNBC tumors are strongly connected with loss of function of BRCA genes, there is no knowledge about the effect of BRCA mutation status on miRNA expressions in TNBC cases. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression profile of miRNAs that plays role in TNBC progression and the role of BRCA mutations in their regulation. The expression level of BC associated 13 miRNAs was analyzed in 7 BRCA mutations positive, 6 BRCA mutations negative TNBC cases and 20 non-tumoral tissues using RT-PCR. According to RT2 Profiler PCR Array Data Analysis, let-7a expression was 4.67 fold reduced in TNBCs as compared to normal tissues (P=0.031). In addition, miR-200c expression was 5.75 fold reduced in BRCA mutation positive TNBC tumors (P=0.005). Analysis revealed a negative correlation between miR-200c and VEGFA expressions (r=-468). Thus, miR-200c may be involved in invasion and metastasis in TNBC cases with BRCA mutation. In this study we provide the knowledge on the first report of association between microRNA-200c and BRCA mutations in TNBC. Further studies and evaluations are required, but this miRNA may provide novel therapeutic molecular targets for TNBC treatment and new directions for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Erturk
- Vocational School of Health Services, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gulcin Tezcan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Unal Egeli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sehsuvar Gokgoz
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sahsine Tolunay
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ismet Tasdelen
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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48
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Logotheti S, Pavlopoulou A, Galtsidis S, Vojtesek B, Zoumpourlis V. Functions, divergence and clinical value of TAp73 isoforms in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 32:511-34. [PMID: 23592418 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The p73 gene encodes the tumour suppressive full-length TAp73 and N-terminal-truncated DNp73 isoforms that act as dominant negative inhibitors of TAp73. The overall effect of p73 in oncogenesis is thought to depend on the TAp73 to DNp73 isoforms' ratio. TAp73 isoforms include a number of C-terminal variants as a result of alternative splicing in 3'-end. TAp73 isoforms protect cells from oncogenic alterations in a multifaceted way since they are implicated in the suppression of all demonstrated hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer. Their best established role is in apoptosis, a process which seems to be differently affected by each TAp73 C-terminal variant. Based on previous findings and our thorough bioinformatics analysis, we highlight that TAp73 variants are functionally non-equivalent, since they present major differences in their transactivation efficiencies, protein interactions, response to DNA damage and apoptotic effects that are attributable to the primary structure of their C terminus. In this review, we summarise these differences and we unveil the link between crucial C-terminal motifs/residues and the oncosuppressive potential of TAp73 isoforms, emphasising on the importance of considering C terminus during the development of p73-based anticancer biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Logotheti
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave, 11635, Athens, Greece
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Aberrant methylation of miR-34b is associated with long-term shiftwork: a potential mechanism for increased breast cancer susceptibility. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:171-178. [PMID: 25398683 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the evidence linking exposure to light at night (LAN) and breast cancer risk continues to accumulate, the molecular mechanisms driving this association remain to be fully elucidated. We have previously suggested that long-term exposure to LAN through shiftwork may result in dysregulated patterns of methylation genome-wide. In this study, we investigate the link between miR-34b, a miRNA suggested to be an important tumor suppressor, and shiftwork-related breast cancer. METHODS Methylation states in the miR-34b promoter region were previously compared between 10 female long-term shiftworkers and 10 folate intake- and age-matched female dayworkers participating in the Danish "Diet, Cancer and Health" prospective cohort study. In order to further explore the functional role of miR-34b in breast tumorigenesis, a genome-wide expression microarray was carried out in miR-34b-overexpressed MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the identified transcripts were further analyzed for network and functional interrelatedness using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. RESULTS We observed a 49.1 % increase in miR-34b promoter methylation among shiftworkers at a CpG site in this region (p = 0.016). Transfection of the miR-34b mimic in an MCF-7 breast cancer cell line induced differential expression of 230 transcripts that are involved in the interferon-mediated antiviral response as well as apoptotic and antiproliferative gene networks. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results suggest that long-term shiftwork may increase the risk of breast cancer via methylation-based suppression of miR-34b and a consequent reduction in immunomediated anti-tumor capacity and support our previous findings that LAN may induce epigenetic alteration of cancer-relevant microRNAs.
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lu H. Aberrant activation of p53 due to loss of MDM2 or MDMX causes early lens dysmorphogenesis. Dev Biol 2014; 396:19-30. [PMID: 25263199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although forming a heterodimer or heterooligomer is essential for MDM2 and MDMX to fully control p53 during early embryogenesis, deletion of either MDM2 or MDMX in specific tissues using the loxp-Cre system reveals phenotypic diversity during organ morphogenesis, which can be completely rescued by loss of p53, suggesting the spatiotemporal independence and specificity of the regulation of p53 by MDM2 and MDMX. In this study, we investigated the role of the MDM2-MDMX-p53 pathway in the developing lens that is a relatively independent region integrating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Using the mice expressing Cre recombinase specifically in the lens epithelial cells (LECs) beginning at E9.5, we demonstrated that deletion of either MDM2 or MDMX induces apoptosis of LEC and reduces cell proliferation, resulting in lens developmental defect that finally progresses into aphakia. Specifically, the lens defect caused by MDM2 deletion was evident at E10, occurring earlier than that caused by MDMX deletion. These lens defects were completely rescued by loss of two alleles of p53, but not one allele of p53. These results demonstrate that both MDM2 and MDMX are required for monitoring p53 activity during lens development, and they may function independently or synergistically to control p53 and maintain normal lens morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, 635 W. 165th Street, EI902A, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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