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Sharma A, Ren X, Rosato A, Sangiolo D, Wang Z, Tettamanti S, Zhang Y, Rettinger E, Fenix KA, Sommaggio R, Cappuzzello E, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, successes and challenges: report on the first international conference dedicated to the clinical translation of this unique adoptive cell immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:21. [PMID: 38279995 PMCID: PMC10821962 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
On August 30, 2023, experts from Germany and abroad met to discuss the successes and challenges of cytokine-induced killer cell (CIK) therapy, that recently celebrated its 30th anniversary providing treatment for cancer. This first virtual conference was hosted by CIO Bonn, a certified Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) funded by German Cancer Aid (DKH). In addition to keynote speakers involved in CIK cell clinical trials or optimized preclinical models to improve this adoptive cell immunotherapy, more than 100 attendees from around the world also participated in this event. Initiatives to establish the International Society of CIK Cells (ISCC) and a stronger CIK cell network guiding preclinical research and future clinical trials were also announced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Zibing Wang
- Immunotherapy Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sarah Tettamanti
- Tettamanti Center, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Eva Rettinger
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Aaron Fenix
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Cappuzzello E, Vigolo E, D’Accardio G, Astori G, Rosato A, Sommaggio R. How can Cytokine-induced killer cells overcome CAR-T cell limits. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229540. [PMID: 37675107 PMCID: PMC10477668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of patients affected by B-cell malignancies with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells represented a breakthrough in the field of adoptive cell therapy (ACT). However, CAR-T therapy is not an option for every patient, and several needs remain unmet. In particular, the production of CAR-T cells is expensive, labor-intensive and logistically challenging; additionally, the toxicities deriving from CAR-T cells infusion, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), have been documented extensively. Alternative cellular therapy products such as Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have the potential to overcome some of these obstacles. CIK cells are a heterogeneous population of polyclonal CD3+CD56+ T cells with phenotypic and functional properties of NK cells. CIK cell cytotoxicity is exerted in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner through the engagement of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) molecules, against a wide range of hematological and solid tumors without the need for prior antigen exposure or priming. The foremost potential of CIK cells lies in the very limited ability to induce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) reactions in the allogeneic setting. CIK cells are produced with a simple and extremely efficient expansion protocol, which leads to a massive expansion of effector cells and requires a lower financial commitment compared to CAR-T cells. Indeed, CAR-T manufacturing involves the engineering with expensive GMP-grade viral vectors in centralized manufacturing facilities, whereas CIK cell production is successfully performed in local academic GMP facilities, and CIK cell treatment is now licensed in many countries. Moreover, the toxicities observed for CAR-T cells are not present in CIK cell-treated patients, thus further reducing the costs associated with hospitalization and post-infusion monitoring of patients, and ultimately encouraging the delivery of cell therapies in the outpatient setting. This review aims to give an overview of the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy and outline how the use of CIK cells could overcome such drawbacks thanks to their unique features. We highlight the undeniable advantages of using CIK cells as a therapeutic product, underlying the opportunity for further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Emilia Vigolo
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia D’Accardio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Dalla Pietà A, Cappuzzello E, Palmerini P, Ventura A, Visentin A, Astori G, Chieregato K, Mozzo V, Perbellini O, Tisi MC, Trentin L, Visco C, Ruggeri M, Sommaggio R, Rosato A. Innovative therapeutic strategy for B-cell malignancies that combines obinutuzumab and cytokine-induced killer cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002475. [PMID: 34272306 PMCID: PMC8287629 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients affected by aggressive B-cell malignancies who are resistant to primary or salvage chemoimmunotherapy have an extremely poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Promising therapeutic success has been achieved with the infusion of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, but several limits still restrain the administration to a limited proportion of patients. This unmet clinical need might be fulfilled by an adoptive immunotherapy approach that combines cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the CD20 antigen. Indeed, CIK cells are an effector population endowed with antitumor activity, which can be further improved and antigen-specifically redirected by clinical-grade mAb triggering antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Methods CIK cells were generated from peripheral blood of patients affected by different B-cell malignancies using a blinatumomab-based cell culture protocol. Effector cells were combined with the anti-CD20 mAb obinutuzumab and their therapeutic activity was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Results CIK cells were successfully expanded in clinically relevant numbers, starting from small volumes of peripheral blood with extremely low CD3+ counts and high tumor burden. This relied on the addition of blinatumumab in culture, which leads to the simultaneous expansion of effector cells and the complete elimination of the neoplastic component. Moreover, CIK cells were highly cytotoxic in vitro against both B-cell tumor cell lines and autologous neoplastic targets, and had a significant therapeutic efficacy against a B-cell malignancy patient-derived xenograft on in vivo transfer. Conclusions The combination of an easily expandable CIK cell effector population with a mAb already in clinical use establishes a tumor antigen-specific redirection strategy that can be rapidly translated into clinical practice, providing an effective therapeutic alternative for B-cell malignancies without any need for genetic modifications. Additionally, the approach can be potentially applied to an extremely vast array of different tumors by simply substituting the targeting mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dalla Pietà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Pierangela Palmerini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Annavera Ventura
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital of Vicenza, Vicenza, Italy.,Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS) of Veneto Region, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Omar Perbellini
- Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padova, Italy .,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Capaci V, Bascetta L, Fantuz M, Beznoussenko GV, Sommaggio R, Cancila V, Bisso A, Campaner E, Mironov AA, Wiśniewski JR, Ulloa Severino L, Scaini D, Bossi F, Lees J, Alon N, Brunga L, Malkin D, Piazza S, Collavin L, Rosato A, Bicciato S, Tripodo C, Mantovani F, Del Sal G. Mutant p53 induces Golgi tubulo-vesiculation driving a prometastatic secretome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3945. [PMID: 32770028 PMCID: PMC7414119 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 missense mutations leading to the expression of mutant p53 oncoproteins are frequent driver events during tumorigenesis. p53 mutants promote tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance by affecting fundamental cellular pathways and functions. Here, we demonstrate that p53 mutants modify structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, culminating in the increased release of a pro-malignant secretome by tumor cells and primary fibroblasts from patients with Li-Fraumeni cancer predisposition syndrome. Mechanistically, interacting with the hypoxia responsive factor HIF1α, mutant p53 induces the expression of miR-30d, which in turn causes tubulo-vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus, leading to enhanced vesicular trafficking and secretion. The mut-p53/HIF1α/miR-30d axis potentiates the release of soluble factors and the deposition and remodeling of the ECM, affecting mechano-signaling and stromal cells activation within the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing tumor growth and metastatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Capaci
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bascetta
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34146, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Fantuz
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34146, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, School of Medicine, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bisso
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Campaner
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 85152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luisa Ulloa Severino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Scaini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34146, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fleur Bossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jodi Lees
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noa Alon
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Licio Collavin
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, School of Medicine, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fiamma Mantovani
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy.
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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5
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Palmerini P, Dalla Pietà A, Sommaggio R, Ventura A, Astori G, Chieregato K, Tisi MC, Visco C, Perbellini O, Ruggeri M, Cappuzzello E, Rosato A. A serum-free protocol for the ex vivo expansion of Cytokine-Induced Killer cells using gas-permeable static culture flasks. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:511-518. [PMID: 32631696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine-Induced (CIK) cells represent an attractive approach for cell-based immunotherapy, as they show several advantages compared with other strategies. Here we describe an original serum-free protocol for CIK cell expansion that employs G-Rex devices and compare the resulting growth, viability, phenotypic profile and cytotoxic activity with conventional culture in tissue flasks. CIK cells were obtained from buffy coats, seeded in parallel in G-Rex and tissue flasks, and stimulated with clinical-grade IFN-γ, anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2. G-Rex led to large numbers of CIK cells, with a minimal need for technical interventions, thus reducing the time and costs of culture manipulation. CIK cells generated in G-Rex showed a less differentiated phenotype, with a significantly higher expression of naive-associated markers such as CD62L, CD45RA and CCR7, which correlates with a remarkable expansion potential in culture and could lead to longer persistence and a more sustained anti-tumor response in vivo. The described procedure can be easily translated to large-scale production under Good Manufacturing Practice. Overall, this protocol has strong advantages over existing procedures, as it allows easier, time-saving and cost-effective production of CIK effector cells, fostering their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierangela Palmerini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Dalla Pietà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Annavera Ventura
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Katia Chieregato
- Advanced Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Vicenza Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Visco
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ruggeri
- Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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6
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Sommaggio R, Cappuzzello E, Dalla Pietà A, Tosi A, Palmerini P, Carpanese D, Nicolè L, Rosato A. Adoptive cell therapy of triple negative breast cancer with redirected cytokine-induced killer cells. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1777046. [PMID: 32923140 PMCID: PMC7458615 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1777046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cells share several functional and phenotypical properties of both T and natural killer (NK) cells. They represent an attractive approach for cell-based immunotherapy, as they do not require antigen-specific priming for tumor cell recognition, and can be rapidly expanded in vitro. Their relevant expression of FcγRIIIa (CD16a) can be exploited in combination with clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to redirect their lytic activity in an antigen-specific manner. Here, we report the efficacy of this combined approach against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive tumor that still requires therapeutic options. Different primitive and metastatic TNBC cancer mouse models were established in NSG mice, either by implanting patient-derived TNBC samples or injecting MDA-MB-231 cells orthotopically or intravenously. The combined treatment consisted in the repeated intratumoral or intravenous injection of CIK cells and cetuximab. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored by bioluminescence or immunohistochemistry, and survival was recorded. CIK cells plus cetuximab significantly restrained primitive tumor growth in mice, either in patient-derived tumor xenografts or MDA-MB-231 cell line models. Moreover, this approach almost completely abolished metastasis spreading and dramatically improved survival. The antigen-specific mAb favored tumor and metastasis tissue infiltration by CIK cells, and led to an enrichment of the CD16a+ subset. Data highlight the potentiality of this novel immunotherapy strategy where a nonspecific cytotoxic cell population can be converted into tumor-specific effectors with clinical-grade antibodies, thus providing not only a therapeutic option for TNBC but also a valid alternative to more complex approaches based on chimeric antigen receptor-engineered cells. List of abbreviations ACT, Adoptive Cell Transfer; ADCC, Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity; ADP, Adenosine diphosphate; BLI, Bioluminescence Imaging; CAR, Chimeric Antigen Receptor; CIK, Cytokine Induced Killer cells; CTX, Cetuximab; DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; EGFR, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 1; ER, Estrogen; FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum; FFPE, Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded; GMP, Good Manufacturing Practices; GVHD, Graft Versus Host Disease; HER2, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2; HRP, Horseradish Peroxidase; IFN-γ, Interferon-γ; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; IL-2, Interleukin-2; ISO, Irrelevant antibody; i.t., intratumoral; i.v., intravenous, mAbs, Monoclonal Antibodies; mIHC, Multiplex Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry; MHC, Major Histocompatibility Complex; NK, Natural Killer; NKG2D, Natural-Killer group 2 member D; NSG, NOD/SCID common γ chain knockout; PARP, Poly ADP-ribose polymerase; PBMCs, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells; PBS, Phosphate-buffered saline; PDX, Patient-derived xenograft; PR, Progesterone; rhIFN-γ, Recombinant Human Interferon-γ; RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute; STR, Short tandem Repeat; TCR, T Cell Receptor; TNBC, Triple Negative Breast Cancer; TSA, Tyramide Signal Amplification
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Dalla Pietà
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierangela Palmerini
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Nicolè
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Immunology and Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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7
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Cappuzzello E, Pietà AD, Palmerini P, Sommaggio R, Astori G, Chieregato K, Perbellini O, Tisi M, Visco C, Ruggeri M, Rosato A. Adoptive cell therapy of hematological malignancies using cytokine-induced killer cells retargeted with monoclonal antibodies. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Palmerini P, Cappuzzello E, Pietà AD, Sommaggio R, Astori G, Chieregato K, Perbellini O, Tisi M, Visco C, Ruggeri M, Rosato A. Optimization of a gmp-grade large-scale expansion protocol for cytokine-induced killer cells using gas-permeable static culture flasks. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.03.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Cappuzzello E, Sommaggio R, Kellner C, Peipp M, Rosato A. Enhancing Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cell activity with Her2-specific Fc-engineered antibodies and antibody derivatives. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sommaggio R, Cappuzzello E, Rosato A. Cytokine-Induced Killer cells combined with anti EGFR monoclonal antibody abrogate triple negative breast cancer metastatization. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biscaglia F, Rajendran S, Conflitti P, Benna C, Sommaggio R, Litti L, Mocellin S, Bocchinfuso G, Rosato A, Palleschi A, Nitti D, Gobbo M, Meneghetti M. Enhanced EGFR Targeting Activity of Plasmonic Nanostructures with Engineered GE11 Peptide. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28945012 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures show important properties for biotechnological applications, but they have to be guided on the target for exploiting their potentialities. Antibodies are the natural molecules for targeting. However, their possible adverse immunogenic activity and their cost have suggested finding other valid substitutes. Small molecules like peptides can be an alternative source of targeting agents, even if, as single molecules, their binding affinity is usually not very good. GE11 is a small dodecapeptide with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and low immunogenicity. The present work shows that thousands of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains modified with lysines and functionalized with GE11 on clusters of naked gold nanoparticles, obtained by laser ablation in water, achieves a better targeting activity than that recorded with nanoparticles decorated with the specific anti-EGFR antibody Cetuximab (C225). The insertion of the cationic spacer between the polymeric part of the ligand and the targeting peptide allows for a proper presentation of GE11 on the surface of the nanosystems. Surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering signals of the plasmonic gold nanoparticles are used for quantifying the targeting activity. Molecular dynamic calculations suggest that subtle differences in the exposition of the peptide on the PEG sea are important for the targeting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Senthilkumar Rajendran
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
| | - Paolo Conflitti
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Technologies; University of Roma Tor Vergata and CSGI; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
| | - Lucio Litti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS; Via Gattamelata, 64 35128 Padova Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bocchinfuso
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Technologies; University of Roma Tor Vergata and CSGI; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS; Via Gattamelata, 64 35128 Padova Italy
| | - Antonio Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences & Technologies; University of Roma Tor Vergata and CSGI; Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology; University of Padova; Via Giustiniani, 2 35124 Padova Italy
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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12
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Cappuzzello E, Sommaggio R, Zanovello P, Rosato A. Cytokines for the induction of antitumor effectors: The paradigm of Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017. [PMID: 28629761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine-Induced killer (CIK) cells are raising growing interest in cellular antitumor therapy, as they can be easily expanded with a straightforward and inexpensive protocol, and are safe requiring only GMP-grade cytokines to obtain very high amounts of cytotoxic cells. CIK cells do not need antigen-specific stimuli to be activated and proliferate, as they recognize and destroy tumor cells in an HLA-independent fashion through the engagement of NKG2D. In several preclinical studies and clinical trials, CIK cells showed a reduced alloreactivity compared to conventional T cells, even when challenged across HLA-barriers; only in a few patients, a mild GVHD occurred after treatment with allogeneic CIK cells. Additionally, their antitumor activity can be redirected and further improved with chimeric antigen receptors, clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors. The evidence obtained from a growing body of literature support CIK cells as a very promising cell population for adoptive immunotherapy. In this review, all these aspects will be addressed with a particular emphasis on the role of the cytokines involved in CIK cell generation, expansion and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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13
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Tosi A, Dalla Santa S, Cappuzzello E, Marotta C, Walerych D, Del Sal G, Zanovello P, Sommaggio R, Rosato A. Identification of a HLA-A*0201-restricted immunogenic epitope from the universal tumor antigen DEPDC1. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1313371. [PMID: 28919988 PMCID: PMC5593712 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1313371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of universal tumor-specific antigens shared between multiple patients and/or multiple tumors is of great importance to overcome the practical limitations of personalized cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies support the involvement of DEPDC1 in many aspects of cancer traits, such as cell proliferation, resistance to induction of apoptosis and cell invasion, suggesting that it may play key roles in the oncogenic process. In this study, we report that DEPDC1 expression is upregulated in most types of human tumors, and closely linked to a poorer prognosis; therefore, it might be regarded as a novel universal oncoantigen potentially suitable for targeting many different cancers. In this regard, we report the identification of a HLA-A*0201 allele-restricted immunogenic DEPDC1-derived epitope, which is able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) exerting a strong and specific functional response in vitro toward not only peptide-loaded cells but also triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells endogenously expressing the DEPDC1 protein. Such CTL are also therapeutically active against human TNBC xenografts in vivo upon adoptive transfer in immunodeficient mice. Overall, these data provide evidence that this DEPDC1-derived antigenic epitope can be exploited as a new tool for developing immunotherapeutic strategies for HLA-A*0201 patients with TNBC, and potentially many other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB (LNCIB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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14
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Turrini R, Merlo A, Martorelli D, Faè DA, Sommaggio R, Montagner IM, Barbieri V, Marin O, Zanovello P, Dolcetti R, Rosato A. A BARF1-specific mAb as a new immunotherapeutic tool for the management of EBV-related tumors. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1304338. [PMID: 28507812 PMCID: PMC5414862 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies is acquiring an increasing clinical importance, thanks to their specificity, efficacy and relative easiness of use. However, in the context of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancies, only cancers of B-cell origin can benefit from therapeutic mAb targeting specific B-cell lineage antigens. To overcome this limitation, we generated a new mAb specific for BARF1, an EBV-encoded protein with transforming and immune-modulating properties. BARF1 is expressed as a latent protein in nasopharyngeal (NPC) and gastric carcinoma (GC), and also in neoplastic B cells mainly upon lytic cycle induction, thus representing a potential target for all EBV-related malignancies. Considering that BARF1 is largely but not exclusively secreted, the BARF1 mAb was selected on the basis of its ability to bind a domain of the protein retained at the cell surface of tumor cells. In vitro, the newly generated mAb recognized the target molecule in its native conformation, and was highly effective in mediating both ADCC and CDC against BARF1-positive tumor cells. In vivo, biodistribution analysis in mice engrafted with BARF1-positive and -negative tumor cells confirmed its high specificity for the target. More importantly, the mAb disclosed a relevant antitumor potential in preclinical models of NPC and lymphoma, as evaluated in terms of both reduction of tumor masses and long-term survival. Taken together, these data not only confirm BARF1 as a promising target for immunotherapeutic interventions, but also pave the way for a successful translation of this new mAb to the clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turrini
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Merlo
- Department of Immunology and Blood Transfusions, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Damiana Antonia Faè
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Oriano Marin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, PN, Italy.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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15
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Sommaggio R, Uribe-Herranz M, Marquina M, Costa C, Costa C. Xenotransplantation of pig chondrocytes: therapeutic potential and barriers for cartilage repair. Eur Cell Mater 2016; 32:24-39. [PMID: 27377665 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v032a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation may be the best option for the repair of many cartilage lesions including early osteoarthritis. Currently, autologous and allogeneic chondrocytes are grafted into cartilage defects to treat selected patients with moderate clinical success. However, their limited use justifies exploring novel therapies for cartilage repair. Xenotransplantation could become a solution by offering high cell availability, quality and genetic engineering capabilities. The rejection process of xenogeneic cartilage is thus being elucidated in order to develop counteractive strategies. Initial studies determined that pig cartilage xenografts are rejected by a slow process comprising humoral and cellular responses in which the galactose α1,3-galactose antigen participates. Since then, our group has identified key mechanisms of the human response to pig chondrocytes (PCs). In particular, human antibody and complement contribute to PC rejection by inducing a pro-inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, PCs express and up-regulate molecules which are functionally relevant for a variety of cellular immune responses (SLA-I, the potent co-stimulatory molecule CD86, and adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1). These participate by triggering a T cell response, as well as supporting a prominent role of the innate immune responses led by natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes/macrophages. Human NK cells lyse PCs by using selected NK activating receptors, whereas human monocytes are activated by PCs to secrete cytokines and chemokines. All this knowledge sets the bases for the development of genetic engineering approaches designed to avert rejection of xenogeneic chondrocytes and leads the way to developing new clinical applications for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sommaggio
- IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona,
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16
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Cappuzzello E, Tosi A, Zanovello P, Sommaggio R, Rosato A. Retargeting cytokine-induced killer cell activity by CD16 engagement with clinical-grade antibodies. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1199311. [PMID: 27622068 PMCID: PMC5007963 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1199311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced Killer (CIK) cells are a heterogeneous population of ex vivo expanded T lymphocytes capable of MHC-unrestricted antitumor activity, which share phenotypic and functional features with both NK and T cells. Preclinical data and initial clinical studies demonstrated their high tolerability in vivo, supporting CIK cells as a promising cell population for adoptive cell immunotherapy. In this study, we report for the first time that CIK cells display a donor-dependent expression of CD16, which can be engaged by trastuzumab or cetuximab to exert a potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, leading to an increased lytic activity in vitro, and an enhanced therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Thus, an efficient tumor antigen-specific retargeting can be achieved by a combination therapy with clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies already widely used in cancer therapy, and CIK cell populations that are easily expandable in very large numbers, inexpensive, safe and do not require genetic manipulations. Overall, these data provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Her2 and EGFR expressing tumors by adoptive cell therapy, which could find wide implementation and application, and could also be expanded to the use of additional therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cappuzzello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Zanovello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova , Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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17
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Walerych D, Lisek K, Sommaggio R, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Dalla E, Rajkowska K, Gaweda-Walerych K, Ingallina E, Tonelli C, Morelli MJ, Amato A, Eterno V, Zambelli A, Rosato A, Amati B, Wiśniewski JR, Del Sal G. Proteasome machinery is instrumental in a common gain-of-function program of the p53 missense mutants in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:897-909. [PMID: 27347849 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the tumour suppressor gene TP53 undergoes frequent missense mutations that endow mutant p53 proteins with oncogenic properties. Until now, a universal mutant p53 gain-of-function program has not been defined. By means of multi-omics: proteome, DNA interactome (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) and transcriptome (RNA sequencing/microarray) analyses, we identified the proteasome machinery as a common target of p53 missense mutants. The mutant p53-proteasome axis globally affects protein homeostasis, inhibiting multiple tumour-suppressive pathways, including the anti-oncogenic KSRP-microRNA pathway. In cancer cells, p53 missense mutants cooperate with Nrf2 (NFE2L2) to activate proteasome gene transcription, resulting in resistance to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Combining the mutant p53-inactivating agent APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET) with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib is effective in overcoming chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells, creating a therapeutic opportunity for treatment of solid tumours and metastasis with mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Kamil Lisek
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02106, Poland
| | - Eleonora Ingallina
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Claudia Tonelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angela Amato
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Eterno
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried D82152, Germany
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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18
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Tosatto A, Sommaggio R, Kummerow C, Bentham RB, Blacker TS, Berecz T, Duchen MR, Rosato A, Bogeski I, Szabadkai G, Rizzuto R, Mammucari C. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter regulates breast cancer progression via HIF-1α. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:569-85. [PMID: 27138568 PMCID: PMC4864890 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive breast tumor subtype. However, the molecular determinants responsible for the metastatic TNBC phenotype are only partially understood. We here show that expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), the selective channel responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, correlates with tumor size and lymph node infiltration, suggesting that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake might be instrumental for tumor growth and metastatic formation. Accordingly, MCU downregulation hampered cell motility and invasiveness and reduced tumor growth, lymph node infiltration, and lung metastasis in TNBC xenografts. In MCU‐silenced cells, production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) is blunted and expression of the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is reduced, suggesting a signaling role for mROS and HIF‐1α, downstream of mitochondrial Ca2+. Finally, in breast cancer mRNA samples, a positive correlation of MCU expression with HIF‐1α signaling route is present. Our results indicate that MCU plays a central role in TNBC growth and metastasis formation and suggest that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is a potential novel therapeutic target for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tosatto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carsten Kummerow
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Robert B Bentham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas S Blacker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tunde Berecz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy CNR Institute of Neuroscience, National Council of Research, Padua, Italy
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19
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Sommaggio R, Bello-Gil D, Pérez-Cruz M, Brokaw JL, Máñez R, Costa C, Costa C. Genetic engineering strategies to prevent the effects of antibody and complement on xenogeneic chondrocytes. Eur Cell Mater 2015; 30:258-70. [PMID: 26579969 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v030a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in animal transgenesis may allow using xenogeneic chondrocytes in tissue-engineering applications for clinical cartilage repair. Porcine cartilage is rejected by humoral and cellular mechanisms that could be overcome by identifying key molecules triggering rejection and developing effective genetic-engineering strategies. Accordingly, high expression of α1,2-fucosyltransferase (HT) in xenogeneic cartilage protects from galactose α1,3-galactose (Gal)-mediated antibody responses. Now, we studied whether expression of a complement inhibitor provides further protection. First, porcine articular chondrocytes (PAC) were isolated from non-transgenic, single and double transgenic pigs expressing HT and moderate levels of human CD59 (hCD59) and their response to human serum was assessed. High recombinant expression of human complement regulatory molecules hCD59 and hDAF was also attained by retroviral transduction of PAC for further analyses. Complement activation on PAC after exposure to 20 % human serum for 24 hours mainly triggered the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. Transgenic expression of HT and hCD59 did not suffice to fully counteract this effect. Nevertheless, the combination of blocking anti-Gal antibodies (or C5a) and high hCD59 levels conferred very high protection. On the contrary, high hDAF expression attained the most dramatic reduction in IL-6/IL-8 secretion by a single strategy, but the additional inhibition of anti-Gal antibodies or C5a did not provide further improvement. Notably, we demonstrate that both hCD59 and hDAF inhibit anaphylatoxin release in this setting. In conclusion, our study identifies genetic-engineering approaches to prevent humoral rejection of xenogeneic chondrocytes for use in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sommaggio
- IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona,
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20
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Di Minin G, Bellazzo A, Dal Ferro M, Chiaruttini G, Nuzzo S, Bicciato S, Piazza S, Rami D, Bulla R, Sommaggio R, Rosato A, Del Sal G, Collavin L. Mutant p53 reprograms TNF signaling in cancer cells through interaction with the tumor suppressor DAB2IP. Mol Cell 2014; 56:617-29. [PMID: 25454946 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a significant factor in cancer development, and a molecular understanding of the parameters dictating the impact of inflammation on cancers could significantly improve treatment. The tumor suppressor p53 is frequently mutated in cancer, and p53 missense mutants (mutp53) can acquire oncogenic properties. We report that cancer cells with mutp53 respond to inflammatory cytokines increasing their invasive behavior. Notably, this action is coupled to expression of chemokines that can expose the tumor to host immunity, potentially affecting response to therapy. Mechanistically, mutp53 fuels NF-κB activation while it dampens activation of ASK1/JNK by TNFα, and this action depends on mutp53 binding and inhibiting the tumor suppressor DAB2IP in the cytoplasm. Interfering with such interaction reduced aggressiveness of cancer cells in xenografts. This interaction is an unexplored mechanism by which mutant p53 can influence tumor evolution, with implications for our understanding of the complex role of inflammation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Di Minin
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellazzo
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Ferro
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiaruttini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Nuzzo
- Center for Genome Research, Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Damiano Rami
- Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Dip. Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dip. Scienze Chirurgiche Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Licio Collavin
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Dip. Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Pegoraro S, Ros G, Piazza S, Sommaggio R, Ciani Y, Rosato A, Sgarra R, Del Sal G, Manfioletti G. HMGA1 promotes metastatic processes in basal-like breast cancer regulating EMT and stemness. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1293-308. [PMID: 23945276 PMCID: PMC3787158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that progresses to the critical hallmark of metastasis. In the present study, we show that the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) protein plays a fundamental role in this process in basal-like breast cancer subtype. HMGA1 knockdown induces the mesenchymal to epithelial transition and dramatically decreases stemness and self-renewal. Notably, HMGA1 depletion in basal-like breast cancer cell lines reduced migration and invasion in vitro and the formation of metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, HMGA1 activated stemness and key migration-associated genes which were linked to the Wnt/beta-catenin, Notch and Pin1/mutant p53 signalling pathways. Moreover, we identified a specific HMGA1 gene expression signature that was activated in a large subset of human primary breast tumours and was associated with poor prognosis. Taken together, these data provide new insights into the role of HMGA1 in the acquisition of aggressive features in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Rustighi A, Zannini A, Tiberi L, Sommaggio R, Piazza S, Sorrentino G, Nuzzo S, Tuscano A, Eterno V, Benvenuti F, Santarpia L, Aifantis I, Rosato A, Bicciato S, Zambelli A, Del Sal G. Prolyl-isomerase Pin1 controls normal and cancer stem cells of the breast. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 6:99-119. [PMID: 24357640 PMCID: PMC3936488 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201302909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary epithelial stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue integrity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in both treatment resistance and disease relapse, and the molecular bases of their malignant properties are still poorly understood. Here we show that both normal stem cells and CSCs of the breast are controlled by the prolyl-isomerase Pin1. Mechanistically, following interaction with Pin1, Notch1 and Notch4, key regulators of cell fate, escape from proteasomal degradation by their major ubiquitin-ligase Fbxw7α. Functionally, we show that Fbxw7α acts as an essential negative regulator of breast CSCs' expansion by restraining Notch activity, but the establishment of a Notch/Pin1 active circuitry opposes this effect, thus promoting breast CSCs self-renewal, tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. In human breast cancers, despite Fbxw7α expression, high levels of Pin1 sustain Notch signaling, which correlates with poor prognosis. Suppression of Pin1 holds promise in reverting aggressive phenotypes, through CSC exhaustion as well as recovered drug sensitivity carrying relevant implications for therapy of breast cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- F-Box Proteins/genetics
- F-Box Proteins/metabolism
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch4
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rustighi
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zannini
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Padova e Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCSPadova, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
| | - Simona Nuzzo
- Center for Genome Research, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Eterno
- Oncology Department IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriPavia, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
| | - Libero Santarpia
- Translational Research Unit, Istituto Toscano TumoriPrato, Italy
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of MedicineNew York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Padova e Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCSPadova, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio EmiliaModena, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Oncology Department IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore MaugeriPavia, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB (LNCIB), Area Science ParkTrieste, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di TriesteTrieste, Italy
- Corresponding author: Tel: +39 040 3756801; Fax +39 040 398990; E-mail:
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Sommaggio R, Pérez-Cruz M, Brokaw JL, Máñez R, Costa C. Inhibition of complement component C5 protects porcine chondrocytes from xenogeneic rejection. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1958-67. [PMID: 24041966 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue-based xenografts such as cartilage are rejected within weeks by humoral and cellular mechanisms that preclude its clinical application in regenerative medicine. The problem could be overcome by identifying key molecules triggering rejection and the development of genetic-engineering strategies to counteract them. Accordingly, high expression of α1,2-fucosyltransferase (HT) in xenogeneic cartilage reduces the galactose α1,3-galactose (Gal) antigen and delays rejection. Yet, the role of complement activation in this setting is unknown. DESIGN To determine its contribution, we assessed the effect of inhibiting C5 complement component in α1,3-galactosyltransferase-knockout (Gal KO) mice transplanted with porcine cartilage and studied the effect of human complement on porcine articular chondrocytes (PAC). RESULTS Treatment with an anti-mouse C5 blocking antibody for 5 weeks enhanced graft survival by reducing cellular rejection. Moreover, PAC were highly resistant to complement-mediated lysis and primarily responded to human complement by releasing IL-6 and IL-8. This occurred even in the absence of anti-Gal antibody and was mediated by both C5a and C5b-9. Indeed, C5a directly triggered IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and up-regulated expression of swine leukocyte antigen I (SLA-I) and adhesion molecules on chondrocytes, all processes that enhance cellular rejection. Finally, the use of anti-human C5/C5a antibodies and/or recombinant expression of human complement regulatory molecule CD59 (hCD59) conferred protection in correspondence with their specific functions. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that complement activation contributes to rejection of xenogeneic cartilage and provides valuable information for selecting approaches for complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sommaggio
- New Therapies of Genes and Transplants Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and Bellvitge University Hospital-ICS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pegoraro S, Ros G, Piazza S, Sommaggio R, Ciani Y, Rosato A, Del Sal G, Gustincich S, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. 287 An HMGA1 Specific Transcriptional Program Promotes Metastasis in Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sommaggio R, Cohnen A, Watzl C, Costa C. Multiple receptors trigger human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against porcine chondrocytes. J Immunol 2012; 188:2075-83. [PMID: 22287712 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of genetically engineered porcine chondrocytes may provide a therapeutic solution for the repair of cartilage defects of various types. However, the mechanisms underlying the humoral and cellular responses that lead to rejection of xenogeneic cartilage are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the interaction between human NK cells and isolated porcine costal chondrocytes (PCC). Our data show that freshly isolated NK cells adhere weakly to PCC. Consequently, PCC were highly resistant to cytolysis mediated by freshly isolated NK cells. However, the presence of human natural Abs in the coculture was often sufficient to trigger cytotoxicity against PCC. Furthermore, IL-2 stimulation of NK cells or activation of PCC with the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-1α resulted in increased adhesion, which was paralleled by increased NK cell-mediated lysis of PCC. NK cell adhesion to PCC could be blocked by Abs against human LFA-1 and porcine VCAM-1. NKG2D and NKp44 were involved in triggering cytotoxicity against PCC, which expressed ligands for these activating NK cell receptors. Our data further suggest that NKp30 and NKp46 may contribute to the activation of NK cells by PCC under certain conditions. Finally, comparative studies confirmed that PCC are more resistant than porcine aortic endothelial cells to human NK cell-mediated lysis. Thus, the data demonstrate that human NK cells can kill pig chondrocytes and may therefore contribute to rejection of xenogeneic cartilage. In addition, we identify potential targets for intervention to prevent the NK cell response against pig xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sommaggio
- New Therapies of Genes and Transplants Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
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Sommaggio R, Máñez R, Costa C. TNF, Pig CD86, and VCAM-1 Identified as Potential Targets for Intervention in Xenotransplantation of Pig Chondrocytes. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:1381-93. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909x474249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of genetically engineered porcine chondrocytes may benefit many patients who suffer cartilage defects. In this work, we sought to elucidate the molecular bases of the cellular response to xenogeneic cartilage. To this end, we isolated pig costal chondrocytes (PCC) and conducted a series of functional studies. First, we determined by flow cytometry the cell surface expression of multiple immunoregulatory proteins in resting conditions or after treatment with human TNF-α, IL-1α, or IL-1β, which did not induce apoptosis. TNF-α and to a lesser extent IL-1α led to a marked upregulation of SLA I, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 on PCC. SLA II and E-selectin remained undetectable in all the conditions assayed. Notably, CD86 was constitutively expressed at moderate levels, whereas CD80 and CD40 were barely detected. To assess their function, we next studied the interaction of PCC with human monoblastic U937 and Jurkat T cells. U937 cells adhered to resting and in a greater proportion to cytokine-stimulated PCC. Consistent with its expression pattern, pig VCAM-1 was key, mediating the increased adhesion after cytokine stimulation. We also conducted coculture experiments with U937 and PCC and measured the release of pig and human cytokines. Stimulated PCC secreted IL-6 and IL-8, whereas U937 secreted IL-8 in response to PCC. Finally, coculture of PCC with Jurkat in the presence of PHA led to a marked Jurkat activation as determined by the increase in IL-2 secretion. This process was dramatically reduced by blocking pig CD86. In summary, CD86 and VCAM-1 on pig chondrocytes may be important triggers of the xenogeneic cellular immune response. These molecules together with TNF could be considered potential targets for intervention in order to develop xenogeneic therapies for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sommaggio
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Máñez
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Vikman S, Sommaggio R, De La Torre M, Öberg K, Essand M, Giandomenico V, Loskog A, Tötterman TH. Midgut carcinoid patients display increased numbers of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood with infiltration into tumor tissue. Acta Oncol 2009; 48:391-400. [PMID: 18855160 DOI: 10.1080/02841860802438495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our aim was to investigate the immune status of midgut carcinoid patients. Cancer patients generally display suppressed Th1-type immunity that disables mounting of an efficient anti-tumor response. However, little is known about patients with neuroendocrine midgut carcinoids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Circulating regulatory T cells were determined in patient blood by staining for CD4, CD25 and FoxP3 in flow cytometric analysis. T cell proliferation was measured by Alamar Blue in response to polyclonal activation and the regulatory phenotype of patient CD25+ cells was validated by allogeneic stimulation of CFSE labelled responders. Cytokine levels in patient peripheral blood were measured by ELISA and CBA. Tumor infiltrating T cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results demonstrate that midgut carcinoid patients exhibit increased frequencies of circulating Tregs and patient T cells have a decreased proliferative capacity compared to healthy donors. Systemic Th1-promoting cytokines are reduced. Midgut carcinoid tumors display CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, always in the presence of regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ cells. DISCUSSION Midgut carcinoid patients display elevated T regulatory cell numbers and T cell dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies to overcome tumor-induced Th1 immunosuppression are required in combination with anti-tumor vaccinations.
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Vikman S, Giandomenico V, Sommaggio R, Oberg K, Essand M, Tötterman TH. CD8+ T cells against multiple tumor-associated antigens in peripheral blood of midgut carcinoid patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:399-409. [PMID: 17717663 PMCID: PMC11036812 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to identify immunogenic HLA-A*0201-binding epitopes derived from a number of classical midgut carcinoid-associated proteins. CD8(+) T cells recognizing tumor-associated antigen (TAA) epitopes are of great interest for the establishment of immunotherapy as a novel treatment for this type of malignancy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Midgut carcinoid tumor specimens were microdissected and expression levels of potential TAAs were investigated by quantitative real time PCR. HLA-A*0201-binding motifs were selected using HLA peptide binding prediction algorithms and stabilization of HLA-A*0201 was verified using TAP-deficient T2 cells. Peripheral blood of midgut carcinoid patients was analyzed for peptide epitope recognition and the feasibility of generating peptide-reactive CD8(+) T cells in healthy blood donors was examined by an in vitro stimulation protocol using mature DCs. Activation of patient and healthy donor CD8(+) T cells was analyzed by intracellular flow cytometry staining of interferon gamma. RESULTS Chromogranin A (CGA), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH-1), vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT-1), caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX-2), and islet autoantigen 2 (IA-2) are properly expressed by midgut carcinoid tumor cells, with CGA mRNA expressed to greatest level. Midgut carcinoid patients have increased frequencies of peripheral blood CD8(+) T cells recognizing a pool of HLA-A*0201 peptides derived from these proteins compared to healthy age-matched individuals. Activated peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells could also be generated in healthy blood donors by in vitro stimulation. CONCLUSION We have identified a number of immunogenic midgut carcinoid-associated peptide epitopes recognized by CD8(+) T cells. We show that midgut carcinoid patients display immune recognition of their tumors. Memory CD8(+) T cells in patient blood are of great interest when pursuing an immunotherapeutic treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vikman
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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