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Khambhati VH, Abbas HK, Sulyok M, Tomaso-Peterson M, Shier WT. First Report of the Production of Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Isolates from Soybeans ( Glycine max L.) Symptomatic with Charcoal Rot Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E332. [PMID: 33287215 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of soybean, is capable of causing disease in more than 500 other commercially important plants. This fungus produces several secondary metabolites in culture, including (-)-botryodiplodin, phaseolinone and mellein. Given that independent fungal isolates may differ in mycotoxin and secondary metabolite production, we examined a collection of 89 independent M. phaseolina isolates from soybean plants with charcoal rot disease using LC-MS/MS analysis of culture filtrates. In addition to (-)-botryodiplodin and mellein, four previously unreported metabolites were observed in >19% of cultures, including kojic acid (84.3% of cultures at 0.57–79.9 µg/L), moniliformin (61.8% of cultures at 0.011–12.9 µg/L), orsellinic acid (49.4% of cultures at 5.71–1960 µg/L) and cyclo[L-proline-L-tyrosine] (19.1% of cultures at 0.012–0.082 µg/L). In addition, nine previously unreported metabolites were observed at a substantially lower frequency (<5% of cultures), including cordycepin, emodin, endocrocin, citrinin, gliocladic acid, infectopyron, methylorsellinic acid, monocerin and N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine. Further studies are needed to investigate the possible effects of these mycotoxins and metabolites on pathogenesis by M. phaseolina and on food and feed safety, if any of them contaminate the seeds of infected soybean plants.
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Xu XM, Li DY, Hua HM, Li ZL, Liu Q. Two new threitol orsellinates from a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:673-677. [PMID: 28276771 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1228635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new d-threitol orsellinates (1-2) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of a sea mud-derived fungus, Ascotricha sp. ZJ-M-5, cultured in Czapek Dox broth. These two compounds featured in the symmetrical substitution of orsellinic acid or acetic acid, which was established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The characteristic optical rotations enabled the assignment of the absolute configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Mei Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- b School of Traditional Chinese Materia Media , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dan-Yi Li
- b School of Traditional Chinese Materia Media , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Hui-Ming Hua
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- b School of Traditional Chinese Materia Media , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Zhan-Lin Li
- a Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
- b School of Traditional Chinese Materia Media , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Qian Liu
- c School of Pharmacy , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016 , China
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Chou KCC, Yang SH, Wu HL, Lin PY, Chang TL, Sheu F, Chen KH, Chiang BH. Biosynthesis of Antroquinonol and 4-Acetylantroquinonol B via a Polyketide Pathway Using Orsellinic Acid as a Ring Precursor in Antrodia cinnamomea. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:74-86. [PMID: 28001060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) and 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, have a similar chemical backbone to coenzyme Q (CoQ). Based on the postulation that biosynthesis of both AQ and 4-AAQB in A. cinnamomea starts from the polyketide pathway, we cultivated this fungus in a culture medium containing [U-13C]oleic acid, and then we analyzed the crude extracts of the mycelium using UHPLC-MS. We found that AQ and 4-AAQB follow similar biosynthetic sequences as CoQ. Obvious [13C2] fragments on the ring backbone were detected in the mass spectrum for [13C2]AQ, [13C2]4-AAQB, and their [13C2] intermediates found in this study. The orsellinic acid, formed from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA via the polyketide pathway, was found to be a novel benzoquinone ring precursor for AQ and 4-AAQB. The identification of endogenously synthesized farnesylated intermediates allows us to postulate the routes of AQ and 4-AAQB biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chi-Chung Chou
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Shang-Han Yang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Lin Wu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Pei-Yin Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Tsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Fuu Sheu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Kai-Hsien Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
| | - Been-Huang Chiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, ‡Joint Center for Instruments and Researches, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, and §Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan 10617, ROC
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Taura F, Iijima M, Yamanaka E, Takahashi H, Kenmoku H, Saeki H, Morimoto S, Asakawa Y, Kurosaki F, Morita H. A Novel Class of Plant Type III Polyketide Synthase Involved in Orsellinic Acid Biosynthesis from Rhododendron dauricum. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1452. [PMID: 27729920 PMCID: PMC5037138 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron dauricum L. produces daurichromenic acid, the anti-HIV meroterpenoid consisting of sesquiterpene and orsellinic acid (OSA) moieties. To characterize the enzyme responsible for OSA biosynthesis, a cDNA encoding a novel polyketide synthase (PKS), orcinol synthase (ORS), was cloned from young leaves of R. dauricum. The primary structure of ORS shared relatively low identities to those of PKSs from other plants, and the active site of ORS had a unique amino acid composition. The bacterially expressed, recombinant ORS accepted acetyl-CoA as the preferable starter substrate, and produced orcinol as the major reaction product, along with four minor products including OSA. The ORS identified in this study is the first plant PKS that generates acetate-derived aromatic tetraketides, such as orcinol and OSA. Interestingly, OSA production was clearly enhanced in the presence of Cannabis sativa olivetolic acid cyclase, suggesting that the ORS is involved in OSA biosynthesis together with an unidentified cyclase in R. dauricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Taura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Futoshi Taura, Hiroyuki Morita,
| | - Miu Iijima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Eriko Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromichi Kenmoku
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri UniversityTokushima, Japan
| | - Haruna Saeki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asakawa
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Tokushima Bunri UniversityTokushima, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Futoshi Taura, Hiroyuki Morita,
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Abstract
Although bacterial iterative type I polyketide synthases are now known to participate in the biosynthesis of a small set of diverse natural products, the subsequent downstream modification of the resulting polyketide products is poorly understood. We report the functional characterization of the putative orsellinic acid C2-O-methyltransferase, which is involved in calicheamicin biosynthesis. This study suggests that C2-O-methylation precedes C3-hydroxylation/methylation and C5-iodination and requires a coenzyme A- or acyl carrier protein-bound substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanteri Singh
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536 (USA).
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