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Bai Z, He Y, Hu G, Cheng L, Wang M. Microplastics at an environmentally relevant dose enhance mercury toxicity in a marine copepod under multigenerational exposure: Multi-omics perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135529. [PMID: 39154477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Here, we subjected the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus to environmentally-relevant concentrations of microplastics (MPs) and mercury (Hg) for three generations (F0-F2) to investigate their physiological and molecular responses. Hg accumulation and phenotypic traits were measured in each generation, with multi-omics analysis conducted in F2. The results showed that MPs insignificantly impacted the copepod's development and reproduction, however, which were significantly compromised by Hg exposure. Interestingly, MPs significantly increased Hg accumulation and consequently aggravated this metal toxicity in T. japonicus, demonstrating their carrier role. Multi-omics analysis indicated that Hg pollution produced numerous toxic events, e.g., induction of apoptosis, damage to cell/organ morphogenesis, and disordered energy metabolism, ultimately resulting in retarded development and decreased fecundity. Importantly, MPs enhanced Hg toxicity mainly via increased oxidative apoptosis, compromised cell/organ morphogenesis, and energy depletion. Additionally, phosphoproteomic analysis revealed extensive regulation of the above processes, and also impaired neuron activity under combined MPs and Hg exposure. These alterations adversely affected development and reproduction of T. japonicus. Overall, our findings should offer novel molecular insights into the response of T. japonicus to long-term exposure to MPs and Hg, with a particular emphasis on the carrier role of MPs on Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoan Bai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yaohui He
- MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Guosheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Luman Cheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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2
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Sun X, Zhou Q, Xiao C, Mao C, Liu Y, Chen G, Song Y. Role of post-translational modifications of Sp1 in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1453901. [PMID: 39252788 PMCID: PMC11381397 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1453901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is pivotal in sustaining baseline transcription as well as modulating cell signaling pathways and transcription factors activity. Through interactions with various proteins, especially transcription factors, Sp1 controls the expression of target genes, influencing numerous biological processes. Numerous studies have confirmed Sp1's significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Sp1, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glycosylation, SUMOylation, and S-sulfhydration, can enhance or modify its transcriptional activity and DNA-binding stability. These modifications also regulate Sp1 expression across different cell types. Sp1 is crucial in regulating non-coding gene expression and the activity of proteins in response to pathophysiological stimuli. Understanding Sp1 PTMs advances our knowledge of cell signaling pathways in controlling Sp1 stability during cardiovascular disease onset and progression. It also aids in identifying novel pharmaceutical targets and biomarkers essential for preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Sun
- Department of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chengpu Xiao
- Department of Typhoid, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Caiyun Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozhen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Sun X, Xiao C, Wang X, Wu S, Yang Z, Sui B, Song Y. Role of post-translational modifications of Sp1 in cancer: state of the art. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1412461. [PMID: 39228402 PMCID: PMC11368732 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1412461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is central to regulating transcription factor activity and cell signaling pathways. Sp1 is highly associated with the poor prognosis of various cancers; it is considered a non-oncogene addiction gene. The function of Sp1 is complex and contributes to regulating extensive transcriptional activity, apart from maintaining basal transcription. Sp1 activity and stability are affected by post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, glycosylation, and SUMOylation. These modifications help to determine genetic programs that alter the Sp1 structure in different cells and increase or decrease its transcriptional activity and DNA binding stability in response to pathophysiological stimuli. Investigating the PTMs of Sp1 will contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanism underlying the cell signaling pathway regulating Sp1 stability and the regulatory mechanism by which Sp1 affects cancer progression. Furthermore, it will facilitate the development of new drug targets and biomarkers, thereby elucidating considerable implications in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutao Sun
- Department of Typhoid, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chengpu Xiao
- Department of Chinese Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Department of Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhendong Yang
- Department of Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bowen Sui
- Department of Pneumology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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4
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Ding J, Fayyaz AI, Ding Y, Liang D, Luo M. Role of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) in Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Biomolecules 2024; 14:807. [PMID: 39062521 PMCID: PMC11274404 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, specificity protein 1 (SP1) was the first Cys2-His2 zinc finger transcription factor to be isolated within the specificity protein and Krüppel-like factor (Sp/KLF) gene family. SP1 regulates gene expression by binding to Guanine-Cytosine (GC)-rich sequences on promoter regions of target genes, affecting various cellular processes. Additionally, the activity of SP1 is markedly influenced by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolysis. SP1 is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, cell hypertrophy, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, plaque stabilization, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, calcification, and other pathological processes. These processes impact the onset and progression of numerous cardiovascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and vascular disease. SP1 emerges as a potential target for the prevention and therapeutic intervention of cardiac ailments. In this review, we delve into the biological functions, pathophysiological mechanisms, and potential clinical implications of SP1 in cardiac pathology to offer valuable insights into the regulatory functions of SP1 in heart diseases and unveil novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Aminah I. Fayyaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.I.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.I.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Dandan Liang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
- Shanghai Arrhythmia Research Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; (J.D.); (D.L.)
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Lee IT, Yang CC, Yang CM. Harnessing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to induce Heme Oxygenase-1: a promising approach for pulmonary inflammatory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38360670 PMCID: PMC10868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been extensively shown to attenuate inflammatory responses in conditions such as asthma, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain largely unknown. The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to confer protective effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ is highly expressed not only in adipose tissues but also in various other tissues, including the pulmonary system. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are highly selective agonists for PPARγ and are used as antihyperglycemic medications. These observations suggest that PPARγ agonists could modulate metabolism and inflammation. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ agonists may serve as potential therapeutic candidates in inflammation-related diseases by upregulating HO-1, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. In the respiratory system, exposure to external insults triggers the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulation of HO-1 protects tissues and cells from external insults, indicating that the induction of HO-1 by PPARγ agonists could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and attenuating the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying TZD-induced HO-1 expression are not well understood. This review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ agonists induce the expression of HO-1 and explore how they protect against inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan.
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Gao Q, Zhang D, Zhang JL, Wang BJ, Lu CY, Cui S. PGF2alpha Inhibits 20alpha-HSD Expression by Suppressing CK1alpha-induced ERK and SP1 Activation in the Corpus Luteum of Pregnant Mice. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:248-259. [PMID: 37644378 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is a luteolytic hormone that promotes parturition in mammals at the end of pregnancy by reducing progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum (CL). In rodents and primates, PGF2α rapidly converts progesterone to 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP) by promoting 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) expression. However, the specific mechanism of 20α-HSD regulation by PGF2α remains unclear. Casein Kinase 1α (CK1α) is a CK1 family member that regulates a variety of physiological functions, including reproductive development. Here, we investigated the effects of CK1α on pregnancy in female mice. Our experiments showed that CK1α is expressed in mouse CL, and its inhibition enhanced progesterone metabolism, decreased progesterone levels, and affected mouse embryo implantation. Further, CK1α mediated the effect of PGF2α on 20α-HSD in mouse luteal cells in vitro. Our results are the first to show that CK1α affects the 20α-HSD mRNA level by affecting the ERK signalling pathway to regulate the expression of the transcription factor SP1. These findings improve our understanding of PGF2α regulation of 20α-HSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Yang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Schumacher MA. Peripheral Neuroinflammation and Pain: How Acute Pain Becomes Chronic. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:6-14. [PMID: 37559537 PMCID: PMC10716877 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230808111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals suffering from severe chronic pain and its social and financial impact is staggering. Without significant advances in our understanding of how acute pain becomes chronic, effective treatments will remain out of reach. This mini review will briefly summarize how critical signaling pathways initiated during the early phases of peripheral nervous system inflammation/ neuroinflammation establish long-term modifications of sensory neuronal function. Together with the recruitment of non-neuronal cellular elements, nociceptive transduction is transformed into a pathophysiologic state sustaining chronic peripheral sensitization and pain. Inflammatory mediators, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), can lower activation thresholds of sensory neurons through posttranslational modification of the pain-transducing ion channels transient-receptor potential TRPV1 and TRPA1. Performing a dual role, NGF also drives increased expression of TRPV1 in sensory neurons through the recruitment of transcription factor Sp4. More broadly, Sp4 appears to modulate a nociceptive transcriptome including TRPA1 and other genes encoding components of pain transduction. Together, these findings suggest a model where acute pain evoked by peripheral injury-induced inflammation becomes persistent through repeated cycles of TRP channel modification, Sp4-dependent overexpression of TRP channels and ongoing production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care and the UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143 USA
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Lin X, Yang Y, Ji Y, Wang G, Xu W, Wang B, Guo H, Ren J, Yan J, Wang N. MiR-135a-5p/SP1 Axis Regulates Spinal Astrocyte Proliferation and Migration. Neuroscience 2023; 515:12-24. [PMID: 36764602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocyte activation and proliferation result in the development of glial scars, which impede axonal growth and neurological recovery. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) during SCI results in altered expression of downstream genes. Our previous study has revealed that miR-135a-5p regulates neuronal apoptosis and axonal growth by targeting specificity protein 1 (SP1). This study attempted to investigate whether the miR-135a-5p/SP1 axis has regulatory effect on astrocytes. Herein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced miR-135a-5p expression in astrocytes. miR-135a-5p overexpression in astrocytes resulted in a decrease in CyclinD1, MMP9, GFAP, and vimentin proteins, and thus attenuated LPS-induced proliferation and migration of astrocytes. Moreover, miR-135a-5p overexpression decreased astrocyte size and the total quantity of cell protrusions, suggesting a role for miR-135a-5p in regulating astrocyte morphology. SP1 silencing also decreased astrocyte proliferation and migration by LPS. SP1 silencing could significantly reverse the promoting effect of miR-135a-5p inhibition on astrocyte proliferation and migration. In summary, the miR-135a-5p/SP1 axis regulates astrocyte proliferation and migration after SCI. This finding benefits for the development of novel ways in treating SCI effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Guangxi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Hangyu Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Jiyu Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Li R, Song B, Xu L, Zheng J, Pan W, Cai F, Wang J, Wu Y, Song W. Regulation of USP25 by SP1 Associates with Amyloidogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1459-1472. [PMID: 36938736 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trisomy 21, an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21), causes most Down's syndrome (DS) cases. Individuals with DS inevitably develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological phenotypes after middle age including amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 25 (USP25), encoding by USP25 gene located on HSA21, is a deubiquitinating enzyme, which plays an important role in both DS and AD pathogenesis. However, the regulation of USP25 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the regulation of USP25 by specificity protein 1 (SP1) in neuronal cells and its potential role in amyloidogenesis. METHODS The transcription start site and promoter activity was identified by SMART-RACE and Dual-luciferase assay. Functional SP1-responsive elements were examined by EMSA. USP25 expression was examined by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA were applied or statistical analysis. RESULTS The transcription start site of human USP25 gene was identified. Three functional SP1 responsive elements in human USP25 gene were revealed. SP1 promotes USP25 transcription and subsequent USP25 protein expression, while SP1 inhibition significantly reduces USP25 expression in both non-neuronal and neuronal cells. Moreover, SP1 inhibition dramatically reduces amyloidogenesis. CONCLUSION We demonstrates that transcription factor SP1 regulates USP25 gene expression, which associates with amyloidogenesis. It suggests that SP1 signaling may play an important role in USP25 regulation and contribute to USP25-mediated DS and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Juelu Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Evangelatov A, Georgiev G, Arabadjiev B, Pankov S, Krastev P, Momchilova A, Pankov R. Hyperglycemia attenuates fibroblast contractility via suppression of TβRII receptor modulated α-smooth muscle actin expression. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2041486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar Evangelatov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Georgiev
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Arabadjiev
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Pankov
- Department of Lipid-Protein Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Krastev
- Cardiology Clinic, University Hospital “St. Ekaterina”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Department of Lipid-Protein Interactions, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumen Pankov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Park SB, Jung W, Kim H, Yu HY, Kim Y, Kim J. Esculetin has therapeutic potential via the proapoptotic signaling pathway in A253 human submandibular salivary gland tumor cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:533. [PMID: 35837055 PMCID: PMC9257944 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural lactone that is commonly derived from coumarins. According to previous experiments using human cancer cells, esculetin has potent antitumor activity; it also inhibits proliferation and induces the apoptosis of cancer cells. In the present study, the anti-proliferative effect of esculetin on the submandibular salivary gland tumor cell line, A253, was evaluated via in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, the anti-cancer effects of esculetin in A253 cells and a xenograft model of salivary gland tumors were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and TUNEL assay, apoptosis protein array, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Esculetin (50-150 µM) was demonstrated to have an anti-proliferative effect in the A253 cell line in vitro; this observed effect was dependent on the dose and duration of treatment. Esculetin also increased the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved-9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase apoptosis-related proteins, and decreased the expression levels of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein. With respect to apoptosis regulation, esculetin significantly decreased the proliferation of tumor cells in a xenograft model (100 mg/kg/day) for 18 days. Overall, esculetin could be a potential oral anticancer drug against salivary gland cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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Feltrin C, Oliveira Simões CM, Marques Sincero TC. Development of a cell-based reporter assay for detection of Human alphaherpesviruses. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 62:101806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Expression and Impact of C1GalT1 in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246305. [PMID: 34944925 PMCID: PMC8699795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary C1GalT1 is one of the enzymes that catalyze the addition of sugar residues to proteins (protein glycosylation). It specifically controls the synthesis and formation of a special disaccharide structure Galβ1,3GalNAcα-, which occurs predominately in cancer but rarely in normal cells. Recent studies have shown that C1GalT1 is overexpressed in many common cancers including colon, breast, gastric, lung, head and neck, pancreatic, esophageal, prostate, and hepatocellular cancer. C1GalT1 overexpression is also often associated with poorer prognosis and poorer patient survival. This review summarizes our current understanding of the expression of C1GalT1 in various cancers and discusses the impact of C1GalT change on cancer cell activities in cancer development and progression. Abstract C1GalT1 (T-synthase) is one of the key glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of O-linked mucin-type glycans of glycoproteins. It controls the formation of Core-1 disaccharide Galβ1,3GalNAcα- (Thomsen–Friedenreich oncofetal antigen, T or TF antigen) and Core-1-associated carbohydrate structures. Recent studies have shown that C1GalT1 is overexpressed in many cancers of epithelial origin including colon, breast, gastric, head and neck, pancreatic, esophageal, prostate, and hepatocellular cancer. Overexpression of C1GalT1 is often seen to also be associated with poorer prognosis and poorer patient survival. Change of C1GalT1 expression causes glycosylation changes of many cell membrane glycoproteins including mucin proteins, growth factor receptors, adhesion molecules, and death receptors. This leads to alteration of the interactions of these cell surface molecules with their binding ligands, resulting in changes of cancer cell activity and behaviors. This review summarizes our current understanding of the expression of C1GalT1 in various cancers and discusses the impact of C1GalT change on cancer cell activities in cancer development and progression.
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14
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Xin Y, Zhang X, Li J, Gao H, Li J, Li J, Hu W, Li H. New Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria Quality Control in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:774619. [PMID: 34901234 PMCID: PMC8661033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.774619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IHD is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In the acute phase, it's demonstrated as myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury, while in the chronic stage, the ischemic heart is mainly characterised by adverse myocardial remodelling. Although interventions such as thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention could reduce the death risk of these patients, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms need more exploration. Mitochondria are crucial to maintain the physiological function of the heart. During IHD, mitochondrial dysfunction results in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. Ischemia drives mitochondrial damage not only due to energy deprivation, but also to other aspects such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria-related inflammation, etc. Given the critical roles of mitochondrial quality control in the pathological process of ischemic heart disease, in this review, we will summarise the efforts in targeting mitochondria (such as mitophagy, mtROS, and mitochondria-related inflammation) on IHD. In addition, we will briefly revisit the emerging therapeutic targets in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Chiareli RA, Carvalho GA, Marques BL, Mota LS, Oliveira-Lima OC, Gomes RM, Birbrair A, Gomez RS, Simão F, Klempin F, Leist M, Pinto MCX. The Role of Astrocytes in the Neurorepair Process. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665795. [PMID: 34113618 PMCID: PMC8186445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly specialized glial cells responsible for trophic and metabolic support of neurons. They are associated to ionic homeostasis, the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, the modulation of synaptic activity by capturing and recycle of neurotransmitters and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. During injuries and infections, astrocytes act in cerebral defense through heterogeneous and progressive changes in their gene expression, morphology, proliferative capacity, and function, which is known as reactive astrocytes. Thus, reactive astrocytes release several signaling molecules that modulates and contributes to the defense against injuries and infection in the central nervous system. Therefore, deciphering the complex signaling pathways of reactive astrocytes after brain damage can contribute to the neuroinflammation control and reveal new molecular targets to stimulate neurorepair process. In this review, we present the current knowledge about the role of astrocytes in brain damage and repair, highlighting the cellular and molecular bases involved in synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. In addition, we present new approaches to modulate the astrocytic activity and potentiates the neurorepair process after brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lennia Soares Mota
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexander Birbrair
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renato Santiago Gomez
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Simão
- Research Division, Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Marcel Leist
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Synergistic activation of mutant TERT promoter by Sp1 and GABPA in BRAF V600E-driven human cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:3. [PMID: 33483600 PMCID: PMC7822828 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The activating TERT promoter mutations and BRAFV600E mutation are well-established oncogenic alterations in human cancers. Coexistence of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations is frequently found in multiple cancer types, and is strongly associated with poor patient prognosis. Although the BRAFV600E-elicited activation of ERK has been demonstrated to contribute to TERT reactivation by maintaining an active chromatin state, it still remains to be addressed how activated ERK is selectively recruited to mutant TERT promoter. Here, we report that transcription factor GABPA mediates the regulation of BRAFV600E/MAPK signaling on TERT reactivation by selectively recruiting activated ERK to mutant TERT promoter, where activated ERK can phosphorylate Sp1, thereby resulting in HDAC1 dissociation and an active chromatin state. Meanwhile, phosphorylated Sp1 further enhances the binding of GABPA to mutant TERT promoter. Taken together, our data indicate that GABPA and Sp1 synergistically activate mutant TERT promoter, contributing to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, particularly in the BRAFV600E-driven human cancers. Thus, our findings identify a direct mechanism that bridges two frequent oncogenic alterations together in TERT reactivation.
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17
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Lima VV, Dela Justina V, Dos Passos RR, Volpato GT, Souto PCS, San Martin S, Giachini FR. O-GlcNAc Modification During Pregnancy: Focus on Placental Environment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1263. [PMID: 30298013 PMCID: PMC6160872 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful placentation is a key event for fetal development, which commences following embryo implantation into the uterine wall, eliciting decidualization, placentation, and remodeling of blood vessels to provide physiological exchange between embryo-fetus and mother. Several signaling pathways are recruited to modulate such important processes and specific proteins that regulate placental function are a target for the glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), or O-GlcNAcylation. This is a reversible post-translational modification on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, mainly controlled by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated as a modulator of proteins, both in physiological and pathological conditions and, more recently, O-GlcNAc has also been shown to be an important modulator in placental tissue. In this mini-review, the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation of proteins and placental function will be addressed, discussing the possible implications of this post-translational modification through placental development and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Health and Biological Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Institute of Health and Biological Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina S Souto
- Institute of Health and Biological Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Sebastian San Martin
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Institute of Health and Biological Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
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18
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Yamashita N, Saito N, Zhao S, Terai K, Hiruta N, Park Y, Bujo H, Nemoto K, Kanno Y. Heregulin-induced cell migration is promoted by aryl hydrocarbon receptor in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 366:34-40. [PMID: 29501698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HER2 overexpression accounts for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers. We have shown that HER2 overexpression leads to elevated expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells. In this study, firstly, we showed that AhR expression was up-regulated by treatment with the HER3 ligand heregulin (HRG) in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. Induction of AhR was mediated by transcriptional activation of the region of AhR promoter corresponding to - 190 to - 100 bp. In addition, HRG treatment elicited nuclear translocation of AhR. To investigate the role of AhR in HRG-HER2/HER3 signaling in HER2-overexpressing cells, we established AhR knockout (KO) HER2-overexpressing cells to perform wound-healing assays. HRG-induced cell migration was markedly attenuated by AhR KO. HRG-induced cell migration was associated with increased expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in wild type cells, but not in AhR KO cells. These results elucidate that AhR is an important factor for the malignancy in HER2 overexpressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Nao Saito
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Terai
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Youngjin Park
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Fukumuro 1-15-1, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kanno
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Fukumuro 1-15-1, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, 983-8536, Japan.
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Kwon YJ, Cho NH, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Ryu YS, Chun YJ. Cytochrome P450 1B1 promotes cancer cell survival via specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-mediated suppression of death receptor 4. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:278-287. [PMID: 29473798 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1440186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), a well-known oncogene, has garnered wide attention because of its tumor-specific expression pattern and actions as a carcinogenic factor. Although CYP1B1 might play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenic involvement in cancer development remain unclear. The present study investigated the manner in which CYP1B1 promotes survival of various cancer cells. Treatment with 2,2',4,6'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), a specific CYP1B1 inhibitor, significantly inhibited cell viability in human breast cancer and leukemia cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HL-60, and U937 cells. In order to characterize the cellular functions of CYP1B1 associated with cancer cell survival, the relationship between this oncogene and death receptor 4 (DR4) was determined. Following induction or inhibition of CYP1B1, mRNA and protein expression levels of DR4 were measured, and this oncogene was found to significantly repress DR4 mRNA and protein expression. Further, the suppression of DR4 by CYP1B1 was restored with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, indicating that DNA methylation may be involved in CYP1B1-mediated DR4 inhibition. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CYP1B1-overexpressed HL-60 cells revealed that this oncogene induced hypermethylation on DR4 promoter. Interestingly, data showed that DR4 suppression of CYP1B1 is mediated by the DNA-binding ability of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). These findings suggest that CYP1B1 promotes cancer cell survival through involvement of DNA methylation-mediated DR4 inhibition and that Sp1 may act as key mediator required for oncogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Nam-Hyeon Cho
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | | | - Yeon-Sang Ryu
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- a College of Pharmacy , Chung-Ang University , Seoul , Korea
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20
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Hu J, Hu H, Hang JJ, Yang HY, Wang ZY, Wang L, Chen DH, Wang LW. Simultaneous high expression of PLD1 and Sp1 predicts a poor prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78557-78565. [PMID: 27713167 PMCID: PMC5346659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Recently, insight into cancer biology suggested abnormal lipid metabolism to be a risk factor for human malignancies. As a key enzyme implicated in lipid metabolism, PLD1 was elevated in various human cancer associating with malignant phenotypes. However, little was known about its expression and function in PDAC. We showed that PLD1 was elevated in both the cell lines and clinical samples of PDAC, and it positively correlated with vascular invasion (p = 0.041) and responsible for a poor prognosis (p = 0.009). Meanwhile, we also found Sp1 to be elevated in the disease, correlating with vascular invasion (p = 0.007). Moreover, the correlation assay suggested that PLD1 positively correlated with Sp1 in the clinical sample (r = 0.390; p < 0.001) and the cell lines. Finally, we showed that co-high expression of both the factors confers the poorest prognosis for the patients, and that their simultaneous high expression might be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.001; HR = 3.427; 95% CI 1.629-7.211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun-jie Hang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hai-yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhi-yong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dong-hui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
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21
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Yu S, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Chu Y, Zmuda JM, Zhang Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Frizzled-1 in Human Osteoblasts by Sp1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163277. [PMID: 27695039 PMCID: PMC5047477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wingless pathway has a powerful influence on bone metabolism and is a therapeutic target in skeletal disorders. Wingless signaling is mediated in part through the Frizzled (FZD) receptor family. FZD transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Herein we tested the hypothesis that Sp1 plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of FZD1 expression in osteoblasts and osteoblast mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we conducted FZD1 promoter assays in Saos2 cells with and without Sp1 overexpression. We found that Sp1 significantly up-regulates FZD1 promoter activity in Saos2 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) assays identified a novel and functional Sp1 binding site at -44 to -40 from the translation start site in the FZD1 promoter. The Sp1-dependent activation of the FZD1 promoter was abolished by mithramycin A (MMA), an antibiotic affecting both Sp1 binding and Sp1 protein levels in Saos2 cells. Similarly, down-regulation of Sp1 in hFOB cells resulted in less FZD1 expression and lower alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, over-expression of Sp1 increased FZD1 expression and Saos2 cell mineralization while MMA decreased Sp1 and FZD1 expression and Saos2 cell mineralization. Knockdown of FZD1 prior to Sp1 overexpression partially abolished Sp1 stimulation of osteoblast differentiation markers. Taken together, our results suggest that Sp1 plays a role in human osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, which is at least partially mediated by Sp1-dependent transactivation of FZD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibing Yu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yanxia Chu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Hepatocellular carcinoma redirects to ketolysis for progression under nutrition deprivation stress. Cell Res 2016; 26:1112-1130. [PMID: 27644987 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are known for their capacity to rewire metabolic pathways to support survival and proliferation under various stress conditions. Ketone bodies, though produced in the liver, are not consumed in normal adult liver cells. We find here that ketone catabolism or ketolysis is re-activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under nutrition deprivation conditions. Mechanistically, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1), a rate-limiting ketolytic enzyme whose expression is suppressed in normal adult liver tissues, is re-induced by serum starvation-triggered mTORC2-AKT-SP1 signaling in HCC cells. Moreover, we observe that enhanced ketolysis in HCC is critical for repression of AMPK activation and protects HCC cells from excessive autophagy, thereby enhancing tumor growth. Importantly, analysis of clinical HCC samples reveals that increased OXCT1 expression predicts higher patient mortality. Taken together, we uncover here a novel metabolic adaptation by which nutrition-deprived HCC cells employ ketone bodies for energy supply and cancer progression.
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23
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PP2A inhibitors arrest G2/M transition through JNK/Sp1- dependent down-regulation of CDK1 and autophagy-dependent up-regulation of p21. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18469-83. [PMID: 26053095 PMCID: PMC4621904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays an important role in the control of the cell cycle. We previously reported that the PP2A inhibitors, cantharidin and okadaic acid (OA), efficiently repressed the growth of cancer cells. In the present study, we found that PP2A inhibitors arrested the cell cycle at the G2 phase through a mechanism that was dependent on the JNK pathway. Microarrays further showed that PP2A inhibitors induced expression changes in multiple genes that participate in cell cycle transition. To verify whether these expression changes were executed in a PP2A-dependent manner, we targeted the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) using siRNA and evaluated gene expression with a microarray. After the cross comparison of these microarray data, we identified that CDK1 was potentially the same target when treated with either PP2A inhibitors or PP2Ac siRNA. In addition, we found that the down-regulation of CDK1 occurred in a JNK-dependent manner. Luciferase reporter gene assays demonstrated that repression of the transcription of CDK1 was executed through the JNK-dependent activation of the Sp1 transcription factor. By constructing deletion mutants of the CDK1 promoter and by using ChIP assays, we identified an element in the CDK1 promoter that responded to the JNK/Sp1 pathway after stimulation with PP2A inhibitors. Cantharidin and OA also up-regulated the expression of p21, an inhibitor of CDK1, via autophagy rather than PP2A/JNK pathway. Thus, this present study found that the PP2A/JNK/Sp1/CDK1 pathway and the autophagy/p21 pathway participated in G2/M cell cycle arrest triggered by PP2A inhibitors.
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Impact of Different Promoters on Episomal Vectors Harbouring Characteristic Motifs of Matrix Attachment Regions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26446. [PMID: 27226236 PMCID: PMC4881036 DOI: 10.1038/srep26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the characteristic sequence of matrix attachment regions (MARs) allows transgenes to be maintained episomally in CHO cells. In the present study, six commonly used promoters from human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (CMV), simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40), Rous sarcoma virus, Homo sapiens ubiquitin C, phosphoglycerate kinase, and β-globin, respectively, were evaluated to determine their effects on transgene expression and stability in CHO cells stably transfected via the episomal vector harbouring characteristic MAR motifs. The CHO cells were transfected with vectors and then screened using G418, after which the stably transfected cells were split into two and further cultured either in the presence or absence of G418. Of the six promoters, the CMV promoter yielded the highest transgene expression levels and the highest transfection efficiency, whereas the SV40 promoter maintained transgene expression more stably during long-term culture than the other promoters did. The CMV and SV40 promoter-containing vectors were furthermore episomally maintained and conferred sustained eGFP expression in the cells even under nonselective conditions. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the CMV promoter performs best in terms of yielding both high expression levels and high levels of stability using this episomal vector system.
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Marquez J, Lee SR, Kim N, Han J. Post-Translational Modifications of Cardiac Mitochondrial Proteins in Cardiovascular Disease: Not Lost in Translation. Korean Circ J 2016; 46:1-12. [PMID: 26798379 PMCID: PMC4720839 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.46.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in regulating cellular biology by playing key roles in processes such as the rapid on and off switching of signaling network and the regulation of enzymatic activities without affecting gene expressions. PTMs lead to conformational changes in the tertiary structure of protein and resultant regulation of protein function such as activation, inhibition, or signaling roles. PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and S-nitrosylation of specific sites in proteins have key roles in regulation of mitochondrial functions, thereby contributing to the progression to heart failure. Despite the extensive study of PTMs in mitochondrial proteins much remains unclear. Further research is yet to be undertaken to elucidate how changes in the proteins may lead to cardiovascular and metabolic disease progression in particular. We aimed to summarize the various types of PTMs that occur in mitochondrial proteins, which might be associated with heart failure. This study will increase the understanding of cardiovascular diseases through PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubert Marquez
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Busan, Korea.; National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Ordemann JM, Austin RN. Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health. Metallomics 2016; 8:579-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00300h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review focuses on one possible link between the cellular biology of lead and its neurotoxic effects: the link between Pb2+substitution for Zn2+in zinc-finger proteins and mental illness in adulthood.
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Liu SY, Zhao HD, Wang JL, Huang T, Tian HW, Yao LF, Tao H, Chen ZW, Wang CY, Sheng ST, Li H, Zhao B, Li KS. Association between Polymorphisms of the AKT1 Gene Promoter and Risk of the Alzheimer's Disease in a Chinese Han Population with Type 2 Diabetes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:619-25. [PMID: 26178916 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactor disease that has been reported to have a close association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) where the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) plays an important role in the protein synthesis pathways and cell apoptosis processes. Evidence has been shown that AKT1 protein may be related to AD risk among patients with T2D. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of AKT1 promoter and the risk of AD among patients with T2D. METHODS The association between AKT1 polymorphisms and AD risk in patients with T2D was assessed among 574 consecutive unrelated subjects including 112 AD patients with T2D, 231 patients with AD, and 231 healthy controls in a case-control study. The cognitive function of all subjects was assessed using MMSE. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms with minor allele frequency >0.2 (rs2498786, rs74090038, rs2494750, rs2494751, rs5811155, and rs2494752) in AKT1 promoter were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the concentration of AKT1 protein in serum was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Overall, there was statistically significant difference in AKT1 rs2498786 polymorphism. The CC frequency of AKT1 rs2498786 polymorphism in AD with T2D group and AD control group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (PAD+T2D vs. health < 0.0001, PAD vs. health < 0.0001). However, the difference was not found between AD with T2D group and AD control group. Compared with healthy control group, the plasma levels of AKT1 protein in AD with T2D group (PAD+T2D vs. health < 0.0001) and AD control group (PAD vs. health = 0.0003) decreased significantly. Among genotypes of AKT1 rs2498786 polymorphism, the AKT1 protein level in GG genotype was significantly higher than that in GC genotype (PGG vs. GC < 0.0001) and CC genotype (PGG vs. CC < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The study suggests that AKT1 rs2498786 polymorphism in insulin signaling pathway may be associated with AD risk and different genotypes may affects levels of protein expression. However, the polymorphism is not shown to be exclusive in AD patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related cardio-cerebral Diseases of Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - He-Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Kangci Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Kangci Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Tong Huang
- Community Health Service Center of Nanyou, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Wei Tian
- Department of Prevention and Health, The Futian People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related cardio-cerebral Diseases of Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Chen
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chang-Yi Wang
- Department of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Tong Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Li
- HYK High-throughput Biotechnology Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ke-Shen Li
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related cardio-cerebral Diseases of Guangdong Province, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Measles Virus Infection Inactivates Cellular Protein Phosphatase 5 with Consequent Suppression of Sp1 and c-Myc Activities. J Virol 2015; 89:9709-18. [PMID: 26157124 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00825-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Measles virus (MeV) causes several unique syndromes, including transient immunosuppression. To clarify the cellular responses to MeV infection, we previously analyzed a MeV-infected epithelial cell line and a lymphoid cell line by microarray and showed that the expression of numerous genes was up- or downregulated in the epithelial cells. In particular, there was a characteristic comprehensive downregulation of housekeeping genes during late stage infection. To identify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the phosphorylation status of transcription factors and kinase/phosphatase activities in epithelial cells after infection. MeV infection inactivated cellular protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) that consequently inactivated DNA-dependent protein kinase, which reduced Sp1 phosphorylation levels, and c-Myc degradation, both of which downregulated the expression of many housekeeping genes. In addition, intracellular accumulation of viral nucleocapsid inactivated PP5 and subsequent downstream responses. These findings demonstrate a novel strategy of MeV during infection, which causes the collapse of host cellular functions. IMPORTANCE Measles virus (MeV) is one of the most important pathogens in humans. We previously showed that MeV infection induces the comprehensive downregulation of housekeeping genes in epithelial cells. By examining this phenomenon, we clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the constitutive expression of housekeeping genes in cells, which is maintained by cellular protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and DNA-dependent protein kinase. We also demonstrated that MeV targets PP5 for downregulation in epithelial cells. This is the first report to show how MeV infection triggers a reduction in overall cellular functions of infected host cells. Our findings will help uncover unique pathogenicities caused by MeV.
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Lee RH, Shin JC, Kim KH, Choi YH, Chae JI, Shim JH. Apoptotic effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in human oral squamous cancer cells through suppression of Sp1. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:631-8. [PMID: 25434704 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a member of the flavonoid family and has recently been identified as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic that selectively activates tropomyosin-receptor kinase B with high affinity. The antioxidant and anticancer effects of 7,8-DHF have been reported. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of 7,8-DHF in oral cancer are unclear. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms of the antiproliferative action of 7,8-DHF on HN22 and HSC4 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We demonstrated that 7,8-DHF decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in the HN22 and HSC4 cells through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) using the MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V, propidium iodide staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, pull-down assay and western blot analysis. The results showed that the Sp1 protein bound with 7,8-DHF in the HN22 and HSC4 cells. Taken together, the results suggest that 7,8-DHF could modulate Sp1 transactivation and induce apoptotic cell death by regulating the cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF may be valuable for cancer prevention and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang Technopark, Jigok-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Lee RH, Cho JH, Jeon YJ, Bang W, Cho JJ, Choi NJ, Seo KS, Shim JH, Chae JI. Quercetin Induces Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells by Suppressing Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1). Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:9-16. [PMID: 25619802 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Quercetin, found in red onions and red apple skin can induce apoptosis insome malignant cells. However, the apoptotic effect of quercetin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) has not been studied. Here, we demonstrated that quercetin decreased cell growth and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via suppression of Sp1 using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Annexin V, and Western blot analysis, an effect that was dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of HepG2 cells with quercetin reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis, followed by regulation of Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory protein. Taken together, the results suggest that quercetin can induce apoptotic cell death by regulating cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Therefore, quercetin may be useful for cancer prevention. Drug Dev Res 76 : 9-16, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Woong Bang
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Jung-Jae Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 534-729
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 534-729
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
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Specificity protein 1 regulates gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism in goat mammary epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1806-20. [PMID: 25594872 PMCID: PMC4307335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that plays an important role in controlling gene expression. Although important in mediating the function of various hormones, the role of SP1 in regulating milk fat formation remains unknown. To investigate the sequence and expression information, as well as its role in modulating lipid metabolism, we cloned SP1 gene from mammary gland of Xinong Saanen dairy goat. The full-length cDNA of the SP1 gene is 4376 bp including 103 bp of 5'UTR, 2358 bp of ORF (HM_236311) and 1915 bp of 3'UTR, which is predicted to encode a 786 amino acids polypeptide. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that goat SP1 has the closest relationship with sheep, followed by bovines (bos taurus, odobenus and ceratotherium), pig, primates (pongo, gorilla, macaca and papio) and murine (rattus and mus), while the furthest relationship was with canis and otolemur. Expression was predominant in the lungs, small intestine, muscle, spleen, mammary gland and subcutaneous fat. There were no significant expression level differences between the mammary gland tissues collected at lactation and dry-off period. Overexpression of SP1 in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) led to higher mRNA expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and lower liver X receptor α (LXRα) mRNA level, both of which were crucial in regulating fatty acid metabolism, and correspondingly altered the expression of their downstream genes in GMECs. These results were further enhanced by the silencing of SP1. These findings suggest that SP1 may play an important role in fatty acid metabolism.
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Karkhanis M, Park JI. Sp1 regulates Raf/MEK/ERK-induced p21(CIP1) transcription in TP53-mutated cancer cells. Cell Signal 2015; 27:479-86. [PMID: 25595558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the upregulation of mortalin, an Hsp70 family chaperone, is important for B-Raf(V600E) tumor cells to bypass p21(CIP1) expression, which is activated as a tumor-suppressive mechanism in response to aberrant MEK/ERK activation (Wu et al., 2013). Interestingly, mortalin depletion induced p21(CIP1) transcription not only in wild-type TP53 but also in TP53-mutated B-Raf(V600E) cancer cells, suggesting the presence of an additional mechanism for p21(CIP1) regulation. In the present study, using luciferase reporter truncation analysis in a TP53-mutated B-Raf(V600E) cancer cell line, SK-MEL28, we identified a proximal p21(CIP1) promoter region responsive to mortalin depletion. Interestingly, when Sp1-like cis-elements in this promoter region were mutagenized, the p21(CIP1) promoter luciferase reporter was no longer responsive to mortalin depletion. Consistent with this, our ChIP analysis revealed that mortalin knockdown could induce Sp1 binding to p21(CIP1) promoter in a MEK/ERK-dependent manner. Moreover, RNA interference of Sp1 substantially attenuated p21(CIP1) expression induced by mortalin depletion in SK-MEL28 cells. Consistent with this observation in SK-MEL28 cells, Sp1 was necessary for the tamoxifen-regulated ∆Raf-1:ER to induce p21(CIP1) transcription in U251 cells, in which TP53 is mutated. However, in contrast, Sp1 was not necessary for ∆Raf-1:ER to induce p21(CIP1) transcription in LNCaP cells, in which TP53 is wild type. These data suggest that Sp1 may address TP53-independent p21(CIP1) transcription in Raf/MEK/ERK-activated cancer cells and that its requirement in Raf/MEK/ERK-induced p21(CIP1) transcription is subject to TP53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Karkhanis
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Jeon YJ, Bang W, Choi YH, Shim JH, Chae JI. Beta-Lapachone Suppresses Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Proliferation through the Regulation of Specificity Protein 1. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1302-8. [PMID: 26328485 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type with a reported frequency of about 85% of all cases. Despite recent advances in therapeutic agents and targeted therapies, the prognosis for NSCLC remains poor, and therefore it is important to identify the biological targets of this complex disease since a blockade of such targets would affect multiple downstream signaling cascades. β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is an antiproliferative agent that selectively induces apoptosis-related cell death in a variety of human cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of its action require further investigation. In this study, we show that treatment with β-lap triggers apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in two NSCLC cell lines: H1299 and NCI-H358. The transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was markedly inhibited by β-lap in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, β-lap modulated the protein expression levels of the Sp1 regulatory genes, including cell-cycle regulatory proteins and antiapoptotic proteins, resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicate that β-lap may be a potential antiproliferative agent candidate by inducing apoptotic cell death in NSCLC tissue through downregulation of Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University
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Yang HC, Chuang JY, Jeng WY, Liu CI, Wang AHJ, Lu PJ, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Pin1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 increases Sp1 stability and decreases its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13573-87. [PMID: 25398907 PMCID: PMC4267622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that Sp1 phosphorylation at Thr739 decreases its DNA-binding activity. In this study, we found that phosphorylation of Sp1 at Thr739 alone is necessary, but not sufficient for the inhibition of its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. We demonstrated that Pin1 could be recruited to the Thr739(p)-Pro motif of Sp1 to modulate the interaction between phospho-Sp1 and CDK1, thereby facilitating CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of Sp1 at Ser720, Thr723 and Thr737 during mitosis. Loss of the C-terminal end of Sp1 (amino acids 741-785) significantly increased Sp1 phosphorylation, implying that the C-terminus inhibits CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation. Binding analysis of Sp1 peptides to Pin1 by isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that Pin1 interacts with Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide but not with Thr739-Sp1 peptide. X-ray crystallography data showed that the Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide occupies the active site of Pin1. Increased Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 during mitosis not only stabilized Sp1 levels by decreasing interaction with ubiquitin E3-ligase RNF4 but also caused Sp1 to move out of the chromosomes completely by decreasing its DNA-binding activity, thereby facilitating cell cycle progression. Thus, Pin1-mediated conformational changes in the C-terminal region of Sp1 are critical for increased CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation to facilitate cell cycle progression during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Che Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Jeng
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Liu
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chae JI, Jeon YJ, Shim JH. Anti-proliferative properties of kahweol in oral squamous cancer through the regulation specificity protein 1. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1879-86. [PMID: 25196544 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kahweol, the coffee-specific deterpene, has been shown to have potential anti-cancer effects against several cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity of kahweol have not yet established. In this study, we investigated whether kahweol could show anti-cancer effects on oral squamous cell lines (OSCCs), HN22 and HSC4. We conducted an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, 4'-6-diamidino2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, propidium iodide staining, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis for the characterization of kahweol and the underlying signaling pathway. We determined that kahweol-treated cells showed significantly decreased cell viability and increased nuclear condensation and an increased sub-G1 population in OSCCs. Interestingly, suppression of the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was followed by induced apoptosis by kahweol in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, kahweol modulated the protein expression level of the Sp1 regulatory genes including cell cycle regulatory proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, results from these findings suggest that kahweol may be a potential anti-cancer drug candidate to induce apoptotic cell death through downregulation of Sp1 in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756, Korea
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Wei T, Xiong FF, Wang SD, Wang K, Zhang YY, Zhang QH. Flavonoid ingredients of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract regulate lipid metabolism through Sp1-mediated carnitine palmitoyltranferase 1A up-regulation. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:87. [PMID: 25183267 PMCID: PMC4428510 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation is the primary evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and its flavonoid ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin) could lessen the lipid accumulation associated with up-regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), in the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which GBE and its flavonoids induced expression of CPT1A. RESULTS CPT1A inhibition with RNAi resulted in triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells. Through deletion and mutation analysis of CPT1A's promoter combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments, the CPT1A promoter region (-50 to -5 nt) was determined to contain two putative Sp1 binding sites, namely Sp1a and Sp1b, which might act as the GBE regulation response DNA element. Sp1 might be induced to transfer from cytoplasma to nucleus to bind the promoter region of -50 to -5 nt by GBE. The regulatory effects of GBE on CPT1A were also verified on the flavonoid ingredients quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. CONCLUSION Sp1 was crucial in regulating CPT1A expression with GBE and its flavonoid ingredients, and the -50 to -5 nt region of CPT1A promoter played important roles in Sp1 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei-fei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shi-dong Wang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong-yu Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing-hua Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cho JJ, Chae JI, Yoon G, Kim KH, Cho JH, Cho SS, Cho YS, Shim JH. Licochalcone A, a natural chalconoid isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root, induces apoptosis via Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:667-74. [PMID: 24858379 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA), a chalconoid derived from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, has been known to possess a wide range of biological functions such as antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, antiparasitic, anti-oxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anticancer effects of LCA on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been reported. Our data showed that LCA inhibited OSCC cell (HN22 and HSC4) growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it was mediated via downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression and subsequent regulation of Sp1 downstream proteins such as p27, p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and survivin. Here, we found that LCA caused apoptotic cell death in HSC4 and HN22 cells, as characterized by sub-G1 population, nuclear condensation, Annexin V staining, and multi-caspase activity and apoptotic regulatory proteins such as Bax, Bid, Bcl(-xl), caspase-3 and PARP. Consequently, this study strongly suggests that LCA induces apoptotic cell death of OSCC cells via downregulation of Sp1 expression, prompting its potential use for the treatment of human OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jae Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Hong IK, Byun HJ, Lee J, Jin YJ, Wang SJ, Jeoung DI, Kim YM, Lee H. The tetraspanin CD81 protein increases melanoma cell motility by up-regulating metalloproteinase MT1-MMP expression through the pro-oncogenic Akt-dependent Sp1 activation signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15691-704. [PMID: 24733393 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.534206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of multiple tetraspanin proteins in cancer invasion and metastasis, little is known about the role and significance of tetraspanin CD81 in these processes. In the present study, we examined CD81 effects on melanoma cell invasiveness and metastasis. Transfection of CD81 into melanoma cells lacking endogenous CD81 expression significantly enhanced the migrating, invasive, and metastatic abilities of melanoma cells. Interestingly, membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) expression was found in CD81-expressing melanoma cells but not in CD81-deficient cells. siRNA knockdown of CD81 in melanoma cells with endogenous CD81 demonstrated decreased MT1-MMP levels and cell motility. Notably, CD81-induced cell migration was abrogated by antibody blocking and siRNA knockdown of MT1-MMP, indicating that MT1-MMP is responsible for CD81-stimulated melanoma cell migration. Promoter analysis revealed an essential role of the Sp1 transcription factor in CD81-induced MT1-MMP transcription. We also demonstrate that the Sp1-activating Akt pathway is involved in adhesion-dependent CD81 signaling to induce MT1-MMP expression and cell motility. Importantly, human skin cancer tissue specimens displayed a positive correlation of CD81 with MT1-MMP expression levels and a close association of CD81 with malignant melanomas. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that CD81 stimulates melanoma cell motility by inducing MT1-MMP expression through the Akt-dependent Sp1 activation signaling pathway, leading to increased melanoma invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Kee Hong
- From the Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and
| | - Hee-Jung Byun
- From the Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and
| | - Jaeseob Lee
- Brain Korea 21+ Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, and
| | | | - Sun-Ju Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, and
| | - Doo-Il Jeoung
- From the Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Lee
- From the Medical and Bio-Material Research Center and Brain Korea 21+ Graduate Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, and
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Marinho HS, Real C, Cyrne L, Soares H, Antunes F. Hydrogen peroxide sensing, signaling and regulation of transcription factors. Redox Biol 2014; 2:535-62. [PMID: 24634836 PMCID: PMC3953959 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms by which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates the activity of transcription factors in bacteria (OxyR and PerR), lower eukaryotes (Yap1, Maf1, Hsf1 and Msn2/4) and mammalian cells (AP-1, NRF2, CREB, HSF1, HIF-1, TP53, NF-κB, NOTCH, SP1 and SCREB-1) are reviewed. The complexity of regulatory networks increases throughout the phylogenetic tree, reaching a high level of complexity in mammalians. Multiple H2O2 sensors and pathways are triggered converging in the regulation of transcription factors at several levels: (1) synthesis of the transcription factor by upregulating transcription or increasing both mRNA stability and translation; (ii) stability of the transcription factor by decreasing its association with the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex or by inhibiting this complex; (iii) cytoplasm–nuclear traffic by exposing/masking nuclear localization signals, or by releasing the transcription factor from partners or from membrane anchors; and (iv) DNA binding and nuclear transactivation by modulating transcription factor affinity towards DNA, co-activators or repressors, and by targeting specific regions of chromatin to activate individual genes. We also discuss how H2O2 biological specificity results from diverse thiol protein sensors, with different reactivity of their sulfhydryl groups towards H2O2, being activated by different concentrations and times of exposure to H2O2. The specific regulation of local H2O2 concentrations is also crucial and results from H2O2 localized production and removal controlled by signals. Finally, we formulate equations to extract from typical experiments quantitative data concerning H2O2 reactivity with sensor molecules. Rate constants of 140 M−1 s−1 and ≥1.3 × 103 M−1 s−1 were estimated, respectively, for the reaction of H2O2 with KEAP1 and with an unknown target that mediates NRF2 protein synthesis. In conclusion, the multitude of H2O2 targets and mechanisms provides an opportunity for highly specific effects on gene regulation that depend on the cell type and on signals received from the cellular microenvironment. Complexity of redox regulation increases along the phylogenetic tree. Complex regulatory networks allow for a high degree of H2O2 biological plasticity. H2O2 modulates gene expression at all steps from transcription to protein synthesis. Fast response (s) is mediated by sensors with high H2O2 reactivity. Low reactivity H2O2 sensors may mediate slow (h) or localized H2O2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Susana Marinho
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Real
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa Cyrne
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Soares
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, IPL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
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Kim BM, Jeong CB, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Transcriptional profiles of Rel/NF-κB, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two Vibrio sp.-exposed intertidal copepod, Tigriopus japonicus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 42:229-239. [PMID: 24096153 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The immune system and the role of immunity-related genes have rarely been studied in copepods, even though copepods have a primitive immune response system and also have a potential in pathogen transport higher trophic levels. In this study, we firstly cloned and characterized three core immune genes such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF) genes in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus. Several in silico analyses based on conserved domains, motifs, and phylogenetic relationships were supporting their annotations. To investigate the immune-related role of three genes, we exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two Vibrio sp. to T. japonicus. After exposure of different concentrations of LPS and two Vibrio sp., transcripts of TJ-IκB and TJ-LITAF genes were significantly elevated during the time course in a dose-dependent manner, while TJ-NF-κB transcripts were not significantly changed during exposure. These findings demonstrated that the copepod T. japonicus has a conserved immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Chae JI, Lee R, Cho J, Hong J, Shim JH. Specificity protein 1 is a novel target of 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal for the suppression of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell growth. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:4. [PMID: 24423061 PMCID: PMC3928619 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction occurring between a reducing sugar and an amino acid, generally requiring thermal processing. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antibacterial effects though 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), a fructose-tyrosine MRP, appears to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, its mechanism of action has not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242) on two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Results HPB242 treatment dramatically reduced the cell growth rate and apoptotic cell morphologies. Sp1 was significantly inhibited by HPB242 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cell cycle regulating proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, which are known as Sp1 target genes, were altered at the molecular levels. The key important regulators in the cell cycle such as p27 were increased, whereas cell proliferation- and survival-related proteins such as cyclin D1, myeloid leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and survivin were significantly decreased by HPB242 or suppressed Sp1 levels, however pro-apoptotic proteins caspase3 and PARP were cleaved in HN22 and HSC4. Conclusions HPB242 may be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC for the purpose of treatment and prevention of oral cancer and for the improvement of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Hyperosmolarity-induced up-regulation of claudin-4 mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent H2O2 production and Sp1/c-Jun cooperation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2617-2627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang WS, Liu C, Li WJ, Zhu P, Li JN, Sun K. Involvement of CRH and hCG in the induction of aromatase by cortisol in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Placenta 2013; 35:30-6. [PMID: 24239159 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased estrogen production in placenta towards the end of gestation plays a pivotal role in the onset of human labor. Estrogen transforms myometrium from a quiescent to a contractile status. Glucocorticoids have been shown to induce estrogen production through the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-mediated induction of aromatase transcription upon elevation of cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) level in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. However, it is unclear how glucocorticoids activate cAMP pathway thereby inducing aromatase expression in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated this issue in cultured primary human placental syncytiotrophoblasts prepared from placentas collected at term without labor. RESULTS We demonstrated that cortisol (0.01-1 μM) dose-dependently increased corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) α/β subunit expression and their production in the syncytiotrophoblasts. The induction of intracellular cAMP level, Sp1 expression, Sp1 enrichment at the aromatase promoter as well as aromatase expression by cortisol could be partially attenuated by either hCG antibody (1:100) or CRH receptor antagonist α-helical-CRH (1 μM), and further attenuated by combination of hCG antibody and α-helical-CRH. CONCLUSIONS Cortisol increases aromatase expression via induction of CRH and hCG production and subsequent elevation of cAMP level and enrichment of Sp1 at the aromatase promoter in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts. These findings may account for the parallel increases of cortisol and estrogen production prior to the onset of parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - C Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - W J Li
- Maternity and Infant Health Hospital of Changning District, Shanghai 200051, PR China
| | - P Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, No. 401 Hospital, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - J N Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - K Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Center of Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200135, PR China.
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Bruce JW, Reddington R, Mathieu E, Bracken M, Young JAT, Ahlquist P. ZASC1 stimulates HIV-1 transcription elongation by recruiting P-TEFb and TAT to the LTR promoter. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003712. [PMID: 24204263 PMCID: PMC3812036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter efficiently initiates but rapidly terminates because of a non-processive form of RNA polymerase II. This premature termination is overcome by assembly of an HIV-1 TAT/P-TEFb complex at the transactivation response region (TAR), a structured RNA element encoded by the first 59 nt of HIV-1 mRNA. Here we have identified a conserved DNA-binding element for the cellular transcription factor, ZASC1, in the HIV-1 core promoter immediately upstream of TAR. We show that ZASC1 interacts with TAT and P-TEFb, co-operating with TAT to regulate HIV-1 gene expression, and promoting HIV-1 transcriptional elongation. The importance of ZASC1 to HIV-1 transcription elongation was confirmed through mutagenesis of the ZASC1 binding sites in the LTR promoter, shRNAs targeting ZASC1 and expression of dominant negative ZASC1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that ZASC1 recruits Tat and P-TEFb to the HIV-1 core promoter in a TAR-independent manner. Thus, we have identified ZASC1 as novel regulator of HIV-1 gene expression that functions through the DNA-dependent, RNA-independent recruitment of TAT/P-TEFb to the HIV-1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Bruce
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rachel Reddington
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mathieu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Megan Bracken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John A. T. Young
- Nomis Foundation Laboratories for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nabokina SM, Subramanian VS, Valle JE, Said HM. Adaptive regulation of human intestinal thiamine uptake by extracellular substrate level: a role for THTR-2 transcriptional regulation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G593-9. [PMID: 23989004 PMCID: PMC3798731 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00237.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal thiamine uptake process is adaptively regulated by the level of vitamin in the diet, but the molecular mechanism involved is not fully understood. Here we used the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells exposed to different levels of extracellular thiamine to delineate the molecular mechanism involved. Our results showed that maintaining Caco-2 cells in a thiamine-deficient medium resulted in a specific and significant increase of [3H]thiamine uptake compared with cell exposure to a high level of thiamine (1 mM). This adaptive regulation was also associated with a higher level of mRNA expression of thiamine transporter-2 (THTR-2), but not thiamine transporter-1 (THTR-1), in the deficient condition and a higher level of promoter activity of gene encoding THTR-2 (SLC19A3). Using 5'-truncated promoter-luciferase constructs, we identified the thiamine level-responsive region in the SLC19A3 promoter to be between -77 and -29 (using transcriptional start site as +1). By means of mutational analysis, a key role for a stimulating protein-1 (SP1)/guanosine cytidine box in mediating the effect of extracellular thiamine level on SLC19A3 promoter was established. Furthermore, extracellular level of thiamine was found to affect SP1 protein expression and binding pattern to the thiamine level-responsive region of SLC19A3 promoter in Caco-2 cells as shown by Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis, respectively. These studies demonstrate that the human intestinal thiamine uptake is adaptively regulated by the extracellular substrate level via transcriptional regulation of the THTR-2 system, and report that SP1 transcriptional factor is involved in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M. Nabokina
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Veedamali S. Subramanian
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Judith E. Valle
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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Lee HE, Choi ES, Shin JA, Kim LH, Cho NP, Cho SD. Apoptotic effect of methanol extract of Picrasma quassioides by regulating specificity protein 1 in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:229-35. [PMID: 24037733 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of methanol extracts of Picrasma quassioides (MEPQ) on apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. The results showed that MEPQ decreased the viability and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. MEPQ decreased specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in HEp-2 cells, whereas Sp1 mRNA was not changed. We found that MEPQ reduced Sp1 protein through proteasome-dependent protein degradation, but not the inhibition of protein synthesis. Also, MEPQ increased the expressions of Bad and truncated Bid (t-Bid) but did not alter other Bcl-2 family members. The knock-down of Sp1 by both Sp1 interfering RNA and Mithramycin A, Sp1 specific inhibitor clearly increased Bad and t-Bid expression to decrease cell viability and induce apoptosis. In addition, MEPQ inhibited cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death through the modulation of Sp1 in KB cells. These results suggest that MEPQ may be a potential anticancer agent for human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Ethanol induces cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis via Sp1-dependent p75NTR expression in human neuroblastoma cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:365-80. [PMID: 24026251 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure has deleterious effects on the central nervous system. Although several mechanisms for ethanol-induced damage have been suggested, the precise mechanism underlying ethanol-induced neuronal cell death remains unclear. Recent studies indicate that the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has a critical role in the regulation of neuronal survival. This study was designed to examine the role of p75NTR in ethanol-induced apoptotic signaling in neuroblastoma cells. Ethanol caused highly increased level of p75NTR expression. The use of small interfering RNA to inhibit p75NTR expression markedly attenuated ethanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. DNA binding activity of Sp1 was increased by ethanol, whereas inhibition of Sp1 activity by mithramycin, a Sp1 inhibitor, or short hairpin RNA suppressed ethanol-induced p75NTR expression. In addition, inhibitors of casein kinase 2 (CK2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) augmented ethanol-induced p75NTR expression. Our results also demonstrate that inhibition of ERK and CK2 caused a further increase in the activation of the p75NTR proximal promoter induced by ethanol. This increased activation was partially suppressed by the deletion of the Sp1 binding sites. These results suggest that Sp1-mediated p75NTR expression is regulated at least in part by ERK and CK2 pathways. The present study also showed that treatment with ethanol resulted in significant increases in the expression of p21, but not the levels of p53 and p53 target genes such as Bax, Puma, and Bcl-2. Furthermore, the inhibition of p75NTR expression or Sp1 activity suppressed ethanol-induced p21 expression, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. These data suggest that ethanol increases p75NTR expression, and CK2 and ERK signaling inversely regulate Sp1-mediated p75NTR expression in ethanol-treated neuroblastoma cells. Thus, our study provides more insight into the mechanisms underlying ethanol actions.
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Cruciani F, Wasinger V, Turroni S, Calanni F, Donders G, Brigidi P, Vitali B. Proteome profiles of vaginal fluids from women affected by bacterial vaginosis and healthy controls: outcomes of rifaximin treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2648-59. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Sung WJ, Kim KH, Kim YJ, Chang YC, Lee IH, Park KK. Antifibrotic effect of synthetic Smad/Sp1 chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide through the regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition in unilateral ureteral obstruction model of mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:136-43. [PMID: 23791891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is considered to be a common final pathway related to the progressive loss of renal function in chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix through the pivotal role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Transforming growth factor-β1 is postulated to play a central role in renal fibrosis via a downstream pathway such as Smad. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), which is another transcription factor, is also involved in the basal expression of extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigate the effect of Smad decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and Sp1 decoy ODN in unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the newly designed chimeric decoy ODN, which contains both Smad and Sp1 binding sequences in one decoy molecule (Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN), was demonstrated. The expression of fibrosis and inflammatory related cytokines and products of fibrosis were ameliorated in the Smad, Sp1 and chimeric decoy ODN treated groups compared with the scrambled decoy ODN treated group. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was suppressed by the Smad, Sp1 and Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis revealed that Smad/Sp1 chi decoy ODN showed a more significant inhibitory effect on fibrosis and EMT compared with Smad and Sp1 decoy ODNs. These results support the efficacy of Smad/Sp1 chi decoy compared with a single Smad or Sp1 decoy ODNs in preventing renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Sung
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, 3056-6 Daemyung 4-Dong, Nam-Gu, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
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Choi ES, Han G, Park SK, Lee K, Kim HJ, Cho SD, Kim HM. A248, a novel synthetic HDAC inhibitor, induces apoptosis through the inhibition of specificity protein 1 and its downstream proteins in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:195-200. [PMID: 23685644 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as potent anticancer agents due to their ability to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells, including prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we synthesized a novel HDAC inhibitor, A248, and investigated its apoptotic activity and molecular target in the DU145 and PC3 human prostate cancer cell lines. A248 inhibited the growth of DU145 and PC3 cells and induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by nuclear fragmentation and the accumulation of cells at subG1 phase of cell cycle. The treatment of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells with A248 resulted in the downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression. Since the expression levels of survivin and Mcl-1 depend on Sp1, we also investigated the effects of A248 on survivin and Mcl-1 expression using western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. The results showed that A248 markedly decreased the expression of survivin and Mcl-1. These data suggest that A248 has apoptotic activity in human prostate cancer cells and that Sp1 may be the molecular target of A248 treatment for inducing apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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