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Patwardhan CA, Kommalapati VK, Llbiyi T, Singh D, Alfa E, Horuzsko A, Korkaya H, Panda S, Reilly CA, Popik V, Chadli A. Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13790. [PMID: 37612326 PMCID: PMC10447550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its co-chaperones promote cancer, and targeting Hsp90 holds promise for cancer treatment. Most of the efforts to harness this potential have focused on targeting the Hsp90 N-terminus ATP binding site. Although newer-generation inhibitors have shown improved efficacy in aggressive cancers, induction of the cellular heat shock response (HSR) by these inhibitors is thought to limit their clinical efficacy. Therefore, Hsp90 inhibitors with novel mechanisms of action and that do not trigger the HSR would be advantageous. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which capsaicin inhibits Hsp90. Through mutagenesis, chemical modifications, and proteomic studies, we show that capsaicin binds to the N-terminus of Hsp90 and inhibits its ATPase activity. Consequently, capsaicin and its analogs inhibit Hsp90 ATPase-dependent progesterone receptor reconstitution in vitro. Capsaicin did not induce the HSR, instead, it promoted the degradation of Hsp70 through the lysosome-autophagy pathway. Remarkably, capsaicin did not induce degradation of the constitutively expressed cognate Hsc70, indicating selectivity for Hsp70. Combined treatments of capsaicin and the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG improved the anti-tumor efficacy of 17-AAG in cell culture and tridimensional tumor spheroid growth assays using breast and prostate cancer models. Consistent with this, in silico docking studies revealed that capsaicin binding to the ATP binding site of Hsp90 was distinct from classical N-terminus Hsp90 inhibitors, indicating a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, these findings support the use of capsaicin as a chemical scaffold to develop novel Hsp90 N-terminus inhibitors as well as its ability to be a potential cancer co-therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya A Patwardhan
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vamsi Krishna Kommalapati
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Taoufik Llbiyi
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Digvijay Singh
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Eyad Alfa
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anatolij Horuzsko
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Siva Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Vladimir Popik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ahmed Chadli
- Georgia Cancer Center at Augusta University (Formerly Medical College of Georgia), 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, CN-3313, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Sharan M, Jha M, Chandel R, Syeda S, Mathur R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Goel H, Shrivastava A, Chauhan S, Pamidimarri S, Jha AK. Demethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 using capsaicin in cervical cancer cell line. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:649-657. [PMID: 36441265 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02340-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of women's mortality in developing countries. The prevalence of cervical cancer is higher in developing countries like India and continents like Africa. Hyper-methylation of tumor suppressor genes through human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be one of the major causes of cervical cancer. The promoter hypermethylation of the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS1) genes due to DNMT1 overexpression leads to their epigenetic silencing followed by gene repression causing cervical cancer. In silico study on the inhibition effect of capsaicin on DNMT1 was simulated by different servers. The binding energy was observed to be -7.8 kcal/mol. In vitro studies on the effect of capsaicin on aberrant methylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 were performed on the adenocarcinoma cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. The IC50 of capsaicin was observed to be 160 μM through crystal violet assay. DNA methylation of the CADM1 and SOCS1 was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR along with their reversal using capsaicin (20 μM) by treating the cells for 72 h and 6 days. In silico results suggested that capsaicin has an inhibitory effect on DNMT1, which regulates DNA methylation leading to the hypermethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 genes. The in vitro studies suggested that hypermethylation leads to the inhibition of CADM1 and SOCS1 expression, which could be reversed using capsaicin with visible changes in methylation-specific and unmethylation-specific bands in MS-PCR, respectively. The present study shows the reversal of methylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 after 72 h which showed a further increase in case of 6 days of treatment using 20 μM capsaicin, which makes capsaicin a potent candidate for causing demethylation of CADM1 and SOCS1 genes that may lead to the reactivation of the downregulated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahek Sharan
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Meenakshi Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Saima Syeda
- Department of Zoology, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Runjhun Mathur
- A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Laboratory of the Oncology Unit, Dr. B.R.A, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, AIIMS, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sushma Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sudheer Pamidimarri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
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Feng J, Xu Y, Wei Z, Xia Y, Zhang H, Shen C, Wang P, Yan W, Fang D, Fang Y. Capsaicin inhibits migration and invasion via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by up-regulation of claudin-3 expression. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Naaz F, Ahmad F, Lone BA, Khan A, Sharma K, IntzarAli, ShaharYar M, Pokharel YR, Shafi S. Apoptosis Inducing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Conjugates of Capsaicin: Their In Vitro Antiproliferative and In Silico Studies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1694-1702. [PMID: 34795858 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole tethered capsaicin derivatives was prepared by using one point modification at the vanillyl-hydroxyl group of capsaicin. All the prepared capsaicinoids were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against NCI-60 human cancer cell lines at 10 μM. Among the compounds tested, compound 20a exhibited good cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, NCI-H460, and SKOV3 cell lines with IC50 8.55 μΜ, 5.41 μΜ, and 6.4 μΜ, respectively, compared to the parent natural product capsaicin. Further on, it significantly inhibited the colony formation in NCI-H460 in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the ROS effect. It also caused cell arrest at the S phase and induced apoptosis via suppressing the Pro parp marker. Compound 20a exhibited an antimigratory property and suppressed the expression of the VEGF marker in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 20a also suppressed the effects of the p-Erk, p-p38, and P-CNA makers. In silico studies supported the interaction of this class of compounds with the VEGFR2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Naaz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Lifescience, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Lone
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Lifescience, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - IntzarAli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Studies and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - M. ShaharYar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian University, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Lifescience, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugates of capsaicin as potent NorA efflux pump inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105031. [PMID: 34089943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
NorA efflux pump pertaining to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is known to play a key role in antibiotic and biocide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It accounts for the extrusion of antibiotics like fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin). Several compounds including synthetic and natural products have been identified as potential NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) and found to restore the antibacterial activity of antibiotics. However, none of the reported EPIs have reached to clinical approval probably due to their high toxicity profiles. Considering the NorA efflux pump inhibitory potential of capsaicin, a series of capsaicin-based 1,3,4 oxadiazole conjugates were prepared and evaluated for ciprofloxacin activity potentiating effect. Among the new capsaicinoids tested, 17i displayed a minimum effective concentration (MEC) of 12.5 µg/mL against NorA overexpressing S. aureus strain (SA1199B), whereas capsaicin showed MEC of 50 µg/mL. The kill kinetics curve for the combination showed that ciprofloxacin at a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.25 × MIC) was equipotent in effect, to its MIC. 17i has significantly decreased the ethidium bromide efflux confirming NorA inhibition as the mode of action. Mutation prevention concentration of the ciprofloxacin was reduced in combination with 17i.In silico studies revealed the binding efficiency and binding affinity of 17i with NorA. This compound may serve as a template for the further drug discovery.
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Kunjiappan S, Sankaranarayanan M, Karan Kumar B, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Maszczyk P, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Arunachalam S, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Ravishankar V, Baskararaj S, Vellaichamy S, Arulmani L, Panneerselvam T. Capsaicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: design, biodistribution, in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:095101. [PMID: 33113518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc57e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lower doses of capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) have the potential to serve as an anticancer drug, however, due to its pungency, irritant effect, poor water solubility and high distribution volume often linked to various off-target effects, its therapeutic use is limited. This study aimed to determine the biodistribution and anticancer efficacy of capsaicin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. In this study, SLNs of stearic acid loaded with capsaicin was formulated by the solvent evaporation-emulsification technique and were instantly characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, morphology, loading capacity, stability, particle size, charge and in vitro drug release profile. Synthesized SLNs were predominantly spherical, 80 nm diameter particles that proved to be biocompatible with good stability in aqueous conditions. In vivo biodistribution studies of the formulated SLNs showed that 48 h after injection in the lateral tail vein, up to 15% of the cells in the liver, 1.04% of the cells in the spleen, 3.05% of the cells in the kidneys, 3.76% of the cells in the heart, 1.31% of the cells in the lungs and 0% of the cells in the brain of rats were determined. Molecular docking studies against the identified targets in HepG2 cells showed that the capsaicin is able to bind Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, c-Src kinase, p38 MAP kinase and VEGF-receptor. Molecular dynamic simulation showed that capsaicin-VEGF receptor complex is highly stable at 50 nano seconds. The IC50 of capsaicin loaded SLNs in HepG2 cells in vitro was 21.36 μg × ml-1. These findings suggest that capsaicin loaded SLNs are stable in circulation for a period up to 3 d, providing a controlled release of loaded capsaicin and enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani-333031, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indira Gandhi St. 14, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | | | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Sivakumar Vellaichamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Lalitha Arulmani
- Senior Scientist, Virtis Biolabs, Pvt., Ltd, Kannankurichi, Salem-636008, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Namakkal-637205, India
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Takahashi N, Tsuzuno T, Mineo S, Yamada-Hara M, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Tabeta K. Epithelial TRPV1 channels: Expression, function, and pathogenicity in the oral cavity. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:235-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Agarwal S, Maekawa T. Nano delivery of natural substances as prospective autophagy modulators in glioblastoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 29:102270. [PMID: 32702467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most destructive type of malignant brain tumor in humans due to cancer relapse. Latest studies have indicated that cancer cells are more reliant on autophagy for survival than non-cancer cells. Autophagy is entitled as programmed cell death type II and studies imply that it is a comeback of cancer cells to innumerable anti-cancer therapies. To diminish the adverse consequences of chemotherapeutics, numerous herbs of natural origin have been retained in cancer treatments. Additionally, autophagy induction occurs via their tumor suppressive actions that could cause cell senescence and increase apoptosis-independent cell death. However, most of the drugs have poor solubility and thus nano drug delivery systems possess excessive potential to improve the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of encapsulated drugs. There is a pronounced need for more therapies for glioblastoma treatment and hereby, the fundamental mechanisms of natural autophagy modulators in glioblastoma are prudently reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Agarwal
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Toru Maekawa
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Center, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Chiang C, Zhang M, Wang D, Xiao T, Zhu L, Chen K, Huang J, Huang J, Zhu J, Li L, Chen C, Chen Y, Hu H, Jiang W, Zou Y, Wang T, Zheng D. Therapeutic potential of targeting MKK3-p38 axis with Capsaicin for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7906-7920. [PMID: 32685028 PMCID: PMC7359099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Capsaicin is an active compound found in plants of the Capsicum genus; it has a range of therapeutic benefits, including anti-tumor effects. Here we aimed to delineate the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The anti-cancer effects of capsaicin were confirmed in NPC cell lines and xenograft mouse models, using CCK-8, clonogenic, wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion assays. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and pull-down assays were used to determine the effects of capsaicin on the MKK3-p38 axis. Cell proliferation and EMT marker expression were monitored in MKK3 knockdown (KD) or over-expression NPC cell lines treated with or without capsaicin. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed on NPC specimens from NPC patients (n = 132) and the clinical relevance was analyzed. Results: Capsaicin inhibited cell proliferation, mobility and promoted apoptosis in NPC cells. Then we found that capsaicin directly targets p38 for dephosphorylation. As such, MKK3-induced p38 activation was inhibited by capsaicin. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin-induced inhibition of cell motility was mediated by fucokinase. Xenograft models demonstrated the inhibitory effects of capsaicin treatment on NPC tumor growth in vivo, and analysis of clinical NPC samples confirmed that MKK3 phosphorylation was associated with NPC tumor growth and lymphoid node metastasis. Conclusions: The MKK3-p38 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for capsaicin. MKK3 phosphorylation might serve as a biomarker to identify NPC patients most likely to benefit from adjunctive capsaicin treatment.
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Capsaicin Targets tNOX (ENOX2) to Inhibit G1 Cyclin/CDK Complex, as Assessed by the Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA). Cells 2019; 8:cells8101275. [PMID: 31635402 PMCID: PMC6830080 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide), which is an active component in red chili peppers, is used as a chemopreventive agent that shows favorable cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that capsaicin preferentially inhibits a tumor-associated NADH oxidase (tNOX, ENOX2) that is ubiquitously expressed in cancer but not in non-transformed cells. This attenuates cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis. The capsaicin-mediated inhibition of tNOX was recently shown to prolong the cell cycle. However, the molecular events underlying this regulation have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we used a cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) to detect “target engagement” of capsaicin and its consequent impact on cell cycle progression. Our results indicated that capsaicin engaged with tNOX and triggered the proteasomal degradation of tNOX, which leads to the inhibition of NAD+-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase. Ultimately, the acetylation levels of c-Myc and p53 were enhanced, which suppressed the activation of G1 cyclin/Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and triggered cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. The results obtained when tNOX was overexpressed in non-cancer cells validated its importance in cell cycle progression. These findings provide the first molecular insights into the regulatory role of tNOX and the anti-proliferative property of capsaicin in regulating the cell cycle of bladder cancer cells.
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Maruca A, Catalano R, Bagetta D, Mesiti F, Ambrosio FA, Romeo I, Moraca F, Rocca R, Ortuso F, Artese A, Costa G, Alcaro S, Lupia A. The Mediterranean Diet as source of bioactive compounds with multi-targeting anti-cancer profile. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111579. [PMID: 31398616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many bioactive agents have been extracted from plants or belong to functional foods and have been considered in the treatment of serious and multifactorial diseases, such as cancer. In particular, this review is focused on the anti-cancer properties owned by several natural products typically from the Mediterranean area. In some regions of the South of Italy, a lower cancer incidence has been observed. There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern correlates with reduced risk of several cancer types. This could be mainly attributed to the typical lifestyle aspects of the Mediterranean diet, such as high consumption of fruit and vegetables. In this review, the main natural products of the Mediterranean area are discussed, with particular attention on their anti-cancer properties endowed with multi-target profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine "Magna Græcia" University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Lavorgna M, Orlo E, Nugnes R, Piscitelli C, Russo C, Isidori M. Capsaicin in Hot Chili Peppers: In Vitro Evaluation of Its Antiradical, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:164-170. [PMID: 30835044 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a spicy capsaicinoid, produced as secondary metabolite by Capsicum fruits. This alkaloid has been used for years in folk medicine for its analgesic and antinflammatory properties although most data is referred to the raw fruit. In this study, the antiradical activity of the pure capsaicin has been studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays as well as its antiproliferative activity, using MTT assay, against two human tumour cell lines, the colorectal Caco-2 and the oesophageal OE19 cells. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity observed on tumoral cells was compared with that of the human normal-like fibroblast cell line TelCOFS02MA. In addition, the apoptotic activity was evaluated using TUNEL assay. A higher radical scavenging activity was observed against ABTS radical cation than DPPH. Capsaicin showed also a higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells than normal-like cells with Selectivity index values greater than 2 at 72 h. Capsaicin induced apoptosis especially in OE19 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Orlo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Nugnes
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Concetta Piscitelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Isidori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Chen JC, Ko JC, Yen TC, Chen TY, Lin YC, Ma PF, Lin YW. Capsaicin enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity via AKT inactivation and excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) down-regulation in human lung cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:459-470. [PMID: 31160978 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00346g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, a natural active ingredient of green and red peppers, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-cancer properties in several malignant cell lines. Excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) has a leading role in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process because of its involvement in the excision of DNA adducts. Erlotinib (TarcevaR) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, whether capsaicin and erlotinib could induce synergistic cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells through modulating ERCC1 expression is unknown. In this study, capsaicin decreased the ERCC1 expression in an AKT inactivation dependent manner in two human lung adenocarcinoma cells, namely, A549 and H1975. Enhancement of AKT activity by transfection with constitutive active AKT vectors increased the ERCC1 protein level as well as the cell survival by capsaicin. Moreover, capsaicin synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of erlotinib in NSCLC cells, which were associated with the down-regulation of ERCC1 expression and inactivation of AKT in A549 and H1975 cells. Together, these results may provide a rationale to combine capsaicin with erlotinib for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Cheng Chen
- Department of Food Science , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Hsin-Chu Branch , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chuan Yen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Yuan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Peng-Fang Ma
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology , National Chiayi University , Chiayi , Taiwan . ; ; Tel: +886-5-271-7770
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Ricardo de Brito Bello S, Naliwaiko K, Vicentini MS, Rossetti FX, Claudio Fernandes L, Messias-Reason IJD. Nutrition and Cancercapsaicin Treatment Reduces Tumor Growth, Tumor Cell Proliferation Ex Vivo and Partially Reverses Cancer Cachexia in Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Rats. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:111-117. [PMID: 30741012 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1557219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the main pungent component found in hot peppers. AIM In this study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin treatment on tumor growth and the metabolic indicators of cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank with 1 ml of a sterile suspension of 3 × 107 Walker tumor cells. The treated groups received capsaicin intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg body weight for 13 days. RESULTS The tumor weight on Day 14 in the non-treated group was 18 g. The rats also had a body weight loss, hypoglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and a depletion in glycogen storage. Treatment with capsaicin decreased tumor growth by 49% and a reversal of triacylglycerol serum. We also found a 32% reduction in tumor cell proliferation ex vivo. Lactate serum concentrations and body weight were lower but did not reach control levels. CONCLUSION The treatment with capsaicin reduces tumor growth and cellular proliferation along with increased apoptosis and partial cachexia reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Ricardo de Brito Bello
- a Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Katya Naliwaiko
- b Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Mariana Scudeller Vicentini
- c Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira , Departamento de Saúde, Coordenação de Nutrição, Registro , Brazil
| | - Francini Xavier Rossetti
- c Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira , Departamento de Saúde, Coordenação de Nutrição, Registro , Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Fernandes
- a Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Iara José de Messias-Reason
- d Departamento de Patologia Médica , Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
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15
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Perla V, Nadimi M, Reddy R, Hankins GR, Nimmakayala P, Harris RT, Valluri J, Sirbu C, Reddy UK. Effect of ghost pepper on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and global proteomic profile in human renal adenocarcinoma cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206183. [PMID: 30379886 PMCID: PMC6209291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers are an important constituent of many foods and contain medicinally valuable compounds, such as capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. As various dietary botanicals have anticancer properties, this study was aimed to examine the effect of Ghost pepper (Bhut Jolokia), one of the hottest chili peppers in the world, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, senescence and the global proteomic profile in human renal cell adenocarcinoma in vitro. 769-P human renal adenocarcinoma cells were cultured on RPMI-1640 media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (10%) and antibiotic-antimycotic solution (1%). Treatment stock solutions were prepared in ethanol. Cell proliferation was tested with phenol red-free media with capsaicin (0-400 μM), dihydrocapsaicin (0-400 μM), capsaicin + dihydrocapsaicin (5:1), and dry Ghost peppers (0-3 g L-1) for 24, 48 and 72 h. Polycaspase and senescence associated-beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activities were tested with capsaicin (400 μM), dihydrocapsaicin (400 μM), capsaicin (400 μM) + dihydrocapsaicin (80 μM), and ghost pepper (3 g L-1) treatments. Global proteomic profile of cells in control and ghost pepper treatment (3 g L-1) was analyzed after 6 h by a shotgun proteomic approach using tandem mass spectrometry. At 24 h after treatment (24 HAT), relative to control, cell proportion with capsaicin (400 μM), dihydrocapsaicin (400 μM), capsaicin (400 μM) + dihydrocapsaicin (80 μM), and ghost pepper (3 g L-1) treatments was reduced to 36%, 18%, 33% and 20%, respectively, and further reduced at 48 and 72 HAT. All treatments triggered an early polycaspase response. SA-beta-gal activity was normal or suppressed with all treatments. About 68,220 protein isoforms were identified by shotgun proteomic approach. Among these, about 8.2% were significantly affected by ghost pepper. Ghost pepper regulated various proteins involved in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, Ras, Rb/E2F, p53, TGF-beta, WNT-beta catenin, and calcium induced cell death pathways. Ghost pepper also induced changes in proteins related to methylation, acetylation, genome stability, cell cycle check points, carbohydrate, protein and other metabolism and cellular mechanisms. Ghost pepper exhibited antiproliferation activity by inducing apoptosis through a complex network of proteins in human renal cell adenocarcinoma in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Perla
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marjan Nadimi
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rishi Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gerald R. Hankins
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Harris
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jagan Valluri
- Department of Biological Sciences, One John Marshall Drive, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Cristian Sirbu
- Center for Cancer Research, Charleston Area Medical Center, SE, Charleston, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Umesh K. Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Land-Grant Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, West Virginia, United States of America
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16
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Helvaci N, Cömertpay S. In vitro evaluation of the effects of capsaicin on normal and cancerous cells of human cartilage. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:422-434. [PMID: 30930626 PMCID: PMC6438123 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1804-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a common form of bone cancer which effects the fibrous connective tissue around a joint. It most commonly develops in legs, arms, shoulder blades, rib cage, and pelvis. Capsaicin is an active bitter compound found in red pepper, the fruit of the species Capsicum annuum, and it has been shown to have a lethal effect on different types of cancer. However, to date, investigation of its effect on human chondrosarcoma cells has remained limited. In the study presented here, we determined IC50 values of capsaicin for chondrosarcoma and chondrocyte cells in both fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing and FBS-deprived media, and no statistically significant difference was found between the cell types. Besides, when the cells were cultured with capsaicin at their determined IC50 value for 24 h and their caspase-3 gene expression levels were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and western blotting, it was demonstrated that the caspase-3 protein and mRNA levels were not altered in any cells upon capsaicin exposure, suggesting a caspase-independent pathway for cell death. Migration and invasion abilities of the cancerous cells, on the other hand, were observed to decrease dramatically when the cells were exposed to capsaicin (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Helvaci
- Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Cömertpay
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering and Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University , Kahramanmaraş , Turkey
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17
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Lin RJ, Wu IJ, Hong JY, Liu BH, Liang RY, Yuan TM, Chuang SM. Capsaicin-induced TRIB3 upregulation promotes apoptosis in cancer cells. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4237-4248. [PMID: 30323679 PMCID: PMC6177521 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s162383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is one of the main pungent components of chili peppers and has been shown to exert various effects on numerous physiological processes. Recent studies have focused on the chemopreventive effects of capsaicin, which can combat growth in various human cancer cell systems. The tribbles-related protein 3 (TRIB3) is evolutionarily conserved from Drosophila to humans. In the latter, TRIB3 is a key determinant in numerous cellular processes, including apoptosis. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the importance of TRIB3 in the antitumor efficacy of capsaicin in human cancer cells, and further assess potential mechanism(s) underlying the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3. Methods Human cancer cell lines were treated with capsaicin, then evaluated for levels of TRIB3 and molecules related to apoptosis or signaling pathways. The impact of TRIB3 on capsaicin-induced apoptosis was investigated using si-RNA or overexpression of TRIB3. Results It is the first time to show that TRIB3 is targeted by capsaicin to promote apoptosis. Capsaicin promotes apoptotic cell death by upregulating TRIB3 expression in cancer cells. Overexpression of TRIB3 enhances capsaicin-induced apoptosis, and TRIB3 knockdown experiments demonstrate that the effect of capsaicin in apoptotic cell death is correlated with the induction of TRIB3 in cancer cells. Finally, enhancements in gene expression and protein stability are involved in the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3. Conclusion Our results show that the capsaicin-induced upregulation of TRIB3 triggers apoptosis and thereby contributes to the suppression of cell growth in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jaan Lin
- College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University.,Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - I-Jung Wu
- College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University.,Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - Jo-Yu Hong
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
| | - Bang-Hung Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - Ruei-Yue Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University,
| | - Tein-Ming Yuan
- Surgery Department, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
| | - Show-Mei Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, .,Department of Nursing, Asia University, .,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
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18
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Dai N, Ye R, He Q, Guo P, Chen H, Zhang Q. Capsaicin and sorafenib combination treatment exerts synergistic anti‑hepatocellular carcinoma activity by suppressing EGFR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:3235-3248. [PMID: 30272354 PMCID: PMC6196646 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (8‑methyl N‑vanillyl‑6 nonenamide) is a natural plant extract that has antitumor properties and induces apoptosis and autophagy in various types of malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sorafenib is a multi‑kinase inhibitor that improves the survival of patients with advanced HCC. In the present study, capsaicin and sorafenib were found to inhibit the growth of LM3, Hep3B and HuH7 cells. In addition, the combination of capsaicin and sorafenib exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on HCC cell growth. In LM3 cells, capsaicin and sorafenib combination treatment achieved a markedly stronger induction of apoptosis by increasing caspase‑3, Bax and poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase activity and inhibiting Bcl‑2, and induction of autophagy by upregulating the levels of beclin‑1 and LC3A/B II, enhancing P62 degradation. The combination of capsaicin and sorafenib also inhibited cell invasion and metastasis via upregulation of E‑cadherin and downregulation of N‑cadherin, vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9. Additional studies suggested an association between the abovementioned anticancer activities and inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor/phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Taken together, these data confirm that capsaicin and sorafenib combination treatment inhibits the growth, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells and induces autophagy in a synergistic manner, supporting its potential as a therapeutic option for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninggao Dai
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Ruifan Ye
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Qikuan He
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, P.R. China
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Minato Y, Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Kikuta J, Hikida T, Hikida M, Suemitsu M, Kuyama K, Kasai K. Effect of caspases and RANKL induced by heavy force in orthodontic root resorption. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:253-261. [PMID: 30003059 PMCID: PMC6041455 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Orthodontic root resorption (ORR) due to orthodontic tooth movement is a difficult treatment-related adverse event. Caspases are important effector molecules for apoptosis. At present, little is known about the mechanisms underlying ORR and apoptosis in the cementum. The aim of the present in vivo study was to investigate the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), caspase 3, caspase 8, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the cementum in response to a heavy or an optimum orthodontic force. Methods The maxillary molars of male Wistar rats were subjected to an orthodontic force of 10 g or 50 g using a closed coil spring. The rats were sacrificed each experimental period on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after orthodontic force application. And the rats were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results On day 7 for the 50-g group, hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed numerous root resorption lacunae with odontoclasts on the root, while immunohistochemistry showed increased TRAP- and RANKL-positive cells. Caspase 3- and caspase 8-positive cells were increased on the cementum surfaces in the 50-g group on days 3 and 5. Moreover, the number of caspase 3- and caspase 8-positive cells and RANKL-positive cells was significantly higher in the 50-g group than in the 10-g group. Conclusions In our rat model, ORR occurred after apoptosis was induced in the cementum by a heavy orthodontic force. These findings suggest that apoptosis of cementoblasts is involved in ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Minato
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mami Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuta
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuji Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Momoko Hikida
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suemitsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kayo Kuyama
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kasai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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20
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Lin YT, Wang HC, Hsu YC, Cho CL, Yang MY, Chien CY. Capsaicin Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28644386 PMCID: PMC5535836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for different human cancers. In Southeast China, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has the highest incidence of all cancers, but final treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. However, there is a lack of information regarding the anticancer activity of capsaicin in NPC cells, and its effects on the signaling transduction pathways related to apoptosis and autophagy remain unclear. In the present study, the precise mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts anti-proliferative effects, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis were investigated in NPC-TW01 cells. Exposure to capsaicin inhibited cancer cell growth and increased G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to measure capsaicin-induced autophagy via involvement of the class III PI3K/Beclin-1/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Capsaicin induced autophagy by increasing levels of the autophagy markers LC3-II and Atg5, enhancing p62 and Fap-1 degradation and increasing caspase-3 activity to induce apoptosis, suggesting a correlation of blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with the above-mentioned anticancer activities. Taken together, these data confirm that capsaicin inhibited the growth of human NPC cells and induced autophagy, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yen Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Head and Neck Oncology Group, Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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21
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Zsiborás C, Mátics R, Hegyi P, Balaskó M, Pétervári E, Szabó I, Sarlós P, Mikó A, Tenk J, Rostás I, Pécsi D, Garami A, Rumbus Z, Huszár O, Solymár M. Capsaicin and capsiate could be appropriate agents for treatment of obesity: A meta-analysis of human studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1419-1427. [PMID: 28001433 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1262324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Zsiborás
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Mátics
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Translational Medicine, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Szabó
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Sarlós
- Department of Translational Medicine, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Mikó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Tenk
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Rostás
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Pécsi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Garami
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rumbus
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Huszár
- First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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An updated review on molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of capsaicin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1-13. [PMID: 30263503 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for developing anticancer principles from natural sources has a long historical track record and remarkable success stories. The pungent principle of hot chili pepper, capsaicin, has been a subject of research for anticancer drug discovery for more than three decades. However, the majority of research has revealed that capsaicin interferes with various hallmarks of cancer, such as increased cell proliferation, evasion from apoptosis, inflammation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and tumor immune escape. Moreover, the compound has been reported to inhibit carcinogen activation and chemically induced experimental tumor growth. Capsaicin has also been reported to inhibit the activation of various kinases and transcription that are involved in tumor promotion and progression. The compound activated mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. Considering the growing interest in capsaicin, this review provides an update on the molecular targets of capsaicin in modulating oncogenic signaling.
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Chang WL, Cheng FC, Wang SP, Chou ST, Shih Y. Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its major constituent cinnamaldehyde induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:456-468. [PMID: 26919256 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CC-EO) has various functional properties, such as anti-microbial, hypouricemic, anti-tyrosinase and anti-melanogenesis activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of CC-EO and its major constituent, cinnamaldehyde, in human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-3 cells. Determination of the cell viability, apoptotic characteristics, DNA damage, cell cycle analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic Ca2+ level and intracellular redox status were performed. Our results demonstrated that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly decreased cell viability and caused morphological changes. The cell cycle analysis revealed that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in HSC-3 cells. The apoptotic characteristics (DNA laddering and chromatin condensation) and DNA damage were observed in the CC-EO-treated and cinnamaldehyde-treated HSC-3 cells. Moreover, CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde promoted an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels, induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cytochrome c release. The results of ROS production and intracellular redox status demonstrated that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde significantly increased the ROS production and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels, and the cellular glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced in HSC-3 cells. Our results suggest that CC-EO and cinnamaldehyde may possess anti-oral cancer activity in HSC-3 cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 456-468, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lun Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- Stem Cell Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying Shih
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan, Republic of China
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De Toni L, Garolla A, Menegazzo M, Magagna S, Di Nisio A, Šabović I, Rocca MS, Scattolini V, Filippi A, Foresta C. Heat Sensing Receptor TRPV1 Is a Mediator of Thermotaxis in Human Spermatozoa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167622. [PMID: 27992447 PMCID: PMC5161326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular bases of sperm thermotaxis, the temperature-oriented cell motility, are currently under investigation. Thermal perception relies on a subclass of the transient receptor potential [TRP] channels, whose member TRPV1 is acknowledged as the heat sensing receptor. Here we investigated the involvement of TRPV1 in human sperm thermotaxis. We obtained semen samples from 16 normozoospermic subjects attending an infertility survey programme, testis biopsies from 6 patients with testicular germ cell cancer and testis fine needle aspirates from 6 patients with obstructive azoospermia undergoing assisted reproductive technologies. Expression of TRPV1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR. Protein expression of TRPV1 was determined by western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Sperm motility was assessed by Sperm Class Analyser. Acrosome reaction, apoptosis and intracellular-Ca2+ content were assessed by flow cytometry. We found that TRPV1 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in the testis, in both Sertoli cells and germ-line cells. Moreover, compared to no-gradient controls at 31°C or 37°C (Ctrl 31°C and Ctrl 37°C respectively), sperm migration towards a temperature gradient of 31–37°C (T gradient) in non-capacitated conditions selected a higher number of cells (14,9 ± 4,2×106 cells T gradient vs 5,1± 0,3×106 cells Ctrl 31°C and 5,71±0,74×106 cells Ctrl 37°C; P = 0,039). Capacitation amplified the migrating capability towards the T gradient. Sperms migrated towards the T gradient showed enriched levels of both TRPV1 protein and mRNA. In addition, sperm cells were able to migrate toward a gradient of capsaicin, a specific agonist of TRPV1, whilst capsazepine, a specific agonist of TRPV1, blocked this effect. Finally, capsazepine severely blunted migration towards T gradient without abolishing. These results suggest that TRPV1 may represent a facilitating mediator of sperm thermotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Garolla
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabina Magagna
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Iva Šabović
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Istituto Oncologico Veneto [IOV], Via Gattamelata, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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25
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Guo H, Guan H, Yang W, Liu H, Hou H, Chen X, Liu Z, Zang C, Liu Y, Liu J. Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of corn silk extract on human colon cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:973-978. [PMID: 28356987 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn silk is an economically and nutritionally significant natural product as it represents a staple food for a large proportion of the world population. This study investigated the anticancer activity of corn silk extract in human colon cancer cells and human gastric cancer cells. Following treatment with corn silk extract, certain apoptosis-related events were observed, including inhibition of cell proliferation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), release of Ca2+ and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Our results revealed that corn silk extract inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells and increased the level of apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that corn silk extract upregulated the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and caspase-9, but downregulated the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2. These results suggest that corn silk extract may induce apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Hong Guan
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Hou
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Chuangang Zang
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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26
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Xie L, Xiang GH, Tang T, Tang Y, Zhao LY, Liu D, Zhang YR, Tang JT, Zhou S, Wu DH. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+‑mediated mitochondrial pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4198-4208. [PMID: 27748914 PMCID: PMC5101924 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor and one of the most invasive and aggressive tumors, which, even with treatments including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, often relapses and exhibits resistance to conventional treatment methods. Developing novel strategies to control human glioma is, therefore, an important research focus. The present study investigated the mechanism of apoptosis induction in U251 human glioma cells by capsaicin (Cap) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), the major pungent ingredients of red chili pepper, using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, transmission electron microscopy analysis, flow cytometry analysis, laser scanning confocal microscope analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of U251 glioma cells with Cap and DHC resulted in a dose‑ and time‑dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis, whereas few effects were observed on the viability of L929 normal murine fibroblast cells. The apoptosis‑inducing effects of Cap and DHC in U251 cells were associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species, increased Ca2+ concentrations, mitochondrial depolarization, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and activation of caspase‑9 and ‑3. These effects were further confirmed by observations of the anti‑tumor effects of Cap and DHC in vivo in a U251 cell murine tumor xenograft model. These results demonstrate that Cap and DHC are effective inhibitors of in vitro and in vivo survival of human glioma cells, and provide the rationale for further clinical investigation of Cap and DHC as treatments for human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hong Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao Marine Microbiological Engineering & Research Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Zhangjiajie, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - You-Ren Zhang
- Service Center of Beijing Tongzhou International Medical Center, Beijing 101117, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Tian Tang
- Laboratory of Innovative Medical Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Da-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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27
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Fernández-Bedmar Z, Alonso-Moraga A. In vivo and in vitro evaluation for nutraceutical purposes of capsaicin, capsanthin, lutein and four pepper varieties. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:89-99. [PMID: 27746329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the nutraceutic potential of different Capsicum sp, capsaicin, capsanthin and lutein and provide data in order to clarify the conflicting results obtained for capsaicin by different authors. To achieve these objectives, in vivo (geno/antigenotoxicity and lifespan assays in the animal model Drosophila) and in vitro (cytotoxicity and DNA-fragmentation assays in HL60 promyelocytic cell line) assays were carried out. Results showed that i) none of the tested substances were genotoxic except green hot pepper and capsaicin at the highest tested concentration (5 mg/mL and 11.5 μM respectively), ii) all tested substances except green hot pepper are antimutagenic against H2O2-induced damage, iii) only red sweet pepper significantly extend the lifespan and healthspan of D. melanogaster at 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, iv) all pepper varieties induce dose-depended cytotoxic effect in HL60 cells with different IC50, and v) all pepper varieties and capsaicin exerted proapoptotic effect on HL60 cells. IN CONCLUSION (i) sweet peppers could be suggested as nutraceutical food, (ii) hot peppers should be moderately consumed, and (iii) supplementary studies are necessary to clarify the synergic effect of the carotenoids and capsaicinoids in the hot pepper food matrix.
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28
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Capsaicin: From Plants to a Cancer-Suppressing Agent. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21080931. [PMID: 27472308 PMCID: PMC6274000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are plant secondary metabolites, capsaicin being the principal responsible for the pungency of chili peppers. It is biosynthesized through two pathways involved in phenylpropanoid and fatty acid metabolism. Plant capsaicin concentration is mainly affected by genetic, environmental and crop management factors. However, its synthesis can be enhanced by the use of elicitors. Capsaicin is employed as food additive and in pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, it has been found that capsaicin can act as a cancer preventive agent and shows wide applications against various types of cancer. This review is an approach in contextualizing the use of controlled stress on the plant to increase the content of capsaicin, highlighting its synthesis and its potential use as anticancer agent.
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29
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Ferreira AK, Tavares MT, Pasqualoto KFM, de Azevedo RA, Teixeira SF, Ferreira-Junior WA, Bertin AM, de-Sá-Junior PL, Barbuto JAM, Figueiredo CR, Cury Y, Damião MCFCB, Parise-Filho R. RPF151, a novel capsaicin-like analogue: in vitro studies and in vivo preclinical antitumor evaluation in a breast cancer model. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7251-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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30
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Capsaicin-induced genotoxic stress does not promote apoptosis in A549 human lung and DU145 prostate cancer cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 779:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Ibrahim M, Jang M, Park M, Gobianand K, You S, Yeon SH, Park S, Kim MJ, Lee HJ. Capsaicin inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative and nitrosative stress. Food Funct 2015; 6:2165-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of the maturation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes and inhibition of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes by capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ibrahim
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Jeollabuk-do
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy
| | - Mi Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kuppannan Gobianand
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwon You
- The Laboratory of Cell Growth and Function Regulation
- Division of Bioscience and Technology
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
| | - Sung-Heom Yeon
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Jeollabuk-do
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Jeollabuk-do
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team
- National Institute of Animal Science
- Jeollabuk-do
- Republic of Korea
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32
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Damião MCFCB, Pasqualoto KFM, Ferreira AK, Teixeira SF, Azevedo RA, Barbuto JAM, Palace-Berl F, Franchi-Junior GC, Nowill AE, Tavares MT, Parise-Filho R. Novel capsaicin analogues as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico approach. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:885-95. [PMID: 25283529 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl alkyl/aryl amide and ester analogues of capsaicin were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human and murine cancer cell lines (B16F10, SK-MEL-28, NCI-H1299, NCI-H460, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). Three compounds (5f, 6c, and 6e) selectively inhibited the growth of aggressive cancer cells in the micromolar (µM) range. Furthermore, an exploratory data analysis pointed at the topological and electronic molecular properties as responsible for the discrimination process regarding the set of investigated compounds. The findings suggest that the applied designing strategy, besides providing more potent analogues, indicates the aryl amides and esters as well as the alkyl esters as interesting scaffolds to design and develop novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C F C B Damião
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Chou ST, Lin HC, Chuang MY, Chiu TH. Treatment with C
aulerpa Microphysa
Pepsin-Digested Extract Induces Apoptosis in Murine Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells. J Food Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Providence University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chiu Lin
- Penghu Marine Biology Research Center; Fisheries Research Institute; Penghu County Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yu Chuang
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Providence University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Food Science; National Penghu University of Science and Technology; 300 Liu-Ho Rd. Magong City, Penghu County 880 Taiwan
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Hsieh SL, Li YC, Chang WC, Chung JG, Hsieh LC, Wu CC. Induction of necrosis in human liver tumor cells by α-phellandrene. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:970-9. [PMID: 25077527 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.936946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
α-Phellandrene (α-PA) is a component of dietary spices and herbs. The effect of α-PA on anticancer is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of α-PA on liver tumor cell death fate. Human liver tumor (J5) cells were incubated with α-PA and analyzed for cell cycle distribution, expression of Bax, Bcl-2, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein, and caspase-3 activity of J5 cells, and levels of nitric oxide (NO) production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and ATP depletion were also analyzed in this study. Results found that α-PA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the cell viability of J5 cells after 24-h treatment. The cell cycle distribution, Bax, Bcl-2, PARP protein levels, and caspase-3 activity of J5 cells did not change for 24 h after treatment with 30 μM α-PA. Reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased, mitochondrial membrane potential levels significantly decreased when J5 cells were treated with 30 μM α-PA for 24 h (P < 0.05). Thirty μM α-PA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the necrotic cell number, NO production, LDH leakage, and ATP depletion after 24 h of incubation. These results suggest that α-PA induced J5 cell necrosis but not apoptosis, and α-PA-induced necrosis possibly involved ATP depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- a Department of Seafood Sciences , National Kaohsiung Marine University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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35
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Sak K, Jürisoo K, Raal A. Estonian folk traditional experiences on natural anticancer remedies: from past to the future. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:855-866. [PMID: 24920231 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.871641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advancements, the burden of cancer is still increasing worldwide. Toxicity of current chemotherapeutics to normal cells and their resistance to tumor cells highlights the urgent need for new drugs with minimal adverse side effects. The use of natural anticancer agents has entered into the area of cancer research and increased efforts are being made to isolate bioactive products from medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE To lead the search for plants with potential cytotoxic activity, ethnopharmacological knowledge can give a great contribution. Therefore, the attention of this review is devoted to the natural remedies traditionally used for the cancer treatment by Estonian people over a period of almost 150 years. METHODS Two massive databases, the first one stored in the Estonian Folklore Archives and the second one in the electronic database HERBA ( http://herba.folklore.ee/ ), containing altogether more than 30 000 ethnomedicinal texts were systematically reviewed to compile data about the Estonian folk traditional experiences on natural anticancer remedies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION As a result, 44 different plants with potential anticancer properties were elicited, 5 of which [Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae), Anthemis tinctoria L. (Asteraceae), Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinaceae), Sorbus aucuparia L. (Rosaceae), and Prunus padus L. (Rosaceae)] have not been previously described with respect to their tumoricidal activities in the scientific literature, suggesting thus the potential herbal materials for further investigations of natural anticancer compounds.
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36
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Wutka A, Palagani V, Barat S, Chen X, El Khatib M, Götze J, Belahmer H, Zender S, Bozko P, Malek NP, Plentz RR. Capsaicin treatment attenuates cholangiocarcinoma carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95605. [PMID: 24748170 PMCID: PMC3991659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Capsaicin, the most abundant pungent molecule produced by pepper plants, represents an important ingredient in spicy foods consumed throughout the world. Studies have shown that capsaicin can relieve inflammation and has anti-proliferative effects on various human malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a cancer disease with rising incidence. The prognosis remains dismal with little advance in treatment. The aim of the present study is to explore the anti-tumor activity of capsaicin in cultured human CC cell lines. Capsaicin effectively impaired cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and growth of softagar colonies. Further, we show that capsaicin treatment of CC cells regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results provide a basis for capsaicin to improve the prognosis of CCs in vivo and present new insights into the effectiveness and mode of action of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wutka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Vindhya Palagani
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Samarpita Barat
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mona El Khatib
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Götze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hanane Belahmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Zender
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P. Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ruben R. Plentz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
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Lebogo KW, Mokgotho MP, Bagla VP, Matsebatlela TM, Mbazima V, Shai LJ, Mampuru L. Semi-purified extracts of Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae) induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Jurkat-T cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:65. [PMID: 24555704 PMCID: PMC3941970 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commelina benghalensis (CB) is a small plant whose fleshy stems are used in South Africa to treat skin conditions (e.g., cancerous skin outgrowths). This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of sub-fractions of acetone extracts of CB stems on growth-associated molecular events of apoptosis and cell division cycle of Jurkat-T (JT) cells. METHODS Acetone extract of CB stems were subfractioned into n-hexane (F1) and dichloromethane (F2) fractions. After treatment of JT cells with these subfractions, cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis were determined using a haemocytometer, the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. Cell division cycle distribution profiles were analysed using an Epics Alba Flow Cytometer and the expression of cell division cycle regulatory genes was analysed using RT-PCR, while immunoreactive proteins were detected on western blots. RESULTS The F1 and F2 fractions inhibited the proliferation and viability of JT cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 32.5 μg/mℓ and 56 μg/mℓ, respectively. The observed cytotoxicity was established to be a consequence of apoptosis. as verified using Hoechst staining method. Both fractions induced a G1/S interphase arrest of the cell division cycle of JT cells.RT-PCR analyses showed an up-regulatory effect by the F1 fraction in the expression of cyclin B1, cdc2 and bax, with a down-regulatory effect in the expression levels of bcl-2. Fraction F1 also increased the protein expression levels of p53 and its downstream regulators, p21 and Cdc2. However, protein Bax and p21 and p53 transcripts were undetectable under the same experimental conditions. On the other hand, fraction F2 increased the mRNA expression levels of bax, bcl-2, cyclin B1 and cdc2. Concomitantly, fraction F2 showed an up-regulation in the protein expression levels of Cdc2, Bcl-2, Cyclin B1 and p21. Despite the up-regulation in protein expression levels by fraction F2, there was no observable expression levels of the p53 protein and p21 and p53 mRNAs under similar experimental conditions. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the F1 and F2 fractions of CB may provide a valuable lead for the development of novel and effective anti-neoplastic drug(s).
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Park SY, Kim JY, Lee SM, Jun CH, Cho SB, Park CH, Joo YE, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS. Capsaicin induces apoptosis and modulates MAPK signaling in human gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:499-502. [PMID: 24337453 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is known to have tumor suppressive effects. However, the molecular mechanisms and targets of capsaicin involved in exerting anticancer activity are complex and remain to be clarified. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of capsaicin on human gastric cancer cells (AGS cells) and demonstrate that capsaicin induced apoptosis in AGS cells. Results of the MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed that capsaicin potentially inhibited the proliferation of AGS cells and induced apoptosis in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Cleaved caspase-3 was increased and Bcl-2 was reduced by treatment with capsaicin in AGS cells. Capsaicin treatment decreased the expression of phosphorylated ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK or JNK in AGS cells. The results of this study suggest that capsaicin may serve as an anti-tumorigenic agent in human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Rew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
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Cho WH, Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Oh JH, Kim HS, Cho HS. Capsaicin induces apoptosis in MG63 human osteosarcoma cells via the caspase cascade and the antioxidant enzyme system. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1655-62. [PMID: 24142063 PMCID: PMC3829765 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. This aggressive cancer mostly occurs in the long bones. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches, such as biological therapies and gene therapy, are required to efficiently treat osteosarcoma. Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of several types of cancer cells and a number of studies have shown that osteosarcoma may be vulnerable to biological therapies. However, little is known regarding the therapeutic effects of capsaicin on osteosarcoma. This study investigated the effects of capsaicin on MG63 human osteosarcoma cells, in addition to elucidating the regulatory signaling pathways underlying the effects of capsaicin, the caspase cascade and the antioxidant enzyme system. The MG63 cell line was treated with various concentrations of capsaicin. Cells were analyzed using MTT and flow cytometry, and the presence of DNA fragmentation was evaluated using TUNEL assay. Results showed capsaicin induced apoptosis in MG63 cells. Thus, capsaicin exhibited an anticancer effect in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602739, Republic of Korea
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Lin CH, Lu WC, Wang CW, Chan YC, Chen MK. Capsaicin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human KB cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:46. [PMID: 23433093 PMCID: PMC3599796 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin, a pungent phytochemical in a variety of red peppers of the genus Capsicum, has shown an anti-proliferative effect on various human cancer cell lines. In contrast, capsaicin has also been considered to promote the growth of cancer cells. Thus, the effects of capsaicin on various cell types need to be explored. The anti-proliferative effects of capsaicin on human KB cancer cells are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the viability, cell cycle progression, and factors associated with apoptosis in KB cells treated with capsaicin. METHODS The cell proliferation/viability and cytotoxicity of KB cells exposed to capsaicin were determined by a sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and trypan blue exclusion. Apoptosis was detected by Hoechst staining and confirmed by western blot analysis of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Cell cycle distribution and changes of the mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9 was evaluated by immunoblotting. RESULTS We found that treatment of KB cells with capsaicin significantly reduced cell proliferation/viability and induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner compared with that in the untreated control. Cell cycle analysis indicated that exposure of KB cells to capsaicin resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Capsaicin-induced growth inhibition of KB cells appeared to be associated with induction of apoptosis. Moreover, capsaicin induced disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as activation of caspase 9, 3 and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase in KB cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that capsaicin modulates cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis in human KB cancer cells through mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspase activation. These observations suggest an anti-cancer activity of capsaicin.
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de-Sá-Júnior PL, Pasqualoto KFM, Ferreira AK, Tavares MT, Damião MCFCB, de Azevedo RA, Câmara DAD, Pereira A, de Souza DM, Parise Filho R. RPF101, a new capsaicin-like analogue, disrupts the microtubule network accompanied by arrest in the G2/M phase, inducing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:385-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Funakoshi M, Yamaguchi M, Asano M, Fujita S, Kasai K. Effect of Compression Force on Apoptosis in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Kim KN, Ahn G, Heo SJ, Kang SM, Kang MC, Yang HM, Kim D, Roh SW, Kim SK, Jeon BT, Park PJ, Jung WK, Jeon YJ. Inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by fucoxanthin against melanoma B16F10 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:39-46. [PMID: 23228706 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of fucoxanthin against melanoma cell lines (B16F10 cells). Fucoxanthin reduced the proliferation of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by the induction of cell cycle arrest during the G(0)/G(1) phase and apoptosis. Fucoxanthin-induced G(0)/G(1) arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expressions of phosphorylated-Rb (retinoblastoma protein), cyclin D (1 and 2) and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and up-regulation of the protein levels of p15(INK4B) and p27(Kip1). Fucoxanthin-induced apoptosis was accompanied with the down-regulation of the protein levels of Bcl-xL, an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), resulting in a sequential activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of fucoxanthin was assessed in vivo in Balb/c mice. Intraperitoneal administration of fucoxanthin significantly inhibited the growth of tumor mass in B16F10 cells implanted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kil-Nam Kim
- Marine Bio Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
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Hasan-Beikdashti M, Forootanfar H, Safiarian M, Ameri A, Ghahremani M, Khoshayand M, Faramarzi M. Optimization of culture conditions for production of lipase by a newly isolated bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bley K, Boorman G, Mohammad B, McKenzie D, Babbar S. A Comprehensive Review of the Carcinogenic and Anticarcinogenic Potential of Capsaicin. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40:847-73. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623312444471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to capsaicin, the most abundant pungent chili pepper component, is ubiquitous. Evaluation of capsaicin’s carcinogenic potential has produced variable results in in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assays. The capsaicin tested in older studies was often from pepper plant extracts and included other capsaicinoids and diverse impurities. Recent studies utilizing high-purity capsaicin and standardized protocols provide evidence that the genotoxic and carcinogenic potential of capsaicin is quite low and that the purity of capsaicin is important. Several small epidemiological studies suggest a link between capsaicin consumption and stomach or gall bladder cancer, but contamination of capsaicin-containing foods with known carcinogens renders their interpretation problematic. The postulated ability of capsaicin metabolites to damage DNA and promote carcinogenesis remains unsupported. Anticancer activities of capsaicin have been widely reported, as it inhibits the activity of carcinogens and induces apoptosis in numerous cancer cell lines in vitro and explanted into rodents. Diverse mechanisms have been postulated for capsaicin’s anticancer properties. One hypothesis is that inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes—particularly CYP2E1—retards carcinogen activation but is contradicted by the low potency of capsaicin for CYP inhibition. The potential for dietary capsaicin to act as a chemopreventative is now widely postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Bley
- NeurogesX, Inc., San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Gary Boorman
- Covance Laboratories Inc., Chantilly, Virginia, USA
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Ip SW, Lan SH, Huang AC, Yang JS, Chen YY, Huang HY, Lin ZP, Hsu YM, Yang MD, Chiu CF, Chung JG. Capsaicin induces apoptosis in SCC-4 human tongue cancer cells through mitochondria-dependent and -independent pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:332-341. [PMID: 20925121 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been advances in the fields of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy of tongue cancer, the cure rates are still not substantially satisfactory. Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the major pungent ingredient of hot chili pepper and has been reported to have an antitumor effect on many human cancer cell types. The molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of capsaicin are not yet completely understood. Herein, we investigated whether capsaicin induces apoptosis in human tongue cancer cells. Capsaicin decreased the percentage of viable cells in a dose-dependent manner in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells. In addition, capsaicin produced DNA fragmentation, decreased the DNA contents (sub-G1 phase), and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in SCC-4 cells. We demonstrated that capsaicin-induced apoptosis is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species and Ca²⁺ generations and a disruption of the mitochondrial transmenbrane potential (ΔΨ(m)). Treatment with capsaicin induced a dramatic increase in caspase-3 and -9 activities, as assessed by flow cytometric methods. A possible mechanism of capsaicin-induced apoptosis is involved in the activation of caspase-3 (one of the apoptosis-executing enzyme). Confocal laser microscope examination also showed that capsaicin induced the releases of AIF, ATF-4, and GADD153 from mitochondria of SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Wan Ip
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Role of autophagy in chemoresistance: Regulation of the ATM-mediated DNA-damage signaling pathway through activation of DNA–PKcs and PARP-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:747-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chung JG, Peng HY, Chu YC, Hsieh YM, Wang SD, Chou ST. Anti-invasion and apoptosis induction of chlorella (Chlorella sorokiniana) in Hep G2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Huh HC, Lee SY, Lee SK, Park NH, Han IS. Capsaicin Induces Apoptosis of Cisplatin-Resistant Stomach Cancer Cells by Causing Degradation of Cisplatin-Inducible Aurora-A Protein. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:1095-103. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.607548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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50
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Ip SW, Lan SH, Lu HF, Huang AC, Yang JS, Lin JP, Huang HY, Lien JC, Ho CC, Chiu CF, Wood W, Chung JG. Capsaicin mediates apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma NPC-TW 039 cells through mitochondrial depolarization and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 31:539-49. [PMID: 21859781 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111417269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin, a pungent compound found in hot chili peppers, has been reported to have antitumor activities in many human cancer cell lines, but the induction of precise apoptosis signaling pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells is unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis in human NPC, NPC-TW 039, cells. Effects of capsaicin involved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial depolarization. Capsaicin-induced cytotoxic effects (cell death) through G0/G1 phase arrest and induction of apoptosis of NPC-TW 039 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin treatment triggered ER stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing levels of inositol-requiring 1 enzyme (IRE1), growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 153 (GADD153) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Other effects included an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+), loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), releases of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and activation of caspase-9 and -3. Furthermore, capsaicin induced increases in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and abundance of apoptosis-related protein levels. These results suggest that ER stress- and mitochondria-mediated cell death is involved in capsaicin-induced apoptosis in NPC-TW 039 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Ip
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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