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Tian D, Qiao Y, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Shi L, Xiong X, He M, Xu X, Shi B. A Poly-D-Mannose Synthesized by a One-Pot Method Exhibits Anti-Biofilm, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1579. [PMID: 37627574 PMCID: PMC10451989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, D-mannose was used to synthesize poly-D-mannose using a one-pot method. The molecular weight, degree of branching, monosaccharide composition, total sugar content, and infrared spectrum were determined. In addition, we evaluated the safety and bioactivity of poly-D-mannose including anti-pathogen biofilm, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that poly-D-mannose was a mixture of four components with different molecular weights. The molecular weight of the first three components was larger than 410,000 Da, and that of the fourth was 3884 Da. The branching degree of poly-D-mannose was 0.53. The total sugar content was 97.70%, and the monosaccharide was composed only of mannose. The infrared spectra showed that poly-D-mannose possessed characteristic groups of polysaccharides. Poly-D-mannose showed no cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity at the concentration range from 0.125 mg/mL to 8 mg/mL. In addition, poly-D-mannose had the best inhibition effect on Salmonella typhimurium at the concentration of 2 mg/mL (68.0% ± 3.9%). The inhibition effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not obvious, and the biofilm was reduced by 37.6% ± 2.9% at 2 mg/mL. For Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, poly-D-mannose had no effect on biofilms at low concentration; however, 2 mg/mL of poly-D-mannose showed inhibition rates of 33.7% ± 6.4% and 47.5% ± 4%, respectively. Poly-D-mannose showed different scavenging ability on free radicals. It showed the best scavenging effect on DPPH, with the highest scavenging rate of 74.0% ± 2.8%, followed by hydroxyl radicals, with the scavenging rate of 36.5% ± 1.6%; the scavenging rates of superoxide anion radicals and ABTS radicals were the lowest, at only 10.1% ± 2.1% and 16.3% ± 0.9%, respectively. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, poly-D-mannose decreased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, it can be concluded that poly-D-mannose prepared in this research is safe and has certain biological activity. Meanwhile, it provides a new idea for the development of novel prebiotics for food and feed industries or active ingredients used for pharmaceutical production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.T.); (Y.Q.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (D.T.); (Y.Q.); (Q.P.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (L.S.); (X.X.); (M.H.)
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Zhong L, Guo X, Xue H, Qiao Y, Mao D, Ye X, Cui Z, Li Z, Hu G, Huang Y. Quality Characteristics of Reduced-Fat Emulsified Sausages Made with Yeast Mannoprotein Enzymatically Prepared with a β-1,6-glucanase. Foods 2023; 12:2486. [PMID: 37444224 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannoproteins, as yeast polysaccharides, have been utilized in food the industry as dietary fibers, emulsifying agents or fat replacers. Mannoprotein MP112, produced from yeast by enzymatic hydrolysis of myxobacterial β-1,6-glucanase GluM, exhibits excellent emulsifying properties in emulsion preparation. In this study, we aimed to examine the application of stable emulsion with the addition of mannoprotein MP112 (MP112 emulsion) to reduce the fat content of sausages. The addition of MP112 emulsion in emulsified sausages significantly reduced the fat content and increased the moisture and protein contents of emulsified sausages without the expense of their good sensory quality. Moreover, the textural properties of sausages were markedly improved with the higher hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness, especially in the 50-75% replacement ratio of MP112 emulsion. On the other hand, MP112 emulsion replacement of animal fat markedly improved the nutritional composition of emulsified sausages; they displayed a higher PUFA/SFA ratio and lower n-6/n-3 ratio due to their saturated fatty acids being replaced by poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Meanwhile, the oxidative stability of sausages was improved linearly, corresponding to the increased replacement ratio of MP112 emulsion. Our results show that mannoprotein-based emulsions could be used as potential fat alternatives in developing reduced-fat meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huizhen Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Dongmei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Laboratory Center of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Anticancer Asparaginases: Perspectives in Using Filamentous Fungi as Cell Factories. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amidohydrolase) catalyzes the breakdown of L-asparagine into aspartate and ammonia, which leads to an anti-neoplastic activity stemming from its capacity to deplete L-asparagine concentrations in the bloodstream, and it is therefore used in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to inhibit malignant cell growth. Nowadays, this anti-cancer enzyme, largely produced by Escherichia coli, is well established on the market. However, E. coli L-asparaginase therapy has side effects such as anaphylaxis, coagulation abnormality, low plasma half-life, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, protease action, hyperglycemia, and cerebral dysfunction. This review provides a perspective on the use of filamentous fungi as alternative cell factories for L-asparaginase production. Filamentous fungi, such as various Aspergillus species, have superior protein secretion capacity compared to yeast and bacteria and studies show their potential for the future production of proteins with humanized N-linked glycans. This article explores the past and present applications of this important enzyme and discusses the prospects for using filamentous fungi to produce safe eukaryotic asparaginases with high production yields.
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Heterologous (Over) Expression of Human SoLute Carrier (SLC) in Yeast: A Well-Recognized Tool for Human Transporter Function/Structure Studies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081206. [PMID: 36013385 PMCID: PMC9410066 DOI: 10.3390/life12081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For more than 20 years, yeast has been a widely used system for the expression of human membrane transporters. Among them, more than 400 are members of the largest transporter family, the SLC superfamily. SLCs play critical roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis by transporting nutrients, ions, and waste products. Based on their involvement in drug absorption and in several human diseases, they are considered emerging therapeutic targets. Despite their critical role in human health, a large part of SLCs' is 'orphans' for substrate specificity or function. Moreover, very few data are available concerning their 3D structure. On the basis of the human health benefits of filling these knowledge gaps, an understanding of protein expression in systems that allow functional production of these proteins is essential. Among the 500 known yeast species, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris represent those most employed for this purpose. This review aims to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art on the attempts of human SLC expression performed by exploiting yeast. The collected data will hopefully be useful for guiding new attempts in SLCs expression with the aim to reveal new fundamental data that could lead to potential effects on human health.
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Dean N, Jones R, DaSilva J, Chionchio G, Ng H. The Mnn10/Anp1-dependent N-linked outer chain glycan is dispensable for Candida albicans cell wall integrity. Genetics 2022; 221:6554200. [PMID: 35333306 PMCID: PMC9071539 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans cell wall glycoproteins, and in particular their mannose-rich glycans, are important for maintaining cellular integrity as well as host recognition, adhesion, and immunomodulation. The asparagine (N)-linked mannose outer chain of these glycoproteins is produced by Golgi mannosyltransferases (MTases). The outer chain is composed of a linear backbone of ∼50 α1,6-linked mannoses, which acts as a scaffold for addition of ∼150 or more mannoses in other linkages. Here, we describe the characterization of C. albicans OCH1, MNN9, VAN1, ANP1, MNN10, and MNN11, which encode the conserved Golgi MTases that sequentially catalyze the α1,6 mannose outer chain backbone. Candida albicans och1Δ/Δ, mnn9Δ/Δ, and van1Δ/Δ mutants block the earliest steps of backbone synthesis and like their Saccharomyces cerevisiae counterparts, have severe cell wall and growth phenotypes. Unexpectedly, and in stark contrast to S. cerevisiae, loss of Anp1, Mnn10, or Mnn11, which together synthesize most of the backbone, have no obvious deleterious phenotypes. These mutants were unaffected in cell morphology, growth, drug sensitivities, hyphal formation, and macrophage recognition. Analyses of secreted glycosylation reporters demonstrated that anp1Δ/Δ, mnn10Δ/Δ, and mnn11Δ/Δ strains accumulate glycoproteins with severely truncated N-glycan chains. This hypo-mannosylation did not elicit increased chitin deposition in the cell wall, which in other yeast and fungi is a key compensatory response to cell wall integrity breaches. Thus, C. albicans has evolved an alternate mechanism to adapt to cell wall weakness when N-linked mannan levels are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Life Sciences Bldg Room 310, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Justin DaSilva
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Chionchio
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Henry Ng
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Shenoy A, Barb AW. Recent Advances Toward Engineering Glycoproteins Using Modified Yeast Display Platforms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2370:185-205. [PMID: 34611870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1685-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yeast are capable recombinant protein expression hosts that provide eukaryotic posttranslational modifications such as disulfide bond formation and N-glycosylation. This property has been used to create surface display libraries for protein engineering; however, yeast surface display (YSD) with common laboratory strains has limitations in terms of diversifying glycoproteins due to the incorporation of high levels of mannose residues which often obscure important epitopes and are immunogenic in humans. Developing new strains for efficient and appropriate display will require combining existing technologies to permit efficient glycoprotein engineering. Foundational efforts generating knockout strains lacking characteristic hypermannosylation reactions exhibited morphological defects and poor growth. Later strains with "humanized" N-glycosylation machinery surmounted these limitations by targeting a small suite of glycosylhydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes from other taxa to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. Advanced yeast strains also provide key modifications at the glycan termini that are essential for the full function of many glycoproteins. Here we review progress toward glycoprotein engineering when glycosylation is required for full function using advanced yeast expression platforms and the suitability of each for YSD of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Shenoy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Adam W Barb
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Customized yeast cell factories for biopharmaceuticals: from cell engineering to process scale up. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:124. [PMID: 34193127 PMCID: PMC8246677 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacture of recombinant therapeutics is a fastest-developing section of therapeutic pharmaceuticals and presently plays a significant role in disease management. Yeasts are established eukaryotic host for heterologous protein production and offer distinctive benefits in synthesising pharmaceutical recombinants. Yeasts are proficient of vigorous growth on inexpensive media, easy for gene manipulations, and are capable of adding post translational changes of eukaryotes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is model yeast that has been applied as a main host for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and is the major tool box for genetic studies; nevertheless, numerous other yeasts comprising Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, and Yarrowia lipolytica have attained huge attention as non-conventional partners intended for the industrial manufacture of heterologous proteins. Here we review the advances in yeast gene manipulation tools and techniques for heterologous pharmaceutical protein synthesis. Application of secretory pathway engineering, glycosylation engineering strategies and fermentation scale-up strategies in customizing yeast cells for the synthesis of therapeutic proteins has been meticulously described.
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Hosseini M, Sharifan A. Biological Properties of Yeast-based Mannoprotein for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:831-840. [PMID: 32819224 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200818162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products constitute more than half of all biomolecules lately being used in clinical settings. Mannoprotein derived from the yeast cell wall has found full biotechnological applications. OBJECTIVE This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicological properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus mannoprotein (KM). METHODS The KM extract was obtained through a sequence of operations, including centrifugation for cell isolation, precipitation with potassium citrate/sodium metabisulfite, and recovery and purification. Its antioxidant, growth inhibition, macrophage mitogenic, and toxic activities were evaluated for its future use in the biomedical field. RESULTS Significant inhibitory effects of KM were obtained on reactive species. It showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with no toxic effects on HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). The in vitro model of CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary) cell lines did not show the cytotoxic and genotoxic of KM. Moreover, it enhanced macrophage activity in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production and viability. No sign of acute toxicity was found in BALB/c mice, and body weight remained unchanged in guinea pigs over three months. CONCLUSION Comprehensive biological evaluations in this study are expected to expand the potential of KM as a natural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Currently at Diagnostic and Therapeutic Industrial Group, Khayyam Innovation Ecosystem, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anoosheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Huynh HH, Morita N, Sakamoto T, Katayama T, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M, Chiba Y, Shinkura R, Maruyama JI. Functional production of human antibody by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32514366 PMCID: PMC7257131 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-020-00098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as biopharmaceuticals take a pivotal role in the current therapeutic applications. Generally mammalian cell lines, such as those derived from Chinese hamster ovaries (CHO), are used to produce the recombinant antibody. However, there are still concerns about the high cost and the risk of pathogenic contamination when using mammalian cells. Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus recognized as a GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) organism, has an ability to secrete a large amount of proteins into the culture supernatant, and thus the fungus has been used as one of the cost-effective microbial hosts for heterologous protein production. Pursuing this strategy the human anti-TNFα antibody adalimumab, one of the world's best-selling antibodies for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, was chosen to produce the full length of mAbs by A. oryzae. Generally, N-glycosylation of the antibody affects immune effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) via binding to the Fc receptor (FcγR) on immune cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to first delete the Aooch1 gene encoding a key enzyme for the hyper-mannosylation process in fungi to investigate the binding ability of antibody with FcγRIIIa. RESULTS Adalimumab was expressed in A. oryzae by the fusion protein system with α-amylase AmyB. The full-length adalimumab consisting of two heavy and two light chains was successfully produced in the culture supernatants. Among the producing strains, the highest amount of antibody was obtained from the ten-protease deletion strain (39.7 mg/L). Two-step purifications by Protein A and size-exclusion chromatography were applied to obtain the high purity sample for further analysis. The antigen-binding and TNFα neutralizing activities of the adalimumab produced by A. oryzae were comparable with those of a commercial product Humira®. No apparent binding with the FcγRIIIa was detected with the recombinant adalimumab even by altering the N-glycan structure using the Aooch1 deletion strain, which suggests only a little additional activity of immune effector functions. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated an alternative low-cost platform for human antibody production by using A. oryzae, possibly offering a reasonable expenditure for patient's welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hiep Huynh
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Morita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Katayama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu X, Lin Q, Yan Y, Peng F, Sun R, Ren J. Hemicellulose from Plant Biomass in Medical and Pharmaceutical Application: A Critical Review. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2430-2455. [PMID: 28685685 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170705113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the non-toxicity, abundance and biodegradability, recently more and more attention has been focused on the exploration of hemicellulose as the potential substrate for the production of liquid fuels and other value-added chemicals and materials in different fields. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the promising application of nature hemicellulose and its derivative products including its degradation products, its new derivatives and hemicellulosebased medical biodegradable materials in the medical and pharmaceutical field, especially for inmmune regulation, bacteria inhibition, drug release, anti-caries, scaffold materials and anti-tumor. METHODS We searched the related papers about the medical and pharmaceutical application of hemicellulose and its derivative products, and summarized their preparation methods, properties and use effects. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-seven papers were included in this review. Forty-seven papers introduced the extraction and application in immune regulation of nature hemicellulose, such as xylan, mannan, xyloglucan (XG) and β-glucan. Seventy-seven papers mentioned the preparation and application of degradation products of hemicellulose for adjusting intestinal function, maintaining blood glucose levels, enhancing the immunity and alleviating human fatigue fields such as xylooligosaccharides, xylitol, xylose, arabinose, etc. The preparation of hemicellulose derivatives were described in thirty-two papers such as hemicellulose esters, hemicellulose ethers and their effects on anticoagulants, adsorption of creatinine, the addition of immune cells and the inhibition of harmful bacteria. Finally, the preparations of hemicellulose-based materials such as hydrogels and membrane for the field of drug release, cell immobilization, cancer therapy and wound dressings were presented using fifty-five papers. CONCLUSION The structure of hemicellulose-based products has the significant impact on properties and the use effect for the immunity, and treating various diseases of human. However, some efforts should be made to explore and improve the properties of hemicellulose-based products and design the new materials to broaden hemicellulose applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qixuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuhuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Hirayama H, Matsuda T, Tsuchiya Y, Oka R, Seino J, Huang C, Nakajima K, Noda Y, Shichino Y, Iwasaki S, Suzuki T. Free glycans derived from O-mannosylated glycoproteins suggest the presence of an O-glycoprotein degradation pathway in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15900-15911. [PMID: 31311856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, unconjugated oligosaccharides that are structurally related to N-glycans (i.e. free N-glycans) are generated either from misfolded N-glycoproteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation or from lipid-linked oligosaccharides, donor substrates for N-glycosylation of proteins. The mechanism responsible for the generation of free N-glycans is now well-understood, but the issue of whether other types of free glycans are present remains unclear. Here, we report on the accumulation of free, O-mannosylated glycans in budding yeast that were cultured in medium containing mannose as the carbon source. A structural analysis of these glycans revealed that their structures are identical to those of O-mannosyl glycans that are attached to glycoproteins. Deletion of the cyc8 gene, which encodes for a general transcription repressor, resulted in the accumulation of excessive amounts of free O-glycans, concomitant with a severe growth defect, a reduction in the level of an O-mannosylated protein, and compromised cell wall integrity. Our findings provide evidence in support of a regulated pathway for the degradation of O-glycoproteins in yeast and offer critical insights into the catabolic mechanisms that control the fate of O-glycosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tsugiyo Matsuda
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yae Tsuchiya
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Oka
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junichi Seino
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Department of Academic Research Support Promotion Facility, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Noda
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shichino
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Kang L, EloRM AM, Zhou H, Zhao J. The α-1,6-mannosyltransferase VdOCH1 plays a major role in microsclerotium formation and virulence in the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:539-546. [PMID: 31196523 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower yellow wilt is a widespread and destructive disease caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). To better understand the pathogenesis mechanism of V. dahliae in sunflower, T-DNA insertion library was generated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system (ATMT). Eight hundred positive transformants were obtained. Transformants varied in colony morphology, growth rate, conidia production and pathogenicity in sunflower compared to the wild type strain. A mutant, named VdGn3-L2, was chosen for further analysis based on its deprivation on microsclerotia formation. The flanking sequence of T-DNA insertion site of VdGn3-L2 was identified via hiTAIL-PCR, and the interrupted gene encoded an initiation-specific α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase, named as VdOCH1. The deletion mutant ΔVdOCH1 was impaired in certain characteristics such as fungal growth, conidia production, and microsclerotia formation. Also, ΔVdOCH1 mutants were more sensitive to the cell wall perturbing reagents, such as SDS and Congo red, lost their penetration ability through cellophane membrane, and exhibited dramatically decreased pathogenicity to sunflower. The impaired phenotypes could be restored to the wild type level by complementation of the deletion mutant with full-length VdOCH1 gene. In conclusion, VdOCH1, encoded α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, manipulating the biological characteristics, microsclerotia formation and pathogenic ability of V. dahliae in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liru Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Addrah Mandela EloRM
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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13
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Zhao SB, Suda Y, Nakanishi H, Wang N, Yoko-O T, Gao XD, Fujita M. Yeast Dop1 is required for glycosyltransferase retrieval from the trans-Golgi network. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1147-1157. [PMID: 30981741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosyltransferases are type II membrane proteins that are responsible for glycan modification of proteins and lipids, and localize to distinct cisternae in the Golgi apparatus. During cisternal maturation, retrograde trafficking helps maintain the steady-state localization of these enzymes in the sub-compartments of the Golgi. METHODS To understand how glycosyltransferases are recycled in the late Golgi complex, we searched for genes that are essential for budding yeast cell growth and that encode proteins localized in endosomes and in the Golgi. We specifically analyzed the roles of Dop1 and its binding partner Neo1 in retaining Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases, in the late Golgi complex. RESULTS Dop1 primarily localized to younger compartments of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and seemed to cycle within the TGN. In contrast, Neo1, a P4-ATPase that interacts with Dop1, localized to the TGN. Abolition of DOP1 expression led to defects in the FM4-64 endocytic pathway. Dop1 and Neo1 were required for correct glycosylation of invertase, a secretory protein, at the Golgi. In DOP1-shutdown cells, Och1, a mannosyltransferase that is typically located in the cis-Golgi, mislocalized to the TGN. In addition, the function of multiple glycosyltransferases required for N- and O-glycosylation were impaired in DOP1-shutdown cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Dop1 is involved in vesicular transport at the TGN, and is critical for retrieving glycosyltransferases from the TGN to the Golgi in yeast. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases recycling from the TGN to the Golgi is dependent on Dop1 and the P4-ATPase Neo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Bao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Takehiko Yoko-O
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Lysosomal Targeting Enhancement by Conjugation of Glycopeptides Containing Mannose-6-phosphate Glycans Derived from Glyco-engineered Yeast. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8730. [PMID: 29880804 PMCID: PMC5992200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic enzymes for lysosomal storage diseases require a high content of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) glycan, which is important for cellular uptake and lysosomal targeting. We constructed glyco-engineered yeast harboring a high content of mannosylphosphorylated glycans, which can be converted to M6P glycans by uncapping of the outer mannose residue. In this study, the cell wall of this yeast was employed as a natural M6P glycan source for conjugation to therapeutic enzymes. The extracted cell wall mannoproteins were digested by pronase to generate short glycopeptides, which were further elaborated by uncapping and α(1,2)-mannosidase digestion steps. The resulting glycopeptides containing M6P glycans (M6PgPs) showed proper cellular uptake and lysosome targeting. The purified M6PgPs were successfully conjugated to a recombinant acid α-glucosidase (rGAA), used for the treatment of Pompe disease, by two-step reactions using two hetero-bifunctional crosslinkers. First, rGAA and M6PgPs were modified with crosslinkers containing azide and dibenzocyclooctyne, respectively. In the second reaction using copper-free click chemistry, the azide-functionalized rGAA was conjugated with dibenzocyclooctyne-functionalized M6PgPs without the loss of enzyme activity. The M6PgP-conjugated rGAA had a 16-fold higher content of M6P glycan than rGAA, which resulted in greatly increased cellular uptake and efficient digestion of glycogen accumulated in Pompe disease patient fibroblasts.
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15
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Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ijaz B, Ahmed N, Rahman ZU, Latif MS, Ali Q, Rana MA. Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2787-2798. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Huang G. The derivatization and antioxidant activities of yeast mannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:755-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Structural analysis of N-/O-glycans assembled on proteins in yeasts. J Microbiol 2018; 56:11-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-7468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Engineering of Yeast Glycoprotein Expression. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 175:93-135. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2018_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Anderson NS, Mukherjee I, Bentivoglio CM, Barlowe C. The Golgin protein Coy1 functions in intra-Golgi retrograde transport and interacts with the COG complex and Golgi SNAREs. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:mbc.E17-03-0137. [PMID: 28794270 PMCID: PMC5620376 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-03-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended coiled-coil proteins of the Golgin family play prominent roles in maintaining the structure and function of the Golgi complex. Here we further investigate the Golgin protein Coy1 and document its function in retrograde transport between early Golgi compartments. Cells that lack Coy1 displayed a reduced half-life of the Och1 mannosyltransferase, an established cargo of intra-Golgi retrograde transport. Combining the coy1Δ mutation with deletions in other putative retrograde Golgins (sgm1Δ and rud3Δ) caused strong glycosylation and growth defects and reduced membrane association of the Conserved Oligomeric Golgi complex. In contrast, overexpression of COY1 inhibited the growth of mutant strains deficient in fusion activity at the Golgi (sed5-1 and sly1-ts). To map Coy1 protein interactions, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed an association with the Conserved Oliogmeric Golgi (COG) complex and with intra-Golgi SNARE proteins. These physical interactions are direct, as Coy1 was efficiently captured in vitro by Lobe A of the COG complex and the purified SNARE proteins Gos1, Sed5 and Sft1. Thus, our genetic, in vivo, and biochemical data indicate a role for Coy1 in regulating COG complex-dependent fusion of retrograde-directed COPI vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Indrani Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Christine M Bentivoglio
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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Kamei M, Tsukagoshi Y, Banno S, Ichiishi A, Fukumori F, Fujimura M. Phenotypic abnormalities of fr , sp , and och-1 single mutants are suppressed by loss of putative GPI-phospholipase A2 in Neurospora crassa. MYCOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Abolishment of N-glycan mannosylphosphorylation in glyco-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by double disruption of MNN4 and MNN14 genes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2979-2989. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Zacchi LF, Schulz BL. SWATH-MS Glycoproteomics Reveals Consequences of Defects in the Glycosylation Machinery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2435-47. [PMID: 27094473 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.056366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan macro- and microheterogeneity have profound impacts on protein folding and function. This heterogeneity can be regulated by physiological or environmental factors. However, unregulated heterogeneity can lead to disease, and mutations in the glycosylation process cause a growing number of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. We systematically studied how mutations in the N-glycosylation pathway lead to defects in mature proteins using all viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with deletions in genes encoding Endoplasmic Reticulum lumenal mannosyltransferases (Alg3, Alg9, and Alg12), glucosyltransferases (Alg6, Alg8, and Die2/Alg10), or oligosaccharyltransferase subunits (Ost3, Ost5, and Ost6). To measure the changes in glycan macro- and microheterogeneity in mature proteins caused by these mutations we developed a SWATH-mass spectrometry glycoproteomics workflow. We measured glycan structures and occupancy on mature cell wall glycoproteins, and relative protein abundance, in the different mutants. All mutants showed decreased glycan occupancy and altered cell wall proteomes compared with wild-type cells. Mutations in earlier mannosyltransferase or glucosyltransferase steps of glycan biosynthesis had stronger hypoglycosylation phenotypes, but glucosyltransferase defects were more severe. ER mannosyltransferase mutants displayed substantial global changes in glycan microheterogeneity consistent with truncations in the glycan transferred to protein in these strains. Although ER glucosyltransferase and oligosaccharyltransferase subunit mutants broadly showed no change in glycan structures, ost3Δ cells had shorter glycan structures at some sites, consistent with increased protein quality control mannosidase processing in this severely hypoglycosylating mutant. This method allows facile relative quantitative glycoproteomics, and our results provide insights into global regulation of site-specific glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia F Zacchi
- From the ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia; §Fundación Instituto Leloir, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- From the ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia;
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23
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Recent advances in the understanding of the Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall. J Microbiol 2016; 54:232-42. [PMID: 26920883 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, research on the synthesis and organization of the cell wall polysaccharides of Aspergillus fumigatus has expanded our knowledge of this important fungal structure. Besides protecting the fungus from environmental stresses and maintaining structural integrity of the organism, the cell wall is also the primary site for interaction with host tissues during infection. Cell wall polysaccharides are important ligands for the recognition of fungi by the innate immune system and they can mediate potent immunomodulatory effects. The synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides is a complicated process that requires coordinated regulation of many biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. Continuous synthesis and remodeling of the polysaccharides of the cell wall is essential for the survival of the fungus during development, reproduction, colonization and invasion. As these polysaccharides are absent from the human host, these biosynthetic pathways are attractive targets for antifungal development. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides, including the emerging role of cell wall polysaccharides in the host-pathogen interaction.
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24
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Anyaogu DC, Mortensen UH. Manipulating the glycosylation pathway in bacterial and lower eukaryotes for production of therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 36:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Gil JY, Park JN, Lee KJ, Kang JY, Kim YH, Kim S, Kim SY, Kwon O, Lim YT, Kang HA, Oh DB. Increased mannosylphosphorylation of N-glycans by heterologous expression of YlMPO1 in glyco-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for mannose-6-phosphate modification. J Biotechnol 2015; 206:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Kim H, Yoo SJ, Kang HA. Yeast synthetic biology for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:1-16. [PMID: 25130199 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of recombinant therapeutic proteins is one of the fast-growing areas of molecular medicine and currently plays an important role in treatment of several diseases. Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microbial host cells that offer unique advantages in producing biopharmaceutical proteins. Yeasts are capable of robust growth on simple media, readily accommodate genetic modifications, and incorporate typical eukaryotic post-translational modifications. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional baker's yeast that has been used as a major host for the production of biopharmaceuticals; however, several nonconventional yeast species including Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, and Yarrowia lipolytica have gained increasing attention as alternative hosts for the industrial production of recombinant proteins. In this review, we address the established and emerging genetic tools and host strains suitable for recombinant protein production in various yeast expression systems, particularly focusing on current efforts toward synthetic biology approaches in developing yeast cell factories for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Laukens B, Visscher CD, Callewaert N. Engineering yeast for producing human glycoproteins: where are we now? Future Microbiol 2015; 10:21-34. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Yeast has advanced as an alternative for mammalian cell culture for the production of recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins. Engineered yeast strains not only allow to mimic the human N-glycosylation pathway but also specific types of human O-glycosylation. This is of great value for therapeutic protein production and indispensable to determine the structure-function relationships of glycans on recombinant proteins. However, as the technology matures, some limitations have come up that may hamper biomedical applications and must be considered to exploit the full potential of the unprecedented glycan homogeneity obtained on relevant biopharmaceuticals. In this special report, we focus on the recent developments in N- and O-glycosylation engineering in yeasts of industrial importance, to produce recombinant therapeutics with customized glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Laukens
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), VIB-UGent, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry & Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, K.L.-Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Visscher
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), VIB-UGent, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry & Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, K.L.-Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Inflammation Research Centre (IRC), VIB-UGent, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry & Biomolecular Engineering, Ghent University, K.L.-Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB-UGent, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abe H, Nakayama KI. Development of a Valuable Yeast Strain Using a Novel Mutagenesis Technique for the Effective Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1321:123-127. [PMID: 26082219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2760-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The so-called disparity mutagenesis technique selectively elevates mutation in the lagging strand of DNA by using a mutant form of DNA polymerase δ, encoded on a proofreading-deficient pol3 gene. This novel mutagenesis technique generates a pool of mutants that includes a no-mutant strain together with mutant strains carrying multiple mutations. By using a suitable screening system it is possible to isolate the desired mutant strain from this pool of mutants. Here, we used our novel mutagenesis technique to isolate a yeast strain with good growth characteristics that was glycosylation deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
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29
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Conformational dynamics of oligosaccharides characterized by paramagnetism-assisted NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:217-30. [PMID: 25408346 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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30
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Liu HZ, Liu L, Hui H, Wang Q. Structural Characterization and Antineoplastic Activity ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMannoprotein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.819364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Improving the Secretory Production of the Heterologous Protein in Pichia pastoris by Focusing on Protein Folding. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:535-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Young CL, Robinson AS. Protein folding and secretion: mechanistic insights advancing recombinant protein production in S. cerevisiae. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 30:168-77. [PMID: 25032908 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of genomic approaches coupled to recombinant DNA technologies have identified the quality control systems that regulate proteostasis - biological pathways that modulate protein biogenesis, maturation, trafficking, and degradation. The elucidation of these pathways has become of growing importance in therapeutics as loss of proteostasis has been suggested to lead to a number of human diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's Disease and Type II Diabetes. We anticipate that the most successful strategies for protein expression and therapeutics development may involve integration of protein engineering strategies with host manipulation, to exploit the cell's native stress response pathways and trafficking mechanisms. This review will highlight recent findings and mechanistic detail correlated to quality control in the early secretory pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa L Young
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States.
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Kamiya Y, Satoh T, Kato K. Recent advances in glycoprotein production for structural biology: toward tailored design of glycoforms. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 26:44-53. [PMID: 24841384 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Because of the complexity, heterogeneity, and flexibility of the glycans, the structural analysis of glycoproteins has been eschewed until recently, with a few prominent exceptions. This aversion may have branded structural biologists as glycophobics. However, recent technological advancements in glycoprotein expression systems, employing genetically engineered production vehicles derived from mammalian, insect, yeast, and even bacterial cells, have yielded encouraging breakthroughs. The major advance is the active control of glycoform expression of target glycoproteins based on the genetic manipulation of glycan biogenetic pathways, which was previously overlooked, abolished, or considered unmanageable. Moreover, synthetic and/or chemoenzymatic approaches now enable the preparation of glycoproteins with uniform glycoforms designed in a tailored fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kamiya
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; JST, PRESTO, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; The Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; GLYENCE Co., Ltd., 2-22-8 Chikusa, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0858, Japan.
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Li MH, Xie XL, Lin XF, Shi JX, Ding ZJ, Ling JF, Xi PG, Zhou JN, Leng Y, Zhong S, Jiang ZD. Functional characterization of the gene FoOCH1 encoding a putative α-1,6-mannosyltransferase in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 65:1-13. [PMID: 24503549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) is the causal agent of banana Fusarium wilt and has become one of the most destructive pathogens threatening the banana production worldwide. However, few genes related to morphogenesis and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen have been functionally characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized the disrupted gene in a T-DNA insertional mutant (L953) of FOC with significantly reduced virulence on banana plants. The gene disrupted by T-DNA insertion in L953 harbors an open reading frame, which encodes a protein with homology to α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (OCH1) in fungi. The deletion mutants (ΔFoOCH1) of the OCH1 orthologue (FoOCH1) in FOC were impaired in fungal growth, exhibited brighter staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Concanavalin A, had less cell wall proteins and secreted more proteins into liquid media than the wild type. Furthermore, the mutation or deletion of FoOCH1 led to loss of ability to penetrate cellophane membrane and decline in hyphal attachment and colonization as well as virulence to the banana host. The mutant phenotypes were fully restored by complementation with the wild type FoOCH1 gene. Our data provide a first evidence for the critical role of FoOCH1 in maintenance of cell wall integrity and virulence of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xian-Feng Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhao-Jian Ding
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin-Feng Ling
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ping-Gen Xi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Nuan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yueqiang Leng
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Shaobin Zhong
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - Zi-De Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Krainer FW, Gmeiner C, Neutsch L, Windwarder M, Pletzenauer R, Herwig C, Altmann F, Glieder A, Spadiut O. Knockout of an endogenous mannosyltransferase increases the homogeneity of glycoproteins produced in Pichia pastoris. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3279. [PMID: 24252857 PMCID: PMC3834888 DOI: 10.1038/srep03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Pichia pastoris is a common host for the recombinant production of biopharmaceuticals, capable of performing posttranslational modifications like glycosylation of secreted proteins. However, the activity of the OCH1 encoded α-1,6-mannosyltransferase triggers hypermannosylation of secreted proteins at great heterogeneity, considerably hampering downstream processing and reproducibility. Horseradish peroxidases are versatile enzymes with applications in diagnostics, bioremediation and cancer treatment. Despite the importance of these enzymes, they are still isolated from plant at low yields with different biochemical properties. Here we show the production of homogeneous glycoprotein species of recombinant horseradish peroxidase by using a P. pastoris platform strain in which OCH1 was deleted. This och1 knockout strain showed a growth impaired phenotype and considerable rearrangements of cell wall components, but nevertheless secreted more homogeneously glycosylated protein carrying mainly Man8 instead of Man10 N-glycans as a dominant core glycan structure at a volumetric productivity of 70% of the wildtype strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Krainer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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Striebeck A, Robinson DA, Schüttelkopf AW, van Aalten DMF. Yeast Mnn9 is both a priming glycosyltransferase and an allosteric activator of mannan biosynthesis. Open Biol 2013; 3:130022. [PMID: 24026536 PMCID: PMC3787745 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell possesses an essential carbohydrate cell wall. The outer layer, mannan, is formed by mannoproteins carrying highly mannosylated O- and N-linked glycans. Yeast mannan biosynthesis is initiated by a Golgi-located complex (M-Pol I) of two GT-62 mannosyltransferases, Mnn9p and Van1p, that are conserved in fungal pathogens. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans mnn9 knockouts show an aberrant cell wall and increased antibiotic sensitivity, suggesting the enzyme is a potential drug target. Here, we present the structure of ScMnn9 in complex with GDP and Mn2+, defining the fold and catalytic machinery of the GT-62 family. Compared with distantly related GT-78/GT-15 enzymes, ScMnn9 carries an unusual extension. Using a novel enzyme assay and site-directed mutagenesis, we identify conserved amino acids essential for ScMnn9 ‘priming’ α-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity. Strikingly, both the presence of the ScMnn9 protein and its product, but not ScMnn9 catalytic activity, are required to activate subsequent ScVan1 processive α-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity in the M-Pol I complex. These results reveal the molecular basis of mannan synthesis and will aid development of inhibitors targeting this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Striebeck
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Bonnet C, Rigaud C, Chanteclaire E, Blandais C, Tassy-Freches E, Arico C, Javaud C. PCR on yeast colonies: an improved method for glyco-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:201. [PMID: 23688076 PMCID: PMC3664073 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is extensively used in bio-industries. However, its genetic engineering to introduce new metabolism pathways can cause unexpected phenotypic alterations. For example, humanisation of the glycosylation pathways is a high priority pharmaceutical industry goal for production of therapeutic glycoproteins in yeast. Genomic modifications can lead to several described physiological changes: biomass yields decrease, temperature sensitivity or cell wall structure modifications. We have observed that deletion of several N-mannosyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, results in strains that can no longer be analyzed by classical PCR on yeast colonies. Findings In order to validate our glyco-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, we developed a new protocol to carry out PCR directly on genetically modified yeast colonies. A liquid culture phase, combined with the use of a Hot Start DNA polymerase, allows a 3-fold improvement of PCR efficiency. The results obtained are repeatable and independent of the targeted sequence; as such the protocol is well adapted for intensive screening applications. Conclusions The developed protocol enables by-passing of many of the difficulties associated with PCR caused by phenotypic modifications brought about by humanisation of the glycosylation in yeast and allows rapid validation of glyco-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. It has the potential to be extended to other yeast strains presenting cell wall structure modifications.
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Current state and recent advances in biopharmaceutical production in Escherichia coli, yeasts and mammalian cells. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:257-74. [PMID: 23385853 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Almost all of the 200 or so approved biopharmaceuticals have been produced in one of three host systems: the bacterium Escherichia coli, yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris) and mammalian cells. We describe the most widely used methods for the expression of recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm or periplasm of E. coli, as well as strategies for secreting the product to the growth medium. Recombinant expression in E. coli influences the cell physiology and triggers a stress response, which has to be considered in process development. Increased expression of a functional protein can be achieved by optimizing the gene, plasmid, host cell, and fermentation process. Relevant properties of two yeast expression systems, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, are summarized. Optimization of expression in S. cerevisiae has focused mainly on increasing the secretion, which is otherwise limiting. P. pastoris was recently approved as a host for biopharmaceutical production for the first time. It enables high-level protein production and secretion. Additionally, genetic engineering has resulted in its ability to produce recombinant proteins with humanized glycosylation patterns. Several mammalian cell lines of either rodent or human origin are also used in biopharmaceutical production. Optimization of their expression has focused on clonal selection, interference with epigenetic factors and genetic engineering. Systemic optimization approaches are applied to all cell expression systems. They feature parallel high-throughput techniques, such as DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing and proteomics, and enable simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters. Systemic approaches, together with technological advances such as disposable bioreactors and microbioreactors, are expected to lead to increased quality and quantity of biopharmaceuticals, as well as to reduced product development times.
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Kamiya Y, Yanagi K, Kitajima T, Yamaguchi T, Chiba Y, Kato K. Application of Metabolic 13C Labeling in Conjunction with High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Comparative Conformational Analysis of High Mannose-Type Oligosaccharides. Biomolecules 2013; 3:108-23. [PMID: 24970159 PMCID: PMC4030882 DOI: 10.3390/biom3010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High mannose-type oligosaccharides are enzymatically trimmed in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in various processing intermediates with exposed glycotopes that are recognized by a series of lectins involved in glycoprotein fate determination in cells. Although recent crystallographic data have provided the structural basis for the carbohydrate recognition of intracellular lectins, atomic information of dynamic oligosaccharide conformations is essential for a quantitative understanding of the energetics of carbohydrate–lectin interactions. Carbohydrate NMR spectroscopy is useful for characterizing such conformational dynamics, but often hampered by poor spectral resolution and lack of recombinant techniques required to produce homogeneous glycoforms. To overcome these difficulties, we have recently developed a methodology for the preparation of a homogeneous high mannose-type oligosaccharide with 13C labeling using a genetically engineered yeast strain. We herein successfully extended this method to result in the overexpression of 13C-labeled Man9GlcNAc2 (M9) with a newly engineered yeast strain with the deletion of four genes involved in N-glycan processing. This enabled high-field NMR analyses of 13C-labeled M9 in comparison with its processing product lacking the terminal mannose residue ManD2. Long-range NOE data indicated that the outer branches interact with the core in both glycoforms, and such foldback conformations are enhanced upon the removal of ManD2. The observed conformational variabilities might be significantly associated with lectins and glycan-trimming enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kamiya
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Yanagi
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Kitajima
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Research Center for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Koichi Kato
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
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40
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Arico C, Bonnet C, Javaud C. N-glycosylation humanization for production of therapeutic recombinant glycoproteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 988:45-57. [PMID: 23475713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-327-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of therapeutic recombinant glycoproteins deals with three main issues: cost, production capacities, and glycosylation. Nowadays, such proteins are expressed in various complex expression systems (CHO, bacteria, etc.); the processes related to those production hosts are time consuming and expensive, or the question of posttranslational modifications (as glycosylation) control is still unresolved. There is a need to find an alternative approach, while maintaining high quality level: the new system must be able to add complex N-glycan structures to proteins of interest. Developed in several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GlycodExpress™ is an innovative technology that allows production of therapeutic recombinant glycoproteins with humanized and homogeneous N-glycan moieties. We show how to delete mannosyltransferases involved in host N-glycosylation to obtain more than 90% of homogeneity in glycan structures. The methodology developed to select the optimal fusion between a heterologous glycosyl-enzyme and a localization sequences is also presented. Finally, the screening of the best producing strain is illustrated.
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Abstract
The composition and organization of the cell walls from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Neurospora crassa, and Cryptococcus neoformans are compared and contrasted. These cell walls contain chitin, chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, melanin, and glycoproteins as major constituents. A comparison of these cell walls shows that there is a great deal of variability in fungal cell wall composition and organization. However, in all cases, the cell wall components are cross-linked together to generate a cell wall matrix. The biosynthesis and properties of each of the major cell wall components are discussed. The chitin and glucans are synthesized and extruded into the cell wall space by plasma membrane-associated chitin synthases and glucan synthases. The glycoproteins are synthesized by ER-associated ribosomes and pass through the canonical secretory pathway. Over half of the major cell wall proteins are modified by the addition of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. The cell wall glycoproteins are also modified by the addition of O-linked oligosaccharides, and their N-linked oligosaccharides are extensively modified during their passage through the secretory pathway. These cell wall glycoprotein posttranslational modifications are essential for cross-linking the proteins into the cell wall matrix. Cross-linking the cell wall components together is essential for cell wall integrity. The activities of four groups of cross-linking enzymes are discussed. Cell wall proteins function as cross-linking enzymes, structural elements, adhesins, and environmental stress sensors and protect the cell from environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Free
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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42
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A combined system for engineering glycosylation efficiency and glycan structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23204425 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02817-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel synthetic N-glycosylation pathway to produce recombinant proteins carrying human-like N-glycans in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at the same time addressing glycoform and glycosylation efficiency. The Δalg3 Δalg11 double mutant strain, in which the N-glycans are not matured to their native high-mannose structure, was used. In this mutant strain, lipid-linked Man(3)GlcNAc(2) is built up on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum, flipped by an artificial flippase into the ER lumen, and then transferred with high efficiency to the nascent polypeptide by a protozoan oligosaccharyltransferase. Protein-bound Man(3)GlcNAc(2) serves directly as a substrate for Golgi apparatus-targeted human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I and II. Our results confirmed the presence of the complex human-like N-glycan structure GlcNAc(2)Man(3)GlcNAc(2) on the secreted monoclonal antibody HyHEL-10. However, due to the interference of Golgi apparatus-localized mannosyltransferases, heterogeneity of N-linked glycans was observed.
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Corchero JL, Gasser B, Resina D, Smith W, Parrilli E, Vázquez F, Abasolo I, Giuliani M, Jäntti J, Ferrer P, Saloheimo M, Mattanovich D, Schwartz S, Tutino ML, Villaverde A. Unconventional microbial systems for the cost-efficient production of high-quality protein therapeutics. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:140-53. [PMID: 22985698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both conventional and innovative biomedical approaches require cost-effective protein drugs with high therapeutic potency, improved bioavailability, biocompatibility, stability and pharmacokinetics. The growing longevity of the human population, the increasing incidence and prevalence of age-related diseases and the better comprehension of genetic-linked disorders prompt to develop natural and engineered drugs addressed to fulfill emerging therapeutic demands. Conventional microbial systems have been for long time exploited to produce biotherapeutics, competing with animal cells due to easier operation and lower process costs. However, both biological platforms exhibit important drawbacks (mainly associated to intracellular retention of the product, lack of post-translational modifications and conformational stresses), that cannot be overcome through further strain optimization merely due to physiological constraints. The metabolic diversity among microorganisms offers a spectrum of unconventional hosts, that, being able to bypass some of these weaknesses, are under progressive incorporation into production pipelines. In this review we describe the main biological traits and potentials of emerging bacterial, yeast, fungal and microalgae systems, by comparing selected leading species with well established conventional organisms with a long run in protein drug production.
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Maddi A, Fu C, Free SJ. The Neurospora crassa dfg5 and dcw1 genes encode α-1,6-mannanases that function in the incorporation of glycoproteins into the cell wall. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38872. [PMID: 22701726 PMCID: PMC3372484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The covalent cross-linking of cell wall proteins into the cell wall glucan/chitin matrix is an important step in the biogenesis of the fungal cell wall. We demonstrate that the Neurospora crassa DFG5 (NCU03770) and DCW1 (NCU08127) enzymes function in vivo to cross-link glycoproteins into the cell wall. Mutants lacking DFG5 or DCW1 release slightly elevated levels of cell wall proteins into their growth medium. Mutants lacking both DFG5 and DCW1 have substantially reduced levels of cell wall proteins in their cell walls and release large amounts of known cell wall proteins into the medium. DFG5 and DCW1 are members of the GH76 family of glycosyl hydrolases, which have specificity to recognize and cleave α-1,6-mannans. A model for incorporation of glycoproteins into the cell wall through the α-1,6-mannan core of the N-linked galactomannan is presented. In this model, DFG5 and DCW1 recognize the N-linked galactomannan present on glycoproteins and cross-link it into the cell wall glucan/chitin matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Maddi
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Ci Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Free
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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De Pourcq K, Vervecken W, Dewerte I, Valevska A, Van Hecke A, Callewaert N. Engineering the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for the production of therapeutic proteins homogeneously glycosylated with Man₈GlcNAc₂ and Man₅GlcNAc₂. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:53. [PMID: 22548968 PMCID: PMC3512530 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein-based therapeutics represent the fastest growing class of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry. This has created an increasing demand for powerful expression systems. Yeast systems are widely used, convenient and cost-effective. Yarrowia lipolytica is a suitable host that is generally regarded as safe (GRAS). Yeasts, however, modify their glycoproteins with heterogeneous glycans containing mainly mannoses, which complicates downstream processing and often interferes with protein function in man. Our aim was to glyco-engineer Y. lipolytica to abolish the heterogeneous, yeast-specific glycosylation and to obtain homogeneous human high-mannose type glycosylation. Results We engineered Y. lipolytica to produce homogeneous human-type terminal-mannose glycosylated proteins, i.e. glycosylated with Man8GlcNAc2 or Man5GlcNAc2. First, we inactivated the yeast-specific Golgi α-1,6-mannosyltransferases YlOch1p and YlMnn9p; the former inactivation yielded a strain producing homogeneous Man8GlcNAc2 glycoproteins. We tested this strain by expressing glucocerebrosidase and found that the hypermannosylation-related heterogeneity was eliminated. Furthermore, detailed analysis of N-glycans showed that YlOch1p and YlMnn9p, despite some initial uncertainty about their function, are most likely the α-1,6-mannosyltransferases responsible for the addition of the first and second mannose residue, respectively, to the glycan backbone. Second, introduction of an ER-retained α-1,2-mannosidase yielded a strain producing proteins homogeneously glycosylated with Man5GlcNAc2. The use of the endogenous LIP2pre signal sequence and codon optimization greatly improved the efficiency of this enzyme. Conclusions We generated a Y. lipolytica expression platform for the production of heterologous glycoproteins that are homogenously glycosylated with either Man8GlcNAc2 or Man5GlcNAc2 N-glycans. This platform expands the utility of Y. lipolytica as a heterologous expression host and makes it possible to produce glycoproteins with homogeneously glycosylated N-glycans of the human high-mannose-type, which greatly broadens the application scope of these glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Pourcq
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Carbohydrate synthesis and biosynthesis technologies for cracking of the glycan code: recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:17-37. [PMID: 22484115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The glycan code of glycoproteins can be conceptually defined at molecular level by the sequence of well characterized glycans attached to evolutionarily predetermined amino acids along the polypeptide chain. Functional consequences of protein glycosylation are numerous, and include a hierarchy of properties from general physicochemical characteristics such as solubility, stability and protection of the polypeptide from the environment up to specific glycan interactions. Definition of the glycan code for glycoproteins has been so far hampered by the lack of chemically defined glycoprotein glycoforms that proved to be extremely difficult to purify from natural sources, and the total chemical synthesis of which has been hitherto possible only for very small molecular species. This review summarizes the recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of complex glycans and their protein conjugates. Progress in our understanding of the ways in which a particular glycoprotein glycoform gives rise to a unique set of functional properties is now having far reaching implications for the biotechnology of important glycodrugs such as therapeutical monoclonal antibodies, glycoprotein hormones, carbohydrate conjugates used for vaccination and other practically important protein-carbohydrate conjugates.
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47
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Hirayama S, Furukawa S, Ogihara H, Morinaga Y. Yeast mannan structure necessary for co-aggregation with Lactobacillus plantarum ML11-11. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:652-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Deglycosylation of cellulosomal enzyme enhances cellulosome assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biotechnol 2012; 157:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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50
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Chantret I, Kodali VP, Lahmouich C, Harvey DJ, Moore SEH. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and free oligosaccharide generation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41786-41800. [PMID: 21979948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.251371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteins with misfolded lumenal, membrane, and cytoplasmic domains are cleared from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-L, -M, and -C, respectively. ERAD-L is N-glycan-dependent and is characterized by ER mannosidase (Mns1p) and ER mannosidase-like protein (Mnl1p), which generate Man(7)GlcNAc(2) (d1) N-glycans with non-reducing α1,6-mannosyl residues. Glycoproteins bearing this motif bind Yos9p and are dislocated into the cytoplasm and then deglycosylated by peptide N-glycanase (Png1p) to yield free oligosaccharides (fOS). Here, we examined yeast fOS metabolism as a function of cell growth in order to obtain quantitative and mechanistic insights into ERAD. We demonstrate that both Png1p-dependent generation of Man(7-10)GlcNAc(2) fOS and vacuolar α-mannosidase (Ams1p)-dependent fOS demannosylation to yield Man(1)GlcNAc(2) are strikingly up-regulated during post-diauxic growth which occurs when the culture medium is depleted of glucose. Gene deletions in the ams1Δ background revealed that, as anticipated, Mns1p and Mnl1p are required for efficient generation of the Man(7)GlcNAc(2) (d1) fOS, but for the first time, we demonstrate that small amounts of this fOS are generated in an Mnl1p-independent, Mns1p-dependent pathway and that a Man(8)GlcNAc(2) fOS that is known to bind Yos9p is generated in an Mnl1p-dependent, Mns1p-independent manner. This latter observation adds mechanistic insight into a recently described Mnl1p-dependent, Mns1p-independent ERAD pathway. Finally, we show that 50% of fOS generation is independent of ERAD-L, and because our data indicate that ERAD-M and ERAD-C contribute little to fOS levels, other important processes underlie fOS generation in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Chantret
- INSERM U773 CRB3, Paris 75018, France; Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Vidya P Kodali
- INSERM U773 CRB3, Paris 75018, France; Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Chaïmaâ Lahmouich
- INSERM U773 CRB3, Paris 75018, France; Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart E H Moore
- INSERM U773 CRB3, Paris 75018, France; Université Denis Diderot, Paris 7, Paris, France.
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