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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 PMCID: PMC11381030 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Jiang D, Li Z, Liu H, Liu H, Xia X, Xiang X. Plant exosome-like nanovesicles derived from sesame leaves as carriers for luteolin delivery: Molecular docking, stability and bioactivity. Food Chem 2024; 438:137963. [PMID: 37976878 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The growing recognition of luteolin (Lu) as a vital functional component is attributed to its notable bioactive properties. However, the effective use of Lu is hindered by its inherent limitations related to water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Here, we aim to develop sesame leaves-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (Exo) for Lu delivery (Exo@Lu) as vehicles. The encapsulation mechanism, solubility, stability, and bioactivity of Exo@Lu were thoroughly evaluated. Exo enriched abundant lipids, proteins, and phenolic compounds with an encapsulation efficiency of ∼ 91.9 % and a loading capacity of ∼ 20.5 % for Lu. The primary binding forces responsible for the encapsulation were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. After encapsulation, the water solubility and stability of Lu were significantly improved under various conditions, including thermal, light, storage, ionic strength, and pH. Exo@Lu maintained structural integrity during simulated digestion, enhancing bioaccessibility and efficacy in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared to Exo and free Lu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Ziliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xia Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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3
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Ceramide regulation of autophagy: A biophysical approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159444. [PMID: 38056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipids play unique roles in (macro)autophagy. Those include phosphatidylethanolamine, to which LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins become covalently bound in the process, or cardiolipin, an important effector in mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy). Ceramide (Cer), or N-acyl sphingosine, is one of the simplest sphingolipids, known as a stress signal in the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Cer is increasingly being recognized as an autophagy activator, although its mechanism of action is unclear. In the present review, the proposed Cer roles in autophagy are summarized, together with some biophysical properties of Cer in membranes. Possible pathways for Cer activation of autophagy are discussed, including specific protein binding of the lipid, and Cer-dependent perturbation of bilayer properties. Cer generation of lateral inhomogeneities (domain formation) is given special attention. Recent biophysical results, including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy data, show Cer-promoted enhanced binding of LC3/GABARAP to lipid bilayers. These observations could be interpreted in terms of the putative formation of Cer-rich nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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4
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8766-8785. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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5
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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Long chain ceramides raise the main phase transition of monounsaturated phospholipids to physiological temperature. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20803. [PMID: 36460753 PMCID: PMC9718810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms of ceramide-mediated cellular signaling. We examined the effects of palmitoyl ceramide (C16-ceramide) and stearoyl ceramide (C18-ceramide) on the phase behavior of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS). As previously published, the presence of ceramides increased the lamellar gel-to-lamellar liquid crystalline (Lβ-Lα) phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE and decreased the Lα-to-inverted hexagonal (Lα-HII) phase transition temperature of POPE. Interestingly, despite an ~ 30° difference in the main phase transition temperatures of POPC and POPE, the Lβ-Lα phase transition temperatures were very close between POPC/C18-ceramide and POPE/C18-ceramide and were near physiological temperature. A comparison of the results of C16-ceramide in published and our own results with those of C18-ceramide indicates that increase of the carbon chain length of ceramide from 16 to 18 and/or the small difference of ceramide content in the membrane dramatically change the phase transition temperature of POPC and POPE to near physiological temperature. Our results support the idea that ceramide signaling is mediated by the alteration of lipid phase-dependent partitioning of signaling proteins.
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Inimitable Impacts of Ceramides on Lipid Rafts Formed in Artificial and Natural Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080727. [PMID: 35893445 PMCID: PMC9330320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is the simplest precursor of sphingolipids and is involved in a variety of biological functions ranging from apoptosis to the immune responses. Although ceramide is a minor constituent of plasma membranes, it drastically increases upon cellular stimulation. However, the mechanistic link between ceramide generation and signal transduction remains unknown. To address this issue, the effect of ceramide on phospholipid membranes has been examined in numerous studies. One of the most remarkable findings of these studies is that ceramide induces the coalescence of membrane domains termed lipid rafts. Thus, it has been hypothesised that ceramide exerts its biological activity through the structural alteration of lipid rafts. In the present article, we first discuss the characteristic hydrogen bond functionality of ceramides. Then, we showed the impact of ceramide on the structures of artificial and cell membranes, including the coalescence of the pre-existing lipid raft into a large patch called a signal platform. Moreover, we proposed a possible structure of the signal platform, in which sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich and sphingomyelin/ceramide-rich domains coexist. This structure is considered to be beneficial because membrane proteins and their inhibitors are separately compartmentalised in those domains. Considering the fact that ceramide/cholesterol content regulates the miscibility of those two domains in model membranes, the association and dissociation of membrane proteins and their inhibitors might be controlled by the contents of ceramide and cholesterol in the signal platform.
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Ballesteros U, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Ceramide enhances binding of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins to cardiolipin-containing membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:748-760. [PMID: 35839958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, or autophagy, is a process in which cell macromolecules, or even organelles, are engulfed in a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, and directed to a lysosome. Among autophagy-related proteins, LC3/GABARAP constitute a protein family derived from yeast Atg8. They play important roles in autophagosome formation, binding future cargo organelles and promoting autophagosome growth. The involvement of specific lipids in this process is poorly understood. The present study explores the interaction of LC3/GABARAP proteins with phospholipid monolayers and bilayers based on phosphatidylcholine or on sphingomyelin. Cardiolipin is found to be essential for the protein interaction with such bilayers, as measured through gradient centrifugation experiments, while ceramide markedly increases binding. Giant unilamellar vesicles examined under confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal that ceramide segregates laterally into very rigid domains, while GABARAP binds only the more fluid regions, suggesting that the enhancing role of ceramide is exerted by the minority of ceramide molecules dispersed in the fluid phase. Although in further autophagy steps the LC3/GABARAP proteins are covalently bound to a phospholipid, this is not the case in our system, thus it is proposed that the observed ceramide effects would correspond to very early stages in the process, such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
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Du R, Li X, Ma YH, Luo Y, Wang C, Ma Q, Lu X. Exploring Interfacial Hydrolysis of Artificial Neutral Lipid Monolayer and Bilayer Catalyzed by Phospholipase C. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8104-8113. [PMID: 35749224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) represents an important type of enzymes with the feature of hydrolyzing phospholipids at the position of the glycerophosphate bond, among which PLC extracted from Bacillus cereus (BC-PLC) has been extensively studied owing to its similarity to hitherto poorly characterized mammalian analogues. This study focuses on investigating the interfacial hydrolysis mechanism of phosphatidylcholine (PC) monolayer and bilayer membranes catalyzed by BC-PLC using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). We found that, upon interfacial hydrolysis, BC-PLC was adsorbed onto the lipid interface and catalyzed the lipolysis with no net orientation, as evidenced by the silent amide I band, indicating that ordered PLC alignment was not a prerequisite for the enzyme activity, which is very different from what we have reported for phospholipase A1 (PLA1) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) [Kai, S. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20(1), 63-67; Wang, F. Langmuir 2019, 35(39), 12831-12838; Zhang, F. Langmuir 2020, 36(11), 2946-2953]. For the PC monolayer, one of the two hydrolysates, phosphocholine, desorbed from the interface into the aqueous phase, while the other one, diacylglycerol (DG), stayed well packed with high order at the interface. For the PC bilayer, phosphocholine dispersed into the aqueous phase too, similar to the monolayer case; however, DG, presumably formed clusters with the unreacted lipid substrates and desorbed from the interface. With respect to both the monolayer and bilayer cases, mechanistic schematics were presented to illustrate the different interfacial hydrolysis processes. Therefore, this model experimental study in vitro provides significant molecular-level insights and contributes necessary knowledge to reveal the lipolysis kinetics with respect to PLC and lipid membranes with monolayer and bilayer structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Chu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Tsuchikawa H, Monji M, Umegawa Y, Yasuda T, Slotte JP, Murata M. Depth-Dependent Segmental Melting of the Sphingomyelin Alkyl Chain in Lipid Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5515-5524. [PMID: 35477243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chain melting of lipid bilayers has often been investigated in detail using calorimetric methods, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the resultant main transition temperature is regarded as one of the most important parameters in model membrane experiments. However, it is not always clear whether the hydrocarbon chains of lipids are gradually melting along the depth of the lipid bilayer or whether they all melt concurrently in a very narrow temperature range, as implied by DSC. In this study, we focused on stearoyl-d-sphingomyelin (SSM) as an example of raft-forming lipids. We synthesized deuterium-labeled SSMs at the 4', 10', and 16' positions, and their depth-dependent melting was measured using solid-state deuterium NMR by changing the temperature by 1.0 °C, and comparing with that observed from a saturated lipid, palmitoylstearoylphosphatidylcholine (PSPC). The results showed that SSM exhibited a characteristic depth-dependent melting, which was not observed for PSPC. The strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the sphingomyelin amide moiety probably caused the chain melting to start from the chain terminus through the middle part and end in the upper part. This depth-dependent melting implies that the small gel-like domains of SSM remain at temperatures slightly above the main transition temperature. These sphingomyelin features may be responsible for the biological properties of SM-based lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuchikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560- 0043, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Mami Monji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560- 0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560- 0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560- 0043, Japan
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku FIN-20520, Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560- 0043, Japan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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11
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Sphingolipids and Cholesterol. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Lipid Self-Assemblies under the Atomic Force Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810085. [PMID: 34576248 PMCID: PMC8467407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid model membranes are important tools in the study of biophysical processes such as lipid self-assembly and lipid–lipid interactions in cell membranes. The use of model systems to adequate and modulate complexity helps in the understanding of many events that occur in cellular membranes, that exhibit a wide variety of components, including lipids of different subfamilies (e.g., phospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols…), in addition to proteins and sugars. The capacity of lipids to segregate by themselves into different phases at the nanoscale (nanodomains) is an intriguing feature that is yet to be fully characterized in vivo due to the proposed transient nature of these domains in living systems. Model lipid membranes, instead, have the advantage of (usually) greater phase stability, together with the possibility of fully controlling the system lipid composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to detect the presence of meso- and nanodomains in a lipid membrane. It also allows the direct quantification of nanomechanical resistance in each phase present. In this review, we explore the main kinds of lipid assemblies used as model membranes and describe AFM experiments on model membranes. In addition, we discuss how these assemblies have extended our knowledge of membrane biophysics over the last two decades, particularly in issues related to the variability of different model membranes and the impact of supports/cytoskeleton on lipid behavior, such as segregated domain size or bilayer leaflet uncoupling.
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13
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Kaltenegger M, Kremser J, Frewein MPK, Ziherl P, Bonthuis DJ, Pabst G. Intrinsic lipid curvatures of mammalian plasma membrane outer leaflet lipids and ceramides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183709. [PMID: 34332987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a global X-ray data analysis method to determine the intrinsic curvatures of lipids hosted in inverted hexagonal phases. In particular, we combined compositional modelling with molecular shape-based arguments to account for non-linear mixing effects of guest-in-host lipids on intrinsic curvature. The technique was verified by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and applied to sphingomyelin and a series of phosphatidylcholines and ceramides with differing composition of the hydrocarbon chains. We report positive lipid curvatures for sphingomyelin and all phosphatidylcholines with disaturated and monounsaturated hydrocarbons. Phosphatidylcholines with diunsaturated hydrocarbons in turn yielded intrinsic lipid curvatures with negative values. All ceramides, with chain lengths varying between C2:0 and C24:0, displayed significant negative lipid curvature values. Moreover, we report non-additive mixing for C2:0 ceramide and sphingomyelin. This suggests for sphingolipids that in addition to lipid headgroup and hydrocarbon chain volumes also lipid-specific interactions are important contributors to membrane curvature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaltenegger
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Kremser
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz P K Frewein
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institut Laue-Langevin, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Primož Ziherl
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Douwe J Bonthuis
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Regulating structural and mechanical properties of pectin reinforced liposomes at fluid/solid interface. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Kamble S, Patil S, Kulkarni M, Appala VRM. Interleaflet Decoupling in a Lipid Bilayer at Excess Cholesterol Probed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and Simulations. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:647-659. [PMID: 33221946 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Artificial lipid membranes are often investigated as a replica of the cell membrane in the form of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). In SLBs, the phase state of a lipid bilayer strongly depends on the presence of molecules such as cholesterol, ceramide, and physical parameters such as temperature. Cholesterol is a key molecule of biological membranes and it exerts condensing effect on lipid bilayers. In this paper, we demonstrate the influence of excess cholesterol content on a supported lipid bilayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) (fluid-phase) using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show the condensation effect due to cholesterol addition up to 30% and interleaflet decoupling at excess cholesterol beyond 30%. SE results show the separation of individual leaflets of the bilayer and influence of cholesterol on the biophysical properties such as thickness and optical index. CG simulations were performed at different ratios of DOPC:cholesterol mixtures to explore cholesterol-driven bilayer properties and stability. The simulations displayed the accumulation of cholesterol molecules at the interface of the lower and upper leaflets of the bilayer, thus leading to undulations in the bilayer. This work reports the successful application of SE technique to study lipid-cholesterol interactions for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Kamble
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) DU, Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Snehal Patil
- Department of Applied Physics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT) DU, Girinagar, Pune, India
| | - Mandar Kulkarni
- Division of Biophysical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Ventura A, Varela A, Dingjan T, Santos T, Fedorov A, Futerman A, Prieto M, Silva L. Lipid domain formation and membrane shaping by C24-ceramide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Müller CP. Drug instrumentalization. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112672. [PMID: 32442549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs with addiction potential are widely used by people of virtually all cultures in a non-addictive way. In order to understand this behaviour, its population penetrance, and its persistence, drug instrumentalization was suggested as a driving force for this consumption. Drug instrumentalization theory holds that psychoactive drugs are consumed in a very systematic way in order to make other, non-drug-related behaviours more efficient. Here, we review the evolutionary origin of this behaviour and its psychological mechanisms and explore the neurobiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying them. Instrumentalization goals are discussed, for which an environmentally selective and mental state-dependent consumption of psychoactive drugs can be learned and maintained in a non-addictive way. A small percentage of people who regularly instrumentalize psychoactive drugs make a transition to addiction, which often starts with qualitative and quantitative changes in the instrumentalization goals. As such, addiction is proposed to develop from previously established long-term drug instrumentalization. Thus, preventing and treating drug addiction in an individualized medicine approach may essentially require understanding and supporting personal instrumentalization goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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18
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MacDermaid CM, Hall KW, DeVane RH, Klein ML, Fiorin G. Coexistence of Lipid Phases Stabilizes Interstitial Water in the Outer Layer of Mammalian Skin. Biophys J 2020; 118:1588-1601. [PMID: 32101711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid matrix in the outer layer of mammalian skin, the stratum corneum, has been previously investigated by multiple biophysical techniques aimed at identifying hydrophilic and lipophilic pathways of permeation. Although consensus is developing over the microscopic structure of the lipid matrix, no molecular-resolution model describes the permeability of all chemical species simultaneously. Using molecular dynamics simulations of a model mixture of skin lipids, the self-assembly of the lipid matrix lamellae has been studied. At higher humidity, the resulting lamellar phase is maintained by partitioning excess water into isolated droplets of controlled size and spatial distribution. The droplets may fuse together to form intralamellar water channels, thereby providing a pathway for the permeation of hydrophilic species. These results reconcile competing data on the outer skin's structure and broaden the scope of molecular-based methods to improve the safety of topical products and to advance transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M MacDermaid
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Temple Materials Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle Wm Hall
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Temple Materials Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael L Klein
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Temple Materials Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giacomo Fiorin
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science and Temple Materials Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Ahmed SH, Badiani A, Miczek KA, Müller CP. Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:3-27. [PMID: 30179633 PMCID: PMC6395570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on their pharmacological properties, psychoactive drugs are supposed to take control of the natural reward system to finally drive compulsory drug seeking and consumption. However, psychoactive drugs are not used in an arbitrary way as pure pharmacological reinforcement would suggest, but rather in a highly specific manner depending on non-pharmacological factors. While pharmacological effects of psychoactive drugs are well studied, neurobiological mechanisms of non-pharmacological factors are less well understood. Here we review the emerging neurobiological mechanisms beyond pharmacological reinforcement which determine drug effects and use frequency. Important progress was made on the understanding of how the character of an environment and social stress determine drug self-administration. This is expanded by new evidence on how behavioral alternatives and opportunities for drug instrumentalization generate different patterns of drug choice. Emerging evidence suggests that the neurobiology of non-pharmacological factors strongly determines pharmacological and behavioral drug action and may, thus, give rise for an expanded system's approach of psychoactive drug use and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge H Ahmed
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH Brighton, UK
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Li C, Guo S, Pang W, Zhao Z. Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:378. [PMID: 32010692 PMCID: PMC6971222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of protein complexes that are assembled by pattern recognition receptors following the recognition of invading pathogens or host-derived danger signals. Inflammasomes such as NLRP3 mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Regulation of inflammasome signaling is critical for host defense against infections and maintenance of cellular homeostasis upon exposure to multiple harmful stimuli. Recent studies have highlighted an important role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in regulating inflammasome activation. ASM hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide, which further fuses to large ceramide-enriched platforms functioning in stabilizing and amplifying molecules and receptors. Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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González-Ramírez EJ, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Mixing brain cerebrosides with brain ceramides, cholesterol and phospholipids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13326. [PMID: 31527655 PMCID: PMC6746848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of bilayers composed of pure brain cerebroside (bCrb) or of binary mixtures of bCrb with brain ceramide, cholesterol, egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin have been studied using a combination of physical techniques. Pure bCrb exhibits a rather narrow gel-fluid transition centred at ≈65 °C, with a half-width at half-height T1/2 ≈ 3 °C. bCrb mixes well with both fluid and gel phospholipids and ceramide, and it rigidifies bilayers of egg phosphatidylcholine or brain sphingomyelin when the latter are in the fluid state. Cholesterol markedly widens the bCrb gel-fluid transition, while decreasing the associated transition enthalpy, in the manner of cholesterol mixtures with saturated phosphatidylcholines, or sphingomyelins. Laurdan and DPH fluorescence indicate the formation of fluid ordered phases in the bCrb:cholesterol mixtures. Macroscopic phase separation of more and less fluid domains is observed in giant unilamellar vesicles consisting of bCrb:egg phosphatidylcholine or bCrb:sphingomyelin. Crb capacity to induce bilayer permeabilization or transbilayer (flip-flop) lipid motion is much lower than those of ceramides. The mixtures explored here contained mostly bCrb concentrations >50 mol%, mimicking the situation of cell membranes in Gaucher's disease, or of the Crb-enriched microdomains proposed to exist in healthy cell plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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22
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Ceramide Domains in Health and Disease: A Biophysical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1159:79-108. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Vibrational spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations as a tool for studying behavior of reactive aldehydes inserted in phospholipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104793. [PMID: 31369738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy aided with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is used for studying the interaction of several reactive aldehydes (RAs), nonanal (NA), 2-nonenal (NE), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE), with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer. The results obtained by the combination of these two techniques, supported also by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, show that NA has the strongest stabilization in the bilayer, followed by less stabilized NE, HNE and ONE. We also revealed that HNE readily makes hydrogen bonds to carbonyl groups of POPC (but not to phosphate groups), in contrast to other RAs which are hydrogen bond acceptors and do not make hydrogen bonds with lipids. A combination of FTIR spectroscopy and MD simulations is sensitive to small chemical changes in the structures of RAs, thus making it a valuable tool for studying the weak interactions between compounds inserted to phospholipid bilayers.
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24
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Siavashi R, Phaterpekar T, Leung SSW, Alonso A, Goñi FM, Thewalt JL. Lamellar Phases Composed of Phospholipid, Cholesterol, and Ceramide, as Studied by 2H NMR. Biophys J 2019; 117:296-306. [PMID: 31279446 PMCID: PMC6702149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids constitute a significant fraction of cellular plasma membrane lipid content. Among sphingolipids, ceramide levels are usually very low. However, in some cell processes like apoptosis, cell membrane ceramide levels increase markedly because of the activation of enzymes like acid sphingomyelinase. This increase can change the physical state of the membrane by promoting molecular order and inducing solid-ordered (So) phase domains. This effect has been observed in a previous 2H NMR study on membranes consisting of palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM) and palmitoyl ceramide (PCer). Cholesterol (Chol), too, is present at high concentrations in mammalian plasma membranes and has a favorable interaction with sphingomyelin (SM), together forming domains in the liquid-ordered phase in model membranes. There are reports that Chol is able to displace ceramide (Cer) in SM bilayers and abolish the So phase domains formed by SM:Cer. This ability of Chol appears to be concentration dependent; in membranes with low Chol and high Cer contents, So phase domains rich in Cer coexist with the continuous fluid phase of the membrane. Here, we studied the effect of increasing PCer concentration in PSM:Chol bilayers, using 2H NMR. Chol:PCer mole ratios were 3:1, 3:2, and 3:3, at a fixed 7:3 phospholipid:cholesterol mol ratio. Both PSM and PCer were monitored in separate samples for changes in their physical state by introducing a perdeuterated palmitoyl chain in either molecule. Moreover, the effect of replacing PSM with DPPC was investigated to test the impact on membrane phase behavior of replacing the sphingosine with a palmitoylated glycerol backbone. We found that PCer can increase acyl chain order in both PSM:Chol and DPPC:Chol bilayers. Especially in bilayers with Chol:PCer 1:1 molar ratios, PCer induces highly stable So phase domains in both PSM and DPPC bilayers near 37°C. However, PCer has a more pronounced ordering effect on PSM compared to DPPC bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Siavashi
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tejas Phaterpekar
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sherry S W Leung
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika, University of the Basque Country/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Leioa, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jenifer L Thewalt
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
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25
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Zelnik ID, Ventura AE, Kim JL, Silva LC, Futerman AH. The role of ceramide in regulating endoplasmic reticulum function. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158489. [PMID: 31233888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are an important class of membrane lipids containing a long chain sphingoid base backbone. SL synthesis is compartmentalized between two major cell organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. The initial steps of sphingolipid synthesis take place in the ER, where the simplest SL, ceramide, is synthesized. Although ceramide is a critical membrane component, an imbalance of ceramide levels can have significant deleterious effects on cell properties leading to events such as apoptosis. For this reason and others, ER ceramide levels must be tightly regulated. Here, we describe the biological and biophysical properties of ceramide and discuss how this might impact the ER membrane. This article is part of a special issue entitled: ER Platforms for Membrane Lipid Dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris D Zelnik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ana E Ventura
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jiyoon L Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.UL, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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26
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Möuts A, Yamamoto T, Nyholm TKM, Murata M, Slotte JP. Nonlamellar-Phase-Promoting Colipids Enhance Segregation of Palmitoyl Ceramide in Fluid Bilayers. Biophys J 2019; 116:1507-1515. [PMID: 30940348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is an important intermediate in sphingolipid homeostasis. We examined how colipids, with negative intrinsic curvature and which may induce curvature stress in the bilayers, affected the segregation of palmitoyl ceramide (PCer). Such colipids include 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin (CL). In 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) bilayers, PCer formed ordered, gel-like domains at concentrations above 10 mol% at 23°C, as evidenced by the change in the average lifetime of the trans-parinaric acid emission. When POPE or DOPE were included in the DOPC bilayer (at 20:80 or 40:60 POPE or DOPE to DOPC, by mol), the lateral segregation of PCer was facilitated in a concentration-dependent manner, and less PCer was required for the formation of the ordered ceramide-rich domains. Inclusion of CL in the DOPE bilayer (at 10:90 or 20:80 CL to PC, by mol) also caused a similar facilitation of the lateral segregation of PCer. The PCer-rich domains formed in the presence of POPE, DOPE, or CL in DOPC bilayers were slightly more thermostable (by 2-10°C) when compared to PCer-rich domains in DOPC-only bilayers. Nonlamellar phases were not present in bilayers in which the effects of POPE or DOPE on PCer segregation were the largest, as verified by 31P NMR. When palmitoyl sphingomyelin was added to the different bilayer compositions at 5 mol%, relative to the phospholipids, PCer segregated into gel domains at lower concentrations (2-3 mol% PCer), and the effect of POPE on PCer segregation was eliminated. We suggest that the effects of POPE, DOPE, and CL on PCer segregation was in part influenced by their effects on membrane curvature stress and in part because of unfavorable interactions with PCer due to their unsaturated acyl chains. These lipids are abundant in mitochondrial membranes and are likely to affect functional properties of saturated ceramides in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Möuts
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomoya Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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27
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González-Ramírez EJ, Artetxe I, García-Arribas AB, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Bilayers of Ternary Lipid Compositions Containing Equimolar Ceramide and Cholesterol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5305-5315. [PMID: 30924341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes have been proposed to be laterally inhomogeneous, particularly in the case of mammalian cells, due to the presence of "domains" enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol (Chol). Among membrane sphingolipids, sphingomyelin (SM) in the cell plasma membrane is known to be degraded to ceramide (Cer) by acid sphingomyelinases under stress conditions. Since cholesterol (Chol) is abundant in the plasma membrane, the study of ternary mixtures SM:Chol:Cer is interesting from the point of view of membrane biophysics, and it might be physiologically relevant. In previous studies, we have described the homogeneous gel phase formed by phospholipid:Chol:Cer at 54:23:23 mol ratios, where phospholipid was either SM or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). We now provide new data, based on trans-parinaric acid and diphenylhexatriene fluorescence, supporting that the gel phase includes all three components in a single bilayer. The main question addressed in this paper is the stability of the ternary gel phase when bilayer composition is changed, specifically when the SM proportion is varied. To this aim, we have prepared bilayers of composition phospholipid:Chol:Cer at X:Y:Y ratios, in which phospholipid increased between 54 and 70 mol %. The N-palmitoyl derivatives of SM (pSM) and Cer (pCer) have been used. We observe that for X = 54 or 60 mol %, a gel phase is clearly predominant. However, when the proportion of phospholipid increases beyond 60 mol %, i.e., in 66:17:17 or 70:15:15 mixtures, a lateral phase separation occurs at the micrometer scale. These data can be interpreted in terms of a pCer:Chol interaction, that would predominate at the lower phospholipid concentrations. The putative pCer:Chol complexes (or nanodomains) would mix well with the phospholipid. At the higher SM concentrations pSM:pCer and pSM:Chol interactions would become more important, giving rise to the coexisting gel and liquid-ordered phases respectively. Heterogeneity, or lateral phase separation, occurs more easily with pSM than with DPPC, indicating a higher affinity of SM over DPPC for Chol or Cer. The observation that heterogeneity, or lateral phase separation, occurs more easily with pSM than with DPPC, indicates a higher affinity of SM over DPPC for Chol or Cer, and can be related to cell regulation through the sphingolipid signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J González-Ramírez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Ibai Artetxe
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Aritz B García-Arribas
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , 48940 Leioa , Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica , Universidad del País Vasco , 48940 Leioa , Spain
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Kamble S, Patil S, Kulkarni M, Murthy AVR. Spectroscopic Ellipsometry of fluid and gel phase lipid bilayers in hydrated conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 176:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsufuji T, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N. Preparation and Membrane Distribution of Fluorescent Derivatives of Ceramide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2392-2398. [PMID: 30608698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive lipid with significant roles in several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and raft formation. Although fluorescent derivatives of ceramide are required to probe the behavior of ceramide in cells and cell membranes, commercial fluorescent ceramide derivatives do not reproduce the membrane behavior of native ceramide because of the introduction of bulky fluorophores in the acyl chain. Recently, we developed novel fluorescent analogs of sphingomyelin in which the hydrophilic fluorophores, ATTO488 and ATTO594, are attached to the polar head of sphingomyelin via a nonaethylene glycol linker and demonstrated that their partition and dynamic behaviors in bilayer membranes are similar to native sphingomyelin. In this report, by extending the concept used for the development of fluorescent analogs of sphingomyelin, we prepared novel fluorescent ceramides that exhibit membrane behaviors similar to native ceramide and succeeded in visualizing ceramide-rich membrane domains segregated from ceramide-poor domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Matsufuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Biophysics Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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Al Sazzad MA, Möuts A, Palacios-Ortega J, Lin KL, Nyholm TKM, Slotte JP. Natural Ceramides and Lysophospholipids Cosegregate in Fluid Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers. Biophys J 2019; 116:1105-1114. [PMID: 30795873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mode of interactions between palmitoyl lysophosphatidylcholine (palmitoyl lyso-PC) or other lysophospholipids (lyso-PLs) and palmitoyl ceramide (PCer) or other ceramide analogs in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers has been examined. PCer is known to segregate laterally into a ceramide-rich phase at concentrations that depend on the nature of the ceramides and the co-phospholipids. In DOPC bilayers, PCer forms a ceramide-rich phase at concentrations above 10 mol%. In the presence of 20 mol% palmitoyl lyso-PC in the DOPC bilayer, the lateral segregation of PCer was markedly facilitated (segregation at lower PCer concentrations). The thermostability of the PCer-rich phase in the presence of palmitoyl lyso-PC was also increased compared to that in the absence of palmitoyl lyso-PC. Other saturated lyso-PLs (e.g., palmitoyl lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine and lyso-sphingomyelin) also facilitated the lateral segregation of PCer in a similar manner as palmitoyl lyso-PC. When examined in the DOPC bilayer, it appeared that the association between palmitoyl lyso-PC and PCer was equimolar in nature. It is proposed that the interaction of PCer with lyso-PLs was driven by the need of ceramide to obtain a large-headgroup co-lipid, and saturated lyso-PLs were preferred co-lipids over DOPC because of the nature of their acyl chain. Structural analogs of PCer (1- or 3-deoxy-PCer) were also associated with palmitoyl lyso-PC, similarly to PCer, suggesting that the ceramide/lyso-PL interaction was not sensitive to structural alterations in the ceramide molecule. Binary complexes containing palmitoyl lyso-PC and ceramide were prepared, and these had a bilayer structure as ascertained by transmission electron microscopy. It is concluded that ceramides and lyso-PLs associated with each other both in binary bilayers and in ternary systems based on the DOPC bilayers. This association may have biological relevance under conditions in which both sphingomyelinases and phospholipase A2 enzymes are activated, such as during inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Möuts
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juan Palacios-Ortega
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Mechanical properties of bilayers containing sperm sphingomyelins and ceramides with very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 218:178-186. [PMID: 30610838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides (Cer) with very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (V) are important components of spermatozoa membranes. In this study, the mechanical properties of bilayers of SM and Cer with nonhydroxy (n-V) and 2-hydroxy (h-V) fatty acid (30:5) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation at different temperatures and in the presence and the absence of salt. From our results, it was evidenced how n-V SM and h-V SM bilayers showed similar behavior. When n-V Cer was added to a h-V SM bilayer, the Gaussian curvature modulus and Ecurve of binary bilayers decreased. This variation in the mechanical properties of the bilayer can be associated with an incipient step during the fecundation process.
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Möuts A, Vattulainen E, Matsufuji T, Kinoshita M, Matsumori N, Slotte JP. On the Importance of the C(1)-OH and C(3)-OH Functional Groups of the Long-Chain Base of Ceramide for Interlipid Interaction and Lateral Segregation into Ceramide-Rich Domains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15864-15870. [PMID: 30507134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are important intermediates in sphingolipid biosynthesis (and degradation) and are normally present in only small amounts in unstressed cells. However, following the receptor-mediated activation of neutral sphingomyelinase, sphingomyelin can acutely give rise to substantial amounts of ceramides, which dramatically alter membrane properties. In this study, we have examined the role of the 1-OH and 3-OH functional groups of ceramide for its membrane properties. We have specifically examined how the oxidation of the primary alcohol to COOH or COOMe in palmitoyl ceramide (PCer) or the removal of either the primary alcohol or C(3)-OH (deoxy analogs) affected ceramides' interlipid interactions in fluid phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Measuring the time-resolved fluorescence emission of trans-parinaric acid, or its steady-state anisotropy, we have obtained information about the propensity of the ceramide analogs to form ceramide-rich domains and the thermostability of the formed domains. We observed that the oxidation of the primary alcohol to COOH shifted the ceramide's gel-phase onset concentration to slightly higher values in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-3- glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers. Methylation of the COOH function of the ceramide did not change the segregation tendency further. The complete removal of the primary alcohol dramatically reduced the ability of 1-deoxy-PCer to form ceramide-rich ordered domains. However, the removal 3-OH (in 3-deoxy-PCer) had only small effects on the lateral segregation of the ceramide analog. The thermostability of the ceramide-rich domains in the POPC bilayers decreased in the following order: 1-OH > COOH > COOMe = 3-deoxy > 1-deoxy. We conclude that ceramide needs a hydrogen-bonding-competent functional group in the C(1) position to be able to form laterally segregated ceramide-rich domains of high packing density in POPC bilayers. The presence or absence of 3-OH was not functionally critical for ceramide's lateral segregation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Möuts
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Abo Akademi University , Turku 20520 , Finland
| | - Elina Vattulainen
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Abo Akademi University , Turku 20520 , Finland
| | - Takaaki Matsufuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering , Abo Akademi University , Turku 20520 , Finland
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Cebecauer M, Amaro M, Jurkiewicz P, Sarmento MJ, Šachl R, Cwiklik L, Hof M. Membrane Lipid Nanodomains. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11259-11297. [PMID: 30362705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membranes can spontaneously organize their components into domains of different sizes and properties. The organization of membrane lipids into nanodomains might potentially play a role in vital functions of cells and organisms. Model membranes represent attractive systems to study lipid nanodomains, which cannot be directly addressed in living cells with the currently available methods. This review summarizes the knowledge on lipid nanodomains in model membranes and exposes how their specific character contrasts with large-scale phase separation. The overview on lipid nanodomains in membranes composed of diverse lipids (e.g., zwitterionic and anionic glycerophospholipids, ceramides, glycosphingolipids) and cholesterol aims to evidence the impact of chemical, electrostatic, and geometric properties of lipids on nanodomain formation. Furthermore, the effects of curvature, asymmetry, and ions on membrane nanodomains are shown to be highly relevant aspects that may also modulate lipid nanodomains in cellular membranes. Potential mechanisms responsible for the formation and dynamics of nanodomains are discussed with support from available theories and computational studies. A brief description of current fluorescence techniques and analytical tools that enabled progress in lipid nanodomain studies is also included. Further directions are proposed to successfully extend this research to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cebecauer
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Maria João Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3 , 18223 Prague 8 , Czech Republic
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Manni MM, Sot J, Arretxe E, Gil-Redondo R, Falcón-Pérez JM, Balgoma D, Alonso C, Goñi FM, Alonso A. The fatty acids of sphingomyelins and ceramides in mammalian tissues and cultured cells: Biophysical and physiological implications. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 217:29-34. [PMID: 30359584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids consist of a sphingoid base N-linked to a fatty acyl chain. Among them, sphingomyelins (SM) are major components of mammalian cells, while ceramide (Cer) plays an important role as a lipid second messenger. We have performed a quantitative lipidomic study of Cer and SM species in different mammalian tissues (adipose tissue, liver, brain and blood serum of human, mice, rat and dog), as well as in cell cultures of mammalian origin (primary hepatocytes, immortalized MDCK cells, mice melanoma b16 cells, and mice primary CD4 + T lymphocytes) using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS)-based platform. The data have been compared with published, in general semi-quantitative, results from 20 other samples, with good agreement. The sphingoid base was predominantly d18-1 sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecene-1,3-diol) in all cases. The fatty acid composition of SM was clearly different from that of Cer. In virtually all samples the most abundant Cer species were those containing C24:0 and C24:1 in their N-acyl chains, while the main species contained in SM was C16:0. Brain was the most divergent tissue, in which Cer and SM C18:0 were very abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Manni
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Enara Arretxe
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Gil-Redondo
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Balgoma
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Campus Universitario, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, B. Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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36
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Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids containing a sphingosine or a related base, to which a fatty acid is linked through an amide bond. When incorporated into a lipid bilayer, ceramides exhibit a number of properties not shared by almost any other membrane lipid: Ceramides ( a) are extremely hydrophobic and thus cannot exist in suspension in aqueous media; ( b) increase the molecular order (rigidity) of phospholipids in membranes; ( c) give rise to lateral phase separation and domain formation in phospholipid bilayers; ( d) possess a marked intrinsic negative curvature that facilitates formation of inverted hexagonal phases; ( e) make bilayers and cell membranes permeable to small and large (i.e., protein-size) solutes; and ( f) promote transmembrane (flip-flop) lipid motion. Unfortunately, there is hardly any link between the physical studies reviewed here and the mass of biological and clinical studies on the effects of ceramides in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika [University of the Basque Country and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)], 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;,
| | - Félix M. Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika [University of the Basque Country and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)], 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;,
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37
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Cholesterol induced asymmetry in DOPC bilayers probed by AFM force spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:953-959. [PMID: 29408513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol induced mechanical effects on artificial lipid bilayers are well known and have been thoroughly investigated by AFM force spectroscopy. However, dynamics of cholesterol impingement into bilayers at various cholesterol concentrations and their effects have not been clearly understood. In this paper we present, the effect of cholesterol as a function of its concentration in a simple single component dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayer. The nature of measured breakthrough forces on a bilayer with the addition of cholesterol, suggested that it is not just responsible to increase the mechanical stability but also introduces irregularities across the leaflets of the bilayer. This cholesterol induced asymmetry across the (in the inner and outer leaflets) bilayer is related to the phenomena of interleaflet coupling and is a function of cholesterol concentration probed by AFM can provide an unprecedented direction on mechanical properties of lipid membrane as it can be directly correlated to biophysical properties of a cell membrane.
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Matsufuji T, Kinoshita M, Möuts A, Slotte JP, Matsumori N. Preparation and Membrane Properties of Oxidized Ceramide Derivatives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:465-471. [PMID: 29231736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive lipid with important roles in several biological processes including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Although 3-ketoceramides that contain a keto group in place of the 3-OH group of ceramide occur naturally, ceramide derivatives oxidized at the primary 1-OH group have not been identified to date. To evaluate how the oxidative state of the 1-OH group affects the physical properties of membranes, we prepared novel ceramide derivatives in which the 1-OH group was oxidized to a carboxylic acid (PCerCOOH) or methylester (PCerCOOMe) and examined the rigidity of their monolayers and the formation of gel domains in palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) or sphingomyelin (SM) bilayers. As a result, PCerCOOH and PCerCOOMe exhibited membrane properties similar to those of native ceramide, although the deprotonated form of PCerCOOH, PCerCOO-, exhibited markedly lower rigidity and higher miscibility with POPC and SM. This was attributed to the electrostatic repulsion of the negative charge, which hampered the formation of the ceramide-enriched gel domain. The similarities in the properties of PCerCOOMe and ceramide revealed the potential to introduce various functional groups onto PCerCOOH via ester or amide linkages; therefore, these derivatives will also provide a new strategy for developing molecular probes, such as fluorescent ceramides, and inhibitors of ceramide-related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Matsufuji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Anna Möuts
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Turku 20500, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Wang E, Klauda JB. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ceramide and Ceramide-Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10091-10104. [PMID: 29017324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies in lipid raft formation and stratum corneum permeability have focused on the role of ceramides (CER). In this study, we use the all-atom CHARMM36 (C36) force field to simulate bilayers using N-palmitoylsphingosine (CER16) or α-hydroxy-N-stearoyl phytosphingosine (CER[AP]) in 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), which serve as general membrane models. Conditions are replicated from experimental studies for comparison purposes, and concentration (XCER) is varied to probe the effect of CER on these systems. Comparisons with experiment based on deuterium order parameters and bilayer thickness demonstrate good agreement, thus supporting further use of the C36 force field. CER concentration is shown to have a profound effect on nearly all membrane properties including surface area per lipid, chain order and tilt, area compressibility moduli, bilayer thickness, hydrogen bonding, and lipid clustering. Hydrogen bonding in particular can significantly affect other membrane properties and can even encourage transition to a gel phase. Despite CER's tendency to condense the membrane, an expansion of CER lipids with increasing XCER is possible depending on how the balance between various hydrogen-bond pairs and lipid clustering is perturbed. Based on gel phase transitions, support is given for phytosphingosine's role as a hydrogen-bond bridge between sphingosine ordered domains in the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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The many faces (and phases) of ceramide and sphingomyelin II - binary mixtures. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:601-616. [PMID: 28823080 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A rather widespread idea on the functional importance of sphingolipids in cell membranes refers to the occurrence of ordered domains enriched in sphingomyelin and ceramide that are largely assumed to exist irrespective of the type of N-acyl chain in the sphingolipid. Ceramides and sphingomyelins are the simplest kind of two-chained sphingolipids and show a variety of species, depending on the fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and unsaturation. Abundant evidences have shown that variations of the N-acyl chain length in ceramides and sphingomyelins markedly affect their phase state, interfacial elasticity, surface topography, electrostatics, and miscibility, and that even the usually conceived "condensed" sphingolipids and many of their mixtures may exhibit liquid-like expanded states. Their lateral miscibility properties are subtlety regulated by those chemical differences. Even between ceramides with different acyl chain length, their partial miscibility is responsible for a rich two-dimensional structural variety that impacts on the membrane properties at the mesoscale level. In this review, we will discuss the miscibility properties of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids that differ in their N-acyl or oligosaccharide chains. This work is a second part that accompanies a previous overview of the properties of membranes formed by pure ceramides or sphingomyelins, which is also included in this Special Issue.
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Doroudgar M, Lafleur M. Ceramide-C16 Is a Versatile Modulator of Phosphatidylethanolamine Polymorphism. Biophys J 2017; 112:2357-2366. [PMID: 28591608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide-C16 (CerC16) is a sphingolipid associated with several diseases like diabetes, obesity, Parkinson disease, and certain types of cancers. As a consequence, research efforts are devoted to identify the impact of CerC16 on the behavior of membranes, and to understand how it is involved in these diseases. In this work, we investigated the impacts of CerC16 (up to 20 mol %) on the lipid polymorphism of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), using differential scanning calorimetry, and sequential 2H and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A partial phase diagram is proposed. The results indicate that the presence of CerC16 leads to an upshift of the temperature of the gel-to-liquid crystalline (Lβ - Lα) phase transition, leading to a large Lβ/Lα phase coexistence region where gel-phase domains contain ∼35 mol % CerC16. It also leads to a downshift of the temperature of the lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal (L - HII) phase transition of POPE. The opposite influence on the two-phase transitions of POPE brings a three-phase coexistence line when the two transitions overlap. The resulting HII phase can be ceramide enriched, coexisting with a Lα phase, or ceramide depleted, coexisting with a Lβ phase, depending on the CerC16 proportions. The uncommon capability of CerC16 to modulate the membrane fluidity, its curvature propensity, and the membrane interface properties highlights its potential as a versatile messenger in cell membrane events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoudreza Doroudgar
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Lafleur
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Slotte JP, Yasuda T, Engberg O, Al Sazzad MA, Hautala V, Nyholm TKM, Murata M. Bilayer Interactions among Unsaturated Phospholipids, Sterols, and Ceramide. Biophys J 2017; 112:1673-1681. [PMID: 28445758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using differential scanning calorimetry and lifetime analysis of trans-parinaric acid fluorescence, we have examined how cholesterol and cholesteryl phosphocholine (CholPC) affect gel-phase properties of palmitoyl ceramide (PCer) in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dioleyol-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) bilayers. By 2H NMR, we also measured fluid-phase interactions among these lipids using deuterated analogs of POPC, PCer, and cholesterol. The PCer-rich gel phase in POPC bilayers (9:1 molar ratio of POPC to PCer) was partially and similarly dissolved (and thermostability decreased) by both cholesterol and CholPC (sterol was present equimolar to PCer, or in fourfold excess). In DOPC bilayers (4:1 DOPC/PCer molar ratio), CholPC was much more efficient in dissolving the PCer-rich gel phase when compared to cholesterol. This can be interpreted as indicating that PCer interaction with POPC was stronger than PCer interaction with DOPC. PCer-CholPC interactions were also more favored in DOPC bilayers compared to POPC bilayers. In the fluid POPC-rich phase, cholesterol increased the order of the acyl chain of d2-PCer much more than did CholPC. In DOPC-rich fluid bilayers, both cholesterol and CholPC increased d2-PCer acyl chain order, and the ordering induced by CholPC was more efficient in DOPC than in POPC bilayers. In fluid POPC bilayers, the ordering of 3-d1-cholesterol by PCer was weak. In summary, we found that in the gel phase, sterol effects on the PCer-rich gel phase were markedly influenced by the acyl chain composition of the fluid PC. The same was true for fluid-phase interactions involving the sterols. Our results further suggest that PCer did not display high affinity toward either of the sterols used. We conclude that the nature of unsaturated phospholipids (POPC versus DOPC) in bilayers has major effects on the properties of ceramide gel phases and on sterol-ceramide-phospholipid interactions in such complex bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peter Slotte
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomokazu Yasuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oskar Engberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Victor Hautala
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas K M Nyholm
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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The Long-Chain Sphingoid Base of Ceramides Determines Their Propensity for Lateral Segregation. Biophys J 2017; 112:976-983. [PMID: 28297656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined how the length of the long-chain base or the N-linked acyl chain of ceramides affected their lateral segregation in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayers. Lateral segregation and ceramide-rich phase formation was ascertained by a lifetime analysis of trans-parinaric acid (tPA) fluorescence. The longer the length of the long-chain base (d16:1, d17:1, d18:1, d19:1, and d20:1 in N-palmitoyl ceramide), the less ceramide was needed for the onset of lateral segregation and ceramide-rich phase formation. A similar but much weaker trend was observed when sphingosine (d18:1)-based ceramide had N-linked acyl chains of increasing length (14:0 and 16:0-20:0 in one-carbon increments). The apparent lateral packing of the ceramide-rich phase, as determined from the longest-lifetime component of tPA fluorescence, also correlated strongly with the long-chain base length, but not as strongly with the N-acyl chain length. Finally, we compared two ceramide analogs with equal carbon numbers (d16:1/17:0 or d20:1/13:0) and observed that the analog with a longer sphingoid base segregated at lower bilayer concentrations to a ceramide-rich phase compared with the shorter sphingoid base analog. The gel phase formed by d20:1/13:0 ceramide also was more thermostable than the gel phase formed by d16:1/17:0 ceramide. 2H NMR data for 10 mol % stearoyl ceramide in POPC also showed that the long-chain base was more ordered than the acyl chain at comparable chain positions and temperatures. We conclude that the long-chain base length of ceramide is more important than the acyl chain length in determining the lateral segregation of the ceramide-rich gel phase and intermolecular interactions therein.
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abdul-Hammed M, Breiden B, Schwarzmann G, Sandhoff K. Lipids regulate the hydrolysis of membrane bound glucosylceramide by lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:563-577. [PMID: 28126847 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m073510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is the primary storage lipid in the lysosomes of Gaucher patients and a secondary one in Niemann-Pick disease types A, B, and C. The regulatory roles of lipids on the hydrolysis of membrane bound GlcCer by lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) was probed using a detergent-free liposomal assay. The degradation rarely occurs at uncharged liposomal surfaces in the absence of saposin (Sap) C. However, anionic lipids stimulate GlcCer hydrolysis at low pH by up to 1,000-fold depending on the nature and position of the negative charges in their head groups while cationic lipids inhibit the degradation, thus showing the importance of electrostatic interactions between the polycationic GBA1 and the negatively charged vesicle surfaces at low pH. Ceramide, fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol also stimulate GlcCer hydrolysis while SM, sphingosine, and sphinganine play strong inhibitory roles, thereby explaining the secondary storage of GlcCer in Niemann-Pick diseases. Surprisingly, cholesterol stimulates GlcCer degradation in the presence of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP). Sap C strongly stimulates GlcCer hydrolysis even in the absence of BMP and the regulatory roles of the intraendolysosomal lipids on its activity is discussed. Our data suggest that these strong modifiers of GlcCer hydrolysis affect the genotype-phenotype correlation in several cases of Gaucher patients independent of the types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbaudeen Abdul-Hammed
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institut, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Biophysical Chemistry Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Bernadette Breiden
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institut, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarzmann
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institut, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institut, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit, Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Maula T, Al Sazzad MA, Slotte JP. Influence of Hydroxylation, Chain Length, and Chain Unsaturation on Bilayer Properties of Ceramides. Biophys J 2016; 109:1639-51. [PMID: 26488655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ceramides constitute a family of at least a few hundred closely related molecules distinguished by small structural differences, giving rise to individual molecular species that are expressed in distinct cellular compartments, or tissue types, in which they are believed to execute distinct functions. We have examined how specific structural details influence the bilayer properties of a selection of biologically relevant ceramides in mixed bilayers together with sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. The ceramide structure varied with regard to interfacial hydroxylation, the identity of the headgroup, the length of the N-acyl chain, and the position of cis-double bonds in the acyl chains. The interactions of the ceramides with sphingomyelin, their lateral segregation into ceramide-rich domains in phosphatidylcholine bilayers, and the effect of cholesterol on such domains were studied with DSC and various fluorescence-based approaches. The largest differences arose from the presence and relative position of cis-double bonds, causing destabilization of the ceramide's interactions and lateral packing relative to common saturated and hydroxylated species. Less variation was observed as a consequence of interfacial hydroxylation and the N-acyl chain length, although an additional hydroxyl in the sphingoid long-chain base slightly destabilized the ceramide's interactions and packing relative to a nonhydroxyceramide, whereas an additional hydroxyl in the N-acyl chain had the opposite effect. In conclusion, small structural details conferred variance in the bilayer behavior of ceramides, some causing more dramatic changes in the bilayer properties, whereas others imposed only fine adjustments in the interactions of ceramides with other membrane lipids, reflecting possible functional implications in distinct cell or tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Maula
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Al Sazzad MA, Slotte JP. Effect of Phosphatidylcholine Unsaturation on the Lateral Segregation of Palmitoyl Ceramide and Palmitoyl Dihydroceramide in Bilayer Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5973-5980. [PMID: 27218704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the interactions of saturated ceramides with unsaturated glycerophospholipids in bilayer membranes, we measured how palmitoyl ceramide (PCer) and dihydroceramide (dihydro-PCer, lacking the trans 4 double bond of the sphingoid base of ceramide) can interact with phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with palmitic acid in the sn-1 position and increasingly unsaturated acyl chains in the sn-2 position. The PCs were 16:0/18:1 (POPC), 16:0/18:2 (PLPC), 16:0/20:4 (PAPC), and 16:0(22:6 (PDPC). We also included di-18:1-PC (DOPC) to compare it with POPC. Because the ceramides were expected to segregate laterally to an ordered ceramide-rich phase, we determined the formation of the ordered phase using lifetime analysis of trans-parinaric acid (tPA) fluorescence. The presence of ordered domains, as indicated by tPA lifetime analysis, was verified by an analysis of tPA anisotropy as a function of temperature. The interaction between PCer and POPC was clearly more favored than interactions with DOPC, as seen from a more thermostable gel phase in POPC than in DOPC at equal ceramide content. The concentration needed for PCer gel phase formation was also lower in POPC than in the DOPC bilayers, suggesting that POPC had better miscibility in the ordered phase. The increased unsaturation of the sn-2 acyl chains of the PCs had more clear effects of dihydro-PCer segregation than on PCer segregation, and the dihydro-PCer gel phase became more thermostable as the unsaturation in the PC increased. We conclude that the interactions between ceramides and PCs were complex and affected both by the trans 4 double bond of PCer by the palmitoyl acyl in the sn-1 position and by the overall degree of unsaturation of the sn-2 acyl chain of the PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University , Turku, Finland
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48
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Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN. Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156754. [PMID: 27275866 PMCID: PMC4898768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (USMB) is a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. Pores formed upon USMB treatment are rapidly resealed, suggesting that other processes such as enhanced endocytosis may contribute to the enhanced material uptake by cells upon USMB treatment. How USMB regulates endocytic processes remains incompletely understood. Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. Tracking the abundance of TfR on the cell surface and the internalization of its ligand transferrin revealed that USMB acutely enhances the rate of CME. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that USMB treatment altered the assembly of clathrin-coated pits, the basic structural units of CME. In addition, the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis was enhanced, but with delayed onset upon USMB treatment relative to the enhancement of CME, suggesting that the two processes are distinctly regulated by USMB. Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. These results indicate that USMB enhances both CME and fluid phase endocytosis through distinct signaling mechanisms, and suggest that strategies for potentiating the enhancement of endocytosis upon USMB treatment may improve targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fekri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Department of Medical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
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García-Arribas AB, Axpe E, Mujika JI, Mérida D, Busto JV, Sot J, Alonso A, Lopez X, García JÁ, Ugalde JM, Plazaola F, Goñi FM. Cholesterol-Ceramide Interactions in Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Bilayers As Observed by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5434-5444. [PMID: 27158737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Free volume voids in lipid bilayers can be measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). This technique has been applied, together with differential scanning calorimetry and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to study the effects of cholesterol (Chol) and ceramide (Cer) on free volume voids in sphingomyelin (SM) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers. Binary lipid samples with Chol were studied (DPPC:Chol 60:40, SM:Chol 60:40 mol ratio), and no phase transition was detected in the 20-60 °C range, in agreement with calorimetric data. Chol-driven liquid-ordered phase showed an intermediate free volume void size as compared to gel and fluid phases. For SM and SM:Cer (85:15 mol:mol) model membranes measured in the 20-60 °C range the gel-to-fluid phase transition could be observed with a related increase in free volume, which was more pronounced for the SM:Cer sample. MD simulations suggest a hitherto unsuspected lipid tilting in SM:Cer bilayers but not in pure SM. Ternary samples of DPPC:Cer:Chol (54:23:23) and SM:Cer:Chol (54:23:23) were measured, and a clear pattern of free volume increase was observed in the 20-60 °C because of the gel-to-fluid transition. Interestingly, MD simulations showed a tendency of Cer to change its distribution along the membrane to make room for Chol in ternary mixtures. The results suggest that the gel phase formed in these ternary mixtures is stabilized by Chol-Cer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz B García-Arribas
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Eneko Axpe
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jon Iñaki Mujika
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - David Mérida
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jon V Busto
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Sot
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose Ángel García
- Department of Applied Physics II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) , 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20018 Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Fernando Plazaola
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) , 48080, Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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50
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García-Arribas AB, Alonso A, Goñi FM. Cholesterol interactions with ceramide and sphingomyelin. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:26-34. [PMID: 27132117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids contain in their polar heads chemical groups allowing them to establish a complex network of H-bonds (through different OH and NHgroups) with other lipids in the bilayer. In the recent years the specific interaction of sphingomyelin (SM) with cholesterol (Chol) has been examined, largely in the context of the "lipid raft" hypothesis. Formation of SM-Ceramide (Cer) complexes, proposed to exist in cell membranes in response to stress, has also been described. More recently, a delicate balance of phase formation and transformation in ternary mixtures of SM, Chol and Cer, with mutual displacement of Chol and Cer from their interaction with SM is considered to exist. In addition, data demonstrating direct Chol-Cer interaction are becoming available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritz B García-Arribas
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felix M Goñi
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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