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Justo I, Caso O, Marcacuzco A, Rodríguez-Gil Y, Jiménez-Romero C. Hernia Correction After Liver Transplantation Using Nonvascularized Fascia. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1662. [PMID: 38911273 PMCID: PMC11191961 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver transplantation is an increasingly frequent surgical procedure, with elevated rates of postoperative incisional hernias ranging from 5% to 46%. There are numerous known risk factors for incisional hernia, including the type of incision, patient sex, and presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, ascites, older age, and the use of steroids. Most studies on the treatment of incisional hernias in patients who have undergone liver transplantation have shown consistently high rates of complications. Consequently, we propose the use of nonvascular fascia for the symptomatic treatment of incisional hernias in patients with concomitant liver transplantation. Methods We performed our new technique on 8 patients, who had previously undergone liver transplantation, between January 2019 and January 2023. The patients were examined using imaging techniques during the follow-up period. Results Of the 8 patients, 7 were liver transplant recipients and 1 was a combined liver-kidney transplant patient. The median donor age was 57 y (5-66 y), whereas the mean recipient age was 58 y (31-66 y). The median patient height and weight were 163 cm (117-185 cm) and 76 kg (17-104 kg), respectively. Immunosuppression did not change in fascia recipients. The median time between transplantation and hernia repair surgery was 41 mo (5-116 mo). The sizes of the aponeurotic defects varied from 6 × 6 to 25 × 20 cm. Two patients experienced complications: one experienced bulging that required reintervention and the other experienced surgical site seroma. There was no mortality related to the use of the technique, and none were reported during follow-up. Conclusions With its promising results, nonvascularized fascial transplantation can be a successful treatment for incisional hernias in patients who had previously received a liver transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Justo
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Caso
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Gil
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Romero
- Unit of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Van Dieren L, Tawa P, Coppens M, Naenen L, Dogan O, Quisenaerts T, Lancia HH, Oubari H, Dabi Y, De Fré M, Thiessen Ef F, Cetrulo CL, Lellouch AG. Acute Rejection Rates in Vascularized Composite Allografts: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. J Surg Res 2024; 298:137-148. [PMID: 38603944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vascularized Composite Allografts (VCA) are usually performed in a full major histocompatibility complex mismatch setting, with a risk of acute rejection depending on factors such as the type of immunosuppression therapy and the quality of graft preservation. In this systematic review, we present the different immunosuppression protocols used in VCA and point out relationships between acute rejection rates and possible factors that might influence it. METHODS This systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We systematically searched Medline (PubMed), Embase, and The Cochrane Library between November 2022 and February 2023, using following Mesh Terms: Transplant, Transplantation, Hand, Face, Uterus, Penis, Abdominal Wall, Larynx, and Composite Tissue Allografts. All VCA case reports and reviews describing multiple case reports were included. RESULTS We discovered 211 VCA cases reported. The preferred treatment was a combination of antithymocyte globulins, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus, and steroids; and a combination of MMF, tacrolimus, and steroids for induction and maintenance treatment, respectively. Burn patients showed a higher acute rejection rate (P = 0.073) and were administered higher MMF doses (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous statements, the field of VCA is not rapidly evolving, as it has encountered challenges in addressing immune-related concerns. This is highlighted by the absence of a standardized immunosuppression regimen. Consequently, more substantial data are required to draw more conclusive results regarding the immunogenicity of VCAs and the potential superiority of one immunosuppressive treatment over another. Future efforts should be made to report the VCA surgeries comprehensively, and muti-institutional long-term prospective follow-up studies should be performed to compare the number of acute rejections with influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Van Dieren
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Tawa
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marie Coppens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Naenen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Omer Dogan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Hyshem H Lancia
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haïzam Oubari
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohann Dabi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Sorbonne University, Tenon Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Maxime De Fré
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Thiessen Ef
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Curtis L Cetrulo
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandre G Lellouch
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Shriners Hospitals for Children-Boston, Boston, Massachusetts.
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3
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Muylle E, Maes A, De Hertogh G, Van De Winkel N, Kerckhofs G, Dubois A, Vandecaveye V, Thorrez L, Hennion I, Emonds MP, Pans S, Deferm NP, Monbaliu D, Canovai E, Vanuytsel T, Pirenne J, Ceulemans LJ. Multilevel Analysis of the Neovascularization and Integration Process of a Nonvascularized Rectus Fascia Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1624. [PMID: 38757048 PMCID: PMC11098214 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Failure to close the abdominal wall after intestinal transplantation (ITx) or multivisceral Tx remains a surgical challenge. An attractive method is the use of nonvascularized rectus fascia (NVRF) in which both layers of the donor abdominal rectus fascia are used as an inlay patch without vascular anastomosis. How this graft integrates over time remains unknown. The study aims to provide a multilevel analysis of the neovascularization and integration process of the NVRF. Methods Three NVRF-Tx were performed after ITx. Clinical, radiological, histological, and immunological data were analyzed to get insights into the neovascularization and integration process of the NVRF. Moreover, cryogenic contrast-enhanced microfocus computed tomography (microCT) analysis was used for detailed reconstruction of the vasculature in and around the NVRF (3-dimensional histology). Results Two men (31- and 51-y-old) and 1 woman (49-y-old) underwent 2 multivisceral Tx and 1 combined liver-ITx, respectively. A CT scan showed contrast enhancement around the fascia graft at 5 days post-Tx. At 6 weeks, newly formed blood vessels were visualized around the graft with Doppler ultrasound. Biopsies at 2 weeks post-Tx revealed inflammation around the NVRF and early fibrosis. At 6 months, classical 2-dimensional histological analysis of a biopsy confirmed integration of the fascia graft with strong fibrotic reaction without signs of rejection. A cryogenic contrast-enhanced microCT scan of the same biopsy revealed the presence of microvasculature, enveloping and penetrating the donor fascia. Conclusions We showed clinical, histological, and microCT evidence of the neovascularization and integration process of the NVRF after Tx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewout Muylle
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Maes
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Unit of Translational Cell- and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Van De Winkel
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Unit of Urogenital, Abdominal and Plastic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antoine Dubois
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vandecaveye
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational MRI Unit, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, KULAK campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ina Hennion
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, KULAK campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Emonds
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Steven Pans
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Sint-Franciscusziekenhuis, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium
| | - Nathalie P. Deferm
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Sint-Franciscusziekenhuis, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilio Canovai
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Muylle E, Van De Winkel N, Hennion I, Dubois A, Thorrez L, Deferm NP, Pirenne J, Ceulemans LJ. Abdominal Wall Closure in Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: A State-Of-The-Art Review of Vascularized Abdominal Wall and Nonvascularized Rectus Fascia Transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2024; 53:265-279. [PMID: 38719377 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Failure to close the abdomen after intestinal or multivisceral transplantation (Tx) remains a frequently occurring problem. Two attractive reconstruction methods, especially in large abdominal wall defects, are full-thickness abdominal wall vascularized composite allograft (AW-VCA) and nonvascularized rectus fascia (NVRF) Tx. This review compares surgical technique, immunology, integration, clinical experience, and indications of both techniques. In AW-VCA Tx, vascular anastomosis is required and the graft undergoes hypotrophy post-Tx. Furthermore, it has immunologic benefits and good clinical outcome. NVRF Tx is an easy technique without the need for vascular anastomosis. Moreover, a rapid integration and neovascularization occurs with excellent clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewout Muylle
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Van De Winkel
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Unit of Urogenital, Abdominal and Plastic Surgery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Hennion
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, KULAK Campus Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, bus 7711, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Antoine Dubois
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, bus 708, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, KULAK Campus Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, bus 7711, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Nathalie P Deferm
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Sint-Franciscushospital, Pastoor Paquaylaan 129, 3550 Heusden-Zolder, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49, bus 708, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT) Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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5
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Gondolesi GE. History of clinical intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110788. [PMID: 38519405 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The intestines have been considered the "forbidden organ" for years, and intestinal failure became the last organ failure recognized as such in the medical field. The impossibility of providing adequate nutritional support, turned these patients into recipients of just palliative comfort. In the 1960's, parenteral nutrition appeared as the most reasonable replacement therapy, but the initial success obtained with clinical kidney, heart, liver, lung and pancreas transplantation served as background to explore intestinal transplantation. The first clinical report of an isolated intestinal transplant was done by Richard Lillihei in 1967; in 1983, Thomas Starzl, performed the first multi visceral transplant, and in 1990, David Grant performed the first combined liver-intestinal transplant in an adult recipient in Canada. Since then, advances in immunosuppressive therapies and surgical innovations have allowed not only a continuous increase in indications, but also a worldwide application of all procedures, bringing clinical intestinal transplantation to reality. In this historical account, the most important contributions have been summarized, thus describing the steady progress, expansion and novelties developed over the last 56 years, since the first attempt. Clinical intestinal transplantation remains a complex and evolving field; ongoing research and technological advancements will continue shaping its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Gondolesi
- Chief of General Surgery, Chief of Liver, Intestine and Pancreas Transplant, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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6
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Abreu P, Manzi J, Vianna R. Innovative surgical techniques in the intestine and multivisceral transplant. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:88-96. [PMID: 37902277 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This timely review delves into the evolution of multivisceral transplantation (MVT) over the past six decades underscoring how advancements in surgical techniques and immunosuppression have driven transformation, to provide insight into the historical development of MVT, shedding light on its journey from experimentation to a valuable clinical approach. RECENT FINDINGS The review presents contemporary enhancements in surgical methods within the context of intestinal transplantation. The versatility of MVT is emphasized, accommodating diverse organ combinations and techniques. Both isolated intestinal transplantation (IIT) and MVT have seen expanded indications, driven by improved parenteral nutrition, transplantation outcomes, and surgical innovations. Surgical techniques are tailored based on graft type, with various approaches for isolated transplantation. Preservation strategies and ostomy techniques are also covered, along with graft assessment advancements involving donor-specific antibodies. SUMMARY This review's findings underscore the remarkable evolution of MVT from experimental origins to a comprehensive clinical practice. The progress in surgical techniques and immunosuppression has broadened the spectrum of patients who can benefit from intestinal transplant, including both IIT and MVT. The expansion of indications offers hope to patients with complex gastrointestinal disorders. The detection of donor-specific antibodies in graft assessment advances diagnostic accuracy, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipe Abreu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami Transplant Institute, Florida, USA
| | - Joao Manzi
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami Transplant Institute, Florida, USA
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Vianna
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami Transplant Institute, Florida, USA
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7
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Kuo YR, Chen YH, Yeh YS, Chang CW, Li CC, Cai TY, Chang HC, Chang YT. Heterotopic intestine and abdominal wall transplantation in a miniature swine: A model for graft immunology. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:1129-1134. [PMID: 37573495 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to accurately monitor graft immunology, we have developed a method for performing intestine and abdominal wall transplantation heterotopically in miniature swine. The procedure consisted of simultaneous segmental terminal ileum and full-thickness abdominal wall transplantation in Lanyu miniature swine, with the intestinal and the abdominal wall grafts being placed on the recipient's bilateral rear flank. Five transplantations were technically successful. One animal died on the first post-transplant day due to anesthesia-related issues, three abdominal wall and four intestinal grafts survived, while one abdominal wall graft failed due to vascular thrombosis. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) of the intestinal graft could occur preceding, simultaneously with or following ACR of the abdominal wall graft. Our experimental model demonstrates the technical feasibility of heterotopic intestine and abdominal wall transplantation in miniature swine without grafting in gastrointestinal continuity. This model could be suitable for further studies of graft immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yur-Ren Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wei Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Cai
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ching Chang
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medical School, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Long-segment tracheal airway defects may be congenital or result from burns, trauma, iatrogenic intubation damage, or tumor invasion. Although airway defects <6 cm in length may be reconstructed using existing end-to-end reconstructive techniques, defects >6 cm continue to challenge surgeons worldwide. The reconstruction of long-segment tracheal defects has long been a reconstructive dilemma, and these defects are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many of these defects are not compatible with life or require a permanent extended-length tracheostomy that is fraught with complications including mucus plugging and tracheoesophageal fistula. Extensive circumferential tracheal defects require a reconstructive technique that provides a rigid structure able to withstand the inspiratory pressures, a structure that will biologically integrate, and contain functional ciliated epithelium to allow for normal mucociliary clearance. Tracheal transplantation has been considered the reconstructive "Holy Grail;" however, there has been a long-held scientific dogma that revascularization of the trachea was not possible. This dogma stifled research to achieve single-staged vascularized tracheal transplantation and prompted the introduction of many creative and inventive alternatives. Throughout history, alloplastic material, nonvascularized allografts, and homografts have been used to address this dilemma. However, these techniques have largely been unsuccessful. The recent introduction of a technique for single-staged vascularized tracheal transplantation may offer a solution to this dilemma and potentially a solution to management of the fatal tracheoesophageal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Genden
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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9
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Maklad M, Mazariegos G, Ganoza A. Pediatric intestine and multivisceral transplant. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2023; 28:316-325. [PMID: 37418582 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation (ITx, MVTx) is the cornerstone in treatment of irreversible intestinal failure (IF) and complications related to parenteral nutrition. This review aims to highlight the unique aspects of the subject in pediatrics. RECENT FINDINGS Etiology of intestinal failure (IF) in children shares some similarity with adults but several unique considerations when being evaluated for transplantation will be discussed. Owing to significant advancement in IF management and home parenteral nutrition (PN), indication criteria for pediatric transplantation continues to be updated. Outcomes have continued to improve with current long-term patient and graft survival in multicenter registry reports reported at 66.1% and 48.8% at 5 years, respectively. Pediatric specific surgical challenges such abdominal closure, post transplantation outcomes, and quality of life are discussed in this review. SUMMARY ITx and MVTx remain lifesaving treatment for many children with IF. However long-term graft function is still a major challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Maklad
- Hillman Center for Pediatric Transplantation, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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A Systematic Review of the Reported Complications Related to Facial and Upper Extremity Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. J Surg Res 2023; 281:164-175. [PMID: 36162189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twenty three years after the first successful upper extremity transplantation, the role of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) in the world of transplantation remains controversial. Face and upper extremity reconstruction via transplantation have become successful options for highly selected patients with severe tissue and functional deficit when conventional reconstructive options are no longer available. Despite clear benefit in these situations, VCA has a significant potential for complications that are more frequent when compared to visceral organ transplantation. This study intended to perform an updated systematic review on such complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE database via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched. Face and upper extremity VCA performed between 1998 and 2021 were included in the study. Relevant media and press conferences reports were also included. Complications related to face and upper extremity VCA were recorded and reviewed including their clinical characteristics and complications. RESULTS One hundred fifteen patients underwent facial (43%) or upper extremity (57%) transplantation. Overall, the surgical complication rate was 23%. Acute and chronic rejection was identified in 89% and 11% of patients, respectively. Fifty eight percent of patients experienced opportunistic infection. Impaired glucose metabolism was the most common immunosuppression-related complication other than infection. Nineteen percent of patients ultimately experienced partial or complete allograft loss. CONCLUSIONS Complications related to VCA are a significant source of morbidity and potential mortality. Incidence of such complications is higher than previously reported and should be strongly emphasized in patient consent process. Strict patient selection criteria, complex preoperative evaluation, consideration of alternatives, and thorough disclosure to patients should be routinely performed prior to VCA indication.
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Justo I, Fernández C, Caso Ó, Marcacuzco A, Manrique A, Calvo J, García-Sesma Á, Rivas C, Cambra F, Loinaz C, Jiménez-Romero C. Modifications in Abdominal Wall Graft Retrieval: When the Donor Closure Is Not Guaranteed. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:2422-2426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Achieving abdominal wall closure after intestinal transplantation (ITx) is one of the crucial surgical challenges. This problem is present in 25-50% of all transplants due to reduction in abdominal domain, fistulae and extensive adhesions due to previous surgeries. Failure to achieve closure is an independent risk factor for mortality and graft loss. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current options to achieve this. RECENT FINDINGS Successful closure of the abdomen requires a tension-free repair. Primary closure of the fascia can be reinforced with synthetic or biological mesh. For more complex fascial defects bridging mesh, nonvascularised or vascularised rectus fascia can be utilised. If all components of the abdominal wall are affected, then a full-thickness abdominal wall transplantation may be necessary. SUMMARY A variety of successful techniques have been described by different groups to enable abdominal wall closure after ITx. Emerging developments in preoperative imaging, reconstructive surgery and immunology have expanded the surgical toolkit available. Crucial is a tailor-made approach whereby patients with expected closure issues are identified prior to surgery and the simplest technique is chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irum Amin
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Molino JA, Hidalgo E, Quintero J, Coma A, Ortega J, Juamperez J, Mercadal-Hally M, Riera L, Riaza L, Bilbao I, Dopazo C, Caralt M, Pando E, Gómez-Gavara C, Charco R. Delayed sequential abdominal wall closure in pediatric liver transplantation to overcome "large for size" scenarios. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14132. [PMID: 34472687 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is neither always possible nor advisable, given the graft-recipient size discrepancy and its potential large-for-size scenario. Our objective was to report the experience accumulated with delayed sequential closure (DSC) guided by Doppler ultrasound control. METHODS Retrospective analysis of DSC performed from 2013 to March 2020. RESULTS Twenty-seven DSC (26.5%) were identified out of 102 PLT. Transplant indications and type of grafts were similar among both groups. In patients with DSC, mean weight and GRWR were 9.4 ± 5.5 kg (3.1-26 kg) and 4.7 ± 2.4 (1.9-9.7), significantly lower and higher than the primary closure cohort, respectively. The median time to achieve definitive closure was 6 days (range 3-23 days), and the median number of procedures was 4 (range 2-9). Patients with DSC had longer overall PICU (22.5 ± 16.9 vs. 9.1 ± 9.7 days, p < .05) and hospital stay (33.4 ± 19.1 vs 23, 9 ± 19.8 days (p < .05). These differences are less remarkable if the analysis is performed in a subgroup of patients weighing less than 10 kg. Two patients presented vascular complications (7.4%) within DSC group. No differences were seen when comparing overall, 3-year graft and patient survival (96% and 96% in the DSC group). CONCLUSIONS DSC is a simple and safe technique to ensure satisfactory clinical outcomes to overcome "large for size" scenarios in PLT. In addition, we were able to avoid using a permanent biological material for closing the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Andrés Molino
- Paediatric Surgery Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Hidalgo
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Quintero
- Paediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Coma
- Paediatric Radiology Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ortega
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Juamperez
- Paediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Mercadal-Hally
- Paediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Riera
- Paediatric Radiology Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Riaza
- Paediatric Radiology Unit, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxarone Bilbao
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Dopazo
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Caralt
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Pando
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramón Charco
- HPB Surgery and Transplants Department, Vall d´Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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Bustos VP, Escandón JM, Santamaría E, Ciudad P, Forte AJ, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Leckenby JI, Langstein HN, Manrique OJ. Abdominal Wall Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Scoping Review. J Reconstr Microsurg 2021; 38:481-490. [PMID: 34905782 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation (AW-VCA) is a novel reconstructive technique used for large abdominal wall defects in combination with intestinal transplantation (ITx) or multivisceral abdominal transplantation (MVTx). Since the introduction of this procedure, several studies have been published reporting their experience. This study aims to present a scoping review looking at all available evidence-based medicine information to understand the most current surgical techniques and clinical outcomes. METHODS This scoping review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews checklist. A comprehensive research strategy of several databases was conducted. RESULTS A total of 31 studies were included in this review, which comprised animal, cadaveric, and human studies. In human studies, four surgical techniques with high flap survival rates and low complication rates were found. In cadaveric studies, it was shown that the use of iliofemoral cuff-based flaps provided adequate tissue perfusion to the abdominal wall graft. Also, the use of thoracolumbar nerves have been described to provide functionality to the AW-VCA and prevent long-term muscle atrophy. CONCLUSION AW-VCA is a safe and efficient alternative for patients with large and complex abdominal wall defects. The future holds a promising evolution of a functional AW-VCA, though surgeons must face and overcome the challenge of distorted anatomy frequently present in this population. Forthcoming studies with a better level of evidence are required to evaluate functionality and differences between surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria P Bustos
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph M Escandón
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Eric Santamaría
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ciudad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Burn Surgery, Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital, Lima, Peru
| | - Antonio J Forte
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliaty Surgery, Department of Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jonathan I Leckenby
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Howard N Langstein
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Oscar J Manrique
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Caso Ó, Manrique A, García-Sesma Á, Calvo J, García-Conde M, Fernández C, Del Pozo P, Rodríguez Y, Jiménez-Romero C. New technique for abdominal wall procurement. Initial experience. Clin Transplant 2021; 36:e14535. [PMID: 34783062 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in obtaining adequate abdominal wall closure due to loss of the abdominal domain is a frequent complication of multivisceral, isolated intestinal transplantation and in some cases of liver transplantation. Various methods for primary closure have been proposed, including the use of synthetic and biological meshes, as well as full-thickness abdominal wall and non-vascularized rectus fascia grafts. We describe a novel technique for abdominal wall procurement in which the graft is perfused synchronously with the abdominal organs and can be transplanted as a full-thickness wall or as a non-vascularized rectus fascia graft. We performed six transplants of non-vascularized rectus fascia in three intestinal transplants, one multivisceral transplant, and two liver transplants. The size of the covered abdominal wall defects ranged from 17 cm × 7 cm to 25 cm × 20 cm. Only one patient developed graft infection secondary to enterocutaneous fistula requiring surgical correction and removal of the fascia graft. This patient, as well as two other patients, died due to sepsis. Our procurement technique allows removal of the rectus fascia graft to cover the abdominal wall defect, providing a feasible solution for treatment of abdominal wall defects in recipients after abdominal organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Justo
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Caso
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Manrique
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro García-Sesma
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Conde
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Fernández
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Del Pozo
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez
- Service of Pathology, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Romero
- Unit of HPB Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, "Doce de Octubre" University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación (imas12), Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Girard AO, Lake IV, Lopez CD, Kalsi R, Brandacher G, Cooney DS, Redett RJ. Vascularized composite allotransplantation of the penis: current status and future perspectives. Int J Impot Res 2021; 34:383-391. [PMID: 34711953 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-021-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the multifunctional role of the penis in daily life, penile loss can be a physically and emotionally devastating injury. Options to restore penile loss have traditionally relied on autogenous free flap, local flaps, and skin grafts. These techniques provide satisfactory outcomes but carry high rates of urologic and prosthesis-related complications. Vascularized composite allotransplantation may offer a novel solution for these patients through reconstruction with true penile tissue. Still, penile transplants pose ethical, logistical, and psychosocial challenges. These obstacles are made more complex by the limited cases detailed in published literature. A review of the literature was conducted to assay current practices for penile reconstruction. Most modern complex penile reconstructions utilize autogenous pedicled or free tissue flaps, which may be harvested from a variety of donor sites. A total of five penile transplants have been described in the literature. Of these, four report satisfactory outcomes. The advent of genital allotransplantation has recently broadened the landscape of treatment for penile loss. Reconstruction using true penile tissue through vascularized penile allotransplantation has the possibility to engender increased penile function, sensation, and overall quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa O Girard
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Isabel V Lake
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Lopez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richa Kalsi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Damon S Cooney
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Redett
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Hollins AW, Napier K, Wildman-Tobriner B, Erdmann R, Sudan DL, Ravindra KV, Erdmann D, Atia A. Using Radiographic Domain for Evaluating Indications in Abdominal Wall Transplantation. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 87:348-354. [PMID: 33559994 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no description of abdominal domain changes in small bowel transplantation population or consensus of criteria regarding which patients are at high risk for immediate postoperative abdominal wall complications or would benefit from abdominal wall vascularized composite allotransplantation. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 14 adult patients receiving intestinal or multivisceral transplantation. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed, and multiple variables were collected regarding abdominal domain and volume and analyzed comparing postoperative changes and abdominal wall complications. RESULTS Patients after intestinal or multivisceral transplantation had a mean reduction in overall intraperitoneal volume in the immediate postoperative period from 9031 cm3 to 7846 cm3 (P = 0.314). This intraperitoneal volume was further reduced to an average of 6261 cm3 upon radiographic evaluation greater than 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.024). Patients with preexisting abdominal wound (P = 0.002), radiation, or presence of ostomy (P = 0.047) were significantly associated with postoperative abdominal wall complications. No preoperative radiographic findings had a significant association with postoperative abdominal wall complications. CONCLUSIONS Computed tomography imaging demonstrates that intestinal and multivisceral transplant patients have significant reduction in intraperitoneal volume and domain after transplantation in the acute and delayed postoperative setting. Preoperative radiographic abdominal domain was not able to predict patients with postoperative abdominal wall complications. Patients with abdominal wounds, ostomies, and preoperative radiation therapy were associated with acute postoperative abdominal complications and may be considered for need of reconstructive techniques including abdominal wall transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Hollins
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | - Ralph Erdmann
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Debra L Sudan
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - Kadiyala V Ravindra
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - Detlev Erdmann
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | - Andrew Atia
- From the Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgery
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Janssen Y, Van De Winkel N, Pirenne J, Ceulemans LJ, Miserez M. Allotransplantation of donor rectus fascia for abdominal wall closure in transplant patients: A systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 35:100634. [PMID: 34147948 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal wall closure after intestinal, multivisceral or liver transplantation can be a major challenge. Different surgical techniques have been described to close complex abdominal wall defects, but results remain variable. Two promising transplant techniques have been developed using either non-vascularized or vascularized donor rectus fascia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the two techniques. METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Human studies published between January 2000 and April 2020 were included. Methodological quality appraisal was done using an adapted 10-item standardized checklist. RESULTS The search resulted in 9 articles including 74 patients. Both techniques proved to be feasible and had similar results. After non-vascularized rectus fascia allotransplantation, there was a slightly higher rate of surgical site infections in the earlier reports. Overall, there were few complications, no fascial graft related rejections or deaths. The included articles scored low on quality appraisal, mostly due to the small number of cases and scarcely reported outcome parameters. CONCLUSIONS This systematic literature review reports two emerging new techniques for complex abdominal wall closure in transplant patients, with promising results. Standardized data collection in a prospective manner could give us more detailed information about short- and long-term outcomes. Preclinical animal studies are necessary for a thorough investigation of the mechanisms of graft integration, the risk of hernia development and the alloimmune response against the graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yveline Janssen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jacques Pirenne
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), Department of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens J Ceulemans
- Leuven Intestinal Failure and Transplantation (LIFT), Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, research consortium BREATHE, University Hospitals Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Miserez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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Duisit J, Maistriaux L, Bertheuil N, Lellouch AG. Engineering Vascularized Composite Tissues by Perfusion Decellularization/Recellularization: Review. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-021-00317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Andraus W, Pinheiro RS, Fortunato AC, Galvão FHF, Arantes RM, Waisberg DR, Lee AD, da Rocha MHM, Nacif LS, Santos VR, Ducatti L, de Martino RB, Haddad LBDP, Tanigawa RY, Bezerra RO, Song ATW, Carneiro-D'Albuquerque LA. First Successful Isolated Intestinal Transplant in a Brazilian Series. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e3016. [PMID: 34730613 PMCID: PMC8527556 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Andraus
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rafael Soares Pinheiro
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Allana Christina Fortunato
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Flavio Henrique Ferreira Galvão
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rubens Macedo Arantes
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Daniel Reis Waisberg
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Andre Dong Lee
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Mariana Hollanda Martins da Rocha
- Unidade de Nutrologia, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Lucas Souto Nacif
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vinicius Rocha Santos
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Liliana Ducatti
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rodrigo Bronze de Martino
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Luciana Bertocco de Paiva Haddad
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ryan Yukimatsu Tanigawa
- Disciplina de Anatomia Patologica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Regis O.F. Bezerra
- Departamento de Radiologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Alice Tung Wan Song
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Luiz Augusto Carneiro-D'Albuquerque
- Disciplina de Transplante de Figado e Orgaos do Aparelho Digestivo, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Honeyman C, Stark H, Wang HC, Hester J, Issa F, Giele H. Biomarker and surrogate development in vascularised composite allograft transplantation: Current progress and future challenges. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:711-717. [PMID: 33436335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascularised composite allograft (VCA) transplantation is now a feasible reconstructive option for patients who have suffered significant soft tissue injuries. However, despite numerous technical advances in the field over two decades, a number of challenges remain, not least the management of transplant rejection. Part of the difficulty faced by clinicians is the early recognition and prevention of acute rejection episodes. Whilst this is potentially easier in VCAs than solid organ transplants, due to their visible skin component, at present the only validated method for the diagnosis of acute rejection is histological examination of a tissue biopsy. The aim of this review article is to provide an evidence-based overview of progress in the field of VCA biomarker discovery, including immune cell subsets, immune cell effector pathways, and circulating markers of allograft damage, and to discuss future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Honeyman
- Canniesburn Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Stark
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayson Chenyu Wang
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplant Research and Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Henk Giele
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSkin provides a window into the health of an individual. Using transplanted skin as a monitor can provide a powerful tool for surveillance of rejection in a transplant. The purpose of this review is to provide relevant background to the role of skin in vascularized transplantation medicine.Recent FindingsDiscrete populations of T memory cells provide distributed immune protection in skin, and cycle between skin, lymph nodes, and blood. Skin-resident TREGcells proliferate in response to inflammation and contribute to long-term VCA survival in small animal models. Early clinical studies show sentinel flap rejection to correlate well with facial VCA skin rejection, and abdominal wall rejection demonstrates concordance with visceral rejection, but further studies are required.SummaryThis review focuses on the immunology of skin, skin rejection in vascularized composite allografts, and the recent advances in monitoring the health of transplanted tissues using distant “sentinel” flaps.
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
This article aims to review published outcomes associated with full-thickness vascularized abdominal wall transplantation, with particular emphasis on advances in the field in the last 3 years.
Recent Findings
Forty-six full-thickness vascularized abdominal wall transplants have been performed in 44 patients worldwide. Approximately 35% of abdominal wall transplant recipients will experience at least one episode of acute rejection in the first year after transplant, compared with rejection rates of 87.8% and 72.7% for hand and face transplant respectively. Recent evidence suggests that combining a skin containing abdominal wall transplant with an intestinal transplant does not appear to increase sensitization or de novo donor-specific antibody formation.
Summary
Published data suggests that abdominal wall transplantation is an effective safe solution to achieve primary closure of the abdomen after intestinal or multivisceral transplant. However, better data is needed to confirm observations made and to determine long-term outcomes, requiring standardized data collection and reporting and collaboration between the small number of active transplant centres around the world.
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Honeyman C, Stark HL, Fries CA, Gorantla VS, Davis MR, Giele H. Vascularised composite allotransplantation in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 74:316-326. [PMID: 33036926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A solid organ transplant (SOT) recipient, already taking immunosuppression, may represent the ideal candidate for vascularised composite allograft transplantation (VCA). However, concerns have been raised about the potential risk of SOT loss or the need for increased immunosuppression to sustain the VCA. This systematic review examines all published cases of SOT recipients who have received a VCA to establish associated morbidity and immunosuppression requirements. METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for original articles published between January 1997 and May 2019. Only articles relating to patients who had received both a VCA and SOT with a reported follow up of greater than six months were included. RESULTS Fifteen articles were identified, including data from 39 VCAs in 37 patients. There was no increase in the number of SOT rejection episodes, complications such as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder or graft versus host disease, de novo donor specific HLA antibodies or short-term risks to the recipient when compared with SOT in isolation. One child required a sustained increase in their baseline immunosuppression following bilateral hand transplantation. CONCLUSIONS In this small heterogeneous cohort, the addition of a VCA to a SOT does not appear to increase the short-term risks to the SOT or the patient with comparable results to SOT in isolation. However, data are often poorly reported and longer-term follow up and uniform reporting of outcomes would be beneficial to more accurately assess the safety profile of combining VCA with SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Honeyman
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen L Stark
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles A Fries
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Wake Forest Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Davis
- The United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Henk Giele
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Synchronous Abdominal Wall and Small-bowel Transplantation: A 1-year Follow-up. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2995. [PMID: 32802681 PMCID: PMC7413814 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal wall-vascularized composite allotransplantation (AW-VCA) has evolved as a technically feasible but challenging option in the rare event of abdominal wall reconstruction in patients whose abdomen cannot be closed by applying conventional methods. The authors conducted the first synchronous child-to-adult recipient AW-VCA using an arteriovenous loop technique. This article presents a 1-year follow-up of the patient's postoperative course. Frequent skin biopsies were performed in accordance with Duke Institutional Review Board protocol, with 3 episodes of rejection treated with high-dose steroids and Thymoglobulin (Genzyme Corp, Cambridge, Mass.). The patient developed an opportunistic fungal brain abscess secondary to immunosuppression, which led to temporary upper extremity weakness. Future considerations for AW-VCA include a modified surgical technique involving utilization of donor vein graft for arteriovenous loop formation. In addition, reduction in postoperative biopsy schedule and changes in immunosuppression regimen may lead to improved outcomes and prevent unnecessary high-dose immunosuppression.
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26
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Colazo JM, Evans BC, Farinas AF, Al-Kassis S, Duvall CL, Thayer WP. Applied Bioengineering in Tissue Reconstruction, Replacement, and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 25:259-290. [PMID: 30896342 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The use of autologous tissue in the reconstruction of tissue defects has been the gold standard. However, current standards still face many limitations and complications. Improving patient outcomes and quality of life by addressing these barriers remain imperative. This article provides historical perspective, covers the major limitations of current standards of care, and reviews recent advances and future prospects in applied bioengineering in the context of tissue reconstruction, replacement, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Colazo
- 1Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,2Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Brian C Evans
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Angel F Farinas
- 4Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Salam Al-Kassis
- 4Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig L Duvall
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wesley P Thayer
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.,4Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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27
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Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Caso O, Manrique A, Calvo J, García-Sesma A, Nutu A, García-Conde M, Cambra F, Loinaz C, Jiménez-Romero C. Use of Nonvascularized Fascia in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2020; 52:1468-1471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Utilization of Vicryl Bridging Mesh in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation to Achieve Tension-Free Abdominal Wall Closure: A Case Series. Case Rep Surg 2020; 2020:4716415. [PMID: 32257497 PMCID: PMC7106884 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4716415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulty in primary fascial closure of the abdomen in transplant patients is a common challenge. Abdominal wall tension may have detrimental effects on the newly transplanted graft due to compression, and blood flow hindrance, potentially leading to ischemia or thrombosis and possibly graft failure. Furthermore, patients will be at risk of developing fascial ischemia and dehiscence. Myocutaneous flaps, temporary closure with silastic mesh, abdominal wall transplants, and even graft reduction, bowel resection, and splenectomies have been practiced with varying degrees of success. In this study, we present four cases of patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with bridging Vicryl knitted mesh (ETHICON VKML VICRYL-Polyglactin 910-30 × 30 cm) to relieve the tension during the closure. Our results show that these patients, despite having a high average Model End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score of 25, had a good liver function at the time of discharge and continue to upon follow-up. They had a relatively short length of stay (LOS) in both the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital, an average of 3.5 days and 9 days, respectively. Our case series successfully show that utilizing a bridging Vicryl knitted mesh is a reasonable approach to attain tension-free abdominal closure in OLT with satisfying results.
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29
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30
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Moving the Margins: Updates on the Renaissance in Machine Perfusion for Organ Transplantation. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-020-00277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Long term outcomes of abdominal wall reconstruction using open component separation and biologic mesh in the liver, kidney, and small bowel transplant population. Hernia 2020; 24:469-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-019-02117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Cloonan MR, Fortina CA, Mercer DF, Vargas LM, Grant WJ, Langnas AN, Merani S. Failure of abdominal wall closure after intestinal transplantation: Identifying high‐risk recipients. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13713. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Cloonan
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Chaeli A. Fortina
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - David F. Mercer
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Luciano M. Vargas
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Wendy J. Grant
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Alan N. Langnas
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
| | - Shaheed Merani
- Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE USA
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33
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Cassar N, Cortes-Cerisuelo M, Bambridge C, Ali A, Heaton N, Vilca-Melendez H. The difficult abdominal closure after paediatric intestinal transplantation: Use of abdominal rectus muscle fascia and literature review. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13473. [PMID: 31124589 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary abdominal wall closure after intestinal and multivisceral transplantation may not be possible because of loss of abdominal domain and/or graft size/abdominal cavity mismatch. Traditional closure techniques for the open abdomen may not be valid in these circumstances because of severe scarring of the abdominal wall from multiple previous surgeries in this particular group of patients. We present our initial experience with the use of non-vascularized abdominal rectus muscle fascia in two patients who underwent deceased donation and living-related combined liver and small bowel transplantation, respectively, and who could not be closed primarily. The donor fascia was attached to the recipient fascia in both patients. In either case, there was not enough skin cover for closure, the wound was left open, and a negative pressure dressing was applied. In both cases, over a period of 6 months after placement of the non-vascularized abdominal rectus muscle fascia, the wound contracted, granulation tissue gradually covered the wound, and healing occurred, giving an intact abdominal wall. The abdominal rectus muscle fascia from a deceased donor can be used in a definite procedure for closure of the abdominal wall either at the time of transplant or later when a suitable rectus muscle fascia graft becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Cassar
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's Healthcare Partners Denmark Hill Site, London, UK
| | | | - Carly Bambridge
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's Healthcare Partners Denmark Hill Site, London, UK
| | - Amir Ali
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's Healthcare Partners Denmark Hill Site, London, UK
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's Healthcare Partners Denmark Hill Site, London, UK
| | - Hector Vilca-Melendez
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's Healthcare Partners Denmark Hill Site, London, UK
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34
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Erdmann D, Atia A, Phillips BT, Mithani SK, Avashia YJ, Hollister BA, Cendales LC, Ravindra KV, Sudan DL. Small bowel and abdominal wall transplantation: A novel technique for synchronous revascularization. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2122-2126. [PMID: 30913367 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal wall transplantation (AWT) was introduced in 1999 in the context of reconstruction of complex abdominal wall defects in conjunction with visceral organ transplantation. As of recently, 38 cases of total AWT have been performed worldwide, about half of which were performed in the United States. While AWT is technically feasible, one of the major challenges presenting to the reconstructive surgeon is time to revascularization of the donor abdominal wall (AW), given the immediate proximity of the visceral organ and AWT. The authors report a novel AW revascularization technique during a synchronous small bowel and AWT in a 37-year-old man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Erdmann
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Atia
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brett T Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Suhail K Mithani
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yash J Avashia
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Beth A Hollister
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Linda C Cendales
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kadiyala V Ravindra
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Debra L Sudan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Fan J, Tekin A, Tzakis A, Misra S. Liver Transplantation Following Life-threatening Abdominal Trauma: A Case Series of 5 Patients at a Single Institution. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1902-1906. [PMID: 31155306 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Managing traumatic liver injury (TLI) is always challenging and demands precise clinical judgment. Currently, treatment of TLI in most circumstances is non-operative; however, surgical therapy might be required for severe TLI, particularly those that result in extensive blood loss. In the current institutional study carried out from June 1995 to April 2017, we describe our experience with 5 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant for severe TLI. One patient passed away postoperatively from cerebral edema; 1 patient died of renal failure 4 years after the liver transplantation, and 3 patients are still alive. Based on our experience, we conclude that in patients with TLI, especially those with uncontrollable bleeding or those who develop liver failure, liver transplantation should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Fan
- Brandon Regional Medical Center, Brandon, FL, United States; Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - Akin Tekin
- Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Subhasis Misra
- Brandon Regional Medical Center, Brandon, FL, United States
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36
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Sánchez-Margallo FM, Moreno-Naranjo B, Pérez-López MDM, Abellán E, Domínguez-Arroyo JA, Mijares J, Santiago Álvarez I. Laparoscopic uterine graft procurement and surgical autotransplantation in ovine model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8095. [PMID: 31147586 PMCID: PMC6543039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, uterus transplantation (UTx) is a clinical option for infertile women. Over the past three decades, treating benign or malignant gynecological diseases with minimally invasive gynecological surgery has improved, providing significant advantages over conventional open surgery. This study addresses the method used for laparoscopic live-donor ovariohysterectomy and graft harvest from a sheep model. Using a microsurgical practice, ten grafts were autotransplanted after uterine perfusion. End-to-end anastomosis techniques were used to approximate veins and arteries. Follow-ups were carried out 2-months after surgery and postoperative studies included ultrasound scan, diagnostic hysteroscopy, vascular angiography, and exploratory laparoscopy. All transplants were completed without complications. After vascular anastomosis, total reperfusion of the tissue was accomplished in all animals without confirmation of arterial or venous thrombosis. Angiographic explorations did not show any statistically significant dissimilarity in the arterial diameters between the different examination times. 3-months after uterine transplantation all animals underwent assisted reproduction techniques. Patent uterine arteries were observed 4, 8 and 12 months after the transplant. 6-months after transplantation, six sheep (60%) became pregnant with assisted reproduction practices. We noticed an increase in the degree of fibrosis of the cervix samples in non-pregnant animals of the transplant group. Laparoscopic surgery can be an advantageous approach for the uterus retrieval procedure during uterine transplantation. However, larger sample sized reports are needed in order to accomplish validation, standardization and wider use of this route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belén Moreno-Naranjo
- Laparoscopy Department, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena Abellán
- Microsurgery Department, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - José Mijares
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Santiago Álvarez
- Instituto Extremeño de Reproducción Asistida (IERA), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain
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37
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Abdominal wall transplantation in organ transplantation: Our experience. Cir Esp 2019; 97:247-253. [PMID: 30948213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal wall transplantation has been consolidated as an alternative to primary abdominal wall closure in intestinal and multiple organ transplant recipients. Given that it is feasible to obtain the visceral graft and the abdominal wall graft from the same donor, abdominal wall transplantation could offer satisfactory outcomes and be easily coordinated. Non-vascularized fascia is one of the alternatives for abdominal wall closure in transplantation. We report two cases of non-vascularized fascia transplantation in intestinal and multivisceral transplants, respectively. Both donors were young (23 and 18 years old). Both recipients had endured multiple previous surgeries, and no surgical alternatives for primary wall repair could be offered. In both cases, a complete abdominal wall flap was retrieved from the donor, however, due to the characteristics of the recipient's abdominal wall defect, only non-vascularized fascia was used after removing skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue from the graft. Abdominal wall transplantation is an option to consider for abdominal wall closure in patients with multiple previous surgeries and no alternatives for primary wall repair.
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38
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Honeyman C, Fries CA. Vascularised Composite Allotransplantation – Basic Science and Clinical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.29337/ijops.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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39
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Costa G, Parekh N, Osman M, Armanyous S, Fujiki M, Abu-Elmagd K. Composite and Multivisceral Transplantation: Nomenclature, Surgical Techniques, Current Practice, and Long-term Outcome. Surg Clin North Am 2018; 99:129-151. [PMID: 30471738 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of multivisceral and composite visceral transplantation is among the milestones in the recent history of human organ transplantation. All types of gastrointestinal transplantation have evolved to be the standard of care for patients with gut failure and complex abdominal pathologic conditions. The outcome has markedly improved over the last 3 decades owing to technical innovation, novel immunosuppression, and better postoperative care. Recent data documented significant improvement in the long-term therapeutic indices of all types of visceral transplantation close to that achieved with thoracic and solid abdominal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Costa
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Neha Parekh
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Osman
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sherif Armanyous
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Masato Fujiki
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kareem Abu-Elmagd
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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40
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Abstract
The evolution and success of intestinal and multi-visceral transplantation over the past 20 years have raised the issue of difficult or even impossible abdominal closure, a topic rarely encountered in other fields of transplantation. Different techniques have been proposed to address this topic. The choice depends on the transplant team's expertise and/or the availability of a plastic surgery service. Abdominal wall transplant is a type of composite tissue allograft that can be utilized to reconstitute the abdominal domains of patients who undergo intestinal transplant, and the results are encouraging. It is an effective option to achieve primary abdominal closure after intestinal transplant. In its full-thickness form, it may be useful for monitoring rejection or viability of visceral organs. Our aim is to review the role of abdominal wall transplant in achieving tension-free closure of the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Park
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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41
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Vascularized composite allotransplantation in children: what we can learn from solid organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2018; 23:605-614. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Molitor M, Oliverius M, Sukop A. Abdominal wall allotransplantation. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2018; 162:184-189. [PMID: 30209436 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2018.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allotransplantation of vascularized composite tissue is a new field of transplantation surgery. One application of this technique is abdominal wall transplantation used as a supplementary procedure to the transplantation of visceral organs in patients with abdominal compartment deficits. As abdominal wall closure problems are experienced in around 30-40% of such patients, peer reviewed conclusions on the viability of various options, are important for an informed choice of possible procedures. This review focuses on the abdominal wall allotransplantion procedure. Our search provided 35 appropriate references which we used to support our findings as follows: abdominal wall transplantation was performed in 33 patients at seven centres. Of these, 30 had a full thickness abdominal wall transplanted from the same donor, 3 from a second donor. Three had visceral organ transplants and in addition, the posterior sheet of the rectus muscle fascia. In summary, our findings were that abdominal wall allotransplantation does not jeopardize the outcome of visceral organs transplantation. There is no higher risk of complications or rejection of the visceral organs. There have been no fatalities as a direct result of complications due to abdominal wall transplantation. Finally, the transplanted abdominal wall may provide an early warning of rejection before diagnostic tests on the bowel are symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Molitor
- Department of Plastic Surgery Hospital na Bulovce and 1 st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Department of General Surgery, 3 rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Sukop
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 3 rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kollar B, Tasigiorgos S, Dorante MI, Carty MJ, Talbot SG, Pomahac B. Innovations in reconstructive microsurgery: Reconstructive transplantation. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:800-806. [PMID: 30098294 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, reconstructive transplantation (RT) has emerged as a viable reconstructive option for carefully selected patients. More than 100 upper extremity and 40 face transplants have been performed worldwide to date. Concomitantly, the portfolio of reconstructive transplantation has been extended by additional procedures such as lower extremities, abdominal wall, neck, uterus, genitourinary, and pediatric transplants. In the present review article, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge about this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kollar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sotirios Tasigiorgos
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel I Dorante
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Carty
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simon G Talbot
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Enhanced Drug Delivery to the Skin Using Liposomes. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2018; 6:e1739. [PMID: 30175003 PMCID: PMC6110675 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Enhancing drug delivery to the skin has importance in many therapeutic strategies. In particular, the outcome in vascularized composite allotransplantation mainly depends on systemic immunosuppression to prevent and treat episodes of transplant rejection. However, the side effects of systemic immunosuppression may introduce substantial risk to the patient and are weighed against the expected benefits. Successful enhancement of delivery of immunosuppressive agents to the most immunogenic tissues would allow for a reduction in systemic doses, thereby minimizing side effects. Nanoparticle-assisted transport by low temperature–sensitive liposomes (LTSLs) has shown some benefit in anticancer therapy. Our goal was to test whether delivery of a marker agent to the skin could be selectively enhanced. Methods: In an in vivo model, LTSLs containing doxorubicin (dox) as a marker were administered intravenously to rats that were exposed locally to mild hyperthermia. Skin samples of the hyperthermia treated hind limb were compared with skin of the contralateral normothermia hind limb. Tissue content of dox was quantified both via high-performance liquid chromatography and via histology in skin and liver. Results: The concentration of dox in hyperthermia-treated skin was significantly elevated over both normothermic skin and liver. (P < 0.02). Conclusions: We show here that delivery of therapeutics to the skin can be targeted and enhanced using LTSLs. Targeting drug delivery with this method may reduce the systemic toxicity seen in a systemic free-drug administration. Development of more hydrophilic immunosuppressants in the future would increase the applicability of this system in the treatment of rejection reactions in vascularized composite allotransplantation. The treatment of other skin condition might be another potential application.
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Costa G, Parekh N, Osman M, Armanyous S, Fujiki M, Abu-Elmagd K. Composite and Multivisceral Transplantation: Nomenclature, Surgical Techniques, Current Practice, and Long-term Outcome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2018; 47:393-415. [PMID: 29735032 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of multivisceral and composite visceral transplantation is among the milestones in the recent history of human organ transplantation. All types of gastrointestinal transplantation have evolved to be the standard of care for patients with gut failure and complex abdominal pathologic conditions. The outcome has markedly improved over the last 3 decades owing to technical innovation, novel immunosuppression, and better postoperative care. Recent data documented significant improvement in the long-term therapeutic indices of all types of visceral transplantation close to that achieved with thoracic and solid abdominal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Costa
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Neha Parekh
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Osman
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sherif Armanyous
- Department of Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Masato Fujiki
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kareem Abu-Elmagd
- Center for Gut Rehabilitation and Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk A100, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Pantelic MN, Larkin LM. Stem Cells for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 24:373-391. [PMID: 29652595 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a debilitating condition wherein muscle loss overwhelms the body's normal physiological repair mechanism. VML is particularly common among military service members who have sustained war injuries. Because of the high social and medical cost associated with VML and suboptimal current surgical treatments, there is great interest in developing better VML therapies. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) is a promising alternative to traditional VML surgical treatments that use autogenic tissue grafts, and rather uses isolated stem cells with myogenic potential to generate de novo skeletal muscle tissues to treat VML. Satellite cells are the native precursors to skeletal muscle tissue, and are thus the most commonly studied starting source for SMTE. However, satellite cells are difficult to isolate and purify, and it is presently unknown whether they would be a practical source in clinical SMTE applications. Alternative myogenic stem cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, perivascular stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonic stem cells, each have myogenic potential and have been identified as possible starting sources for SMTE, although they have yet to be studied in detail for this purpose. These alternative stem cell varieties offer unique advantages and disadvantages that are worth exploring further to advance the SMTE field toward highly functional, safe, and practical VML treatments. The following review summarizes the current state of satellite cell-based SMTE, details the properties and practical advantages of alternative myogenic stem cells, and offers guidance to tissue engineers on how alternative myogenic stem cells can be incorporated into SMTE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly N Pantelic
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lisa M Larkin
- 1 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Small-for-size Syndrome Does Not Occur in Intestinal Transplantation Without Liver Containing Grafts. Transplantation 2018; 102:1300-1306. [PMID: 29485511 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal donor in intestinal transplantation (ITX) is generally considered to be 50% to 70% of recipient body weight. This may be due to concerns for "small for size" syndrome as seen in liver transplantation. We report our experience using smaller donors (donor-recipient weight ratio [DRWR], < 50%) in ITX recipients. METHODS We studied a group of ITX recipients with DRWR of 50% or less to unmatched controls who received intestinal allografts with DRWR greater than 50%. We examined patient and graft survival and enteral autonomy from parenteral nutrition as surrogate markers for safety of using smaller donors and ease of abdominal wall closure between groups to determine the value. RESULTS There was no difference in overall patient and graft survival, time to enteral autonomy from parenteral nutrition, and weight gain after ITX over time between groups. The need for complicated abdominal closure techniques was significantly more frequent in the control group than in the study group (34.6% vs 6.9%, P = 0.01). Secondary abdominal closure occurred more frequently in the control group (15.4% vs 0%, P = 0.014). Wound revisions also occurred more frequently in the control group (15.4% vs 0%, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ITX using smaller donors (DRWR ≤ 50%) seems to be an acceptable practice without adverse impact on surgical complications, nutritional autonomy, and patient and graft survival. Abdominal wall closure seems easier in recipients of smaller donors and "small for size" syndrome as described in liver transplantation does not occur with intestinal allografts.
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Weissenbacher A, Vrakas G, Chen M, Reddy S, Allan P, Giele H, Barnardo MC, Vaidya A, Friend PJ, Fuggle SV. De novo
donor-specific HLA antibodies after combined intestinal and vascularized composite allotransplantation - a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2017; 31:398-407. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Weissenbacher
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
- Department of Visceral; Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georgios Vrakas
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
| | - Mian Chen
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
| | - Srikanth Reddy
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Allan
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
| | - Henk Giele
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; John Radcliffe Hospital; Oxford UK
| | - Martin C.N.M Barnardo
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
| | - Anil Vaidya
- Transplant Department; Apollo Hospitals Enterprise; Chennai India
| | - Peter J. Friend
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
| | - Susan V. Fuggle
- Oxford Transplant Centre; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences; Oxford University Hospitals; Churchill Hospital Oxford, UK
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