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Tee PYE, Krishnan T, Cheong XT, Maniam SAP, Looi CY, Ooi YY, Chua CLL, Fung SY, Chia AYY. A review on the cultivation, bioactive compounds, health-promoting factors and clinical trials of medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus and Tropicoporus linteus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38987829 PMCID: PMC11238383 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-024-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, such as Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus, and Tropicoporus linteus, have been used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes and promotion of overall health in China and many East Asian countries for centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the large amounts of bioactive constituents (such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds) available in these medicinal mushrooms and their potential therapeutic properties. Due to the rising demand for the health-promoting medicinal mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been explored to combat over-harvesting of the fungi. Evidence of the robust pharmacological properties, including their anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities, have been provided in various studies, where the health-benefiting properties of the medicinal fungi have been further proven through numerous clinical trials. In this review, the cultivation methods, available bioactive constituents, therapeutic properties, and potential uses of T. camphoratus, I. obliquus and T. linteus are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Yon Ern Tee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thiiben Krishnan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Tian Cheong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Snechaa A P Maniam
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Lanza M, Cucinotta L, Casili G, Filippone A, Basilotta R, Capra AP, Campolo M, Paterniti I, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. The Transcription Factor Nrf2 Mediates the Effects of Antrodia camphorata Extract on Neuropathological Changes in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119250. [PMID: 37298200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disorder that is characterized by progressive and selective neuronal injury and cell death. Recent studies have provided accumulating evidence for a significant role of the immune system and neuroinflammation in PD pathogenesis. On this basis, many scientific articles have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of Antrodia camphorata (AC), an edible fungus containing various bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of AC administration on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a murine model of MPTP-induced dopaminergic degeneration. AC (10, 30, 100 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage starting 24 h after the first administration of MPTP, and mice were sacrificed 7 days after MPTP induction. In this study, treatment with AC significantly reduced the alteration of PD hallmarks, increasing tyrosine hydroxylase expression and reducing the number of alpha-synuclein-positive neurons. In addition, AC treatment restored the myelination process of neurons associated with PD and attenuated the neuroinflammatory state. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that AC was able to reduce the oxidative stress induced by MPTP injection. In conclusion, this study highlighted that AC could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rossella Basilotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Kuang Y, Li B, Wang Z, Qiao X, Ye M. Terpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata: chemistry and medicinal potential. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:83-102. [PMID: 32720965 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2020Antrodia camphorata is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan for the treatment of intoxication, liver injury, cancer, and inflammation. Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents, especially terpenoids. Since 1995, a total of 162 terpenoids including triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and steroids have been characterized. The ergostane-type triterpenoids (antcins) and meroterpenoids (antroquinonols) are characteristic constituents of A. camphorata. The terpenoids show anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective activities. This review summarizes the research progress on terpenoids in A. camphorata during 1995-2020, including structural diversity, resources, biosynthesis, pharmacological activities, metabolism, and toxicity. The medicinal potential of the terpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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A Pilot Study to Assess Food Safety and Potential Cholesterol-Lowering Efficacy of Antrodia cinnamomea Solid-State Cultivated Mycelium in Healthy Adults. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5865764. [PMID: 32351598 PMCID: PMC7171625 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5865764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a Taiwanese medicinal mushroom with multiple pharmacological activities. Antrodia cinnamomea solid-state cultivated mycelium (LAC) exerts health-related effects in animal and cell models, but clinical data is limited. This study aimed to determine the safety and effects of LAC on human physiological functions. In an open-label, single-arm study, 32 healthy men and women ingested LAC capsules for three months. The subjects were monitored during the study and one month after the study end-point. LAC consumption did not significantly change fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels or liver and renal function indices. No adverse events occurred during the trial. Moreover, a significant change from baseline in total cholesterol levels was observed; men and women had decreases of 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Based on these, the ingestion of LAC-capsule has a considerable degree of safety and has the potential to reduce total cholesterol in healthy adults.
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Li B, Kuang Y, Zhang M, He JB, Xu LL, Leung CH, Ma DL, Lo JY, Qiao X, Ye M. Cytotoxic triterpenoids fromAntrodia camphorataas sensitizers of paclitaxel. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to discover anticancer triterpenoids from the medicinal fungusAntrodia camphorata, a total of 60 triterpenoids (1–60) including 18 new ones (antcamphins M–X,1–18) were isolated from its dish cultures.
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Teng YN, Wang YH, Wu TS, Hung HY, Hung CC. Zhankuic Acids A, B and C from Taiwanofungus Camphoratus Act as Cytotoxicity Enhancers by Regulating P-Glycoprotein in Multi-Drug Resistant Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120759. [PMID: 31766413 PMCID: PMC6995581 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-related multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the most important unsolved problem in cancer treatment, scientists are attempting to find potential structures from natural resources. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the triterpenoids from Taiwanofungus camphoratus could reverse cancer MDR by influencing P-gp efflux pump. Substrates efflux assay and P-gp ATPase activity assay were conducted to reveal the molecular mechanisms of P-gp inhibition, while SRB assay, cell cycle analyses and apoptosis analyses were performed to confirm the cancer MDR modulating effects. The results indicated that Zhankuic acids A, B and C (ZA-A, ZA-B and ZA-C) impacted P-gp efflux function in competitive, noncompetitive and competitive manners, respectively. Furthermore, these triterpenoids all demonstrated inhibitory patterns on both basal P-gp ATPase activity and verapamil-stimulated ATPase activity. In terms of MDR reversal effects, ZA-A sensitized the P-gp over-expressing cell line (ABCB1/Flp-InTM-293) and MDR cancer cell line (KB/VIN) toward clinically used chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin, paclitaxel and vincristine, exhibiting the best cytotoxicity enhancing ability among investigated triterpenoids. The present study demonstrated that ZA-A, ZA-B and ZA-C, popular triterpenoids from T. camphoratus, effectively modulated the drug efflux transporter P-gp and reversed the cancer MDR issue.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Ergosterol/analogs & derivatives
- Ergosterol/pharmacology
- Fungi/chemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ning Teng
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, 8 Yida Road, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 478 Fuxing Rd., Nantou City, Nantou County 540, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (H.-Y.H.)
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (T.-S.W.); (H.-Y.H.)
| | - Chin-Chuan Hung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-422-053-366 (ext. 5155); Fax: +886-422-078-083
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Antrodia cinnamomea Enhances Chemo-Sensitivity of 5-FU and Suppresses Colon Tumorigenesis and Cancer Stemness via Up-Regulation of Tumor Suppressor miR-142-3p. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080306. [PMID: 31349708 PMCID: PMC6723279 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) regimen remains the backbone of the first-line agent to treat colon cancer, but often these patients develop resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSC's) are considered as one of the key contributors in the development of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. We aimed to provide preclinical evidence for Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), as a potential in suppressing colon cancer CSC's to overcome 5-FU drug-resistant. In-vitro assays including cell viability, colony formation, AC + 5-FU drug combination index and tumor sphere generation were applied to determine the inhibitory effect of AC. Mouse xenograft models also incorporated to evaluate in vivo effect of AC. AC treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and tumor sphere generation. AC also inhibited the expression of oncogenic markers (NF-κB, and C-myc), EMT/metastasis markers (vimentin and MMP3) and stemness associated markers (β-catenin, SOX-2 and Nanog). Sequential treatment of AC and 5-FU synergized and reduces colon cancer viability both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, AC mediated anti-tumor effect was associated with an increased level of tumor suppressor microRNAs especially, miR142-3p. AC can be a potent synergistic adjuvant, down-regulates cancer stemness genes and enhances the antitumor ability of 5-FU by stimulating apoptosis-associated genes, suppressing inflammation and metastasis genes through miR142-3p in colon cancer.
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Ceballos MP, Rigalli JP, Ceré LI, Semeniuk M, Catania VA, Ruiz ML. ABC Transporters: Regulation and Association with Multidrug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Colorectal Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1224-1250. [PMID: 29303075 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180105103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For most cancers, the treatment of choice is still chemotherapy despite its severe adverse effects, systemic toxicity and limited efficacy due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR leads to chemotherapy failure generally associated with a decrease in drug concentration inside cancer cells, frequently due to the overexpression of ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs/ABCCs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2), which limits the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this review is to compile information about transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ABC transporters and discuss their role in mediating MDR in cancer cells. This review also focuses on drug resistance by ABC efflux transporters in cancer cells, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Some aspects of the chemotherapy failure and future directions to overcome this problem are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Ceballos
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucila Inés Ceré
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariana Semeniuk
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Viviana Alicia Catania
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Institute of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Science, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
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Shih YL, Wu MF, Lee CH, Yeh MY, Chou J, Liu JY, Lu HF, Huang YP, Liao NC, Chung JG. Antrodia Cinnamomea Reduces Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity In Male Wister Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:877-884. [PMID: 28882954 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Antrodia cinnamomea is found with polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, fibers and ash (minerals) and is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. Its biological activities have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects, but its protective effects on liver function are still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined if Antrodia cinnamomea was hepatoprotective against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in Wistar rats. Six groups were used in the study: 1) control (no induction by CCl4); 2) negative control (CCl4-induction and no treatment); 3) positive control (silymarin treatment); 4) groups 4-6 were treated with CC14 and different concentrations (350 mg/kg, 1,400 mg/kg, 3,150 mg/kg) of Antrodia cinnamomea. Blood and liver samples of rats were harvested and then detected by biochemical and tissue histochemical analysis. Activity of the antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver were also monitored. RESULTS Only the high-dose treatment was able to decrease serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels and improve liver function. High and medium doses increased total liver protein and reduced hydroxyproline. It was also observed that the high dose treatment reduced lipid peroxidation. Liver sections of CC14 treated animals receiving Antrodia cinnamomea showed less fibrosis compared to the CCl4 control group. CONCLUSION This finding suggested that Antrodia cinnamomea can either enhance liver recovering from CCl4 damage or attenuate CCl4 toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Luen Shih
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Animal Medicine Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Houlong, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yang Yeh
- Departments of Medical Education and Research, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jason Chou
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia-You Liu
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nien-Chieh Liao
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Kan X, Zhang W, You R, Niu Y, Guo J, Xue J. Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract inhibits the tumor growth through down-regulating of Treg cells and manipulating Th1/Th17 immune response in hepatoma H22-bearing mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:41. [PMID: 28086772 PMCID: PMC5237169 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract (SBE) is a potent inhibitor in hepatoma and could improve immune function of hepatoma H22-bearing mice. However, the immunomodulatory function of SBE on the tumor growth of hepatoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of SBE on hepatoma H22-bearing mice and explore the underlying immunomodulatory function. METHODS The hepatoma H22-bearing mice were treated by SBE for 30 days. The effect of SBE on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, the growth of transplanted tumor, the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in spleen, the amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and Th17 cells in tumor tissue, and the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17A, IL-2, and IFN-γ in serum of the hepatoma H22-bearing mice was observered. IL-17A was injected to the SBE treated mice from day 9 post H22 inoculation to examine its effect on tumor growth. RESULTS SBE treatment inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro with a dose-dependent manner and significantly suppressed the tumor growth of hepatoma H22-bearing mice. Meanwhile, it increased NK cells' cytotoxicity in spleen, down-regulated the amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and Th17 cells in tumor tissue, and decreased IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-17A levels (P < 0.01) whereas increased IL-2 and IFN-γ levels (P < 0.01) in the serum of hepatoma H22-bearing mice. Moreover, administration of recombinant mouse IL-17A reversed the anti-tumor effects of SBE. CONCLUSION SBE could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, SBE also could inhibit the growth of H22 implanted tumor in hepatoma H22-bearing mice, and this function might be associated with immunomodulatory activity through down-regulating of Treg cells and manipulating Th1/Th17 immune response.
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Chou KCC, Yang SH, Wu HL, Lin PY, Chang TL, Sheu F, Chen KH, Chiang BH. Biosynthesis of Antroquinonol and 4-Acetylantroquinonol B via a Polyketide Pathway Using Orsellinic Acid as a Ring Precursor in Antrodia cinnamomea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:74-86. [PMID: 28001060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) and 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, have a similar chemical backbone to coenzyme Q (CoQ). Based on the postulation that biosynthesis of both AQ and 4-AAQB in A. cinnamomea starts from the polyketide pathway, we cultivated this fungus in a culture medium containing [U-13C]oleic acid, and then we analyzed the crude extracts of the mycelium using UHPLC-MS. We found that AQ and 4-AAQB follow similar biosynthetic sequences as CoQ. Obvious [13C2] fragments on the ring backbone were detected in the mass spectrum for [13C2]AQ, [13C2]4-AAQB, and their [13C2] intermediates found in this study. The orsellinic acid, formed from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA via the polyketide pathway, was found to be a novel benzoquinone ring precursor for AQ and 4-AAQB. The identification of endogenously synthesized farnesylated intermediates allows us to postulate the routes of AQ and 4-AAQB biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Shang-Han Yang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Lin Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Pei-Yin Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Tsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Fuu Sheu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Kai-Hsien Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Been-Huang Chiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
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Tsai MY, Hung YC, Chen YH, Chen YH, Huang YC, Kao CW, Su YL, Chiu HHE, Rau KM. A preliminary randomised controlled study of short-term Antrodia cinnamomea treatment combined with chemotherapy for patients with advanced cancer. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:322. [PMID: 27565426 PMCID: PMC5002173 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a popular medicinal mushroom in Taiwan that has been widely used for treatment of various cancers. Few clinical studies have reported its application and efficiency in therapeutic chemotherapy strategies. We performed a double-blind, randomized clinical study to investigate whether AC given for 30 days had acceptable safety and efficacy in advanced cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods Patients with advanced and/or metastatic adenocarcinoma, performance status (PS) 0–2, and adequate organ function who had previously been treated with standard chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive routine chemotherapy regimens with AC (20 ml twice daily) orally for 30 days or placebo. The primary endpoint was 6-month overall survival (OS); the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), quality of life (QoL), adverse event (AE), and biochemical features within 30 days of treatment. Results From August 2010 to July 2012, 37 subjects with gastric, lung, liver, breast, and colorectal cancer (17 in the AC group, 20 in the placebo group) were enrolled in the study. Disease progression was the primary cause of death in 4 (33.3 %) AC and 8 (66.7 %) placebo recipients. Mean OSs were 5.4 months for the AC group and 5.0 months for the placebo group (p = 0.340), and the DCRs were 41.2 and 55 %, respectively (p = 0.33). Most hematologic, liver, or kidney functions did not differ significantly between the two groups, but platelet counts were lower in the AC group than in the placebo group (p = 0.02). QoL assessments were similar in the two groups, except that the AC group showed significant improvements in quality of sleep (p = 0.04). Conclusions Although we found a lower mortality rate and longer mean OS in the AC group than in the control group, A. cinnamomea combined with chemotherapy was not shown to improve the outcome of advanced cancer patients, possibly due to the small sample size. In fact, the combination may present a potential risk of lowered platelet counts. Adequately powered clinical trials will be necessary to address this question. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01287286.
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Cheng JJ, Chao CH, Chang PC, Lu MK. Studies on anti-inflammatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides from cultivated fungi Antrodia cinnamomea. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang PY, Hu DN, Liu FS. Cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells by Antrodia camphorata. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1169-80. [PMID: 24117076 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a Chinese herb indigenous to Taiwan. Previous reports demonstrated that it could induce apoptosis in some cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effect of the crude extract of A. camphorata in cervical cancer cells. Two human cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa and C-33A, were treated with extract of A. camphorata (10-1000 μg/mL). We found that A. camphorata extract was cytotoxic to both cervical cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as examined by MTT assay. Treatment with A. camphorata extract at 400 μg/mL induced a 2.3- and 4.4-fold increase in oligonucleosome formation from the cleaved chromosomal DNA in HeLa and C-33A cells, respectively. A. camphorata extract also activated caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities and increased the cytosolic level of cytochrome c in both cell lines as the dosage increased. Furthermore, A. camphorata extract increased expressions of Bak, Bad and Bim, while decreasing expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL of the Bcl-2 family proteins in HeLa and C-33A cells. The expression of IAP proteins, XIAP and survivin, was also decreased in both cervical cancer cells after treatment with A. camphorata. Our in vitro study suggests that A. camphorata is cytotoxic to cervical cancer cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic mechanisms. It could be used as a novel phytotherapeutic agent or auxiliary therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
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The functional influences of common ABCB1 genetic variants on the inhibition of P-glycoprotein by Antrodia cinnamomea extracts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89622. [PMID: 24586917 PMCID: PMC3934917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a traditional healthy food that has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticacer effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the ethanolic extract of A. cinnamomea (EEAC) can affect the efflux function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the effect of ABCB1 genetic variants on the interaction between EEAC and P-gp. To investigate the mechanism of this interaction, Flp-In™-293 cells stably transfected with various genotypes of human P-gp were established and the expression of P-gp was confirmed by Western blot. The results of the rhodamine 123 efflux assay demonstrated that EEAC efficiently inhibited wild-type P-gp function at an IC50 concentration of 1.51 ± 0.08 µg/mL through non-competitive inhibition. The IC50 concentrations for variant-type 1236T-2677T-3435T P-gp and variant-type 1236T-2677A-3435T P-gp were 5.56 ± 0.49 µg/mL and 3.33±0.67 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the inhibition kinetics of EEAC also changed to uncompetitive inhibition in variant-type 1236T-2677A-3435T P-gp. The ATPase assay revealed that EEAC was an ATPase stimulator and was capable of reducing verapamil-induced ATPase levels. These results indicate that EEAC may be a potent P-gp inhibitor and higher dosages may be required in subjects carrying variant-types P-gp. Further studies are required to translate this basic knowledge into clinical applications.
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Chiang CC, Huang TN, Lin YW, Chen KH, Chiang BH. Enhancement of 4-acetylantroquinonol B production by supplementation of its precursor during submerged fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9160-9165. [PMID: 23930581 DOI: 10.1021/jf402187q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferation activity of the ethanol extract of A. cinnamomea mycelium on hepatocellular cancer cells HepG2 was found to be associated with aroma intensity of the broth during fermentation. We hypothesized that some of the volatile compounds are the precursors of the key bioactive component 4-acetylantroquinonol B of this fungus. The major volatile compounds of A. cinnamomea were identified by GC/MS, and they are oct-1-en-3-ol, linalool, methyl phenylacetate, nerolidol, γ-cadinene and 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (TMBA). TMBA and nerolidol were further selected and used as supplements during fermentation. It was found that both of them could increase the production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B and enhance the antiproliferation activity of the fungus. In addition, the TMBA was identified as the most promising supplement for increasing the bioactivity of A. cinnamomea during cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chi Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yang FC, Yang YH, Lu HC. Enhanced antioxidant and antitumor activities of Antrodia cinnamomea cultured with cereal substrates in solid state fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Lu MC, El-Shazly M, Wu TY, Du YC, Chang TT, Chen CF, Hsu YM, Lai KH, Chiu CP, Chang FR, Wu YC. Recent research and development of Antrodia cinnamomea. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 139:124-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 order by 1-- fshb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 1206=cast((chr(113)||chr(107)||chr(118)||chr(112)||chr(113))||(select (case when (1206=1206) then 1 else 0 end))::text||(chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(120)||chr(107)||chr(113)) as numeric)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 1206=cast((chr(113)||chr(107)||chr(118)||chr(112)||chr(113))||(select (case when (1206=1206) then 1 else 0 end))::text||(chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(120)||chr(107)||chr(113)) as numeric)-- nlzm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 order by 1#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 1531=6437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and extractvalue(5942,concat(0x5c,0x716b767071,(select (elt(5942=5942,1))),0x716a786b71))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select (case when (6288=6288) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,6288) end) from dual) is null-- zltl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select (case when (6288=6288) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,6288) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select 2135 from(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(2135=2135,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)-- vkin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 9219=(select (case when (9219=9219) then 9219 else (select 7618 union select 7656) end))-- nukz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select (case when (7454=7454) then null else cast((chr(98)||chr(122)||chr(74)||chr(104)) as numeric) end)) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 2703=2562-- qtan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 4146=concat(char(113)+char(107)+char(118)+char(112)+char(113),(select (case when (4146=4146) then char(49) else char(48) end)),char(113)+char(106)+char(120)+char(107)+char(113))-- nqew] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 or extractvalue(1902,concat(0x5c,0x716b767071,(select (elt(1902=1902,1))),0x716a786b71))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 procedure analyse(extractvalue(3863,concat(0x5c,0x716b767071,(select (case when (3863=3863) then 1 else 0 end)),0x716a786b71)),1)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and row(9026,4069)>(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(9026=9026,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 5914 union select 6422 union select 5633 union select 1465)a group by x)-- fods] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 8147=convert(int,(select char(113)+char(107)+char(118)+char(112)+char(113)+(select (case when (8147=8147) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(106)+char(120)+char(107)+char(113)))-- wnko] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select 2135 from(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(2135=2135,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from information_schema.plugins group by x)a)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 4146=concat(char(113)+char(107)+char(118)+char(112)+char(113),(select (case when (4146=4146) then char(49) else char(48) end)),char(113)+char(106)+char(120)+char(107)+char(113))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 4894=4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 1510=(select (case when (1510=5634) then 1510 else (select 5634 union select 5947) end))-- oqnk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 3346=utl_inaddr.get_host_address(chr(113)||chr(107)||chr(118)||chr(112)||chr(113)||(select (case when (3346=3346) then 1 else 0 end) from dual)||chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(120)||chr(107)||chr(113))-- oadd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 or row(6536,4535)>(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(6536=6536,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 4642 union select 4574 union select 6974 union select 3613)a group by x)-- wbsh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and 4816 in (select (char(113)+char(107)+char(118)+char(112)+char(113)+(select (case when (4816=4816) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(106)+char(120)+char(107)+char(113)))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 or row(6536,4535)>(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(6536=6536,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 4642 union select 4574 union select 6974 union select 3613)a group by x)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 rlike (select (case when (2716=1402) then 0x31302e313138362f313437322d363838322d31332d313530 else 0x28 end))] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select (case when (7454=7454) then null else cast((chr(98)||chr(122)||chr(74)||chr(104)) as numeric) end)) is null-- owwc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 rlike (select (case when (7209=5206) then 0x31302e313138362f313437322d363838322d31332d313530 else 0x28 end))-- dyrm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and row(9026,4069)>(select count(*),concat(0x716b767071,(select (elt(9026=9026,1))),0x716a786b71,floor(rand(0)*2))x from (select 5914 union select 6422 union select 5633 union select 1465)a group by x)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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50
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Dai ZJ, Lu WF, Gao J, Kang HF, Ma YG, Zhang SQ, Diao Y, Lin S, Wang XJ, Wu WY. Anti-angiogenic effect of the total flavonoids in Scutellaria barbata D. Don. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-150 and (select (case when (6911=4280) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,6911) end) from dual) is null-- sshd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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