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Pérez E, Acosta J, Pisabarro V, Cordani M, dos Santos JCS, Sanz-Landaluze J, Gallo J, Bañobre-López M, Fernández-Lucas J. Novel Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy for Cancer Treatment Based on 2'-Deoxyribosyltransferase-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomolecules 2024; 14:894. [PMID: 39199282 PMCID: PMC11352528 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) strategies show promise in mitigating chemotherapy side effects during cancer treatment. Among these, the use of immobilized enzymes on solid matrices as prodrug activating agents (IDEPT) presents a compelling delivery strategy, offering enhanced tumor targeting and reduced toxicity. Herein, we report a novel IDEPT strategy by employing a His-tagged Leishmania mexicana type I 2'-deoxyribosyltransferase (His-LmPDT) covalently attached to glutaraldehyde-activated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs). Among the resulting derivatives, PDT-MIONP3 displayed the most favorable catalyst load/retained activity ratio, prompting its selection for further investigation. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that PDT-MIONP3 effectively hydrolyzed a diverse array of 6-oxo and/or 6-amino purine 2'-deoxynucleosides, including 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (dFAdo) and 6-methylpurine-2'-deoxyribose (d6MetPRib), both well-known prodrugs commonly used in DEPT. The biophysical characterization of both MIONPs and PDT-MIONPs was conducted by TEM, DLS, and single particle ICPMS techniques, showing an ideal nanosized range and a zeta potential value of -47.9 mV and -78.2 mV for MIONPs and PDT-MIONPs, respectively. The intracellular uptake of MIONPs and PDT-MIONPs was also determined by TEM and single particle ICPMS on HeLa cancer cell lines and NIH3T3 normal cell lines, showing a higher intracellular uptake in tumor cells. Finally, the selectivity of the PDT-MIONP/dFAdo IDEPT system was tested on HeLa cells (24 h, 10 µM dFAdo), resulting in a significant reduction in tumoral cell survival (11% of viability). Based on the experimental results, PDT-MIONP/dFAdo presents a novel and alternative IDEPT strategy, providing a promising avenue for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pérez
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (E.P.); (J.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Javier Acosta
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (E.P.); (J.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Victor Pisabarro
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (E.P.); (J.A.); (V.P.)
| | - Marco Cordani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C. de José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José C. S. dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil;
| | - Jon Sanz-Landaluze
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Gallo
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.G.); (M.B.-L.)
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (J.G.); (M.B.-L.)
| | - Jesús Fernández-Lucas
- Applied Biotechnology Group, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Urbanización El Bosque, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (E.P.); (J.A.); (V.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, C. de José Antonio Novais, 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Naturales y Exactas—GICNEX, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Liu Q, Ma H. Cancer biotherapy: review and prospect. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38801637 PMCID: PMC11130057 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Malignant tumors pose a grave threat to the quality of human life. The prevalence of malignant tumors in China is steadily rising. Presently, clinical interventions encompass surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmaceutical therapy in isolation or combination. Nonetheless, these modalities fail to completely eradicate malignant tumor cells, frequently leading to metastasis and recurrence. Conversely, tumor biotherapy has emerged as an encouraging fourth approach in preventing and managing malignant tumors owing to its safety, efficacy, and minimal adverse effects. Currently, a range of tumor biotherapy techniques are employed, including gene therapy, tumor vaccines, monoclonal antibody therapy, cancer stem cell therapy, cytokine therapy, and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. This study aims to comprehensively review the latest developments in biological treatments for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 56300, Zunyi, China
| | - Hu Ma
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 56300, Zunyi, China.
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Yao X, Xu Z, Duan C, Zhang Y, Wu X, Wu H, Liu K, Mao X, Li B, Gao Y, Xu H, Wang X. Role of human papillomavirus and associated viruses in bladder cancer: An updated review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29088. [PMID: 37706751 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex disease affecting the urinary system and is regulated by several carcinogenic factors. Viral infection is one such factor that has attracted extensive attention in BC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and although multiple researchers have explored the role of HPV in BC, a consensus has not yet been reached. In addition, HPV-associated viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, BK virus, and JC virus) appear to be responsible for the occurrence and progression of BC. This study systematically reviews the relationship between HPV-associated viruses and BC to elucidate the role of these viruses in the onset and progression of BC. In addition, the study aims to provide a greater insight into the biology of HPV-associated viruses, and assess potential strategies for treating virus-induced BC. The study additionally focuses on the rapid development of oncolytic viruses that provide a potentially novel option for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Yao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huahui Wu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiongmin Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Microbial cytosine deaminase is a programmable anticancer prodrug mediating enzyme: antibody, and gene directed enzyme prodrug therapy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10660. [PMID: 36164544 PMCID: PMC9508425 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine deaminase (CDA) is a non-mammalian enzyme with powerful activity in mediating the prodrug 5-fluorcytosine (5-FC) into toxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as an alternative directed approach for the traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies of cancer. This enzyme has been frequently reported and characterized from various microorganisms. The therapeutic strategy of 5-FC-CDA involves the administration of CDA followed by the prodrug 5-FC injection to generate cytotoxic 5-FU. The antiproliferative activity of CDA-5-FC elaborates from the higher activity of uracil pathway in tumor cells than normal ones. The main challenge of the therapeutic drug 5-FU are the short half-life, lack of selectivity and emergence of the drug resistance, consistently to the other chemotherapies. So, mediating the 5-FU to the tumor cells by CDA is one of the most feasible approaches to direct the drug to the tumor cells, reducing its toxic effects and improving their pharmacokinetic properties. Nevertheless, the catalytic efficiency, stability, antigenicity and targetability of CDA-5-FC, are the major challenges that limit the clinical application of this approach. Thus, exploring the biochemical properties of CDA from various microorganisms, as well as the approaches for localizing the system of CDA-5-FC to the tumor cells via the antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) and gene directed prodrug therapy (GDEPT) were the objectives of this review. Finally, the perspectives for increasing the therapeutic efficacy, and targetability of the CDA-5-FC system were described.
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Alekseenko IV, Pleshkan VV, Kuzmich AI, Kondratieva SA, Sverdlov ED. Gene-Immune Therapy of Cancer: Approaches and Problems. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hamidi-Sofiani V, Rakhshi R, Moradi N, Zeynali P, Nakhaie M, Behboudi E. Oncolytic viruses and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 31:100563. [PMID: 35460973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today, the pancreatic cancer prognosis is poor and genetic technology is developing to treat various types of cancers. Scientists are actively looking for a new technique to design a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic cancer. Several oncolytic viruses are known to be valuable tools for pancreatic cancer treatment. Recent Studies demonstrate their effectiveness and safety in various administration routes such as direct intratumoral, intracutaneous, intravascular, and other routes. METHOD In this study, all studies conducted in the past 20 years have been reviewed. Reputable scientific databases including Irandoc, Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed, are searched for the keywords of Pancreatic cancer, oncolytic, viruses and treatment and the latest information about them is obtained. RESULTS Engineering the oncolytic viruses' genome and insertion of intended transgenes including cytokines or shRNAs, has caused promising promotions in pancreatic cancer treatment. Some oncolytic viruses inhibit tumors directly and some through activation of immune responses. CONCLUSION This approach showed some signs of success in efficiency like immune system activation in the tumor environment, effective virus targeting in the tumor cells by systemic administration, and enhanced patient survival in comparison with the control group. But of course, until now, using these oncolytic viruses alone has not been effective in elimination of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Rakhshi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Niloufar Moradi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parisa Zeynali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Science, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Emad Behboudi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Interrogation of the Structure–Activity Relationship of a Lipophilic Nitroaromatic Prodrug Series Designed for Cancer Gene Therapy Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020185. [PMID: 35215297 PMCID: PMC8877822 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PR-104A is a dual hypoxia/nitroreductase gene therapy prodrug by virtue of its ability to undergo either one- or two-electron reduction to its cytotoxic species. It has been evaluated extensively in pre-clinical GDEPT studies, yet off-target human aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3-mediated activation has limited its use. Re-evaluation of this chemical scaffold has previously identified SN29176 as an improved hypoxia-activated prodrug analogue of PR-104A that is free from AKR1C3 activation. However, optimization of the bystander effect of SN29176 is required for use in a GDEPT setting to compensate for the non-uniform distribution of therapeutic gene transfer that is often observed with current gene therapy vectors. A lipophilic series of eight analogues were synthesized from commercially available 3,4-difluorobenzaldehyde. Calculated octanol-water partition coefficients (LogD7.4) spanned > 2 orders of magnitude. 2D anti-proliferative and 3D multicellular layer assays were performed using isogenic HCT116 cells expressing E. coli NfsA nitroreductase (NfsA_Ec) or AKR1C3 to determine enzyme activity and measure bystander effect. A variation in potency for NfsA_Ec was observed, while all prodrugs appeared AKR1C3-resistant by 2D assay. However, 3D assays indicated that increasing prodrug lipophilicity correlated with increased AKR1C3 activation and NfsA_Ec activity, suggesting that metabolite loss from the cell of origin into media during 2D monolayer assays could mask cytotoxicity. Three prodrugs were identified as bono fide AKR1C3-negative candidates whilst maintaining activity with NfsA_Ec. These were converted to their phosphate ester pre-prodrugs before being taken forward into in vivo therapeutic efficacy studies. Ultimately, 2-(5-(bis(2-bromoethyl)amino)-4-(ethylsulfonyl)-N-methyl-2-nitrobenzamido)ethyl dihydrogen phosphate possessed a significant 156% improvement in median survival in mixed NfsA_Ec/WT tumors compared to untreated controls (p = 0.005), whilst still maintaining hypoxia selectivity comparable to PR-104A.
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Alekseenko I, Kuzmich A, Kondratyeva L, Kondratieva S, Pleshkan V, Sverdlov E. Step-by-Step Immune Activation for Suicide Gene Therapy Reinforcement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179376. [PMID: 34502287 PMCID: PMC8430744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-directed enzyme prodrug gene therapy (GDEPT) theoretically represents a useful method to carry out chemotherapy for cancer with minimal side effects through the formation of a chemotherapeutic agent inside cancer cells. However, despite great efforts, promising preliminary results, and a long period of time (over 25 years) since the first mention of this method, GDEPT has not yet reached the clinic. There is a growing consensus that optimal cancer therapies should generate robust tumor-specific immune responses. The advent of checkpoint immunotherapy has yielded new highly promising avenues of study in cancer therapy. For such therapy, it seems reasonable to use combinations of different immunomodulators alongside traditional methods, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as GDEPT. In this review, we focused on non-viral gene immunotherapy systems combining the intratumoral production of toxins diffused by GDEPT and immunomodulatory molecules. Special attention was paid to the applications and mechanisms of action of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM–CSF), a cytokine that is widely used but shows contradictory effects. Another method to enhance the formation of stable immune responses in a tumor, the use of danger signals, is also discussed. The process of dying from GDEPT cancer cells initiates danger signaling by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that exert immature dendritic cells by increasing antigen uptake, maturation, and antigen presentation to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. We hypothesized that the combined action of this danger signal and GM–CSF issued from the same dying cancer cell within a limited space would focus on a limited pool of immature dendritic cells, thus acting synergistically and enhancing their maturation and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte attraction potential. We also discuss the problem of enhancing the cancer specificity of the combined GDEPT–GM–CSF–danger signal system by means of artificial cancer specific promoters or a modified delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alekseenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.P.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Oncogynecology and Mammology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Alexey Kuzmich
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.P.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Liya Kondratyeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sofia Kondratieva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Victor Pleshkan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.P.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Eugene Sverdlov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (E.S.)
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Ding Y, Wang C, Sun Z, Wu Y, You W, Mao Z, Wang W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engineered by Nonviral Vectors: A Powerful Tool in Cancer Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060913. [PMID: 34205513 PMCID: PMC8235299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their "tumor homing" and "immune privilege" characteristics, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a novel tool against cancer. MSCs are genetically engineered in vitro and then utilized to deliver tumoricidal agents, including prodrugs and bioactive molecules, to tumors. The genetic modification of MSCs can be achieved by various vectors, and in most cases viral vectors are used; however, viruses may be associated with carcinogenesis and immunogenicity, restricting their clinical translational potential. As such, nonviral vectors have emerged as a potential solution to address these limitations and have gradually attracted increasing attention. In this review, we briefly revisit the current knowledge about MSC-based cancer gene therapy. Then, we summarize the advantages and challenges of nonviral vectors for MSC transfection. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the development of new nonviral vectors, which have provided promising strategies to overcome obstacles in the gene modulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingsheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wanlu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory, Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-15168215834 (Z.M.); +86-0571-87783820 (W.W.)
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-15168215834 (Z.M.); +86-0571-87783820 (W.W.)
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Jacobs AH, Schelhaas S, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Winkeler A, Zinnhardt B, Gelovani J. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Tockary TA, Foo W, Dirisala A, Chen Q, Uchida S, Osawa S, Mochida Y, Liu X, Kinoh H, Cabral H, Osada K, Kataoka K. Single-Stranded DNA-Packaged Polyplex Micelle as Adeno-Associated-Virus-Inspired Compact Vector to Systemically Target Stroma-Rich Pancreatic Cancer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:12732-12742. [PMID: 31647640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rigidity of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), its packaging is used to construct nonviral gene carriers due to its availability and the importance of its double-helix to elicit transcription. However, there is an increasing demand for more compact-sized carriers to facilitate tissue penetration, which may be easily fulfilled by using the more flexible single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as an alternative template. Inspired by the adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a prime example of a transcriptionally active ssDNA system, we considered a methodology that can capture unpaired ssDNA within the polyplex micelle system (PM), an assembly of DNA and poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lysine) (PEG-PLys). A micellar assembly retaining unpaired ssDNA was prepared by unpairing linearized pDNA with heat and performing polyion complexation on site with PEG-PLys. The PM thus formed had a compact and spherical shape, which was distinguishable from the rod-shaped PM formed from dsDNA, and still retained its ability to activate gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that its capacity to encapsulate DNA was much higher than AAV, thereby potentially allowing the delivery of a larger variety of protein-encoding DNA. These features permit the ssDNA-loaded PM to easily penetrate the size-restricting stromal barrier after systemic application. Further, they can elicit gene expression in tumor cell nests of an intractable pancreatic cancer mouse model to achieve antitumor effects through suicide gene therapy. Thus, single-stranded DNA-packaged PM is appealing as a potential gene vector to tackle intractable diseases, particularly those with target delivery issues due to size-restriction barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilus A Tockary
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Wanling Foo
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Qixian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Shigehito Osawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Tokyo University of Science , 1-3 Kagurazaka , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Xueying Liu
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kinoh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiology Science and Technology , 4-9-1 Anagawa , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , Tonomachi 3-25-14 , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
- Institute for Future Initiatives , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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Kazlauskas A, Darinskas A, Meškys R, Tamašauskas A, Urbonavičius J. Isocytosine deaminase Vcz as a novel tool for the prodrug cancer therapy. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:197. [PMID: 30832616 PMCID: PMC6399854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cytosine deaminase (CD)/5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) system is among the best explored enzyme/prodrug systems in the field of the suicide gene therapy. Recently, by the screening of the environmental metagenomic libraries we identified a novel isocytosine deaminase (ICD), termed Vcz, which is able of specifically converting a prodrug 5-fluoroisocytosine (5-FIC) into toxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The aim of this study is to test the applicability of the ICD Vcz / 5-FIC pair as a potential suicide gene therapy tool. Methods Vcz-expressing human glioblastoma U87 and epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells were treated with 5-FIC, and the Vcz-mediated cytotoxicity was evaluated by performing an MTT assay. In order to examine anti-tumor effects of the Vcz/5-FIC system in vivo, murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were transduced with the Vcz-coding lentivirus and co-injected with 5-FIC or control reagents into subcutaneous GL261 tumors evoked in C57/BL6 mice. Results 5-FIC alone showed no significant toxic effects on U87 and Caco-2 cells at 100 μM concentration, whereas the number of cells of both cell lines that express Vcz cytosine deaminase gene decreased by approximately 60% in the presence of 5-FIC. The cytotoxic effects on cells were also induced by media collected from Vcz-expressing cells pre-treated with 5-FIC. The co-injection of the Vcz-transduced mesenchymal stem cells and 5-FIC have been shown to augment tumor necrosis and increase longevity of tumorized mice by 50% in comparison with control group animals. Conclusions We have confirmed that the novel ICD Vcz together with the non-toxic prodrug 5-FIC has a potential of being a new enzyme/prodrug system for suicide gene therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5409-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas Kazlauskas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Adas Darinskas
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu Str. 1, LT-08660, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arimantas Tamašauskas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurooncology, Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jaunius Urbonavičius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al.7, LT-10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio al.11, LT-10221, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Abstract
Suicide gene therapy induced by the Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) system has been utilized to successfully treat various cancers. We describe TransfeX-mediated transfection of pCMV.Luc into HeLa cervical carcinoma and HSC-3, FaDu, and H357 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines in the presence of 10% serum. This method has proved to be highly efficient, with low nonspecific cytotoxicity. The plasmid pNGVL1-tk encoding HSV-tk under the control of the CMV promoter was delivered to the cells in vitro via TransfeX, a cationic liposomal reagent, followed by treatment with ganciclovir. The Alamar Blue cell viability assay was used to determine levels of the suicide effect.
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Dual-vector prodrug activator gene therapy using retroviral replicating vectors. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:128-135. [PMID: 30348946 PMCID: PMC6760537 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral replicating vectors (RRVs) have been shown to achieve efficient tumor transduction and enhanced therapeutic benefits in a variety of cancer models. In the present study, we evaluated a possible combinatorial effect of prodrug activator genes delivered by two different RRVs derived from amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Both RRVs showed efficient replicative spread in culture and can overcame superinfection resistance each other. Notably, the replication and spread of each RRV in culture remained unaffected by pretransduction with the counterpart RRV. We further transduced cells with RRVs which individually possessed the prodrug activator genes yeast cytosine deaminase (CD) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) alone or in combination, and evaluated the cytotoxic effects of RRV-mediated gene therapy with CD and TK in the presence of the respective prodrugs, 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir. All combinations of the two prodrug activator genes produced synergistic cytocidal effects, but the combined effects of the different genes were significantly greater than those of the same genes when delivered by two different vectors. The present findings indicate the potential utility of dual-vector gene therapy using two different RRVs carrying different prodrug activator genes.
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Cytotoxic response of 5-fluorouracil-resistant cells to gene- and cell-directed enzyme/prodrug treatment. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:285-299. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Neyrinck K, Breuls N, Holvoet B, Oosterlinck W, Wolfs E, Vanbilloen H, Gheysens O, Duelen R, Gsell W, Lambrichts I, Himmelreich U, Verfaillie CM, Sampaolesi M, Deroose CM. The human somatostatin receptor type 2 as an imaging and suicide reporter gene for pluripotent stem cell-derived therapy of myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2799-2813. [PMID: 29774076 PMCID: PMC5957010 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are being investigated as a cell source for regenerative medicine since they provide an infinitive pool of cells that are able to differentiate towards every cell type of the body. One possible therapeutic application involves the use of these cells to treat myocardial infarction (MI), a condition where billions of cardiomyocytes (CMs) are lost. Although several protocols have been developed to differentiate PSCs towards CMs, none of these provide a completely pure population, thereby still posing a risk for neoplastic teratoma formation. Therefore, we developed a strategy to (i) monitor cell behavior noninvasively via site-specific integration of firefly luciferase (Fluc) and the human positron emission tomography (PET) imaging reporter genes, sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) and somatostatin receptor type 2 (hSSTr2), and (ii) perform hSSTr2-mediated suicide gene therapy via the clinically used radiopharmacon 177Lu-DOTATATE. Methods: Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were gene-edited via zinc finger nucleases to express Fluc and either hNIS or hSSTr2 in the safe harbor locus, adeno-associated virus integration site 1. Firstly, these cells were exposed to 4.8 MBq 177Lu-DOTATATE in vitro and cell survival was monitored via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Afterwards, hNIS+ and hSSTr2+ ESCs were transplanted subcutaneously and teratomas were allowed to form. At day 59, baseline 124I and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET and BLI scans were performed. The day after, animals received either saline or 55 MBq 177Lu-DOTATATE. Weekly BLI scans were performed, accompanied by 124I and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans at days 87 and 88, respectively. Finally, hSSTr2+ ESCs were differentiated towards CMs and transplanted intramyocardially in the border zone of an infarct that was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. After transplantation, the animals were monitored via BLI and PET, while global cardiac function was evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Teratoma growth of both hNIS+ and hSSTr2+ ESCs could be followed noninvasively over time by both PET and BLI. After 177Lu-DOTATATE administration, successful cell killing of the hSSTr2+ ESCs was achieved both in vitro and in vivo, indicated by reductions in total tracer lesion uptake, BLI signal and teratoma volume. As undifferentiated hSSTr2+ ESCs are not therapeutically relevant, they were differentiated towards CMs and injected in immune-deficient mice with a MI. Long-term cell survival could be monitored without uncontrolled cell proliferation. However, no improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction was observed. Conclusion: We developed isogenic hSSTr2-expressing ESCs that allow noninvasive cell monitoring in the context of PSC-derived regenerative therapy. Furthermore, we are the first to use the hSSTr2 not only as an imaging reporter gene, but also as a suicide mechanism for radionuclide therapy in the setting of PSC-derived cell treatment.
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Zhang X, Li X, You Q, Zhang X. Prodrug strategy for cancer cell-specific targeting: A recent overview. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:542-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Meng P, Dong QC, Tan GG, Wen WH, Wang H, Zhang G, Wang YZ, Jing YM, Wang C, Qin WJ, Yuan JL. Anti-tumor effects of a recombinant anti-prostate specific membrane antigen immunotoxin against prostate cancer cells. BMC Urol 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28193277 PMCID: PMC5307788 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate anti-prostate cancer effects of a chimeric tumor-targeted killer protein. Methods We established a novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, composed of NH2-terminal leader sequence fused with an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody (J591), the furin cleavage sequences of diphtheria toxin (Fdt), and the reverse coding sequences of the large and small subunits of caspase-3 (revcaspase-3). The expressing level of the immunocasp-3 gene was evaluated by using the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell viability assay and cytotoxicity assay were used to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in vitro. Apoptosis was confirmed by electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effects of immunocasp-3 were assessed in nude mice xenograft models containing PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells. Results This study shows that the immunocasp-3 proteins selectively recognized and induced apoptotic death in PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells in vitro, where apoptotic cells were present in 15.3% of the cells transfected with the immunocasp-3 expression vector at 48 h after the transfection, in contrast to 5.5% in the control cells. Moreover, LNCaP cells were significantly killed under the condition of the co-culture of the immunocasp-3-secreting Jurkat cells and more than 50% of the LNCaP cells died when the two cell lines were co-cultured within 5 days. In addition, The expression of immunocasp-3 also significantly suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged the animal survival rate in vivo. Conclusion A novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, may represent a viable approach to treating PSMA-positive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Peoples' Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Guo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ming Jing
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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iPS-derived MSCs from an expandable bank to deliver a prodrug-converting enzyme that limits growth and metastases of human breast cancers. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:16064. [PMID: 28179988 PMCID: PMC5292869 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One attractive strategy to treat cancers is to deliver an exogenous enzyme that will convert a non-toxic compound to a highly toxic derivative. The strategy was tested with viral vectors but was disappointing because the efficiency of transduction into tumor cells was too low. Recent reports demonstrated that the limitation can be addressed by using tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to deliver enzyme/prodrug systems that kill adjacent cancer cells through bystander effects. Here we addressed the limitation that tissue-derived MSCs vary in their properties and are difficult to generate in the large numbers needed for clinical applications. We prepared a Feeder Stock of MSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs) that provided an extensively expandable source of standardized cells. We then transduced the iPS-derived MSCs to express cytosine deaminase and injected them locally into a mouse xenogeneic model of human breast cancer. After administration of the prodrug (5-fluorocytosine), the transduced iPS-MSCs both limited growth of preformed tumors and decreased lung metastases.
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Li S, Ou M, Wang G, Tang L. Application of conditionally replicating adenoviruses in tumor early diagnosis technology, gene-radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8325-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Toro L, Bohovic R, Matuskova M, Smolkova B, Kucerova L. Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Can Be Efficiently Treated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1640-1651. [PMID: 27539058 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to late diagnosis, often recurrence, formation of metastases and resistance to commonly used chemotherapeutics human ovarian carcinoma represents a serious disease with high mortality. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSC) can serve as vehicles for therapeutic genes and we engineered AT-MSC to express either Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk-MSC), which phosphorylates ganciclovir (GCV) to its toxic metabolites or yeast fused cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD::UPRT-MSC), which converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to highly toxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Here, we reported different responses of cytotoxicity mediated by CD::UPRT-MSC/5-FC treatment on human ovarian carcinoma cell lines-SKOV-3 and A2780 used in adherent or three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and we proved high potential of 3D model to predict results in our in vivo experiments. Both tumor cell lines showed similarly high chemosensitivity to the used treatment in adherent culture, but 3D model revealed severe discrepancy-only 36% of SKOV-3 cells but even 90% of A2780 cells were eliminated. This result served as a prognostic marker-we were able to achieve significantly decreased tumor volumes of subcutaneous xenografts of A2780 cells in nude mice and we prolonged tumor-free survival in 33% of animals bearing highly metastatic ovarian carcinoma after CD::UPRT-MSC/5-FC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Toro
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bohovic
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- 2 Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute , Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Hojeij R, Domingos-Pereira S, Nkosi M, Gharbi D, Derré L, Schiller JT, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Immunogenic Human Papillomavirus Pseudovirus-Mediated Suicide-Gene Therapy for Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071125. [PMID: 27428950 PMCID: PMC4964499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common urological malignancy in the world. In 70% of cases it is initially diagnosed as non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and it is amenable to local treatments, with intravesical (IVES) Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy being routinely used after transurethral resection of the lesion. However, this treatment is associated with significant side-effects and treatment failures, highlighting the necessity of novel strategies. One potent approach is the suicide-gene mediated therapy/prodrug combination, provided tumor-specificity can be ensured and anti-tumor immune responses induced. Using the mouse syngeneic orthotopic MB49-bladder tumor model, here we show that IVES human papillomavirus non-replicative pseudovirions (PsV) can pseudoinfect tumors with a ten-fold higher efficacy than normal bladders. In addition, PsV carrying the suicide-gene herpes-simplex virus thymidine kinase (PsV-TK) combined to Ganciclovir (GCV) led to immunogenic cell-death of tumor cells in vitro and to MB49-specific CD8 T-cells in vivo. This was associated with reduction in bladder-tumor growth and increased mice survival. Altogether, our data show that IVES PsV-TK/GCV may be a promising alternative or combinatory treatment for NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Hojeij
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Nkosi
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Dalila Gharbi
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Derré
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - John T Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Department of Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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Progress and problems with the use of suicide genes for targeted cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:113-128. [PMID: 26004498 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Among various gene therapy methods for cancer, suicide gene therapy attracts a special attention because it allows selective conversion of non-toxic compounds into cytotoxic drugs inside cancer cells. As a result, therapeutic index can be increased significantly by introducing high concentrations of cytotoxic molecules to the tumor environment while minimizing impact on normal tissues. Despite significant success at the preclinical level, no cancer suicide gene therapy protocol has delivered the desirable clinical significance yet. This review gives a critical look at the six main enzyme/prodrug systems that are used in suicide gene therapy of cancer and familiarizes readers with the state-of-the-art research and practices in this field. For each enzyme/prodrug system, the mechanisms of action, protein engineering strategies to enhance enzyme stability/affinity and chemical modification techniques to increase prodrug kinetics and potency are discussed. In each category, major clinical trials that have been performed in the past decade with each enzyme/prodrug system are discussed to highlight the progress to date. Finally, shortcomings are underlined and areas that need improvement in order to produce clinical significance are delineated.
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Construction and characterization of gelonin and saporin plasmids for toxic gene-based cancer therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:677-86. [PMID: 27008027 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxic gene therapy (or suicidal gene therapy) is gaining enormous interest, specifically for the treatment of cancer. The success of this therapy lies in several crucial factors, including the potency of gene products to kill the transfected tumor cells and the transfection ability of the transfection vehicles. To address the potency problem, in the present study, we engineered two separate mammalian transfection plasmids (pSAP and pGEL) containing genes encoding ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs), gelonin and saporin. After the successful preparation and amplification of the plasmids, they were tested on various cancer cell lines (HeLa, U87, 9L, and MDA-MB-435) and a noncancerous cell line (293 HEK) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the transfection agent. Transfection studies performed under varying gene concentration, incubation time, and gene-to-PEI ratios revealed that, compared to the treatment of pGFP (GFP expression plasmid)/PEI, both pGEL/PEI and pSAP/PEI complexes could induce significantly augmented cytotoxic effects at only 2 μg/mL gene concentration. Importantly, these cytotoxic effects were observed universally in all tested cancer cell lines. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of pGEL and pSAP as effective gene candidates for the toxic gene-based cancer therapy.
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Nitroreductase gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: insights and advances toward clinical utility. Biochem J 2015; 471:131-53. [PMID: 26431849 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the vast catalytic and therapeutic potential offered by type I (i.e. oxygen-insensitive) nitroreductase enzymes in partnership with nitroaromatic prodrugs, with particular focus on gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT; a form of cancer gene therapy). Important first indications of this potential were demonstrated over 20 years ago, for the enzyme-prodrug pairing of Escherichia coli NfsB and CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzamide]. However, it has become apparent that both the enzyme and the prodrug in this prototypical pairing have limitations that have impeded their clinical progression. Recently, substantial advances have been made in the biodiscovery and engineering of superior nitroreductase variants, in particular development of elegant high-throughput screening capabilities to enable optimization of desirable activities via directed evolution. These advances in enzymology have been paralleled by advances in medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of second- and third-generation nitroaromatic prodrugs that offer substantial advantages over CB1954 for nitroreductase GDEPT, including greater dose-potency and enhanced ability of the activated metabolite(s) to exhibit a local bystander effect. In addition to forging substantial progress towards future clinical trials, this research is supporting other fields, most notably the development and improvement of targeted cellular ablation capabilities in small animal models, such as zebrafish, to enable cell-specific physiology or regeneration studies.
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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J, Bzowska A, Wielgus-Kutrowska B. Site-Selective Ribosylation of Fluorescent Nucleobase Analogs Using Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase as a Catalyst: Effects of Point Mutations. Molecules 2015; 21:E44. [PMID: 26729076 PMCID: PMC6274182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic ribosylation of fluorescent 8-azapurine derivatives, like 8-azaguanine and 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine, with purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) as a catalyst, leads to N9, N8, and N7-ribosides. The final proportion of the products may be modulated by point mutations in the enzyme active site. As an example, ribosylation of the latter substrate by wild-type calf PNP gives N7- and N8-ribosides, while the N243D mutant directs the ribosyl substitution at N9- and N7-positions. The same mutant allows synthesis of the fluorescent N7-β-d-ribosyl-8-azaguanine. The mutated form of the E. coli PNP, D204N, can be utilized to obtain non-typical ribosides of 8-azaadenine and 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine as well. The N7- and N8-ribosides of the 8-azapurines can be analytically useful, as illustrated by N7-β-d-ribosyl-2,6-diamino-8-azapurine, which is a good fluorogenic substrate for mammalian forms of PNP, including human blood PNP, while the N8-riboside is selective to the E. coli enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Stachelska-Wierzchowska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria in Olsztyn, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jacek Wierzchowski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria in Olsztyn, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Bzowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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Tang M, Zu C, He A, Wang W, Chen B, Zheng X. Synergistic antitumor effect of adenovirus armed with Drosophila melanogaster deoxyribonucleoside kinase and nucleoside analogs for human breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015. [PMID: 26203222 PMCID: PMC4507493 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Suicide gene therapy in cancer can selectively kill tumors without damaging normal tissues. Drosophila melanogaster multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase (Dm-dNK), an original suicide kinase, makes use of the carcinomatous suicide gene therapy for broader substrate specificity and a higher catalytic rate. Methods To enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of Dm-dNK and maintain its substrate specificity and safety control in the meantime, the conditionally replicative gene–viral system, ZD55–dNK (which contains the selective replication adenovirus, ZD55, encoded with Dm-dNK), was investigated in pushing a deeper development of this strategy. Selective replication, cell killing efficacy, and cytotoxicity, in combination with chemotherapy, were applied to two breast cell lines (MDA231 and MCF7 cells), two normal cell lines (WI38 and MRC5 cells), and the MCF7 xenograft model in vivo. Results The preclinical study showed that ZD55–dNK, combined with 2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine (DFDC), synergistically inhibited adenovirus replication in vitro but maintained specifically cancer cell killing efficacy. ZD55–dNK also greatly improved the antineoplastic effect in vitro and in breast cancer xenograft in vivo. Conclusion The concomitant use of ZD55–dNK and DFDC is possibly a novel and promising approach to breast cancer treatment, and further investigation on the safe control of excessive virus replication and the efficacy of this approach in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zu
- Laboratory 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Anning He
- Laboratory 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China ; Laboratory 1, Cancer Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Alekseenko IV, Snezhkov EV, Chernov IP, Pleshkan VV, Potapov VK, Sass AV, Monastyrskaya GS, Kopantzev EP, Vinogradova TV, Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS, Bezborodova OA, Plyutinskaya AD, Nemtsova ER, Yakubovskaya RI, Sverdlov ED. Therapeutic properties of a vector carrying the HSV thymidine kinase and GM-CSF genes and delivered as a complex with a cationic copolymer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:78. [PMID: 25880666 PMCID: PMC4359447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) represents a technology to improve drug selectivity for cancer cells. It consists of delivery into tumor cells of a suicide gene responsible for in situ conversion of a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. Major limitations of GDEPT that hinder its clinical application include inefficient delivery into cancer cells and poor prodrug activation by suicide enzymes. We tried to overcome these constraints through a combination of suicide gene therapy with immunomodulating therapy. Viral vectors dominate in present-day GDEPT clinical trials due to efficient transfection and production of therapeutic genes. However, safety concerns associated with severe immune and inflammatory responses as well as high cost of the production of therapeutic viruses can limit therapeutic use of virus-based therapeutics. We tried to overcome this problem by using a simple nonviral delivery system. METHODS We studied the antitumor efficacy of a PEI (polyethylenimine)-PEG (polyethylene glycol) copolymer carrying the HSVtk gene combined in one vector with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA. The system HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG was tested in vitro in various mouse and human cell lines, ex vivo and in vivo using mouse models. RESULTS We showed that the HSVtk-GM-CSF/PEI-PEG system effectively inhibited the growth of transplanted human and mouse tumors, suppressed metastasis and increased animal lifespan. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that appreciable tumor shrinkage and metastasis inhibition could be achieved with a simple and low toxic chemical carrier - a PEI-PEG copolymer. Our data indicate that combined suicide and cytokine gene therapy may provide a powerful approach for the treatment of solid tumors and their metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alekseenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Eugene V Snezhkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Igor P Chernov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Victor V Pleshkan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
| | - Victor K Potapov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Sass
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Galina S Monastyrskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Eugene P Kopantzev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Vinogradova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Khramtsov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 34/5, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
- Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, ul. Leninskiye Gory, 1-12, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Olga A Bezborodova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Anna D Plyutinskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Elena R Nemtsova
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Raisa I Yakubovskaya
- Moscow Hertsen Research Institute of Oncology, Russian Ministry of Health Care, 2nd Botkinskiy proezd 3, Moscow, 125284, Russia.
| | - Eugene D Sverdlov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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Tomato thymidine kinase-based suicide gene therapy for malignant glioma—an alternative for Herpes Simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:130-7. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zhang J, Kale V, Chen M. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. AAPS J 2015; 17:102-10. [PMID: 25338741 PMCID: PMC4287286 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As one targeting strategy of prodrug delivery, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) promises to realize the targeting through its three key features in cancer therapy-cell-specific gene delivery and expression, controlled conversion of prodrugs to drugs in target cells, and expanded toxicity to the target cells' neighbors through bystander effects. After over 20 years of development, multiple GDEPT systems have advanced into clinical trials. However, no GDEPT product is currently marketed as a drug, suggesting that there are still barriers to overcome before GDEPT becomes a standard therapy. In this review, we first provide a general introduction of this prodrug targeting strategy. Then, we utilize the four most thoroughly studied systems to illustrate components, mechanisms, preclinical and clinical results, and further development directions of GDEPT. These four systems are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir, cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine, cytochrome P450/oxazaphosphorines, and nitroreductase/CB1954 system. Later, we focus our discussion on bystander effects including local and distant bystander effects. Lastly, we discuss carriers that are used to deliver genes for GDEPT including virus carriers and non-virus carriers. Among these carriers, the stem cell-based gene delivery system represents one of the newest carriers under development, and may brought about a breakthrough to the gene delivery issue of GDEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- />The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993 USA
| | - Vijay Kale
- />College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10920 S. Riverfront Pkwy, South Jordan, Utah 84095 USA
| | - Mingnan Chen
- />Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA
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Vredenburg G, den Braver-Sewradj S, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Vermeulen NPE, Commandeur JNM, Vos JC. Activation of the anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide by cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:182-92. [PMID: 25448283 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and ifosfamide (IFA) are widely used anticancer agents that require metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. While 4-hydroxylation yields DNA-alkylating and cytotoxic metabolites, N-dechloroethylation results in the generation of neuro- and nephrotoxic byproducts. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapies (GDEPT) have been suggested to facilitate local CPA and IFA bioactivation by expressing CYP enzymes within the tumor cells, thereby increasing efficacy. We screened bacterial CYP BM3 mutants, previously engineered to metabolize drug-like compounds, for their ability to catalyze 4-hydroxylation of CPA and IFA. Two CYP BM3 mutants showed very rapid initial bioactivation of CPA and IFA, followed by a slower phase of product formation. N-dechloroethylation by these mutants was very low (IFA) to undetectable (CPA). Using purified CYP BM3 as an extracellular bioactivation tool, cytotoxicity of CPA and IFA metabolism was confirmed in U2OS cells. This novel application of CYP BM3 possibly provides a clean and catalytically efficient alternative to liver microsomes or S9 for the study of CYP-mediated drug toxicity. To our knowledge, the observed rate of CPA and IFA 4-hydroxylation by these CYP BM3 mutants is the fastest reported to date, and might be of potential interest for CPA and IFA GDEPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Vredenburg
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CPS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Shalenie den Braver-Sewradj
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CPS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico P E Vermeulen
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CPS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CPS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - J Chris Vos
- AIMMS-Division of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CPS), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
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Doloff JC, Waxman DJ. Adenoviral vectors for prodrug activation-based gene therapy for cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:115-26. [PMID: 23869779 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a common feature - both between patients diagnosed with the same cancer and within an individual patient's tumor - and leads to widely different response rates to cancer therapies and the potential for the emergence of drug resistance. Diverse therapeutic approaches have been developed to combat the complexity of cancer, including individual treatment modalities designed to target tumor heterogeneity. This review discusses adenoviral vectors and how they can be modified to replicate in a cancer-specific manner and deliver therapeutic genes under multi-tiered regulation to target tumor heterogeneity, including heterogeneity associated with cancer stem cell-like subpopulations. Strategies that allow for combination of prodrug-activation gene therapy with a novel replication-conditional, heterogeneous tumor-targeting adenovirus are discussed, as are the benefits of using adenoviral vectors as tumor-targeting oncolytic vectors. While the anticancer activity of many adenoviral vectors has been well established in preclinical studies, only limited successes have been achieved in the clinic, indicating a need for further improvements in activity, specificity, tumor cell delivery and avoidance of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Cell and Molecular, Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Xiao X, Jin R, Li J, Bei Y, Wei T. The antitumor effect of suicide gene therapy using Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir in a nude mice model of renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2014; 84:982.e15-20. [PMID: 25123427 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To confirm the effectivity of Bifidobacterium infantis-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir suicide gene system on the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in nude mice and further explore the mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A B infantis thymidine kinase (B infantis-TK) suicide gene system was constructed in our previous study. Tumor-bearing nude mice were randomized into 4 groups and injected with normal saline, B infantis, B infantis/pGEX-1λT, and B infantis-TK, respectively, via tail vein, followed by intraperitoneal injection of ganciclovir. The treatment effects were evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxynucleotide triphosphate nick end labeling assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. Side effects were also recorded. RESULTS Compared with the other 3 treatments, the treatment with B infantis-TK resulted in a significant effective antitumor activity and stronger apoptotic response. Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of Rel A and Bcl-xL were significantly lower, whereas those of caspase 3 and Bax were significantly higher in tumor tissues resected from group B infantis-TK, which were consistent with the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results. CONCLUSION The B infantis-TK/ganciclovir therapy system exhibits an effective antitumor activity by promoting tumor cell apoptosis through both the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Bei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tang Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Long-term efficiency of mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated CD-MSC/5FC therapy in human melanoma xenograft model. Gene Ther 2014; 21:874-87. [PMID: 25056607 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be exploited as cellular delivery vehicles for the enzymes converting non-toxic prodrugs to toxic substances. Because of their inherent chemoresistance, they exert potent bystander and antitumor effect. Here we show that the human adipose tissue-derived MSC expressing fusion yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (CD-MSC) in combination with 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) mediated a long-term tumor-free survival in the 83.3% of tumor-bearing animals. CD-MSC/5FC treatment induced cytotoxicity against model human melanoma cells EGFP-A375. Only 4% of the therapeutic CD-MSC cells eliminated >98.5% of the tumor cells in vitro. Long-term tumor-free survival was confirmed in 15 out of the 18 animals. However, repeatedly used CD-MSC/5FC therapeutic regimen generated more aggressive and metastatic variant of the melanoma cells EGFP-A375/Rel3. These cells derived from the refractory xenotransplants exhibited increased resistance to the CD-MSC/5FC treatment, altered cell adhesion, migration, tumorigenic and metastatic properties. However, long-term curative effect was achieved by the augmentation of the CD-MSC/5FC regimen along with the inhibition of c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor signaling axis in this aggressive melanoma derivative. In summary, the CD-MSC/5FC regimen can be regarded as a very effective antitumor approach to achieve long-term tumor-free survival as demonstrated on a mouse model of aggressive human melanoma xenografts.
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Copp JN, Williams EM, Rich MH, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ackerley DF. Toward a high-throughput screening platform for directed evolution of enzymes that activate genotoxic prodrugs. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:399-403. [PMID: 24996412 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of enzymes to more efficiently activate genotoxic prodrugs holds great potential for improving anticancer gene or antibody therapies. We report the development of a new, GFP-based, high-throughput screening platform to enable engineering of prodrug-activating enzymes by directed evolution. By fusing an inducible SOS promoter to an engineered GFP reporter gene, we were able to measure levels of DNA damage in intact Escherichia coli and separate cell populations by fluorescence activating cell sorting (FACS). In two FACS iterations, we were able to achieve a 90,000-fold enrichment of a functional prodrug-activating nitroreductase from a null library background.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Copp
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Present address: Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - E M Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - M H Rich
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - A V Patterson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - J B Smaill
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - D F Ackerley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery with microbubbles has emerged as an attractive nonviral vector system for site-specific and noninvasive gene therapy. Ultrasound promotes intracellular uptake of therapeutic agents, particularly in the presence of microbubbles, by increasing vascular and cell membrane permeability. Several preclinical studies have reported successful gene delivery into solid tumors with significant therapeutic effects using this novel approach. This review provides background information on gene therapy and ultrasound bioeffects and discusses the current progress and overall perspectives on the application of ultrasound and microbubble-mediated gene delivery in cancer.
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Gebremedhin S, Singh A, Koons S, Bernt W, Konopka K, Duzgunes N. Gene delivery to carcinoma cells via novel non-viral vectors: nanoparticle tracking analysis and suicide gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 60:72-9. [PMID: 24751674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide gene therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may be a viable approach to the treatment of this cancer. However, human OSCC cells are relatively resistant to efficient transfection by non-viral vectors. To identify an optimal vector for gene delivery, we compared the transfection activities and efficiencies of Glycofect, Metafectene, Metafectene Pro, Metafectene Easy and FuGENE HD, using the OSCC cell line, HSC-3, and the cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. The size distribution and ζ-potential of the complexes of these vectors with plasmid DNA were assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electrophoretic mobility measurements, respectively. Metafectene Easy and FuGENE HD mediated the highest transfection activity (measured as luciferase expression) and efficiency (measured as the percentage of cells transfected with ß-galactosidase). These vectors were used to deliver a plasmid encoding herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, followed by ganciclovir treatment. By day 9, HeLa cell viability was 22±3% of controls with FuGENE HD and 26±3% with Metafectene Easy. The viability of HSC-3 cells was 42±25% with FuGENE HD, and 58±28% with Metafectene Easy. The reduction in viability was statistically significant in both cases (p⩽0.005; average of 3 independent experiments), although there was considerable variability between experiments with the HSC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Gebremedhin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Aruna Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Stephen Koons
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - William Bernt
- Particle Characterization Laboratories, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Krystyna Konopka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Nejat Duzgunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Ling CQ, Wang LN, Wang Y, Zhang YH, Yin ZF, Wang M, Ling C. The roles of traditional Chinese medicine in gene therapy. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Two fluorogenic substrates for purine nucleoside phosphorylase, selective for mammalian and bacterial forms of the enzyme. Anal Biochem 2014; 446:25-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Novel therapeutic approaches for various cancer types using a modified sleeping beauty-based gene delivery system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86324. [PMID: 24466025 PMCID: PMC3897668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful gene therapy largely depends on the selective introduction of therapeutic genes into the appropriate target cancer cells. One of the most effective and promising approaches for targeting tumor tissue during gene delivery is the use of viral vectors, which allow for high efficiency gene delivery. However, the use of viral vectors is not without risks and safety concerns, such as toxicities, a host immune response towards the viral antigens or potential viral recombination into the host's chromosome; these risks limit the clinical application of viral vectors. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-based system is an attractive, non-viral alternative to viral delivery systems. SB may be less immunogenic than the viral vector system due to its lack of viral sequences. The SB-based gene delivery system can stably integrate into the host cell genome to produce the therapeutic gene product over the lifetime of a cell. However, when compared to viral vectors, the non-viral SB-based gene delivery system still has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the lack of long-lasting gene expression potential and tumor cell specific gene transfer ability. These limitations could be overcome by modifying the SB system through the introduction of the hTERT promoter and the SV40 enhancer. In this study, a modified SB delivery system, under control of the hTERT promoter in conjunction with the SV40 enhancer, was able to successfully transfer the suicide gene (HSV-TK) into multiple types of cancer cells. The modified SB transfected cancer cells exhibited a significantly increased cancer cell specific death rate. These data suggest that our modified SB-based gene delivery system can be used as a safe and efficient tool for cancer cell specific therapeutic gene transfer and stable long-term expression.
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Christensen CL, Zandi R, Gjetting T, Cramer F, Poulsen HS. Specifically targeted gene therapy for small-cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:437-52. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Glinka EM. Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:1014-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stachelska-Wierzchowska A, Wierzchowski J, Wielgus-Kutrowska B, Mikleušević G. Enzymatic synthesis of highly fluorescent 8-azapurine ribosides using a purine nucleoside phosphorylase reverse reaction: variable ribosylation sites. Molecules 2013; 18:12587-98. [PMID: 24126376 PMCID: PMC6270051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various forms of purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) were used as catalysts of enzymatic ribosylation of selected fluorescent 8-azapurines. It was found that the recombinant calf PNP catalyzes ribosylation of 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine in a phosphate-free medium, with ribose-1-phosphate as ribose donor, but the ribosylation site is predominantly N7 and N8, with the proportion of N8/N7 ribosylated products markedly dependent on the reaction conditions. Both products are fluorescent. Application of the E. coli PNP gave a mixture of N8 and N9-substituted ribosides. Fluorescence of the ribosylated 2,6-diamino-8-azapurine has been briefly characterized. The highest quantum yield, ~0.9, was obtained for N9-β-d-riboside (λmax 365 nm), while for N8-β-d-riboside, emitting at ~430 nm, the fluorescence quantum yield was found to be close to 0.4. Ribosylation of 8-azaguanine with calf PNP as a catalyst goes exclusively to N9. By contrast, the E. coli PNP ribosylates 8-azaGua predominantly at N9, with minor, but highly fluorescent products ribosylated at N8/N7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Stachelska-Wierzchowska
- Department of Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +48-5233406; Fax: +48-5234547
| | - Jacek Wierzchowski
- Department of Biophysics, University of Varmia & Masuria, 4 Oczapowskiego St., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Beata Wielgus-Kutrowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; E-Mail:
| | - Goran Mikleušević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, POB 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mail:
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The Flavin Reductase MsuE Is a Novel Nitroreductase that Can Efficiently Activate Two Promising Next-Generation Prodrugs for Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:985-97. [PMID: 24202330 PMCID: PMC3795375 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nitroreductase enzymes that can efficiently catalyse the oxygen-independent reduction of prodrugs originally developed to target tumour hypoxia offer great potential for expanding the therapeutic range of these molecules to aerobic tumour regions, via the emerging cancer strategy of gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT). Two promising hypoxia prodrugs for GDEPT are the dinitrobenzamide mustard PR-104A, and the nitrochloromethylbenzindoline prodrug nitro-CBI-DEI. We describe here use of a nitro-quenched fluorogenic probe to identify MsuE from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a novel nitroreductase candidate for GDEPT. In SOS and bacteria-delivered enzyme prodrug cytotoxicity assays MsuE was less effective at activating CB1954 (a first-generation GDEPT prodrug) than the “gold standard” nitroreductases NfsA and NfsB from Escherichia coli. However, MsuE exhibited comparable levels of activity with PR-104A and nitro-CBI-DEI, and is the first nitroreductase outside of the NfsA and NfsB enzyme families to do so. These in vitro findings suggest that MsuE is worthy of further evaluation in in vivo models of GDEPT.
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Lim TT, Geisen C, Hesse M, Fleischmann BK, Zimmermann K, Pfeifer A. Lentiviral vector mediated thymidine kinase expression in pluripotent stem cells enables removal of tumorigenic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70543. [PMID: 23936225 PMCID: PMC3728319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent promising tools for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, implantation of ES cell derived differentiated cells holds the risk of teratoma formation due to residual undifferentiated cells. In order to tackle this problem, we used pluripotent stem cells consisting of ES and iPS cells of mouse genetically modified by lentiviral vectors (LVs) carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) under the control of different promoters of pluripotency genes. Cells expressing TK in turn are eliminated upon administration of the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV). Our aim was to study the conditions required for a safe mechanism to clear residual undifferentiated cells but using low MOIs of lentiviruses to reduce the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Our in vitro data demonstrated that TK expression in pluripotent stem cells upon treatment with GCV led to elimination of undifferentiated cells. However, introduction of hygromycin resistance in the LV transduced ES cells followed by pre-selection with hygromycin and GCV treatment was required to abolish undifferentiated cells. Most importantly, transplantation of pre-selected ES cells that had been transduced with low MOI LV in mice resulted in no teratoma development after GCV treatment in vivo. Taken together, our data show that pre-selection of ES cells prior to in vivo application is necessary if vector integration events are minimized. The study presented here gives rise to safer use of pluripotent stem cells as promising cell sources in regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiong-Ti Lim
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- NRW International Graduate Research School Biotech, PHARMA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline Geisen
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K. Fleischmann
- NRW International Graduate Research School Biotech, PHARMA, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- NRW International Graduate Research School Biotech, PHARMA, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (AP); (KZ)
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- NRW International Graduate Research School Biotech, PHARMA, Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (AP); (KZ)
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David S, Montier T, Carmoy N, Resnier P, Clavreul A, Mével M, Pitard B, Benoit JP, Passirani C. Treatment efficacy of DNA lipid nanocapsules and DNA multimodular systems after systemic administration in a human glioma model. J Gene Med 2013; 14:769-75. [PMID: 23143656 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously developed different types of DNA nanocarriers for systemic administration. Recently, the biodistribution profiles of these intravenously administered nanocarriers, DNA lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) and different multimodular systems (MMS), were analysed in healthy mice using in vivo biofluorescence imaging. METHODS In the present study, the experiments were performed in an ectopic human U87MG glioma model in nude mice. First, the biodistribution profiles of intravenously administered multimodular systems delivering a plasmid DNA with a luciferase cassette were analysed using in vivo biofluorescence imaging. Afterwards, a systemic treatment with two long circulating DNA nanocarriers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) DNA LNCs and galactose (GAL) DNA MMS dioleylamin-succinyl paromomycin (DOSP) was performed on this glioma model using a plasmid encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) and subsequent ganciclovir (GCV) treatment. RESULTS The biodistribution profiles of the different DNA nanocarriers on this glioma model were similar to those observed on healthy animals and varied in function of their cationic lipid composition and their surface characteristics. Furthermore, PEG DNA LNCs and GAL DNA MMS DOSP showed a specific accumulation and some luciferase expression in the tumour tissue. The systemic treatment using the HSV-tk/GCV approach showed a tumour growth reduction compared to the nontreated mice cohort. CONCLUSIONS These results are in good accordance with those obtained previously with PEG DNA LNCs in a human melanoma mouse model and highlight the potential use of GAL DNA MMS DOSP and PEG DNA LNCs as future therapeutics in glioma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie David
- LUNAM Université - Equipe MINT: micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France
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Kucerova L, Feketeova L, Matuskova M, Kozovska Z, Janega P, Babal P, Poturnajova M. Local bystander effect induces dormancy in human medullary thyroid carcinoma model in vivo. Cancer Lett 2013; 335:299-305. [PMID: 23485727 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The extent of local bystander effect induced by fusion yeast cytosine deaminase::uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (yCD) in combination with 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) was evaluated in xenogeneic model of human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This approach to gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy (GDEPT) induces strong bystander cytotoxicity. Effector yCD-TT mixed with target EGFP-TT cells in a ratio 2:9 could achieve significant tumor regression and 14-fold decrease in serum marker calcitonin upon 5FC administration. Histopathological analysis unraveled that antitumor effect resulted in tumor dormancy and proliferation arrest of remaining tumor cell clusters in vivo. yCD/5FC combination represents another GDEPT approach to achieve tumor growth control in MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 7, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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50
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Keung EZ, Nelson PJ, Conrad C. Concise Review: Genetically Engineered Stem Cell Therapy Targeting Angiogenesis and Tumor Stroma in Gastrointestinal Malignancy. Stem Cells 2013; 31:227-35. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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