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Visentin A, Murphy CD, Alvarado-Morales M, Angelidaki I, Sweeney JB. Escherichia coli-based biorefining process yields optically pure lactic acid from fermented second-generation feedstocks. N Biotechnol 2024; 83:155-162. [PMID: 39128541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.08.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Within the circular bioeconomy the production of optically pure LA from 2nd generation feedstocks would be ideal but it is very challenging. In this paper genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains were created to resolve racemic LA solutions synthesised and produced from the fermentation of organic waste or ensiled grass. Refining LA racemic mixtures into either a D- or L-LA was achieved by cells being able to consume one LA isomer as a sole carbon and energy source while not being able to consume the other. A D-LA refining strain JSP0005 was grown on fermented source-sorted organic household waste and different grass silage leachates, which are 2nd generation feedstocks containing up to 33 g/L lactic acid racemate. In all growth experiments, L-LA was completely removed leaving D-LA as the only LA stereoisomer, i.e. resulting in optically pure D-LA, which also increased by as much as 248.6 % from its starting concentration, corresponding to 38 g/L. The strains resulting from this study are a promising first step towards a microbial based LA biorefining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Visentin
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Merlin Alvarado-Morales
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Joseph B Sweeney
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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2
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Tang J, Hu Z, Pu Y, Wang XC, Abomohra A. Bioprocesses for lactic acid production from organic wastes toward industrialization-a critical review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 369:122372. [PMID: 39241596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a crucial chemical which has been widely used for industrial application. Microbial fermentation is the dominant pathway for LA production and has been regarded as the promising technology. In recent years, many studies on LA production from various organic wastes have been published, which provided alternative ways to reduce the LA production cost, and further recycle organic wastes. However, few researchers focused on industrial application of this technology due to the knowledge gap and some uncertainties. In this review, the recent advances, basic knowledge and limitations of LA fermentation from organic wastes are discussed, the challenges and suitable envisaged solutions for enhancing LA yield and productivity are provided to realize industrial application of this technology, and also some perspectives are given to further valorize the LA fermentation processes from organic wastes. This review can be a useful guidance for industrial LA production from organic wastes on a sustainable view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Zongkun Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yunhui Pu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China; Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Golzar-Ahmadi M, Bahaloo-Horeh N, Pourhossein F, Norouzi F, Schoenberger N, Hintersatz C, Chakankar M, Holuszko M, Kaksonen AH. Pathway to industrial application of heterotrophic organisms in critical metals recycling from e-waste. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 77:108438. [PMID: 39218325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The transition to renewable energies and electric vehicles has triggered an unprecedented demand for metals. Sustainable development of these technologies relies on effectively managing the lifecycle of critical raw materials, including their responsible sourcing, efficient use, and recycling. Metal recycling from electronic waste (e-waste) is of paramount importance owing to ore-exceeding amounts of critical elements and high toxicity of heavy metals and organic pollutants in e-waste to the natural ecosystem and human body. Heterotrophic microbes secrete numerous metal-binding biomolecules such as organic acids, amino acids, cyanide, siderophores, peptides, and biosurfactants which can be utilized for eco-friendly and profitable metal recycling. In this review paper, we presented a critical review of heterotrophic organisms in biomining, and current barriers hampering the industrial application of organic acid bioleaching and biocyanide leaching. We also discussed how these challenges can be surmounted with simple methods (e.g., culture media optimization, separation of microbial growth and metal extraction process) and state-of-the-art biological approaches (e.g., artificial microbial community, synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, advanced fermentation strategies, and biofilm engineering). Lastly, we showcased emerging technologies (e.g., artificially synthesized peptides, siderophores, and biosurfactants) derived from heterotrophs with the potential for inexpensive, low-impact, selective and advanced metal recovery from bioleaching solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Golzar-Ahmadi
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Fatemeh Pourhossein
- Research Centre for Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Forough Norouzi
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nora Schoenberger
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hintersatz
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mital Chakankar
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Holuszko
- Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ponsetto P, Sasal EM, Mazzoli R, Valetti F, Gilardi G. The potential of native and engineered Clostridia for biomass biorefining. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1423935. [PMID: 39219620 PMCID: PMC11365079 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1423935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their first industrial application in the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation in the early 1900s, Clostridia have found large application in biomass biorefining. Overall, their fermentation products include organic acids (e.g., acetate, butyrate, lactate), short chain alcohols (e.g., ethanol, n-butanol, isobutanol), diols (e.g., 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol) and H2 which have several applications such as fuels, building block chemicals, solvents, food and cosmetic additives. Advantageously, several clostridial strains are able to use cheap feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, food waste, glycerol or C1-gases (CO2, CO) which confer them additional potential as key players for the development of processes less dependent from fossil fuels and with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The present review aims to provide a survey of research progress aimed at developing Clostridium-mediated biomass fermentation processes, especially as regards strain improvement by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolic Engineering of Prokaryotes, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Hadibarata T, Lam MK, Wong MK. Dilute acid-assisted microbubbles-mediated ozonolysis of Eucheuma denticulatum phycocolloid for biobased L-lactic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131082. [PMID: 38972432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Biobased L-lactic acid (L-LA) appeals to industries; however, existing technologies are plagued by limited productivity and high energy consumption. This study established an integrated process for producing macroalgae-based L-LA from Eucheuma denticulatum phycocolloid (EDP). Dilute acid-assisted microbubbles-mediated ozonolysis (DAMMO) was selected for the ozonolysis of EDP to optimize D-galactose recovery. Through single-factor optimization of DAMMO treatment, a maximum D-galactose recovery efficiency (59.10 %) was achieved using 0.15 M H2SO4 at 80 °C for 75 min. Fermentation with 3 % (w/v) mixed microbial cells (Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 and Lactobacillus acidophilus-14) and fermented residues achieved a 97.67 % L-LA yield. Additionally, this culture approach was further evaluated in repeated-batch fermentation and showed an average L-LA yield of 93.30 %, providing a feasible concept for macroalgae-based L-LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian Xiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mee Kee Wong
- PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Chawla SK, Goyal D. Enhanced production of lactic acid from pretreated rice straw using co-cultivation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sonorenesis. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:169. [PMID: 38828100 PMCID: PMC11143171 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) production from sugar mixture derived from lignocellulosic rice straw employing co- culture system of thermotolerant and inhibitor tolerant Bacillus licheniformis DGB and Bacillus sonorenesis DGS15 was carried out. In minimal media, both the strains of Bacillus DGB and DGS15 worked together by efficiently utilising glucose and xylose respectively. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for optimisation of pretreatment of rice straw to achieve maximum yield of 50.852 g/L total reducing sugar (TRS) from 100 gm of rice straw biomass. Pretreatment of rice straw resulted in its delignification, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, since the peak at 1668 cm-1 disappeared due to removal of lignin and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed disruption in structural and morphological features. Crystallinity index (CrI) of treated rice straw increased by 15.54% in comparison to native biomass. DGB and DGS15 individually yielded 0.64 g/g and 0.82 g/g lactic acid respectively, where as their co-cultivation led to effective utilisation of both glucose and xylose within 15 h (70%) and complete utilisation in 48 h, producing 49.75 g/L LA with a yield of 0.98 g/g and productivity of 1.036 g/L/h, and resulting in reduction in fermentation time. Separate hydrolysis of rice straw and co-fermentation (SHCF) of hydrolysates by Bacillus spp. enhanced the production of lactic acid, can circumvent challenges in biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simarpreet Kaur Chawla
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
| | - Dinesh Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab 147001 India
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7
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Pau S, Tan LC, Arriaga S, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of food waste in a semicontinuous SBR system: influence of the influent composition and hydraulic retention time. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:2993-3003. [PMID: 37272689 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2202824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation processes have been shown to be a good approach to food waste (FW) management. Among the commodities that can be bioproduced by using FW as an organic substrate and exploiting its biodegradability, there is lactic acid (LA). LA has gained the interest of research because of its role in the production of polylactic acid plastics. In this study, the influence of the HRT (2-5 days) used during the fermentation of the liquid fraction (∼12-13 g COD/L) of FW on LA yield and concentration was investigated. Moreover, the changes in the chemical composition (in terms of carbohydrates and organic metabolites concentration) of the influent occurring in the feeding tank were monitored and its influence on the downstream fermentation process was examined. High instability characterized the reactor run with the optimal production yield obtained on day 129 at an HRT 2 days with 0.81 g COD/g COD. This study shows the importance of the fluctuating composition of FW, a very heterogeneous and biologically active substrate, for the LA fermentation process. The non-steady state fermentation process was directly impacted by the unstable influent and shows that a good FW storage strategy has to be planned to achieve high and constant LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pau
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Environmental Sciences Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Piet N L Lens
- School of Natural Science, Microbiology Department, National University of IrelandGalway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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8
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Khunnonkwao P, Thitiprasert S, Jaiaue P, Khumrangsee K, Cheirsilp B, Thongchul N. The outlooks and key challenges in renewable biomass feedstock utilization for value-added platform chemical via bioprocesses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30830. [PMID: 38770303 PMCID: PMC11103475 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of renewable biomass feedstock into value-added products via bioprocessing platforms has become attractive because of environmental and health concerns. Process performance and cost competitiveness are major factors in the bioprocess design to produce desirable products from biomass feedstock. Proper pretreatment allows delignification and hemicellulose removal from the liquid fraction, allowing cellulose to be readily hydrolyzed to monomeric sugars. Several industrial products are produced via sugar fermentation using either naturally isolated or genetically modified microbes. Microbial platforms play an important role in the synthesis of several products, including drop-in chemicals, as-in products, and novel compounds. The key elements in developing a fermentation platform are medium formulation, sterilization, and active cells for inoculation. Downstream bioproduct recovery may seem like a straightforward chemical process, but is more complex, wherein cost competitiveness versus recovery performance becomes a challenge. This review summarizes the prospects for utilizing renewable biomass for bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwana Khunnonkwao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sitanan Thitiprasert
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phetcharat Jaiaue
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Katsaya Khumrangsee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Thongchul
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Bernal-Castro C, Espinosa-Poveda E, Gutiérrez-Cortés C, Díaz-Moreno C. Vegetable substrates as an alternative for the inclusion of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential in food matrices. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:833-846. [PMID: 38487286 PMCID: PMC10933215 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable substrates are food matrices with micronutrients, antioxidants, and fiber content with a high potential for bioprocesses development. In addition, they have been recognized as essential sources of a wide range of phytochemicals that, individually or in combination, can act as bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and recently due to their status as prebiotics in the balance of the human intestinal microbiota. This systematic review explores the benefits of lactic fermentation of plant matrices such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and cereals by bacteria with probiotic potential, guaranteeing cell viability (106-107 CFU/mL) and generating bioactive metabolic products for modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bernal-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias, Doctorado en Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elpidia Espinosa-Poveda
- Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Cortés
- Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Consuelo Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Qiu Z, Wang G, Shao W, Cao L, Tan H, Shao S, Jin C, Xia J, He J, Liu X, He A, Han X, Xu J. Third-generation D-lactic acid production using red macroalgae Gelidium amansii by co-fermentation of galactose, glucose and xylose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130631. [PMID: 38554760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgae biomass has been considered as a promising renewable feedstock for lactic acid production owing to its lignin-free, high carbohydrate content and high productivity. Herein, the D-lactic acid production from red macroalgae Gelidium amansii by Pediococcus acidilactici was investigated. The fermentable sugars in G. amansii acid-prehydrolysate were mainly galactose and glucose with a small amounts of xylose. P. acidilactici could simultaneously ferment the mixed sugars of galactose, glucose and xylose into D-lactic acid at high yield (0.90 g/g), without carbon catabolite repression (CCR). The assimilating pathways of these sugars in P. acidilactici were proposed based on the whole genome sequences. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of the pretreated and biodetoxified G. amansii was also conducted, a record high of D-lactic acid (41.4 g/L) from macroalgae biomass with the yield of 0.34 g/g dry feedstock was achieved. This study provided an important biorefinery strain for D-lactic acid production from macroalgae biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longyu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hufangguo Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- School of Marine and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ci Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Reiter MA, Bradley T, Büchel LA, Keller P, Hegedis E, Gassler T, Vorholt JA. A synthetic methylotrophic Escherichia coli as a chassis for bioproduction from methanol. Nat Catal 2024; 7:560-573. [PMID: 38828428 PMCID: PMC11136667 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Methanol synthesized from captured greenhouse gases is an emerging renewable feedstock with great potential for bioproduction. Recent research has raised the prospect of methanol bioconversion to value-added products using synthetic methylotrophic Escherichia coli, as its metabolism can be rewired to enable growth solely on the reduced one-carbon compound. Here we describe the generation of an E. coli strain that grows on methanol at a doubling time of 4.3 h-comparable to many natural methylotrophs. To establish bioproduction from methanol using this synthetic chassis, we demonstrate biosynthesis from four metabolic nodes from which numerous bioproducts can be derived: lactic acid from pyruvate, polyhydroxybutyrate from acetyl coenzyme A, itaconic acid from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and p-aminobenzoic acid from the chorismate pathway. In a step towards carbon-negative chemicals and valorizing greenhouse gases, our work brings synthetic methylotrophy in E. coli within reach of industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Reiter
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Bradley
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars A. Büchel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Keller
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emese Hegedis
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gassler
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A. Vorholt
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Erdas A, Marti ME. Eco-Friendly Approach for the Recovery of Lactic Acid by Complex Extraction. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16959-16968. [PMID: 38645318 PMCID: PMC11025082 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for high-purity lactic acid (LA) for biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, LA recovery by green techniques has been attracting the attention. This study focuses on the evaluation of vegetable oils as organic phase diluents in complex extraction of LA with an aliphatic tertiary amine extractant, trioctylamine (TOA). Eight vegetable oils were tested, and their performances were evaluated individually and compared with those obtained using 1-octanol. Extraction yields with these oils were similar; however, efficiencies with safflower oil (SFO) were slightly higher than those obtained with other oils tested. Efficiency with SFO + TOA varied inversely with temperature and pH; however, it increased with higher LA and TOA concentrations. Within the ranges of parameters investigated, the highest yield in SFO was 66% and was achieved at the highest TOA (1.0 M) and LA (1.5 M) concentrations. The efficiency obtained in 1-octanol under the identical conditions was 76%. Thus, the yields obtained with SFO + TOA and 1-octanol + TOA were comparable under most of the conditions tested, especially at the higher LA concentrations, which is preferred for commercial production. Following that, >99% of the LA was transferred from the organic phase to the (second) aqueous phase using NaOH (1.0 M) as a stripping agent. The organic phase was tested in subsequent extractions, and yields comparable to those obtained in the first uses were achieved. This study demonstrated that vegetable oils have the potential to be used as organic phase diluents during complex extraction of LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybikenur Erdas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical
University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Esen Marti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical
University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
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Nastouli A, Sweeney J, Harasek M, Karabelas AJ, Patsios SI. Development of a hybrid bio-purification process of lactic acid solutions employing an engineered E. coli strain in a membrane bioreactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:48. [PMID: 38555439 PMCID: PMC10981347 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential alternative to lactic acid production through sugar fermentation is its recovery from grass silage leachate. The separation and purification of lactic acid from fermentation broths remain a key issue, as it amounts to up to 80% of its industrial production cost. In this study, a genetically engineered E. coli strain (A1:ldhA), that cannot catabolize lactic acid, has been used to selectively remove impurities from a synthetic medium comprising typical components (i.e., glucose and acetic acid) of green grass silage leachate. A systematic approach has been followed to provide a proof-of-concept for a bio-purification process of lactic acid solutions in a membrane bioreactor operating in semi-continuous mode. RESULTS The synthetic medium composition was initially optimized in shake-flasks experiments, followed by scale-up in bench-scale bioreactor. Complete (i.e., 100%) and 60.4% removal for glucose and acetic acid, respectively, has been achieved in batch bioreactor experiments with a synthetic medium comprising 0.5 g/L glucose and 0.5 g/L acetic acid as carbon sources, and 10 g/L lactic acid; no lactic acid catabolism was observed in all batch fermentation tests. Afterwards, a hybrid biotechnological process combining semi-continuous bioreactor fermentation and ultrafiltration membrane separation (membrane bioreactor) was applied to in-situ separate purified medium from the active cells. The process was assessed under different semi-continuous operating conditions, resulting in a bacteria-free effluent and 100% glucose and acetic acid depletion, with no lactic acid catabolism, thus increasing the purity of the synthetic lactic acid solution. CONCLUSIONS The study clearly demonstrated that a bio-purification process for lactic acid employing the engineered E. coli strain cultivated in a membrane bioreactor is a technically feasible concept, paving the way for further technological advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nastouli
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joseph Sweeney
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Harasek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasios J Karabelas
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiris I Patsios
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Renewable Energies, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas (CERTH), Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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14
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Kim S, Kim JC, Kim YY, Yang JE, Lee HM, Hwang IM, Park HW, Kim HM. Utilization of coffee waste as a sustainable feedstock for high-yield lactic acid production through microbial fermentation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169521. [PMID: 38141985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is an important industrial precursor; however, high substrate costs are a major challenge in microbial fermentation-based lactic acid production. Coffee waste is a sustainable feedstock alternative for lactic acid production via microbial fermentation. Herein, the feasibility of coffee waste as a feedstock was explored by employing appropriate pretreatment methods and optimizing enzyme combinations. Coffee waste pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid along with a combination of Viscozyme L, Celluclast 1.5 L, and Pectinex Ultra SP-L achieved the 78.9 % sugar conversion rate at a substrate concentration of 4 % (w/v). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WiKim0126-induced fermentation with a 4 % solid loading yielded a lactic acid concentration of 22.8 g/L (99.6 % of the theoretical maximum yield) and productivity of 0.95 g/L/h within 24 h. These findings highlight the viability of coffee waste as an eco-friendly resource for sustainable lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulbi Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Yeol Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Lee
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Woong Park
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Myeong Kim
- Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Schütterle DM, Hegner R, Temovska M, Ortiz-Ardila AE, Angenent LT. Exclusive D-lactate-isomer production during a reactor-microbiome conversion of lactose-rich waste by controlling pH and temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121045. [PMID: 38159537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lactate is among the top-ten-biobased products. It occurs naturally as D- or L-isomer and as a racemic mixture (DL-lactate). Generally, lactate with a high optical purity is more valuable. In searching for suitable renewable feedstocks for lactate production, unutilized organic waste streams are increasingly coming into focus. Here, we investigated acid whey, which is a lactose-rich byproduct of yogurt production, that represents a considerable environmental footprint for the dairy industry. We investigated the steering of the lactate-isomer composition in a continuous and open culture system (HRT = 0.6 d) at different pH values (pH 5.0 vs. pH 6.5) and process temperatures (38°C to 50°C). The process startup was achieved by autoinoculation. At a pH of 5.0 and a temperature of 47°C-50°C, exclusive D-lactate production occurred because of the dominance of Lactobacillus spp. (> 95% of relative abundance). The highest volumetric D-lactate production rate of 722 ± 94.6 mmol C L-1 d-1 (0.90 ± 0.12 g L-1 h-1), yielding 0.93 ± 0.15 mmol C mmol C-1, was achieved at a pH of 5.0 and a temperature of 44°C (n = 18). At a pH of 6.5 and a temperature of 44°C, we found a mixture of DL-lactate (average D-to-L-lactate production rate ratio of 1.69 ± 0.90), which correlated with a high abundance of Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. However, exclusive L-lactate production could not be achieved. Our results show that for the continuous conversion of lactose-rich dairy waste streams, the pH was a critical process parameter to control the yield of lactate isomers by influencing the composition of the microbiota. In contrast, temperature adjustments allowed the improvement of bioprocess kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea M Schütterle
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Richard Hegner
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Monika Temovska
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany; AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Max Planck Ring 5, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andrés E Ortiz-Ardila
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, Tübingen 72076, Germany; AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Max Planck Ring 5, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10D, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center (CORC), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10C, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark; Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72074, Germany.
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16
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Mahmud MZA, Mobarak MH, Hossain N. Emerging trends in biomaterials for sustainable food packaging: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24122. [PMID: 38226272 PMCID: PMC10788806 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review investigates a variety of creative approaches in the field of sustainable food packaging biomaterials in response to growing environmental concerns and the negative effects of traditional plastic packaging. The study carefully looks at new developments in biomaterials, such as biodegradable polymers, ceramics, composites, and metal alloys, in response to the growing need for environmentally suitable substitutes. It highlights how they might replace conventional plastic packaging and lessen environmental damage. Moreover, the incorporation of nanotechnology into packaging is closely examined due to its crucial function in improving barrier qualities, introducing antimicrobial properties, and introducing smart packaging features. The investigation includes edible coatings and films made of biodegradable polymers that offer new sensory experiences in addition to prolonging the shelf life of products. The review emphasizes the use of biomaterials derived from food processing and agricultural waste, supporting environmentally responsible methods of producing materials while simultaneously using less resources and waste. As a strong defense against plastic pollution, the report highlights the food industry's increasing use of recyclable and biodegradable packaging, which is in line with the concepts of the circular economy. A movement in consumer tastes and regulatory pressures toward sustainable food packaging is evident in global market patterns. Notwithstanding these encouraging trends, there are still issues to be resolved, including cost-effectiveness, technological constraints, and the scalability of biomaterial production. This thorough analysis concludes by highlighting the critical role biomaterials have played in guiding the food industry toward sustainability and emphasizing the need for ongoing research and development to adequately address environmental issues on a worldwide scale and satisfy the growing demand for environmentally friendly packaging options. Biomaterials show great promise as catalysts for the food industry's transition to a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zobair Al Mahmud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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17
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Sudhakar MP, Maurya R, Mehariya S, Karthikeyan OP, Dharani G, Arunkumar K, Pereda SV, Hernández-González MC, Buschmann AH, Pugazhendhi A. Feasibility of bioplastic production using micro- and macroalgae- A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117465. [PMID: 37879387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastic disposal and their degraded products in the environment are global concern due to its adverse effects and persistence in nature. To overcome plastic pollution and its impacts on environment, a sustainable bioplastic production using renewable feedstock's, such as algae, are envisioned. In this review, the production of polymer precursors such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, agar, carrageenan and alginate from microalgae and macroalgae through direct conversion and fermentation routes are summarized and discussed. The direct conversion of algal biopolymers without any bioprocess (whole algal biomass used emphasizing zero waste discharge concept) favours economic feasibility. Whereas indirect method uses conversion of algal polymers to monomers after pretreatment followed by bioplastic precursor production by fermentation are emphasized. This review paper also outlines the current state of technological developments in the field of algae-based bioplastic, both in industry and in research, and highlights the creation of novel solutions for green bioplastic production employing algal polymers. Finally, the cost economics of the bioplastic production using algal biopolymers are clearly mentioned with future directions of next level bioplastic production. In this review study, the cost estimation was given at laboratory level bioplastic production using casting methods. Further development of bioplastics at pilot scale level may give clear economic feasibility of production at industry. Here, in this review, we emphasized the overview of algal biopolymers for different bioplastic product development and its economic value and also current industries involved in bioplastic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar
- Marine Biopolymers & Advanced Bioactive Materials Research Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India; Marine Biotechnology Division, Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rahulkumar Maurya
- Coastal Algae Cultivation, Microbial Biofuels & Biochemicals, Advanced Biofuels Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, Navi Mumbai, 400 708, India
| | | | - Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Gopal Dharani
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kulanthiyesu Arunkumar
- Microalgae Group-Phycoscience Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671 320, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Sandra V Pereda
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - María C Hernández-González
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Buschmann
- Centro i-mar, CeBiB and Núcleo Milenio MASH, Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Región de Los Lagos, Chile
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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de Farias PM, Matheus JRV, Fai AEC, de Vasconcelos LB, Tapia-Blácido DR. Global Research Trends on the Utilization of Nopal (Opuntia Sp) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Industrial Use. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:621-629. [PMID: 37861933 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Although nopal cladodes are a valuable bioactive compound source, they have historically been underused. This review draws a parallel between quantitative and qualitative data from the most outstanding scientific research concerning nopal cladodes in the last five years by implementing a bibliometric analysis. Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Morocco accounted for approximately 55% of the 111 articles selected for this review. Nopal cladodes are a great source of nourishing ingredients such as mucilage, pectin, insoluble fibers, minerals, ascorbic acid, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin), flavonoids (e.g., isorhamnetin, quercetin, rutin, and catechin), phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol and β-campesterol). Additionally, they offer technological benefits as a food ingredient, allied to good sensory acceptability. The findings suggest that medium-aged cladodes (20 days) have the highest concentration of soluble fiber, protein, and bioactive compounds, rendering them the optimal maturity stage for consumption and processing. Therefore, nopal cladodes can be exploited for several industries, including biotechnology, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and they have attracted attention as a promising ingredient for the food industry in the concept of the next generation of innovative and functional vegetable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marques de Farias
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Delia R Tapia-Blácido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Binczarski MJ, Zuberek JZ, Samadi P, Cieslak M, Kaminska I, Berlowska J, Pawlaczyk A, Szynkowska-Jozwik MI, Witonska IA. Use of copper-functionalized cotton waste in combined chemical and biological processes for production of valuable chemical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34681-34692. [PMID: 38035250 PMCID: PMC10682913 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton textiles modified with copper compounds have a documented mechanism of antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was pronounced interest in finding new solutions for textile engineering, using modifiers and bioactive methods of functionalization, including introducing copper nanoparticles and complexes into textile products (e.g. masks, special clothing, surface coverings, or tents). However, copper can be toxic, depending on its form and concentration. Functionalized waste may present a risk to the environment if not managed correctly. Here, we present a model for managing copper-modified cotton textile waste. The process includes pressure and temperature-assisted hydrolysis and use of the hydrolysates as a source of sugars for cultivating yeast and lactic acid bacteria biomass as valuable chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J Binczarski
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Justyna Z Zuberek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Payam Samadi
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Malgorzata Cieslak
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Textile Technologies 19/27 Marii Sklodowska-Curie Street 90-570 Lodz Poland
| | - Irena Kaminska
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Textile Technologies 19/27 Marii Sklodowska-Curie Street 90-570 Lodz Poland
| | - Joanna Berlowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology 171/173 Wolczanska Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlaczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | | | - Izabela A Witonska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
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20
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Sansatchanon K, Sudying P, Promdonkoy P, Kingcha Y, Visessanguan W, Tanapongpipat S, Runguphan W, Kocharin K. Development of a Novel D-Lactic Acid Production Platform Based on Lactobacillus saerimneri TBRC 5746. J Microbiol 2023; 61:853-863. [PMID: 37707762 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
D-Lactic acid is a chiral, three-carbon organic acid, that bolsters the thermostability of polylactic acid. In this study, we developed a microbial production platform for the high-titer production of D-lactic acid. We screened 600 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and identified twelve strains that exclusively produced D-lactic acid in high titers. Of these strains, Lactobacillus saerimneri TBRC 5746 was selected for further development because of its homofermentative metabolism. We investigated the effects of high temperature and the use of cheap, renewable carbon sources on lactic acid production and observed a titer of 99.4 g/L and a yield of 0.90 g/g glucose (90% of the theoretical yield). However, we also observed L-lactic acid production, which reduced the product's optical purity. We then used CRISPR/dCas9-assisted transcriptional repression to repress the two Lldh genes in the genome of L. saerimneri TBRC 5746, resulting in a 38% increase in D-lactic acid production and an improvement in optical purity. This is the first demonstration of CRISPR/dCas9-assisted transcriptional repression in this microbial host and represents progress toward efficient microbial production of D-lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitisak Sansatchanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pipat Sudying
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Peerada Promdonkoy
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yutthana Kingcha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sutipa Tanapongpipat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Weerawat Runguphan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokarn Kocharin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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21
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Papadopoulou E, Vance C, Rozene Vallespin PS, Tsapekos P, Angelidaki I. Saccharina latissima, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant as alternative carbohydrate and nutrient sources for lactic acid production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129078. [PMID: 37100293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To substitute petroleum-based materials with bio-based alternatives, microbial fermentation combined with inexpensive biomass is suggested. In this study Saccharina latissima hydrolysate, candy-factory waste, and digestate from full-scale biogas plant were explored as substrates for lactic acid production. The lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus were tested as starter cultures. Sugars released from seaweed hydrolysate and candy-waste were successfully utilized by the studied bacterial strains. Additionally, seaweed hydrolysate and digestate served as nutrient supplements supporting microbial fermentation. According to the highest achieved relative lactic acid production, a scaled-up co-fermentation of candy-waste and digestate was performed. Lactic acid reached a concentration of 65.65 g/L, with 61.69% relative lactic acid production, and 1.37 g/L/hour productivity. The findings indicate that lactic acid can be successfully produced from low-cost industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Papadopoulou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Charlene Vance
- School of Biosystems & Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Agriculture Building, UCD Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paloma S Rozene Vallespin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis Tsapekos
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
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22
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Haokok C, Lunprom S, Reungsang A, Salakkam A. Efficient production of lactic acid from cellulose and xylan in sugarcane bagasse by newly isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Levilactobacillus brevis through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17935. [PMID: 37449189 PMCID: PMC10336797 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is one of the promising lignocellulosic feedstocks for bio-based chemicals production. However, to date, most research focuses mainly on the cellulose conversion process, while hemicellulose remains largely underutilized. The conversion of glucose and xylose derived from lignocellulosic biomass can be a promising strategy to improve utilization efficiencies of resources, energy, and water, and at the same time reduce wastes generated from the process. Here, attempts were made to convert cellulose and xylan in sugarcane bagasse (SB) into lactic acid (LA) through a pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SScF) process using newly isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TSKKU P-8 and Levilactobacillus brevis CHKKU N-6. The process yielded 91.9 g/L of LA, with a volumetric productivity of 0.85 g/(L·h). This was equivalent to 137.8 ± 3.4 g-LA, a yield on substrate (pretreated SB) of 0.86 g/g, and a productivity of 1.28 g/h, based on a final volume of 1.5 L. On the other hand, pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using La. plantarum TSKKU P-8 as a monoculture gave 86.7 ± 0.2 g/L of LA and a volumetric productivity of 0.8 g/(L·h), which were equivalent to 104.8 ± 0.3 g-LA, a yield on substrate of 0.65 g/g, and a productivity of 0.97 g/h, based on a final volume of 1.2 L. Mass balance calculated based on mass of raw SB entering the process showed that the SScF process improved the product yield by 32% as compared with SSF process, resulting in 14% improvement in medium-based economic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chularat Haokok
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Lunprom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Apilak Salakkam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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23
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Bühlmann CH, Mickan BS, Tait S, Batstone DJ, Bahri PA. Lactic acid production from food waste at an anaerobic digestion biorefinery: effect of digestate recirculation and sucrose supplementation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177739. [PMID: 37251566 PMCID: PMC10214416 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Low lactic acid (LA) yields from direct food waste (FW) fermentation restrict this production pathway. However, nitrogen and other nutrients within FW digestate, in combination with sucrose supplementation, may enhance LA production and improve feasibility of fermentation. Therefore, this work aimed to improve LA fermentation from FWs by supplementing nitrogen (0-400 mgN·L-1) as NH4Cl or digestate and dosing sucrose (0-150 g·L-1) as a low-cost carbohydrate. Overall, NH4Cl and digestate led to similar improvements in the rate of LA formation (0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.02 h-1 for NH4Cl and digestate, respectively), but NH4Cl also improved the final concentration, though effects varied between treatments (5.2 ± 4.6 g·L-1). While digestate altered the community composition and increased diversity, sucrose minimised community diversion from LA, promoted Lactobacillus growth at all dosages, and enhanced the final LA concentration from 25 to 30 g·L-1 to 59-68 g·L-1, depending on nitrogen dosage and source. Overall, the results highlighted the value of digestate as a nutrient source and sucrose as both community controller and means to enhance the LA concentration in future LA biorefinery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bede S. Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Richgro Garden Products, Jandakot, WA, Australia
| | - Stephan Tait
- Centre for Agricultural Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Damien J. Batstone
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Parisa A. Bahri
- Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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24
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Swetha TA, Ananthi V, Bora A, Sengottuvelan N, Ponnuchamy K, Muthusamy G, Arun A. A review on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) production from fermentative food waste - Its applications and degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123703. [PMID: 36801291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its low carbon footprint and environmental friendliness, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely produced bioplastics in the world. Manufacturing attempts to partially replace petrochemical plastics with PLA are growing year over year. Although this polymer is typically used in high-end applications, its use will increase only if it can be produced at the lowest cost. As a result, food wastes rich in carbohydrates can be used as the primary raw material for the production of PLA. Lactic acid (LA) is typically produced through biological fermentation, but a suitable downstream separation process with low production costs and high product purity is also essential. The global PLA market has been steadily expanding with the increased demand, and PLA has now become the most widely used biopolymer across a range of industries, including packaging, agriculture, and transportation. Therefore, the necessity for an efficient manufacturing method with reduced production costs and a vital separation method is paramount. The primary goal of this study is to examine the various methods of lactic acid synthesis, together with their characteristics and the metabolic processes involved in producing lactic acid from food waste. In addition, the synthesis of PLA, possible difficulties in its biodegradation, and its application in diverse industries have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Angelin Swetha
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - V Ananthi
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhispa Bora
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | | | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - A Arun
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India.
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25
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Pazmiño-Mayorga I, Jobson M, Kiss AA. A Systematic Methodology for the Synthesis of Advanced Reactive Distillation Technologies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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26
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Chakraborty D, Palani SG, Ghangrekar MM, Wong JWC. Reactive extraction of lactic and acetic acids from leached bed reactor leachate and process optimization by response surface methodology. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36872877 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2186272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on extracting lactic and acetic acids from the leachate collected from leached bed reactor (LBR) during acidogenesis of food waste using the reactive extraction (RE) process. A wide range of diluents was screened either alone by physical extraction (PE) or in combination with extractants using RE to extract acids from the VFA mix. Aliquat 336-Butyl acetate/MIBK extractants in RE demonstrated higher distribution coefficients (k) and extraction yield (E %) than PE. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of lactic and acetic acids from the synthetic acid mix, using three variables (extractant concentrations, solute/acid concentration and time). Consequently, these three variables were optimized for LBR leachate. The RE was promising, and extraction efficiencies of 65% (lactate), 75% (acetate), 86.2% (propionate) and almost 100% for butyrate and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) were achieved after 16 h of extraction. The RSM optimization predicted a maximum E % of 59.60% and 34.67% for lactate and acetate in 5.5 and 1.17 min, respectively. In the leachate experiment, an increase in E% and k was observed with increasing extractant concentration and lactate and acetate concentrations over time. Using a 1M reactive extractant mix and 1.25 and 12 g/L of solute concentrations, the maximum E % of acetate and lactate were 38.66% and 61.8% in 10 min. The results could contribute to developing a rapid in-situ product recovery system integrated with food waste acidogenesis for lactate and acetate recovery, contributing to the bio-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkumar Chakraborty
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Sankar Ganesh Palani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, India
| | | | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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27
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Pau S, Tan LC, Arriaga Garcia SL, Lens PN. Effect of thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment on lactic acid fermentation of food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:566-574. [PMID: 36169149 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) generation has become one of the largest environmental concerns for human society. Thanks to its chemical features and its high biodegradability, FW can be used as starting platform to produce biocommodities. Lactic acid (LA) is one of those chemicals that is gaining the attention of industry and research for its important role in polylactic acids production. To exploit better the organic content of FW, several FW pretreatments have been proposed in the literature, though none of them were aimed at influencing LA fermentation. Thermal and ultrasonic pretreatment effects on solubilization rates and LA production yields have been investigated in this batch study. The highest solubilization rate was achieved with 30 minutes ultrasonic pretreated FW resulting in a 15% increment in soluble COD (sCOD). The highest LA yield was obtained after 90-minute thermal pretreatment at 80 and 100°C at a yield of 0.49 g LA•g COD-1. This study shows that ultrasonic pretreatment generally performed better than thermal pretreatment when considering the increase in sCOD but caused a reduction in LA concentrations and yields after fermentation with high production of ethanol. The opposite trend was recorded in the thermal pretreated incubations, in which LA was present for 50% of the sCOD with higher LA concentrations of 2.90 g COD•L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pau
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sonia Lorena Arriaga Garcia
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Environmental Sciences Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Piet Nl Lens
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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28
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Hu M, Bao W, Peng Q, Hu W, Yang X, Xiang Y, Yan X, Li M, Xu P, He Q, Yang S. Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for co-production of D-lactic acid and ethanol using waste feedstocks of molasses and corncob residue hydrolysate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1135484. [PMID: 36896016 PMCID: PMC9989019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate is the precursor for polylactide. In this study, a lactate producer of Z. mobilis was constructed by replacing ZMO0038 with LmldhA gene driven by a strong promoter PadhB, replacing ZMO1650 with native pdc gene driven by Ptet, and replacing native pdc with another copy of LmldhA driven by PadhB to divert carbon from ethanol to D-lactate. The resultant strain ZML-pdc-ldh produced 13.8 ± 0.2 g/L lactate and 16.9 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol using 48 g/L glucose. Lactate production of ZML-pdc-ldh was further investigated after fermentation optimization in pH-controlled fermenters. ZML-pdc-ldh produced 24.2 ± 0.6 g/L lactate and 12.9 ± 0.8 g/L ethanol as well as 36.2 ± 1.0 g/L lactate and 40.3 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol, resulting in total carbon conversion rate of 98.3% ± 2.5% and 96.2% ± 0.1% with final product productivity of 1.9 ± 0.0 g/L/h and 2.2 ± 0.0 g/L/h in RMG5 and RMG12, respectively. Moreover, ZML-pdc-ldh produced 32.9 ± 0.1 g/L D-lactate and 27.7 ± 0.2 g/L ethanol as well as 42.8 ± 0.0 g/L D-lactate and 53.1 ± 0.7 g/L ethanol with 97.1% ± 0.0% and 99.1% ± 0.8% carbon conversion rate using 20% molasses or corncob residue hydrolysate, respectively. Our study thus demonstrated that it is effective for lactate production by fermentation condition optimization and metabolic engineering to strengthen heterologous ldh expression while reducing the native ethanol production pathway. The capability of recombinant lactate-producer of Z. mobilis for efficient waste feedstock conversion makes it a promising biorefinery platform for carbon-neutral biochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kaihua County, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoning He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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29
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Extraction performance evaluation of amide-based deep eutectic solvents for carboxylic acid: Molecular dynamics simulations and a mini-pilot study. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Qiu Z, Han X, Fu A, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Jin C, Li D, Xia J, He J, Deng Y, Xu N, Liu X, He A, Gu H, Xu J. Enhanced cellulosic d-lactic acid production from sugarcane bagasse by pre-fermentation of water-soluble carbohydrates before acid pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128324. [PMID: 36400276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After several rounds of milling process for sugars extraction from sugarcane, certain amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) still remain in sugarcane bagasse. It is a bottleneck to utilize WSC in sugarcane bagasse biorefinery, since these sugars are easily degraded into inhibitors during pretreatment. Herein, a simple pre-fermentation step before pretreatment was conducted, and 98 % of WSC in bagasse was fermented into d-lactic acid. The obtained d-lactic acid was stably preserved in bagasse and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) generation was sharply reduced from 46.0 mg/g to 6.2 mg/g of dry bagasse, after dilute acid pretreatment. Consequently, a higher d-lactic acid titer (57.0 g/L vs 33.2 g/L) was achieved from the whole slurry of the undetoxified and pretreated sugarcane bagasse by one-pot simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), with the overall yield of 0.58 g/g dry bagasse. This study gave an efficient strategy for enhancing lactic acid production using the lignocellulosic waste from sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqing Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ci Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengchao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Liu N, Qin L, Hu L, Miao S. Formation mechanisms of ethyl acetate and organic acids in Kluyveromyces marxianus L1-1 in Chinese acid rice soup. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Tomczak W. The Application of the Nanofiltration Membrane NF270 for Separation of Fermentation Broths. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1263. [PMID: 36557170 PMCID: PMC9781066 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The potential for nanofiltration (NF) in removing both relatively low molecular weight (MW) organic species and charged solutes from complex media is noteworthy. The main aim of the current work was to improve understanding of the separation mechanisms of fermentation broths components in the NF process. For this purpose, the experimental investigations were performed using the commercial polyamide NF270 membrane. The feed solution was ultrafiltered 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) broths. The separation results were analyzed and discussed in light of the detailed characteristics of both the membrane and the broth components. It has been noted that the membrane ensured the complete 1,3-PD permeability and significant rejection of some feed components. A thorough analysis showed that the retention of carboxylic acids was based on both the Donnan effect and sieve mechanism, according to the following order: succinic acid > lactic acid > acetic acid > formic acid. Indeed, acids retention increased with increasing charged acids ions valency, Stokes radius (rS) as well as MW, and decreasing diffusion coefficient (D). In turn, for ions, the following orders retention was determined: SO42− = PO43− > Cl− and Ca2+ > Na+ > NH4+ ~ K+. It indicated that the ions retention increased with increasing ions charge density, hydrated radius (rH), and hydration energy (Eh). It showed that the separation of the ions was based on the Donnan exclusion, sieving effect, and dielectric exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Tomczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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33
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Campos J, Tejada LG, Bao J, Lidén G. Fed-batch strategies for biodetoxification in production of optically pure lactic acid from softwood hydrolysate using Pediococcus acidilactici. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Ma H, Tingelstad P, Chen D. Lactic acid production by catalytic conversion of glucose: An experimental and techno-economic evaluation. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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Qiu Z, Han X, He J, Jiang Y, Wang G, Wang Z, Liu X, Xia J, Xu N, He A, Gu H, Xu J. One-pot d-lactic acid production using undetoxified acid-pretreated corncob slurry by an adapted Pediococcus acidilactici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127993. [PMID: 36262001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor tolerance is still a bottleneck for lactic acid bacteria in lignocellulose biorefinery, while it is hard to obtain one engineered strain with strong tolerance to all inhibitors. Herein, a robust adapted d-lactic acid producing strain Pediococcus acidilactici XH11 was obtained by 111 days' long-term adaptive evolution in undetoxified corncob prehydrolysates. The adapted strain had higher inhibitors tolerance compared to the parental strain, primarily due to its increased conversion capacities of four typical aldehyde inhibitors (furfural, HMF, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde). One-pot simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation was successfully achieved using the whole slurry of acid-pretreated corncob without solid-liquid separation and detoxification, by applying the adapted P. acidilactici XH11. Finally, 61.9 g/L of d-lactic acid was generated after 96 h' fermentation (xylose conversion of 89.9 %) with the overall yield of 0.48 g/g dry corncob. This study gave an important option for screening of industrial strains in cellulosic lactic acid production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zejia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Operating windows for early evaluation of the applicability of advanced reactive distillation technologies. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Yue L, Chuan S, Yuanyuan W, Han D, Li K, Jinyuan M, Kaijun W. Effect of pH dynamic control on ethanol-lactic type fermentation (ELTF) performance of glucose. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:4102-4114. [PMID: 34134601 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1942560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed a new ethanol-lactic type fermentation (ELTF) and explored the optimal control strategy. Using batch experiments, the effects of pH, temperature and organic loading (OL) on ELTF were investigated. The sum of ethanol and lactic acid yield was highest at whole-control pH value of 4.0, 35°C temperature and OL of 33 gCOD/L. To improve ELTF, the dynamic pH control in the long-term CSTR was adjusted at 4.0 (1-28 days), 5.0 (29-44 days) and 4.0 (46-62 days) successively. The high concentration of ethanol and lactic acid was 8190.5 mg/L at 16th day of pH 4.0. At pH of 5.0, the average acidogenesis rate and total concentration of fermentation products increased 111.0% and 128.0%, respectively. Organisms of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the predominant bacteria in reactor. It can achieve the directional regulation of ELTF and provides parameter support for the application of two-phase anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Chuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yuanyuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Han
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Jinyuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Kaijun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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38
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Alexandri M, Kachrimanidou V, Papapostolou H, Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N. Sustainable Food Systems: The Case of Functional Compounds towards the Development of Clean Label Food Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182796. [PMID: 36140924 PMCID: PMC9498094 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of natural components with functional properties in novel food formulations confers one of the main challenges that the modern food industry is called to face. New EU directives and the global turn to circular economy models are also pressing the agro-industrial sector to adopt cradle-to-cradle approaches for their by-products and waste streams. This review aims to present the concept of “sustainable functional compounds”, emphasizing on some main bioactive compounds that could be recovered or biotechnologically produced from renewable resources. Herein, and in view of their efficient and “greener” production and extraction, emerging technologies, together with their possible advantages or drawbacks, are presented and discussed. Μodern examples of novel, clean label food products that are composed of sustainable functional compounds are summarized. Finally, some action plans towards the establishment of sustainable food systems are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandri
- Correspondence: (M.A.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +30-26710-26505 (N.K.)
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39
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Food Quality, Drug Safety, and Increasing Public Health Measures in Supply Chain Management. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increased interest in public health measures concerning food quality and drug safety in supply chains and logistics operations. Against this backdrop, this study systematically reviewed the extant literature to identify gaps in studying food quality and drug safety, the proposed solutions to these issues, and potential future research directions. This study utilized content analysis. The objectives of the review were to (1) identify the factors affecting food quality and possible solutions to improve results, (2) analyze the factors that affect drug safety and identify ways to mitigate them through proper management; and (3) establish integrated supply chains for food and drugs by implementing modern technologies, followed by one another to ensure a multi-layered cross-verification cascade and resource management at the different phases to ensure quality, safety, and sustainability for the benefit of public health. This review investigated and identified the most recent trends and technologies used for successfully integrated supply chains that can guarantee food quality and drug safety. Using appropriate keywords, 298 articles were identified, and 205 were shortlisted for the analysis. All analysis and conclusions are based on the available literature. The outcomes of this paper identify new research directions in public health and supply chain management.
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40
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Pilot Scale for Production and Purification of Lactic Acid from Ceratonia siliqua L. (Carob) Bagasse. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion of lignocellulose and organic waste bagasse to lactic acid (LA) is an important alternative process requiring valorization as a potentially viable method in the production of pure LA, to be utilized for various purposes. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) biomass was used for the production of LA, using a thermophilic Bacillus coagulans isolate, cultivated in a batch pilot scale of 35 L fermenters without yeast extract supplementation, and operated for 50 h. During the fermentation process, most of the degradable sugar was consumed within 35 h and resulted in the production of 46.9 g/L LA, with a calculated LA yield of 0.72 g/g sugars and productivity at the log phase of 1.69 g/L/h. The use of LA for different industrial applications requires high purity; therefore, a downstream process (DSP) consisting of different purification stages was used, enabling us to reach up to 99.9% (w/w) product purity, which indicates that the process was very effective. The overall almost pure L-LA yield of the DSP was 56%, which indicates that a considerable amount of LA (46%) was lost during the different DSP stages. This is the first study in which carob biomass bagasse has been tested on a pilot scale for LA production, showing the industrial feasibility of the fermentation process.
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41
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Pau S, Tan LC, Arriaga S, Lens PNL. Lactic acid fermentation of food waste at acidic conditions in a semicontinuous system: effect of HRT and OLR changes. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:10979-10994. [PMID: 38698923 PMCID: PMC11060974 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Lactic acid production through fermentation is an established technology, however, improvements are necessary to reduce the process costs and to decrease its market price. Lactic acid is used in many industrial sectors and its market has increased in the last decade for its use as the raw material for polylactic acid product. Using food waste as a cheap and renewable substrate, as well as fermentation at uncontrolled pH, helps to make the production cheaper and to simplify the downstream purification process. Lactic acid production at acidic conditions and the role of varying organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were tested in two different semicontinuous batch fermentation systems. Reactor performances indicated that lactic acid fermentation was still possible at pH < 3.5 and even up to a pH of 2.95. The highest lactic acid production was recorded at 14-day HRT, 2.14 g VS/L·day OLR, and pH 3.11 with a maximum lactic acid concentration of 8.72 g/L and a relative yield of 0.82 g lactate/g carbohydrates. The fermentation microbial community was dominated by Lactobacillus strains, the organism mainly responsible for lactic acid conversion from carbohydrates. This study shows that low pH fermentation is a key parameter to improve lactic acid production from food waste in a semicontinuous system. Acidic pH favored both the selection of Lactobacillus strains and inhibited VFA producers from utilizing lactic acid as primary substrate, thus promoting the accumulation of lactic acid. Finally, production yields tend to decrease with high OLR and low HRT, while lactic acid production rates showed the opposite trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pau
- National University of Ireland, University Road, GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Lea Chua Tan
- National University of Ireland, University Road, GalwayGalway, Ireland
| | - Sonia Arriaga
- National University of Ireland, University Road, GalwayGalway, Ireland
- Environmental Sciences Department, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Piet N. L. Lens
- National University of Ireland, University Road, GalwayGalway, Ireland
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42
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Baptista M, Domingues L. Kluyveromyces marxianus as a microbial cell factory for lignocellulosic biomass valorisation. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108027. [PMID: 35952960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The non-conventional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is widely used for several biotechnological applications, mainly due to its thermotolerance, high growth rate, and ability to metabolise a wide range of sugars. These cell traits are strategic for lignocellulosic biomass valorisation and strain diversity prompts the development of robust chassis, either with improved tolerance to lignocellulosic inhibitors or ethanol. This review summarises bioethanol and value-added chemicals production by K. marxianus from different lignocellulosic biomasses. Moreover, metabolic engineering and process optimization strategies developed to expand K. marxianus potential are also compiled, as well as studies reporting cell mechanisms to cope with lignocellulosic-derived inhibitors. The main lignocellulosic-based products are bioethanol, representing 71% of the reports, and xylitol, representing 17% of the reports. K. marxianus also proved to be a good chassis for lactic acid and volatile compounds production from lignocellulosic biomass, although the literature on this matter is still scarce. The increasing advances in genome editing tools and process optimization strategies will widen the K. marxianus-based portfolio products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Baptista
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS -Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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43
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Xu J, Wang Y, Li S, Zeng Z, Xue W, Jiang S. Kinetic study on hydrolysis of isoamyl
DL
‐lactate catalyzed by
NKC
‐9. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jumei Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shating Li
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zuoxiang Zeng
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weilan Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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44
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Shen Z, Chen W, Zhang W, Gu M, Dong W, Xia M, Si H, Zhang Y. Efficient Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into Lactic Acid over Y-β and Yb-β Zeolites. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25200-25209. [PMID: 35910139 PMCID: PMC9330418 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new type of modified β zeolites with rare earth elements (ree) was discovered for producing lactic acid from glucose and achieved a good catalytic effect. At first, the catalytic performances of ree-β zeolites, ree oxides, and single-transition-metal-β zeolites were compared, and the result showed that Y-β and Yb-β zeolites had the best catalytic activity under the same reaction conditions. Under the best reaction conditions, the maximum yields of lactic acid with Y-β and Yb-β catalysts were 45.3 and 43.6%, respectively. The acid characterization showed that Y/Yb-β zeolites had a similar number of Lewis acid sites as Sn-β zeolites, and they were also more than other transition-metal-β zeolites. Thus, Y-β and Yb-β zeolites had a higher lactic acid yield than those catalysts. It is interesting to note that Y-β and Yb-β zeolites owned more Brønsted acids but produced fewer byproducts. Combining the decomposition experiment of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, fewer byproducts were produced with Y-β and Yb-β zeolites because the low amount of Brønsted acid contained could hinder the decomposition of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, thereby slowing down the side reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenbo Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minyan Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meng Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huiping Si
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory
of Yangtze River Water Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research
Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center
of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai
Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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45
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Anagnostopoulou C, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Gaspari M, Morlino MS, Assimopoulou AN, Kougias PG. Valorization of household food wastes to lactic acid production: A response surface methodology approach to optimize fermentation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133871. [PMID: 35157886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid is a valuable compound used in several industrial processes such as polymers, emulsifiers manufacturing, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations. The present study aims to evaluate the potential use of food waste to produce lactic acid through fermentation, both by indigenous microbiota and by the bio-augmentation with two lactic acid bacteria, namely Lactobacillus plantarum BS17 and Lactobacillus casei BP2. Fermentation was studied both in batch and continuously fed anaerobic reactors at mesophilic conditions and a Response Surface Methodology approach was used to optimize the bioprocess performance and determine the environmental parameters (namely pH and time) that lead to the enhancement of lactic acid production during the batch fermentation by indigenous microorganisms. Results revealed an optimum set of conditions for lactic acid production at a pH value of 6.5 and a fermentation period of 3.5 days at 37 °C. Under these conditions lactic acid production reached a value of 23.07 g/L, which was very similar to the mathematically predicted ones, thus verifying the accuracy of the experimental design. This optimum set of conditions was further employed to examine the production of lactic acid under continuous fermentation operation. Furthermore, concentrations of volatile fatty acids and ethanol were monitored and found to be relatively low, with ethanol being the dominant by-product of fermentation, indicating the presence of heterofermentative bacteria in the food wastes. A final step of downstream process was performed resulting in the successful recovery of lactic acid with purity over 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Anagnostopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Maria Gaspari
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Maria Silvia Morlino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Andreana N Assimopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Natural Products Research Centre of Excellence (NatPro-AUTh), Center of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (CIRI-AUTh), Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece.
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46
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Chenebault C, Moscoviz R, Trably E, Escudié R, Percheron B. Lactic acid production from food waste using a microbial consortium: Focus on key parameters for process upscaling and fermentation residues valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127230. [PMID: 35483530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the production of lactic acid from food waste in industrially relevant conditions was investigated. Laboratory assays were first performed in batch conditions to determine the suitable operational parameters for an efficient lactic acid production. The use of compost as inoculum, the regulation of temperature at 35 °C and pH at 5 enhanced the development of Lactobacillus sp. resulting in the production of 70 g/L of lactic acid with a selectivity of 89% over the other carboxylic acids. Those parameters were then applied at pilot scale in successive fed-batch fermentations. The subsequent high concentration (68 g/L), yield (0.38 g/gTS) and selectivity (77%) in lactic acid demonstrated the applicability of the process. To integrate the process into a complete value chain, fermentation residues were then converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion. Lastly, the experiment was successfully replicated using commercial and municipal waste collected in France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Moscoviz
- Suez, CIRSEE, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France
| | - Eric Trably
- LBE, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
| | - Renaud Escudié
- LBE, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, 102 Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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47
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Roy Chong JW, Tan X, Khoo KS, Ng HS, Jonglertjunya W, Yew GY, Show PL. Microalgae-based bioplastics: Future solution towards mitigation of plastic wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112620. [PMID: 34968431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for plastic materials has severely harm the environment and marine sea life. Therefore, bioplastics have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative due to sustainability, minimal carbon footprint, less toxicity and high degradability. This review highlights the sustainable and environmentally friendly approach towards bioplastic production by utilizing microalgae as a feed source in several ways. First, the microalgae biomass obtained through the biorefinery approach can be processed into PHA under certain nutrient limitations. Additionally, microalgae biomass can act as potential filler and reinforcement towards the enhancement of bioplastic either blending with conventional bioplastic or synthetic polymer. The downstream processing of microalgae via suitable extraction and pre-treatment of bioactive compounds such as lipids and cellulose are found to be promising for the production of bioplastics. Moving on, the intermediate processing of bioplastic via lactic acid synthesized from microalgae has favoured the microwave-assisted synthesis of polylactic acid due to cost efficiency, minimum solvent usage, low energy consumption, and fast rate of reaction. Moreover, the reliability and effectiveness of microalgae-based bioplastics are further evaluated in terms of techno-economic analysis and degradation mechanism. Future improvement and recommendations are listed towards proper genetic modification of algae strains, large-scale biofilm technology, low-cost cultivation medium, and novel avocado seed-microalgae bioplastic blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Roy Chong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Xuefei Tan
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150050, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hui Suan Ng
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Woranart Jonglertjunya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Putthamonthon, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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48
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Verma DK, Thakur M, Singh S, Tripathy S, Gupta AK, Baranwal D, Patel AR, Shah N, Utama GL, Niamah AK, Chávez-González ML, Gallegos CF, Aguilar CN, Srivastav PP. Bacteriocins as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food: Biosynthesis, separation and application. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Edwards C, McNerney CC, Lawton LA, Palmer J, Macgregor K, Jack F, Cockburn P, Plummer A, Lovegrove A, Wood A. Recoverable resources from pot ale & spent wash from Scotch Whisky production. RESOURCES, CONSERVATION, AND RECYCLING 2022; 179:106114. [PMID: 35370357 PMCID: PMC8803549 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scotch Whisky is an important global commodity which generates extensive co-product known as pot ale or spent wash (> 10 L co-product per L whisky). Whilst this is often used as fertiliser or animal feed, a proportion requires disposal resulting in cost to the distillery along with the negative impact on the carbon footprint due to transportation. This study examined the composition of the soluble fraction of pot ale from twenty-two distilleries in Scotland in order to assess the potential for resource recovery and transition to a more circular economy. The results reinforced previous studies, demonstrating that pot ale is an excellent source of protein with a potential for recovery >150, 000 t per annum in Scotland based on Whisky production data. Lactic acid, an important industrial platform chemical, was the major organic acid produced with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 6.6 g L -1, representing a potential opportunity for recovery for applications such as manufacture of biodegradable polylactic acid for plastics (> 15,000 t per annum based on mean values). Other important platform chemicals, succinic acid and lysine were also identified and considered in sufficient amounts for future use. Pot ale was also shown to contain significant amounts of critical raw materials, magnesium and phosphate, which could be reclaimed for use in fertiliser/feed supporting the development of a new circular economy whilst at the same time reducing the burden of mining and transportation on the environment. The data in this study demonstrated a potential 13.8 kt recoverable phosphate per annum representing more than half of the annual fertiliser consumption in Scotland. Whisky co-products can contribute to sustainable energy, food and platform chemicals with the added value that metal concentrations are not sufficiently high to prevent its utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Edwards
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C. McNerney
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Linda A. Lawton
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Palmer
- The School of Pharmacy and Life Science, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Macgregor
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, The Robertson Trust Building, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Jack
- The Scotch Whisky Research Institute, The Robertson Trust Building, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cockburn
- Diageo, International Technical Centre, Glenochil, Menstrie, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, FK11 7ES, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Plummer
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Lovegrove
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Wood
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Tong KTX, Tan IS, Foo HCY, Lam MK, Lim S, Lee KT. Advancement of biorefinery-derived platform chemicals from macroalgae: a perspective for bioethanol and lactic acid. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-37. [PMID: 35316983 PMCID: PMC8929714 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive growth of energy and plastic demand has raised concerns over the depletion of fossil fuels. Moreover, the environmental conundrums worldwide integrated with global warming and improper plastic waste management have led to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuel (bioethanol) and biopolymer (lactic acid, LA) derived from biomass for fossil fuels replacement and biodegradable plastic production, respectively. However, the high production cost of bioethanol and LA had limited its industrial-scale production. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the potential and development of third-generation feedstock for bioethanol and LA production, including significant technological barriers to be overcome for potential commercialization purposes. Then, an insight into the state-of-the-art hydrolysis and fermentation technologies using macroalgae as feedstock is also deliberated in detail. Lastly, the sustainability aspect and perspective of macroalgae biomass are evaluated economically and environmentally using a developed cascading system associated with techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment, which represent the highlights of this review paper. Furthermore, this review provides a conceivable picture of macroalgae-based bioethanol and lactic acid biorefinery and future research directions that can be served as an important guideline for scientists, policymakers, and industrial players. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tian Xiang Tong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Steven Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keat Teong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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