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Zhang M, Zhang J, Yang H, Chen S, Chen X, Huang Y, Chen B, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Guo Y, Wei Y, Lin X, Lan G, Liang J, Jiang H, Guo X. Production of cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs by handmade cloning. Theriogenology 2024; 224:68-73. [PMID: 38754201 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated during digestion. To address this problem, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were generated using handmade cloning in this study. Transgene construction was improved and three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. In total, 810 blastocysts were generated and 712 good-quality were transferred into six recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which six survived after weaning. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that seven (three live and four dead) of the fourteen piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the six live cloned pigs was tested at four months of age, and only one pig had 0.155 FTU/mL enzyme activity. The other five pigs may not have been activated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, representing a 25.4% decrease in fecal emission compared to the average of controls. Immunohistochemical results on the three Cafp-positive pigs that died after six months of age showed that the transgene was only expressed in parotid glands, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In conclusion, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to managing phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Haowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600, MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Shijin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuemeng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Baojian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Haetinger VS, Sung JY, Adedokun SA, Dozier WA, Parsons CM, Rodehutscord M, Adeola O. Ileal phosphorus digestibility of soybean meal for broiler chickens remains consistent across institutions in a collaborative study regardless of non-phytate phosphorus concentration in the pre-experimental starter diet. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103602. [PMID: 38484566 PMCID: PMC10950890 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The same experimental protocol was used in 4 institutions to evaluate the impact of non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) concentration in the starter diet on regression method-derived ileal P digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) during the subsequent grower phase. A total of 1,536 Ross 308 male broiler chickens on d 0 post hatching were allotted to 2 pre-experimental starter diets that contained 3.5 or 4.5 g nPP/kg (96 replicate cages per diet, 8 birds per cage) for 18 d. Subsequently, 576 birds from each starter diet were selected and allocated to 3 experimental semi-purified grower diets containing 400, 510, or 620 g SBM/kg (32 replicate cages per diet, 6 birds per cage) for 3 d until collection of ileal digesta. Statistical analysis was conducted as a randomized complete block design with the starter period as whole plot and the grower period as split-plot. The only significant 2-way interaction was between grower diet and experimental institution (P < 0.05) on BW gain and gain to feed ratio. The main effect of institution and grower diet impacted (P < 0.05) feed intake, the digestibility of DM, P, and calcium, and disappearance of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) in the grower diets. Birds fed the 3.5 g nPP/kg starter diet had lower (P < 0.05) BW gain and feed intake during the grower period, but presented higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of P and disappearance of InsP6 compared with the birds that were fed the 4.5 g nPP/kg starter diet. Regression method-derived ileal P digestibility of SBM was determined to be 46 or 42% for the respective 3.5 or 4.5 g nPP/kg pre-experimental starter diet and was not affected by the nPP concentration or by the institution. In conclusion, the experimental protocol used in the current study resulted in similar estimates across multiple institutions and is thus endorsed for future application in studies that aim to expand the database of digestible P content in plant source feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Haetinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J Y Sung
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S A Adedokun
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - W A Dozier
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C M Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - O Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Moura TF, Reis MP, Horna FA, Nóbrega IPT, Bello A, Donato DCZ, White E, Desjant-Li Y, Sakomura NK. A novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant improves the responses of laying hens fed an inorganic phosphorus-free diet with reduced energy and nutrients from 23 to 72 wk of age. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102949. [PMID: 37540948 PMCID: PMC10407903 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) on egg productivity, eggshell quality, and body composition of laying hens fed inorganic phosphate-free diets with reduced energy and nutrients from 23 to 72 wk of age. Five treatments were randomly assigned, performing 28 replicates per treatment with 4 hens each, totaling 560 Hy-Line W80 birds. A positive control (PC) feed was formulated to contain adequate levels of energy and nutrients. A negative control (NC) feed was formulated without added inorganic phosphate (0.12% nonphytic phosphorus [nPP]) and reduced in Ca, Na, dig AA, and metabolizable energy in comparison with PC feed. Phytase was supplemented in the NC feed at 0, 300, 600, and 900 FTU/kg of feed. The responses evaluated were performance, egg quality, economic analysis, body composition, and tibia composition. Data were analyzed by a 2-factor (diet and age) repeated measure analysis. Overall, the feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg mass, and egg revenue were reduced by the complete removal of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) (P < 0.05). Supplement phytase in the NC diet elicits a positive response on each one of those variables. Laying hens consuming the NC feed with 900 FTU/kg of phytase produced more eggs per hen-housed compared with the phytase dosages of 300 and 600 FTU/kg. Body composition was not affected by dietary nPP, Ca, Na, dig AA, and energy reductions (P > 0.05). At 72-wk-old, tibia ash was reduced in hens consuming the NC diet vs. PC (P < 0.05) and no difference was observed between hens supplemented with phytase and the PC feed. Margin over feeding cost increased in a dose-dependent manner with phytase supplementation. Supplementation with 900 FTU/kg of phytase is recommended to improve the number of eggs produced per hen-housed and the number of marketable eggs produced through 23 to 72 wk of age, under this dietary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila F Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita, Filho", FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita, Filho", FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Freddy A Horna
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita, Filho", FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingryd Palloma T Nóbrega
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita, Filho", FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Wilmington DE, 19803, USA
| | | | - Emma White
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Marlborough, SN8 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Yueming Desjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Oegstgeest, 2342 BH, The Netherlands
| | - Nilva K Sakomura
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita, Filho", FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gaffield KN, Williams HR, Becker LL, DeRouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Tokach MD, Goodband RD, Gebhardt JT, Faser JM. Determining the phosphorus release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 phytase from 500 to 2,500 FTU/kg in nursery pig diets. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad090. [PMID: 37649646 PMCID: PMC10464716 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 320 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 11.9 ± 0.22 kg) were used in a 21-d growth study to determine the available P (aP) release curve for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 (Barentz, Woodbury, MN). At approximately 19 d of age, pigs were weaned, randomly allotted to pens, and fed common starter diets. Pigs were blocked by average pen body weight (BW) and randomly allotted to one of eight dietary treatments on day 18 postweaning, considered day 0 of the study. Dietary treatments were derived from a single basal diet and ingredients including phytase, monocalcium P, limestone, and sand were added to create the treatment diets. Treatments included three diets containing increasing inorganic P from monocalcium P (0.11%, 0.20%, and 0.28% aP), or five diets with increasing phytase (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, or 2,500 FTU/kg) added to the diet containing 0.11% aP. All diets were corn-soybean meal-canola meal-based and were formulated to contain 1.24% standardized ileal digestibility Lys, 0.30% phytate P, and an analyzed Ca:P ratio of 1.10:1. Prior to the beginning of the study, all pigs were fed a diet containing 0.11% aP for a 2-d period (days 16 to 18 postweaning). At the conclusion of the study, one pig, closest to the mean weight of each pen, was euthanized and the right fibula, rib, and metacarpal were collected to determine bone ash, density, and total bone P. Bones were weighed while suspended in a vessel of water and the weights used to calculate bone density (Archimedes' principle). For bone ash, bones were processed using the non-defatted method. For the overall experimental period, pigs fed increasing inorganic P had increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.033) average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and final BW and a tendency for increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.090) gain:feed ratio (G:F). Pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.004) ADG, G:F, and final BW and increased (linear, P = 0.019) ADFI. For fibula, rib, and metacarpal characteristics, pigs fed increasing aP from inorganic P had increased (linear, P < 0.001) bone ash weight, percentage bone ash, bone density, and bone P concentration. Additionally, pigs fed increasing phytase had increased (linear or quadratic, P < 0.05) bone ash weight, percentage bone ash, bone density, and bone P. TheaP release curve generated for Smizyme TS G5 2,500 for percentage bone ash using data generated from all three bones is aP = (0.228 × FTU/kg) ÷ (998.065 + FTU/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn N Gaffield
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Hadley R Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Larissa L Becker
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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Li Z, Zhang B, Zhu W, Lin Y, Chen J, Zhu F, Guo Y. Effects of nonantibiotic growth promoter combinations on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279950. [PMID: 36996144 PMCID: PMC10062635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, the effects of nonantibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations (NAGPCs) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers were evaluated. All birds were fed pellets of two basal diets-starter (0-21 d) and grower (22-42 d)-with either enramycin (ENR) or NAGPC supplemented. 1) control + ENR; 2) control diet (CON, basal diet); 3) control + mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) + mannanase (MAN) + sodium butyrate (SB) (MMS); 4) control + MOS + MAN + Bacillus subtilis (BS) (MMB); 5) control + MOS + fruit oligosaccharide (FOS) + SB (MFS); 6) control + FOS + BS (MFB); 7) control + MOS + FOS + MAN (MFM); 8) control + MOS + BS + phytase (PT) (MBP). ENR, MOS, FOS, SB, MAN, PT, and BS were added at 100, 2,000, 9,000, 1,500, 300, 37, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment used a completely random block design with six replicates per group: 2400 Ross 308 broilers in the starter phase and 768 in the grower phase. All NAGPCs significantly improved body weight gain (P < 0.01), utilization of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P < 0.05), villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) at d 21 and 42. MMS, MMB, MFB, and MFM duodenum trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) at d 21 and 42. On d 21 and 42, MMS, MMB, and MBP increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides whereas MMB, MFB, and MBP decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, compared to ENR and CON. Overall, the NAGPCs were found to have some beneficial effects and may be used as effective antibiotic replacements in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingting Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Rongcheng Lidao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Rongcheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Naghdi E, Moosavi-Nejad Z, Gholamhossein Goudarzi B, Soudi MR. Phytate-Induced Dose-Response Auto-Activation of Enzyme in Commercial Recombinant Phytase From Escherichia coli. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 21:e3315. [PMID: 36811107 PMCID: PMC9938928 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.334455.3315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Microbial phytase is one of the most widely used enzymes in food industries like cattle, poultry, and aquaculture food. Therefore, understanding the kinetic properties of the enzyme is very important to evaluate and predict its behavior in the digestive system of livestock. Working on phytase is one of the most challenging experiments because of some problems, including free inorganic phosphate (FIP) impurity in phytate (substrate) and interference reaction of the reagent with both phosphates (product and phytate impurity). Objective In the present study, FIP impurity of phytate was removed, and then it was shown that the substrate (phytate) has a dual role in enzyme kinetics: substrate and activator. Material and Methods phytate impurity was decreased by two-step recrystallization prior to the enzyme assay. The impurity removal was estimated by the ISO30024:2009 method and confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The kinetic behavior of phytase activity was evaluated using the purified phytate as substrate by non-Michaelis-Menten analysis, including Eadie-Hofstee, Clearance, and Hill plots. The possibility of an allosteric site on phytase was assessed by molecular docking. Results The results showed a 97.2% decrease in FIP due to recrystallization. The phytase saturation curve had a sigmoidal appearance, and Lineweaver-Burk plot with a negative y-intercept indicated the positive homotropic effect of the substrate on the enzyme activity. A right-side concavity of Eadie-Hofstee plot confirmed it. Hill coefficient was calculated to be 2.26. Molecular docking also showed that Escherichia coli phytase molecule has another binding site for phytate very close to the active site, called "allosteric site". Conclusions The observations strongly propose the existence of an intrinsic molecular mechanism in Escherichia coli phytase molecules to be promoted for more activity by its substrate, phytate (positive homotropic allosteric effect). In silico analysis showed that phytate binding to the allosteric site caused new substrate-mediated inter-domain interactions, which seems to lead to a more active conformation of phytase. Our results provide a strong basis for animal feed development strategies, especially in the case of poultry food and supplements, regarding a short food passage time in their gastrointestinal tract and variable concentration of phytate along with it. Additionally, the results strengthen our understanding of phytase auto-activation as well as allosteric regulation of monomeric proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Naghdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi-Nejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Soudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Antoine T, Georgé S, Leca A, Desmarchelier C, Halimi C, Gervais S, Aupy F, Marconot G, Reboul E. Reduction of pulse "antinutritional" content by optimizing pulse canning process is insufficient to improve fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. Food Chem 2022; 370:131021. [PMID: 34536784 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Some bioactive compounds found in pulses (phytates, saponins, tannins) display antinutritional properties and interfere with fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability (i.e., bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake). As canned chickpeas are consumed widely, our aim was to optimize the chickpea canning process and assess whether this optimization influences fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. Different conditions during soaking and blanching were studied, as was a step involving prior germination. Proteins, lipids, fibers, vitamin E, lutein, 5-methyl-tetrahydro-folate, magnesium, iron, phytates, saponins and tannins were quantified. Bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake of vitamin D and K were assessed using in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cells, respectively. Significant reductions of phytate, saponin and tannin contents (-16 to -44%), but also of folate content (up to -97%) were observed under optimized canning conditions compared with the control. However, bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of vitamin D and K remained unaffected after in vitro digestion of test meals containing control or optimized canned chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Georgé
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles, Avignon, France
| | - Alexandre Leca
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR SQPOV, Avignon 84000, France
| | | | | | - Sarah Gervais
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles, Avignon, France
| | - Fabien Aupy
- Centre Technique de Conservation des Produits Agricoles, Avignon, France
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Addeo NF, Vozzo S, Secci G, Mastellone V, Piccolo G, Lombardi P, Parisi G, Asiry KA, Attia YA, Bovera F. Different Combinations of Butchery and Vegetable Wastes on Growth Performance, Chemical-Nutritional Characteristics and Oxidative Status of Black Soldier Fly Growing Larvae. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3515. [PMID: 34944290 PMCID: PMC8698169 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermetia illucens larvae (five days old) were farmed on broiler feed (control diet), a vegetable diet (V100), a 50% of vegetable diet + 50% of butchery wastes (V50 + B50), and a 75% of vegetable diet + 25% of butchery wastes (V75 + B25) to evaluate their suitability. Ten kilograms of substrate and 6000 larvae composed each replicate (nine per group). Larvae were weighed and measured every two days until the 25% developed into prepupae. Larval mortality and growing indexes were calculated. Substrates, larvae, and frass chemical composition were analyzed. Larvae oxidative status and stability were measured in hemolymph and body. The V100 larvae showed the lowest live weight, length, thickness, and growth rate but had low mortality rate and high substrate reduction index and protein conversion ratio. The V100 larvae had similar protein to and lower lipids than the control ones, while the V50 + B50 and V75 + B25 larvae contained higher lipids and lower protein than the others. Despite the vegetable wastes, at different levels, the reactive oxygen species content decreased in hemolymph, and the V100 diet depressed growth performance and should be avoided. The use of butchery wastes combined with vegetable ingredients can be a suitable alternative to balance the high level of lipid and the low content of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Francesco Addeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Simone Vozzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Khalid A. Asiry
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Agriculture Department, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (N.F.A.); (S.V.); (V.M.); (G.P.); (P.L.)
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Lopes M, Coutinho T, Farinas C. Modification of zeolite with metallic ions improves the immobilization of phytase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Fungal Phytases: Current Research and Applications in Food Industry. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ugwuodo CJ, Nwagu TN. Stabilizing enzymes by immobilization on bacterial spores: A review of literature. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:238-250. [PMID: 33115650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing applications of enzymes are limited by the relatively poor performance in harsh processing conditions. As a result, there are constant innovations in immobilization protocols for improving biocatalyst activity and stability. Bacterial spores are cheap to generate and highly resistant to environmental stress. The spore core is sheathed by an inner membrane, the germ cell wall, the cortex, outer membrane, spore coat and in some species the exosporium. The spore surface is anion-rich, hydrophobic and contains several reactive groups capable of interacting and stabilizing enzyme molecules through electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonding. The probiotic nature of spores obtained from non-toxic bacterial species makes them suitable carriers for the enzyme immobilization, especially food-grade enzymes or those intended for therapeutic use. Immobilization on spores is by direct adsorption, covalent attachment or surface display during the sporulation phase. Hindrances to the immobilization on spore matrix include the production rates, operational instability, and reduced catalytic properties due to conformational changes in enzyme. This paper reviews bacterial spore as a heterofunctional support matrix gives reasons why probiotic bacillus spores are better options and the diverse technologies adopted for spore-enzyme immobilization. It further suggests directions for future use and discusses the commercialization prospects.
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12
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Callegari M, Jucker C, Fusi M, Leonardi MG, Daffonchio D, Borin S, Savoldelli S, Crotti E. Hydrolytic Profile of the Culturable Gut Bacterial Community Associated With Hermetia illucens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1965. [PMID: 32903451 PMCID: PMC7434986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (L.) convert organic waste into high valuable insect biomass that can be used as alternative protein source for animal nutrition or as feedstock for biodiesel production. Since insect biology and physiology are influenced by the gut microbiome, knowledge about the functional role of BSF-associated microorganisms could be exploited to enhance the insect performance and growth. Although an increasing number of culture-independent studies are unveiling the microbiota structure and composition of the BSF gut microbiota, a knowledge gap remains on the experimental validation of the contribution of the microorganisms to the insect growth and development. We aimed at assessing if BSF gut-associated bacteria potentially involved in the breakdown of diet components are able to improve host nutrition. A total of 193 bacterial strains were obtained from guts of BSF larvae reared on a nutritious diet using selective and enrichment media. Most of the bacterial isolates are typically found in the insect gut, with major representatives belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli classes. The hydrolytic profile of the bacterial collection was assessed on compounds typically present in the diet. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that the addition to a nutritionally poor diet of the two isolates Bacillus licheniformis HI169 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HI121, selected for their complementary metabolic activities, could enhance BSF growth. B. licheniformis HI169 positively influenced the larval final weight and growth rate when compared to the control. Conversely, the addition of S. maltophilia HI121 to the nutritionally poor diet did not result in a growth enhancement in terms of larval weight and pupal weight and length in comparison to the control, whereas the combination of the two strains positively affected the larval final weight and the pupal weight and length. In conclusion, we isolated BSF-associated bacterial strains with potential positive properties for the host nutrition and we showed that selected isolates may enhance BSF growth, suggesting the importance to evaluate the effect of the bacterial administration on the insect performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Costanza Jucker
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fusi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Giovanna Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Savoldelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Production of Phytase Enzyme by a Bioengineered Probiotic for Degrading of Phytate Phosphorus in the Digestive Tract of Poultry. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:580-587. [PMID: 29680882 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms and have long been used in food production as well as health promotion products. Bioengineered probiotics are used to express and transfer native or recombinant molecules to the mucosal surface of the digestive tract to improve feed efficiency and promote health. Lactococcus lactis is a potential probiotic candidate to produce useful biological proteins. The aim of this investigation was to develop a recombinant Lactococcus lactis with the potential of producing phytase. To enhance the efficiency of expression and secretion of recombinant phytase, usp45 signal peptide was added to the expression vector containing phytase gene (appA2) derived from Escherichia coli. Sequencing of recombinant plasmid containing appA2 showed the correct construction of plasmid. Total length of the phytase insert was 1.25 kbp. A Blast search of the cloned fragment showed 99% similarity to the reported E. coli phytase sequence in the GenBank (accession number: AM946981.2). A plasmid containing usp45 and appA2 electrotransferred into Lactococcus lactis. Zymogram with polyacrylamide gel revealed that the protein extract from the supernatant and the cell pellet of recombinant bacteria had phytase activity. Enzyme activity of 4 U/ml was obtained in cell extracts, and supernatant maximal phytase activity was 19 U/ml. The recombinant L. lactis was supplemented in broiler chicken feed and showed the increase of apparent digestibility on phytate phosphorus in the digestive tract and it was same as performance of E. coli commercial phytase.
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Puppala KR, Ravi Kumar V, Khire J, Dharne M. Dephytinizing and Probiotic Potentials of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCIM 3662) Strain for Amelioration of Nutritional Quality of Functional Foods. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:604-617. [PMID: 29508267 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increase of undigested complexes of phytic acid in food is gaining serious attention to overcome nutritional challenges due to chelation effects. We investigated soil-borne yeast phytase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCIM 3662) for dephytinization of foods, probiotic properties, and process development. The strain produced 45 IU/DCG by cell-bound phytase in an unoptimized medium was increased fourfold (164 IU/DCG) in 12 h using statistical media optimization. The process was scaled-up up to 10-L fermenter scale with increased phytase productivity of 6.4 IU/DCG/h as compared to the lab scale. The strain displayed probiotic characteristics like tolerance to artificial gastric acid conditions, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, coaggregation, and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Further, it could dephytinize (removal of phytic acid; an anti-nutritional factor) functional foods like ragi (finger millet) flour, soya flour, chickpea flour, and poultry animal feed. A combination of cell-bound dephytinizing phytase and nutrition-ameliorating probiotic traits of S. cerevisiae (NCIM 3662) presents profound applications in food technology sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Raja Puppala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
- NCIM Resource Center, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - V Ravi Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Department, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Jayant Khire
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
- NCIM Resource Center, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Mahesh Dharne
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
- NCIM Resource Center, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
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15
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Jatuwong K, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Penkhrue W, Kakumyan P, Lumyong S. Bioprocess for Production, Characteristics, and Biotechnological Applications of Fungal Phytases. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:188. [PMID: 32117182 PMCID: PMC7034034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the phospho-monoester bonds of phytates. Phytates are one of the major forms of phosphorus found in plant tissues. Fungi are mainly used for phytase production. The production of fungal phytases has been achieved under three different fermentation methods including solid-state, semi-solid-state, and submerged fermentation. Agricultural residues and other waste materials have been used as substrates for the evaluation of enzyme production in the fermentation process. Nutrients, physical conditions such as pH and temperature, and protease resistance are important factors for increasing phytase production. Fungal phytases are considered monomeric proteins and generally possess a molecular weight of between 14 and 353 kDa. Fungal phytases display a broad substrate specificity with optimal pH and temperature ranges between 1.3 and 8.0 and 37-67°C, respectively. The crystal structure of phytase has been studied in Aspergillus. Notably, thermostability engineering has been used to improve relevant enzyme properties. Furthermore, fungal phytases are widely used in food and animal feed additives to improve the efficiency of phosphorus intake and reduce the amount of phosphorus in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsana Jatuwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Ph.D. Degree Program in Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinic, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pattana Kakumyan
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Sharma N, Angural S, Rana M, Puri N, Kondepudi KK, Gupta N. Phytase producing lactic acid bacteria: Cell factories for enhancing micronutrient bioavailability of phytate rich foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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18
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Serdyuk EG, Isakova EP, Gessler NN, Trubnikova EV, Antipov AN, Deryabina YI. Activity of Neutral Phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus in Recombinant Strains of Yarrowia lipolytica under Cultivation on Low-Grade Vegetable Substrate. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Dave G, Modi H. Phytase-Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles-loaded microcosms of silica for catalytic remediation of phytate-phosphorous from eutrophic water bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14988-15000. [PMID: 30919185 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture P management practices elevate the level of inorganic phosphates in soil that results in phosphorous (P) seepage into water-bodies. This is one of the key factors that have accelerated the menace of eutrophication. Phytic acid (phytate)-P-rich plant metabolite is infamous for its anti-nutrient activity and regularly oozing in to environment though discharge of mono-gastric animals. That has amplified the magnitudes of eutrophication. In this work, for catalysis of phytate-P, the metal-organic framework fabricated towards metal oxides (Fe3O4) and phytase in highly ordered microcosms of silica was employed. The synthesized framework was characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen isotherm analysis. Average pore diameter of synthesized bisect oval shaped structures was measured around ≈200 nm. Herein, phytase and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were loaded to the cavities of microcosms through glutaraldehyde-mediated crosslinking. Whereas Fe3O4 nanoparticles act as nano-absorbents that adsorb P liberated from phytase-mediated catalysis of phytate. Kinetic analysis of free and loaded phytase has shown relatively small reduction in catalytic efficiency. These loaded microcosms have removed 60-80% of phytate-phosphate. The optimized process has reduced the growth of photoautotrophs by 50%. Additionally the magnet-assisted separation of loaded microcosms eased the reapplication of loaded microcosms tested for six independent instances. The primary studies conducted to evaluate the geno-toxicity of loaded microcosms have not shown any harmful effect on the process like cell division and seed germination. The efficacy of this method has evaluated towards on-field testing in Changa (Gujarat, India) lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Dave
- P.D.Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Education Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388421, India.
| | - Hasmukh Modi
- Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 3800009, India
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Ajith S, Ghosh J, Shet D, ShreeVidhya S, Punith BD, Elangovan AV. Partial purification and characterization of phytase from Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 11682. AMB Express 2019; 9:3. [PMID: 30610388 PMCID: PMC6320329 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase is a phosphatase enzyme widely used as feed additive to release inorganic phosphorus from plant phytate and enhance its uptake in monogastric animals. Although engineered fungal phytases are used most, a natural enzyme gives opportunity to understand novel properties, if any. In the current study, a novel fungal strain, Aspergillus foetidus MTCC 11682 was immobilized on poly urethane cubes and used for phytase production, purification and molecular characterization. Phytase produced by this method was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sephacryl S-200HR gel filtration to 23.4-fold (compared to crude extract) with recovery of 13% protein. Electrophoresis analysis revealed that phytase has molecular weight of 90.5 kDa on non-reducing and 129.6 kDa on reducing SDS-PAGE. The purified phytase exhibited a wider pH and temperature stability. Analysis of the cloned sequence showed that the gene has 1176 bp that encodes for a peptide of 391 amino acids of the core catalytic region. It was also found that phytase from A. foetidus has a sequence identity of 99% with the phytase gene of other Aspergillus species at nucleotide level and 100% at protein level in A. niger, A. awamori, A. oryzae. In silico analysis of sequence identified the presence of two consecutive and one non-consecutive intra chain disulfide bonds in the phytase. This probably contributed to the differential migration of phytase on reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE. There are predicted 11 O-glycosylation sites and 8 N-glycosylation sites, possibly contributed to an enhanced stability of enzyme produced by this organism. This study opened up a new horizon for exploring the novel properties of phytase for other applications.
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21
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Kim JS, Kim DS, Lee KC, Lee JS, King GM, Kang S. Microbial community structure and functional potential of lava-formed Gotjawal soils in Jeju, Korea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204761. [PMID: 30312313 PMCID: PMC6193574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gotjawal areas of Jeju Island, Korea, are comprised of unmanaged forests growing on volcanic soils. They support unique assemblages of vascular plants from both northern and southern hemispheres, but are threatened by human disturbance. The health and ecosystem function of these assemblages likely depends in part on the diversity and community structure of soil microbial communities, about which little is known. To assess the diversity of Gotjawal soil microbial communities, twenty samples were collected in November 2010 from 4 representatives of Gotjawal forests. While soil properties and microbial communities measured by 16S rRNA gene sequence data were marginally distinct among sites by PERMANOVA (p = 0.017–0.191), GeoChip data showed significant differences among sites (p <0.006). Gene composition overall, and the composition of 3 functional gene categories had similar structures themselves and similar associations with environmental factors. Among these communities, phosphorous cycling genes exhibited the most distinct patterns. 16S rRNA gene sequence data resulted in a mean 777 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which included the following major phyla: Proteobacteria (27.9%), Actinobacteria (17.7%), Verrucomicrobia (14.3%), Acidobacteria (9.6%), Planctomycetes (9.8%), Bacteroidetes (8.9%), and Chloroflexi (2.2%). Indicator species analysis (ISA) was used to determine the taxa with high indicator value, which represented the following: uncultured Chlamydiaceae, Caulobacter, uncultured Sinobacteraceae, Paenibacillus, Arenimonas, Clostridium sensu.stricto, uncultured Burkholderiales incertae sedis, and Nocardioides in Aewol (AW), Aquicella, uncultured Planctomycetia, and Aciditerrimonas in Gujwa-Seongsan (GS), uncultured Acidobacteria Gp1, and Hamadaea in Hankyeong-Andeok (HA), and Bosea, Haliea, and Telmatocola in Jocheon-Hamdeok (JH) Gotjawal. Collectively, these results demonstrated the uniqueness of microbial communities within each Gotjawal region, likely reflecting different patterns of soil, plant assemblages and microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Shik Kim
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry, Uljin, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JSK); (SK)
| | - Dae-Shin Kim
- World Heritage and Mt. Hallasan Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Chul Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongup, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary M. King
- Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Sanghoon Kang
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JSK); (SK)
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22
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Bhagyawant SS, Bhadkaria A, Gupta N, Srivastava N. Impact of phytic acid on nutrient bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of chickpea genotypes. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amita Bhadkaria
- School of Studies in Biotechnology Jiwaji University Gwalior India
| | - Neha Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology Jiwaji University Gwalior India
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Banasthali University Banasthali India
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23
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Crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) of phytase with soymilk proteins. J Biotechnol 2018; 282:67-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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The effects ofmicrobial phytases and dietary calcium and phosphorus levels on the productive performance and bone mineralization of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Gessler NN, Serdyuk EG, Isakova EP, Deryabina YI. Phytases and the Prospects for Their Application (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Han N, Miao H, Yu T, Xu B, Yang Y, Wu Q, Zhang R, Huang Z. Enhancing thermal tolerance of Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase directed by structural comparison and computational simulation. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29859065 PMCID: PMC5984770 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytase supplied in feeds for monogastric animals is important for improving nutrient uptake and reducing phosphorous pollution. High-thermostability phytases are particularly desirable due to their ability to withstand transient high temperatures during feed pelleting procedures. A comparison of crystal structures of the widely used industrial Aspergillus niger PhyA phytase (AnP) with its close homolog, the thermostable Aspergillus fumigatus phytase (AfP), suggests 18 residues in three segments associated with thermostability. In this work, we aim to improve the thermostability of AnP through site-directed mutagenesis. We identified favorable mutations based on structural comparison of homologous phytases and molecular dynamics simulations. Results A recombinant phytase (AnP-M1) was created by substituting 18 residues in AnP with their AfP analogs. AnP-M1 exhibited greater thermostability than AnP at 70 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested newly formed hydrogen bonding interactions with nine substituted residues give rise to the improved themostability. Thus, another recombinant phytase (AnP-M2) with just these nine point substitutions was created. AnP-M2 demonstrated superior thermostability among all AnPs at ≥70 °C: AnP-M2 maintained 56% of the maximal activity after incubation at 80 °C for 1 h; AnP-M2 retained 30-percentage points greater residual activity than that of AnP and AnP-M1 after 1 h incubation at 90 °C. Conclusions The resulting AnP-M2 is an attractive candidate in industrial applications, and the nine substitutions in AnP-M2 are advantageous for phytase thermostability. This work demonstrates that a strategy combining structural comparison of homologous enzymes and computational simulation to focus on important interactions is an effective method for obtaining a thermostable enzyme. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0445-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huabiao Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunjuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China. .,Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Sustainable and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China.
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27
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Characterization of the Catalytic Structure of Plant Phytase, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-Like Phytase, and Histidine Acid Phytases and Their Biotechnological Applications. Enzyme Res 2018; 2018:8240698. [PMID: 29713527 PMCID: PMC5866894 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8240698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase plays a prominent role in monogastric animal nutrition due to its ability to improve phytic acid digestion in the gastrointestinal tract, releasing phosphorus and other micronutrients that are important for animal development. Moreover, phytase decreases the amounts of phytic acid and phosphate excreted in feces. Bioinformatics approaches can contribute to the understanding of the catalytic structure of phytase. Analysis of the catalytic structure can reveal enzymatic stability and the polarization and hydrophobicity of amino acids. One important aspect of this type of analysis is the estimation of the number of β-sheets and α-helices in the enzymatic structure. Fermentative processes or genetic engineering methods are employed for phytase production in transgenic plants or microorganisms. To this end, phytase genes are inserted in transgenic crops to improve the bioavailability of phosphorus. This promising technology aims to improve agricultural efficiency and productivity. Thus, the aim of this review is to present the characterization of the catalytic structure of plant and microbial phytases, phytase genes used in transgenic plants and microorganisms, and their biotechnological applications in animal nutrition, which do not impact negatively on environmental degradation.
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Bandyopadhyay D, Das K, Sen SK. Purification of thermo and acid tolerant extracellular phytase from a new soil isolate of Amycolatopsis vancoresmycina S-12. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sirin Y, Akatin MY, Colak A, Saglam Ertunga N. Dephytinization of food stuffs by phytase of Geobacillus sp. TF16 immobilized in chitosan and calcium-alginate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1261151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Sirin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Colak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Saglam Ertunga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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Ren Z, Ebrahimi M, Bütz DE, Sand JM, Zhang K, Cook ME. Antibody to fibroblast growth factor 23-peptide reduces excreta phosphorus of laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:127-134. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3:77-84. [PMID: 29767127 PMCID: PMC5941064 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus (P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets (a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased (P < 0.05) digestibility and retention of gross energy (GE) and supplementation with tylosin increased (P < 0.05) N retention relative to the basal negative control diet. Experiment 2 used eight 19-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial of antimicrobials (none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase (0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg). Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen (N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects (P < 0.01) of phytase on Ca utilization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies (P < 0.10) in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved (P < 0.05) N utilization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and adding tylosin improved (P < 0.05) tibia ash but did not affect nutrient utilization. Dietary phytase improved (P < 0.01) growth performance, tibia ash and apparent ileal digestibility and retention of P regardless of antimicrobial supplementation. Overall, phytase supplementation improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility and retention, regardless of supplementation of diets with antimicrobials. Supplementation of diets with antimicrobials did not affect P digestibility or retention because of a lack of interaction between antimicrobials and phytase, there was no evidence that P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials.
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Abid N, Khatoon A, Maqbool A, Irfan M, Bashir A, Asif I, Shahid M, Saeed A, Brinch-Pedersen H, Malik KA. Transgenic expression of phytase in wheat endosperm increases bioavailability of iron and zinc in grains. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:109-122. [PMID: 27687031 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phytate is a major constituent of wheat seeds and chelates metal ions, thus reducing their bioavailability and so the nutritional value of grains. Transgenic plants expressing heterologous phytase are expected to enhance degradation of phytic acid stored in seeds and are proposed to increase the in vitro bioavailability of mineral nutrients. Wheat transgenic plants expressing Aspergillus japonicus phytase gene (phyA) in wheat endosperm were developed till T3 generation. The transgenic lines exhibited 18-99 % increase in phytase activity and 12-76 % reduction of phytic acid content in seeds. The minimum phytic acid content was observed in chapatti (Asian bread) as compared to flour and dough. The transcript profiling of phyA mRNA indicated twofold to ninefold higher expression as compared to non transgenic controls. There was no significant difference in grain nutrient composition of transgenic and non-transgenic seeds. In vitro bioavailability assay for iron and zinc in dough and chapatti of transgenic lines revealed a significant increase in iron and zinc contents. The development of nutritionally enhanced cereals is a step forward to combat nutrition deficiency for iron and zinc in malnourished human population, especially women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Abid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asia Khatoon
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box No. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Maqbool
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box No. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irsa Asif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Asma Saeed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Henrik Brinch-Pedersen
- Department of Plant Biology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Kauser A Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Armacost Science Building, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600, Pakistan.
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Kuznetsova E, Cherepnina L, Motyleva S, Brindza J. Redistribution of mineral elements in wheat grain when applying the complex enzyme preparations based on phytase. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic minerals play an important role in the whole human nutrition, but they are included in the grain of the phytates that reduces their bioavailability. Whole wheat bread is generally considered a healthy food, but the presence of mineral elements in it is insignificant, because of weak phytate degradation. From all sources of exogenous phytase the most productive are microscopic fungi. To accelerate the process of transition hard mineral elements are mobilized to implement integrated cellulolytic enzyme preparation based on the actions of phytase (producer is Penicillium canescens). Phytase activity was assessed indirectly by the rate of release of phosphate from the substrate. It has been established that the release rate of the phosphoric acid substrate is dependent on the composition of the drug and the enzyme complex is determined by the presence of xylanase. The presented experimental data shows that a cellulase treatment of the grain in conjunction with the β-glucanase or xylanase leading to an increase in phytase activity could be 1.4 - 2.3 times as compared with the individual enzymes. As a result of concerted action of enzymes complex preparation varies topography grain, increase the pore sizes in seed and fruit shells that facilitate the penetration of the enzyme phytase in the aleurone layer to the site of phytin hydrolysis and leads to an increase in phytase activity. In terms of rational parameters of enzymatic hydrolysis, the distribution of mineral elements in the anatomical parts of the grain after processing complex enzyme preparation with the help of X-ray detector EMF miniCup system in a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 were investigated. When processing enzyme preparation wheat trend in the distribution of mineral elements, characteristic of grain - the proportion of these elements in the aleurone layer decreases, and in the endosperm increases. Because dietary fiber and phytate found together in the peripheral layers of fiber-rich grains, it is difficult to separate the effects of degradation processes nonstarch polysaccharides and fiberphytate redistribution of polyvalent metal ions. However, studies have shown that phytase - an effective mechanism for regulating mineral nutrient diet. Application of phytase in grain bakery technology will increase the biological value of the product.
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Fritsch C, Vogel RF, Toelstede S. Fermentation performance of lactic acid bacteria in different lupin substrates-influence and degradation ability of antinutritives and secondary plant metabolites. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1075-88. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fritsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising Germany
| | - R. F. Vogel
- Technische Universität München; Technische Mikrobiologie Weihenstephan; Freising Germany
| | - S. Toelstede
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV; Freising Germany
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Potvin G, Li Z, Zhang Z. Statistical Medium Optimization for the Increased Production of Recombinant Phytase in the Fed-Batch Cultivation of Pichia pastoris. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Using a 20-run central composite design, standard Basal Salt Media (BSM) was optimized for the production of recombinant phytase by Pichia pastoris in bioreactor-based fed-batch cultivations using glucose as the carbon source. The phytase activity in the supernatant of the cultures at the end of 48-hour runs was modeled as a function of the medium composition, and this model was successfully validated. Using Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy (ICP), residual elements were quantified in the cultivation broth at the end of each run to confirm that differences in final cell density and enzyme activity were not due to nutrient depletion, but indeed associated with the variations in medium composition. The optimized media contains significantly lower concentration of the potassium and magnesium sources (28.7 g/l KH2PO4 and 4.8 g/l MgSO4·7H2O respectively), as well as a reduced concentration of trace salts, and based on experimental results, significantly outperforms standard media in terms of recombinant product yields under the same conditions.
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Suresh S, Radha KV. Effect of a mixed substrate on phytase production by Rhizopus oligosporus MTCC 556 using solid state fermentation and determination of dephytinization activities in food grains. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zhang S, Liao SA, Yu X, Lu H, Xian JA, Guo H, Wang A, Xie J. Microbial diversity of mangrove sediment in Shenzhen Bay and gene cloning, characterization of an isolated phytase-producing strain of SPC09 B. cereus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5339-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gupta RK, Gangoliya SS, Singh NK. Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:676-84. [PMID: 25694676 PMCID: PMC4325021 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-0978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
More than half of the world populations are affected by micronutrient malnutrition and one third of world's population suffers from anemia and zinc deficiency, particularly in developing countries. Iron and zinc deficiencies are the major health problems worldwide. Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorous in cereals, legumes, oil seeds and nuts. Phytic acid is known as a food inhibitor which chelates micronutrient and prevents it to be bioavailabe for monogastric animals, including humans, because they lack enzyme phytase in their digestive tract. Several methods have been developed to reduce the phytic acid content in food and improve the nutritional value of cereal which becomes poor due to such antinutrient. These include genetic improvement as well as several pre-treatment methods such as fermentation, soaking, germination and enzymatic treatment of grains with phytase enzyme. Biofortification of staple crops using modern biotechnological techniques can potentially help in alleviating malnutrition in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishor Gupta
- Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | | | - Nand Kumar Singh
- Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh India
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Isolation of thermotolerant phytase producing fungi and optimisation of phytase production by Aspergillus niger NRF9 in solid state fermentation using response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Chen CC, Cheng KJ, Ko TP, Guo RT. Current Progresses in Phytase Research: Three-Dimensional Structure and Protein Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kim BH, Lee JY, Lee PCW. Purification, sequencing and evaluation of a divergent phytase from Penicillium oxalicum KCTC6440. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 61:117-23. [PMID: 26377131 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
A fungal strain producing high levels of phytase was purified to homogeneity from Penicillium oxalicum KCTC6440 (PhyA). The molecular mass of the purified PhyA was 65 kDa and optimal activity occurred at 55°C. The enzyme was stable in a pH range of 4.5-6.5, with an optimum performance at pH 5.5. The Km value for the substrate sodium phytate was 0.48 mM with a Vmax of 672 U/mg. The enzyme was inhibited by Ca(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+), and slightly enhanced by EDTA. The PhyA efficiently released phosphate from feedstuffs such as soybean, rich bran and corn meal. The PhyA gene was cloned in two steps of degenerate PCR and inverse PCR and found to comprise 1501 bp and encode 461 amino acid residues. The enzyme was found to have only 13 amino acids differing to the known PhyA from other Penicillium sp., but has distinct enzyme characteristics. Computational analysis showed that PhyA possessed more positively charged residues in the active sites compared to other PhyA molecules, which may explain the broader pH spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Hyun Kim
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School
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43
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Reduction of Phosphorus Pollution from Broilers Waste through Supplementation of Wheat Based Broilers Feed with Phytase. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/867014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to reduce phosphorus pollution from broilers waste by supplementing phytase enzyme in broilers fee. Two hundred two-week-old broilers (Hubbard) were selected and randomly allocated to three dietary treatment groups, one control group (without phytase) and two trial groups (group A with 300 U/kg phytase and group B with 600 U/kg phytase). Each group was composed of 5 replicates with 10 chicks. Broilers fed the control diet (without phytase) gained weight slower (P< 0.05) than the other treatment groups. A significant increase in body weight gain of group A (28.00 ± 2.97) and group B (29.75 ± 3.45) was observed as compared to control group (26.75 ± 2.78). The feed intake of the birds fed the diets containing microbial phytase 600 U/kg was the highest. Phytase significantly (P> 0.05) reduces excreta P and Ca level. Phytase addition did not affect excreta pH. The presence of phytase in feed mixtures significantly (P> 0.05) improves the body weight gain and feed intake of broiler chickens.
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Li C, Lin Y, Huang Y, Liu X, Liang S. Citrobacter amalonaticus phytase on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris exhibits high pH stability as a promising potential feed supplement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114728. [PMID: 25490768 PMCID: PMC4260871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytase expressed and anchored on the cell surface of Pichia pastoris avoids the expensive and time-consuming steps of protein purification and separation. Furthermore, yeast cells with anchored phytase can be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst. In this study, the phytase gene of Citrobacter amalonaticus was fused with the Pichia pastoris glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein homologue GCW61. Phytase exposed on the cell surface exhibits a high activity of 6413.5 U/g, with an optimal temperature of 60°C. In contrast to secreted phytase, which has an optimal pH of 5.0, phytase presented on the cell surface is characterized by an optimal pH of 3.0. Moreover, our data demonstrate that phytase anchored on the cell surface exhibits higher pH stability than its secreted counterpart. Interestingly, our in vitro digestion experiments demonstrate that phytase attached to the cell surface is a more efficient enzyme than secreted phytase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Lee SH, Cho J, Bok J, Kang S, Choi Y, Lee PCW. Characterization, Gene Cloning, and Sequencing of a Fungal Phytase, PhyA, FromPenicillium oxalicumPJ3. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:336-47. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.923446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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46
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Belgaroui N, Zaidi I, Farhat A, Chouayekh H, Bouain N, Chay S, Curie C, Mari S, Masmoudi K, Davidian JC, Berthomieu P, Rouached H, Hanin M. Over-expression of the Bacterial Phytase US417 in Arabidopsis Reduces the Concentration of Phytic Acid and Reveals Its Involvement in the Regulation of Sulfate and Phosphate Homeostasis and Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1912-24. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Oh TK, Oh S, Kim S, Park JS, Vinod N, Jang KM, Kim SC, Choi CW, Ko SM, Jeong DK, Udayakumar R. Expression of Aspergillus nidulans phy gene in Nicotiana benthamiana produces active phytase with broad specificities. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15571-91. [PMID: 25192284 PMCID: PMC4200759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length phytase gene (phy) of Aspergillus nidulans was amplified from the cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and it was introduced into a bacterial expression vector, pET-28a. The recombinant protein (rPhy-E, 56 kDa) was overexpressed in the insoluble fraction of Escherichia coli culture, purified by Ni-NTA resin under denaturing conditions and injected into rats as an immunogen. To express A. nidulans phytase in a plant, the full-length of phy was cloned into a plant expression binary vector, pPZP212. The resultant construct was tested for its transient expression by Agrobacterium-infiltration into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Compared with a control, the agro-infiltrated leaf tissues showed the presence of phy mRNA and its high expression level in N. benthamiana. The recombinant phytase (rPhy-P, 62 kDa) was strongly reacted with the polyclonal antibody against the nonglycosylated rPhy-E. The rPhy-P showed glycosylation, two pH optima (pH 4.5 and pH 5.5), an optimum temperature at 45~55 °C, thermostability and broad substrate specificities. After deglycosylation by peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase-F), the rPhy-P significantly lost the phytase activity and retained 1/9 of the original activity after 10 min of incubation at 45 °C. Therefore, the deglycosylation caused a significant reduction in enzyme thermostability. In animal experiments, oral administration of the rPhy-P at 1500 U/kg body weight/day for seven days caused a significant reduction of phosphorus excretion by 16% in rat feces. Besides, the rPhy-P did not result in any toxicological changes and clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyun Oh
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Sung Oh
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Seongdae Kim
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Jae Sung Park
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Nagarajan Vinod
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Jang
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Sei Chang Kim
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Biology & Medicinal Science, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea.
| | - Suk-Min Ko
- Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Animal Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 690-756, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Korea.
| | - Rajangam Udayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam-612 001, Tamilnadu, India.
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Gunashree BS, Venkateswaran G. Extracellular phytase from Aspergillus niger CFR 335: purification and characterization. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:4558-64. [PMID: 26139925 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phytase, that is extensively used as a feed additive is capable of hydrolyzing phytic acid, an antinutrient found in about 60-80 % of all the plant commodities. This enzyme improves the bioavailability of essential minerals such as Ca(2+), Mg(2+), P, Zn(2+), Fe(3+), that are bound to phytic acid. An extracellular phytase from a local fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger CFR 335 was purified to homogeneity through a three-step column chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex anion exchanger. An active fraction of the enzyme was obtained with NaCl gradient of 2.5 M in DEAE Sephadex column. The enzyme was purified up to 16 fold with a yield of 28.5 %. Substrate specificity studies revealed a highest specific activity of 32.6 ± 3.1 U/mg for sodium phytate with the Km value of 0.08 ± 0.1 mM. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 66 kDa with an optimum temperature of 30 °C and pH 4.5. Up to 80 % of the activity was retained even after storing the enzyme for 6 months at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Gunashree
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - G Venkateswaran
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Huang X, Chen L, Xu J, Ji HF, Zhu S, Chen H. Rapid visual detection of phytase gene in genetically modified maize using loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. Food Chem 2014; 156:184-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Singh B. Myceliophthora thermophila syn. Sporotrichum thermophile: a thermophilic mould of biotechnological potential. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:59-69. [PMID: 25025273 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.923985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Myceliophthora thermophila syn. Sporotrichum thermophile is a ubiquitous thermophilic mould with a strong ability to degrade organic matter during optimal growth at 45 °C. Both genome analysis and experimental data have suggested that the mould is capable of hydrolyzing all major polysaccharides found in biomass. The mould is able to secrete a large number of hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases, laccases, xylanases, pectinases, lipases, phytases and some other miscellaneous enzymes) employed in various biotechnological applications. Characterization of the biomass-hydrolyzing activity of wild and recombinant enzymes suggests that this mould is highly efficient in biomass decomposition at both moderate and high temperatures. The native enzymes produced by the mould are more efficient in activity than their mesophilic counterparts beside their low enzyme titers. The mould is able to synthesize various biomolecules, which are used in multifarious applications. Genome sequence data of M. thermophila also supported the physiological data. This review describes the biotechnological potential of thermophilic mould, M. thermophila supported by genomic and experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Singh
- a Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology , Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak-124001 , Haryana , India
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