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Steinberger AE, Westfal ML, Wise PE. Surgical Decision-Making in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:191-197. [PMID: 38617844 PMCID: PMC11007598 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting patients with germline mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene. The surgical treatment of colorectal disease in FAP, which has the goal of colorectal cancer prevention, varies based on both patient and disease factors but can include the following: total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, proctocolectomy with stapled or hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy. The operative options and extent of resection, as well as the use of endoscopy and chemoprevention for the management of polyposis, will be discussed in detail in this article. In addition, commonly debated management decisions related to the treatment of patients with FAP, including the timing of prophylactic colorectal resections for patients with FAP and management of the polyp burden in the rectum, will be discussed. Finally, genotype considerations and the impact of desmoid disease on operative decisions in the setting of FAP will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie E. Steinberger
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maggie L. Westfal
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Paul E. Wise
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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2
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Farooq U, El Alayli A, Duvvuri A, Mansour R, Pasam RT, Malireddy S, Mustafa RA, Bansal A. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Chemoprevention in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:1005-1013. [PMID: 39130765 PMCID: PMC11308826 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Published literature shows mixed reports of the benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on reducing colorectal polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of NSAIDs on colorectal polyp burden in patients with FAP. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of NSAIDs vs placebo on the percent change in polyp number and polyp size in patients with FAP. Mean differences between the 2 study arms were pooled using RevMan. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs, and certainty in the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Results The search strategy identified 1021 studies, out of which we included 8 RCTs with a total of 279 patients. Treatment for 6.4 ± 2.2 months with NSAIDs reduced polyp numbers by -17.4% (95% confidence interval -26.41%, -8.29%) (low certainty [I2 89%] due to imprecision and issues with RoB) and polyp size by -15.9% (95% confidence interval -24.98%, -6.73%) (very low certainty (I2 84%) due to imprecision, inconsistency, and issues with RoB). The most common gastrointestinal adverse events reported were stomatitis, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Side effects leading to drug discontinuation were gastroenteritis and drug allergy. Conclusion Short-term use of NSAIDs reduced polyp number and polyp size but with low to very low certainty of evidence. Further large multicenter studies are needed to further explore NSAIDs as a chemopreventive measure in patients with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Loyola Medicine/MacNeal Hospital, Berwyn, Illinois
| | - Abdallah El Alayli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Abhiram Duvvuri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Razan Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ravi Teja Pasam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | | | - Reem A. Mustafa
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outcomes and Implementation Unit, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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3
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Turabi KS, Deshmukh A, Paul S, Swami D, Siddiqui S, Kumar U, Naikar S, Devarajan S, Basu S, Paul MK, Aich J. Drug repurposing-an emerging strategy in cancer therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1139-1158. [PMID: 35695911 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease affecting millions of people around the world. Despite advances in surgical and radiation therapy, chemotherapy continues to be an important therapeutic option for the treatment of cancer. The current treatment is expensive and has several side effects. Also, over time, cancer cells develop resistance to chemotherapy, due to which there is a demand for new drugs. Drug repurposing is a novel approach that focuses on finding new applications for the old clinically approved drugs. Current advances in the high-dimensional multiomics landscape, especially proteomics, genomics, and computational omics-data analysis, have facilitated drug repurposing. The drug repurposing approach provides cheaper, effective, and safe drugs with fewer side effects and fastens the process of drug development. The review further delineates each repurposed drug's original indication and mechanism of action in cancer. Along with this, the article also provides insight upon artificial intelligence and its application in drug repurposing. Clinical trials are vital for determining medication safety and effectiveness, and hence the clinical studies for each repurposed medicine in cancer, including their stages, status, and National Clinical Trial (NCT) identification, are reported in this review article. Various emerging evidences imply that repurposing drugs is critical for the faster and more affordable discovery of anti-cancerous drugs, and the advent of artificial intelligence-based computational tools can accelerate the translational cancer-targeting pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Shahab Turabi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Ankita Deshmukh
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Dayanand Swami
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shafina Siddiqui
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Urwashi Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shreelekha Naikar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411033, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India.
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4
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Neuhann TM, Haub K, Steinke-Lange V, Morak M, Laner A, Locher M, Holinski-Feder E. Long-term chemoprevention in patients with adenomatous polyposis coli: an observational study. Fam Cancer 2022; 21:463-472. [PMID: 35570229 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prospective short-term studies on effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) point towards a decrease in the number and size of polyps. Effectiveness and safety in the prevention of progression in familial polyposis with NSAIDs in long-term use, which is the prerequisite for therapeutic evaluation in prospective studies, is unknown. The total absolute observation period of 54 patients under sulindac was 399 patient years with a mean of 7.4 (2-19) years per patient. 36 patients (66.7%) showed a fast decrease of polyp burden, 8 (14.8%) were slow responders, and 9 (16.7%) had stable disease; one patient had a slow progression. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) polyp burden remained stable in 47% patients, increased in 31%, and improved in 22%. Advanced adenomas were found in 8 patients only within the first 5 years of chemoprevention, no patient developed desmoid disease, anamnestically evaluated on every follow-up. There were no life-threatening side-effects. Dosage and delivery pattern were essential for effectiveness. This study provides evidence that chemoprevention with sulindac is effective and safe and can, either alone or in combination with other drugs, become a long-term management option in cases of adenomatous polyposis. These results justify further long-term prospective chemoprevention studies to elaborate treatment protocols and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Neuhann
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina Haub
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Steinke-Lange
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Kinikum Der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Morak
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Kinikum Der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Laner
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Locher
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Holinski-Feder
- MGZ - Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3 - 5, 80335, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, Kinikum Der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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5
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Macroalgal Proteins: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040571. [PMID: 35206049 PMCID: PMC8871301 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth is the driving change in the search for new, alternative sources of protein. Macroalgae (otherwise known as seaweeds) do not compete with other food sources for space and resources as they can be sustainably cultivated without the need for arable land. Macroalgae are significantly rich in protein and amino acid content compared to other plant-derived proteins. Herein, physical and chemical protein extraction methods as well as novel techniques including enzyme hydrolysis, microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound sonication are discussed as strategies for protein extraction with this resource. The generation of high-value, economically important ingredients such as bioactive peptides is explored as well as the application of macroalgal proteins in human foods and animal feed. These bioactive peptides that have been shown to inhibit enzymes such as renin, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-1), cyclooxygenases (COX), α-amylase and α-glucosidase associated with hypertensive, diabetic, and inflammation-related activities are explored. This paper discusses the significant uses of seaweeds, which range from utilising their anthelmintic and anti-methane properties in feed additives, to food techno-functional ingredients in the formulation of human foods such as ice creams, to utilising their health beneficial ingredients to reduce high blood pressure and prevent inflammation. This information was collated following a review of 206 publications on the use of seaweeds as foods and feeds and processing methods to extract seaweed proteins.
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6
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Dexibuprofen Therapeutic Advances: Prodrugs and Nanotechnological Formulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030414. [PMID: 33808908 PMCID: PMC8003675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
S-(+) enantiomer of ibuprofen (IBU) dexibuprofen (DXI) is known to be more potent than its R-(−) form and exhibits many advantages over the racemic mixture of IBU such as lower toxicity, greater clinical efficacy, and lesser variability in therapeutic effects. Moreover, DXI potential has been recently advocated to reduce cancer development and prevent the development of neurodegenerative diseases in addition to its anti-inflammatory properties. During the last decade, many attempts have been made to design novel formulations of DXI aimed at increasing its therapeutic benefits and minimizing the adverse effects. Therefore, this article summarizes pharmacological information about DXI, its pharmacokinetics, safety, and therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, modified DXI drug delivery approaches are extensively discussed. Recent studies of DXI prodrugs and novel DXI nanoformulations are analyzed as well as reviewing their efficacy for ocular, skin, and oral applications.
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7
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Gonçalves V, Henriques AFA, Matos P, Jordan P. Ibuprofen disrupts a WNK1/GSK3β/SRPK1 protein complex required for expression of tumor-related splicing variant RAC1B in colorectal cells. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4421-4437. [PMID: 33315986 PMCID: PMC7720772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major risk factor promoting tumor development is chronic inflammation and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), including ibuprofen, can decrease the risk of developing various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the molecular mechanism behind the antitumor properties of NSAIDs has been largely attributed to inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COXs), several studies have shown that the chemopreventive properties of ibuprofen also involve multiple COX-independent effects. One example is its ability to inhibit the alternative splicing event generating RAC1B, which is overexpressed in a specific subset of BRAF-mutated colorectal tumors and sustains cell survival. Here we describe the mechanism by which ibuprofen prevents RAC1B alternative splicing in a BRAF mutant CRC cell line: it leads to decreased translocation of SRPK1 and SRSF1 to the nucleus and is regulated by a WNK1/GSK3β/SRPK1 protein kinase complex. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that ibuprofen does not inhibit the activity of any of the involved kinases but rather promotes disassembly of this regulatory complex, exposing GSK3β serine 9 to inhibitory phosphorylation, namely by AKT, which results in nuclear exclusion of SRPK1 and SRSF1 hypophosphorylation. The data shed new light on the biochemical mechanisms behind ibuprofen’s action on alternative spliced RAC1B and may support its use in personalized approaches to CRC therapy or chemoprevention regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Gonçalves
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Andreia F A Henriques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Paulo Matos
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Jordan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal.,BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Byrd DA, Judd S, Flanders WD, Hartman TJ, Fedirko V, Bostick RM. Associations of Novel Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Scores with Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:2300-2308. [PMID: 32856603 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal carcinogenesis is mechanistically linked to inflammation and is highly associated with diet and lifestyle factors that may affect chronic inflammation. We previously developed dietary (DIS) and lifestyle (LIS) inflammation scores, comprising inflammation biomarker-weighted components, to characterize the collective contributions of 19 food groups and four lifestyle exposures to systemic inflammation. Both scores were more strongly directly associated with circulating inflammation biomarkers in three validation populations, including a subset of the study population described below, than were the previously reported dietary inflammatory index and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern. METHODS We calculated the DIS and LIS in three pooled case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (N = 765 cases and 1,986 controls) with extensive dietary and lifestyle data, and investigated their associations with adenoma using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS For those in the highest (more proinflammatory) relative to the lowest (more anti-inflammatory) quintiles of the DIS and LIS, the multivariable-adjusted ORs were 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98-1.75; P trend = 0.09] and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.48-2.66; P trend < 0.001), respectively. These associations were strongest for adenomas with high-risk characteristics and among men. Those in the highest relative to the lowest joint DIS/LIS quintile had a 2.65-fold higher odds (95% CI, 1.77-3.95) of colorectal adenoma. CONCLUSIONS These results support that diets and lifestyles with higher balances of pro- to anti-inflammatory exposures may be associated with higher risk for incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma. IMPACT Our findings support further investigation of the DIS and LIS in relation to colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doratha A Byrd
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suzanne Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Dana Flanders
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terryl J Hartman
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberd M Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Patel MM. Formulation and development of di-dependent microparticulate system for colon-specific drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:312-324. [PMID: 28138901 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Site-specific delivery of drugs leads to an increase in the availability of drugs at the targeted region. The objective of the present investigation was to develop a dually functional microparticulate colon-targeted drug delivery system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Chitosan microspheres were prepared by using emulsification-chemical cross-linking technique. Formulation parameters studied include chitosan concentration, drug to polymer ratio, agitation speed, emulsifier concentration, quantity of cross-linking agent and time for cross-linking. In vitro evaluation of microspheres revealed premature release of drug in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. Since coating of microspheres is difficult to accomplish (with reproducible results), they were compacted to tablets. Enteric coating of tableted microspheres was achieved using Eudragit® S100. In vitro evaluation and SEM studies depict that the microspheres remain intact during compression process. The developed system was further evaluated for in vivo pharmacokinetic and roentgenography studies. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rabbits reveal that the onset of drug absorption from the coated tableted microspheres (T lag time = 4.67 ± 0.58 h) was significantly delayed compared to uncoated tableted microspheres. In vivo roentgenographic study revealed that the system remained intact, until it reaches to the colonic region (5 h). Thus, from the results of the study, it can be revealed that the developed system could serve as a potential tool for efficient delivery of drug to the colonic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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10
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Intini FP, Zajac J, Novohradsky V, Saltarella T, Pacifico C, Brabec V, Natile G, Kasparkova J. Novel Antitumor Platinum(II) Conjugates Containing the Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent Diclofenac: Synthesis and Dual Mechanisms of Antiproliferative Effects. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1483-1497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juraj Zajac
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Saltarella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Pacifico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 61265 Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Drew DA, Goh G, Mo A, Grady JJ, Forouhar F, Egan G, Swede H, Rosenberg DW, Stevens RG, Devers TJ. Colorectal polyp prevention by daily aspirin use is abrogated among active smokers. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 27:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Lu J, Zeng H, Liang Z, Chen L, Zhang L, Zhang H, Liu H, Jiang H, Shen B, Huang M, Geng M, Spiegel S, Luo C. Network modelling reveals the mechanism underlying colitis-associated colon cancer and identifies novel combinatorial anti-cancer targets. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14739. [PMID: 26446703 PMCID: PMC4597205 DOI: 10.1038/srep14739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and tumourigenesis has been well established. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying inflammation-associated tumourigenesis remains unknown because this process involves a complex interplay between immune microenvironments and epithelial cells. To obtain a more systematic understanding of inflammation-associated tumourigenesis as well as to identify novel therapeutic approaches, we constructed a knowledge-based network describing the development of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) by integrating the extracellular microenvironment and intracellular signalling pathways. Dynamic simulations of the CAC network revealed a core network module, including P53, MDM2, and AKT, that may govern the malignant transformation of colon epithelial cells in a pro-tumor inflammatory microenvironment. Furthermore, in silico mutation studies and experimental validations led to a novel finding that concurrently targeting ceramide and PI3K/AKT pathway by chemical probes or marketed drugs achieves synergistic anti-cancer effects. Overall, our network model can guide further mechanistic studies on CAC and provide new insights into the design of combinatorial cancer therapies in a rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjie Liang
- Soochow University, Center for Systems Biology, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Soochow University, Center for Systems Biology, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Soochow University, Center for Systems Biology, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Bauer G. Increasing the endogenous NO level causes catalase inactivation and reactivation of intercellular apoptosis signaling specifically in tumor cells. Redox Biol 2015; 6:353-371. [PMID: 26342455 PMCID: PMC4564397 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells generate extracellular superoxide anions and are protected against intercellular apoptosis-inducing HOCl- and NO/peroxynitrite signaling through the expression of membrane-associated catalase. This enzyme decomposes H2O2 and thus prevents HOCl synthesis. It efficiently interferes with NO/peroxynitrite signaling through oxidation of NO and decomposition of peroxynitrite. The regulatory potential of catalase at the crosspoint of ROS and RNS chemical biology, as well as its high local concentration on the outside of the cell membrane of tumor cells, establish tight control of intercellular signaling and thus prevent tumor cell apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of catalase or its inactivation by singlet oxygen reactivate intercellular apoptosis-inducing signaling. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite are connected with catalase in multiple and meaningful ways, as (i) NO can be oxidated by compound I of catalase, (ii) NO can reversibly inhibit catalase, (iii) peroxynitrite can be decomposed by catalase and (iv) the interaction between peroxynitrite and H2O2 leads to the generation of singlet oxygen that inactivates catalase. Therefore, modulation of the concentration of free NO through addition of arginine, inhibition of arginase, induction of NOS expression or inhibition of NO dioxygenase triggers an autoamplificatory biochemical cascade that is based on initial formation of singlet oxygen, amplification of superoxide anion/H2O2 and NO generation through singlet oxygen dependent stimulation of the FAS receptor and caspase-8. Finally, singlet oxygen is generated at sufficiently high concentration to inactivate protective catalase and to reactivate intercellular apoptosis-inducing ROS signaling. This regulatory network allows to establish several pathways for synergistic interactions, like the combination of modulators of NO metabolism with enhancers of superoxide anion generation, modulators of NO metabolism that act at different targets and between modulators of NO metabolism and direct catalase inhibitors. The latter aspect is explicitely studied for the interaction between catalase inhibiting acetylsalicylic acid and an NO donor. It is also shown that hybrid molecules like NO-aspirin utilize this synergistic potential. Our data open novel approaches for rational tumor therapy based on specific ROS signaling and its control in tumor cells. Membrane-associated catalase protects tumor cells against ROS/RNS signaling. NO can be oxidated by catalase, but can also reversibly inhibit the enzyme. ONOO− is decomposed by catalase but also drives its inactivation through singlet oxygen. Modulation of the NO level triggers singlet oxygen generation and catalase inactivation. This signaling network allows to establish synergistic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 11, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Scheit K, Bauer G. Direct and indirect inactivation of tumor cell protective catalase by salicylic acid and anthocyanidins reactivates intercellular ROS signaling and allows for synergistic effects. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:400-411. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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15
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Hereditary Colorectal Cancer and Polyposis Syndromes. Surg Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1423-4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Aihara H, Kumar N, Thompson CC. Diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment strategies for familial adenomatous polyposis: rationale and update. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26:255-62. [PMID: 24161962 PMCID: PMC5019104 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis is characterized by the development of multiple (>100) colorectal adenomas throughout the colorectum. This disorder can be caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene and can be diagnosed either clinically or genetically. After diagnosis with the condition, patients should undergo prophylactic proctocolectomy with a neoreservoir, usually an ileoanal pouch, at an appropriate time. Individuals with a family history of this disease who have not been diagnosed should be advised to attend genetic counseling and to enroll in appropriate clinical and genetic surveillance programs. Recent progress in endoscopic technology, including high-resolution endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and double-balloon endoscopy, has made possible more detailed and wide-ranging investigation of the gastrointestinal tract. Although there has been limited evidence, further studies on these new endoscopic technologies might alter the surveillance strategies for familial adenomatous polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Aihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ibuprofen enhances the anticancer activity of cisplatin in lung cancer cells by inhibiting the heat shock protein 70. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1027. [PMID: 24481441 PMCID: PMC4040650 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hsp70 is often overexpressed in cancer cells, and the selective cellular survival advantage that it confers may contribute to the process of tumour formation. Thus, the pharmacological manipulation of Hsp70 levels in cancer cells may be an effective means of preventing the progression of tumours. We found that the downregulation of Hsp70 by ibuprofen in vitro enhances the antitumoural activity of cisplatin in lung cancer. Ibuprofen prominently suppressed the expression of Hsp70 in A549 cells derived from lung adenocarcinoma and sensitized them to cisplatin in association with an increase in the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade, whereas ibuprofen alone did not induce cell death. The cisplatin-dependent events occurring up- and downstream of mitochondrial disruption were accelerated by treatment with ibuprofen. The increase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis caused by the depletion of Hsp70 by RNA interference is evidence that the increased apoptosis by ibuprofen is mediated by its effect on Hsp70. Our observations indicate that the suppression of Hsp70 by ibuprofen mediates the sensitivity to cisplatin by enhancing apoptosis at several stages of the mitochondrial cascade. Ibuprofen, therefore, is a potential therapeutic agent that might allow lowering the doses of cisplatin and limiting the many challenge associated with its toxicity and development of drug resistance.
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Rodrigues M, Calpena AC, Amabilino DB, Ramos-López D, de Lapuente J, Pérez-García L. Water-soluble gold nanoparticles based on imidazolium gemini amphiphiles incorporating piroxicam. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Waller CP, Thumser AE, Langat MK, Crouch NR, Mulholland DA. COX-2 inhibitory activity of homoisoflavanones and xanthones from the bulbs of the Southern African Ledebouria socialis and Ledebouria ovatifolia (Hyacinthaceae: Hyacinthoideae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 95:284-290. [PMID: 23859260 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The bulbs of Ledebouria socialis (Hyacinthaceae) yielded the benzocyclobutene homoisoflavonoid, (R)-2',5-dihydroxy-3',4',7-trimethoxyspiro{2H-1-benzopyran-3-(4H)-9-bicyclo[4.2.0]octa[1,3,5]triene}-4-one, socialinone (1). Ledebouria ovatifolia yielded (2ε,3R)-2,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyspiro[2H-1-benzopyran-3(4H), 5'(6'H)-cyclobuta[f][1,3]benzodioxol]-4-one (2) and the homoisoflavanone, (E)-3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one, ovatifolionone (5), the dihydrochalcone, 4,4'-dihydroxy-2',6'-dimethoxydihydrochalcone (3), and xanthone, 1,6-dihydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxy-8-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one (4) along with 21 known compounds. Structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques. The anti-inflammatory activities of the homoisoflavonoids and xanthones isolated were evaluated against cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 isoenzymes. (R)-3-(3',4'-Dihydroxybenzyl)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxychroman-4-one (7), (E)-3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxychroman-4-one (10), 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methylxanthen-9-one (6) and ovatifolionone acetate (5Ac) exhibited significant activity against cyclooxygenase-2 at <10μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine P Waller
- Natural Products Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH Surrey, UK
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Gurpinar E, Grizzle WE, Piazza GA. COX-Independent Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention by Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Front Oncol 2013; 3:181. [PMID: 23875171 PMCID: PMC3708159 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors, reduce the risk of developing cancer. Experimental studies in human cancer cell lines and rodent models of carcinogenesis support these observations by providing strong evidence for the antineoplastic properties of NSAIDs. The involvement of COX-2 in tumorigenesis and its overexpression in various cancer tissues suggest that inhibition of COX-2 is responsible for the chemopreventive efficacy of these agents. However, the precise mechanisms by which NSAIDs exert their antiproliferative effects are still a matter of debate. Numerous other studies have shown that NSAIDs can act through COX-independent mechanisms. This review provides a detailed description of the major COX-independent molecular targets of NSAIDs and discusses how these targets may be involved in their anticancer effects. Toxicities resulting from COX inhibition and the suppression of prostaglandin synthesis preclude the long-term use of NSAIDs for cancer chemoprevention. Furthermore, chemopreventive efficacy is incomplete and treatment often leads to the development of resistance. Identification of alternative NSAID targets and elucidation of the biochemical processes by which they inhibit tumor growth could lead to the development of safer and more efficacious drugs for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gurpinar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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Tabletted guar gum microspheres of piroxicam for targeted adjuvant therapy for colonic adenocarcinomas. Ther Deliv 2013; 3:1281-95. [PMID: 23259249 DOI: 10.4155/tde.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been found to be cogent as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in mitigating colorectal cancer. Thus, this present investigation was aimed to formulate an oral, targeted tablet of piroxicam microspheres for sustained and targeted adjuvant therapy for colonic adenocarcinomas. RESULTS Crosslinked guar gum microspheres of piroxicam were directly compressed into matrix tablet and coated with Eudragit S100. The optimized tablet that displayed 0% release in simulated gastric fluid, 15% in simulated intestinal fluid and 97.1% in simulated colonic fluid underwent roentgenographic study in rabbits to check its safe transit to the colon. x-ray images revealed intactness of the tablet until it reached the colon where the tablet matrix eroded. CONCLUSION The designed, conceptual formulation emerged as potential carrier for targeted adjuvant therapy of piroxicam.
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FANG FENGQI, GUO HUISHU, ZHANG JIE, BAN LIYING, LIU JIWEI, YU PEIYAO. Anti-cancer effects of 2-oxoquinoline derivatives on the HCT116 and LoVo human colon cancer cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:8062-70. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Hussain A, Brahmbhatt K, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Rizvi TA, Sharma C. Eugenol Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Gemcitabine and Induces Anticarcinogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:519-27. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kruti Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anita Priyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Musthaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Sanka K, Bandari S, Jukanti R, Veerareddy PR. Colon-Specific Microparticles of Piroxicam: Formulation and Optimization Using 32Factorial Design. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2010.513275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kim B, Giardiello FM. Chemoprevention in familial adenomatous polyposis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2011; 25:607-22. [PMID: 22122775 PMCID: PMC3569729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) predictably leads to adenomas and eventual adenocarcinomas in the lower gastrointestinal tract and less frequently, the upper gastrointestinal tract. Chemopreventive strategies have been studied in FAP patients to delay the development of adenomas in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, as well as to prevent recurrence of adenomas in the retained rectum of patients after prophylactic surgery with colectomy and ileorectal anastamosis (IRA). The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac and selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib reduce polyposis of the retained rectum after colectomy with IRA. Reports of cardiovascular risks of some NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors have led to promising studies of lower doses in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid, statin, and difluoromethylornithine. Curcumin and eicosapentaenoic acid show efficacy in small clinical trials of FAP chemoprevention. This article will review the concept of chemoprevention and the current clinical literature in FAP chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kim
- Corresponding author. The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1830 Building, Room 431, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Tel.: +1 410 955 2635; fax: +1 410 614 8337. (B. Kim)
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Tang Z, Nie ZL, Pan Y, Zhang L, Gao L, Zhang Q, Qu L, He B, Song G, Zhang Y, Shukui Wang. The Cox-2 -1195 G > A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 25 case-control studies. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:729-34. [PMID: 21734230 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2, a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids) has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes, and it has been reported that polymorphisms in the regulatory region of Cox-2 might influence its expression, contributing to the interindividual susceptibility to cancer. However, results from published studies on the association between the Cox-2 -1195G > A polymorphism and the risk of cancer are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis based on 25 case-control studies, including a total of 9482 cancer cases and 12 206 controls to derive a more precise estimation of the association and its possible influence on cancer risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The overall results indicated that the variant genotypes moderately increased risk of cancer (AA/AG versus GG, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31). In the stratified analysis for the -1195G > A polymorphism, a proximate association was observed in Asian populations (AA/AG versus GG, OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.46), but no significant association except for oesophageal cancer and 'others' was found when stratified by cancer type. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that -1195G > A of Cox-2 is a low penetration risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tang
- Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
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Guo W, Nie L, Wu D, Wise ML, Collins FW, Meydani SN, Meydani M. Avenanthramides inhibit proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines in vitro. Nutr Cancer 2011; 62:1007-16. [PMID: 21058188 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.492090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A high intake of whole grain foods is associated with reduced risk of colon cancer, but the mechanism underlying this protection has yet to be elucidated. Chronic inflammation and associated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the colon epithelium are causally related to epithelial carcinogenesis, proliferation, and tumor growth. We examined the effect of avenanthramides (Avns), unique polyphenols from oats with anti-inflammatory properties, on COX-2 expression in macrophages, colon cancer cell lines, and on proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines. We found that Avns-enriched extract of oats (AvExO) had no effect on COX-2 expression, but it did inhibit COX enzyme activity and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Avns (AvExO, Avn-C, and the methylated form of Avn-C (CH3-Avn-C)) significantly inhibited cell proliferation of both COX-2-positive HT29, Caco-2, and LS174T, and COX-2-negative HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines, CH3-Avn-C being the most potent. However, Avns had no effect on COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production in Caco-2 and HT29 colon cancer cells. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of Avns on colon cancer cell proliferation may be independent of COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production. Thus, Avns might reduce colon cancer risk through inhibition of macrophage PGE(2) production and non-COX-related antiproliferative effects in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, Avns had no effect on cell viability of confluence-induced differentiated Caco-2 cells, which display the characteristics of normal colonic epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the consumption of oats and oat bran may reduce the risk of colon cancer not only because of their high fiber content but also due to Avns, which attenuate proliferation of colonic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Guo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Patel MM, Amin AF. Formulation and development of release modulated colon targeted system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Drug Deliv 2010; 18:281-93. [PMID: 21138335 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2010.538447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a colon targeted system of meloxicam for potential application in the prophylaxis of colorectal cancer. Efficacy of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors has been proven in colorectal cancer. Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor with pH-dependent solubility. To achieve pH-independent drug release of meloxicam, pH modifying agents (buffering agents) were used. Meloxicam tablets containing polyethylene oxide were dually coated with ethyl cellulose containing hydrophilic material, polyethylene glycol as an inner coating layer and methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit® FS 30D) as outer coating layer for colon targeting. Optimized tablet formulations demonstrated good potential to deliver the drug to the colon by successfully exhibiting a lag time of 5 h during in vitro drug release study. An in vivo evaluation study conducted to ascertain pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits revealed that the onset of drug absorption from the coated tablets (T(lag time) = 4.67 ± 0.58 h) was significantly delayed compared to that from the uncoated tablets. The AUC(0→)(t) and AUC(0→∞) for coated tablets were lower than of uncoated tablets, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.01). The roentgenography study revealed that the tablet remained intact, until it reached the colon (5 h), which demonstrates that the system can efficiently deliver the drug to the colon. This study demonstrated that a meloxicam-loaded colon targeted system exhibited promising targeting and hence may be used for prophylaxis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India.
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Miliaras S, Anogeianaki A, Meditskou S, Kefala V, Koutsonikolas D, Liangouris J, Anogianakis G, Miliaras D. Effects of Rich-in-Fat Diets and Highly Selective COX-2 Inhibitors on 7,12-Dimethylbenz-(A)-Anthracene-Induced Tumor Growth. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:323-32. [DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of diet, of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or of their combination on carcinogenesis continue to be a case for controversy. Diets that are high in fat have been linked to increased risk of various tumors. At the same time there is substantial, but not conclusive, evidence that the risk of breast and colon cancer correlates with total fat intake rather than a specific type of fat. On the other hand, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been studied extensively because they appear to delay or inhibit the development of malignant and pre-malignant lesions. 7,12-Dimethylbenz-(a)-anthracene (DMBA) has been used for a long time to induce carcinogenesis in a number of rat animal models. The present study attempts to identify the effects on DMBA-induced tumor growth (a) of diets rich in fat and (b) of the highly selective COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib, which has been claimed to offer substantial protection against carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Anogeianaki
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S. Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V. Kefala
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Koutsonikolas
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J. Liangouris
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G. Anogianakis
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D. Miliaras
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sozen S, Gurocak S, Erdem O, Acar C, Kordan Y, Akyol G, Alkibay T. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression: does it have a probable role in tumorigenesis mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma? Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40:295-301. [PMID: 17899436 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-007-9268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression with clinicopathologic features and determine the impact on prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS Expression of COX-2 was evaluated immunohistochemically in RCC tissues from 62 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy between 1996 and 2004. Percentage of COX-2 staining was scored as 0 (negative), 1 (1-24%), 2 (25-49%), 3 (50-74%), and 4 (75-100%). Immunohistochemical COX-2 staining score (ISS) was defined as summation of intensity and percentage of COX-2 staining. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (43.5%) with a median follow-up of 47.8 (25-115) months stained positively for COX-2. COX-2 expression was positive in 37.1%, 50%, and 66.7% of patients with stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = 0.46). Correlation between ISS and pathological stage was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Multivariate regression analysis revealed no clinicopathologic parameter as independent predictors of progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically significant different survival rates in tumor stage, grade, and ISS. CONCLUSION Although COX-2 expression is not an independent predictor of progression in patients with RCC, patients with higher ISS values have significantly shorter progression-free survival rates. These results might be important to the clinician because positive COX-2 expression of a certain RCC might necessitate early adjuvant systemic therapy to delay the progression of RCC. For this reason, there is a need for innovative, prospective, and randomized studies in patients with positive COX-2 expression that will display the impact of systemic therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Sozen
- Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara 06500, Turkey
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Urade M. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 as a potent molecular target for prevention and therapy of oral cancer. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Mittal N, Kanwar SS, Sanyal SN. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the procarcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on the antioxidant defense system. Int J Toxicol 2008; 27:169-74. [PMID: 18404540 DOI: 10.1080/10915810801977880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with varying cycloxygenase selectivities on the small intestinal antioxidant enzyme status and surface characteristics during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) administration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five different groups: Group 1 (control, vehicle treated); group 2 (DMH treated, 30 mg/kg body weight/week, subcutaneously); group 3 (DMH + aspirin 60 mg/kg body weight); group 4 (DMH + celecoxib 6 mg/kg body weight); group 5 (DMH + etoricoxib 0.64 mg/kg body weight). Postmitochondrial fraction were isolated from the intestinal segments and different oxidative parameters and other parameters studied, such as the lipid peroxides, reduced and total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, nitric oxide, citrulline, and nucleic acids. At the end of 6 weeks of treatment, the results indicated a significant alteration in the antioxidative defense status of the intestine in the presence of the procarcinogen DMH, which was restored with the administration of NSAIDs. The study, therefore, suggests a possible mechanism for the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs against the experimental intestinal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mittal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of a number of cancers that may be amenable to prevention. The NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) have been shown to be effective chemopreventative agents in humans, but their mechanism of action is not clear. The polyamines are cellular polycations that are essential for cell growth and are overproduced in cancer cells. It is our hypothesis that inhibition of polyamine metabolism is an integral part of the mechanism of cancer prevention mediated by NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Saunders
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
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Banekovich C, Ott I, Koch T, Matuszczak B, Gust R. Synthesis and biological activities of novel dexibuprofen tetraacetylriboflavin conjugates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:683-7. [PMID: 17110105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel dexibuprofen derivatives covalently linked via alkylene spacers of variable length to tetraacetylated riboflavin have been developed. The target compounds became accessible by reaction of the chloromethyl ester of dexibuprofen with tetraacetylriboflavin (compound 7) or by synthesis of the appropriate N3-(omega-iodoalkyl)-2',3',4',5'-Tetraacetylriboflavin followed by treatment with dexibuprofen (derivatives 8-11), respectively. Biological screening revealed that the target compounds exhibit antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 breast cancer and HT-29 colon carcinoma cells with IC50 values in the range of 8-15 microM. Enzymatic studies on human platelets indicated significant COX-1 inhibitory activities of the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Banekovich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ott I, Abraham A, Schumacher P, Shorafa H, Gastl G, Gust R, Kircher B. Synergistic and additive antiproliferative effects on human leukemia cell lines induced by combining acetylenehexacarbonyldicobalt complexes with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:1903-6. [PMID: 16908070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 06/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is successfully used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, but the occurrence of resistance phenomena can significantly limit therapeutic impact. Imatinib shows synergistic effects with cisplatin, suggesting that the coadministration of different cytostatics might reestablish the efficacy of treatment. We recently demonstrated that cobalt alkyne (or acetylenehexacarbonyldicobalt) complexes induce antiproliferative activity in human leukemia and lymphoma cells. The present study evaluates the effects of cobalt alkyne compounds containing propargylic acid esters on human acute (HL-60) and chronic myeloid (LAMA-84 and CML-T1) leukemia cell lines. The cell growth inhibitory activities (IC(50) values of 9.5 microM and higher) and induction of apoptosis (maximum 5.5-fold increase of single-stranded DNA at a drug concentration of 50 microM) achieved with the single agents were moderate. Interestingly, suboptimal concentrations of the cobalt complexes (10 microM) together with imatinib (0.1 microM), when coadministered, showed an additive or synergistic effect on cellular proliferation inhibition. The most promising results were obtained with complexes containing ligands derived from the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs acetylsalicylic acid and naproxene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ott
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Several recent studies have identified nuclear factor-kappaB as a key modulator in driving inflammation to cancers. Besides this transcription factor, essential in regulating inflammation and cancer development, an inflammatory microenvironment inhabiting various inflammatory cells and a network of signaling molecules are also indispensable for the malignant progression of transformed cells, which is attributed to the mutagenic predisposition of persistent infection-fighting agents at sites of chronic inflammation. As a subverted host response to inflammation-induced tumors, the inflammatory cells and regulators may facilitate angiogenesis and promote the growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells. Thus far, research regarding inflammation-associated cancer development has focused on cytokines and chemokines as well as their downstream targets in linking inflammation and cancer. Moreover, other proteins with extensive roles in inflammation and cancer, such as signal transducers and activators of transcription, Nrf2, and nuclear factor of activated T cells, are also proposed to be promising targets for future studies. The elucidation of their specific effects and interactions will accelerate the development of novel therapeutic interventions against cancer development triggered by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Lu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA
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37
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Gurocak S, Sozen S, Erdem O, Ozkan S, Kordan Y, Alkibay T, Akyol G, Bozkirli I. Relation between Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Clinicopathologic Parameters with Patient Prognosis in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Urol Int 2006; 76:51-6. [PMID: 16401921 DOI: 10.1159/000089735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression and clinicopathologic findings with the effect of these variables on prognosis of bladder cancer. METHODS Cox-2 expression was examined immunohistochemically in paraffin blocks of 99 patients. Correlations between Cox-2 expression and variables like cancer stage and grade, number of mitoses, angiolymphatic invasion, number and size of the lesions were determined. RESULTS Cox-2 expression was detected in 52 (52.5%) patients. Univariate regression analysis between Cox-2 expression and clinicopathologic findings showed a significant correlation only in the pathologic stage of the patients (p = 0.048) (OR =2.64, CI = 0.97-7.81). Multivariate regression analysis in stage T1 revealed an increasing number of mitoses as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (p = 0.002) (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.16-1.92) and progression (p = 0.030) (OR = 8.23, CI = 1.22-55.27) although a prognostic factor was not found for progression in stage T2. CONCLUSION Univariate analysis showed that only the pathologic stage correlated significantly with Cox-2 expression. Cox-2 expression revealed a significant relation with patient prognosis in stage T2 but not in stage T1. These results support the fact that Cox-2 inhibitors may play a role in progression of invasive bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat Gurocak
- Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Bottone FG, Moon Y, Kim JS, Alston-Mills B, Ishibashi M, Eling TE. The anti-invasive activity of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is regulated by the transcription factor ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3). Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:693-703. [PMID: 15897233 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-04-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as sulindac sulfide, which has chemopreventive activity, modulate the expression of several genes detected by microarray analysis. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was selected for further study because it is a transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and its expression is repressed in human colorectal tumors as compared with normal adjacent tissue. In this report, we show that ATF3 mRNA and protein expression are up-regulated in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells following treatment with NSAIDs, troglitazone, diallyl disulfide, and resveratrol. To ascertain the biological significance of ATF3, we overexpressed full-length ATF3 protein in the sense and antisense orientations. Overexpression of ATF3 in the sense orientation decreased focus formation in vitro and reduced the size of mouse tumor xenografts by 54% in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of antisense ATF3 was protumorigenic in vitro, however, not in vivo. ATF3 in the sense orientation did not modulate apoptosis, indicating another mechanism is involved. With microarray analysis, several genes relating to invasion and metastasis were identified by ATF3 overexpression and were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and several of these genes were modulated by sulindac sulfide, which inhibited invasion in these cells. Furthermore, overexpression of ATF3 inhibited invasion to a similar degree as sulindac sulfide treatment, whereas antisense ATF3 increased invasion. In conclusion, ATF3 represents a novel mechanism in which NSAIDs exert their anti-invasive activity, thereby linking ATF3 and its gene regulatory activity to the biological activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Bottone
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Abdalla SI, Sanderson IR, Fitzgerald RC. Effect of inflammation on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in benign and malignant oesophageal cells. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26:1627-33. [PMID: 15878911 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been linked to carcinogenesis in various tissue sites. Barrett's oesophageal epithelium (BE) is a premalignant condition in which cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels are increased. However, it is not clear whether the primary stimulus for the high COX-2 levels is related to inflammation or malignancy. The effect of exogenous cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-10 and IL-13) on COX-2 expression was assessed by western blotting in three BE cancer cell lines (SEG-1, BIC-1 and OE33) and a squamous cancer cell line (OE21). Primary tissue was assessed from 17 patients with long BE segments, 13 oesophagitis, 30 oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and 40 normal oesophageal (NE) and duodenal (DU) controls. COX-2 protein expression was determined by western blotting and its tissue localization was examined using immunohistochemistry. COX-2 protein and the neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were quantified along BE segments. The leukocyte marker CD45 was used to identify any correlation between COX-2 expression and leukocyte cell distribution in EAC. IL-1beta induced COX-2 expression in SEG-1 cells (P < 0.05), whereas IL-10 and IL-13 had no effect. COX-2 protein levels were found to be increased in distal BE > proximal BE > oesophagitis > NE (P < 0.001). COX-2 expression in EAC was heterogeneous and the overall levels were not significantly increased. The increased COX-2 expression in distal BE was not associated with inflammation (MPO expression). In addition, there was no correlation between COX-2 and CD45 in AC. COX-2 protein expression in the oesophagus appears to be independent of the degree of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem I Abdalla
- Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison, MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
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Ribeiro OG, Cabrera WH, Maria DA, De Franco M, Massa S, Di Pace RF, de Souza VRC, Starobinas N, Semen M, Ibañez OM. Genetic selection for high acute inflammatory response confers resistance to lung carcinogenesis in the mouse. Exp Lung Res 2005; 31:105-16. [PMID: 15765921 DOI: 10.1080/01902140490495237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mice selected for a high acute inflammatory response (AIRmax) are resistant to chemically induced lung tumorigenesis, whereas the low responders (AIRmin) are susceptible. In urethane-treated mice, anti-inflammatory drugs increased the tumor incidence in AIRmax but not AIRmin mice, and an inverse correlation (P<.001) between the degree of acute inflammatory response (AIR) and lung tumorigenesis was found in an F2 (AIRmax x AIRmin) intercross population. The results provide evidence for the involvement of lung tumor modifier loci in AIR regulation and implicate AIR quantitative trait loci in the inherited predisposition to lung cancer.
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Kojima M, Wakai K, Tokudome S, Suzuki K, Tamakoshi K, Watanabe Y, Kawado M, Hashimoto S, Hayakawa N, Ozasa K, Toyoshima H, Suzuki S, Ito Y, Tamakoshi A. Serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:462-71. [PMID: 15718482 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relation between serum fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer, the authors conducted a nested case-control study of 169 colorectal cancer cases and 481 controls matched by age and enrollment area as part of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Serum samples were donated by subjects at baseline (between 1988 and 1990) and were stored at -80 degrees C until 2002. Serum fatty acid levels were measured by using gas chromatography and were expressed as the weight percentage of total lipids. Conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for lifestyle factors revealed that total omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.08, 0.76), alpha-linolenic acid (odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.91), docosapentaenoic acid (odds ratio = 0.30, 95% confidence interval: 0.11, 0.80), and docosahexaenoic acid (odds ratio = 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.76) all showed a significantly decreased risk for the highest versus the lowest quartile levels for colorectal cancer in men. For women, a weak negative association was observed between docosapentaenoic acid and colorectal cancer risk, although it was not statistically significant. No adverse effects of high serum levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on colorectal cancer risk were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kojima
- Department of Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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Li G, Yang T, Li L, Yan J, Zeng Y, Yu J, Zhang Y. Cyclooxygenase-2 parallels invasive depth and increased MVD in transitional cell carcinoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 37:15-9. [PMID: 15450303 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and invasive depth and angiogenesis in human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), the expression of COX-2 and von Willebrand factor (vWF) was detected in paraffin-embedded transitional cell carcinoma specimens from 50 patients with histologically confirmed bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Microvessels were counted and microvessel density (MVD) was calculated. The correlation between COX-2 and invasive depth, MVD and invasive depth, COX-2 and MVD were analyzed. COX-2 expression was significantly related to the invasive depth of tumors; it solely expressed in invasive TCC. The ratio of COX-2 positively stained samples in each stage correlated to the invasive stages; so did the proportion of COX-2 (+) cells in whole tumor cells. Also, MVD increased with the invasive stages of tumors and positively correlated to the invasive depth. The COX-2-positive TCC samples were highly vascular, their microvessel density was significantly higher than that of the COX-2-negative TCC samples. There was a positive correlation between MVD and COX-2 (+) cells proportion. Our findings suggested that COX-2 was positively correlated with the invasive depth and involved in the process of angiogenesis in human transitional cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Choi MA, Kim SH, Chung WY, Hwang JK, Park KK. Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid from Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has an anti-metastatic potential in experimental mouse lung metastasis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:210-7. [PMID: 15567173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Xanthorrhizol is a sesquiterpenoid compound isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. In this study, the anti-metastatic activity of xanthorrhizol was evaluated by using an in vivo mouse lung metastasis model and a tumor mass formation assay. Interestingly, xanthorrhizol dramatically inhibited the formation of tumor nodules in the lung tissue and the intra-abdominal tumor mass formation. Next, to examine the mechanism of the anti-metastatic action of xanthorrhizol in the mouse lung metastasis, expression patterns of the several intracellular signaling molecules were evaluated using the lung tissues with tumor nodules. Higher expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were observed in the metastatic group compared with control, but these were attenuated by the treatment of xanthorrhizol. In conclusion, xanthorrhizol exerts anti-metastatic activity in vivo and this effect could be highly linked to the metastasis-related multiplex signal pathway including ERK, COX-2, and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ah Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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44
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Abdalla SI, Lao-Sirieix P, Novelli MR, Lovat LB, Sanderson IR, Fitzgerald RC. Gastrin-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in Barrett's carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:4784-92. [PMID: 15269153 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been causally implicated in carcinogenesis. The evidence for increased COX-2 in the malignant progression of Barrett's esophagus is contradictory. We hypothesize that COX-2 expression may be causally affected by the gastrin status via the cholecystokinin 2 (CCK(2)) receptor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN COX-2 and prostaglandin E(2) expression were evaluated by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immune assay in samples of squamous esophagus, Barrett's esophagus with varying degrees of dysplasia to adenocarcinoma, and normal duodenum. Differentiation status was evaluated by histopathology and villin expression. A longitudinal case-control study compared COX-2 in patients who progressed to adenocarcinoma with nonprogressors matched for age and length of follow-up. Messenger RNA levels of gastrin and CCK(2) receptor in biopsies and cell lines were evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR, and in vitro gastrin stimulation was conducted with and without inhibitors for CCK(2) (YM022) and COX-2 (NS-398). Cell proliferation was evaluated using minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. RESULTS COX-2 expression is significantly increased in Barrett's esophagus before dysplasia development. Expression is highly variable within Barrett's dysplasia and adenocarcinoma samples independent of differentiation status. In a longitudinal case-control study, the expression levels within patients increased over time, regardless of the degree of malignant progression. Biopsies from nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus expressed increased gastrin mRNA levels compared with other biopsies. Gastrin significantly induced COX-2, prostaglandin E(2), and cell proliferation in biopsies and cell lines. Gastrin-induced proliferation can be inhibited by YM022 and NS-398. CONCLUSIONS COX-2 is up-regulated early in the Barrett's metaplasia sequence. During carcinogenesis, gastrin is a significant determinant of COX-2 activity levels via the CCK(2) receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Barrett Esophagus/genetics
- Barrett Esophagus/metabolism
- Barrett Esophagus/pathology
- Benzodiazepines/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclooxygenase 1
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Gastrins/genetics
- Gastrins/metabolism
- Gastrins/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Nitrobenzenes/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin B/genetics
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin B/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem I Abdalla
- Cancer Cell Unit Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wu G, Yi J, Di F, Zou S, Li X. Celecoxib inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis via cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Curr Med Sci 2005; 25:42-4. [PMID: 15934305 DOI: 10.1007/bf02831383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of celecoxib in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis on human pancreatic carcinoma cells, the anti-proliferative effect was measured by using methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using flow cytometry (FCM), and the PGE2 levels in the supernatant of cultured pancreatic carcinoma cells were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that celecoxib suppressed the production of PGE2 and inhibited the growth of JF-305 cells, and the anti-proliferative effect of celecoxib could be abolished by addition of PGE2. FCM revealed that celecoxib could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis by Gl- S cell cycle arrest. It was concluded that cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor celecoxib could inhibit proliferation and induced apoptosis of human pancreatic carcinoma cells via suppression of PGE2 production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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46
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Surh YJ, Kundu JK. Signal transduction network leading to COX-2 Induction: a road map in search of cancer chemopreventives. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 28:1-15. [PMID: 15742801 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is still a major global health concern even after an everlasting strive in conquering this dread disease. Emphasis is now given to chemoprevention to reduce the risk of cancer and also to improve the quality of life among cancer afflicted individuals. Recent progress in molecular biology of cancer has identified key components of the cellular signaling network, whose functional abnormality results in undesired alterations in cellular homeostasis, creating a cellular microenvironment that favors premalignant and malignant transformation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is causally linked to cancer. In response to oxidative/pro-inflammatory stimuli, turning on unusual signaling arrays mediated through diverse classes of kinases and transcription factors results in aberrant expression of COX-2. Population-based as well as laboratory studies have explored a broad spectrum of chemopreventive agents including selective COX-2 inhibitors and a wide variety of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, which have been shown to target cellular signaling molecules as underlying mechanisms of chemoprevention. Thus, unraveling signaling pathways regulating aberrant COX-2 expression and targeted blocking of one or more components of those signal cascades may be exploited in searching chemopreventive agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Surh
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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47
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Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the prostaglandins resulting from its enzymatic activity have been shown to play a role in modulating cell growth and development of human neoplasia. Evidence includes a direct relationship between COX-2 expression and cancer incidence in humans and animal models, increased tumorigenesis after genetic manipulation of COX-2, and significant anti-tumor properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in animal models and in some human cancers. Recent data showed that COX-2 and the derived prostaglandins are involved in control of cellular growth, apoptosis, and signal through a group of nuclear receptors named peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In this article we will review some of the findings suggesting that COX-2 is involved in multiple cellular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Trifan
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Center for Vascular Biology, Farmigton, CT 03032, USA
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48
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Kranenburg O, Gebbink MFBG, Voest EE. Stimulation of angiogenesis by Ras proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2004; 1654:23-37. [PMID: 14984765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells that have acquired a proliferative advantage form islets of hyperplasia during the initial stages of tumor development. Like normal cells, they require oxygen and nutrients to survive and proliferate. The centre of the islets is characterized by low oxygen pressure and low pH, conditions that stimulate the sprouting of new capillaries from nearby vascular beds. It is now well established that neovascularisation (angiogenesis) of the hyperplasias is essential for further development of the tumor. The family of ras oncogenes promotes the initiation of tumor growth by stimulating tumor cell proliferation, but also ensures tumor progression by stimulating tumor-associated angiogenesis. Oncogenic Ras proteins stimulate a number of effector pathways that culminate in the transcriptional activation of genes that control angiogenesis. Moreover, Ras signaling leads to stabilization of the produced mRNAs and, possibly, to enhanced initiation of their translation. In this review we describe the mechanisms that underlie Ras regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenases (COX-1/-2), thrombospondins (TSP-1/-2), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 (MMP-2/-9). As a result of these Ras-regulated changes in gene expression, the tumor cells cause stimulation of endothelial cells in nearby vascular beds (directly via VEGF, and indirectly via COX-produced prostaglandins) and promote remodeling of the extracellular matrix (by lowering TSP and increasing uPA/MMPs). The latter effect makes growth factors available for endothelial cell activation and migration. In addition, tumor cell-activated stromal cells also contribute to the stimulation of angiogenesis by further enhancing the production and secretion of pro-angiogenic factors into the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Kranenburg
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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49
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Sivak-Sears NR, Schwartzbaum JA, Miike R, Moghadassi M, Wrensch M. Case-control study of use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and glioblastoma multiforme. Am J Epidemiol 2004; 159:1131-9. [PMID: 15191930 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwh153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiologic and experimental studies suggests that use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces risk of colon and breast cancer. The association between use of aspirin and other NSAIDs and risk of adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was evaluated among 236 incident GBM cases and 401 population-based controls frequency-matched on age, gender, and ethnicity from the San Francisco Bay Area Adult Glioma Study. Cases (or proxies) and controls were interviewed in person between May 1997 and August 2000. Cases with self-reported GBM reported less use of at least 600 pills of all types of NSAIDs combined during the 10-year prediagnostic period than did controls (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 0.8). Findings were consistent for aspirin (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), ibuprofen (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8), and naproxen/other NSAIDs (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8). GBM cases also reported less use of acetaminophen than did controls (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.0). Eliminating participants who initiated NSAID use within 2 years of diagnosis yielded similar results. These findings show an inverse association between NSAID use and GBM. Further studies are warranted to determine whether NSAIDs might be effective in the inhibition of GBM development or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccole R Sivak-Sears
- Division of Epidemiology and Biometrics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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50
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Yao M, Lam EC, Kelly CR, Zhou W, Wolfe MM. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibition with NS-398 suppresses proliferation and invasiveness and delays liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:712-9. [PMID: 14760389 PMCID: PMC2409599 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to reduce the risk and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX). The present studies were directed to determine whether selective COX-2 inhibition reduces CRC tumour cell proliferation and invasion/migration, and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. The MC-26 cells are a highly invasive mouse CRC cell line expressing COX-2 protein. NS-398 (100 μM), a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, decreased cell proliferation by ∼35% of control, as determined using [3H]-thymidine incorporation. This reduction in cell proliferation was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Furthermore, NS-398 inhibited cell invasion/migration through Matrigel extracellular matrix components at 24 h by ∼60%. The addition of exogenous prostaglandin E2 partially attenuated the inhibition of cell invasion by 10 μM NS-398, but failed to reverse the effect of 100 μM NS-398. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) are two enzymes that facilitate cell invasion/migration by degrading the extracellular matrix. In the presence of 100 μM NS-398, Western blot hybridisation analysis and zymography demonstrated that both MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels and enzyme activity were decreased by ∼25–30%. In separate studies, NS-398 also inhibited tumour growth in vivo and retarded the formation of liver metastasis. The results of these studies indicate that the expression and activity of COX-2 appear to be associated with both the proliferative and invasive properties of CRC. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition suppresses tumour cell growth and invasion/migration, and retards liver metastasis in a mouse colon cancer model, via multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yao
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - E C Lam
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - C R Kelly
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - M M Wolfe
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. E-mail:
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