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Zhao J, Li X, Ma T, Chang B, Zhang B, Fang J. Glutathione-triggered prodrugs: Design strategies, potential applications, and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1013-1054. [PMID: 38140851 DOI: 10.1002/med.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The burgeoning prodrug strategy offers a promising avenue toward improving the efficacy and specificity of cytotoxic drugs. Elevated intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) have been regarded as a hallmark of tumor cells and characteristic feature of the tumor microenvironment. Considering the pivotal involvement of elevated GSH in the tumorigenic process, a diverse repertoire of GSH-triggered prodrugs has been developed for cancer therapy, facilitating the attenuation of deleterious side effects associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents and/or the attainment of more efficacious therapeutic outcomes. These prodrug formulations encompass a spectrum of architectures, spanning from small molecules to polymer-based and organic-inorganic nanomaterial constructs. Although the GSH-triggered prodrugs have been gaining increasing interests, a comprehensive review of the advancements made in the field is still lacking. To fill the existing lacuna, this review undertakes a retrospective analysis of noteworthy research endeavors, based on a categorization of these molecules by their diverse recognition units (i.e., disulfides, diselenides, Michael acceptors, and sulfonamides/sulfonates). This review also focuses on explaining the distinct benefits of employing various chemical architecture strategies in the design of these prodrug agents. Furthermore, we highlight the potential for synergistic functionality by incorporating multiple-targeting conjugates, theranostic entities, and combinational treatment modalities, all of which rely on the GSH-triggering. Overall, an extensive overview of the emerging field is presented in this review, highlighting the obstacles and opportunities that lie ahead. Our overarching goal is to furnish methodological guidance for the development of more efficacious GSH-triggered prodrugs in the future. By assessing the pros and cons of current GSH-triggered prodrugs, we expect that this review will be a handful reference for prodrug design, and would provide a guidance for improving the properties of prodrugs and discovering novel trigger scaffolds for constructing GSH-triggered prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bingbing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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2
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Pou S, Winter RW, Liebman KM, Dodean RA, Nilsen A, DeBarber A, Doggett JS, Riscoe MK. Synthesis of Deuterated Endochin-Like Quinolones. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024. [PMID: 38661253 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Malaria continues to be a serious and debilitating disease. The emergence and spread of high-level resistance to multiple antimalarial drugs by Plasmodium falciparum has brought about an urgent need for new treatments that will be active against multidrug resistant malaria infections. One such treatment, ELQ-331 (MMV-167), an alkoxy carbonate prodrug of 4(1H)-quinolone ELQ-300, is currently in preclinical development with the Medicines for Malaria Venture. Clinical development of ELQ-331 or similar compounds will require the availability of isotopically labeled analogs. Unfortunately, a suitable method for the deuteration of these important compounds was not found in the literature. Here, we describe a facile and scalable method for the deuteration of 4(1H)-quinolone ELQ-300, its alkoxycarbonate prodrug ELQ-331, and their respective N-oxides using deuterated acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovitj Pou
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rolf W Winter
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Rosie A Dodean
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea DeBarber
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - J Stone Doggett
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael K Riscoe
- Medical Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Gries R, Chhen J, van Gumpel E, Theobald SJ, Sonnenkalb L, Utpatel C, Metzen F, Koch M, Dallenga T, Djaout K, Baulard A, Dal Molin M, Rybniker J. Discovery of dual-active ethionamide boosters inhibiting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-1 secretion system. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:699-711.e6. [PMID: 38181799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a major public health concern requiring complementary approaches to standard anti-tuberculous regimens. Anti-virulence molecules or compounds that enhance the activity of antimicrobial prodrugs are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Exploiting host cell-based drug discovery, we identified an oxadiazole compound (S3) that blocks the ESX-1 secretion system, a major virulence factor of Mtb. S3-treated mycobacteria showed impaired intracellular growth and a reduced ability to lyse macrophages. RNA sequencing experiments of drug-exposed bacteria revealed strong upregulation of a distinct set of genes including ethA, encoding a monooxygenase activating the anti-tuberculous prodrug ethionamide. Accordingly, we found a strong ethionamide boosting effect in S3-treated Mtb. Extensive structure-activity relationship experiments revealed that anti-virulence and ethionamide-boosting activity can be uncoupled by chemical modification of the primary hit molecule. To conclude, this series of dual-active oxadiazole compounds targets Mtb via two distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gries
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jason Chhen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edeltraud van Gumpel
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Theobald
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lindsay Sonnenkalb
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Utpatel
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Fabian Metzen
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Dallenga
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 23845 Borstel, Germany; Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Kamel Djaout
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain Baulard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Michael Dal Molin
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rybniker
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Breton-Patient C, Billotte S, Duchambon P, Fontaine G, Bombard S, Piguel S. Light-Activatable Photocaged UNC2025 for Triggering TAM Kinase Inhibition in Bladder Cancer. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300855. [PMID: 38363151 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photopharmacology is an emerging field that utilizes photo-responsive molecules to enable control over the activity of a drug using light. The aim is to limit the therapeutic action of a drug at the level of diseased tissues and organs. Considering the well-known implications of protein kinases in cancer and the therapeutic issues associated with protein kinase inhibitors, the photopharmacology is seen as an innovative and alternative solution with great potential in oncology. In this context, we developed the first photocaged TAM kinase inhibitors based on UNC2025, a first-in-class small molecule kinase inhibitor. These prodrugs showed good stability in biologically relevant buffer and rapid photorelease of the photoremovable protecting group upon UV-light irradiation (<10 min.). These light-activatable prodrugs led to a 16-fold decrease to a complete loss of kinase inhibition, depending on the protein and the position at which the coumarin-type phototrigger was introduced. The most promising candidate was the N,O-dicaged compound, showing the superiority of having two photolabile protecting groups on UNC2025 for being entirely inactive on TAM kinases. Under UV-light irradiation, the N,O-dicaged compound recovered its inhibitory potency in enzymatic assays and displayed excellent antiproliferative activity in RT112 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Breton-Patient
- Institut Curie, Université PSL CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Billotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie CNRS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Duchambon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Institut Curie, Université PSL CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Bombard
- Institut Curie, Université PSL CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U119, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Sandrine Piguel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie CNRS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France
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Meng T, Jung D, Cai XH, Lu ZQ, Yu JB, Qi TY, Meng FY, Ruan MZ, Duan JX. Characterization of AST-001 non-clinical pharmacokinetics: A novel selective AKR1C3-activated prodrug in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2024; 45:83-92. [PMID: 38492211 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
AST-001 is a chemically synthesized inactive nitrogen mustard prodrug that is selectively cleaved to a cytotoxic aziridine (AST-2660) via aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3). The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the prodrug, AST-001, and its active metabolite, AST-2660, in mice, rats, and monkeys. After single and once daily intravenous bolus doses of 1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg AST-001 to Sprague-Dawley rats and once daily 1 h intravenous infusions of 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 mg/kg AST-001 to cynomolgus monkeys, AST-001 exhibited dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and reached peak plasma levels at the end of the infusion. No significant accumulation and gender differences were observed after 7 days of repeated dosing. In rats, the half-life of AST-001 was dose independent and ranged from 4.89 to 5.75 h. In cynomolgus monkeys, the half-life of AST-001 was from 1.66 to 5.56 h and increased with dose. In tissue distribution studies conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats and in liver cancer PDX models in female athymic nude mice implanted with LI6643 or LI6280 HepG2-GFP tumor fragments, AST-001 was extensively distributed to selected tissues. Following a single intravenous dose, AST-001 was not excreted primarily as the prodrug, AST-001 or the metabolite AST-2660 in the urine, feces, and bile. A comprehensive analysis of the preclinical data and inter-species allometric scaling were used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of AST-001 in humans and led to the recommendation of a starting dose of 5 mg/m2 in the first-in-human dose escalation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Meng
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donald Jung
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Ji-Bing Yu
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tian-Yang Qi
- Ascentawits Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Shenzhen, China
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Jia Z, Wei X, Chen N, Xu X, Zhao G, Fu X, Wang H, Goldring MB, Goldring SR, Wang D. Thermoresponsive Polymeric Hydromorphone Prodrug Provides Sustained Local Analgesia without Apparent Adverse Effects. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1838-1847. [PMID: 38413029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The extensive use of opioids for chronic pain management has contributed significantly to the current opioid epidemic. While many alternative nonopioid analgesics are available, opioids remain the most potent analgesics for moderate to severe pain management. In addition to the implementation of multimodal analgesia, there is a pressing need for the development of more effective and safer opioids. In this study, we developed a thermoresponsive N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-based hydromorphone (HMP) prodrug (ProGel-HMP, HMP content = 16.2 wt %, in base form). The aqueous solution of ProGel-HMP was free-flowing at 4 °C but became a hydrogel when the temperature was raised to ≥37 °C, allowing sustained local retention when administered in vivo. When tested in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model of osteoarthritis (OA), ProGel-HMP was retained after intra-articular injection in the OA knee joint for at least 2 weeks postinjection, with low extra-articular distribution. ProGel-HMP was not detected in the central nervous system (CNS). A single dose of ProGel-HMP produced rapid and sustained joint pain resolution for greater than 14 days when compared to saline and dose-equivalent HMP controls, likely mediated through peripheral μ-opioid receptors in the knee joint. Systemic analgesia effect was absent in the DMM mice treated with ProGel-HMP, as evident in the lack of difference in tail flick response between the ProGel-HMP-treated mice and the controls (i.e., Healthy, Saline, and Sham). Repeated dosing of ProGel-HMP did not induce tolerance. Collectively, these data support the further development of ProGel-HMP as a potent, safe, long-acting and nonaddictive analgesic for better clinical pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Ensign Pharmaceutical, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
| | - Xin Fu
- Ensign Pharmaceutical, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
| | - Hanjun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-4455, United States
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Ensign Pharmaceutical, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
- Ensign Pharmaceutical, Omaha, Nebraska 68106, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5640, United States
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Xu Z, Liu X, Pang Y, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Liu T, Zhang J, Xiong H, Gao X, Liu J, Liu S, Ning G, Feng S, Yao X, Guo S. Long-Acting Heterodimeric Paclitaxel-Idebenone Prodrug-Based Nanomedicine Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3548-3556. [PMID: 38457277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), successive systemic administration of microtubule-stabilizing agents has been shown to promote axon regeneration. However, this approach is limited by poor drug bioavailability, especially given the rapid restoration of the blood-spinal cord barrier. There is a pressing need for long-acting formulations of microtubule-stabilizing agents in treating SCI. Here, we conjugated the antioxidant idebenone with microtubule-stabilizing paclitaxel to create a heterodimeric paclitaxel-idebenone prodrug via an acid-activatable, self-immolative ketal linker and then fabricated it into chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-binding nanomedicine, enabling drug retention within the spinal cord for at least 2 weeks and notable enhancement in hindlimb motor function and axon regeneration after a single intraspinal administration. Additional investigations uncovered that idebenone can suppress the activation of microglia and neuronal ferroptosis, thereby amplifying the therapeutic effect of paclitaxel. This prodrug-based nanomedicine simultaneously accomplishes neuroprotection and axon regeneration, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Haoning Xiong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guangzhi Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University and Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University and Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Chugh S, Sharma M, Mudila H, Prasher P. Synthesis and evaluation of amylose-mefenamic acid conjugates as colon-targeting prodrugs. Ther Deliv 2024. [PMID: 38497152 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Amide-linked amylose-based prodrugs were developed for colon-targeted release of mefenamic acid. Materials & methods: Activation of prodrug was studied spectrophotometrically, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appraised cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition at different concentrations of the prodrug, the behavior of prodrug under physiological conditions was monitored by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Prodrug was poorly activated in the enzyme-free simulated gastric media and simulated intestinal media (SIM) but preincubation in pancreatin followed by treatment in aminopeptidase containing SIM led to a significant activation of prodrug. Conclusion: Amide-linked amylose-mefenamic acid conjugates showed a slow release in simulated gastric media and a controlled release in SIM with pancreatin playing an important role in drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Harish Mudila
- Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144402, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
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Sun J, Yao H, Ren X, Cui L, Liu L, Wang G, Tang Z. Radiation-Activated Resiquimod Prodrug Nanomaterials for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2921-2930. [PMID: 38411094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is effectively employed in treating various malignancies. However, the response rate is constrained to 5-30%, which is attributed to differences in immune responses across different tumors. Overcoming all obstacles of multistep immune activation with monotherapy is difficult. Here, maleimide-modified resiquimod (R848) prodrug nanoparticles (MAL-NPs) are reported and combined with radiotherapy (RT) and anti-PD1 to enhance ICI therapy. MAL-NPs can promote antigen endocytosis by dendritic cells and are radio-reduced to produce R848. When combined with RT, MAL-NPs can augment the concentration of nanoparticles at tumor sites and be selectively radio-reduced within the tumor, thereby triggering a potent antitumor immune response. The systemic immune response and long-term memory efficacy induced by MAL-NPs + RT + anti-PD1 significantly inhibit the abscopal tumor growth and prevent tumor recurrence. This strategy can achieve systemic therapy through selective training of the tumor immune microenvironment, offering a new approach to overcome the obstacles of ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
| | - Haochen Yao
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Xitong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Linjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 Jilin, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
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10
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Kang M, Quintana J, Hu H, Teixeira VC, Olberg S, Banla LI, Rodriguez V, Hwang WL, Schuemann J, Parangi S, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Sustained and Localized Drug Depot Release Using Radiation-Activated Scintillating Nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2024:e2312326. [PMID: 38389502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of cancer commonly incorporates X-ray radiation therapy (XRT), and developing spatially precise radiation-activatable drug delivery strategies may improve XRT efficacy while limiting off-target toxicities associated with systemically administered drugs. Nevertheless, achieving this has been challenging thus far because strategies typically rely on radical species with short lifespans, and the inherent nature of hypoxic and acidic tumor microenvironments may encourage spatially heterogeneous effects. It is hypothesized that the challenge could be bypassed by using scintillating nanoparticles that emit light upon X-ray absorption, locally forming therapeutic drug depots in tumor tissues. Thus a nanoparticle platform (Scintillating nanoparticle Drug Depot; SciDD) that enables the local release of cytotoxic payloads only after activation by XRT is developed, thereby limiting off-target toxicity. As a proof-of-principle, SciDD is used to deliver a microtubule-destabilizing payload MMAE (monomethyl auristatin E). With as little as a 2 Gy local irradiation to tumors, MMAE payloads are released effectively to kill tumor cells. XRT-mediated drug release is demonstrated in multiple mouse cancer models and showed efficacy over XRT alone (p < 0.0001). This work shows that SciDD can act as a local drug depot with spatiotemporally controlled release of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyung Kang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy Quintana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Huiyu Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 506, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Verônica C Teixeira
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sven Olberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Leou Ismael Banla
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William L Hwang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, White 506, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 5.210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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11
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Zeng F, Pan Y, Lu Q, Luan X, Qin S, Liu Y, Liu Z, Yang J, He B, Song Y. Self-Generating Gold Nanocatalysts in Autologous Tumor Cells for Targeted Catalytic Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303683. [PMID: 38386961 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Employing tumor whole cells for tumor immunotherapy is a promising tumor therapy proposed in the early stage, but its therapeutic efficacy is weakened by the methods of eliminating pathogenicity and the mass ratio of the effective antigen carried by itself. Here, by adding gold ion to live cancer cells in the microfluidic droplets, this work obtains dead tumor whole cells with NIR-controlled catalytic ability whose pathogenicity is removed while plenary tumor antigens, major structure, and homing ability are reserved. The engineered tumor cell (Cell-Au) with the addition of prodrug provides 1 O2 in an O2 -free Russell mechanism, which serves better in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. This tumor whole-cell catalytic vaccine (TWCV) promotes the activation of dendritic cells and the transformation of macrophages into tumor suppressor phenotype. In 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, the Cell-Au-based vaccine supports the polarization of cytotoxicity T cells, resulting in tumor eradication and long-term animal survival. Compared with antigen vaccines or adoptive cell therapy which takes months to obtain, this TWCV can be prepared in just a few days with satisfactory immune activation and tumor therapeutic efficacy, which provides an alternative way for the preparation of personalized tumor vaccines across tumor types and gives immunotherapy a new path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zeng
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongchun Pan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qianglan Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuta Liu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Ma L, Yu Q, Zhuang M, Yang C, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Shen X, Chang Y. UHPLC-MS/MS Assay for Quantification of Legubicin, a Novel Doxorubicin-Based Legumain-Activated Prodrug, and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution Studies. Molecules 2024; 29:775. [PMID: 38398527 PMCID: PMC10892419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Legubicin, a novel prodrug based on doxorubicin, has both albumin-binding and legumain-activating properties. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a UHPLC-MS/MS method for investigating the in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profiles of legubicin in rats and tumor-bearing mice following intravenous administration, and to compare this prodrug with the positive control drug doxorubicin. The study employed a UHLC-MS/MS method to determine the levels of albumin-bound of legubicin and two metabolites (free Leu-DOX and DOX) in plasma, tumor, and tissue samples. This method was validated for good selectivity, high sensitivity, excellent extraction recovery, and short run time. The results showed that legubicin was present in the circulation in vivo mainly in a protein-bound form with larger AUC values and lower clearance and distribution, and essentially released small amounts of doxorubicin. Compared to administration of equimolar doses of doxorubicin, legubicin showed increased exposure of the active drug in the tumor and decreased the level of the active drug in the heart and kidney. This study provides valuable information on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of legubicin, implicating its potential as a novel and effective drug candidate for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.Y.); (M.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.Y.); (M.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meng Zhuang
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.Y.); (M.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.Y.); (M.Z.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shanghai Affinity Bio-Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yuling Li
- Shanghai Affinity Bio-Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Cheng Liu
- Shanghai Affinity Bio-Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yan Chang
- Shanghai Innostar Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; (Q.Y.); (M.Z.); (C.Y.)
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13
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Singh Cham P, Kotwal P, Sharma K, Dhiman S, Singh L, Pratap Singh V, Kumar A, Nandi U, Pal Singh P. Cannabidiol-Based Prodrugs: Synthesis and Bioevaluation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:221-229. [PMID: 38352838 PMCID: PMC10860190 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD 1) is a nonpsychotic cannabinoid-based drug approved by the U.S. FDA for treating refractory epilepsy, namely, Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndrome. However, its low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability are compensated by administering high doses, and there is an increased demand for conjugates with improved properties. In this direction, the present work is focused on synthesizing CBD-based prodrugs to address the issue of poor solubility and oral bioavailability. Several CBD-based prodrugs were synthesized and studied in a battery of assays: viz, release kinetic (ex vivo), solubility (in vitro), chemical stability (in vitro), plasma stability (ex vivo), pharmacokinetics (in vivo), and efficacy studies (in vivo). Among the synthesized prodrugs, the morpholinyl CBD-based prodrugs 3a and 3aa showed good release behavior, stability, better solubility, and a plasma profile. Moreover, prodrug candidate 3aa showed better therapeutic efficacy. The present study identifies CBD-based prodrugs with improved physiochemical properties and oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Singh Cham
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Lakhvinder Singh
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Varun Pratap Singh
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Natural
Product & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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McDonald RA, Nagy SG, Chambers M, Broberg CA, Ahonen MJR, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing prodrug for the treatment of complex Mycobacterium abscessus infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0132723. [PMID: 38206003 PMCID: PMC10848776 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) can cause severe respiratory infection in patients with underlying pulmonary conditions, and these infections are extremely difficult to treat. In this report, we evaluate a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrug [methyl tris diazeniumdiolate (MD3)] against a panel of NTM clinical isolates and as a treatment for acute and chronic NTM infections in vivo. Its efficacy in inhibiting growth or killing mycobacteria was explored in vitro alongside evaluation of the impact to primary human airway epithelial tissue. Airway epithelial tissues remained viable after exposure at concentrations of MD3 needed to kill mycobacteria, with no inherent toxic effect from drug scaffold after NO liberation. Resistance studies conducted via serial passage with representative Mycobacterium abscessus isolates demonstrated no resistance to MD3. When administered directly into the lung via intra-tracheal administration in mice, MD3 demonstrated significant reduction in M. abscessus bacterial load in both acute and chronic models of M. abscessus lung infection. In summary, MD3 is a promising treatment for complex NTM pulmonary infection, specifically those caused by M. abscessus, and warrants further exploration as a therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah G. Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Chris A. Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Vast Therapeutics, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Oduro-Kwateng E, Soliman ME. DON/DRP-104 as potent serine protease inhibitors implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Comparative binding modes with human TMPRSS2 and novel therapeutic approach. J Cell Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38284235 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Human transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is an important member of the type 2 transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family with significant therapeutic markings. The search for potent TMPRSS2 inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection with favorable tissue specificity and off-site toxicity profiles remains limited. Therefore, probing the anti-TMPRSS2 potential of enhanced drug delivery systems, such as nanotechnology and prodrug systems, has become compelling. We report the first in silico study of TMPRSS2 against a prodrug, [isopropyl(S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxo-hexanoate] also known as DRP-104 synthesized from 6-Diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON). We performed comparative studies on DON and DRP-104 against a clinically potent TMPRSS2 inhibitor, nafamostat, and a standard serine protease inhibitor, 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) against TMPRSS2 and found improved TMPRSS2 inhibition through synergistic binding of the S1/S1' subdomains. Both DON and DRP-104 had better thermodynamic profiles than AEBSF and nafamostat. DON was found to confer structural stability with strong positive correlated inter-residue motions, whereas DRP-104 was found to confer kinetic stability with restricted residue displacements and reduced loop flexibility. Interestingly, the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich (SRCR) domain of TMPRSS2 may be involved in its inhibition mechanics. Two previously unidentified loops, designated X (270-275) and Y (293-296) underwent minimal and major structural transitions, respectively. In addition, residues 273-277 consistently transitioned to a turn conformation in all ligated systems, whereas unique transitions were identified for other transitioning residue groups in each TMPRSS2-inhibitor complex. Intriguingly, while both DON and DRP-104 showed similar loop transition patterns, DRP-104 preserved loop structural integrity. As evident from our systematic comparative study using experimentally/clinically validated inhibitors, DRP-104 may serve as a potent and novel TMPRSS2 inhibitor and warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Oduro-Kwateng
- School of Health Sciences, Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E Soliman
- School of Health Sciences, Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Research Group, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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16
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Ruparelia KC, Zeka K, Beresford KJM, Wilsher NE, Potter GA, Androutsopoulos VP, Brucoli F, Arroo RRJ. CYP1-Activation and Anticancer Properties of Synthetic Methoxylated Resveratrol Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:423. [PMID: 38257336 PMCID: PMC10818546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring stilbenoids, such as the (E)-stilbenoid resveratrol and the (Z)-stilbenoid combretastatin A4, have been considered as promising lead compounds for the development of anticancer drugs. The antitumour properties of stilbenoids are known to be modulated by cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which contribute to extrahepatic phase I xenobiotic and drug metabolism. Thirty-four methyl ether analogues of resveratrol were synthesised, and their anticancer properties were assessed, using the MTT cell proliferation assay on a panel of human breast cell lines. Breast tumour cell lines that express CYP1 were significantly more strongly affected by the resveratrol analogues than the cell lines that did not have CYP1 activity. Metabolism studies using isolated CYP1 enzymes provided further evidence that (E)-stilbenoids can be substrates for these enzymes. Structures of metabolic products were confirmed by comparison with synthetic standards and LC-MS co-elution studies. The most promising stilbenoid was (E)-4,3',4',5'-tetramethoxystilbene (DMU212). The compound itself showed low to moderate cytotoxicity, but upon CYP1-catalysed dealkylation, some highly cytotoxic metabolites were formed. Thus, DMU212 selectively affects proliferation of cells that express CYP1 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan C. Ruparelia
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Keti Zeka
- Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kenneth J. M. Beresford
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Nicola E. Wilsher
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Gerry A. Potter
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Vasilis P. Androutsopoulos
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Federico Brucoli
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
| | - Randolph R. J. Arroo
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (K.C.R.); (K.J.M.B.); (N.E.W.); (R.R.J.A.)
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17
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Pereira-Silva M, Miranda-Pastoriza D, Diaz-Gomez L, Sotelo E, Paiva-Santos AC, Veiga F, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Gemcitabine-Vitamin E Prodrug-Loaded Micelles for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:95. [PMID: 38258105 PMCID: PMC10819901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive cancer subtype presenting unmet clinical challenges. Conventional chemotherapy, which includes antimetabolite gemcitabine (GEM), is seriously undermined by a short half-life, its lack of targeting ability, and systemic toxicity. GEM incorporation in self-assembled nanosystems is still underexplored due to GEM's hydrophilicity which hinders efficient encapsulation. We hypothesized that vitamin E succinate-GEM prodrug (VES-GEM conjugate) combines hydrophobicity and multifunctionalities that can facilitate the development of Pluronic® F68 and Pluronic® F127 micelle-based nanocarriers, improving the therapeutic potential of GEM. Pluronic® F68/VES-GEM and Pluronic® F127/VES-GEM micelles covering a wide range of molar ratios were prepared by solvent evaporation applying different purification methods, and characterized regarding size, charge, polydispersity index, morphology, and encapsulation. Moreover, the effect of sonication and ultrasonication and the influence of a co-surfactant were explored together with drug release, stability, blood compatibility, efficacy against tumour cells, and cell uptake. The VES-GEM conjugate-loaded micelles showed acceptable size and high encapsulation efficiency (>95%) following an excipient reduction rationale. Pluronic® F127/VES-GEM micelles evidenced a superior VES-GEM release profile (cumulative release > 50%, pH = 7.4), stability, cell growth inhibition (<50% cell viability for 100 µM VES-GEM), blood compatibility, and extensive cell internalization, and therefore represent a promising approach to leveraging the efficacy and safety of GEM for PC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Darío Miranda-Pastoriza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Farmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (E.S.)
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Farmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (E.S.)
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Jones NT, Wagner L, Hahn MCP, Scarlett CO, Wenthur CJ. In vivo validation of psilacetin as a prodrug yielding modestly lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1303365. [PMID: 38264637 PMCID: PMC10804612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1303365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of the psychedelic compound psilocybin in conjunction with psychotherapy has shown promising results in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, though the underlying mechanisms supporting these effects remain unclear. Psilocybin is a Schedule I substance that is dephosphorylated in vivo to form an active metabolite, psilocin. Psilacetin, also known as O-acetylpsilocin or 4-acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT), is an unscheduled compound that has long been suggested as an alternative psilocin prodrug, though direct in vivo support for this hypothesis has thus far been lacking. Methods This study employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess the time-course and plasma concentrations of psilocin following the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of psilacetin fumarate or psilocybin to male and female C57Bl6/J mice. Results Direct comparisons of the time courses for psilocin exposure arising from psilocybin and psilacetin found that psilocybin led to 10-25% higher psilocin concentrations than psilacetin at 15-min post-injection. The half-life of psilocin remained approximately 30 min, irrespective of whether it came from psilocybin or psilacetin. Overall, the relative amount of psilocin exposure from psilacetin fumarate was found to be approximately 70% of that from psilocybin. Discussion These findings provide the first direct support for the long-standing assumption in the field that psilacetin functions as a prodrug for psilocin in vivo. In addition, these results indicate that psilacetin fumarate results in lower peripheral psilocin exposure than psilocybin when dosed on an equimolar basis. Thoughtful substitution of psilocybin with psilacetin fumarate appears to be a viable approach for conducting mechanistic psychedelic research in C57Bl6/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura Wagner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Molly C. Pellitteri Hahn
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cameron O. Scarlett
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cody J. Wenthur
- School of Pharmacy, Transdisciplinary Center for Research in Psychoactive Substances, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Hui A, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yang L, Deng S, Zhang W, Zhou A, Wu Z. Enhanced Brain Targeting Delivery of Salvianic Acid Using Borneol as a Promoter of Blood/Brain Transport and Regulator of P-gp. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:726-733. [PMID: 36658705 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230119120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borneol can enhance the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of some drugs and suppress the efflux transport of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which will contribute to the brain delivery of salvianic acid A (SAA). OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop an approach to improve the brain targeting delivery of SAA with the aid of borneol. MATERIALS AND METHODS "Borneol" was involved in SAA via esterified prodrug SAA borneol ester (SBE) and combined administration (SAA-borneol, SAA-B). Subsequently, the blood-brain transport of SAA through brain/blood distribution and P-gp regulation via expression and function assay were investigated in rats. RESULTS The SBE and SAA-B-treated group received a three-fold brain concentration and longer t1/2 and retention period of active SAA than that of SAA alone (20.18/13.82 min vs. 6.48 min; 18.30/17.42 min vs. 11.46 min). In addition, blood to brain transport of active SAA in SBE was altered in comparison to that of SAA-B, ultimately resulting in a better drug targeting index (9.93 vs. 3.63). Further studies revealed that SBE-induced downregulation of P-gp expression occurred at the later stage of administration (60 min, P < 0.01), but SBE always showed a more powerful drug transport activity across BBB represented by Kp value of rhodamine 123 than SAA-B (30, 60 min, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The comparative results indicate that SBE exhibits prominent efficiency on SAA's targeting delivery through improved blood/brain metabolic properties and sustained inhibitory effect of "borneol" on P-gp efflux. Therefore, prodrug modification can be applied as a more effective approach for brain delivery of SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jinghe Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Li Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shaohuan Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - An Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
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Yamakoshi H, Fukuda M, Ikeda H, Fujiki S, Kohyama A, Nagasawa S, Shinozaki H, Shibata H, Iwabuchi Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Water-Soluble Prodrugs of C5-Curcuminoid GO-Y030 Based on Reversible Thia-Michael Reaction. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:127-134. [PMID: 38296515 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Although curcumin and its analogs exhibit anticancer activity, they are still not used as anticancer drugs because of their water insolubility and extremely poor bioavailability. This study describes the development of water-soluble prodrugs of GO-Y030, a potent antitumor C5-curcuminoid, in an attempt to enhance its bioavailability. These prodrugs release the parent compound via a retro-thia-Michael reaction. To endow sufficient hydrophilicity onto GO-Y030 via a single thia-Michael reaction of an aqueous entity, we used a modified glycoconjugate with a thiol group. The water-solubilizing motif was installed on GO-Y030 by the thia-Michael reaction of propargyl-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-thiol and subsequent click chemistry (CuAAC) reaction with 1-glycosyl azide. Turbidity measurements revealed a significantly improved water solubility of the prodrugs, demonstrating that disaccharide conjugates were completely dissolved in water at 100 µM. Their cytotoxicity was comparable to that of the parent compound GO-Y030, indicating the gradual in situ release of GO-Y030. The release of GO-Y030 from GO-Y199 via the retro-thia-Michael reaction was demonstrated through a degradation study in water. Our retro-thia-Michael reaction-based prodrug system can be used for targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiro Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shogo Fujiki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Aki Kohyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Hanae Shinozaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University
| | - Hiroyuki Shibata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University
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Tantra T, Singh Y, Patekar R, Kulkarni S, Kumar P, Thareja S. Phosphate Prodrugs: An Approach to Improve the Bioavailability of Clinically Approved Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:336-357. [PMID: 36757029 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230209094738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphate prodrug approach has emerged as a viable option for increasing the bioavailability of a drug candidate with low hydrophilicity and poor cell membrane permeability. When a phosphoric acid moiety is attached to the parent drug, it results in a several-fold elevation in aqueous solubility which helps to achieve desired bioavailability of the pharmaceutically active parental molecule. The neutral phosphate prodrugs have rapid diffusion ability through the plasma membrane as compared to their charged counterpart. The presence of phosphate mono ester breaking alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme throughout the whole human body, is the main consideration behind the development of phosphate prodrug strategy. The popularity of this phosphate prodrug strategy is increasing nowadays due to the fulfillment of different desired pharmacokinetic characteristics required to get pharmaceutical and therapeutic responses without showing any serious adverse drug reactions (ADR). This review article mainly focuses on various phosphate prodrugs synthesized within the last decade to get an improved pharmacological response of the parent moiety along with various preclinical and clinical challenges associated with this approach. Emphasis is also given to the chemical mechanism to release the parent moiety from the prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Tantra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Rohan Patekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Swanand Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
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Su M, Ji X, Liu F, Li Z, Yan D. Chemical Strategies Toward Prodrugs and Fluorescent Probes for Gasotransmitters. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:300-329. [PMID: 37102481 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230427152234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Three gaseous molecules are widely accepted as important gasotransmitters in mammalian cells, namely NO, CO and H2S. Due to the pharmacological effects observed in preclinical studies, these three gasotransmitters represent promising drug candidates for clinical translation. Fluorescent probes of the gasotransmitters are also in high demand; however, the mechanisms of actions or the roles played by gasotransmitters under both physiological and pathological conditions remain to be answered. In order to bring these challenges to the attention of both chemists and biologists working in this field, we herein summarize the chemical strategies used for the design of both probes and prodrugs of these three gasotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Suzhou University, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Suzhou University, China
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
| | - Duanyang Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzhou University, China
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Speckmann B, Ehring E, Hu J, Rodriguez Mateos A. Exploring substrate-microbe interactions: a metabiotic approach toward developing targeted synbiotic compositions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2305716. [PMID: 38300741 PMCID: PMC10841028 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an important modulator of human health and contributes to high inter-individual variation in response to food and pharmaceutical ingredients. The clinical outcomes of interventions with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been mixed and often unpredictable, arguing for novel approaches for developing microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Here, we review how the gut microbiota determines the fate of and individual responses to dietary and xenobiotic compounds via its immense metabolic potential. We highlight that microbial metabolites play a crucial role as targetable mediators in the microbiota-host health relationship. With this in mind, we expand the concept of synbiotics beyond prebiotics' role in facilitating growth and engraftment of probiotics, by focusing on microbial metabolism as a vital mode of action thereof. Consequently, we discuss synbiotic compositions that enable the guided metabolism of dietary or co-formulated ingredients by specific microbes leading to target molecules with beneficial functions. A workflow to develop novel synbiotics is presented, including the selection of promising target metabolites (e.g. equol, urolithin A, spermidine, indole-3 derivatives), identification of suitable substrates and producer strains applying bioinformatic tools, gut models, and eventually human trials.In conclusion, we propose that discovering and enabling specific substrate-microbe interactions is a valuable strategy to rationally design synbiotics that could establish a new category of hybrid nutra-/pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaying Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Wang Q, Jin D, Liu C, Shi L, Li T. A Tumor-Specific Cascade-Activating Smart Prodrug System for Enhanced Targeted Therapy. Small 2023:e2309482. [PMID: 38150668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing intelligently targeted drugs with low side effects is urgent for cancer treatment. Toward this goal, a tumor-specific cascade-activating smart prodrug system consisting of a G-quadruplex(G4)-modulated tumor-targeted DNA vehicle and a well-designed cellular stimuli-responsive ligand-drug conjugates (LDCs) is proposed. An original "donor-acceptor" binary fluorescent ligand, with ultrahigh affinity, brightness, and photostability, is engineered to tightly bind G4 structures and significantly improve the nuclease resistance of the DNA vehicle, which serves as a bridge contributing to the construction of the prodrug system, named ApG4/LDCs. Sodium nitroprusside and doxorubicin are loaded into ApG4/LDCs in one pot and generate nitric oxide and superoxide anion in response to cancer cellular environments, which in cascade generates peroxynitrite to cause DNA damage while promoting the self-monitored drug release to achieve enhanced targeted therapy. Such a cascade activation and self-reinforcement process is executed only when the prodrug system targets the tumor tissue followed by cell uptake, showing significant antitumor efficacy and greatly weakening the damage to normal tissues. Given the unique features, the innovative strategy for prodrug design may open a new door to precision disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Duo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chengbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Darnotuk ES, Siniavin AE, Shastina NS, Luyksaar SI, Inshakova AM, Bondareva NE, Zolotov SA, Lubenec NL, Sheremet AB, Logunov DY, Zigangirova NA, Gushchin VA, Gintsburg AL. Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine Ester Prodrugs as Potential Compounds for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:35. [PMID: 38256869 PMCID: PMC10821229 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 infection continues due to the emergence of multiple transmissible and immune-evasive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although various vaccines have been developed and several drugs have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19, the development of new drugs to combat COVID-19 is still necessary. In this work, new 5'-O-ester derivatives of N4-hydroxycytidine based on carboxylic acids were developed and synthesized by Steglich esterification. The antiviral activity of the compounds was assessed in vitro-inhibiting the cytopathic effect of HCoV-229E, and three variants of SARS-CoV-2, on huh-7 and Vero E6 cells. Data have shown that most synthesized derivatives exhibit high activity against coronaviruses. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structure of the compounds and their antiviral effect has been established. The obtained results show that the most active compound was conjugate SN_22 based on 3-methyl phenoxyacetic acid. The results of this study indicate the potential advantage of the chemical strategies used to modify NHC as a promising avenue to be explored in vivo, which could lead to the development of drugs with improved pharmacological properties that potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta S. Darnotuk
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Siniavin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natal’ya S. Shastina
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I. Luyksaar
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Anna M. Inshakova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia E. Bondareva
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Sergey A. Zolotov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nadezhda L. Lubenec
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Anna B. Sheremet
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Nailya A. Zigangirova
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Gushchin
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution “National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (E.S.D.); (N.S.S.); (S.I.L.); (A.M.I.); (N.E.B.); (S.A.Z.); (N.L.L.); (A.B.S.); (D.Y.L.); (N.A.Z.); (A.L.G.)
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Guo C, Wu M, Guo Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Peng X, Dong J, Sun X, Zhang Z, Xiao P, Gong T. Hypoxia-Responsive Golgi-Targeted Prodrug Assembled with Anthracycline for Improved Antitumor and Antimetastasis Efficacy. ACS Nano 2023; 17:24972-24987. [PMID: 38093174 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is an intricate multistep process regulated via various proteins and enzymes modified and secreted by swollen Golgi apparatus in tumor cells. Thus, Golgi complex is considered as an important target for the remedy of metastasis. Currently, Golgi targeting technologies are mostly employed in Golgi-specific fluorescent probes for diagnosis, but their applications in therapy are rarely reported. Herein, we proposed a prodrug (INR) that can target and destroy the Golgi apparatus, which consisted of indomethacin (IMC) as the Golgi targeting moiety and retinoic acid (RA), a Golgi disrupting agent. The linker between IMC and RA was designed as a hypoxia-responsive nitroaromatic structure, which ensured the release of the prototype drugs in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, INR could be assembled with pirarubicin (THP), an anthracycline, to form a carrier-free nanoparticle (NP) by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. A small amount of mPEG2000-DSPE was added to shield the positive charges and improve the stability of the nanoparticle to obtain PEG-modified nanoparticle (PNP). It was proved that INR released the prototype drugs in tumor cells and hypoxia promoted the release. The Golgi destructive effect of RA in INR was amplified owing to the Golgi targeting ability of IMC, and IMC also inhibited the protumor COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Finally, PNP exhibited excellent curative efficacy on 4T1 primary tumor and its pulmonary and hepatic metastasis. The small molecular therapeutic prodrug targeting Golgi apparatus could be adapted to multifarious drug delivery systems and disease models, which expanded the application of Golgi targeting tactics in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaofei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianxia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peihong Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang S, Fu Q, Su L, Wu Y, Zhu K, Yang DC, Yang XZ, Weng XL, Liu JY, Song J. Self-Reporting Molecular Prodrug for In Situ Quantitative Sensing of Drug Release by Ratiometric Photoacoustic Imaging. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4737-4746. [PMID: 38008917 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of prodrugs in vivo necessitates quantitative, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of drug release, despite its difficulty. Ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a promising deep tissue imaging technology with a unique capacity for self-calibration, can aid in solving this problem. Here, for the first time, a methylamino-substituted Aza-BODIPY (BDP-N) and the chemotherapeutic drug camptothecin (CPT) are joined via a disulfide chain to produce the molecular theranostic prodrug (BSC) for real-time tumor mapping and quantitative visualization of intratumoral drug release using ratiometric PA imaging. Intact BSC has an extremely low toxicity, with a maximum absorption at ∼720 nm; however, endogenous glutathione (GSH), which is overexpressed in tumors, will cleave the disulfide bond and liberate CPT (with full toxicity) and BDP-N. This is accompanied by a significant redshift in absorption at ∼800 nm, resulting in the PA800/PA720 ratio. In vitro, a linear relationship is successfully established between PA800/PA720 values and CPT release rates, and subsequent experiments demonstrate that this relationship can also be applied to the quantitative detection of intratumoral CPT release in vivo. Notably, the novel ratiometric strategy eliminates nonresponsive interference and amplifies the multiples of the signal response to significantly improve the imaging contrast and detection precision. Therefore, this research offers a viable alternative for the design of molecular theranostic agents for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P. R. China
| | - Lichao Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
| | - De-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University) and National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Song
- State laboratory of Chemical Source Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10010, P. R. China
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Sugimoto N, Hayashi J, Funaki R, Wada SI, Wada F, Harada-Shiba M, Urata H. Prodrug-Type Phosphotriester Oligonucleotides with Linear Disulfide Promoieties Responsive to Reducing Environment. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300526. [PMID: 37840006 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Various chemical modifications have been developed to create new antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) for clinical applications. Our previously designed prodrug-type phosphotriester-modified oligonucleotide with cyclic disulfides (cyclic SS PTE ON) can be converted into unmodified ON in an intracellular-mimetic reducing environment. However, the conversion rate of the cyclic SS PTE ON was very low, and the AON with cyclic SS PTE modifications showed much weaker antisense activity than corresponding to the fully phosphorothioate-modified AON. In this study, we synthesized several types of PTE ONs containing linear disulfides (linear SS PTE ONs) and evaluated their conversion rates under reducing conditions. From the results, the structural requirements for the conversion of the synthesized linear SS PTE ONs were elucidated. Linear SS PTE ON with promising promoieties showed a nuclease resistance up to 4.8-fold compared to unmodified ON and a cellular uptake by endocytosis without any transfection reagent. In addition, although the knockdown activity of the linear SS PTE gapmer AON is weaker than that of the fully phosphorothioate-modified gapmer AON, the knockdown activity is slightly stronger than that of the cyclic SS PTE gapmer AON. These results suggest that the conversion rates may be related to the expression of the antisense activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Sugimoto
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Junsuke Hayashi
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ryohei Funaki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Wada
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Fumito Wada
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
- Present address: Liid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.21001 Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hidehito Urata
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
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Zielewicz LJ, Wang J, Ndaru E, Maney B, Yu X, Albers T, Grewer C. Design and Characterization of Prodrug-like Inhibitors for Preventing Glutamate Efflux through Reverse Transport. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4252-4263. [PMID: 37994790 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate transporters are responsible for active transport of the major excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate across the cell membrane, regulating the extracellular glutamate concentration in the mammalian brain. Extracellular glutamate levels in the brain are usually in the submicromolar range but can increase by exocytosis, inhibition of cellular uptake, or through glutamate release by reverse transport, as well as other mechanisms, which can lead to neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death. Such conditions can be encountered upon energy deprivation during an ischemic stroke. Here, we developed acetoxymethyl (AM) ester prodrug-like derivatives of excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) inhibitors that permeate the cell membrane and are activated, most likely through hydrolysis by endogenous cellular esterases, to form the active EAAT inhibitor. Upon increase in external K+ concentration, the inhibitors block glutamate efflux by EAAT reverse transport. Using a novel high-affinity fluorescent prodrug-like inhibitor, dl-threo-9-anthracene-methoxy-aspartate (TAOA) AM ester, we demonstrate that the precursor rapidly accumulates inside cells. Electrophysiological methods and fluorescence assays utilizing the iGluSnFR external glutamate sensor were used to demonstrate the efficacy of AM ester-protected inhibitors in inhibiting K+-mediated glutamate release. Together, our results provide evidence for a novel method to potentially prevent glutamate release by reverse transport under pathophysiological conditions in a model cell system, as well as in human astrocytes, while leaving glutamate uptake under physiological conditions operational. This method could have wide-ranging applications in the prevention of glutamate-induced neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Zielewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Elias Ndaru
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Brien Maney
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Xiaozhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Thomas Albers
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Christof Grewer
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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30
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common intestinal disorders, with increasing global incidence and prevalence. Numerous therapeutic drugs are available but require intravenous administration and are associated with high toxicity and insufficient patient compliance. Here, an oral liposome that entraps the activatable corticosteroid anti-inflammatory budesonide was developed for efficacious and safe IBD therapy. The prodrug was produced via the ligation of budesonide with linoleic acid linked by a hydrolytic ester bond, which was further constrained into lipid constituents to form colloidal stable nanoliposomes (termed budsomes). Chemical modification with linoleic acid augmented the compatibility and miscibility of the resulting prodrug in lipid bilayers to provide protection from the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract, while liposomal nanoformulation enables preferential accumulation to inflamed vasculature. Hence, when delivered orally, budsomes exhibited high stability with low drug release in the stomach in the presence of ultra-acidic pH but released active budesonide after accumulation in inflamed intestinal tissues. Notably, oral administration of budsomes demonstrated favorable anti-colitis effect with only ∼7% mouse body weight loss, whereas at least ∼16% weight loss was observed in other treatment groups. Overall, budsomes exhibited higher therapeutic efficiency than free budesonide treatment and potently induced remission of acute colitis without any adverse side effects. These data suggest a new and reliable approach for improving the efficacy of budesonide. Our in vivo preclinical data demonstrate the safety and increased efficacy of the budsome platform for IBD treatment, further supporting clinical evaluation of this orally efficacious budesonide therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.,Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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31
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Tosun Ç, Wallabregue ALD, Mallerman M, Phillips SE, Edwards CM, Conway SJ, Hammond EM. Antibody-Based Imaging of Bioreductive Prodrug Release in Hypoxia. JACS Au 2023; 3:3237-3246. [PMID: 38034969 PMCID: PMC10685431 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia occur in most tumors and are a predictor of poor patient prognosis. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) provide an ideal strategy to target the aggressive, hypoxic, fraction of a tumor, while protecting the normal tissue from toxicity. A key challenge associated with the development of novel HAPs, however, is the ability to visualize the delivery of the prodrug to hypoxic regions and determine where it has been activated. Here, we report a modified version of the commonly used nitroimidazole bioreductive group that incorporates the fluoroethyl epitope of the antibody-based hypoxia imaging agent, EF5. Attachment of this group to the red fluorescent dye, dicyanomethylene (DCM), enabled us to correlate the release of the DCM dye with imaging of the reduced bioreductive group using the EF5 antibody. This study confirmed that the antibody was imaging reduction and fragmentation of the pro-fluorophore. We next employed the modified bioreductive group to synthesize a new prodrug of the KDAC inhibitor Panobinostat, EF5-Pano. Release of EF5-Pano in hypoxic multiple myeloma cells was imaged using the EF5 antibody, and the presence of an imaging signal correlated with apoptosis and a reduction in cell viability. Therefore, EF5-Pano is an imageable HAP with a proven cytotoxic effect in multiple myeloma, which could be utilized in future in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Tosun
- Department
of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Antoine L. D. Wallabregue
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Maxim Mallerman
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Sarah E. Phillips
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Claire M. Edwards
- Nuffield
Department of Surgical Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7HE, U.K.
- Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, U.K.
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California CA90095, United States
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Department
of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
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Zhang W, Wang D, Ostertag-Hill CA, Han Y, Li X, Zheng Y, Lu B, Kohane DS. On-Demand Opioid Effect Reversal with an Injectable Light-Triggered Polymer-Naloxone Conjugate. Nano Lett 2023; 23:10545-10553. [PMID: 37937844 PMCID: PMC10949359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Misuse of opioids can lead to a potential lethal overdose. Timely administration of naloxone is critical for survival. Here, we designed a polymer-naloxone conjugate that can provide on-demand phototriggered opioid reversal. Naloxone was attached to the polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) via a photocleavable coumarin linkage and formulated as injectable nanoparticles. In the absence of irradiation, the formulation did not release naloxone. Upon irradiation with blue (400 nm) light, the nanoparticles released free naloxone, reversing the effect of morphine in mice. Such triggered events could be performed days and weeks after the initial administration of the nanoparticles and could be performed repeatedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dali Wang
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Claire A. Ostertag-Hill
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yiyuan Han
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiyu Li
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Berwyn Lu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel S. Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, The Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Kim J, Kang C, Yoo JW, Yoon IS, Jung Y. N-Succinylaspartic-Acid-Conjugated Riluzole Is a Safe and Potent Colon-Targeted Prodrug of Riluzole against DNBS-Induced Rat Colitis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2638. [PMID: 38004616 PMCID: PMC10675528 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, riluzole azo-linked to salicylic acid (RAS) was prepared as a colon-targeted prodrug of riluzole (RLZ) to facilitate the repositioning of RLZ as an anticolitic drug. RAS is more effective against rat colitis than RLZ and sulfasalazine, currently used as an anti-inflammatory bowel disease drug. The aim of this study is to further improve colon specificity, anticolitic potency, and safety of RAS. N-succinylaspart-1-ylRLZ (SAR) and N-succinylglutam-1-ylRLZ (SGR) were synthesized and evaluated as a "me-better" colon-targeted prodrug of RLZ against rat colitis. SAR but not SGR was converted to RLZ in the cecal contents, whereas both conjugates remained intact in the small intestine. When comparing the colon specificity of SAR with that of RAS, the distribution coefficient and cell permeability of SAR were lower than those of RAS. In parallel, oral SAR delivered a greater amount of RLZ to the cecum of rats than oral RAS. In a DNBS-induced rat model of colitis, oral SAR mitigated colonic damage and inflammation and was more potent than oral RAS. Moreover, upon oral administration, SAR had a greater ability to limit the systemic absorption of RLZ than RAS, indicating a reduced risk of systemic side effects of SAR. Taken together, SAR may be a "me-better" colon-targeted prodrug of RLZ to improve the safety and anticolitic potency of RAS, an azo-type colon-targeted prodrug of RLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (C.K.); (J.-W.Y.); (I.-S.Y.)
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34
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Ashoorzadeh A, Mowday AM, Abbattista MR, Guise CP, Bull MR, Silva S, Patterson AV, Smaill JB. Design and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine-Bearing Nitrobenzamide Hypoxia/GDEPT Prodrugs: The Discovery of CP-506. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1517-1523. [PMID: 37974941 PMCID: PMC10641903 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Off-target aerobic activation of PR-104A by human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) has confounded the development of this dual hypoxia/gene therapy prodrug. Previous attempts to design prodrugs resistant to AKR1C3 activation have resulted in candidates that require further optimization. Herein we report the evaluation of a lipophilic series of PR-104A analogues in which a piperazine moiety has been introduced to improve drug-like properties. Octanol-water partition coefficients (LogD7.4) spanned >2 orders of magnitude. 2D antiproliferative and 3D multicellular clonogenic assays using isogenic HCT116 and H1299 cells confirmed that all examples were resistant to AKR1C3 metabolism while producing an E. coli NfsA nitroreductase-mediated bystander effect. Prodrugs 16, 17, and 20 demonstrated efficacy in H1299 xenografts where only a minority of tumor cells express NfsA. These prodrugs and their bromo/mesylate counterparts (25-27) were also evaluated for hypoxia-selective cell killing in vitro. These results in conjunction with stability assays recommended prodrug 26 (CP-506) for Phase I/II clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ashoorzadeh
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra M. Mowday
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maria R. Abbattista
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christopher P. Guise
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R. Bull
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shevan Silva
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adam V. Patterson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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35
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Zwueste DM, Vernau KM, Vernau W, Pypendop BH, Knych HK, Rodrigues CA, Kol A, Questa M, Dickinson PJ. Oral cytarabine ocfosfate pharmacokinetics and assessment of leukocyte biomarkers in normal dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2429-2442. [PMID: 37670479 PMCID: PMC10658504 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is a nucleoside analog prodrug utilized for immunomodulatory effects mediated by its active metabolite Ara-CTP. Optimal dosing protocols for immunomodulation in dogs have not been defined. Cytarabine ocfosfate (CO) is a lipophilic prodrug of Ara-C that can be administered PO and provides prolonged serum concentrations of Ara-C. OBJECTIVES Provide pharmacokinetic data for orally administered CO and determine accumulation and functional consequences of Ara-CTP within peripheral blood leukocytes. ANIMALS Three healthy female hound dogs and 1 healthy male Beagle. METHODS Prospective study. Dogs received 200 mg/m2 of CO PO q24h for 7 doses. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CO and Ara-C concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Complete blood counts, flow cytometry, and leukocyte activation assays were done up to 21 days. Incorporation of Ara-CTP within leukocyte DNA was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Maximum serum concentration (Cmax ) for Ara-C was 456.1-724.0 ng/mL (1.88-2.98 μM) and terminal half-life was 23.3 to 29.4 hours. Cerebrospinal fluid: serum Ara-C ratios ranged from 0.54 to 1.2. Peripheral blood lymphocyte concentrations remained within the reference range, but proliferation rates poststimulation were decreased at 6 days. Incorporation of Ara-CTP was not saturated and remained >25% of peak concentration at 13 days. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oral CO may produce prolonged serum Ara-C half-lives at concentrations sufficient to induce functional changes in peripheral leukocytes and is associated with prolonged retention of DNA-incorporated Ara-CTP. Application of functional and active metabolite assessment is feasible and may provide more relevant data to determine optimal dosing regimens for Ara-C-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Zwueste
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen M. Vernau
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruno H. Pypendop
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Heather K. Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytic Chemistry LaboratoryUC DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carlos A. Rodrigues
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria Questa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter J. Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Al-saraireh YM, Alshammari FOFO, Abu-azzam OH, Al-dalain SM, Al-sarayra YM, Haddad M, Makeen H, Al-Qtaitat A, Almermesh M, Al-sarayreh SA. Targeting Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers: New Approaches to Tumor-Selective Intervention. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 38001897 PMCID: PMC10669316 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been significant developments in treatment for ovarian cancer, yet the lack of targeted therapy with few side effects still represents a major issue. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a vital role in the tumorigenesis process and metabolism of drugs and has a negative impact on therapy outcomes. Gaining more insight into CYP expression is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer since many isoforms are essential to the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, which drive the disease's development. To the best of our knowledge, no review articles have documented the intratumoral expression of CYPs and their implications in ovarian cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a clear understanding of differential CYP expression in ovarian cancer and its implications for the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, together with the effects of CYP polymorphisms on chemotherapy metabolism. Finally, we discuss opportunities to exploit metabolic CYP expression for the development of novel therapeutic methods to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Al-saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Fatemah O. F. O. Alshammari
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 15432, Kuwait;
| | - Omar H. Abu-azzam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Sa’ed M. Al-dalain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Yahya M. Al-sarayra
- Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 86, Al-Karak 11118, Jordan;
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Hafiz Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Almermesh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameeh A. Al-sarayreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
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37
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Liu Y, Sun S, Li J, Wang W, Zhu HJ. Cell-Dependent Activation of ProTide Prodrugs and Its Implications in Antiviral Studies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1340-1346. [PMID: 37854623 PMCID: PMC10580387 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The ProTide prodrug design is a powerful tool to improve cell permeability and enhance the intracellular activation of nucleotide antiviral analogues. Previous in vitro studies showed that the activation of ProTide prodrugs varied in different cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the activation profiles of two antiviral prodrugs tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and sofosbuvir (SOF) in five cell lines commonly used in antiviral research, namely, Vero E6, Huh-7, Calu-3, A549, and Caco-2. We found that TAF and SOF were activated in a cell-dependent manner with Vero E6 being the least efficient and Huh-7 being the most efficient cell line for activating the prodrugs. We also demonstrated that TAF was activated at a significantly higher rate than SOF. We further analyzed the protein expressions of the activating enzymes carboxylesterase 1, cathepsin A, histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1, and the relevant drug transporters P-glycoprotein and organic anion-transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3 in the cell lines using the proteomics data extracted from the literature and proteome database. The results revealed significant differences in the expression patterns of the enzymes and transporters among the cell lines, which might partially contribute to the observed cell-dependent activation of TAF and SOF. These findings highlight the variability of the abundance of activating enzymes and transporters between cell lines and emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate cell lines for assessing the antiviral efficacy of nucleoside/nucleotide prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiapeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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Vanangamudi M, Palaniappan S, Kathiravan MK, Namasivayam V. Strategies in the Design and Development of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs). Viruses 2023; 15:1992. [PMID: 37896769 PMCID: PMC10610861 DOI: 10.3390/v15101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To date, thousands of people have lost their lives annually due to HIV infection, and it continues to be a big public health issue globally. Since the discovery of the first drug, Zidovudine (AZT), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), to date, 30 drugs have been approved by the FDA, primarily targeting reverse transcriptase, integrase, and/or protease enzymes. The majority of these drugs target the catalytic and allosteric sites of the HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Compared to the NRTI family of drugs, the diverse chemical class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has special anti-HIV activity with high specificity and low toxicity. However, current clinical usage of NRTI and NNRTI drugs has limited therapeutic value due to their adverse drug reactions and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To overcome drug resistance and efficacy issues, combination therapy is widely prescribed for HIV patients. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) includes more than one antiretroviral agent targeting two or more enzymes in the life cycle of the virus. Medicinal chemistry researchers apply different optimization strategies including structure- and fragment-based drug design, prodrug approach, scaffold hopping, molecular/fragment hybridization, bioisosterism, high-throughput screening, covalent-binding, targeting highly hydrophobic channel, targeting dual site, and multi-target-directed ligand to identify and develop novel NNRTIs with high antiviral activity against wild-type (WT) and mutant strains. The formulation experts design various delivery systems with single or combination therapies and long-acting regimens of NNRTIs to improve pharmacokinetic profiles and provide sustained therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Vanangamudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Senthilkumar Palaniappan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India;
- Center for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthu Kumaradoss Kathiravan
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRMIST, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- LIED, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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39
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Xiao Q, Li Z, Miao Y, Xia J, Wu M. Editorial: Prodrug design and therapeutic applications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1280190. [PMID: 37808189 PMCID: PMC10557042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1280190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qicai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengqiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Miao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Sargolzaei M, Nikoofard H. Design of prodrug for stereoisomers of omapatrilat to cross the blood-brain barrier using docking, homology modeling, MD, and QM/MM methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37728537 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2259488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a suitable ester prodrug for omapatrilat to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and treat CNS diseases. Based on the ADMET properties, the methyl carboxylate ester of omapatrilat was chosen from among several prodrug structures. Sixteen methyl carboxylate esters were constructed for omapatrilat. The structure of brain carboxylesterase was derived via homology modeling, and molecular docking was used to determine the most potent stereoisomers against brain carboxylesterase. The top three stereoisomer complexes, and the apo form of the protein, were then considered using molecular dynamics simulation and MM/GBSA analysis. Following the simulation, structural analysis was performed using RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bond analysis tools. Our data demonstrated that the prodrug of RSSR is a suitable structure for crossing the blood-brain barrier and binding to brain carboxylesterase. In addition, we found via QM/MM calculation that the catalytic reaction of the prodrug of RSSR against brain carboxylesterase occurs via two steps, including acylation and diacylation steps. Based on our findings, we propose a clinical trial of a methyl carboxylate ester prodrug of omapatrilat's RSSR for the treatment of brain diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sargolzaei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikoofard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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41
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Nabawy A, Gupta A, Jiang M, Hirschbiegel CM, Fedeli S, Chattopadhyay AN, Park J, Zhang X, Liu L, Rotello VM. Biodegradable nanoemulsion-based bioorthogonal nanocatalysts for intracellular generation of anticancer therapeutics. Nanoscale 2023; 15:13595-13602. [PMID: 37554065 PMCID: PMC10528015 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01801f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalysis mediated by transition metal catalysts (TMCs) provides controlled in situ activation of prodrugs through chemical reactions that do not interfere with cellular bioprocesses. The direct use of 'naked' TMCs in biological environments can have issues of solubility, deactivation, and toxicity. Here, we demonstrate the design and application of a biodegradable nanoemulsion-based scaffold stabilized by a cationic polymer that encapsulates a palladium-based TMC, generating bioorthogonal nanocatalyst "polyzymes". These nanocatalysts enhance the stability and catalytic activity of the TMCs while maintaining excellent mammalian cell biocompatibility. The therapeutic potential of these nanocatalysts was demonstrated through efficient activation of a non-toxic prodrug into an active chemotherapeutic drug, leading to efficient killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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42
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Kamzeeva PN, Aralov AV, Alferova VA, Korshun VA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Nucleoside Antivirals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6851-6879. [PMID: 37623252 PMCID: PMC10453654 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new drugs has been greatly accelerated by the emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant strains of known pathogens. Nucleoside analogues (NAs) are a prospective class of antivirals due to known safety profiles, which are important for rapid repurposing in the fight against emerging pathogens. Recent improvements in research methods have revealed new unexpected details in the mechanisms of action of NAs that can pave the way for new approaches for the further development of effective drugs. This review accounts advanced techniques in viral polymerase targeting, new viral and host enzyme targeting approaches, and prodrug-based strategies for the development of antiviral NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir A. Korshun
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (P.N.K.); (A.V.A.); (V.A.A.)
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43
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Stachulski AV, Rossignol JF, Pate S, Taujanskas J, Iggo JA, Aerts R, Pascal E, Piacentini S, La Frazia S, Santoro MG, van Vooren L, Sintubin L, Cooper M, Swift K, O’Neill PM. Thiazolide Prodrug Esters and Derived Peptides: Synthesis and Activity. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2023; 3:327-334. [PMID: 37599793 PMCID: PMC10436260 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid ester prodrugs of the thiazolides, introduced to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drugs, proved to be stable as their salts but were unstable at pH > 5. Although some of the instability was due to simple hydrolysis, we have found that the main end products of the degradation were peptides formed by rearrangement. These peptides were stable solids: they maintained significant antiviral activity, and in general, they showed improved pharmacokinetics (better solubility and reduced clearance) compared to the parent thiazolides. We describe the preparation and evaluation of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Stachulski
- Donnan
and Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | | | - Sophie Pate
- Donnan
and Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Joshua Taujanskas
- Donnan
and Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Jonathan A. Iggo
- Donnan
and Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Rudi Aerts
- Romark
Belgium BVBA, Roosveld
6, 3400 Landen, Belgium
| | | | - Sara Piacentini
- Department
of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone La Frazia
- Department
of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Gabriella Santoro
- Department
of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Institute
of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Area della Ricerca di Roma 2, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Mark Cooper
- Bio-Techne, Avonmouth, Bristol BS11 9QD, U.K.
| | - Karl Swift
- Bio-Techne, Avonmouth, Bristol BS11 9QD, U.K.
| | - Paul M. O’Neill
- Donnan
and Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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Rosales-Hurtado M, Sannio F, Lari L, Verdirosa F, Feller G, Carretero E, Vo-Hoang Y, Licznar-Fajardo P, Docquier JD, Gavara L. Zidovudine-β-Lactam Pronucleoside Strategy for Selective Delivery into Gram-Negative Bacteria Triggered by β-Lactamases. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1546-1557. [PMID: 37439673 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Addressing antibacterial resistance is a major concern of the modern world. The development of new approaches to meet this deadly threat is a critical priority. In this article, we investigate a new approach to negate bacterial resistance: exploit the β-lactam bond cleavage by β-lactamases to selectively trigger antibacterial prodrugs into the bacterial periplasm. Indeed, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens commonly produce several β-lactamases that are able to inactivate β-lactam antibiotics, our most reliable and widely used therapeutic option. The chemical structure of these prodrugs is based on a monobactam promoiety, covalently attached to the active antibacterial substance, zidovudine (AZT). We describe the synthesis of 10 prodrug analogues (5a-h) in four to nine steps and their biological activity. Selective enzymatic activation by a panel of β-lactamases is demonstrated, and subsequent structure-activity relationships are discussed. The best compounds are further evaluated for their activity on both laboratory strains and clinical isolates, preliminary stability, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyanou Rosales-Hurtado
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lindita Lari
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Federica Verdirosa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines-InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Elodie Carretero
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Yen Vo-Hoang
- HSM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, Centre d'Ingénierie des Protéines-InBioS, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gavara
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
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45
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Botti G, Bianchi A, Dalpiaz A, Tedeschi P, Albanese V, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Bonferoni MC, Beggiato S, Pavan B. Dimeric ferulic acid conjugate as a prodrug for brain targeting after nasal administration of loaded solid lipid microparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1657-1679. [PMID: 38014509 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2286369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferulic acid (Fer) displays antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties useful against neurodegenerative diseases. To increase Fer uptake and its central nervous system residence time, a dimeric prodrug, optimizing the Fer loading on nasally administrable solid lipid microparticles (SLMs), was developed. METHODS The prodrug was synthesized as Fer dimeric conjugate methylated on the carboxylic moiety. Prodrug antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties and ability to release Fer in physiologic environments were evaluated. Tristearin or stearic acid SLMs were obtained by hot emulsion technique. In vivo pharmacokinetics were quantified by HPLC. RESULTS The prodrug was able to release Fer in physiologic environments (whole blood and brain homogenates) and induce in vitro antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects. Its half-life in rats was 18.0 ± 1.9 min. Stearic acid SLMs, exhibiting the highest prodrug loading and dissolution rate, were selected for nasal administration to rats (1 mg/kg dose), allowing to obtain high prodrug bioavailability and prolonged residence in the cerebrospinal fluid, showing AUC (Area Under Concentration) values (108.5 ± 3.9 μg∙mL-1∙min) up to 30 times over those of Fer free drug, after its intravenous/nasal administration (3.3 ± 0.3/5.16 ± 0.20 μg∙mL-1∙min, respectively) at the same dose. Chitosan presence further improved the prodrug brain uptake. CONCLUSIONS Nasal administration of prodrug-loaded SLMs can be proposed as a noninvasive approach for neurodegenerative disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Botti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Bianchi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara and LTTA Center, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation-Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ferrara, Italy
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46
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Huang Q, Liu Z, Yang Y, Yang Y, Huang T, Hong Y, Zhang J, Chen Q, Zhao T, Xiao Z, Gong X, Jiang Y, Peng J, Nan Y, Ai K. Selenium Nanodots (SENDs) as Antioxidants and Antioxidant- Prodrugs to Rescue Islet β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Restoring Mitophagy and Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300880. [PMID: 37408520 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing islet β-cells death is crucial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, clinical drugs are being developed to improve the quality of T2DM care and self-care, but drugs focused on reducing islets β-cell death are lacking. Given that β-cell death in T2DM is dominated ultimately by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating excessive ROS in β-cells is a highly promising therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, no antioxidants have been approved for T2DM therapy because most of them cannot meet the long-term and stable elimination of ROS in β-cells without eliciting toxic side-effects. Here, it is proposed to restore the endogenous antioxidant capacity of β-cells to efficiently prevent β-cell death using selenium nanodots (SENDs), a prodrug of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1). SENDs not only scavenge ROS effectively, but also "send" selenium precisely to β-cells with ROS response to greatly enhance the antioxidant capacity of β-cells by increasing GPX1 expression. Therefore, SENDs greatly rescue β-cells by restoring mitophagy and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and demonstrate much stronger efficacy than the first-line drug metformin for T2DM treatment. Overall, this strategy highlights the great clinical application prospects of SENDs, offering a paradigm for an antioxidant enzyme prodrug for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zerun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunrong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zuoxiu Xiao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yitian Jiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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47
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Zaboli A, Raissi H, Hashemzadeh H, Farzad F. Graphene Oxide Hosting a pH-Sensitive Prodrug: An In Silico Investigation of Graphene Oxide-Based Nanovehicle toward Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023. [PMID: 37327458 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prodrug and drug delivery systems are two effective strategies for improving the selectivity of chemotherapeutics. Herein, via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and free energy calculation, the effectiveness of the graphene oxide (GO) decorated with the pH-sensitive prodrug (PD) molecules in cancer therapy is investigated. PEI-CA-DOX (prodrug) was loaded onto the GO surface, in which the hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions play the main role in the stability of the GO-PD complex. Due to the strong interaction of GO and PD (about -800 kJ/mol), the GO-PD complex remains stable during the membrane penetration process. The obtained results confirm that GO is a suitable surface for hosting the prodrug and passing it through the membrane. Furthermore, the investigation of the release process shows that the PD can be released under acidic conditions. This phenomenon is due to the reduction of the contribution of electrostatic energy in the GO and PD interaction and the entry of water into the drug delivery system. Moreover, it is found that an external electrical field does not have much effect on drug release. Our results provide a deep understanding of the prodrug delivery systems, which helps the combination of nanocarriers and modified chemotherapy drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Zaboli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
| | - Heidar Raissi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853076, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Farzad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
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48
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Bengtsson C, Gravenfors Y. Rapid Construction of a Chloromethyl-Substituted Duocarmycin-like Prodrug. Molecules 2023; 28:4818. [PMID: 37375372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of duocarmycin-like compounds is often associated with lengthy synthetic routes. Presented herein is the development of a short and convenient synthesis of a type of duocarmycin prodrug. The 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-e]indole-containing core is here constructed from commercially available Boc-5-bromoindole in four steps and 23% overall yield, utilizing a Buchwald-Hartwig amination followed by a sodium hydride-induced regioselective bromination. In addition, protocols for selective mono- and di-halogenations of positions 3 and 4 were also developed, which could be useful for further exploration of this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Bengtsson
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ylva Gravenfors
- Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23a, 17165 Solna, Sweden
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49
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Isaacs JT. Consequence of evolutionary loss of seasonal breeding by humans for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2023; 11:194-205. [PMID: 37441442 PMCID: PMC10333130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian evolution, circulating levels of gonadotropins [i.e., luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)] acquired regulation by environmental (e.g., light, temperature, water, food, predators, etc.), and social (e.g., sound, sight, aggression, crowding, etc.) inputs that determine the level of testosterone production and secretion by the testis and systemic levels in the blood. This regulation became coordinated by interaction between the retinohypothalamic-pineal and the hypothalamic-pituitary neural axes, which resulted in androgen levels and its ligand-dependent transducing receptor being the master downstream determinant of male reproduction. A major factor in this selection of androgen levels relates to the unique danger of mammalian reproduction for survival of the individual. During mammalian evolution, breeding needed for survival of the species became episodically (i.e., seasonally) timed by androgen levels. Seasonal breeding has great reproductive advantage in restricting energy requirements for reproduction and limiting dangers associated with procreation (i.e., survival of the species) at the expense of suppression of the flight instinct (i.e., survival of the individual) to the minimal time frame of the breeding season. Human males evolved away from strict seasonal breeding by chronically maintaining androgen levels, enabling human males to reproduce year-round and worldwide, rather than "locking" them into specific indigenous breeding ranges, like other mammals. The price for the reproductive "freedom" that arises from the loss of seasonal breeding is an increased probability of developing prostate cancer as a result of chronically maintaining a hyperplastic state in the prostate. In human males, this results in the loss of episodic pruning of genetically-mutated prostate cancer precursors that normally occurs during seasonal breeding. Instead, the continuous androgen-dependent stimulation of the growth of such precursors occurs during prostate carcinogenesis. This review provides the rationale for the development of a therapeutic approach using PSA-activated prodrugs to selectively deplete prostate-specific AR protein for chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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50
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Hao D, Meng Q, Li C, Lu S, Xiang X, Pei Q, Jing X, Xie Z. A Paclitaxel Prodrug with Copper Depletion for Combined Therapy toward Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37322575 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the content of copper is of great significance for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we synthesized a redox-responsive paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug by conjugating PTX with a copper chelator through a disulfide bond. The as-fabricated prodrug (PSPA) showed specific chelation toward copper ions and could assemble with distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-PEG2000 to form stable nanoparticles (PSPA NPs) in aqueous media. Upon being internalized by tumor cells, PSPA NPs could respond to high levels of redox-active species inside cells and efficiently release PTX. The copper chelator could increase oxidative stress- and abnormal metabolism-induced cell death through intracellular copper depletion. The combination of chemotherapy and copper depletion therapy generated an enhanced therapeutic outcome toward triple-negative breast cancer with an ignorable systemic toxicity. Our work may provide insight into the combination of metabolic regulation and chemotherapy for combating malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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