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Akorede BA, Hassan SA, Akhigbe RE. Penile erection and cardiovascular function: effects and pathophysiology. Aging Male 2024; 27:2336627. [PMID: 38567396 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2024.2336627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Penile erection (PE) is a hemodynamic event that results from a neuroendocrine process, and it is influenced by the cardiovascular status of the patient. However, it may also modulate an individual's cardiovascular events. The present study provides the mechanisms involved in the association of PE and cardiovascular function. Erection upsurges the cardiac rate, blood pressure, and oxygen uptake. Sex-enhancing strategies, such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors, alprostadil, and testosterone also promote vasodilatation and cardiac performance, thus preventing myocardial infarction. More so, drugs that are used in the treatment of hypertensive heart diseases (such as angiotensin system inhibitors and β-blockers) facilitate vasodilatation and PE. These associations have been linked with nitric oxide- and testosterone-dependent enhancing effects on the vascular endothelium. In addition, impaired cardiovascular function may negatively impact PE; therefore, impaired PE may be a pointer to cardiovascular pathology. Hence, evaluation of the cardiovascular status of an individual with erectile dysfunction (ED) is essential. Also, employing strategies that are used in maintaining optimal cardiac function may be useful in the management of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Akorede
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - S A Hassan
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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2
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Adeyemi D, Arokoyo D, Hamed M, Dare A, Oyedokun P, Akhigbe R. Cardiometabolic Disorder and Erectile Dysfunction. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01361-2. [PMID: 38907942 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED), which is defined as the inability to attain and maintain a satisfactory penile erection to sufficiently permit sexual intercourse, is a consequence and also a cause of cardiometabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. Although there are mounting and convincing pieces of evidence in the literature linking ED and cardiometabolic disorders, impairment of nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation seems to be the primary signaling pathway. Studies have also implicated the suppression of circulating testosterone, increased endothelin-1, and hyperactivation of Ang II/ATIr in the pathogenesis of ED and cardiometabolic disorders. This study provides comprehensive details of the association between cardiometabolic disorders and ED and highlights the mechanisms involved. This would open areas to be explored as therapeutic targets in the management of ED and cardiometabolic disorders. It also provides sufficient evidence establishing the need for the management of cardiometabolic disorders as an adjunct therapy in the management of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Dennis Arokoyo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Moses Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratories, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ayobami Dare
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Precious Oyedokun
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Roland Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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3
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Mascarenhas C, Sousa ACA, Rato L. Effects of Pharmaceutical Substances with Obesogenic Activity on Male Reproductive Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2324. [PMID: 38397000 PMCID: PMC10889417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesogens have been identified as a significant factor associated with increasing obesity rates, particularly in developed countries. Substances with obesogenic traits are prevalent in consumer products, including certain pharmaceuticals. Specific classes of pharmaceuticals have been recognized for their ability to induce weight gain, often accompanied by hormonal alterations that can adversely impact male fertility. Indeed, research has supplied evidence underscoring the crucial role of obesogens and therapeutic agents in the normal functioning of the male reproductive system. Notably, sperm count and various semen parameters have been closely linked to a range of environmental and nutritional factors, including chemicals and pharmacological agents exhibiting obesogenic properties. This review aimed to explore studies focused on analyzing male fertility parameters, delving into the intricacies of sperm quality, and elucidating the direct and adverse effects that pharmacological agents may have on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mascarenhas
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-035 Guarda, Portugal;
| | - Ana C. A. Sousa
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Rato
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-035 Guarda, Portugal;
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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4
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Oyeleye SI, Olasehinde TA, Odumosu IP, Oboh G. Plantain peels restore sexual performance, hormonal imbalance, and modulate nitric oxide production and key enzymes of penile function in paroxetine-sexually impaired male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14261. [PMID: 35609010 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the effect of unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) plantain peels' extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) on sexual behavior, hormonal profiles [testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)], and enzymes [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), phosphodiesterase-5' (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE), ecto-5'neucleotidase, and adenosine deaminase (ADA)] in paroxetine (PAR)-induced penile dysfunction rats. From the result, arginase, PDE-5', ACE, ecto-5'-nucleotidase ADA, and AChE activities, sexual activities, hormonal profile, and NO level were reduced, while thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level increased (p < .05) relative to normal control rats. However, treatment with UPP and URP reduced the activities of these enzymes, decreased TBARS levels, and increased hormones, and penile NO levels in PAR-induced rats. Thus, the use of UPP and RPP could be channeled towards the improvement of sexual performance in erectile dysfunction (ED) disorder. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Plantain fruits are a tropical staple food crop commonly consumed at various stages of ripeness and cooking methods. However, its peels are regarded as a waste product with reported cases of environmental menace. Interestingly, plantain peel is being used as a major raw material for industrial applications in the agro-based industries and in folklore for the treatment of many human ailments due to its rich phytochemicals such as polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, etc., which have been reported. A prelude study has also indicated its usefulness in ED management, but further pharmacological investigations are needed to proffer information on its effect in ED management and its anti-androgenic activity in male Wistar rats. The information from this study could be of pharmaceutical importance in designing natural remedies capable of improving penile rigidity, hormone profiles, and alteration of enzymes linked with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Abiola Olasehinde
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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5
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Sexual Dysfunction Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2022; 41:534-549. [PMID: 34973698 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction (SD) in patients with chronic kidney disease is common and negatively impacts quality of life. SD is often under-appreciated because of overall low awareness. Diagnosis of SD is subjective, and manifestations can be different among men and women. Causes of SD are multifactorial, including psychological disorders, hormonal imbalances, vascular disorders, neurological disorders, and medication side effects. Non-specific approaches to improving sexual function include addressing underlying psychological disorders, promoting lifestyle modifications, optimizing dialysis care, and facilitating successful kidney transplantation, whereas treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, hormone replacement, and mechanical devices can be offered to patients with specific indications.
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de Oliveira AA, Nunes KP. Hypertension and Erectile Dysfunction: Breaking Down the Challenges. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:134-142. [PMID: 32866225 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A diagnostic of hypertension increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED); likewise, ED can be an early sign of hypertension. In both cases, there is evidence that endothelial dysfunction is a common link between the 2 conditions. During hypertension, the sustained and widespread release of procontractile factors (e.g., angiotensin II, endothelin 1, and aldosterone) impairs the balance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators and, in turn, detrimentally impacts vascular and erectile structures. This prohypertensive state associates with an enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is not compensated by internal antioxidant mechanisms. Recently, the innate immune system, mainly via Toll-like receptor 4, has also been shown to actively contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension and ED not only by inducing oxidative stress but also by sustaining a low-grade inflammatory state. Furthermore, some drugs used to treat hypertension can cause ED and, consequently, reduce compliance with the prescribed pharmacotherapy. To break down these challenges, in this review, we focus on discussing the well-established as well as the emerging mechanisms linking hypertension and ED with an emphasis on the signaling network of the vasculature and corpora cavernosa, the vascular-like structure of the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
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7
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Genetics and erectile dysfunction: leveraging early foundations for new discoveries. Int J Impot Res 2020; 34:252-259. [PMID: 33173200 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-00372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in understanding the genetics of erectile dysfunction (ED). Since early twin studies that suggested a genetic component to ED, multiple candidate gene studies have identified genetic variants that may be associated with ED. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have overcome some of the criticism of the candidate gene approach. Two recent GWAS studies have identified loci near SIM1 that may be associated with ED and have renewed interest in the leptin melanocortin signaling pathway. We review the current literature on the genetic basis of ED by highlighting several candidate genes and genetic variants associated with ED.
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Bragina ME, Costa-Fraga F, Sturny M, Ebadi B, Ruoccolo RT, Santos RAS, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N. Characterization of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Aged Cavernosal Tissue and its Role in Penile Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2020; 17:2129-2140. [PMID: 32943375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in erectile function. The RAS contains 2 major axes: one deleterious, composed of ACE-Ang II-AT1 receptor, and another protective, composed of ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor. While aging is a well-known cause for development of male sexual disorders, little is known about local regulation of the RAS in age-related erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM The present study aimed to assess regulation of the RAS in aging-associated ED rat model and evaluate possible options for disease management through pharmacological modulation of the RAS. METHODS Penile tissues were harvested from 3-, 12-, and 24-month-old Wistar rats. Local expression of major RAS components and ED markers was measured by RT-PCR. Protein expression of RAS components was assessed by western blot. Collagen deposition was measured by Sirius Red and immunohistochemical staining. Evaluation of collagen content was also performed in penile sections of Mas-knockout mice by Sirius Red and Masson's trichrome stainings. Finally, the effect of Ang-(1-7) pretreatment on TGF-β-induced myofibroblast activation was studied in primary cavernosal and immortalized fibroblasts. OUTCOMES Experimental results highlighted the essential role of the RAS in modulation of cavernosal fibrosis. RESULTS The present study demonstrates local expression of angiotensinogen mRNA alongside with major RAS components, which suggests local autonomous functioning of the RAS within penile tissue. Gene expression analysis revealed strong positive correlation between ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis with markers for inflammation and fibrosis. While corpus cavernosum from 24-month-old rats was characterized by increased collagen deposition, protein expression of ACE, AT1, and Mas was shown to be upregulated in the penile tissue of this group. At the same time, penile sections from Mas-knockout mice (FVB/N background) were also shown to have increased collagen deposition. Finally, it was demonstrated that Ang-(1-7) treatment of primary cavernosal and immortalized fibroblasts was able to alleviate TGF-β-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. CLINICAL TRANSLATION The present study suggests Ang-(1-7) treatment as a possible strategy for pharmacological management of fibrosis-associated ED in aging. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS The link between the RAS and penile fibrosis, indicated by a holistic screening of different ED markers, was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro data. However, results, presented in the manuscript, need to be further reinforced by human data. Important to note, the main goal of the study was to characterize RAS regulation in aging condition rather than state any causal relationships. CONCLUSION Present study characterizes RAS regulation in aging-associated ED and indicates its important role in cavernosal fibrosis. Bragina ME, Costa-Fraga F, Sturny M, et al. Characterization of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Aged Cavernosal Tissue and its Role in Penile Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2020;17:2129-2140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiia E Bragina
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Costa-Fraga
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikaël Sturny
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Babak Ebadi
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael T Ruoccolo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Ajayi AF, Akhigbe RE. The physiology of male reproduction: Impact of drugs and their abuse on male fertility. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13672. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria
| | - Roland Eghoghosoa Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories Oasis of Grace Hospital Osogbo Nigeria
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10
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Patel DP, Christensen MB, Hotaling JM, Pastuszak AW. Erectile Dysfunction and Peyronie’s Disease: Genetic Diseases? Eur Urol Focus 2020; 6:572-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Pharmacology and perspectives in erectile dysfunction in man. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 208:107493. [PMID: 31991196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Penile erection is a perfect example of microcirculation modulated by psychological factors and hormonal status. It is the result of a complex neurovascular process that involves the integrative synchronized action of vascular endothelium; smooth muscle; and psychological, neuronal, and hormonal systems. Therefore, the fine coordination of these events is essential to maintain penile flaccidity or allow erection; an alteration of these events leads to erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual activity. A great boost to this research field was given by commercialization of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Indeed, following the discovery of sildenafil, research on the mechanisms underlying penile erection has had an enormous boost, and many preclinical and clinical papers have been published in the last 10 years. This review is structured to provide an overview of the mediators and peripheral mechanism(s) involved in penile function in men, the drugs used in therapy, and the future prospective in the management of ED. Indeed, 30% of patients affected by ED are classified as "nonresponders," and there is still an unmet need for therapeutic alternatives. A flowchart suggesting the guidelines for ED evaluation and the ED pharmacological treatment is also provided.
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12
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Ismail SB, Noor NM, Hussain NHN, Sulaiman Z, Shamsudin MA, Irfan M. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Erectile Dysfunction in Hypertensive Men: A Brief Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319892735. [PMID: 31795911 PMCID: PMC6893938 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319892735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction is common in adult men, particularly those with hypertension and diabetes. The present study determines the effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs on erectile function in hypertensive male adults. For this purpose, CENTRAL and MEDLINE and reference lists of the articles were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that compared ARBs with conventional therapy or no treatment in men of any ethnicity who were presented with hypertension and/or diabetes. A total four trials that had 2,809 men were included. Three trials reported adequate random sequence allocation, two reported adequate blinding. Attrition bias is low in one of the included studies. All three studies are of low risk of selective reporting bias. There was an improvement in sexual activity with ARBs (valsartan) (mean difference (MD): 0.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.76, I2 statistic = 0%). However, the erectile functions did not increase significantly in ARBs (losartan or telmisartan) treated men as compared to control or placebo (n = 203 vs n = 232; MD: 1.36; 95% CI: -0.97 to -3.69; I2 statistic = 80%). These results suggested that ARBs significantly improved sexual activity among hypertensive men. However, the erectile function was not significantly improved in ARBs treated men as compared to the control or placebo-treated. There were limited studies available. Hence, additional studies are needed to support findings from this review. ARBs should be considered when prescribing antihypertensive drugs to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaiful Bahari Ismail
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Mohd Noor
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaharah Sulaiman
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Shamsudin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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ALTUNÖREN O, ERKEN E, GÜNGÖR Ö, YAVUZ YC. Hipertansiyon ve Erektil Disfonksiyon. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.477511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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14
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Oyeleye SI, Adefegha SA, Dada FA, Okeke BM, Oboh G. Effect of
p
‐coumaric acid on the erectogenic enzyme activities and non‐protein thiol level in the penile tissue of normal and doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress male rat. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13281. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Felix Abayomi Dada
- Science Laboratory Technology Department (Biochemistry Unit) Federal Polytechnic Ede Ede Nigeria
| | - Bathlomew Maduka Okeke
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria
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15
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Ajiboye BO, Akalabu MC, Ojo OA, Afolabi OB, Okesola MA, Olayide I, Oyinloye BE. Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of
Solanum macrocarpon
L. leaves on cholinergic, monoaminergic, and purinergic enzyme activities. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Maureen Chidima Akalabu
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Mary Abiola Okesola
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Israel Olayide
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Nutraceutical and Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences Afe Babalola University Ado‐Ekiti Nigeria
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16
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Semet M, Paci M, Saïas-Magnan J, Metzler-Guillemain C, Boissier R, Lejeune H, Perrin J. The impact of drugs on male fertility: a review. Andrology 2017. [PMID: 28622464 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by non-hormonal mechanisms, drugs may directly and indirectly induce sexual dysfunction and spermatogenesis impairment and alteration of epididymal maturation. This systematic literature review summarizes existing data about the negative impact and associations of pharmacological treatments on male fertility (excluding cytotoxic drugs), with a view to making these data more readily available for medical staff. In most cases, these effects on spermatogenesis/sperm maturation/sexual function are reversible after the discontinuation of the drug. When a reprotoxic treatment cannot be stopped and/or when the impact on semen parameters/sperm DNA is potentially irreversible (Sulfasalazine Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil and Methotrexate), the cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment must be proposed. Deleterious impacts on fertility of drugs with very good or good level of evidence (Testosterone, Sulfasalazine, Anabolic steroids, Cyproterone acetate, Opioids, Tramadol, GhRH analogues and Sartan) are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Semet
- Centre clinico-biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - M Paci
- Centre clinico-biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Marseille, France
| | - J Saïas-Magnan
- Centre clinico-biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - C Metzler-Guillemain
- Centre clinico-biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Marseille, France
| | - R Boissier
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, APHM, Conception University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - H Lejeune
- Service de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Femme Mère, Enfant, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - J Perrin
- Centre clinico-biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation - CECOS, Pole Femmes-Parents-Enfants, AP-HM La Conception, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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Chen LWH, Yin HL. A literature review of antithrombotic and anticoagulating agents on sexual function. Andrologia 2017; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. W.-H. Chen
- Graduate School of Human Sexuality; Shu-Te University; Kaohsiung City Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Kaohsiung Chang Gang Memorial Hospital; College of Medicine; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Kaohsiung City Taiwan
| | - H.-L. Yin
- Department of Clinical Forensic Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung City Taiwan
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Tee BH, Hoe SZ, Cheah SH, Lam SK. Effects of Root Extracts of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on Corpus Cavernosum of Rat. Med Princ Pract 2017; 26:258-265. [PMID: 28226311 PMCID: PMC5588405 DOI: 10.1159/000464363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the mechanisms of action of Eurycoma longifolia in rat corpus cavernosum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tincture of the roots was concentrated to dryness by evaporating the ethanol in vacuo. This ethanolic extract was partitioned into 5 fractions sequentially with hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The corpus cavernosum relaxant activity of each fraction was investigated. The DCM fraction which showed the highest potency in relaxing phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa was purified by column chromatography. The effects of the most potent DCM subfraction in relaxing phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa, DCM-I, on angiotensin I- or angiotensin II-induced contractions in corpora cavernosa were investigated. The effects of DCM-I pretreatment on the responses of phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa to angiotensin II or bradykinin were also studied. An in vitro assay was conducted to evaluate the effect of DCM-I on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. RESULTS Fraction DCM-I decreased the maximal contractions (100%) evoked by angiotensin I and angiotensin II to 30 ± 14% and 26 ± 16% (p < 0.001), respectively. In phenylephrine-precontracted corpora cavernosa, DCM-I pretreatment caused angiotensin II to induce 82 ± 27% relaxation of maximal contraction (p < 0.01) and enhanced (p < 0.001) bradykinin-induced relaxations from 47 ± 8% to 100 ± 5%. In vitro, DCM-I was able to reduce (p < 0.001) the maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity to 78 ± 0.24%. CONCLUSION Fraction DCM-I was able to antagonize angiotensin II-induced contraction to cause corpus cavernosum relaxation via inhibition of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and enhance bradykinin-induced relaxation through inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Tsouli SG, Liberopoulos EN, Kiortsis DN, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. Combined Treatment With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: A Review of the Current Evidence. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 11:1-15. [PMID: 16703216 DOI: 10.1177/107424840601100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are useful in the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic heart failure, and some types of nephropathy. In this context, dual renin-angiotensin system blockade with both angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers may be more effective than treatment with each agent alone. Many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effect of this combined treatment on proteinuria, hypertension, heart failure, and cardiovascular events. Moreover, these studies demonstrated that dual renin-angiotensin system blockade is generally safe and well tolerated. Long-term studies are under way to confirm these effects and also investigate the effectiveness of dual reninangiotensin system blockade on cerebrovascular disease and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These studies are expected to define the optimal use of combination treatment in everyday clinical practice. This review considers the most important clinical trials that evaluated the effect of dual renin-angiotensin system blockade on blood pressure, heart failure, and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia G Tsouli
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Erectile dysfunction is a common sexual disorder affecting 40% of men in the United States. However, the pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the causation of erectile dysfunction is multifactorial and not well delineated. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent studies disclose that erectile dysfunction is the result of multiple interrelated comorbid conditions that include hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, and diabetes mellitus among them. In addition to comorbid conditions, certain cardiovascular and antihypertensive drugs are also involved in the development of erectile dysfunction, with the most prominent being the thiazide type diuretics, the aldosterone receptor blockers, and the β-adrenergic receptor blockers. Also, knowledge by the patient of the drug and its action on erectile dysfunction may increase the incidence of erectile dysfunction (Hawthorn effect). Before treatment is initiated, patients should be screened for the presence of erectile dysfunction, because this condition is associated with hypertension, CAD, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and their treatment and an appropriate treatment regimen should be selected. If that fails, the addition of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors to the treatment regimen is recommended. The only exception is a patient with CAD treated with organic nitrates, in which the coadministration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors is strictly prohibited. SUMMARY Knowledge of the various comorbid conditions and their treatment associated with the development of erectile dysfunction will help the caring physician to treat his patients appropriately and safely. All these aspects will be discussed in this review.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder in man that influences the quality of life of the patient and his partner. Known risk factors for ED comprise diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension but also lifestyle modifications such as smoking, diminished physical activity as well as obesity. In this manuscript the current scientific literature about genetics and erectile dysfunction is reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search using the databank PubMed covering the topics genetics and erectile dysfunction was performed and relevant papers selected for presentation. RESULTS Several aspects of genetics and ED are described in the current literature. Association studies of candidate polymorphisms and ED risk in comparison to healthy controls is a major area of research. Another topic is the genome-wide search for candidate polymorphisms with erectile dysfunction. The paper closes with the presentation of the pharmacogenomic analysis of treatment response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. DISCUSSION The heterogeneous results of genetic association studies are possibly due to small sample sizes of the study population and/or due to ethnic differences of the analyzed populations. This underlines the need for validation of this data in larger prospective multinational multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eisenhardt
- Praxisklinik Urologie Rhein Ruhr, Schulstr. 11, 45468, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland,
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22
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Fraga‐Silva RA, Costa‐Fraga FP, Montecucco F, Sturny M, Faye Y, Mach F, Pelli G, Shenoy V, da Silva RF, Raizada MK, Santos RA, Stergiopulos N. Diminazene Protects Corpus Cavernosum Against Hypercholesterolemia‐Induced Injury. J Sex Med 2015; 12:289-302. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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23
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Shimizu S, Tsounapi P, Honda M, Dimitriadis F, Taniuchi K, Shimizu T, Inoue K, Saito M. Effect of an angiotensin II receptor blocker and a calcium channel blocker on hypertension associated penile dysfunction in a rat model. Biomed Res 2015; 35:215-21. [PMID: 24942861 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.35.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Possible effect of olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), or nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, on penile dysfunction in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was investigated in this study. Twelve-week-old male SHRs were treated with olmesartan (1 or 3 mg/kg, per orally (p.o.)) or nifedipine (30 mg/kg, p.o.) once a day for 6 weeks. Wistar rats and SHRs with vehicle treatment were used as controls. Penile cGMP and malondialdehyde concentrations, and mRNA levels of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (eNOS and nNOS) were measured. Penile function was evaluated by organ bath studies with norepinephrine-induced contractions and acetylcholine-induced relaxations. The SHR showed significantly increased blood pressure, decreased cGMP concentrations, increased malondialdehyde concentrations, decreased eNOS and nNOS mRNA levels, norepinephrine-induced hyper-contractions, and acetylcholine-induced hypo-relaxations in the penile tissue compared to the Wistar rat. Both nifedipine and olmesartan significantly decreased blood pressure, increased cGMP and normalized the hyper-contractions and hypo-relaxations observed in the SHR group. However, not nifedipine but olmesartan improved the malondialdehyde concentrations and increased mRNA levels of eNOS and nNOS in the penis. Our results indicate that the hypertension-associated penile dysfunction might be treated with ARBs such as olmesartan better than calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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24
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Fraga-Silva RA, Montecucco F, Mach F, Santos RAS, Stergiopulos N. Pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system on erectile dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:978-85. [PMID: 23909886 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been shown to play an active role within the erectile tissues. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the literature addressing the pathophysiological role of RAS on erectile function. Additionally, we update evidence on recent findings on the role of the Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor on the erectile function and its therapeutic potential for treating erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched and obtained via MEDLINE and PubMed up to November 2012. The search terms we used are 'angiotensin, erectile dysfunction, renin, Mas receptor' in combination with 'pathophysiology, fibrosis, pathways'. RESULTS The levels of angiotensin (Ang) II, the main component of this system, are increased in the corpus cavernosum as compared to those found in the systemic circulation. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that an increased activity of Ang II via AT1 receptor might contribute to the development of ED, whereas the pharmacological blockage of Ang II/AT1 actions has beneficial effects on the erection. On the other hand, the heptapeptide Ang-(1-7), known as a major endogenous counter-regulator of Ang II actions, favours penile erection via the activation of Mas receptor. CONCLUSIONS Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor pathway might be considered as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of ED.
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25
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Fraga-Silva RA, Costa-Fraga FP, Savergnini SQ, De Sousa FB, Montecucco F, da Silva D, Sinisterra RD, Mach F, Stergiopulos N, da Silva RF, Santos RAS. An oral formulation of angiotensin-(1-7) reverses corpus cavernosum damages induced by hypercholesterolemia. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2430-42. [PMID: 23890028 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin angiotensin system plays a crucial role in erectile function. It has been shown that elevated angiotensin-II levels contribute to the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). Oppositely, angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) mediates penile erection by activation of receptor Mas. Recently, we have developed a formulation based on Ang-(1-7) inclusion in cyclodextrin (CyD) [Ang-(1-7)-CyD], which allows for the oral administration of Ang-(1-7). AIM In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic treatment with Ang-(1-7)-CyD on penile fibrosis, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic mice. METHODS Apolipoprotein(Apo)E-/- mice fed a Western-type diet for 11 weeks received Ang-(1-7)-CyD or vehicle during the final 3 weeks. Collagen content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within the corpus cavernosum were evaluated by Sirius red and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) subunits (p67-phox and p22-phox), and AT1 and Mas receptors in the penis was assessed by Western blotting. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured by Griess assay in the mice serum. Cavernosal strips were mounted in an isometric organ bath to evaluate the endothelial function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effect of Ang-(1-7)-CyD treatment on penile fibrosis, oxidative stress, and endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia-induced ED. RESULTS Ang-(1-7)-CyD treatment reduced collagen content in the corpus cavernosum of ApoE-/- mice. This effect was associated with an attenuation of ROS production and a diminished expression of NADPH. Furthermore, Ang-(1-7)-CyD treatment augmented the expression of nNOS and eNOS in the penis and elevated vascular NO production. Importantly, these effects were accompanied by an improvement in cavernosal endothelial function. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with Ang-(1-7)-CyD reduces penile fibrosis associated with attenuation of oxidative stress. Additionally, cavernosal endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic mice was markedly improved. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7)-CyD might have significant therapeutic benefits for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Labazi H, Wynne BM, Tostes R, Webb RC. Metformin treatment improves erectile function in an angiotensin II model of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10:2154-64. [PMID: 23889981 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased angiotensin II (AngII) levels cause hypertension, which is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). Studies have demonstrated that increased AngII levels in penile tissue are associated with ED. A recent study showed that metformin treatment restored nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein expression in penile tissue in obese rats; however, whether metformin treatment can be beneficial and restore erectile function in a model of ED has not yet been established. AIM The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that AngII induces ED by means of increased corpus cavernosum contraction, and that metformin treatment will reverse ED in AngII-treated rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with mini-osmotic pumps containing saline or AngII (70 ng/minute, 28 days). Animals were then treated with metformin or vehicle during the last week of AngII infusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracavernosal pressure; corpus cavernosum contraction and relaxation; nNOS protein expression; extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and eNOS protein expression and phosphorylation. RESULTS AngII-induced ED was accompanied with an increase in corpus cavernosum contractility, decreased nitrergic relaxation, and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Metformin treatment improved erectile function in the AngII-treated rats by reversing the increased contraction and decreased relaxation. Metformin treatment also resulted in an increase in eNOS phosphorylation at ser1177. CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment increased eNOS phosphorylation and improved erectile function in AngII hypertensive rats by reestablishing normal cavernosal smooth muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Labazi
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Physiology Department, Augusta, GA, USA
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Ertemi H, Lau DH, Mikhailidis DP, Mumtaz FH, Thompson CS. Angiotensin II Increases Corpus Cavernosal Contractility and Oxidative Stress in Partial Bladder Outlet Obstructed Rabbits: Relevance to Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10:1251-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bivalacqua TJ, Usta MF, Champion HC, Kadowitz PJ, Hellstrom WJG. Endothelial Dysfunction in Erectile Dysfunction: Role of the Endothelium in Erectile Physiology and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:S17-37. [PMID: 14581492 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb02743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Zhang T, Li WL, He XF, Wu ZY, Liu LH, He SH, Wei AY. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and erectile dysfunction risk: a meta-analysis. Andrology 2012; 1:274-80. [PMID: 23413140 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zhang
- Department of Urology; Medical Center for Overseas Patients; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - W. L. Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecolog; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - X. F. He
- Information Section; Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College; Changzhi; Shanxi; China
| | - Z. Y. Wu
- Department of Urology; Medical Center for Overseas Patients; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - L. H. Liu
- Department of Urology; Medical Center for Overseas Patients; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - S. H. He
- Department of Urology; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
| | - A. Y. Wei
- Department of Urology; Medical Center for Overseas Patients; Nanfang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou; Guangdong; China
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanchan Chitaley
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Lee JH, Chae MR, Park JK, Jeon JH, Lee SW. The effects of the combined use of a PDE5 inhibitor and medications for hypertension, lower urinary tract symptoms and dyslipidemia on corporal tissue tone. Int J Impot Res 2012; 24:221-7. [PMID: 22763627 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ED is closely associated with its comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)). Therefore, several drugs have been prescribed simultaneously with PDE5 inhibitors. If a specific medication for ED comorbidities has enhancing effects on PDE5 inhibitors, it offers alternative combination therapy in nonresponders to monotherapy with PDE5 inhibitors and allows clinicians to treat ED and its comorbidities simultaneously. To establish theoretical basis of choosing an appropriate medication for ED and concomitant disease, we examined the effects combining a PDE5 inhibitor with representative drugs for hypertension, dyslipidemia and LUTS on relaxing the corpus cavernosum of rabbits using the organ-bath technique. The effect of mirodenafil on relaxing phenylephrine-induced cavernosal contractions was significantly enhanced by the presence of 10(-4) M losartan, 10(-6) M nifedipine, 10(-6) M amlodipine, 10(-7) M doxazosin and 10(-9) M tamsulosin (P<0.05). The maximum relaxation effects were 47.2±3.8%, 57.6±2.6%, 64.0±3.7%, 76.1±5.7% and 71.7±5.4%, respectively. Enalapril and simvastatin had no enhancing effects. The relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside alone (39.0±4.0%) was significantly enhanced in the presence of the 10(-4) M losartan (66.0±6.0%, P<0.05). Tetraethylammonium (1 mM) significantly inhibited the enhancement effects of tamsulosin and doxazosin on mirodenafil-induced relaxation (doxazosin: 76.1±5.7% vs 45.3±2.3%; tamsulosin: 71.7±5.4% vs 48.1±3.5%). On the basis of these findings, losartan seemed to induce synergistic effects through an interaction with nitric oxide. In addition, K(+) channel activation could be one of the mechanisms for the synergistic effect of combining mirodenafil with doxazosin or tamsulosin. We believe that the combination of a PDE5 inhibitor with losartan, nifedipine, amlodipine, doxazosin or tamsulosin could be a pharmacologic strategy for simultaneously treating ED and its comorbidities and increasing response rates to PDE5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Genitourinary Disease Oriented Translational Research, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Erectile dysfunction is recognized as a quality-of-life disorder that needs to be treated. Currently, it is estimated to affect as many as 30 million American men. Thirty percent of hypertensive patients complain of erectile dysfunction. The understanding of common mechanisms involved in the cause of erectile dysfunction associated with hypertension, and the investigation of antihypertensive drugs that impact erectile dysfunction, will provide important tools toward identifying new therapeutic targets that will improve the quality of life for patients in these conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension and erectile dysfunction are closely intertwined diseases, which have endothelial dysfunction as a common base. During hypertension and/or erectile dysfunction, disturbance of endothelium-derived factors can lead to an increase in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contraction. Hypertension can lead to erectile dysfunction as a consequence of high blood pressure (BP) or due to antihypertensive treatment. However, growing evidence suggests erectile dysfunction is an early sign for hypertension. Also, some phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors used to treat erectile dysfunction can improve BP, but the link between these conditions has not been totally understood. SUMMARY This review will discuss the interplay between hypertension and erectile dysfunction, exploring newest insights regarding hypertension-associated erectile dysfunction, as well as the effect of antihypertensive drugs in erectile dysfunction patients.
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Local renin–angiotensin systems in the genitourinary tract. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:13-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Andersen ML, Guindalini C, Tufik S. Genetics of Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of the Interface between Sex and Molecular Biomarkers. J Sex Med 2011; 8:3030-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The promise of inhibition of smooth muscle tone as a treatment for erectile dysfunction: where are we now? Int J Impot Res 2011; 24:49-60. [PMID: 21975566 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ten years ago, the inhibition of Rho kinase by intracavernosal injection of Y-27632 was found to induce an erectile response. This effect did not require activation of nitric oxide-mediated signaling, introducing a novel target pathway for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), with potential added benefit in cases where nitric oxide bioavailability is attenuated (and thus phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are less efficacious). Rho-kinase antagonists are currently being developed and tested for a wide range of potential uses. The inhibition of this calcium-sensitizing pathway results in blood vessel relaxation. It is also possible that blockade of additional smooth muscle contractile signaling mechanisms may have the same effect. In this review, we conducted an extensive search of pertinent literature using PUBMED. We have outlined the various pathways involved in the maintenance of penile smooth muscle tone and discussed the current potential benefit for the pharmacological inhibition of these targets for the treatment of ED.
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Karavitakis M, Komninos C, Theodorakis PN, Politis V, Lefakis G, Mitsios K, Koritsiadis S, Doumanis G. Evaluation of Sexual Function in Hypertensive Men Receiving Treatment: A Review of Current Guidelines Recommendation. J Sex Med 2011; 8:2405-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Andersson KE. Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:811-59. [PMID: 21880989 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is basically a spinal reflex that can be initiated by recruitment of penile afferents, both autonomic and somatic, and supraspinal influences from visual, olfactory, and imaginary stimuli. Several central transmitters are involved in the erectile control. Dopamine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO), and peptides, such as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin/α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, have a facilitatory role, whereas serotonin may be either facilitatory or inhibitory, and enkephalins are inhibitory. The balance between contractant and relaxant factors controls the degree of contraction of the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa (CC) and determines the functional state of the penis. Noradrenaline contracts both CC and penile vessels via stimulation of α₁-adrenoceptors. Neurogenic NO is considered the most important factor for relaxation of penile vessels and CC. The role of other mediators, released from nerves or endothelium, has not been definitely established. Erectile dysfunction (ED), defined as the "inability to achieve or maintain an erection adequate for sexual satisfaction," may have multiple causes and can be classified as psychogenic, vasculogenic or organic, neurologic, and endocrinologic. Many patients with ED respond well to the pharmacological treatments that are currently available, but there are still groups of patients in whom the response is unsatisfactory. The drugs used are able to substitute, partially or completely, the malfunctioning endogenous mechanisms that control penile erection. Most drugs have a direct action on penile tissue facilitating penile smooth muscle relaxation, including oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors and intracavernosal injections of prostaglandin E₁. Irrespective of the underlying cause, these drugs are effective in the majority of cases. Drugs with a central site of action have so far not been very successful. There is a need for therapeutic alternatives. This requires identification of new therapeutic targets and design of new approaches. Research in the field is expanding, and several promising new targets for future drugs have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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MacKenzie LD, Heaton JPW, Adams MA. Impact of systemically active neurohumoral factors on the erectile response of the rat. J Sex Med 2011; 8:2461-71. [PMID: 21707927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and specific regulation of penile blood flow are the primary determinants of an erection. While this concept is well recognized, the differential relationship between systemically acting vasoactive factors on arterial pressure and erectile responses is not well described. AIM The aim of this study was to determine how the modification of systemic levels of neurohumoral factors impacts on the magnitude and efficiency of the erectile response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures for this study are changes in MAP and intracavernosal pressure (ICP) following electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. METHODS Anesthetized adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were catheterized for measuring MAP (carotid), ICP, and drug administration (vena cava). Erections were induced via cavernous nerve electrostimulation. Vasoactive drug infusions were used to produce changes in MAP levels including: hexamethonium, angiotensin II (ANGII)±hexamethonium, methoxamine±hexamethonium, losartan, MAHMA NONOate, and terbutaline. RESULTS In general, ICP and MAP were linearly correlated regardless of treatment. Hexamethonium markedly dropped MAP and proportionately decreased the magnitude of the erectile response. ANGII or methoxamine given to hexamethonium-pretreated or untreated rats increased MAP similarly, but produced contrasting effects on erectile responses. ANGII-induced pressor responses were associated with increased erectile responses whereas all methoxamine treatments markedly decreased erectile responses. Depressor changes with losartan or terbutaline, but not MAHMA NONOate, also impacted negatively on the efficiency of the erectile responses at lower arterial pressures. CONCLUSIONS In general, the magnitude of the erectile responses was found to be dependent upon the level of MAP, although the mechanism by which arterial pressure was changed impacted substantially on the characteristics of the relationship. The major finding was that circulation-wide α-adrenoceptor stimulation was extremely deleterious to erectile responses whereas global stimulation of ANG II receptors was actually proerectile. Overall, the results indicate that neurohumoral specificity in systemic hemodynamic control is also critical in establishing the optimal erectile environment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Ertemi H, Mumtaz FH, Howie AJ, Mikhailidis DP, Thompson CS. Effect of Angiotensin II and its Receptor Antagonists on Human Corpus Cavernous Contractility and Oxidative Stress: Modulation of Nitric Oxide Mediated Relaxation. J Urol 2011; 185:2414-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hani Ertemi
- Division of Interventional Science, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and General Surgery, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Enfield, United Kingdom
| | - Faiz H. Mumtaz
- Department of Urology, Chase Farm Hospital, Enfield, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. Howie
- Department of Pathology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Enfield, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Division of Interventional Science, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and General Surgery, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Enfield, United Kingdom
| | - Cecil S. Thompson
- Division of Interventional Science, Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and General Surgery, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Enfield, United Kingdom
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Baumhäkel M, Schlimmer N, Kratz M, Hackett G, Jackson G, Böhm M. Cardiovascular risk, drugs and erectile function--a systematic analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:289-98. [PMID: 21314866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Erectile dysfunction is a major problem with an increasing prevalence in cardiovascular high-risk patients due to its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Drugs used for evidence-based treatment of cardiovascular diseases have been reported to decrease erectile function, but possible mechanisms are poorly characterised. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Registry search were performed including manuscripts until January 2010. Searching terms are: 'erectile dysfunction or impotence' in combination with 'ACE-inhibitors', 'angiotensin', 'beta-blockers', 'calcium antagonist' and 'diuretics'. Animal studies, letters, reviews, case-reports and manuscripts other than English language and trials dealing with combination treatment are excluded. RESULTS Analysis of literature revealed five epidemiological trials evaluating the effect of different cardiovascular drugs on erectile function. There were eight trials evaluating the effect of beta-blockers, five trials evaluating the effect of ace-inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor-blockers and one trial evaluating the effect of diuretics on erectile function. Results of these trials demonstrate that only thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers except nebivolol may adversely influence erectile function. ACE-inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor-blockers and calcium-channel-blockers are reported to have no relevant or even a positive effect on erectile function. CONCLUSION Inappropriate patients' concerns about adverse effects of cardiovascular drugs on erectile function might limit the use of important medications in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Knowledge about the effects of drug-treatments on erectile function and about the major role of the endothelium in penile function might improve patients' adherence to evidence based treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baumhäkel
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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Eisenhardt A, Stief C, Porst H, Wetterauer U, Weidner W, Rübben H, Sperling H. Genetic association study of the GNB3 C825T, the ACE I/D and the eNOS G894T polymorphisms and the risk to develop erectile dysfunction in a German ED population. Andrologia 2010; 42:218-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Gratzke C, Angulo J, Chitaley K, Dai YT, Kim NN, Paick JS, Simonsen U, Uckert S, Wespes E, Andersson KE, Lue TF, Stief CG. Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010; 7:445-75. [PMID: 20092448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant scientific advances during the past 3 decades have deepened our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of penile erection. A critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge is essential to provide perspective for future research and development of new therapies. AIM To develop an evidence-based, state-of-the-art consensus report on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS Consensus process over a period of 16 months, representing the opinions of 12 experts from seven countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Expert opinion was based on the grading of scientific and evidence-based medical literature, internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. RESULTS ED occurs from multifaceted, complex mechanisms that can involve disruptions in neural, vascular, and hormonal signaling. Research on central neural regulation of penile erection is progressing rapidly with the identification of key neurotransmitters and the association of neural structures with both spinal and supraspinal pathways that regulate sexual function. In parallel to advances in cardiovascular physiology, the most extensive efforts in the physiology of penile erection have focused on elucidating mechanisms that regulate the functions of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum. Major health concerns such as atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become well integrated into the investigation of ED. CONCLUSIONS Despite the efficacy of current therapies, they remain insufficient to address growing patient populations, such as those with diabetes and MetS. In addition, increasing awareness of the adverse side effects of commonly prescribed medications on sexual function provides a rationale for developing new treatment strategies that minimize the likelihood of causing sexual dysfunction. Many basic questions with regard to erectile function remain unanswered and further laboratory and clinical studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Erektile Dysfunktion: Indikator für Endorganschädigung beim kardiovaskulären Patienten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 104:309-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00063-009-1051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eisenhardt A, Rübben H, Sperling H. Einzelbasenpaarpolymorphismen und erektile Dysfunktion. Urologe A 2008; 47:1579-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-008-1800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gur S, Kadowitz PJ, Hellstrom WJG. A review of current progress in gene and stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1521-38. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.10.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Lin CS, Xin ZC, Wang Z, Lin G, Lue TF. Molecular Yin and Yang of erectile function and dysfunction. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:433-40. [PMID: 18385905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction (ED); for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules (e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide) and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors (e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G), branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shwun Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Jin L, Lagoda G, Leite R, Webb RC, Burnett AL. NADPH Oxidase Activation: A Mechanism of Hypertension-Associated Erectile Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2008; 5:544-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mazo EB, Gamidov SI, Mamedov MN, Iremashvili VV. Association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and erectile dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Int J Impot Res 2007; 20:68-72. [PMID: 17673929 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Russian men with metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 331 men with MS were studied. All patients underwent complex evaluation including the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. The ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 182 men (55.0%) had ED according to the IIEF erectile function domain score. In the ED group, the prevalence of DD genotype was found to be significantly higher compared to the non-ED group (P<0.001). In both groups, patients with DD genotype were significantly younger than patients with other genotypes (P<0.001). In addition, in the ED group, the disease affected patients with DD genotype at a significantly younger age (P<0.001). Obtained results give evidence to support the finding that the D allele is a risk factor for the micro- and macrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Mazo
- Department of Urology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Breigeiron MK, Lucion AB, Sanvitto GL. Effects of renovascular hypertension on reproductive function in male rats. Life Sci 2007; 80:1627-34. [PMID: 17316702 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effects of renovascular hypertension (2K/1C model) on the reproductive function of male rats, represented by sexual behavior, plasma prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone, and spermatogenesis. METHODS The present experiments were performed to investigate the reproductive function of 2K/1C male Wistar rats and compare with 2K/1C male rats successfully treated for hypertension with nifedipine and was divided in the following groups: (1) Sham+V (n=10): Sham-operated males with vehicle used; (2) Sham+N (n=13): Sham-operated males treated with nifedipine (10 mg/kg/day); (3) 2K/1C+V (n=14): 2K/1C-operated males with vehicle used; and (4) 2K/1C+N (n=16): 2K/1C-operated males treated with nifedipine. RESULTS The data indicated an association between hypertension induced by the 2K/1C model and reduction of reproductive function, as demonstrated by an impairment of sexual behavior, higher plasma PRL and lower plasma testosterone and FSH. The treatment with nifedipine prevented the reduction of sexual behavior and the increase of plasma PRL, but did not alter the reduction of plasma testosterone and FSH and spermatogenesis of 2K/1C rats. CONCLUSIONS Reproductive function is adversely affected in the 2K/1C animal model, and high blood pressure plays a role in the modulation of plasma PRL and sexual behavior. Moreover, other events, without high blood pressure, but with high plasma renin activity associated with the 2K/1C model, contribute directly to the reduction of plasma testosterone and FSH and impaired spermatogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood
- Hypertension, Renovascular/complications
- Hypertension, Renovascular/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Renovascular/physiopathology
- Infertility, Male/blood
- Infertility, Male/drug therapy
- Infertility, Male/etiology
- Infertility, Male/physiopathology
- Luteinizing Hormone/blood
- Male
- Nifedipine/therapeutic use
- Prolactin/blood
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reproduction/drug effects
- Reproduction/physiology
- Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Spermatogenesis/drug effects
- Spermatogenesis/physiology
- Testosterone/blood
- Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Koja Breigeiron
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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