1
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de Jesus R, Hiesinger K, van Gemmeren M. Preparative Scale Applications of C-H Activation in Medicinal Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306659. [PMID: 37283078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation is an attractive methodology to increase molecular complexity without requiring substrate prefunctionalization. In contrast to well-established cross-coupling methods, C-H activation is less explored on large scales and its use in the production of pharmaceuticals faces substantial hurdles. However, the inherent advantages, such as shorter synthetic routes and simpler starting materials, motivate medicinal chemists and process chemists to overcome these challenges, and exploit C-H activation steps for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. In this review, we will cover examples of drugs/drug candidates where C-H activation has been implemented on a preparative synthetic scale (range between 355 mg and 130 kg). The optimization processes will be described, and each example will be examined in terms of its advantages and disadvantages, providing the reader with an in-depth understanding of the challenges and potential of C-H activation methodologies in the production of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Jesus
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hiesinger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Tsotinis A, Afroudakis PA, Papanastasiou IP, Sakellaropoulou A, Boniakou M, Komiotis D, Garratt PJ, Delagrange P, Bocianowska-Zbrog A, Sugden D. Mapping the Melatonin Receptor. 8. Selective MT2 Agonists derived from 5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and related systems. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200129. [PMID: 35478275 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted indolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolines and indolo[1,2- a ]benzoxazines have been prepared, as melatonin analogues, to investigate the nature of the binding site of the melatonin receptor. Agonist and antagonist potency of all the analogues was measured using the [35S]GTPγS binding assay protocol. The binding affinity of the analogues were measured by competition binding studies against the human MT1 (hMT1) and MT2 (hMT2) receptors stably transfected in Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, using 2-[ 125 I]-iodomelatonin, as a ligand. N -Acetyl 2-(10-methoxy-5,6-dihydroindolo[2,1- a ]isoquinolin-12-yl)propyl-1-amine (12a) binds strongly to both the hMT1 and hMT2 receptors, and shows a preference for the hMT2, as does Its propanamido counterpart 12b . The introduction of two methyl groups into their side chain, analogues 15a and 1 5b, leads to antagonism, in the case of the former, and drastically diminishes its hMT1 binding; an analogous profile is seen for 15b , which, however, is a partial agonist.. Introduction of chlorine or methoxyl groups into ring 4 gives compounds, that are weakly binding, with a preference for MT2. Substitution of oxygen for carbon at position 5 gives the indolo[1,2- c ]benzoxazines 33 , 36a and b , that bind strongly to the human receptors, 33 , 36b are potent agonists at the melatonin receptors, but do not discriminate between hMT1 and hMT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tsotinis
- University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Panepistimioupoli-Zografou, 15771, Athens, GREECE
| | - Pandelis A Afroudakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Ioannis P Papanastasiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Marina Boniakou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: Ethniko kai Kapodistriako Panepistemio Athenon, Pharmacy, GREECE
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- University of Thessaly: Panepistemio Thessalias, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, GREECE
| | | | | | | | - David Sugden
- King's College London, Pharmacology, UNITED KINGDOM
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3
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Sharma R, Yadav RK, Jain M, Joshi J, Chaudhary S. Oxidant-Switched Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Mono- versus Bis- ortho-Aroylation of 1-Aryl-1 H-indazoles with Aldehydes via C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2668-2685. [PMID: 35119847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient oxidant-switched palladium-catalyzed regioselective C(sp2)-H/C(sp2)-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) for direct mono/bis-ortho-aroylation of substituted 1-phenyl-1H-indazoles 1a-j with various substituted aldehydes 3a-t via C(sp2)-H bond activation has been developed. In this study, Pd-catalyzed chelation-assisted mono- or bis-aroylation of substituted 1-phenyl-1H-indazoles depends on the type of oxidant being used for the CDC reaction. While mono-ortho-aroylation of substituted 1-phenyl-1H-indazole was obtained using dicumylperoxide (DCP) as the oxidant, the bis-ortho-aroylation product has been afforded by the use of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Regardless of the greater activity at the C-3 position of 1H-indazoles, the greater coordinating capacity of the N atom directed the aroylating group to the ortho position, leaving behind the nondirected metalation pathway. The Pd-catalyzed operationally simplified methodology proceeded in the presence of oxidants with either DCP or TBHP in dichloroethane as the solvent at 110 °C for 16 h, which generated a miscellaneous variety of monosubstituted o-benzoyl/acyl-1-aryl-1H-indazoles 4a-t/5a-i and bis-substituted o-benzoyl-1-aryl-1H-indazoles 6a-j in ≤88% yields. The probable mechanistic pathway involves a free radical chelation-assisted approach that could be accomplished by the addition of an in situ-generated oxidant-promoted benzoyl/acyl radical to the ortho position of 1-phenyl-1H-indazoles. A wide range of substrates, a high functional group tolerance, gram-scale synthesis, control/competitive experiments, and a variety of synthetic applications further exemplify the versatility of the developed methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Ravi Kant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India.,Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
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4
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Tang Z, Hong G, Hu C, Wang Q, Zhong Y, Gong Y, Yang P, Wang L. La(OTf) 3 facilitated self-condensation of 2-indolylmethanol: construction of highly substituted indeno[1,2- b]indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10337-10342. [PMID: 34553205 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01517f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis acid-promoted self-condensation of 2-indolylmethanols has been revealed. On treatment with La(OTf)3, highly substituted indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives have been synthesized by using easily accessible 2-indolylmethanols with up to 94% yields. The utility of this method is further highlighted by evaluating the initial photophysical properties of some prepared products, indicating that the protocol may have potential applications in the construction of novel fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Hong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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5
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Li C, Qi ZC, Li JY, Yang SD. Heck Reaction Boosted Heterocycle Ring-Closing and Ring-Opening Rearrangement: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Indolyl-Type Ligands. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16977-16991. [PMID: 34792365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for P-involved heterocycle ring-closing-ring-opening rearrangement (HRR) via the Heck reaction is disclosed. The approach enables direct installation of a phosphorus-containing aryl group onto the C2 position of indole. This new rearrangement directly transforms easily prepared indole derivatives into indolyl-derived phosphonates and phosphinic acids with high yields, and many of the products are difficult to obtain by using established methods. This new HRR reaction provides an extremely simple and step-economic method to induce C-C bond formation and P-N bond cleavage for the synthesis of a variety of indolyl-type ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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6
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Sharma R, Yadav L, Yadav RK, Chaudhary S. Oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) via C (sp2)-H bond functionalization: tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB)-promoted regioselective direct C-3 acylation/benzoylation of 2 H-indazoles with aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14178-14192. [PMID: 35423939 PMCID: PMC8698059 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient, cost-effective, transition-metal-free, oxidative C(sp2)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling via a C(sp2)–H bond functionalization protocol for the regioselective direct C-3 acylation/benzoylation of substituted 2H-Indazoles 1a–m with substituted aldehydes 2a–q/benzyl alcohols 5a–e/styrenes 6a–e is reported. The operationally simple protocol proceeds in the presence of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) as an oxidant in chlorobenzene (PhCl) as a solvent at 110 °C for 24 h under an inert atmosphere, which furnished a diverse variety of substituted 3-(acyl/benzoyl)-2H-indazoles 3a–q/4a–l in up to 87% yields. The reaction involves a free-radical mechanism and proceeds via the addition of an in situ generated acyl radical (from aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes) on 2H-indazoles. The functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, control/competitive experiments and gram-scale synthesis and its application to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory agent 11 and novel indazole-fused diazepine 13 further signify the versatile nature of the developed methodology. An efficient transition-metal-free oxidative C(sp2)–H/C(sp2)–H cross-dehydrogenative coupling via C(sp2)–H bond functionalization for regioselective C-3 acylation/benzoylation of 2H-indazoles with aldehydes/benzyl alcohols/styrenes is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Lalit Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Ravi Kant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC Lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur-302017 India +911412529029 +911412713319
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7
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Hang C, Ramirez A, Chan C, Hsiao Y, DelMonte AJ, Simmons EM. Mechanistic Studies of a Pd-Catalyzed Direct Arylation En Route to Beclabuvir: Dual Role of a Tetramethylammonium Cation and an Unusual Turnover-Limiting Step. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hang
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Antonio Ramirez
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Collin Chan
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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8
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Čarný T, Markovič M, Gracza T, Koóš P. One-Step Synthesis of Isoindolo[2,1- a]indol-6-ones via Tandem Pd-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation and C-H Activation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12499-12507. [PMID: 31507186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A unified catalytic system for tandem Pd-catalyzed carbonylation and C-C cross-coupling via C-H activation was designed. The proposed cascade reaction allows a facile one-step construction of a tetracyclic isoindoloindole skeleton, in which three new C-C/C-N bonds are simultaneously formed. In detail, the carbonylation of aryl dibromides with indoles and C-H activation of in situ formed N-(2'-bromoaroyl)-indole provide biologically relevant 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones from commercially available substrates. The aminocarbonylation step in the proposed tandem reaction utilizes glyoxylic acid monohydrate as an environmentally friendly CO surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Čarný
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , SK-812 37 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Martin Markovič
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , SK-812 37 Bratislava , Slovakia.,Georganics Ltd. , Koreničova 1 , SK-811 03 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Tibor Gracza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , SK-812 37 Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Peter Koóš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry , Slovak University of Technology , Radlinského 9 , SK-812 37 Bratislava , Slovakia.,Georganics Ltd. , Koreničova 1 , SK-811 03 Bratislava , Slovakia
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9
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Shan XH, Yang B, Zheng HX, Qu JP, Kang YB. Phenanthroline-tBuOK Promoted Intramolecular C–H Arylation of Indoles with ArI under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions. Org Lett 2018; 20:7898-7901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Huan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan-Biao Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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10
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Bien J, Davulcu A, DelMonte AJ, Fraunhoffer KJ, Gao Z, Hang C, Hsiao Y, Hu W, Katipally K, Littke A, Pedro A, Qiu Y, Sandoval M, Schild R, Soltani M, Tedesco A, Vanyo D, Vemishetti P, Waltermire RE. The First Kilogram Synthesis of Beclabuvir, an HCV NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Bien
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Akin Davulcu
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Albert J. DelMonte
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Fraunhoffer
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Zhinong Gao
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chao Hang
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yi Hsiao
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Kishta Katipally
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Adam Littke
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Aghogho Pedro
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Maria Sandoval
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Richard Schild
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michelle Soltani
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Anthony Tedesco
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Dale Vanyo
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Purushotham Vemishetti
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Robert E. Waltermire
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, P.O. Box 191, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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11
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Corrie TJA, Ball LT, Russell CA, Lloyd-Jones GC. Au-Catalyzed Biaryl Coupling To Generate 5- to 9-Membered Rings: Turnover-Limiting Reductive Elimination versus π-Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:245-254. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom J. A. Corrie
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Liam T. Ball
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
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12
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Laha JK, Bhimpuria RA, Hunjan MK. Intramolecular Oxidative Arylations in 7-Azaindoles and Pyrroles: Revamping the Synthesis of Fused N
-Heterocycle Tethered Fluorenes. Chemistry 2016; 23:2044-2050. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER); S.A. S. Nagar Mohali- 160062 India
| | - Rohan A. Bhimpuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER); S.A. S. Nagar Mohali- 160062 India
| | - Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry); National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research (NIPER); S.A. S. Nagar Mohali- 160062 India
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13
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Petrone DA, Kondo M, Zeidan N, Lautens M. Pd(0)-Catalyzed Dearomative Diarylation of Indoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:5684-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Masaru Kondo
- Department of Frontier Materials; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Nicolas Zeidan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada
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14
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Petrone DA, Yen A, Zeidan N, Lautens M. Dearomative Indole Bisfunctionalization via a Diastereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Arylcyanation. Org Lett 2015; 17:4838-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Petrone
- Davenport Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Andy Yen
- Davenport Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Nicolas Zeidan
- Davenport Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories,
Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3H6
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15
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Nallapati SB, Adepu R, Ashfaq MA, Sreenivas BY, Mukkanti K, Pal M. A Pd-catalyzed direct entry to 11-substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
11-Substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones are preparedviaa sequential intramolecular Heck reaction of dihaloN-allyl substitutedN-arylbenzamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Babu Nallapati
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
- Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Raju Adepu
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - B. Yogi Sreenivas
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - K. Mukkanti
- Institute of Science and Technology
- JNT University Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500085
- India
| | - Manojit Pal
- Dr Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
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16
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Luong TTH, Brion JD, Alami M, Messaoudi S. Synthesis of Fused 1-Aminoindole Polycycles by a Sequence of Palladium-Catalyzed N–H and C(sp2)–H Arylations. J Org Chem 2014; 80:751-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502137y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Huyen Luong
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR
8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B.
Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Brion
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR
8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B.
Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR
8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B.
Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, BioCIS-UMR
8076, Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique,
Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, LabEx LERMIT, Faculté
de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B.
Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Kaur N. Palladium Catalysts: Synthesis of Five-MemberedN-Heterocycles Fused with Other Heterocycles. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2014.976118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Laha JK, Dayal N, Singh S, Bhimpuria R. Dual Catalysis in DominoN-Benzylation/Intramolecular C-H Arylation: Regio- and Chemoselective Synthesis of Annelated Nitrogen Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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A practical and efficient synthesis of 6-carboalkoxy-13-cycloalkyl-5H-indolo[2,1-a][2]benzazepine-10-carboxylic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Wang S, Yang Q, Dong J, Li C, Sun L, Song C, Chang J. Palladium-Catalysed Synthesis of 9H-Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-ones and the Isomeric Indeno[2,1-b]pyrrol-8-ones. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Zhang DH, Tang XY, Wei Y, Shi M. Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Nitrogen-Tethered Indoles and Alkylidenecyclopropanes: Convenient Access to Polycyclic Indole Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:13668-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Wu F, Chen Y, Cheng B, Li Y, Zhai H. Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Core Structure of (±)-Nakadomarin A through Azomethine Ylide-Alkene [3+2] Cycloaddtion. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Calogero F, Borrelli S, Speciale G, Christodoulou MS, Cartelli D, Ballinari D, Sola F, Albanese C, Ciavolella A, Passarella D, Cappelletti G, Pieraccini S, Sironi M. 9-Fluorenone-2-Carboxylic Acid as a Scaffold for Tubulin Interacting Compounds. Chempluschem 2013; 78:663-669. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Zhang DH, Shi M. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Indoles through Rearrangement/[4+2] Cycloaddition under Sequential Catalysis. ChemistryOpen 2012; 1:215-20. [PMID: 24551511 PMCID: PMC3922592 DOI: 10.1002/open.201200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Di-Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China) E-mail:
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 (China) E-mail:
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25
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Iaroshenko VO, Ostrovskyi D, Miliutina M, Maalik A, Villinger A, Tolmachev A, Volochnyuk DM, Langer P. Design and Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazole‐Containing N‐ Heterocycles based on CH Activation/Cyclization Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor O. Iaroshenko
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
- National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska st., 01033 Kyiv‐33, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Ostrovskyi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
| | - Mariia Miliutina
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
| | - Andrei Tolmachev
- National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska st., 01033 Kyiv‐33, Ukraine
- “Enamine Ltd.” 23 A. Matrosova st., 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- “Enamine Ltd.” 23 A. Matrosova st., 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02094 Kiev‐94, Ukraine
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐381‐498 6412
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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26
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Patil DV, Cavitt MA, France S. Diastereoselective Intramolecular Friedel–Crafts Cyclizations of Substituted Methyl 2-(1H-indole-1-carbonyl)acrylates: Efficient Access to Functionalized 1H-Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles. Org Lett 2011; 13:5820-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202431x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dadasaheb V. Patil
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marchello A. Cavitt
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stefan France
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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27
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Laha JK, Cuny GD. Synthesis of Fused Imidazoles, Pyrroles, and Indoles with a Defined Stereocenter α to Nitrogen Utilizing Mitsunobu Alkylation Followed by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8477-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201237h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K. Laha
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregory D. Cuny
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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28
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Ding M, He F, Poss MA, Rigat KL, Wang YK, Roberts SB, Qiu D, Fridell RA, Gao M, Gentles RG. The synthesis of novel heteroaryl-fused 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-azepino[1,2-a]indoles, 4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,4]diazepino[1,7-a]indoles and 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-[1,4]oxazepino[4,5-a]indoles. Effective inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6654-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Zhu J, Xie H, Chen Z, Li S, Wu Y. Synthesis of 6-trifluoromethylindolo[1,2-c]quinazolines and related heterocycles using N-(2-iodophenyl)trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides as starting material via C–H bond functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1512-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Li G, Roschangar F, Farina V, Senanayake CH, Lu BZ. A Novel One-Pot, Two-Step Synthesis of Polycyclic Indoles via Tandem Intramolecular Hydroamidation/Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Liégault B, Petrov I, Gorelsky SI, Fagnou K. Modulating reactivity and diverting selectivity in palladium-catalyzed heteroaromatic direct arylation through the use of a chloride activating/blocking group. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1047-60. [PMID: 20073523 DOI: 10.1021/jo902515z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Through the introduction of an aryl chloride substituent, the selectivity of palladium-catalyzed direct arylation may be diverted to provide alternative regioisomeric products in high yields. In cases where low reactivity is typically observed, the presence of the carbon-chlorine bond can serve to enhance reactivity and provide superior outcomes. From a strategic perspective, the C-Cl bond is easily introduced and can be employed in a variety of subsequent transformations to provide a wealth of highly functionalized heterocycles with minimal substrate preactivation. The impact of the C-Cl functional group on direct arylation reactivity has also been evaluated mechanistically, and the observed reactivity profiles correlate very well with that predicted by a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Liégault
- Centre for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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32
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Ackermann L, Vicente R, Kapdi AR. Transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation of (hetero)arenes by C-H bond cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:9792-826. [PMID: 19998294 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2445] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The area of transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation through cleavage of C-H bonds has undergone rapid development in recent years, and is becoming an increasingly viable alternative to traditional cross-coupling reactions with organometallic reagents. In particular, palladium and ruthenium catalysts have been described that enable the direct arylation of (hetero)arenes with challenging coupling partners--including electrophilic aryl chlorides and tosylates as well as simple arenes in cross-dehydrogenative arylations. Furthermore, less expensive copper, iron, and nickel complexes were recently shown to be effective for economically attractive direct arylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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33
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Jafarpour F, Hazrati H. Direct Synthesis of Dihydrobenzo[a]carbazolesviaPalladium-Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Roger J, Gottumukkala A, Doucet H. Palladium-Catalyzed C3 or C4 Direct Arylation of Heteroaromatic Compounds with Aryl Halides by CH Bond Activation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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Chernyak N, Tilly D, Li Z, Gevorgyan V. Pd-catalyzed cascade carbopalladation-annulation reaction of 3-(2-iodobenzyl)-indoles into fused 6/5/7/6- and 6/5/5/6- heterocyclic systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:150-2. [PMID: 20024323 PMCID: PMC3690920 DOI: 10.1039/b919991h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic indole structures, possessing fused seven-membered rings were efficiently synthesized via the Pd-catalyzed intramolecular carbopalladation-annulation of 3-(2-iodobenzyl)-indoles and alkynes. A remarkable base effect on the chemoselectivity of this transformation has been found: switching from Et(3)N to CsOAc completely reverses the reaction path to intramolecular cyclization forming fused five-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chernyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David Tilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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36
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37
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Recent advances in the synthesis of (hetero)aryl-substituted heteroarenes via transition metal-catalysed direct (hetero)arylation of heteroarene C–H bonds with aryl halides or pseudohalides, diaryliodonium salts, and potassium aryltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Carrion MD, Cara CL, Cruz-Lopez O, Tolomeo M, Grimaudo S, Di Cristina A, Pipitone MR, Balzarini J, Zonta N, Brancale A, Hamel E. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-benzo[b]furan derivatives as a novel class of inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6862-71. [PMID: 19736015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The biological importance of microtubules in mitosis and cell division makes them an interesting target for the development of anticancer agents. Small molecules such as benzo[b]furans are attractive as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Thus, a new class of inhibitors of tubulin polymerization based on the 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-benzo[b]furan molecular skeleton, with electron-donating (Me, OMe or OH) or electron-withdrawing (F, Cl and Br) substituents on the benzene ring, was synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity, inhibition of tubulin polymerization and cell cycle effects. Adding a methyl group at the C-3 position resulted in increased activity. The most promising compound in this series was 2-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3-methyl-6-ethoxy-benzo[b]furan, which inhibits cancer cell growth at nanomolar concentrations and interacts strongly with tubulin by binding to the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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39
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Liégault B, Lapointe D, Caron L, Vlassova A, Fagnou K. Establishment of Broadly Applicable Reaction Conditions for the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroatom-Containing Aromatic Compounds. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1826-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8026565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 517] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Liégault
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David Lapointe
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Laurence Caron
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Vlassova
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Keith Fagnou
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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40
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Fagnou K. Mechanistic Considerations in the Development and Use of Azine, Diazine and Azole N-Oxides in Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation. C-H ACTIVATION 2009; 292:35-56. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2009_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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41
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Beck EM, Gaunt MJ. Pd-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization on the indole and pyrrole nucleus. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2009; 292:85-121. [PMID: 21500404 DOI: 10.1007/128_2009_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
This review details recent developments in the Pd-catalyzed C-H bond arylation and alkenylation of indoles and pyrroles, aromatic heterocycles that are frequently displayed in natural products and medicinal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 IEW, UK
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42
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Fall Y, Doucet H, Santelli M. Palladium-catalysed direct 3- or 4-arylation of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole derivatives: an economically and environmentally attractive procedure. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:153-7. [PMID: 19173363 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Straight to the point: The direct 3- or 4-arylation of pyrrole derivatives through C--H bond activation proceeds in moderate to good yields using Pd(OAc)(2) as catalyst. In contrast to classical coupling procedures, the preparation of an organometallic derivative is not required and the major by-products are AcOH/KBr instead of metallic salts.
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43
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Gowrisankar S, Kim JN. Palladium-mediated synthesis of poly-fused heterocycles from Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Marsden SP, Watson EL, Raw SA. Facile and General Synthesis of Quaternary 3-Aminooxindoles. Org Lett 2008; 10:2905-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Marsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Emma L. Watson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Steven A. Raw
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K., and AstraZeneca Process R&D, Charter Way, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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45
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Lee HS, Kim SH, Kim TH, Kim JN. Pd-Mediated synthesis of 7H-benzo[3,4]azepino[1,2-a]indole-6-carboxylic acid derivatives from indole-containing Baylis–Hillman adducts. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Crawford LA, Clemence NC, McNab H, Tyas RG. Isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one—a new pyrolytic synthesis and some unexpected chemical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:2334-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b802273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Seregin IV, Gevorgyan V. Direct transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of heteroaromatic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1173-93. [PMID: 17576484 PMCID: PMC3674790 DOI: 10.1039/b606984n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1470] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the development of catalytic reactions capable of activating unreactive C-H bonds. These methods allow for the synthesis of complex molecules from easily available and cheaper precursors in a fewer number of steps. Naturally, the development of C-H activation methods for direct functionalization of heterocyclic molecules, invaluable building blocks for pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry and material science, has received substantial attention as well. This critical review summarizes the progress made in this field until November 2006 (117 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Seregin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, USA
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Alberico D, Scott ME, Lautens M. Aryl−Aryl Bond Formation by Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Direct Arylation. Chem Rev 2007; 107:174-238. [PMID: 17212475 DOI: 10.1021/cr0509760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3171] [Impact Index Per Article: 186.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Alberico
- Davenport Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Ikegashira K, Oka T, Hirashima S, Noji S, Yamanaka H, Hara Y, Adachi T, Tsuruha JI, Doi S, Hase Y, Noguchi T, Ando I, Ogura N, Ikeda S, Hashimoto H. Discovery of Conformationally Constrained Tetracyclic Compounds as Potent Hepatitis C Virus NS5B RNA Polymerase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6950-3. [PMID: 17125247 DOI: 10.1021/jm0610245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new series of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitors containing a conformationally constrained tetracyclic scaffold. SAR studies led to the identification of 6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6][1,4]diazepino[7,1-a]indoles (19 and 20) bearing a basic pendent group with high biochemical and cellular potencies. These compounds displayed a very small shift in cellular potency when the replicon assay was performed in the presence of human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ikegashira
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
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