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Liu M, Wang B, Liu H, Xia H, Ding L. Molecular docking, 3D-QASR and molecular dynamics simulations of benzimidazole Pin1 inhibitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4643-4656. [PMID: 38251755 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Pin1 (protein interacting with never-in-mitosis akinase-1) is a member of the family of peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIases) that specifically recognize and isomerize substrates containing phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro sequences. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes and plays a key role in the cell cycle, transcriptional regulation, cell metabolism, proliferation and differentiation, and its abnormalities lead to degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in human cancers and promotes the development of tumors by activating multiple oncogenes and inactivating multiple tumor suppressor genes, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the binding mechanism and conformational relationship between benzimidazole Pin1 inhibitors and Pin1 proteins by molecular docking, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) modeling, binding free energy calculations and decomposition, and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations disclosed the most likely binding pose of benzimidazoles with the Pin1 protein. The results of 3D-QSAR modeling indicated that electrostatic fields, hydrophobic fields and hydrogen bonding play important roles in the binding process of inhibitors to proteins. The binding free energy calculations and energy decomposition indicated that Lys63, Arg69, Cys113, Leu122, Met130, and Ser154 may be key residues in the binding of benzimidazole-based inhibitors to the Pin1 protein. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of benzimidazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
| | - Bingli Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
| | - Haolun Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
| | - Lina Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China.
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Shuken SR, McAlister GC, Barshop WD, Canterbury JD, Bergen D, Huang J, Huguet R, Paulo JA, Zabrouskov V, Gygi SP, Yu Q. Deep Proteomic Compound Profiling with the Orbitrap Ascend Tribrid Mass Spectrometer Using Tandem Mass Tags and Real-Time Search. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15180-15188. [PMID: 37811788 PMCID: PMC10785648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass tags (TMT) and tribrid mass spectrometers are a powerful combination for high-throughput proteomics with high quantitative accuracy. Increasingly, this technology is being used to map the effects of drugs on the proteome. However, the depth of proteomic profiling is still limited by sensitivity and speed. The new Orbitrap Ascend mass spectrometer was designed to address these limitations with a combination of hardware and software improvements. We evaluated the performance of the Ascend in multiple contexts including deep proteomic profiling. We found that the Ascend exhibited increased sensitivity, yielding higher signal-to-noise ratios than the Orbitrap Eclipse with shorter injection times. As a result, higher numbers of peptides and proteins were identified and quantified, especially with low sample input. TMT measurements had significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios, improving quantitative precision. In a fractionated 16plex sample that profiled proteomic differences across four human cell lines, the Ascend was able to quantify hundreds more proteins than the Eclipse, many of them low-abundant proteins, and the Ascend was able to quantify >8000 proteins in 30% less instrument time. We used the Ascend to analyze 8881 proteins in HCT116 cancer cells treated with covalent sulfolane/sulfolene inhibitors of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), a phosphorylation-specific peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase implicated in several cancers. We characterized these PIN1 inhibitors' effects on the proteome and identified discrepancies among the different compounds, which will facilitate a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of this class of compounds. The Ascend was able to quantify statistically significant, potentially therapeutically relevant changes in proteins that the Eclipse could not detect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Shuken
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Graeme C McAlister
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - William D Barshop
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Jesse D Canterbury
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - David Bergen
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Romain Huguet
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - João A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vlad Zabrouskov
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Yuan J, Li S, Han Y, Li F, Shi H, Shi W, Cui W. Restoration of miR-328a-5p function curtails hypoxic pulmonary hypertension through a mechanism involving PIN1/GSK3β/β-catenin axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110599. [PMID: 37567011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has highlighted the involvement of microRNAs (miRs) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), which can be induced under hypoxic conditions. We intend to explore whether the miR-328a-5p/PIN1 axis affects hypoxic PH by regulating the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. The GEO database was retrieved to single out key miRs affecting hypoxic PH. It was observed that downregulation of miR-328a-5p occurred in hypoxia-induced PH samples. The binding affinity between miR-328a-5p to PIN1 was predicted by a bioinformatics tool and verified using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Rat primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were exposed to hypoxia for in vitro cell experiments. miR-328a-5p could target and downregulate PIN1 expression, leading to suppressed GSK3β/β-catenin activation. In addition, GSK3β/β-catenin inactivation curtailed hypoxia-induced vascular inflammatory responses and proliferation and migration in PASMCs in vitro. A hypoxic PH model was established in SD rats to observe the effects of miR-328a-5p on hemodynamic parameters and right heart remodeling. It was demonstrated in vivo that miR-328a-5p downregulated PIN1 expression to suppress GSK3β/β-catenin signaling, thereby reducing the vascular inflammatory response and alleviating disease progression in hypoxia-induced PH rats. The evidence provided by our study highlighted the involvement of miR-328a-5p in the translational suppression of PIN1 and the blockade of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, resulting in attenuation of hypoxic PH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Weitao Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China
| | - Wenjie Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221100, PR China.
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4
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Byun DP, Ritchie J, Jung Y, Holewinski R, Kim HR, Tagirasa R, Ivanic J, Weekley CM, Parker MW, Andresson T, Yoo E. Covalent Inhibition by a Natural Product-Inspired Latent Electrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11097-11109. [PMID: 37183434 PMCID: PMC10719761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to target specific protein cysteines are critical to covalent probe and drug discovery. 3-Bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole (BDHI) is a natural product-inspired, synthetically accessible electrophilic moiety that has previously been shown to react with nucleophilic cysteines in the active site of purified enzymes. Here, we define the global cysteine reactivity and selectivity of a set of BDHI-functionalized chemical fragments using competitive chemoproteomic profiling methods. Our study demonstrates that BDHIs capably engage reactive cysteine residues in the human proteome and the selectivity landscape of cysteines liganded by BDHI is distinct from that of haloacetamide electrophiles. Given its tempered reactivity, BDHIs showed restricted, selective engagement with proteins driven by interactions between a tunable binding element and the complementary protein sites. We validate that BDHI forms covalent conjugates with glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), emerging anticancer targets. BDHI electrophile was further exploited in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor design using a single-step late-stage installation of the warhead onto acrylamide-containing compounds. Together, this study expands the spectrum of optimizable chemical tools for covalent ligand discovery and highlights the utility of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole as a cysteine-reactive electrophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Byun
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer Ritchie
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yejin Jung
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ronald Holewinski
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biochemical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ravichandra Tagirasa
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joseph Ivanic
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Claire M Weekley
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biochemical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Cincotta AH, Cersosimo E, Alatrach M, Ezrokhi M, Agyin C, Adams J, Chilton R, Triplitt C, Chamarthi B, Cominos N, DeFronzo RA. Bromocriptine-QR Therapy Reduces Sympathetic Tone and Ameliorates a Pro-Oxidative/Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Plasma of Type 2 Diabetes Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168851. [PMID: 36012132 PMCID: PMC9407769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine-QR is a sympatholytic dopamine D2 agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated rapid (within 1 year) substantial reductions in adverse cardiovascular events in this population by as yet incompletely delineated mechanisms. However, a chronic state of elevated sympathetic nervous system activity and central hypodopaminergic function has been demonstrated to potentiate an immune system pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory condition and this immune phenotype is known to contribute significantly to the advancement of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the possibility exists that bromocriptine-QR therapy may reduce adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes subjects via attenuation of this underlying chronic pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory state. The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of bromocriptine-QR on a wide range of immune pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory biochemical pathways and genes known to be operative in the genesis and progression of CVD. Inflammatory peripheral blood mononuclear cell biology is both a significant contributor to cardiovascular disease and also a marker of the body’s systemic pro-inflammatory status. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of 4-month circadian-timed (within 2 h of waking in the morning) bromocriptine-QR therapy (3.2 mg/day) in type 2 diabetes subjects whose glycemia was not optimally controlled on the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist on (i) gene expression status (via qPCR) of a wide array of mononuclear cell pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory genes known to participate in the genesis and progression of CVD (OXR1, NRF2, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSR, GPX1, GPX4, GCH1, HMOX1, BiP, EIF2α, ATF4, PERK, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP, GSK3β, NFkB, TXNIP, PIN1, BECN1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR10, MAPK8, NLRP3, CCR2, GCR, L-selectin, VCAM1, ICAM1) and (ii) humoral measures of sympathetic tone (norepinephrine and normetanephrine), whole-body oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine, TBARS), and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, MCP-1, prolactin, C-reactive protein [CRP]). Relative to pre-treatment status, 4 months of bromocriptine-QR therapy resulted in significant reductions of mRNA levels in PBMC endoplasmic reticulum stress-unfolded protein response effectors [GRP78/BiP (34%), EIF2α (32%), ATF4 (29%), XBP1 (25%), PIN1 (14%), BECN1 (23%)], oxidative stress response proteins [OXR1 (31%), NRF2 (32%), NQO1 (39%), SOD1 (52%), CAT (26%), GPX1 (33%), GPX4 (31%), GCH1 (30%), HMOX1 (40%)], mRNA levels of TLR pro-inflammatory pathway proteins [TLR2 (46%), TLR4 (20%), GSK3β (19%), NFkB (33%), TXNIP (18%), NLRP3 (32%), CCR2 (24%), GCR (28%)], mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cellular receptor proteins CCR2 and GCR by 24% and 28%, and adhesion molecule proteins L-selectin (35%) and VCAM1 (24%). Relative to baseline, bromocriptine-QR therapy also significantly reduced plasma levels of norepinephrine and normetanephrine by 33% and 22%, respectively, plasma pro-oxidative markers nitrotyrosine and TBARS by 13% and 10%, respectively, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-18, MCP1, IL-1β, prolactin, and CRP by 21%,13%, 12%, 42%, and 45%, respectively. These findings suggest a unique role for circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR sympatholytic dopamine agonist therapy in reducing systemic low-grade sterile inflammation to thereby reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Cincotta
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-816-0525
| | - Eugenio Cersosimo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Mariam Alatrach
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Christina Agyin
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John Adams
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Curtis Triplitt
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph A. DeFronzo
- Texas Diabetes Institute, University Health System, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Kim WJ, Kim BS, Kim HJ, Cho YD, Shin HL, Yoon HI, Lee YS, Baek JH, Woo KM, Ryoo HM. Intratesticular Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase 1 Protein Delivery Using Cationic Lipid-Coated Fibroin Nanoparticle Complexes Rescues Male Infertility in Mice. ACS Nano 2020; 14:13217-13231. [PMID: 32969647 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is a multifactorial condition. Unexplained male infertility is often caused by spermatogenesis dysfunction. Knockout of Pin1, an important regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation, produces male infertility phenotypes such as testicular immaturity and azoospermia with spermatogonia depletion and blood-testis barrier (BTB) dysfunction. Gene therapy has been clinically considered for the treatment of male infertility, but it is not preferred because of the risks of adverse effects in germ cells. Direct intracellular protein delivery using nanoparticles is considered an effective alternative to gene therapy; however, in vivo testicular protein delivery remains a pressing challenge. Here, we investigated the direct intracellular protein delivery strategy using a fibroin nanoparticle-encapsulated cationic lipid complex (Fibroplex) to restore intratesticular PIN1. Local intratesticular delivery of PIN1 via Fibroplex in Pin1 knockout testes produced fertile mice, achieving recovery from the infertile phenotypes. Mechanistically, PIN1-loaded Fibroplex was successfully delivered into testicular cells, including spermatogonial cells and Sertoli cells, and the sustained release of PIN1 restored the gene expression required for the proliferation of spermatogonial cells and BTB integrity in Pin1 knockout testes. Collectively, testicular PIN1 protein delivery using Fibroplex might be an effective strategy for treating male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Soo Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dan Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Shin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee In Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sil Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Woo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Hebei University of Engineering, College of Medicine, Handan 056002, China.
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8
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Abstract
PIN4 is a FGFR3-TACC3 substrate required for ROS-mediated induction of PGCIα and tumor growth.
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Currier N, Solomon SE, Demicco EG, Chang DLF, Farago M, Ying H, Dominguez I, Sonenshein GE, Cardiff RD, Xiao ZXJ, Sherr DH, Seldin DC. Oncogenic Signaling Pathways Activated in DMBA-Induced Mouse Mammary Tumors. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 33:726-37. [PMID: 16263698 DOI: 10.1080/01926230500352226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Only about 5% of human breast cancers can be attributed to inheritance of breast cancer susceptibility genes, while the balance are considered to be sporadic in origin. Breast cancer incidence varies with diet and other environmental influences, including carcinogen exposure. However, the effects of environmental carcinogens on cell growth control pathways are poorly understood. Here we have examined oncogenic signaling pathways that are activated in mammary tumors in mice treated with the prototypical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene (DMBA). In female FVB mice given 6 doses of 1 mg of DMBA by weekly gavage beginning at 5 weeks of age, all of the mice developed tumors by 34 weeks of age (median 20 weeks after beginning DMBA); 75% of the mice had mammary tumors. DMBA-induced mammary tumors exhibited elevated expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), c- myc, cyclin D1, and hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. Because of this, the activation of upstream regulatory pathways was assessed, and elements of the Wnt signaling pathway, the NF-κB pathway, and the prolyl isomerase Pin-1 were found to be frequently up-regulated in the tumors when compared to normal mammary gland controls. These data suggest that environmental carcinogens can produce long-lasting alterations in growth and anti-apoptotic pathways, leading to mammary tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinogens
- Casein Kinase II/metabolism
- DNA/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, bcl-1/drug effects
- Genes, bcl-1/physiology
- Genes, myc/drug effects
- Genes, myc/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Oncogenes/drug effects
- Oncogenes/physiology
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Currier
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Jiang L, Cao M, Hu J, Chen J. Expression of PIN1 in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours and its Clinical Significance. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:1275-1280. [PMID: 26977025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The malignancy of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) varies greatly. Due to the uncertainty of specific molecular pathogenesis and complexity of biological behaviour of GIST, the aggressiveness and prognosis of GIST cannot be precisely predicted. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved 40 paraffin-embedded specimens of surgically resected GIST between January 2013 and May 2015 at the Pathology Department of Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University and detected the expression of NIMA-interacting peptidylprolyl isomerase (PIN1) and Ki67, by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS The positivity rate of PIN1 and Ki67 in GIST was 80% and 32.5%, respectively. The expression of PIN1 was associated with risk of malignancy, tumour location, tumour size, and mitotic counts. The expression of Ki67 was also associated with risk of malignancy, tumour location, tumour size, and mitotic counts. The expression of Ki67 was positively related to the expression of PIN1. CONCLUSION PIN1 and Ki67 may be potential factors predicting the malignancy of GIST. PIN1 may be an attractive prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University-Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University-Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jinchen Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University-Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University-Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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Abstract
Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis is a common, destructive endpoint for a variety of kidney diseases. Fibrosis is well correlated with the loss of kidney function in both humans and rodents. The identification of modulators of fibrosis could provide novel therapeutic approaches to reducing disease progression or severity. Here, we show that the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is an important molecular contributor that facilitates renal fibrosis in a well-characterized animal model. While wild-type mice fed a high phosphate diet (HPD) for 8–12 weeks developed calcium deposition, macrophage infiltration and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the kidney interstitium, Pin1 null mice showed significantly less pathology. The serum Pi in both WT and KO mice were significantly increased by the HPD, but the serum Ca was slightly decreased in KO compared to WT. In addition, both WT and KO HPD mice had less weight gain but exhibited normal organ mass (kidney, lung, spleen, liver and heart). Unexpectedly, renal function was not initially impaired in either genotype irrespective of the HPD. Our results suggest that diet containing high Pi induces rapid renal fibrosis before a significant impact on renal function and that Pin1 plays an important role in the fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (JSM)
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Shiizaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - James S. Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZJS); (JSM)
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12
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Shan Y, Wang DD, Xu YX, Wang C, Cao L, Liu YS, Zhu CQ. Aging as a Precipitating Factor in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Tau Aggregation Pathology, and the Protective Effects of Rosmarinic Acid. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:829-44. [PMID: 26577520 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been evidenced that stress could induce tau phosphorylation and increase tau insolubility in brain; however, little is known about the interactional effect of stress with aging on tauopathy. Therefore, we explored the effects of aging on stress-induced tauopathy and the potential mechanism in mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS). Here we found that in general, the level of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) was higher in brain of middle-aged mice than that in adult mice under physiological conditions. CRS-induced tau phosphorylation and its insolubility were more prominent in middle-aged mice. The increase of AT8-labeled insoluble P-tau was dramatic in middle-aged mice, which was highly ubiquitinated but did not form PHF structures. The levels of chaperones were relatively lower in middle-aged mice brain; CRS further reduced the expression, especially for HDJ2/HSP40. CRS also suppressed the expression of Pin1, the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, in middle-aged mice but not in adult mice. Downregulation of HSP40 or Pin1 caused an increase of transfected extraneous tau in 293 cells. Rosmarinic acid (RA) could effectively suppress the elevation of P-tau and insoluble P-tau formation induced by CRS, and reversed the abnormal changes of chaperones and Pin1 particularly in middle-aged mice. Taken together, our findings provided evidence that aging could be a promoting factor in stress-induced tauopathy, which was relevant with malregulation of chaperones and Pin1, and RA might be a promising beneficial agent for stress-induced tauopathy.
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13
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Choi HJ, Kim JY, Lim SC, Kim G, Yun HJ, Choi HS. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 gene expression. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5096-109. [PMID: 26267432 PMCID: PMC4687806 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an aminopeptidase that is widely expressed in different cell types. Recent studies suggested that DPP4 plays an important role in tumour progression in several human malignancies. Here we have examined the mechanisms by which up-regulation of DPP4 expression causes epithelial transformation and mammary tumourigenesis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of DPP4 and the peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1), and the cytotoxic effects of combined treatment with sitagliptin and juglone were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, real-time PCR, TUNEL and soft agar assays, using MCF7 cells. The effects of sitagliptin on tumour development in vivo were studied in the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model. KEY RESULTS Activity of the transcription factor E2F1 induced by EGF was enhanced by DPP4, thus increasing PIN1 expression. Furthermore, DPP4 enhanced MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun signalling induced by EGF, inducing AP-1 activity and epithelial cell transformation. In contrast, DPP4 silencing or DPP4 inhibition in MCF7 cells inhibited PIN1 expression via E2F1 activity induced by EGF, decreasing colony formation and inducing DNA fragmentation. In the syngeneic 4T1 metastatic breast cancer model, DPP4 overexpression increased tumour development, whereas treatment with sitagliptin and/or juglone suppressed it. Consistent with these observations, DPP4 levels were positively correlated with PIN1 expression in human breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DPP4 promoted EGF-induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - S-C Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - G Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H J Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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14
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Nakagawa H, Seike S, Sugimoto M, Ieda N, Kawaguchi M, Suzuki T, Miyata N. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase Pin1-inhibitory activity of D-glutamic and D-aspartic acid derivatives bearing a cyclic aliphatic amine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5619-24. [PMID: 26508545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is a peptidyl prolyl isomerase that specifically catalyzes cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated Thr/Ser-Pro peptide bonds in substrate proteins and peptides. Pin1 is involved in many important cellular processes, including cancer progression, so it is a potential target of cancer therapy. We designed and synthesized a novel series of Pin1 inhibitors based on a glutamic acid or aspartic acid scaffold bearing an aromatic moiety to provide a hydrophobic surface and a cyclic aliphatic amine moiety with affinity for the proline-binding site of Pin1. Glutamic acid derivatives bearing cycloalkylamino and phenylthiazole groups showed potent Pin1-inhibitory activity comparable with that of known inhibitor VER-1. The results indicate that steric interaction of the cyclic alkyl amine moiety with binding site residues plays a key role in enhancing Pin1-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Suguru Seike
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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15
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Abstract
The prolyl isomerase Pin1, which isomerizes the p-Ser/Thr-Pro peptide bonds and effects conformational and functional changes of the bound proteins, has been identified as a regulator of phosphorylation signaling in several diseases including cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the expression status of Pin1 in gastric cancer, its relationship between clinicopathologic features and patients' outcome. The mRNA levels of Pin1 in human normal and gastric cancer tissues were analyzed using the datasets from the publicly available Oncomine database ( www.oncomine.org ). Pin1 protein levels in human gastric cancer cells and tissues were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. The Pin1 protein expression levels and its clinicopathologic correlations were investigated using tumor tissue microarray including 182 cases of human gastric cancer samples with survival information. Pin1 mRNA expression was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer by using several datasets of Oncomine database analyzing. Pin1 protein expression is higher in 10 gastric cancer cell lines than that in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Pin1 positive expression was observed in 109 of 182 (59.9 %) gastric cancer samples and in 55 of 182 (30.2 %) normal gastric tissues (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that high expression of Pin1 was significantly associated with pT (P = 0.017), pN (P = 0.043), TNM staging (P = 0.027), Lauren's classification (P < 0.001), as well as shorter overall survival in gastric cancer patients (29 mos vs. 47 mos. P = 0.048). Moreover, Pin1 expression, pT, and differentiation were independent prognostic factors of gastric cancer in Cox regression analysis. Pin1 is overexpressed in gastric cancer and correlates with clinicopathologic features, which might predict poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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16
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Hilton BA, Li Z, Musich PR, Wang H, Cartwright BM, Serrano M, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Zou Y. ATR Plays a Direct Antiapoptotic Role at Mitochondria, which Is Regulated by Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. Mol Cell 2015; 60:35-46. [PMID: 26387736 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ATR, a PI3K-like protein kinase, plays a key role in regulating DNA damage responses. Its nuclear checkpoint kinase function is well documented, but little is known about its function outside the nucleus. Here we report that ATR has an antiapoptotic activity at mitochondria in response to UV damage, and this activity is independent of its hallmark checkpoint/kinase activity and partner ATRIP. ATR contains a BH3-like domain that allows ATR-tBid interaction at mitochondria, suppressing cytochrome c release and apoptosis. This mitochondrial activity of ATR is downregulated by Pin1 that isomerizes ATR from cis-isomer to trans-isomer at the phosphorylated Ser428-Pro429 motif. However, UV inactivates Pin1 via DAPK1, stabilizing the pro-survival cis-isomeric ATR. In contrast, nuclear ATR remains in the trans-isoform disregarding UV. This cytoplasmic response of ATR may provide a mechanism for the observed antiapoptotic role of ATR in suppressing carcinogenesis and its inhibition in sensitizing anticancer agents for killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Hilton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhengke Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Brian M Cartwright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Moises Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Center for Life Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Life Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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17
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Follis AV, Llambi F, Merritt P, Chipuk JE, Green DR, Kriwacki RW. Pin1-Induced Proline Isomerization in Cytosolic p53 Mediates BAX Activation and Apoptosis. Mol Cell 2015; 59:677-84. [PMID: 26236013 PMCID: PMC4546541 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic fraction of the tumor suppressor p53 activates the apoptotic effector protein BAX to trigger apoptosis. Here we report that p53 activates BAX through a mechanism different from that associated with activation by BH3 only proteins (BIM and BID). We observed that cis-trans isomerization of proline 47 (Pro47) within p53, an inherently rare molecular event, was required for BAX activation. The prolyl isomerase Pin1 enhanced p53-dependent BAX activation by catalyzing cis-trans interconversion of p53 Pro47. Our results reveal a signaling mechanism whereby proline cis-trans isomerization in one protein triggers conformational and functional changes in a downstream signaling partner. Activation of BAX through the concerted action of cytosolic p53 and Pin1 may integrate cell stress signals to induce a direct apoptotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariele Viacava Follis
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabien Llambi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Parker Merritt
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Richard W Kriwacki
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 920 Court Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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18
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Chen L, Liu J, Tao X, Wang G, Wang Q, Liu X. The role of Pin1 protein in aging of human tendon stem/progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:487-92. [PMID: 26150353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aging of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) can lead to tissue degeneration and subsequent injury. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling TSPC aging are not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of Pin1 in aging of human TSPCs. Pin1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased during prolonged in vitro culture of human TSPCs. Furthermore, overexpression of Pin1 delayed the progression of cellular senescence, as confirmed by downregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase, increased telomerase activity and decreased levels of the senescence marker, p16(INK4A). Conversely, Pin1 siRNA transfection promoted senescence in TSPCs. In addition, miR-140-5p regulated Pin1 expression at the translational level via directly targeting its 3'UTR. Our results collectively demonstrate that Pin1 acts as an important regulator of TSPC aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Junpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ximing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Kanaoka R, Kushiyama A, Seno Y, Nakatsu Y, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima T, Tsuchiya Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Yamamotoya T, Kamata H, Matsubara A, Asano T. Pin1 Inhibitor Juglone Exerts Anti-Oncogenic Effects on LNCaP and DU145 Cells despite the Patterns of Gene Regulation by Pin1 Differing between These Cell Lines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127467. [PMID: 26039047 PMCID: PMC4454534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer initially develops in an androgen-dependent manner but, during its progression, transitions to being androgen-independent in the advanced stage. Pin1, one of the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases, is reportedly overexpressed in prostate cancers and is considered to contribute to accelerated cell growth, which may be one of the major factors contributing to their androgen-independent growth. Thus, we investigated how Pin1 modulates the gene expressions in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines using microarray analysis. In addition, the effects of Juglone, a commercially available Pin1 inhibitor were also examined. Methods Two prostate cancer cell-lines, LNCaP (androgen-dependent) and DU145 (androgen-independent), were treated with Pin1 siRNA and its effects on gene expressions were analyzed by microarray. Individual gene regulations induced by Pin1 siRNA or the Pin1 inhibitor Juglone were examined using RT-PCR. In addition, the effects of Juglone on the growth of LNCaP and DU145 transplanted into mice were investigated. Results Microarray analysis revealed that transcriptional factors regulated by Pin1 differed markedly between LNCaP and DU145 cells, the only exception being that Nrf was regulated in the same way by Pin1 siRNA in both cell lines. Despite this marked difference in gene regulations, Pin1 siRNA and Juglone exert a strong inhibitory effect on both the LNCaP and the DU145 cell line, suppressing in vitro cell proliferation as well as tumor enlargement when transplanted into mice. Conclusions Despite Pin1-regulated gene expressions differing between these two prostate cancer cell-lines, LNCaP (androgen-dependent) and DU145 (androgen-independent), Pin1 inhibition suppresses proliferation of both cell-lines. These findings suggest the potential effectiveness of Pin1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for prostate cancers, regardless of their androgen sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 1-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kamata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kim G, Khanal P, Kim JY, Yun HJ, Lim SC, Shim JH, Choi HS. COT phosphorylates prolyl-isomerase Pin1 to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:440-8. [PMID: 24265246 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pin1, a conserved eukaryotic Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, has profound effects on numerous key-signaling molecules, and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. Although Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization is an essential and novel regulatory mechanism for protein phosphorylation, little is known about the upstream signaling pathway(s) that regulates Pin1 activity. Here, we identify MAP3K-related serine-threonine kinase (the gene encoding COT/Tpl2) as a kinase responsible for phosphorylation of Pin1 Ser16. COT interacts with and phosphorylates Pin1 on Ser16. Consequently, Pin1 Ser16 phosphorylation by COT increases cyclin D1 abundance and enhances tumorigenecity of MCF7 cells. In contrast, depletion of COT in MCF7 cells leads to downregulation of Pin1 Ser16 phosphorylation, which subsequently decrease cyclin D1 levels, inhibiting tumorigenecity of MCF7 cells. In a xenograft model, treatment of TKI, a COT inhibitor, and Juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, abrogates tumor growth. In human breast cancer patients, immunohistochemical staining shows that Pin1 pSer16 levels are positively correlated with COT levels, providing strong evidence for an essential role of the COT/Pin1 axis in conveying oncogenic signals to promote aggressiveness in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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21
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Wei S, Kozono S, Kats L, Nechama M, Li W, Guarnerio J, Luo M, You MH, Yao Y, Kondo A, Hu H, Bozkurt G, Moerke NJ, Cao S, Reschke M, Chen CH, Rego EM, LoCoco F, Cantley L, Lee TH, Wu H, Zhang Y, Pandolfi PP, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Active Pin1 is a key target of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and breast cancer. Nat Med 2015; 21:457-66. [PMID: 25849135 PMCID: PMC4425616 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A common key regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways in multiple tumor types is the unique isomerase Pin1. However, available Pin1 inhibitors lack the required specificity and potency for inhibiting Pin1 function in vivo. By using mechanism-based screening, here we find that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)--a therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) that is considered the first example of targeted therapy in cancer, but whose drug target remains elusive--inhibits and degrades active Pin1 selectively in cancer cells by directly binding to the substrate phosphate- and proline-binding pockets in the Pin1 active site. ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation degrades the protein encoded by the fusion oncogene PML-RARA and treats APL in APL cell and animal models as well as in human patients. ATRA-induced Pin1 ablation also potently inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell growth in human cells and in animal models by acting on many Pin1 substrate oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Thus, ATRA simultaneously blocks multiple Pin1-regulated cancer-driving pathways, an attractive property for treating aggressive and drug-resistant tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Catalysis
- Catalytic Domain
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Phosphates/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Proline/chemistry
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lev Kats
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morris Nechama
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenzong Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jlenia Guarnerio
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manli Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon You
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yandan Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asami Kondo
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gunes Bozkurt
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan J. Moerke
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Markus Reschke
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eduardo M. Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francesco LoCoco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University and Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Lewis Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhao S, Dong WB, Zhang C, Li QP, Kang L, Lei XP, Zhai XS. [Silencing of Pin1 suppresses hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of A549 cells]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2015; 17:496-501. [PMID: 26014703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of silence of Pin1 expression on hyperoxia-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells A549. METHODS A549 cells were divided into four groups: control, hyperoxia, negative lentivirus and Pin1-shRNA hyperoxia. The hyperoxia group was exposed to a mixture of 95%O2 and 5%CO2 for 10 minutes. Then cells were cultured in a closed environment. After 24 hours, the changes of morphology were observed under an inverted microscope. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and Caspase-9 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular mitochondria membrane potential (△Ψm) were determined by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Under the inverted microscope, the A549 cells grew slowly and the changes in morphology of the cells were most obvious in the hyperoxia and negative lentivirus groups. The changes in morphology of A549 cells were obviously improved in the Pin1-shRNA hyperoxia group. The FCM results showed that the apoptosis rate of A549 cells increased, Caspase-9 expression increased, XIAP expression decreased, mitochondrial ROS production increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in the hyperoxia and negative lentivirus groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the hyperoxia and negative lentivirus groups, the apoptosis rate of A549 cells decreased, Caspase-9 expression decreased, XIAP expression increased, mitochondrial ROS production decreased and mitochondrial membrane potential increased in the Pin1-shRNA hyperoxia group (P<0.05), although the levels of the indexes did not reach to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS Silencing of Pin1 could suppress hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Shen ZJ, Malter JS. Regulation of AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins by Phosphorylation and the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1. Biomolecules 2015; 5:412-34. [PMID: 25874604 PMCID: PMC4496679 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR), AU-rich element (ARE) containing mRNAs, are predominantly controlled at the post-transcriptional level. Regulation appears to rely on a variable and dynamic interaction between mRNA target and ARE-specific binding proteins (AUBPs). The AUBP-ARE mRNA recognition is directed by multiple intracellular signals that are predominantly targeted at the AUBPs. These include (but are unlikely limited to) methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and isomerization. These regulatory events ultimately affect ARE mRNA location, abundance, translation and stability. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of phosphorylation and its impact on conformation of the AUBPs, interaction with ARE mRNAs and highlight the role of Pin1 mediated prolyl cis-trans isomerization in these biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8548, USA.
| | - James S Malter
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8548, USA.
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Luo ML, Gong C, Chen CH, Hu H, Huang P, Zheng M, Yao Y, Wei S, Wulf G, Lieberman J, Zhou XZ, Song E, Lu KP. The Rab2A GTPase promotes breast cancer stem cells and tumorigenesis via Erk signaling activation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:111-24. [PMID: 25818297 PMCID: PMC4401741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-directed phosphorylation is regulated by the prolyl isomerase Pin1, which plays a fundamental role in driving breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). Rab2A is a small GTPase critical for vesicle trafficking. Here, we show that Pin1 increases Rab2A transcription to promote BCSC expansion and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Rab2A directly interacts with and prevents dephosphorylation/inactivation of Erk1/2 by the MKP3 phosphatase, resulting in Zeb1 upregulation and β-catenin nuclear translocation. In cancer cells, Rab2A is activated via gene amplification, mutation or Pin1 overexpression. Rab2A overexpression or mutation endows BCSC traits to primary normal human breast epithelial cells, whereas silencing Rab2A potently inhibits the expansion and tumorigenesis of freshly isolated BCSCs. Finally, Rab2A overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Thus, Pin1/Rab2A/Erk drives BCSC expansion and tumorigenicity, suggesting potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Li Luo
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gerburg Wulf
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Thacker PC, Karunagaran D. Curcumin and emodin down-regulate TGF-β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120045. [PMID: 25786122 PMCID: PMC4365016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the major cause of cancer related deaths in women, especially in developing countries and Human Papilloma Virus infection in conjunction with multiple deregulated signaling pathways leads to cervical carcinogenesis. TGF-β signaling in later stages of cancer is known to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition promoting tumor growth. Phytochemicals, curcumin and emodin, are effective as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic compounds against several cancers including cervical cancer. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of curcumin and emodin on TGF-β signaling pathway and its functional relevance to growth, migration and invasion in two cervical cancer cell lines, SiHa and HeLa. Since TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are known to cross talk having common downstream targets, we analyzed the effect of TGF-β on β-catenin (an important player in Wnt/β-catenin signaling) and also studied whether curcumin and emodin modulate them. We observed that curcumin and emodin effectively down regulate TGF-β signaling pathway by decreasing the expression of TGF-β Receptor II, P-Smad3 and Smad4, and also counterbalance the tumorigenic effects of TGF-β by inhibiting the TGF-β-induced migration and invasion. Expression of downstream effectors of TGF-β signaling pathway, cyclinD1, p21 and Pin1, was inhibited along with the down regulation of key mesenchymal markers (Snail and Slug) upon curcumin and emodin treatment. Curcumin and emodin were also found to synergistically inhibit cell population and migration in SiHa and HeLa cells. Moreover, we found that TGF-β activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HeLa cells, and curcumin and emodin down regulate the pathway by inhibiting β-catenin. Taken together our data provide a mechanistic basis for the use of curcumin and emodin in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Chandrakant Thacker
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Devarajan Karunagaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- * E-mail:
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26
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Jo A, Yun HJ, Kim JY, Lim SC, Choi HJ, Kang BS, Choi BY, Choi HS. Prolyl isomerase PIN1 negatively regulates SGK1 stability to mediate tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:785-94. [PMID: 25667458 DOI: pmid/25667458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endocrine therapies that inhibit oestrogen receptor (ER)-α signaling are the most common and effective treatment for ER-α-positive breast cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which down-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase-1 (SGK1) expression confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS SGK1 expression and the cytotoxic effects of combinatorial 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT) treatment with SGK1 overexpression were investigated by immunoblotting, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and soft agar assay. RESULTS We showed that PIN1 down-regulates SGK1 expression through interaction with and ubiquitination of SGK1. PIN1 silencing in MCF7 cells increased SGK1 expression. In tamoxifen-resistant human breast cancer, immunohistochemical staining analysis showed an inverse correlation between SGK1 expression and severity of tamoxifen resistance. Importantly, 4-OHT in combination with overexpression of SGK1 increased cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation to inhibit clonogenic growth of tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 (TAMR-MCF7) cells. CONCLUSION We suggest that PIN1-mediated SGK1 ubiquitination is a major regulator of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Jo
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Seok Kang
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu-Young Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Bioscience and Technology, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lee SH, Jeong HM, Han Y, Cheong H, Kang BY, Lee KY. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates the osteogenic activity of Osterix. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 400:32-40. [PMID: 25463757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osterix is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The mechanism of regulation of Osterix by post-translational modification remains unknown. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) catalyzes the isomerization of pSer/Thr-Pro bonds and induces a conformational change in its substrates, subsequently regulating diverse cellular processes. In this study, we demonstrated that Pin1 interacts with Osterix and influences its protein stability and transcriptional activity. This regulation is likely due to the suppression of poly-ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation of Osterix. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pin1 is a novel regulator of Osterix and may play an essential role in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Jeong
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Han
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Yun Kang
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Allepuz-Fuster P, Martínez-Fernández V, Garrido-Godino AI, Alonso-Aguado S, Hanes SD, Navarro F, Calvo O. Rpb4/7 facilitates RNA polymerase II CTD dephosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13674-88. [PMID: 25416796 PMCID: PMC4267648 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rpb4 and Rpb7 subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) participate in a variety of processes from transcription, DNA repair, mRNA export and decay, to translation regulation and stress response. However, their mechanism(s) of action remains unclear. Here, we show that the Rpb4/7 heterodimer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a key role in controlling phosphorylation of the carboxy terminal domain (CTD) of the Rpb1 subunit of RNAPII. Proper phosphorylation of the CTD is critical for the synthesis and processing of RNAPII transcripts. Deletion of RPB4, and mutations that disrupt the integrity of Rpb4/7 or its recruitment to the RNAPII complex, increased phosphorylation of Ser2, Ser5, Ser7 and Thr4 within the CTD. RPB4 interacted genetically with genes encoding CTD phosphatases (SSU72, FCP1), CTD kinases (KIN28, CTK1, SRB10) and a prolyl isomerase that targets the CTD (ESS1). We show that Rpb4 is important for Ssu72 and Fcp1 phosphatases association, recruitment and/or accessibility to the CTD, and that this correlates strongly with Ser5P and Ser2P levels, respectively. Our data also suggest that Fcp1 is the Thr4P phosphatase in yeast. Based on these and other results, we suggest a model in which Rpb4/7 helps recruit and potentially stimulate the activity of CTD-modifying enzymes, a role that is central to RNAPII function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Allepuz-Fuster
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Verónica Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Ana I. Garrido-Godino
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso-Aguado
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Steven D. Hanes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Olga Calvo
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
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Yang HC, Chuang JY, Jeng WY, Liu CI, Wang AHJ, Lu PJ, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Pin1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 increases Sp1 stability and decreases its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13573-87. [PMID: 25398907 PMCID: PMC4267622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that Sp1 phosphorylation at Thr739 decreases its DNA-binding activity. In this study, we found that phosphorylation of Sp1 at Thr739 alone is necessary, but not sufficient for the inhibition of its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. We demonstrated that Pin1 could be recruited to the Thr739(p)-Pro motif of Sp1 to modulate the interaction between phospho-Sp1 and CDK1, thereby facilitating CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of Sp1 at Ser720, Thr723 and Thr737 during mitosis. Loss of the C-terminal end of Sp1 (amino acids 741-785) significantly increased Sp1 phosphorylation, implying that the C-terminus inhibits CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation. Binding analysis of Sp1 peptides to Pin1 by isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that Pin1 interacts with Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide but not with Thr739-Sp1 peptide. X-ray crystallography data showed that the Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide occupies the active site of Pin1. Increased Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 during mitosis not only stabilized Sp1 levels by decreasing interaction with ubiquitin E3-ligase RNF4 but also caused Sp1 to move out of the chromosomes completely by decreasing its DNA-binding activity, thereby facilitating cell cycle progression. Thus, Pin1-mediated conformational changes in the C-terminal region of Sp1 are critical for increased CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation to facilitate cell cycle progression during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Che Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Jeng
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Liu
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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30
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Wang JZ, Zhang Y. Configuration-specific immunotherapy targeting cis pThr231-Pro232 tau for Alzheimer disease. J Neurol Sci 2014; 348:253-5. [PMID: 25467137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tau pathology is the main pathological characteristic of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD), and tau-based therapeutic strategies have great implications in the prevention of MCI and AD. The phosphorylation of threonine 231 preceding proline 232 (pThr231-Pro232) triggers tau hyperphosphorylation, tau aggregation, and tau pathology. Interestingly, the pThr231-Pro232 motif may be in a cis or trans configuration, but several recent studies have firstly indicated that cis, but not trans, pThr231-Pro232 tau is a striking therapeutic target for MCI and AD. Cis pThr231-Pro232 tau appears firstly in MCI and accumulates exclusively in the development of AD. Moreover, cis pThr231-Pro232 tau has low affinity to microtubules, high resistance to dephosphorylation and degradation, and a potent tendency to aggregate. On the contrary, trans pThr231-Pro232 tau has normal physiological activity in vivo. Fortunately, Pin1 is the only known isomerase that catalyzes pThr231-Pro232 tau from the neurotoxic cis to nontoxic trans configuration, which prevents MCI and AD. Nonetheless, as we have mentioned before, Pin1 is frequently inactivated under abnormal physiological conditions in vivo. Therefore, it is necessary to clear cis pThr231-Pro232 tau by immunotherapy when Pin1 is insufficient, in order to avoid the occurrence of MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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31
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Abstract
The p53 protein averts tumor formation by preventing the proliferation of damaged cells. The presence of functional p53 is critical for efficient and proper cellular responses to a variety of stress conditions. Interestingly, p63 and p73, which are the homologous ancestors of p53, retain a broader set of activities than their progeny, particularly during early embryonic development. The link of these homologues to cancer and their effect on p53 tumor suppression is only beginning to be unravelled. The tight regulation of p53 is governed by the Mdm2 E3 ligase, but also by at least two other E3 ligases. Recent findings suggest fine-tuning of p53 regulation through changes in the ratio of p53 and Mdm2. This regulation of p53 is modulated by the Mdm2 homologue, Mdmx. Genetic studies reveal the critical role Mdmx plays in p53 regulation, although the mode of action is yet to be fully explored. The relief of p53 from this tight regulation is imperative in order for it to respond to stress signals. An intriguing player in this process is the prolyl isomerase Pin1, which induces a conformational change in p53, and more recently identified, also in p73, in response to DNA damage. This complex network of regulation emerges as a family affair. This wealth of knowledge has been translated into the development of novel anti-cancer strategies based on the p53 status in the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ygal Haupt
- Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Liu T, Schneider RA, Lee NY, Hoyt DG. Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) regulates pulmonary effects of endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-α in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:468-72. [PMID: 25159840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) modulates phospho-signaling by catalyzing rotation of the bond between a phosphorylated serine or threonine before proline in proteins. As depletion of PIN1 increased inflammatory protein expression in cultured endothelial cells treated with bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and interferon-γ, we hypothesized that PIN1 knockout would increase sensitivity to LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. Mortality due to a high dose of LPS (30mg/kg) was greater in knockout than wildtype mice. Lung myeloperoxidase activity, reflecting neutrophils, was increased to a 35% higher level in PIN1 knockout mouse lung, as compared with wildtype, after treatment with a sublethal dose of 3mgLPS/kg, ip. Unexpectedly, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) was approximately 50% less than in wildtype mice. Knockout mice, however, were more sensitive than wildtype to TNF-induced neutrophil accumulation. The neutrophil adhesion molecule, E-selectin, was also elevated in lungs of knockout mice treated with TNF, suggesting that PIN1 depletion increases endothelial sensitivity to TNF. Indeed, TNF induced more reactive oxygen species in cultured endothelial cells depleted of PIN1 with short hairpin RNA than in control cells. Collectively, the results indicate that while PIN1 normally facilitates TNF production in LPS-treated mice, it suppresses pulmonary and endothelial reactions to the cytokine. Tissue or cell-specific effects of PIN1 may affect the overall inflammatory response to LPS and other stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Ryan A Schneider
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA.
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy and The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Dale G Hoyt
- Division of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy and The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Guo C, Hou X, Dong L, Marakovits J, Greasley S, Dagostino E, Ferre R, Johnson MC, Humphries PS, Li H, Paderes GD, Piraino J, Kraynov E, Murray BW. Structure-based design of novel human Pin1 inhibitors (III): optimizing affinity beyond the phosphate recognition pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4187-91. [PMID: 25091930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The design of potent Pin1 inhibitors has been challenging because its active site specifically recognizes a phospho-protein epitope. The de novo design of phosphate-based Pin1 inhibitors focusing on the phosphate recognition pocket and the successful replacement of the phosphate group with a carboxylate have been previously reported. The potency of the carboxylate series is now further improved through structure-based optimization of ligand-protein interactions in the proline binding site which exploits the H-bond interactions necessary for Pin1 catalytic function. Further optimization using a focused library approach led to the discovery of low nanomolar non-phosphate small molecular Pin1 inhibitors. Structural modifications designed to improve cell permeability resulted in Pin1 inhibitors with low micromolar anti-proliferative activities against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Guo
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Xinjun Hou
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liming Dong
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Marakovits
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Samantha Greasley
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eleanor Dagostino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - RoseAnn Ferre
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - M Catherine Johnson
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul S Humphries
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Haitao Li
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Genevieve D Paderes
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Joseph Piraino
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Eugenia Kraynov
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion W Murray
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Yang JW, Hien TT, Lim SC, Jun DW, Choi HS, Yoon JH, Cho IJ, Kang KW. Pin1 induction in the fibrotic liver and its roles in TGF-β1 expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. J Hepatol 2014; 60:1235-41. [PMID: 24530597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Therapeutic management of liver fibrosis remains an unsolved clinical problem. Hepatic accumulation of extracellular matrix, mainly collagen, is mediated by the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in stellate cells. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, plays an important pathophysiological role in several diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Herein, we determined whether Pin1 regulates liver fibrogenesis and examined its mechanism of action by focusing on TGF-β1 signalling and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. METHODS Pin1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot or real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses of human and mouse fibrotic liver samples. The role of Pin1 during HSC activation was estimated using Pin1-null mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells and Pin1-overexpressing LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. RESULTS Pin1 expression was elevated in human and mouse fibrotic liver tissues, and Pin1 inhibition improved dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Pin1 inhibition reduced the mRNA or protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by DMN treatment. Pin1 knockdown suppressed TGFβ1 gene expression in both LX-2 and MEF cells. Pin1-mediated TGFβ1 gene transcription was controlled by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)- and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-mediated activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. Moreover, TGFβ1-stimulated Smad2/3 phosphorylation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression were inhibited by Pin1 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Pin1 induction during liver fibrosis is involved in hepatic stellate cell activation, TGFβ1 expression, and TGFβ1-mediated fibrogenesis signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Thi Hien
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Han Yang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Kim K, Kim G, Kim JY, Yun HJ, Lim SC, Choi HS. Interleukin-22 promotes epithelial cell transformation and breast tumorigenesis via MAP3K8 activation. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1352-61. [PMID: 24517997 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22), one of the cytokines secreted by T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, binds to a class II cytokine receptor containing an IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) and IL-10R2 and influences a variety of immune reactions. IL-22 has also been shown to modulate cell cycle and proliferation mediators such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of IL-22 in tumorigenesis. In this paper, we propose that IL-22 has a crucial role to play in controlling epithelial cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in the breast. IL-22 increased MAP3K8 phosphorylation through IL-22R1, followed by the induction of MEK-ERK, JNK-c-Jun, and STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, IL-22-IL-22R1 signaling pathway activated activator protein-1 and HER2 promoter activity. In addition, Pin1 was identified as a key positive regulator for the phosphorylation-dependent MEK, c-Jun and STAT3 activity induced by IL-22. Pin1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) exhibited significantly a decrease in IL-22-induced MEK1/2, c-Jun, and STAT3 phosphorylation compared with Pin1(+/+) MEF. In addition, a knockdown of Pin1 prevented phosphorylation induced by IL-22. The in vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay also showed that IL-22 increased tumor formation of JB6 Cl41 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of MAP3K8 and Pin1 attenuated tumorigenicity of MCF7 cells. Consistent with these observations, IL-22 levels positively correlate with MAP3K8 and Pin1 expression in human breast cancer. Overall, our findings point to a critical role for the IL-22-induced MAP3K8 signaling pathway in promoting cancer-associated inflammation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Garam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea
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Zhang J, Han XM, Hu WH, Guo ZR, He XB, Si SY. [Application of temperature sensitive yeast models with definite target in the screening of potential human Pin1 inhibitors]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2014; 49:854-860. [PMID: 25212032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study is to explore new lead compounds by inhibition of Pin1 for anticancer therapy using temperature sensitive mutants. As Pin1 is conserved from yeast to human, we established a high-throughput screening method for Pin1 inhibitors, which employed yeast assay. This method led to the identification of one potent hits, 8-11. In vitro, 8-11 inhibited purified Pin1 enzyme activity with IC50 of (10.40 +/- 1.68) micromol x L(-1), induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, showed inhibitory effects on a series of cancer cell proliferation, reduced Cyclin D1 expression, was defined as reciprocally matched for protein-ligand complex in virtual docking analysis and reduced cell migration ability. In vivo, we could observe reduction of tumor volume after treatment with 8-11 in xenograft mice compared with vehicle DMSO treatment. Altogether, these results provide for the first time the involvement of 8-11 in the anticancer activity against Pin1.
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Yun HJ, Kim JY, Kim G, Choi HS. Prolyl-isomerase Pin1 impairs trastuzumab sensitivity by up-regulating fatty acid synthase expression. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:1409-1416. [PMID: 24596388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Clinical trials have shown efficacy of the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which up-regulation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression confers resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of FAS as well as the cytotoxic effects of combinatorial treatment of trastuzumab and juglone was investigated by immunoblotting, BrdU incorporation, TUNEL assay, and soft agar assay. RESULTS Pin1 enhanced EGF-induced SREBP1c promoter activity, resulting in the induction of FAS expression in BT474 cells. In contrast, juglone, a potent Pin1 inhibitor, significantly enhanced trastuzumab-induced FAS down-regulation and cell death in BT474 cells. Furthermore, trastuzumab, when used in combination with gene silencing or chemical inhibition of Pin1, increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation to increase trastuzumab sensitivity. CONCLUSION Pin1-mediated FAS overexpression is a major regulator of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer growth and survival.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism
- Trastuzumab
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759 Korea,
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Wang P, Li XZ, Cui HR, Feng YG, Wang XY. Identification and functional analysis of a novel parvulin-type peptidyl-prolyl isomerase from Gossypium hirsutum. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 76:58-66. [PMID: 24468661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed a variety of adaptive mechanisms to cope with stresses. A novel salt-induced gene was isolated during the screening of a NaCl-induced cDNA library of cotton seedlings. The gene was registered as accession number AY972810 in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the protein encoded by the gene belongs to the parvulin family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases, EC 5.2.1.8). Northern blot analysis indicated that the mRNA accumulation of GhPPI was induced by salt stress. Subcellular localization revealed that GhPPI (Gossypium hirsutum peptidyl-prolyl isomerase) was localized in the nucleus. The purified recombinant GhPPI could accelerate the initial velocity of the cis-trans conversion of peptidyl-prolyl bonds of a tetrapeptide in a GhPPI concentration-dependent manner. Recombinant GhPPI also suppressed protein aggregation under denaturing conditions using Gdn-HCl (guanidine hydrochloride), suggesting an additional chaperone activity. Several amino acid residues in GhPPI were speculated to be involved in substrate binding or catalysis based on molecular modeling and docking results. The activity of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase was affected when the relevant amino acids were mutated. Among the 11 mutants, five amino acids mutations led to the enzyme activities decreased to 30% as that of wild type, and two reduced to approximately 60%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant parvulin PPIase involved in the salt stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Cui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-guang Feng
- Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, Jinan 250300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao S, Dong W, Zhang C, Li Q, Kang L, Lei X, Guo L, Zhai X. [The interference effect of lentiviral mediated shRNA on the expression of Pin 1 in A549 cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:245-249. [PMID: 24606739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a Pin1shRNA lentiviral vector and transfect stably A549 cells. METHODS The peptidyl-proplyl cis-trans isomerase 1(Pin1) gene sequences from GenBank were cloned into the pLenR-GPH-shRNA lentiviral vector. The pLenR-GPH-shRNA and lentivector pakaging plasmid mix were cotransfected into human embryonic kidney cells HEK293T to package lentiviral particles. The virus supernatant was harvested, and then the virus titer was determined by serial dilution assay. The A549 cells were transduced with the constructed lentiviral vectors. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to evaluate the Pin1 expression in different groups. RESULTS Restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing demonstrated that the recombinant plasmid named pLenR-GPH-Pin1shRNA was successfully prepared and had a high titer. qRT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that the significant down-regulation of Pin1 expression in A549 cells. CONCLUSION The lentiviral mediated shRNA can effectively down-regulate the expression of Pin 1 in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, China
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Ibáñez K, Boullosa C, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Baudot A, Valencia A. Molecular evidence for the inverse comorbidity between central nervous system disorders and cancers detected by transcriptomic meta-analyses. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004173. [PMID: 24586201 PMCID: PMC3930576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence that patients with certain Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders have a lower than expected probability of developing some types of Cancer. We tested here the hypothesis that this inverse comorbidity is driven by molecular processes common to CNS disorders and Cancers, and that are deregulated in opposite directions. We conducted transcriptomic meta-analyses of three CNS disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Schizophrenia) and three Cancer types (Lung, Prostate, Colorectal) previously described with inverse comorbidities. A significant overlap was observed between the genes upregulated in CNS disorders and downregulated in Cancers, as well as between the genes downregulated in CNS disorders and upregulated in Cancers. We also observed expression deregulations in opposite directions at the level of pathways. Our analysis points to specific genes and pathways, the upregulation of which could increase the incidence of CNS disorders and simultaneously lower the risk of developing Cancer, while the downregulation of another set of genes and pathways could contribute to a decrease in the incidence of CNS disorders while increasing the Cancer risk. These results reinforce the previously proposed involvement of the PIN1 gene, Wnt and P53 pathways, and reveal potential new candidates, in particular related with protein degradation processes. A lower-than-expected probability of developing certain types of Cancer has been observed in patients with CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or Schizophrenia. Understanding such a protective effect could be the key to finding novel treatments for both types of conditions, for instance thanks to drug repurposing. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms for these intriguing inverse comorbidities. Although environmental causes, drug treatments or lower screening surveys might contribute to the inverse comorbidity between complex disorders, we propose that inverse comorbidity is, at least in part, due to genetic factors. We observe here that a common set of genes and biological processes are deregulated in opposite directions in CNS disorders and Cancers, i.e. upregulated in CNS disorders and downregulated in Cancers, or vice versa. We propose the alluring hypothesis that the deregulation of these genes and processes could promote CNS disorders and simultaneously lower the initiation or progression of Cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ibáñez
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Boullosa
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, I2M, UMR 7373, Marseille, France
- * E-mail: (AB); (AV)
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer, Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AB); (AV)
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Driver JA, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. Regulation of protein conformation by Pin1 offers novel disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer's disease. Discov Med 2014; 17:93-99. [PMID: 24534472 PMCID: PMC4076490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 is a unique enzyme that changes the shape of target proteins by acting on specific amino acids that have been phosphorylated: serine or threonine residues that precede proline. Pin1 catalyzes the flip between two distinct orientations, called cis and trans, around the proline bond. This change in shape has profound effects on protein function and is a major signaling mechanism in the cell. Abnormal regulation of Pin1 has been associated with premature aging and multiple pathological processes, notably cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two major age-related diseases. In AD, Pin1 affects two proteins thought to be key to disease pathology: the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the microtubule-binding protein tau, by switching them from a dysfunctional shape (cis) back to a functional one (trans), which can be distinguished by cis and trans-specific antibodies. In the brains of people with AD, Pin1 is absent or inactivated and cis tau is accumulated at early stages of AD. In the absence of Pin1, APP is processed into toxic beta-amyloid and tau becomes misshapen to form tangles. As a result, Pin1-deficient mice develop age-dependent tau and Aβ pathologies and neuronal degeneration and loss. Thus, regulation of protein conformation by Pin1 has a critical neuroprotective role and offers a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for AD. Notably, antibodies or vaccines specifically against the dysfunctional misshapen tau (while leaving the functional one untouched) may offer early diagnosis and treatment of AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Driver
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0413, Boston, MA 02215
- the Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0413, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, CLS 0413, Boston, MA 02215
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Krishnan N, Titus MA, Thapar R. The prolyl isomerase pin1 regulates mRNA levels of genes with short half-lives by targeting specific RNA binding proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85427. [PMID: 24416409 PMCID: PMC3887067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is over-expressed in several cancer tissues is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer, and Pin1 ablation can suppress tumorigenesis in breast and prostate cancers. Pin1 can co-operate with activated ErbB2 or Ras to enhance tumorigenesis. It does so by regulating the activity of proteins that are essential for gene expression and cell proliferation. Several targets of Pin1 such as c-Myc, the Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-alpha, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p53, RAF kinase and NCOA3 are deregulated in cancer. At the posttranscriptional level, emerging evidence indicates that Pin1 also regulates mRNA decay of histone mRNAs, GM-CSF, Pth, and TGFβ mRNAs by interacting with the histone mRNA specific protein SLBP, and the ARE-binding proteins AUF1 and KSRP, respectively. To understand how Pin1 may affect mRNA abundance on a genome-wide scale in mammalian cells, we used RNAi along with DNA microarrays to identify genes whose abundance is significantly altered in response to a Pin1 knockdown. Functional scoring of differentially expressed genes showed that Pin1 gene targets control cell adhesion, leukocyte migration, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system and DNA replication. Several mRNAs whose abundance was significantly altered by Pin1 knockdown contained AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in their 3' untranslated regions. We identified HuR and AUF1 as Pin1 interacting ARE-binding proteins in vivo. Pin1 was also found to stabilize all core histone mRNAs in this study, thereby validating our results from a previously published study. Statistical analysis suggests that Pin1 may target the decay of essential mRNAs that are inherently unstable and have short to medium half-lives. Thus, this study shows that an important biological role of Pin1 is to regulate mRNA abundance and stability by interacting with specific RNA-binding proteins that may play a role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Krishnan
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roopa Thapar
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Structural Biology, SUNY at Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Takahashi K, Shimizu T, Kosaka K, Hidaka M, Uchida C, Uchida T. Role of prolyl isomerase pin1 in pathogenesis of diseases and remedy for the diseases from natural products. Curr Drug Targets 2014; 15:973-981. [PMID: 25182609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1, the human ortholog of yeast Ess1 specifically isomerizes peptide bindings of pSer/pThr-Pro residues in various proteins, and regulates the expression levels and functions of phosphorylated proteins. Activation of Pin1 is associated with pathology of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, infectious diseases and so on. Therefore, regulatory compounds for Pin1 can be applied as a clinical medicine against these diseases. Many chemists have exerted themselves to synthesize the inhibitors based on the 3D structure of Pin1. We have screened for the inhibitors against Pin1 from the natural products including the functional foods. Here we review the Pin1-associated pathology and the known inhibitors identified from natural products. And we introduce the screening methods targeting Pin1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takafumi Uchida
- Molecular Enzymology, Department of Molecular Cell Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya, Tsutsumidori, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan.
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Jawanjal P, Salhan S, Dhawan I, Tripathi R, Rath G. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1-mediated abrogation of APC-β-catenin interaction in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2014; 55:83-90. [PMID: 24715170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to investigate the importance of Pin1 expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of cervix and to assess its level with β-catenin and APC to understand the possible involvement of Pin1 in the regulation of these proteins and subsequent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of Pin1, β-catenin and APC was examined in 153 SCC patients by immunohistochemistry and revalidated by western blotting. RESULTS Of the 153 SCC analyzed, Pin1 was overexpressed in 73 (47.71%) cases. Loss of membranous β-catenin was noticed in 117 (76.47%) SCCs, whereas 66/153 (43.13%) and 93/153 (60.78%) cases showed its distinct cytoplasmic as well as nuclear accumulation respectively. Down regulation/loss of APC was observed in 69 (45.09%) cases, suggesting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SCCs. Pin1 showed the significant association with nuclear β-catenin (r=.349, p<0.0001) and cytoplasmic loss of APC (r=-.287, p<0.0001). Both Pin1 as well as nuclear β-catenin were found to be associated with tumor stage (p=0.004, p=0.031) and tumor size (p=0.022, p=0.003). The Pin1 overexpression showed the significant association with disease free survival (p=0.002) but not with overall survival (p=0.421) of SCC patients. CONCLUSION Current results explore the expressional relationship between Pin1, β-catenin and APC suggesting that Pin1 regulates the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SCCs via modulating the interaction between β-catenin and APC. Furthermore, the significant association of Pin1 and β-catenin with tumor variables underscores the clinical utility of these proteins in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jawanjal
- Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India; ,
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Rustighi A, Zannini A, Tiberi L, Sommaggio R, Piazza S, Sorrentino G, Nuzzo S, Tuscano A, Eterno V, Benvenuti F, Santarpia L, Aifantis I, Rosato A, Bicciato S, Zambelli A, Del Sal G. Prolyl-isomerase Pin1 controls normal and cancer stem cells of the breast. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 6:99-119. [PMID: 24357640 PMCID: PMC3936488 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue integrity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in both treatment resistance and disease relapse, and the molecular bases of their malignant properties are still poorly understood. Here we show that both normal stem cells and CSCs of the breast are controlled by the prolyl-isomerase Pin1. Mechanistically, following interaction with Pin1, Notch1 and Notch4, key regulators of cell fate, escape from proteasomal degradation by their major ubiquitin-ligase Fbxw7α. Functionally, we show that Fbxw7α acts as an essential negative regulator of breast CSCs' expansion by restraining Notch activity, but the establishment of a Notch/Pin1 active circuitry opposes this effect, thus promoting breast CSCs self-renewal, tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In human breast cancers, despite Fbxw7α expression, high levels of Pin1 sustain Notch signaling, which correlates with poor prognosis. Suppression of Pin1 holds promise in reverting aggressive phenotypes, through CSC exhaustion as well as recovered drug sensitivity carrying relevant implications for therapy of breast cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box Proteins/metabolism
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch4
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rustighi
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Padova e Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCSPadova, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Simona Nuzzo
- Center for Genome Research, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Eterno
- Oncology Department IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriPavia, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
| | - Libero Santarpia
- Translational Research Unit, Istituto Toscano TumoriPrato, Italy
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Padova e Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCSPadova, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Oncology Department IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriPavia, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
- Corresponding author: Tel: +39 040 3756801; Fax +39 040 398990; E-mail:
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Mortenson DE, Kreitler DF, Yun HG, Gellman SH, Forest KT. Evidence for small-molecule-mediated loop stabilization in the structure of the isolated Pin1 WW domain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:2506-12. [PMID: 24311591 PMCID: PMC3852655 DOI: 10.1107/s090744491302444x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human Pin1 WW domain is a small autonomously folding protein that has been useful as a model system for biophysical studies of β-sheet folding. This domain has resisted previous attempts at crystallization for X-ray diffraction studies, perhaps because of intrinsic conformational flexibility that interferes with the formation of a crystal lattice. Here, the crystal structure of the human Pin1 WW domain has been obtained via racemic crystallization in the presence of small-molecule additives. Both enantiomers of a 36-residue variant of the Pin1 WW domain were synthesized chemically, and the L- and D-polypeptides were combined to afford diffracting crystals. The structural data revealed packing interactions of small carboxylic acids, either achiral citrate or a D,L mixture of malic acid, with a mobile loop region of the WW-domain fold. These interactions with solution additives may explain our success in crystallization of this protein racemate. Molecular-dynamics simulations starting from the structure of the Pin1 WW domain suggest that the crystal structure closely resembles the conformation of this domain in solution. The structural data presented here should provide a basis for further studies of this important model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Mortenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dale F. Kreitler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hyun Gi Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel H. Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katrina T. Forest
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Khanal P, Kim G, Lim SC, Yun HJ, Lee KY, Choi HK, Choi HS. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates the stability of SUV39H1 to promote tumorigenesis in breast cancer. FASEB J 2013; 27:4606-18. [PMID: 23934277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pin1, a conserved eukaryotic peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, has profound effects on numerous key-signaling molecules, and its deregulation contributes to disease, particularly cancer. Although Pin1-mediated prolyl isomerization of protein servers as a regulatory switch in signaling pathways, the significance of proline isomerase activity in chromatin modifying complex remains unclear. Here, we identify Pin1 as a key negative regulator for suppressor of variegation 3-9 homologue 1 (SUV39H1) stability, a major methyltransferase responsible for histone H3 trimethylation on Lys9 (H3K9me3). Pin1 interacts with SUV39H1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner and promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of SUV39H1. Consequently, Pin1 reduces SUV39H1 abundance and suppresses SUV39H1 ability to induce H3K9me3. In contrast, depletion of Pin1 in cancer cells leads to elevated SUV39H1 expression, which subsequently increases H3K9me3, inhibiting tumorigenecity of cancer cells. In a xenograft model with 4T1 metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cells, Pin1 overexpression increases tumor growth, whereas SUV39H1 overexpression abrogates it. In human breast cancer patients, immunohistochemical staining shows that Pin1 levels are negatively correlated with SUV39H1 as well as H3K9me3 levels. Thus, Pin1-mediated reduction of SUV39H1 stability contributes to convey oncogenic signals for aggressiveness of human breast cancer, suggesting that Pin1 may be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Khanal
- 2College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, South Korea.
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Tian Y, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang Y. [Expression of pin1 in endometrial carcinoma and its relation with PR]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2013; 33:1403-1406. [PMID: 24067230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinicopathologic significance of pin1 and PR in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS The expression of pin1 and PR were investigated by immunohistochemistry in a total of 50 endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens. RESULTS Pin1 was over expressed in 66% (33/50) of the cases. The expression rate decreased gradually with tumor differentiation(P<0.05). In addition, pin1 expression was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis and invasive depth of myometrium. Moreover, pin1 was positively correlated with PR expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that pin1 may play important roles in the tumorigenesis and migration of endometrial cancer. Pin1 expression may be considered as a prognostic marker as PR in patients with endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, 410078, China.E-mail:
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Zhenzhen L, Ning S, Xianghua L. Association of rs2233678 and rs2233679 polymorphisms in the PIN1 gene with cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:433-40. [PMID: 23982872 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To data, epidemiological studies have assessed the association between peptidyl-propyl-cis/trans isomerase 1 (PIN1) gene polymorphisms and cancer risk, including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and laryngeal squamous cell cancer. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. We aimed to examine the associations between two SNPs (rs2233678 and rs2233679) of PIN1 gene and cancer risk by conducting a meta-analysis of case-control studies. A total of seven publications were included in this meta-analysis for both rs2233678 and rs2233679. Overall, rs2233678 polymorphism was found to be associated with decreased cancer risk in four genetic models (C-allele vs. G-allele: odd ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.88; CC vs. GG: OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36-0.84; CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.90; CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.38-0.89). However, the rs2233679 polymorphism of PIN1 gene did not appear to have an influence on caner susceptibility. In the subgroup analysis by cancer type, we observed that the PIN1 rs2233678 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased breast cancer risk (C-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60-0.89; CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.89). Further subgroup analyses showed that the PIN1 rs2233678 polymorphism was associated with decreased cancer risk among Asian people (C-allele vs. G-allele: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51-0.79; CC vs. GG: OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25-0.80; CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.79; CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.86). In conclusion, PIN1 rs2233678 polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for cancer risk among Asians, especially for breast cancer. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhenzhen
- The Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China,
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50
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Xu HR, Xu ZF, Sun YL, Han JJ, Li ZJ. The -842G/C polymorphisms of PIN1 contributes to cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 10 case-control studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71516. [PMID: 24013949 PMCID: PMC3754937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) plays an important role in cancer development. The relationship between PIN1 -842G/C (rs2233678) polymorphism and cancer risk was inconclusive according to published literature. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A literature search, up to February 2013, was carried out using PubMed, EMBASE and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. A total of 10 case-control studies including 4619 cases and 4661 controls contributed to the quantitative analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the strength of association. Overall, individuals with the variant CG (OR = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.585,0.906; Pheterogeneity<0.01) and CG/CC (OR = 0.731, 95% CI: 0.602,0.888; Pheterogeneity<0.01) genotypes were associated with a significantly reduced cancer risk compared with those with wild GG genotype. Sub-group analysis revealed that the variant CG (OR = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.548,0.735; Pheterogeneity = 0.240) and CG/CC (OR = 0.645, 95% CI: 0.559,0.744, Pheterogeneity = 0.258) genotypes still showed an reduced risk of cancer in Asians; while no significant association was observed in Caucasians (CG vs.GG: OR = 0.926, 95% CI: 0.572,1.499, Pheterogeneity<0.01; CG/CC vs. GG: OR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.589,1.353; Pheterogeneity<0.01). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test did not reveal any publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the PIN1 -842G/C polymorphism is associated with a significantly reduced risk of cancer, especially in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Rong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong-Fa Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Lai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zeng-Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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