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Hassane AMA, Eldiehy KSH, Saha D, Mohamed H, Mosa MA, Abouelela ME, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. Oleaginous fungi: a promising source of biofuels and nutraceuticals with enhanced lipid production strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:338. [PMID: 38955856 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Oleaginous fungi have attracted a great deal of interest for their potency to accumulate high amounts of lipids (more than 20% of biomass dry weight) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have a variety of industrial and biological applications. Lipids of plant and animal origin are related to some restrictions and thus lead to attention towards oleaginous microorganisms as reliable substitute resources. Lipids are traditionally biosynthesized intra-cellularly and involved in the building structure of a variety of cellular compartments. In oleaginous fungi, under certain conditions of elevated carbon ratio and decreased nitrogen in the growth medium, a change in metabolic pathway occurred by switching the whole central carbon metabolism to fatty acid anabolism, which subsequently resulted in high lipid accumulation. The present review illustrates the bio-lipid structure, fatty acid classes and biosynthesis within oleaginous fungi with certain key enzymes, and the advantages of oleaginous fungi over other lipid bio-sources. Qualitative and quantitative techniques for detecting the lipid accumulation capability of oleaginous microbes including visual, and analytical (convenient and non-convenient) were debated. Factors affecting lipid production, and different approaches followed to enhance the lipid content in oleaginous yeasts and fungi, including optimization, utilization of cost-effective wastes, co-culturing, as well as metabolic and genetic engineering, were discussed. A better understanding of the oleaginous fungi regarding screening, detection, and maximization of lipid content using different strategies could help to discover new potent oleaginous isolates, exploit and recycle low-cost wastes, and improve the efficiency of bio-lipids cumulation with biotechnological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M A Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Debanjan Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, P.O. Box 784028, Assam, India
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, P.O. Box 255000, Zibo, China
| | - Mohamed A Mosa
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Nano-Materials Laboratory (NANML), Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 12619, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nageh F Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Rehim A El-Shanawany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
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Zhang JX, Liu XL, Wang L, Fang Z. Two-stage process production of microbial lipid by co-fermentation of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine from food wastes with Cryptococcus curvatus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129685. [PMID: 37595808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids were produced through a two-stage process with Cryptococcus curvatus by co-fermenting rice and shrimp shells hydrolysates. In the first stage, biomass production of glucose and N-acetylglucosamine was optimized by response surface methodology with the maximum biomass yield (17.60 g/L) under optimum conditions (43.2 g/L mixed sugar concentration, pH 5.8, 200 rpm, and 28 °C). In the second stage, according to a single-factor optimization setting (43.2 g/L sugar mixture solutions, pH 5.5, and shift time of 36 h), lipid titer of 10.08 g/L with content of 55.30 % was achieved. Scaling up to a 5-L bioreactor increased lipid content to 60.07 % with 0.233 g/g yield. When Cryptococcus curvatus was cultured in the blends of rice hydrolysates and shrimp shells hydrolysate, lipid content and yield were 52.25 % and 0.204 g/g. The fatty acid compositions of lipid were similar to those of typical vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xuan Zhang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Xiao-le Liu
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- Biomass Group, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, 40 Dianjiangtai Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
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Díaz-Navarrete P, Marileo L, Madrid H, Belezaca-Pinargote C, Dantagnan P. Lipid Production from Native Oleaginous Yeasts Isolated from Southern Chilean Soil Cultivated in Industrial Vinasse Residues. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2516. [PMID: 37894174 PMCID: PMC10609240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, six strains of oleaginous yeasts native to southern Chile were analyzed for their biotechnological potential in lipid accumulation. For this purpose, the six strains, named PP1, PP4, PR4, PR10, PR27 and PR29, were cultivated in a nitrogen-deficient synthetic mineral medium (SMM). Then, two strains were selected and cultivated in an industrial residual "vinasse", under different conditions of temperature (°C), pH and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Finally, under optimized conditions, the growth kinetics and determination of the lipid profile were evaluated. The results of growth in the SMM indicate that yeasts PP1 and PR27 presented biomass concentrations and lipid accumulation percentages of 2.73 and 4.3 g/L of biomass and 36.6% and 45.3% lipids, respectively. Subsequently, for both strains, when cultured in the residual vinasse under optimized environmental conditions, biomass concentrations of 14.8 ± 1.51 g/L (C/N 80) and 15.83 ± 0.57 g/L (C/N 50) and lipid accumulations of 28% and 30% were obtained for PP1 and PR27, respectively. The composition of the triglycerides (TGs), obtained in the culture of the yeasts in a 2 L reactor, presented 64.25% of saturated fatty acids for strain PR27 and 47.18% for strain PP1. The saturated fatty acid compositions in both strains are mainly constituted of fatty acids, myristic C 14:0, heptadecanoic C 17:0, palmitic C 16:0 and stearic C 18:0, and the monounsaturated fatty acids constituted of oleic acid C 18:1 (cis 9) (28-46%), and in smaller amounts, palmitoleic acid and heptadecenoic acid. This work demonstrates that the native yeast strains PP1 and PR27 are promising strains for the production of microbial oils similar to conventional vegetable oils. The potential applications in the energy or food industries, such as aquaculture, are conceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Díaz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias y Salud Pública, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Luis Marileo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Hugo Madrid
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique 1101783, Chile;
| | - Carlos Belezaca-Pinargote
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador;
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Sun H, Gao Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Gao M, Wang Q. A comprehensive review on microbial lipid production from wastes: research updates and tendencies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:79654-79675. [PMID: 37328718 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids have recently attracted attention as an intriguing alternative for the biodiesel and oleochemical industries to achieve sustainable energy generation. However, large-scale lipid production remains limited due to the high processing costs. As multiple variables affect lipid synthesis, an up-to-date overview that will benefit researchers studying microbial lipids is necessary. In this review, the most studied keywords from bibliometric studies are first reviewed. Based on the results, the hot topics in the field were identified to be associated with microbiology studies that aim to enhance lipid synthesis and reduce production costs, focusing on the biological and metabolic engineering involved. The research updates and tendencies of microbial lipids were then analyzed in depth. In particular, feedstock and associated microbes, as well as feedstock and corresponding products, were analyzed in detail. Strategies for lipid biomass enhancement were also discussed, including feedstock adoption, value-added product synthesis, selection of oleaginous microbes, cultivation mode optimization, and metabolic engineering strategies. Finally, the environmental implications of microbial lipid production and possible research directions were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Tianjin, 301811, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China.
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, Tianjin, 301811, China
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Oleaginous yeasts: Biodiversity and cultivation. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martinez-Burgos WJ, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L, Karp SG, Murawski de Mello AF, Thomaz Soccol V, Soccol CR. Microbial lipid production from soybean hulls using Lipomyces starkeyi LPB53 in a circular economy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128650. [PMID: 36682478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soybean hulls are lignocellulosic residuesgeneratedinthe industrial processing of soybean, representing about 5 % of the mass of the whole bean. This by-product isan importantsource of polymers suchas cellulose(34 %) and hemicellulose (11 %),which could bevalorizedvia biotechnology to improvethe economic returnof the oilseed chain. In the present work,soybean hulls were evaluated as a carbon sourcefor biolipid productionbyLipomycesstarkeyi LPB 53. Initially the hulls were treated physicochemically and enzymatically to obtain fermentable sugars. Subsequently, biomass growth was evaluated using different nitrogen sources andthe lipid production was optimized, reaching a maximum cell biomass concentration of 26.5 g/L with 42.5 % of lipids. Around 65 % of the xylose content was consumed.The obtained oil wasmajorlycomposed of oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and stearic fatty acids in a proportion of 54 %, 32 %, 4 %, 3 % and 2 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Martinez-Burgos
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ariane Fátima Murawski de Mello
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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7
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Sapsirisuk S, Polburee P, Lorliam W, Limtong S. Discovery of Oleaginous Yeast from Mountain Forest Soil in Thailand. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1100. [PMID: 36294665 PMCID: PMC9605381 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As an interesting alternative microbial platform for the sustainable synthesis of oleochemical building blocks and biofuels, oleaginous yeasts are increasing in both quantity and diversity. In this study, oleaginous yeast species from northern Thailand were discovered to add to the topology. A total of 127 yeast strains were isolated from 22 forest soil samples collected from mountainous areas. They were identified by an analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA (LSU rRNA) gene sequences to be 13 species. The most frequently isolated species were Lipomyces tetrasporus and Lipomyces starkeyi. Based on the cellular lipid content determination, 78 strains of ten yeast species, and two potential new yeast that which accumulated over 20% of dry biomass, were found to be oleaginous yeast strains. Among the oleaginous species detected, Papiliotrema terrestris and Papiliotrema flavescens have never been reported as oleaginous yeast before. In addition, none of the species in the genera Piskurozyma and Hannaella were found to be oleaginous yeast. L. tetrasporus SWU-NGP 2-5 accumulated the highest lipid content of 74.26% dry biomass, whereas Lipomyces mesembrius SWU-NGP 14-6 revealed the highest lipid quantity at 5.20 ± 0.03 g L-1. The fatty acid profiles of the selected oleaginous yeasts varied depending on the strain and suitability for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirawich Sapsirisuk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Pirapan Polburee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wanlapa Lorliam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Savitree Limtong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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8
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System analysis of Lipomyces starkeyi during growth on various plant-based sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5629-5642. [PMID: 35906440 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts have received significant attention due to their substantial lipid storage capability. The accumulated lipids can be utilized directly or processed into various bioproducts and biofuels. Lipomyces starkeyi is an oleaginous yeast capable of using multiple plant-based sugars, such as glucose, xylose, and cellobiose. It is, however, a relatively unexplored yeast due to limited knowledge about its physiology. In this study, we have evaluated the growth of L. starkeyi on different sugars and performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to understand the underlying mechanisms of sugar metabolism. Principal component analysis showed clear differences resulting from growth on different sugars. We have further reported various metabolic pathways activated during growth on these sugars. We also observed non-specific regulation in L. starkeyi and have updated the gene annotations for the NRRL Y-11557 strain. This analysis provides a foundation for understanding the metabolism of these plant-based sugars and potentially valuable information to guide the metabolic engineering of L. starkeyi to produce bioproducts and biofuels. KEY POINTS: • L. starkeyi metabolism reprograms for consumption of different plant-based sugars. • Non-specific regulation was observed during growth on cellobiose. • L. starkeyi secretes β-glucosidases for extracellular hydrolysis of cellobiose.
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Morimoto Y, Saitoh S, Takayama Y. Growth conditions inducing G1 cell cycle arrest enhance lipid production in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276362. [PMID: 35833504 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store lipids for energy and membrane synthesis. The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is one of the most promising lipid producers and has attracted attention as a biofuel source. It is known that the expansion of lipid droplets is enhanced under nutrient-poor conditions. Therefore, we prepared a novel nitrogen-depleted medium (N medium) in which to culture L. starkeyi cells. Lipid accumulation was rapidly induced, and this was reversed by the addition of ammonium. In this condition, cell proliferation stopped and cells with giant lipid droplets were arrested in G1 phase. We investigated whether cell cycle arrest at a specific phase is required for lipid accumulation. Lipid accumulation was repressed in hydroxyurea-synchronized S phase cells and was increased in nocodazole-arrested G2/M phase cells. Moreover, the enrichment of G1 phase cells by rapamycin induced massive lipid accumulation. From these results, we conclude that L. starkeyi cells store lipids from G2/M phase and then arrest cell proliferation in the subsequent G1 phase, where lipid accumulation is enhanced. Cell cycle control is an attractive approach for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shigeaki Saitoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Takayama
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Tochigi, Japan
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Burgstaller L, Löffler S, De Marcellis L, Ghassemi K, Neureiter M. The influence of different carbon sources on growth and single cell oil production in oleaginous yeasts Apiotrichum brassicae and Pichia kudriavzevii. N Biotechnol 2022; 69:1-7. [PMID: 35182781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts offer an interesting possibility for renewable lipid production, since the single cell oil accumulated can be based on a wide range of cheap, waste-derived carbon sources. Here, several short chain carboxylic acids and sugars commonly found in these substrates were assessed as carbon sources for Apiotrichum brassicae and Pichia kudriavzevii. While both strains were able to utilize all carbon sources employed, high volumetric lipid productivities (0.4g/Lh) and lipid contents (68%) could be reached particularly with acetic acid as carbon source. Odd-numbered volatile fatty acids led to lower productivities and lipid contents, but the lipids contained unusually high proportions of odd-numbered fatty acids (up to 80% of total fatty acids). These fatty acids are rather uncommon in nature and might offer the possibility for various high value applications. In conclusion both strains are able to utilize a wide range of substrates potentially present in waste-derived substrates. Lipid content and volumetric lipid productivity strongly depend on the carbon source, with even-numbered volatile fatty acids resulting in the highest values. For volatile fatty acids in particular, the carbon source also strongly influences the composition of the lipids produced by the yeast strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Burgstaller
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Löffler
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca De Marcellis
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Khatereh Ghassemi
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Neureiter
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang L, Lee JTE, Ok YS, Dai Y, Tong YW. Enhancing microbial lipids yield for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi fermentation: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126294. [PMID: 34748983 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced production of microbial lipids suitable for manufacturing biodiesel from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi is critically reviewed. Recent advances in several aspects involving the biosynthetic pathways of lipids, current conversion efficiencies using various carbon sources, intensification strategies for improving lipid yield and productivity in L. starkeyi fermentation, and lipid extraction approaches are analyzed from about 100 papers for the past decade. Key findings on strategies are summarized, including (1) optimization of parameters, (2) cascading two-stage systems, (3) metabolic engineering strategies, (4) mutagenesis followed by selection, and (5) co-cultivation of yeast and algae. The current technical limitations are analyzed. Research suggestions like examination of more gene targets via metabolic engineering are proposed. This is the first comprehensive review on the latest technical advances in strategies from the perspective of process and metabolic engineering to further increase the lipid yield and productivity from L. starkeyi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jonathan T E Lee
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanjun Dai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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12
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Abeln F, Chuck CJ. The history, state of the art and future prospects for oleaginous yeast research. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:221. [PMID: 34876155 PMCID: PMC8650507 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based biofuels, such as biodiesel and hydroprocessed esters, are a central part of the global initiative to reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector. The vast majority of production is currently from first-generation feedstocks, such as rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. However, the increased exploitation of soybean oil and palm oil has led to vast deforestation, smog emissions and heavily impacted on biodiversity in tropical regions. One promising alternative, potentially capable of meeting future demand sustainably, are oleaginous yeasts. Despite being known about for 143 years, there has been an increasing effort in the last decade to develop a viable industrial system, with currently around 100 research papers published annually. In the academic literature, approximately 160 native yeasts have been reported to produce over 20% of their dry weight in a glyceride-rich oil. The most intensively studied oleaginous yeast have been Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus (20% of publications), Rhodotorula toruloides (19%) and Yarrowia lipolytica (19%). Oleaginous yeasts have been primarily grown on single saccharides (60%), hydrolysates (26%) or glycerol (19%), and mainly on the mL scale (66%). Process development and genetic modification (7%) have been applied to alter yeast performance and the lipids, towards the production of biofuels (77%), food/supplements (24%), oleochemicals (19%) or animal feed (3%). Despite over a century of research and the recent application of advanced genetic engineering techniques, the industrial production of an economically viable commodity oil substitute remains elusive. This is mainly due to the estimated high production cost, however, over the course of the twenty-first century where climate change will drastically change global food supply networks and direct governmental action will likely be levied at more destructive crops, yeast lipids offer a flexible platform for localised, sustainable lipid production. Based on data from the large majority of oleaginous yeast academic publications, this review is a guide through the history of oleaginous yeast research, an assessment of the best growth and lipid production achieved to date, the various strategies employed towards industrial production and importantly, a critical discussion about what needs to be built on this huge body of work to make producing a yeast-derived, more sustainable, glyceride oil a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abeln
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Intasian P, Prakinee K, Phintha A, Trisrivirat D, Weeranoppanant N, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Enzymes, In Vivo Biocatalysis, and Metabolic Engineering for Enabling a Circular Economy and Sustainability. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10367-10451. [PMID: 34228428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the rapid growth and development of global industries have depended largely upon the utilization of coal-derived chemicals, and more recently, the utilization of petroleum-based chemicals. These developments have followed a linear economy model (produce, consume, and dispose). As the world is facing a serious threat from the climate change crisis, a more sustainable solution for manufacturing, i.e., circular economy in which waste from the same or different industries can be used as feedstocks or resources for production offers an attractive industrial/business model. In nature, biological systems, i.e., microorganisms routinely use their enzymes and metabolic pathways to convert organic and inorganic wastes to synthesize biochemicals and energy required for their growth. Therefore, an understanding of how selected enzymes convert biobased feedstocks into special (bio)chemicals serves as an important basis from which to build on for applications in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology to enable biobased processes that are greener and cleaner for the environment. This review article highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the enzymatic reactions used in converting biobased wastes (lignocellulosic biomass, sugar, phenolic acid, triglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol) and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) into value-added products and discusses the current progress made in their metabolic engineering. The commercial aspects and life cycle assessment of products from enzymatic and metabolic engineering are also discussed. Continued development in the field of metabolic engineering would offer diversified solutions which are sustainable and renewable for manufacturing valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarawan Intasian
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kridsadakorn Prakinee
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Aisaraphon Phintha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangthip Trisrivirat
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Nopphon Weeranoppanant
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169, Long-hard Bangsaen, Saensook, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Zhang L, Lim EY, Loh KC, Dai Y, Tong YW. Two-Stage Fermentation of Lipomyces starkeyi for Production of Microbial Lipids and Biodiesel. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081724. [PMID: 34442803 PMCID: PMC8399642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high operating cost is currently a limitation to industrialize microbial lipids production by the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. To explore economic fermentation technology, the two-stage fermentation of Lipomyces starkeyi using yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium, orange peel (OP) hydrolysate medium, and their mixed medium were investigated for seven days by monitoring OD600 values, pH values, cell growth status, C/N ratios, total carbon concentration, total nitrogen concentration, residual sugar concentration, lipid content, lipid titer, and fatty acids profiles of lipids. The results showed that two-stage fermentation with YPD and 50% YPD + 50% OP medium contributed to lipid accumulation, leading to larger internal lipid droplets in the yeast cells. However, the cells in pure OP hydrolysate grew abnormally, showing skinny and angular shapes. Compared to the one-stage fermentation, the two-stage fermentation enhanced lipid contents by 18.5%, 27.1%, and 21.4% in the flasks with YPD medium, OP medium, and 50%YPD + 50%OP medium, and enhanced the lipid titer by 77.8%, 13.6%, and 63.0%, respectively. The microbial lipids obtained from both one-stage and two-stage fermentation showed no significant difference in fatty acid compositions, which were mainly dominated by palmitic acid (33.36–38.43%) and oleic acid (46.6–48.12%). Hence, a mixture of commercial medium and lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate could be a promising option to balance the operating cost and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (L.Z.); (K.-C.L.)
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (E.Y.L.); (Y.D.)
| | - Ee Yang Lim
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (E.Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Kai-Chee Loh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (L.Z.); (K.-C.L.)
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (E.Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yanjun Dai
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (E.Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (L.Z.); (K.-C.L.)
- Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore; (E.Y.L.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-8467
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Karamerou EE, Parsons S, McManus MC, Chuck CJ. Using techno-economic modelling to determine the minimum cost possible for a microbial palm oil substitute. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:57. [PMID: 33663577 PMCID: PMC7934523 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotrophic single-cell oils (SCOs) are one potential replacement to lipid-derived biofuels sourced from first-generation crops such as palm oil. However, despite a large experimental research effort in this area, there are only a handful of techno-economic modelling publications. As such, there is little understanding of whether SCOs are, or could ever be, a potential competitive replacement. To help address this question, we designed a detailed model that coupled a hypothetical heterotroph (using the very best possible biological lipid production) with the largest and most efficient chemical plant design possible. RESULTS Our base case gave a lipid selling price of $1.81/kg for ~ 8,000 tonnes/year production, that could be reduced to $1.20/kg on increasing production to ~ 48,000 tonnes of lipid a year. A range of scenarios to further reduce this cost were then assessed, including using a thermotolerant strain (reducing the cost from $1.20 to $1.15/kg), zero-cost electricity ($ 1.12/kg), using non-sterile conditions ($1.19/kg), wet extraction of lipids ($1.16/kg), continuous production of extracellular lipid ($0.99/kg) and selling the whole yeast cell, including recovering value for the protein and carbohydrate ($0.81/kg). If co-products were produced alongside the lipid then the price could be effectively reduced to $0, depending on the amount of carbon funnelled away from lipid production, as long as the co-product could be sold in excess of $1/kg. CONCLUSIONS The model presented here represents an ideal case that which while not achievable in reality, importantly would not be able to be improved on, irrespective of the scientific advances in this area. From the scenarios explored, it is possible to produce lower cost SCOs, but research must start to be applied in three key areas, firstly designing products where the whole cell is used. Secondly, further work on the product systems that produce lipids extracellularly in a continuous processing methodology or finally that create an effective biorefinery designed to produce a low molecular weight, bulk chemical, alongside the lipid. All other research areas will only ever give incremental gains rather than leading towards an economically competitive, sustainable, microbial oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni E Karamerou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sophie Parsons
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Marcelle C McManus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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16
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Alahuhta M, Xu Q, Knoshaug EP, Wang W, Wei H, Amore A, Baker JO, Vander Wall T, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Chimeric cellobiohydrolase I expression, activity, and biochemical properties in three oleaginous yeast. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:6. [PMID: 33407766 PMCID: PMC7789491 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Consolidated bioprocessing using oleaginous yeast is a promising modality for the economic conversion of plant biomass to fuels and chemicals. However, yeast are not known to produce effective biomass degrading enzymes naturally and this trait is essential for efficient consolidated bioprocessing. We expressed a chimeric cellobiohydrolase I gene in three different oleaginous, industrially relevant yeast: Yarrowia lipolytica, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the biochemical and catalytic properties and biomass deconstruction potential of these recombinant enzymes. Our results showed differences in glycosylation, surface charge, thermal and proteolytic stability, and efficacy of biomass digestion. L. starkeyi was shown to be an inferior active cellulase producer compared to both the Y. lipolytica and S. cerevisiae enzymes, whereas the cellulase expressed in S. cerevisiae displayed the lowest activity against dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover. Comparatively, the chimeric cellobiohydrolase I enzyme expressed in Y. lipolytica was found to have a lower extent of glycosylation, better protease stability, and higher activity against dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Antonella Amore
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - John O Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Todd Vander Wall
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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17
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Martani F, Maestroni L, Torchio M, Ami D, Natalello A, Lotti M, Porro D, Branduardi P. Conversion of sugar beet residues into lipids by Lipomyces starkeyi for biodiesel production. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:204. [PMID: 33167962 PMCID: PMC7653891 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids from oleaginous yeasts emerged as a sustainable alternative to vegetable oils and animal fat to produce biodiesel, the biodegradable and environmentally friendly counterpart of petro-diesel fuel. To develop economically viable microbial processes, the use of residual feedstocks as growth and production substrates is required. RESULTS In this work we investigated sugar beet pulp (SBP) and molasses, the main residues of sugar beet processing, as sustainable substrates for the growth and lipid accumulation by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. We observed that in hydrolysed SBP the yeast cultures reached a limited biomass, cellular lipid content, lipid production and yield (2.5 g/L, 19.2%, 0.5 g/L and 0.08 g/g, respectively). To increase the initial sugar availability, cells were grown in SBP blended with molasses. Under batch cultivation, the cellular lipid content was more than doubled (47.2%) in the presence of 6% molasses. Under pulsed-feeding cultivation, final biomass, cellular lipid content, lipid production and lipid yield were further improved, reaching respectively 20.5 g/L, 49.2%, 9.7 g/L and 0.178 g/g. Finally, we observed that SBP can be used instead of ammonium sulphate to fulfil yeasts nitrogen requirement in molasses-based media for microbial oil production. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that SBP and molasses can be blended to create a feedstock for the sustainable production of lipids by L. starkeyi. The data obtained pave the way to further improve lipid production by designing a fed-batch process in bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Martani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Maestroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Torchio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Porro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Di Fidio N, Dragoni F, Antonetti C, De Bari I, Raspolli Galletti AM, Ragaglini G. From paper mill waste to single cell oil: Enzymatic hydrolysis to sugars and their fermentation into microbial oil by the yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123790. [PMID: 32707500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single cell oil (SCO) represents an outstanding alternative to both fossil sources and vegetable oils from food crops waste. In this work, an innovative two-step process for the conversion of cellulosic paper mill waste into SCO was proposed and optimised. Hydrolysates containing glucose and xylose were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the untreated waste. Under the optimised reaction conditions (Cellic® CTec2 25 FPU/g glucan, 48 h, biomass loading 20 g/L), glucose and xylose yields of 95 mol% were reached. The undetoxified hydrolysate was adopted as substrate for a batch-mode fermentation by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Lipid yield, content for single cell, production and maximum oil productivity were 20.2 wt%, 37 wt%, 3.7 g/L and 2.0 g/L/d respectively. This new generation oil, obtained from a negative value industrial waste, represents a promising platform chemical for the production of biodiesel, biosurfactants, animal feed and biobased plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federico Dragoni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Department of Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Potsdam-Bornim e.V. Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella De Bari
- Laboratory for Processes and Technologies for Biorefineries and Green Chemistry, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), CR Trisaia, S.S. 106 Jonica, 75026 Rotondella, MT, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Ragaglini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Wang H, Hu B, Liu J, Qian H, Xu J, Zhang W. Co-production of lipid, exopolysaccharide and single-cell protein by Sporidiobolus pararoseus under ammonia nitrogen-limited conditions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1403-1414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030453. [PMID: 32210119 PMCID: PMC7143989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.
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21
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Fungi (Mold)-Based Lipid Production. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31148121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the development of alternative energy sources with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and striving toward a sustainable economy. Bioethanol and biodiesel are currently the primary choices of alternative transportation fuels. At present, biodiesel is not competitive with conventional fuel due to its high price, and the only way to compete with conventional fuel is to improve the quality, reduce the costs, and coproduce value-added products. With the high demand for lipids in the energy sector and other industrial applications, microbial lipids accumulated from microorganisms, especially oleaginous fungi and yeasts have been the important topic of many recent research studies. This chapter summarizes the current status of knowledge and technology about lipid production by oleaginous fungi and yeasts for biofuel applications and other value-added products. The chapter focuses on several aspects such as the most promising oleaginous strains, strain development, improvement of lipid production, methods and protocols to cultivate oleaginous fungi, substrate utilization, fermentation process design, and downstream processing. The feasibility and challenges during the large-scale commercial production of microbial lipids as fuel sources are also discussed. It provides an overview of microbial lipid production biorefinery and also future development directions.
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22
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Karamerou EE, Webb C. Cultivation modes for microbial oil production using oleaginous yeasts – A review. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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High cell density cultivation of Lipomyces starkeyi for achieving highly efficient lipid production from sugar under low C/N ratio. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hoondee P, Wattanagonniyom T, Weeraphan T, Tanasupawat S, Savarajara A. Occurrence of oleaginous yeast from mangrove forest in Thailand. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:108. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arora N, Patel A, Mehtani J, Pruthi PA, Pruthi V, Poluri KM. Co-culturing of oleaginous microalgae and yeast: paradigm shift towards enhanced lipid productivity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16952-16973. [PMID: 31030399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous microalgae and yeast are the two major propitious factories which are sustainable sources for biodiesel production, as they can accumulate high quantities of lipids inside their bodies. To date, various microalgal and yeast species have been exploited singly for biodiesel production. However, despite the ongoing efforts, their low lipid productivity and the high cost of cultivation are still the major bottlenecks hindering their large-scale deployment. Co-culturing of microalgae and yeast has the potential to increase the overall lipid productivity by minimizing its production cost as both these organisms can utilize each other's by-products. Microalgae act as an O2 generator for yeast while consuming the CO2 and organic acids released by the yeast cells. Further, yeast can break complex sugars in the medium, which can then be utilized by microalgae thereby opening new options for copious and low-cost feedstocks such as agricultural residues. The current review provides a historical and technical overview of the existing studies on co-culturing of yeast and microalgae and elucidates the crucial factors that affect the symbiotic relationship between these two organisms. Furthermore, the review also highlighted the advantages and the future perspectives for paving a path towards a sustainable biodiesel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Alok Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Juhi Mehtani
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Parul A Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Centre for Transportation Systems (CTRANS), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Centre for Transportation Systems (CTRANS), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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26
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Pan S, Chen G, Wu R, Cao X, Liang Z. Non-sterile Submerged Fermentation of Fibrinolytic Enzyme by Marine Bacillus subtilis Harboring Antibacterial Activity With Starvation Strategy. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1025. [PMID: 31156576 PMCID: PMC6533532 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fibrinolytic enzyme is a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. Non-sterile production of fibrinolytic enzyme by marine Bacillus subtilis D21-8 under submerged fermentation was realized at a mild temperature of 34°C, using a unique combination of starvation strategy and self-production of antibacterial agents. A medium composed of 18.5 g/L glucose, 6.3 g/L yeast extract, 7.9 g/L tryptone, and 5 g/L NaCl was achieved by conventional and statistical methods. Results showed efficient synthesis of fibrinolytic enzyme and antibacterial compounds required the presence of both yeast extract and tryptone in the medium. At shake-flask level, the non-sterile optimized medium resulted in higher productivity of fibrinolytic enzyme than the sterile one, with an enhanced yield of 3,129 U/mL and a production cost reduced by 24%. This is the first report dealing with non-sterile submerged fermentation of fibrinolytic enzyme, which may facilitate the development of feasible techniques for non-sterile production of raw materials for the preparation of potential drugs with low operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Microorganism and Enzyme Research Center of Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Oleaginous yeasts for sustainable lipid production—from biodiesel to surf boards, a wide range of “green” applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3651-3667. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Zuccaro G, Steyer JP, van Lis R. The algal trophic mode affects the interaction and oil production of a synergistic microalga-yeast consortium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:608-617. [PMID: 30481660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-food feedstocks to produce renewable microbial resources can limit our dependence on fossil fuels and lower CO2 emissions. Since microalgae display a virtuous CO2 and O2 exchange with heterotrophs, the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was combined with the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi, known for their production of oil, base material for biodiesel. The coupled growth was shown to be synergistic for biomass and lipid production. The species were truly symbiotic since synergistic growth occurred even when the alga cannot use the organic carbon in the feedstock and in absence of air, thus depending entirely on CO2-O2 exchange. Since addition of acetate as the algal carbon source lowered the performance of the consortium, the microbial system design should take into account algal mixotrophy. The mixed biomass was found be suitable for biodiesel production, and whereas lipid production increased in the consortium, yields should be improved in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zuccaro
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy; LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - J-P Steyer
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - R van Lis
- LBE, INRA, Univ Montpellier, 102 avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France.
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Jayanthi S, Thalla AK. Producing Oleaginous Organisms Using Food Waste: Challenges and Outcomes. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1995:369-381. [PMID: 31148139 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With organic or food waste being one of the main constituents of the total urban waste generated, it not only makes it essential to seek means for its safe disposal but at the same time reiterates the huge potential that lies with the proper utilization of such a widely available resource. Oleaginous microbes that are effective in producing or storing oil would use food waste rich in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and this oil in turn could be an alternative feedstock for the production of biofuels. However, there are few challenges in the process. The various challenges in this process and methods to address them are discussed in the present chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Kumar Thalla
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Xu Q, Alahuhta M, Wei H, Knoshaug EP, Wang W, Baker JO, Vander Wall T, Himmel ME, Zhang M. Expression of an endoglucanase-cellobiohydrolase fusion protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Lipomyces starkeyi. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:322. [PMID: 30524504 PMCID: PMC6278004 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The low secretion levels of cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) in yeasts are one of the key barriers preventing yeast from directly degrading and utilizing lignocellulose. To overcome this obstacle, we have explored the approach of genetically linking an easily secreted protein to CBHI, with CBHI being the last to be folded. The Trichoderma reesei eg2 (TrEGII) gene was selected as the leading gene due to its previously demonstrated outstanding secretion in yeast. To comprehensively characterize the effects of this fusion protein, we tested this hypothesis in three industrially relevant yeasts: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Lipomyces starkeyi. Our initial assays with the L. starkeyi secretome expressing differing TrEGII domains fused to a chimeric Talaromyces emersonii-T. reesei CBHI (TeTrCBHI) showed that the complete TrEGII enzyme, including the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 5 domain is required for increased expression level of the fusion protein when linked to CBHI. We found that this new construct (TrEGII-TeTrCBHI, Fusion 3) had an increased secretion level of at least threefold in L. starkeyi compared to the expression level of the chimeric TeTrCBHI. However, the same improvements were not observed when Fusion 3 construct was expressed in S. cerevisiae and Y. lipolytica. Digestion of pretreated corn stover with the secretomes of Y. lipolytica and L. starkeyi showed that conversion was much better using Y. lipolytica secretomes (50% versus 29%, respectively). In Y. lipolytica, TeTrCBHI performed better than the fusion construct. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae expression of Fusion 3 construct was poor and only minimal activity was observed when acting on the substrate, pNP-cellobiose. No activity was observed for the pNP-lactose substrate. Clearly, this approach is not universally applicable to all yeasts, but works in specific cases. With purified protein and soluble substrates, the exoglucanase activity of the GH7 domain embedded in the Fusion 3 construct in L. starkeyi was significantly higher than that of the GH7 domain in TeTrCBHI expressed alone. It is probable that a higher fraction of fusion construct CBHI is in an active form in Fusion 3 compared to just TeTrCBHI. We conclude that the strategy of leading TeTrCBHI expression with a linked TrEGII module significantly improved the expression of active CBHI in L. starkeyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Eric P. Knoshaug
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - John O. Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Todd Vander Wall
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Michael E. Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
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Lipid production via simultaneous conversion of glucose and xylose by a novel yeast, Cystobasidium iriomotense. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202164. [PMID: 30208038 PMCID: PMC6135397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast strains IPM32-16, ISM28-8sT, and IPM46-17, isolated from plant and soil samples from Iriomote Island, Japan, were explored in terms of lipid production during growth in a mixture of glucose and xylose. Phylogenetically, the strains were most closely related to Cystobasidium slooffiae, based on the sequences of the ITS regions and the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA gene. The strains were oleaginous, accumulating lipids to levels > 20% dry cell weight. Moreover, kinetic analysis of the sugar-to-lipid conversion of a 1:1 glucose/xylose mixture showed that the strains consumed the two sugars simultaneously. IPM46-17 attained the highest lipid content (33%), mostly C16 and C18 fatty acids. Thus, the yeasts efficiently converted lignocellulosic sugars to lipids, aiding in biofuel production (which benefits the environment, promotes rural jobs, and strengthens fuel security). The strains constituted a novel species of Cystobasidium, for which we propose the name Cystobasidium iriomotense (type strain ISM28-8sT = JCM 24594T = CBS 15015T).
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32
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Maruyama Y, Toya Y, Kurokawa H, Fukano Y, Sato A, Umemura H, Yamada K, Iwasaki H, Tobori N, Shimizu H. Characterization of oil-producing yeast Lipomyces starkeyi on glycerol carbon source based on metabolomics and 13C-labeling. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8909-8920. [PMID: 30097695 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipomyces starkeyi is an oil-producing yeast that can produce triacylglycerol (TAG) from glycerol as a carbon source. The TAG was mainly produced after nitrogen depletion alongside reduced cell proliferation. To obtain clues for enhancing the TAG production, cell metabolism during the TAG-producing phase was characterized by metabolomics with 13C labeling. The turnover analysis showed that the time constants of intermediates from glycerol to pyruvate (Pyr) were large, whereas those of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were much smaller than that of Pyr. Surprisingly, the time constants of intermediates in gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway were large, suggesting that a large amount of the uptaken glycerol was metabolized via the PP pathway. To synthesize fatty acids that make up TAG from acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), 14 molecules of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) per C16 fatty acid molecule are required. Because the oxidative PP pathway generates NADPH, this pathway would contribute to supply NADPH for fatty acid synthesis. To confirm that the oxidative PP pathway can supply the NADPH required for TAG production, flux analysis was conducted based on the measured specific rates and mass balances. Flux analysis revealed that the NADPH necessary for TAG production was supplied by metabolizing 48.2% of the uptaken glycerol through gluconeogenesis and the PP pathway. This result was consistent with the result of the 13C-labeling experiment. Furthermore, comparison of the actual flux distribution with the ideal flux distribution for TAG production suggested that it is necessary to flow more dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) through gluconeogenesis to improve TAG yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruyama
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurokawa
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuka Fukano
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Umemura
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hideaki Iwasaki
- Analytical Technology Research Center, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Norio Tobori
- Functional Materials Science Research Laboratories, Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Diwan B, Gupta P. Comprehending the influence of critical cultivation parameters on the oleaginous behaviour of potent rotten fruit yeast isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:490-505. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Diwan
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - P. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology Raipur Chhattisgarh India
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34
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Tang M, Zhou W, Liu Y, Yan J, Gong Z. A two-stage process facilitating microbial lipid production from N-acetylglucosamine by Cryptococcus curvatus cultured under non-sterile conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:255-262. [PMID: 29533885 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), the monomeric constituent of chitin, is rarely studied for lipid production by oleaginous species. This study demonstrated that Cryptococcus curvatus had a great capacity to convert GlcNAc into lipid with high yield using a two-stage production process. Optimal inoculum age and inoculation size strongly improved the two-stage lipid production efficiency. More interestingly, this process rendered superior lipid production under non-sterile condition. The acetate liberated from GlcNAc was consumed timely, while the NH4+ released was rarely assimilated. Lipid titre, lipid content and lipid yield reached 9.9 g/L, 56.9% and 0.23 g/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than those from the conventional process where cell growth and lipid accumulation were coupled. The resulting lipid samples had similar fatty acid compositional profiles to those of vegetable oil, suggesting their potential for biodiesel production. These findings strongly supported the two-stage process as an attractive strategy for better techno-economics of the chitin-to-biodiesel routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 947 Heping Road, Wuhan 430081, PR China.
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35
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Chaiyaso T, Srisuwan W, Techapun C, Watanabe M, Takenaka S. Direct bioconversion of rice residue from canteen waste into lipids by new amylolytic oleaginous yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KX709872. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:361-371. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1446155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wimada Srisuwan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charin Techapun
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takenaka
- Environmental Microbiology, Division of Agribioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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36
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Optimization of C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production by an engineered strain of Lipomyces starkeyi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was engineered for the production of long-chain fatty alcohols by expressing a fatty acyl-CoA reductase, mFAR1, from Mus musculus. The optimal conditions for production of fatty alcohols by this strain were investigated. Increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratios led to efficient C16 and C18 fatty alcohol production from glucose, xylose and glycerol. Batch cultivation resulted in a titer of 1.7 g/L fatty alcohol from glucose which represents a yield of 28 mg of fatty alcohols per gram of glucose. This relatively high level of production with minimal genetic modification indicates that L. starkeyi may be an excellent host for the bioconversion of carbon-rich waste streams, particularly lignocellulosic waste, to C16 and C18 fatty alcohols.
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37
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Han M, Xu JZ, Liu ZM, Qian H, Zhang WG. Co-production of microbial oil and exopolysaccharide by the oleaginous yeastSporidiobolus pararoseusgrown in fed-batch culture. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3348-3356. [PMID: 35541180 PMCID: PMC9077544 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12813d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production cost of microbial oil was reduced by improving the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production to share the production cost using Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2. Batch fermentation demonstrated that S. pararoseus JD-2 has the potential to co-produce oil and EPS with 120 g L−1 glucose, 20 g L−1 corn steep liquor and 10 g L−1 yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources. Using fed-batch fermentation for 72 h resulted in oil and EPS production of 41.6 ± 2.5 g L−1 and 13.1 ± 0.6 g L−1 with the productivity of 0.58 g L−1 h−1 and 0.182 g L−1 h−1, respectively. The fat soluble nutrients in the oil were studied, indicating that it was constituted of 79.19% unsaturated fatty acids and contained 505 mg per kg-oil of carotenoids. Moreover, the EPS contained only one type of polysaccharide; the main monosaccharide compositions were galactose, glucose and mannose in a proportion of 16 : 8 : 1. These results implied that EPS produced by S. pararoseus JD-2 was a new type of EPS. The production cost of microbial oil was reduced by improving the exopolysaccharide (EPS) production to share the production cost using Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
| | - Zhen-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology
- Technology Center Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd
- Shanghai 200436
- China
| | - He Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi-214122
- China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- WuXi 214122
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38
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Kinetic study of growth, lipid and carotenoid formation in β-carotene producing Rhodotorula glutinis. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Shi S, Zhao H. Metabolic Engineering of Oleaginous Yeasts for Production of Fuels and Chemicals. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2185. [PMID: 29167664 PMCID: PMC5682390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleaginous yeasts have been increasingly explored for production of chemicals and fuels via metabolic engineering. Particularly, there is a growing interest in using oleaginous yeasts for the synthesis of lipid-related products due to their high lipogenesis capability, robustness, and ability to utilize a variety of substrates. Most of the metabolic engineering studies in oleaginous yeasts focused on Yarrowia that already has plenty of genetic engineering tools. However, recent advances in systems biology and synthetic biology have provided new strategies and tools to engineer those oleaginous yeasts that have naturally high lipid accumulation but lack genetic tools, such as Rhodosporidium, Trichosporon, and Lipomyces. This review highlights recent accomplishments in metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeasts and recent advances in the development of genetic engineering tools in oleaginous yeasts within the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Science and Engineering Institutes, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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40
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Ganatsios V, Koutinas AA, Bekatorou A, Panagopoulos V, Banat IM, Terpou A, Kopsahelis N. Porous cellulose as promoter of oil production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi using mixed agroindustrial wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:629-634. [PMID: 28810217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced single cell oil (SCO) production by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi DSM 70296, immobilised on delignified porous cellulose, is reported. Pure glucose media were initially used. The effects of substrate pH and treatment temperature were evaluated, showing that 30°C and pH 5.0 were the optimum conditions for SCO production by the immobilised yeast. The immobilisation technique led to increased lipid accumulation and cell growth by 44% and 8%, respectively, in the glucose media, compared to free cells in suspension. This positive effect was also shown when low concentration mixed agro-industrial waste suspensions were used as substrates, leading to 85% enhanced SCO production in comparison with free cells. Higher fatty acid (HFA) analysis showed that yeast immobilisation led to increased formation of unsaturated HFAs (6%) and reduced saturated HFAs (5%) compared to free cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Ganatsios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, 661 00 Kavala, Greece
| | | | - Argyro Bekatorou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | | | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, BT52 1SA Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Antonia Terpou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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41
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Kuttiraja M, Dhouha A, Tyagi RD. Harnessing the Effect of pH on Lipid Production in Batch Cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1332-1346. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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42
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Chen Z, Wan C. Non-sterile fermentations for the economical biochemical conversion of renewable feedstocks. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1765-1777. [PMID: 28905262 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy reliance on petroleum-based products drives continuous exploitation of fossil fuels, and results in serious environmental and climate problems. To address such an issue, there is a shift from petroleum sources to renewable ones. Biochemical conversion via fermentation is a primary platform for converting renewable sources to biofuels and bulk chemicals. In order to provide cost-competitive alternatives, it is imperative to develop efficient, cost-saving, and robust fermentation processes. Non-sterile fermentation offers several benefits compared to sterile fermentation, including elimination of sterility, reduced maintenance requirements, relatively simple bioreactor design, and simplified operation. Thus, cost effectiveness of non-sterile fermentation makes it a practical platform for low cost, large volume production of biofuels and bulk chemicals. Many approaches have been developed to conduct non-sterile fermentation without sacrificing the yields and productivities of fermentation products. This review focuses on the strategies for conducting non-sterile fermentation. The challenges facing non-sterile fermentation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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43
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Selvakumar P, Sivashanmugam P. Thermo-chemo-sonic pre-digestion of waste activated sludge for yeast cultivation to extract lipids for biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 198:90-98. [PMID: 28453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low cost biosynthesis of microbial lipids are an efficient feedstock to replace plant based oil for biodiesel production. The present study objective is to explore the effect of thermo-chemo-sonic pre-digestion of municipal Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) to cultivate oleaginous L. starkeyi MTCC-1400 as a model organism to produce high yield biomass and lipid. Higher Suspended Solids (SS) reduction (20 and 15.71%) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) solubilization (27.6 and 22.3%) were achieved at a Specific Energy (SE) input of 5569 kJ/kg for WAS digested with NaOH and KOH, respectively. The maximum biomass of 17.52 g L-1 and lipid 64.3% dwt were attained in NaOH pre-digested sample. The analyzed lipid profile exhibited high content of palmitic acid (45.6%) and oleic acid (38.7%) which are more suitable for biofuel production. Thus, these results strongly motivate the use of pre-digested WAS as an efficient and economical substrate for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Selvakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
| | - P Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India.
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Xu Q, Knoshaug EP, Wang W, Alahuhta M, Baker JO, Yang S, Vander Wall T, Decker SR, Himmel ME, Zhang M, Wei H. Expression and secretion of fungal endoglucanase II and chimeric cellobiohydrolase I in the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:126. [PMID: 28738851 PMCID: PMC5525229 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipomyces starkeyi is one of the leading lipid-producing microorganisms reported to date; its genetic transformation was only recently reported. Our aim is to engineer L. starkeyi to serve in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) to produce lipid or fatty acid-related biofuels directly from abundant and low-cost lignocellulosic substrates. Results To evaluate L. starkeyi in this role, we first conducted a genome analysis, which revealed the absence of key endo- and exocellulases in this yeast, prompting us to select and screen four signal peptides for their suitability for the overexpression and secretion of cellulase genes. To compensate for the cellulase deficiency, we chose two prominent cellulases, Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase II (EG II) and a chimeric cellobiohydrolase I (TeTrCBH I) formed by fusion of the catalytic domain from Talaromyces emersonii CBH I with the linker peptide and cellulose-binding domain from T. reesei CBH I. The systematically tested signal peptides included three peptides from native L. starkeyi and one from Yarrowia lipolytica. We found that all four signal peptides permitted secretion of active EG II. We also determined that three of these signal peptides worked for expression of the chimeric CBH I; suggesting that our design criteria for selecting these signal peptides was effective. Encouragingly, the Y. lipolytica signal peptide was able to efficiently guide secretion of the chimeric TeTrCBH I protein from L. starkeyi. The purified chimeric TeTrCBH I showed high activity against the cellulose in pretreated corn stover and the purified EG II showed high endocellulase activity measured by the CELLG3 (Megazyme) method. Conclusions Our results suggest that L. starkeyi is capable of expressing and secreting core fungal cellulases. Moreover, the purified EG II and chimeric TeTrCBH I displayed significant and potentially useful enzymatic activities, demonstrating that engineered L. starkeyi has the potential to function as an oleaginous CBP strain for biofuel production. The effectiveness of the tested secretion signals will also benefit future secretion of other heterologous proteins in L. starkeyi and, given the effectiveness of the cross-genus secretion signal, possibly other oleaginous yeasts as well. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0742-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Eric P Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Markus Alahuhta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - John O Baker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Shihui Yang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Todd Vander Wall
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stephen R Decker
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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45
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Chen Z, Wan C. Effects of Salts Contained in Lignocellulose-Derived Sugar Streams on Microbial Lipid Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:1362-1374. [PMID: 28528384 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at developing low-cost, robust non-sterile fermentation processes for microbial lipid production from lignocellulose-derived sugars. Three representative oleaginous yeasts, Lipomyces tetrasporus (NRRL Y-11562), Rhodotorula toruloides (NRRL Y-1091), and Yarrowia lipolytica (NRRL YB-437), were tested for lipid production via non-sterile fermentation. Under optimal non-sterile conditions, all the tested strains had good performance on salt tolerance and lipid production. L. tetrasporus (NRRL Y-11562) gave the highest lipid titer of 12.79 g/L along with the depletion of both glucose and xylose, while Y. lipolytica (NRRL YB-437) showed the lowest lipid production and limited capability of xylose utilization. The key factors, including inoculation size, initial pH, and salt, all contributed to successful non-sterile fermentation. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to perform both sterile and non-sterile fermentation for lipid production using salt-containing lignocellulose-derived sugar streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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46
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Shi K, Gao Z, Shi TQ, Song P, Ren LJ, Huang H, Ji XJ. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Cellular Stress Response and Lipid Accumulation in Oleaginous Microorganisms: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:793. [PMID: 28507542 PMCID: PMC5410592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial oils, which are mainly extracted from yeasts, molds, and algae, have been of considerable interest as food additives and biofuel resources due to their high lipid content. While these oleaginous microorganisms generally produce only small amounts of lipids under optimal growth conditions, their lipid accumulation machinery can be induced by environmental stresses, such as nutrient limitation and an inhospitable physical environmental. As common second messengers of many stress factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may act as a regulator of cellular responses to extracellular environmental signaling. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that ROS may act as a mediator of lipid accumulation, which is associated with dramatic changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. However, the specific mechanisms of ROS involvement in the crosstalk between extracellular stress signaling and intracellular lipid synthesis require further investigation. Here, we summarize current knowledge on stress-induced lipid biosynthesis and the putative role of ROS in the control of lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. Understanding such links may provide guidance for the development of stress-based strategies to enhance microbial lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China.,Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing, China
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47
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Probst KV, Vadlani PV. Single cell oil production by Lipomyces starkeyi: Biphasic fed-batch fermentation strategy providing glucose for growth and xylose for oil production. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Lorenz E, Runge D, Marbà-Ardébol AM, Schmacht M, Stahl U, Senz M. Systematic development of a two-stage fed-batch process for lipid accumulation in Rhodotorula glutinis. J Biotechnol 2017; 246:4-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Xavier M, Coradini A, Deckmann A, Franco T. Lipid production from hemicellulose hydrolysate and acetic acid by Lipomyces starkeyi and the ability of yeast to metabolize inhibitors. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Tsouko E, Kachrimanidou V, dos Santos AF, do Nascimento Vitorino Lima ME, Papanikolaou S, de Castro AM, Freire DMG, Koutinas AA. Valorization of By-Products from Palm Oil Mills for the Production of Generic Fermentation Media for Microbial Oil Synthesis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1241-1256. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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