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Abolarin PO, Owoyele BV. Tannic acid inhibits pain mediators, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024019-0. [PMID: 39054833 PMCID: PMC11294660 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide (Gly) has been associated with neurological disorders. Tannic acid (TA) is an antioxidant with attenuating action against neuroinflammation-associated conditions. This study evaluated the effect of Gly on pain perception alongside antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of TA in Gly-exposed mice. Male Swiss mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): control (distilled water 0.2 ml/kg), Gly (Gly 500 mg/kg), Pre-TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), TA + Gly (TA 50 mg/kg and Gly co-administered), Pre-AA + Gly (ascorbic acid (AA) 10 mg/kg pre-treatment, afterwards Gly-administered), and AA + Gly (AA 10 mg/kg and Gly co-administered). Mechanical, thermal, and chemical pain were evaluated six weeks post vehicle/drugs administrations orally, followed by brain biochemical measurements. TA treatment alleviated Gly-induced hyperalgesia in similar version to the values of control and AA groups by increasing significantly (p < 0.05) nociceptive thresholds. Moreover, TA-treatment significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-1β) levels, and antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities compared to Gly-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusively, TA treatment exerted antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, possibly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in Gly-exposed mice. Notably, TA pre-treatment showed a better response than TA and Gly co-administration. We propose the potential neuroprotective and ameliorative functions of TA in Gly-induced hyperalgesia. This merits further clinical research into protective roles of TA against pesticide-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Oluwole Abolarin
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Chrisland University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, Chrisland University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria
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Alqudah A, Qnais EY, Wedyan MA, AlKhateeb H, Abdalla SS, Gammoh O, AlQudah MA. Lysionotin exerts antinociceptive effects in various models of nociception induction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15619. [PMID: 37151635 PMCID: PMC10161701 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lysionotin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim (Gesneriaceae), has several pharmacological effects including anti-bacterial, anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its analgesic effect has not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the antinociceptive activity of lysionotin using chemically and thermally induced nociception in a mouse model. Methods The antinociceptive effects of various lysionotin doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/kg) were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and formalin-induced paw licking assay. The effects were compared to those of mice treated with acetylsalicylic acid or morphine in the presence or absence of naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist). Capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests were also used to evaluate the involvement of the vanilloid and glutamatergic systems, respectively. Results Lysionotin produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of nociceptive behavior in the acetic acid-induced writhing test, showing 60% inhibition at a dose of 200 μg/kg. Lysionotin also caused a significant increase in the latency period in response to the hot plate test (76.4% at 200 μg/kg), and significantly inhibited both the neurogenic and inflammatory phases in the formalin-induced paw licking test. Naloxone significantly reverses the effect of lysionotin in both hot plate test and formalin-induced paw licking test. Moreover, lysionotin significantly inhibited the neurogenic nociception induced by intraplantar injections of glutamate and capsaicin (57% and 67.2%, respectively at a dose of 200 μg/kg). Thus, lysionotin exhibited peripheral and central antinociception through the modulation of vanilloid receptors, opioid receptors, and the glutamatergic system. Conclusion Lysionotin possesses antinociceptive activity on adult mice that is mediated through both central and peripheral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Esam Y. Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A. Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hakam AlKhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Shtaywy S. Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. AlQudah
- Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Gammoh OS, Qnais E, Bseiso Y, Alrosan K, Alqudah A. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of valerian and hops combination in experimental animal models: Involvement of the opioid system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14185. [PMID: 36923827 PMCID: PMC10009721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common undertreated worldwide complaint. The need to explore the antinociceptive potential of alternative herbal products is essential. Although used as a mild sedative, limited evidence focused on the potential antinociceptive effect of valerian and hops combination. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo anti-nociceptive effect of the valerian-hops combination to justify its use as an effective and safe analgesic agent. Anti-nociceptive effects of valerian-hops combination (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were assessed in swiss albino mice for performing the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the paw licking test using formalin, the paw licking test using glutamate, and the tail immersion test. The effects were compared to those of diclofenac or morphine in the presence or absence of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Valerian-hops" extract of 100 and 200 mg/kg demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of writhing episodes induced by acetic acid compared to the control (p < 0.05), a significant reduction in the licking number at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in the late phase formalin-induced paw licking, significantly reduced the number of lickings after glutamate injection compared to control (p < 0.05). And significantly increased pain reaction after 60 and 90 min of tail immersion test, this effect was opposed by naloxone treatment. The valerian-hops combination produced a significant antinociceptive effect that involved the opioid system. Further studies are required to fully uncover the underlying active constituents and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Salem Gammoh
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khaled Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Li YL, Chang XR, Ma JT, Zhao X, Yin LT, Yan LJ, Guo JH, Zhang C, Yang XR. Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors suppressed formalin-induced nociception. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:319-326. [PMID: 34657305 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intraplantar injection of formalin produces persistent spontaneous nociception and hyperalgesia. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unclear. The present study was, therefore, designed to determine the roles of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in formalin-evoked spontaneous nociception. Pre-treatment with intraplantar injections of L-serine-O-phosphate (L-SOP), a group III mGluRs agonist, significantly inhibited formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours and decreased Fos production in the spinal dorsal horn. The inhibitory effects of L-SOP were abolished completely by pre-treatment with the group III mGluR antagonist (RS)-a-methylserine-O-phosphate (M-SOP). These data suggest that the activation of group III mGluRs in the periphery may play a differential role in formalin-induced nociception. In addition, L-SOP decreased the formalin-induced upregulation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as interleukine-1β (IL-1β) expression in the spinal cord, suggesting that activation of peripheral group III mGluRs reduces formalin-induced nociception through inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. Therefore, the agonists acting peripheral group III mGluRs possess therapeutic effectiveness in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin-Rui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Li-Tian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Jun-Hong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, The Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R.China
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Cytohesin-2 mediates group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent mechanical allodynia through the activation of ADP ribosylation factor 6 in the spinal cord. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105466. [PMID: 34390832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), mGluR1 and mGluR5, in the spinal cord are implicated in nociceptive transmission and plasticity through G protein-mediated second messenger cascades leading to the activation of various protein kinases such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In this study, we demonstrated that cytohesin-2, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factors (Arfs), is abundantly expressed in subsets of excitatory interneurons and projection neurons in the superficial dorsal horn. Cytohesin-2 is enriched in the perisynapse on the postsynaptic membrane of dorsal horn neurons and forms a protein complex with mGluR5 in the spinal cord. Central nervous system-specific cytohesin-2 conditional knockout mice exhibited reduced mechanical allodynia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Pharmacological blockade of cytohesin catalytic activity with SecinH3 similarly reduced mechanical allodynia and inhibited the spinal activation of Arf6, but not Arf1, in both pain models. Furthermore, cytohesin-2 conditional knockout mice exhibited reduced mechanical allodynia and ERK1/2 activation following the pharmacological activation of spinal mGluR1/5 with 3,5-dihydroxylphenylglycine (DHPG). The present study suggests that cytothesin-2 is functionally associated with mGluR5 during the development of mechanical allodynia through the activation of Arf6 in spinal dorsal horn neurons.
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Sugimoto M, Takahashi Y, Sugimura YK, Tokunaga R, Yajima M, Kato F. Active role of the central amygdala in widespread mechanical sensitization in rats with facial inflammatory pain. Pain 2021; 162:2273-2286. [PMID: 33900711 PMCID: PMC8280967 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Widespread or ectopic sensitization is a hallmark symptom of chronic pain, characterized by aberrantly enhanced pain sensitivity in multiple body regions remote from the site of original injury or inflammation. The central mechanism underlying widespread sensitization remains unidentified. The central nucleus of the amygdala (also called the central amygdala, CeA) is well situated for this role because it receives nociceptive information from diverse body sites and modulates pain sensitivity in various body regions. In this study, we examined the role of the CeA in a novel model of ectopic sensitization of rats. Injection of formalin into the left upper lip resulted in latent bilateral sensitization in the hind paw lasting >13 days in male Wistar rats. Chemogenetic inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons or blockade of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in the right CeA, but not in the left, significantly attenuated this sensitization. Furthermore, chemogenetic excitation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in the right CeA induced de novo bilateral hind paw sensitization in the rats without inflammation. These results indicate that the CeA neuronal activity determines hind paw tactile sensitivity in rats with remote inflammatory pain. They also suggest that the hind paw sensitization used in a large number of preclinical studies might not be simply a sign of the pain at the site of injury but rather a representation of the augmented CeA activity resulting from inflammation/pain in any part of the body or from activities of other brain regions, which has an active role of promoting defensive/protective behaviors to avoid further bodily damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sugimoto
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Takahashi
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yae K. Sugimura
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tokunaga
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Yajima
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fusao Kato
- Center for Neuroscience of Pain and Department of Neuroscience, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Lyu Z, Guo Y, Gong Y, Fan W, Dou B, Li N, Wang S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen B, Guo Y, Xu Z, Lin X. The Role of Neuroglial Crosstalk and Synaptic Plasticity-Mediated Central Sensitization in Acupuncture Analgesia. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8881557. [PMID: 33531894 PMCID: PMC7834789 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8881557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pain is regarded as a global public health priority, analgesic therapy remains a significant challenge. Pain is a hypersensitivity state caused by peripheral and central sensitization, with the latter considered the culprit for chronic pain. This study summarizes the pathogenesis of central sensitization from the perspective of neuroglial crosstalk and synaptic plasticity and underlines the related analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture. Central sensitization is modulated by the neurotransmitters and neuropeptides involved in the ascending excitatory pathway and the descending pain modulatory system. Acupuncture analgesia is associated with downregulating glutamate in the ascending excitatory pathway and upregulating opioids, 𝛾-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the descending pain modulatory system. Furthermore, it is increasingly appreciated that neurotransmitters, cytokines, and chemokines are implicated in neuroglial crosstalk and associated plasticity, thus contributing to central sensitization. Acupuncture produces its analgesic action by inhibiting cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and upregulating interleukin-10, as well as modulating chemokines and their receptors such as CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CXCL12/CXCR4, CCL2/CCR2, and CXCL1/CXCR2. These factors are regulated by acupuncture through the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (e.g., the p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase pathways), which contribute to the activation of nociceptive neurons. However, the responses of chemokines to acupuncture vary among the types of pain models, acupuncture methods, and stimulation parameters. Thus, the exact mechanisms require future clarification. Taken together, inhibition of central sensitization modulated by neuroglial plasticity is central in acupuncture analgesia, providing a novel insight for the clinical application of acupuncture analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxi Lyu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Fan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 5100293, Japan
| | - Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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Regulators of G protein signalling as pharmacological targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105148. [PMID: 32858121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, a specific type of chronic pain resulting from persistent nervous tissue lesions, is a debilitating condition that affects about 7% of the population. This condition remains particularly difficult to treat because of the poor understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Drugs currently used to alleviate this chronic pain syndrome are of limited benefit due to their lack of efficacy and the elevated risk of side effects, especially after a prolonged period of treatment. Although drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) also have several limitations, such as progressive loss of efficacy due to receptor desensitization or unavoidable side effects due to wide receptor distribution, the identification of several molecular partners that contribute to the fine-tuning of receptor activity has raised new opportunities for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) act intracellularly by influencing the coupling process and activity of G proteins, and are amongst the best-characterized physiological modulators of GPCR. Changes in RGS expression have been documented in a range of models of neuropathic pain, or after prolonged treatment with diverse analgesics, and could participate in altered pain processing as well as impaired physiological or pharmacological control of nociceptive signals. The present review summarizes the experimental data that implicates RGS in the development of pain with focus on the pathological mechanisms of neuropathic pain, including the impact of neuropathic lesions on RGS expression and, reciprocally, the influence of modifying RGS on GPCRs involved in the modulation of nociception as well as on the outcome of pain. In this context, we address the question of the relevance of RGS as promising targets in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Sandercock DA, Barnett MW, Coe JE, Downing AC, Nirmal AJ, Di Giminiani P, Edwards SA, Freeman TC. Transcriptomics Analysis of Porcine Caudal Dorsal Root Ganglia in Tail Amputated Pigs Shows Long-Term Effects on Many Pain-Associated Genes. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:314. [PMID: 31620455 PMCID: PMC6760028 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tail amputation by tail docking or as an extreme consequence of tail biting in commercial pig production potentially has serious implications for animal welfare. Tail amputation causes peripheral nerve injury that might be associated with lasting chronic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of tail amputation in pigs on caudal DRG gene expression at different stages of development, particularly in relation to genes associated with nociception and pain. Microarrays were used to analyse whole DRG transcriptomes from tail amputated and sham-treated pigs 1, 8, and 16 weeks following tail treatment at either 3 or 63 days of age (8 pigs/treatment/age/time after treatment; n = 96). Tail amputation induced marked changes in gene expression (up and down) compared to sham-treated intact controls for all treatment ages and time points after tail treatment. Sustained changes in gene expression in tail amputated pigs were still evident 4 months after tail injury. Gene correlation network analysis revealed two co-expression clusters associated with amputation: Cluster A (759 down-regulated) and Cluster B (273 up-regulated) genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified 124 genes in Cluster A and 61 genes in Cluster B associated with both “inflammatory pain” and “neuropathic pain.” In Cluster A, gene family members of ion channels e.g., voltage-gated potassium channels (VGPC) and receptors e.g., GABA receptors, were significantly down-regulated compared to shams, both of which are linked to increased peripheral nerve excitability after axotomy. Up-regulated gene families in Cluster B were linked to transcriptional regulation, inflammation, tissue remodeling, and regulatory neuropeptide activity. These findings, demonstrate that tail amputation causes sustained transcriptomic expression changes in caudal DRG cells involved in inflammatory and neuropathic pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Sandercock
- Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Barnett
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E Coe
- Animal and Veterinary Science Research Group, Scotland's Rural College, Roslin Institute Building, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison C Downing
- Edinburgh Genomics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pierpaolo Di Giminiani
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra A Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Lai CC, Hsu JW, Cheng YS, Lin HH. Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in ethanol regulation of NMDA receptor activity in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. Life Sci 2019; 233:116729. [PMID: 31386876 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glutamatergic receptors are important targets of ethanol. Intake of ethanol may produce analgesic effects. The present study examined the effects of ethanol on the activity of ionotropic glutamate receptors in spinal cord substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons, critical neurons involved in nociceptive transmission. MAIN METHODS Whole-cell recordings were made from SG neurons of the lumbar spinal cord slices from 15 to 20-day-old rats. Ethanol and glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists were applied by superfusion. KEY FINDING Ethanol (50 and 100 mM) applied by superfusion for 5 min dose-dependently decreased the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential in SG neurons. Superfusion of ethanol (100 mM) for 15 min consistently inhibited NMDA- or AMPA-induced depolarizations in SG neurons. Ethanol (100 mM) also inhibited the depolarizations induced by glutamate. However, ethanol inhibition of glutamate-induced responses significantly decreased at 10-15 min following continuous superfusion, suggesting the development of acute tolerance to the inhibition during prolonged exposure. Application of MPEP hydrochloride (an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor [mGluR] 5) or GF109203X (a protein kinase C [PKC] inhibitor), together with ethanol significantly blocked the tolerance. The inhibition by ethanol of the NMDA-induced, but not AMPA-induced, depolarizations significantly decreased at 15 min during continuous superfusion while ACPD (a mGluR agonist) was co-applied with ethanol. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that (1) ethanol exposure may inhibit ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated neurotransmission; (2) regulation of NMDA receptor function by mGluR5/PKC pathways may be involved in the development of the tolerance to ethanol inhibition of glutamate-induced responses during prolonged exposure in SG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970; Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970
| | - Jhih-Wei Hsu
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970
| | - Yi-Shan Cheng
- Master and Ph.D. Programs in Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970
| | - Hsun-Hsun Lin
- Master Program in Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 970.
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12
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Yang C, Kang F, Wang S, Han M, Zhang Z, Li J. SIRT1 Activation Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain by Inhibiting mGluR1/5. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1165-1175. [PMID: 31270711 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP), which is induced by primary or metastatic bone cancer, remains a clinically challenging problem due to the poor understanding of its mechanisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in various pain models. Intrathecal administration of SRT1720, a SIRT1 activator, attenuates BCP in a rat model. However, the expression and activity of SIRT1 during the development and maintenance of BCP remain unknown. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in BCP remains ambiguous. In this study, we detected the time course of SIRT1 expression and activity in the spinal cord of mice with BCP and examined whether SRT1720 alleviated BCP by inhibiting metabotropic glutamatergic receptor (mGluR) 1/5 expression. In addition, we downregulated spinal SIRT1 expression in normal mice through an intrathecal injection of AAV-SIRT1-shRNA and then assessed pain behavior and mGluR1/5 expression. Mice with BCP developed significant mechanical allodynia and spontaneous flinching, accompanied by decreased levels of the SIRT1 protein, mRNA, and activity in the spinal cord. The SRT1720 treatment produced an analgesic effect on tumor-bearing mice and decreased the spinal levels of the mGluR1/5 protein and mRNA. In contrast, the AAV-SIRT1-shRNA treatment induced pain behavior in normal mice and increased the spinal levels of the mGluR1/5 protein and mRNA. The results suggested a critical role for SIRT1 in the development and maintenance of BCP and further indicated that activation of SIRT1 in the spinal cord by SRT1720 functionally reverses BCP in mice by inhibiting mGluR1/5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Yang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Kang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingming Han
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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13
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Singh L, Kaur A, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R. Possible Molecular Mediators Involved and Mechanistic Insight into Fibromyalgia and Associated Co-morbidities. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1517-1532. [PMID: 31004261 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic complex syndrome of non-articulate origin characterized by musculoskeletal pain, painful tender points, sleep problems and co-morbidities including depression, migraine. The etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia is complex, variable and remains inconclusive. The etiological factors that have been defined include stress, genetic predisposition and environmental components. As per the reports of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) the prevalence of fibromyalgia varies from 2 to 22% among the general population with poor diagnostic features primarily pain. Fibromyalgia encompasses a spectrum of co-morbid conditions with multifarious pathogenesis. The highly prevalent manifestations of fibromyalgia include heterogeneous pain and aches. Biochemical and neurobiological elements of fibromyalgia include neurotransmitters, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA axis), inflammatory cytokines, monoaminergic pathway, opioid peptides, sex hormones, nerve growth factor (NGF) and local free radical insult. An imbalance in the serotonergic system is the major underlying etiological factor that has been explored most widely. Owing to complex interplay of diverse pathophysiological pathways, overlapping co-morbidities such as depression have been clinically observed. Therapeutic management of fibromyalgia involves both non pharmacological and pharmacological measures. The current review presents various dysregulations and their association with symptoms of fibromyalgia along with their underlying neurobiological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Anudeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet S Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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14
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Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits pain transmission by decreasing neuronal excitability in the CFA-inflamed knee joint. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Liu NJ, Storman EM, Gintzler AR. Pharmacological Modulation of Endogenous Opioid Activity to Attenuate Neuropathic Pain in Rats. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 20:235-243. [PMID: 30366152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We showed previously that spinal metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) signaling suppresses or facilitates (depending on the stage of estrous cycle) analgesic responsiveness to intrathecal endomorphin 2, a highly mu-opioid receptor-selective endogenous opioid. Spinal endomorphin 2 antinociception is suppressed during diestrus by mGluR1 when it is activated by membrane estrogen receptor alpha (mERα) and is facilitated during proestrus when mGluR1 is activated by glutamate. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that in female rats subjected to spinal nerve ligation (SNL), the inhibition of spinal estrogen synthesis or blockade of spinal mERα/mGluR1 would be antiallodynic during diestrus, whereas during proestrus, mGluR1 blockade would worsen the mechanical allodynia. As postulated, following SNL, aromatase inhibition or mERα/mGluR1 blockade during diestrus markedly lessened the mechanical allodynia. This was observed only on the paw ipsilateral to SNL and was eliminated by naloxone, implicating endogenous opioid mediation. In contrast, during proestrus, mGluR1 blockade worsened the SNL-induced mechanical allodynia of the ipsilateral paw. Findings suggest menstrual cycle stage-specific drug targets for and the putative clinical utility of harnessing endogenous opioids for chronic pain management in women, as well as the value of, if not the necessity for, considering menstrual cycle stage in clinical trials thereof. PERSPECTIVE: Intrathecal treatments that enhance spinal endomorphin 2 analgesic responsiveness under basal conditions lessen mechanical allodynia in a chronic pain model. Findings provide a foundation for developing drugs that harness endogenous opioid antinociception for chronic pain relief, lessening the need for exogenous opioids and thus prescription opioid abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jiang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Emiliya M Storman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Alan R Gintzler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York..
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16
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Yudin Y, Rohacs T. Inhibitory G i/O-coupled receptors in somatosensory neurons: Potential therapeutic targets for novel analgesics. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918763646. [PMID: 29580154 PMCID: PMC5882016 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918763646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia are responsible for sensing mechanical and thermal stimuli, as well as detecting tissue damage. These neurons express ion channels that respond to thermal, mechanical, or chemical cues, conduct action potentials, and mediate transmitter release. These neurons also express a large number of G-protein coupled receptors, which are major transducers for extracellular signaling molecules, and their activation usually modulates the primary transduction pathways. Receptors that couple to phospholipase C via heterotrimeric Gq/11 proteins and those that activate adenylate cyclase via Gs are considered excitatory; they positively regulate somatosensory transduction and they play roles in inflammatory sensitization and pain, and in some cases also in inducing itch. On the other hand, receptors that couple to Gi/o proteins, such as opioid or GABAB receptors, are generally inhibitory. Their activation counteracts the effect of Gs-stimulation by inhibiting adenylate cyclase, as well as exerts effects on ion channels, usually resulting in decreased excitability. This review will summarize knowledge on Gi-coupled receptors in sensory neurons, focusing on their roles in ion channel regulation and discuss their potential as targets for analgesic and antipruritic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Yudin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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17
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Radwani H, Roca-Lapirot O, Aby F, Lopez-Gonzalez MJ, Benazzouz R, Errami M, Favereaux A, Landry M, Fossat P. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor plasticity after peripheral inflammation alters nociceptive transmission in the dorsal of the spinal cord in adult rats. Mol Pain 2018; 13:1744806917737934. [PMID: 29020860 PMCID: PMC5661751 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917737934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is a crucial site for pain transmission and modulation. Dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord express group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (group I mGluRs) that exert a complex role in nociceptive transmission. In particular, group I mGluRs promote the activation of L-type calcium channels, voltage-gated channels involved in short- and long-term sensitization to pain. In this study, we analyzed the role of group I mGluRs in spinal nociceptive transmission and the possible cooperation between these receptors and L-type calcium channels in the pathophysiology of pain transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. We demonstrate that the activation of group I mGluRs induces allodynia and L-type calcium channel-dependent increase in nociceptive field potentials following sciatic nerve stimulation. Surprisingly, in a model of persistent inflammation induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant, the activation of group I mGluRs induced an analgesia and a decrease in nociceptive field potentials. Among the group I mGluRs, mGluR1 promotes the activation of L-type calcium channels and increased nociceptive transmission while mGluR5 induces the opposite through the inhibitory network. These results suggest a functional switch exists in pathological conditions that can change the action of group I mGluR agonists into possible analgesic molecules, thereby suggesting new therapeutic perspectives to treat persistent pain in inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Radwani
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
| | - Olivier Roca-Lapirot
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
| | - Franck Aby
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
| | | | - Rabia Benazzouz
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
| | - Mohammed Errami
- University of Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory: ''Physiology and Physiopathology''. Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Alexandre Favereaux
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
| | - Marc Landry
- Interdisciplinary institute for neuroscience (IINS), CNRS, UMR5297. Bordeaux. France
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18
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Zanfirescu A, Cristea AN, Nitulescu GM, Velescu BS, Gradinaru D. Chronic Monosodium Glutamate Administration Induced Hyperalgesia in Mice. Nutrients 2017; 10:E1. [PMID: 29267217 PMCID: PMC5793229 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used food additive. Although it is generally considered safe, some questions regarding the impact of its use on general health have arisen. Several reports correlate MSG consumption with a series of unwanted reactions, including headaches and mechanical sensitivity in pericranial muscles. Endogenous glutamate plays a significant role in nociceptive processing, this neurotransmitter being associated with hyperalgesia and central sensitization. One of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena is the stimulation of Ca2+/calmodulin sensitive nitric oxide synthase, and a subsequent increase in nitric oxide production. This molecule is a key player in nociceptive processing, with implications in acute and chronic pain states. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of this food additive on the nociceptive threshold when given orally to mice. Hot-plate and formalin tests were used to assess nociceptive behaviour. We also tried to determine if a correlation between chronic administration of MSG and variations in central nitric oxide (NO) concentration could be established. We found that a dose of 300 mg/kg MSG given for 21 days reduces the pain threshold and is associated with a significant increase in brain NO level. The implications of these findings on food additive-drug interaction, and on pain perception in healthy humans, as well as in those suffering from affections involving chronic pain, are still to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Zanfirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, TraianVuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, TraianVuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Bruno Stefan Velescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, TraianVuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Gradinaru
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, TraianVuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
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19
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Notartomaso S, Mascio G, Bernabucci M, Zappulla C, Scarselli P, Cannella M, Imbriglio T, Gradini R, Battaglia G, Bruno V, Nicoletti F. Analgesia induced by the epigenetic drug, L-acetylcarnitine, outlasts the end of treatment in mouse models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806917697009. [PMID: 28326943 PMCID: PMC5407675 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917697009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-acetylcarnitine, a drug marketed for the treatment of chronic pain, causes analgesia by epigenetically up-regulating type-2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu2) receptors in the spinal cord. Because the epigenetic mechanisms are typically long-lasting, we hypothesized that analgesia could outlast the duration of L-acetylcarnitine treatment in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Results A seven-day treatment with L-acetylcarnitine (100 mg/kg, once a day, i.p.) produced an antiallodynic effect in the complete Freund adjuvant mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain. L-Acetylcarnitine-induced analgesia persisted for at least 14 days after drug withdrawal. In contrast, the analgesic effect of pregabalin, amitryptiline, ceftriaxone, and N-acetylcysteine disappeared seven days after drug withdrawal. L-acetylcarnitine treatment enhanced mGlu2/3 receptor protein levels in the dorsal region of the spinal cord. This effect also persisted for two weeks after drug withdrawal and was associated with increased levels of acetylated histone H3 bound to the Grm2 gene promoter in the dorsal root ganglia. A long-lasting analgesic effect of L-acetylcarnitine was also observed in mice subjected to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. In these animals, a 14-day treatment with pregabalin, amitryptiline, tramadol, or L-acetylcarnitine produced a significant antiallodynic effect, with pregabalin displaying the greatest efficacy. In mice treated with pregabalin, tramadol or L-acetylcarnitine the analgesic effect was still visible 15 days after the end of drug treatment. However, only in mice treated with L-acetylcarnitine analgesia persisted 37 days after drug withdrawal. This effect was associated with an increase in mGlu2/3 receptor protein levels in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. Conclusions Our findings suggest that L-acetylcarnitine has the unique property to cause a long-lasting analgesic effect that might reduce relapses in patients suffering from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Gradini
- 1 I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,2 Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bruno
- 1 I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- 1 I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.,3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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20
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Khariv V, Elkabes S. Contribution of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases to neuronal maladaptive responses: Focus on spinal nociceptive mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2017; 663:60-65. [PMID: 28780172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are ion pumps that expel Ca2+ from cells and maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. Four isoforms and multiple splice variants play important and non-overlapping roles in cellular function and integrity and have been implicated in diseases including disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, one of these isoforms, PMCA2, is critical for spinal cord (SC) neuronal function. PMCA2 expression is decreased in SC neurons at onset of symptoms in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Decreased PMCA2 expression affects the function and viability of SC neurons, with motor neurons being the most vulnerable population. Recent studies have also shown that PMCA2 could be an important contributor to pain processing in the dorsal horn (DH) of the SC. Pain sensitivity was altered in female, but not male, PMCA2+/- mice compared to PMCA2+/+ littermates in a modality-dependent manner. Changes in pain responsiveness in the female PMCA2+/- mice were paralleled by female-specific alterations in the expression of effectors, which have been implicated in the excitability of DH neurons, in mechanisms governing nociception and in the transmission of pain signals. Other PMCA isoforms and in particular, PMCA4, also contribute to the excitability of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contain the first-order sensory neurons that convey nociceptive information from the periphery to the DH. These findings suggest that specific PMCA isoforms play specialized functions in neurons that mediate pain processing. Further investigations are necessary to unravel the precise contribution of PMCAs to mechanisms governing pathological pain in models of injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Khariv
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.
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21
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Chen A, Hu WW, Jiang XL, Potegal M, Li H. Molecular mechanisms of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor mediated LTP and LTD in basolateral amygdala in vitro. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:681-694. [PMID: 28028604 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The roles of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and mGluR5, in regulating synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) remain unclear. The present study examined mGluR1- and mGluR5-mediated synaptic plasticity in the BLA and their respective signaling mechanisms. Bath application of the group I mGluR agonist, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (20 μM), directly suppressed basal fEPSPs (84.5 ± 6.3% of the baseline). The suppressive effect persisted for at least 30 min after washout; it was abolished by the mGluR1 antagonist 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt) but was unaffected by the mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6- (phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP). Interestingly, application of DHPG (at both 2 and 20 μM), regardless of the presence of CPCCOEt, could transform single theta burst stimulation (TBS)-induced short-term synaptic potentiation into a long-term potentiation (LTP). Such a facilitating effect could be blocked by the mGluR5 antagonist MPEP. Blockade of phospholipase C (PLC), the downstream enzyme of group I mGluR, with U73122, prevented both mGluR1- and mGluR5-mediated effects on synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, blockade of protein kinase C (PKC), the downstream enzyme of PLC, with chelerythrine (5 μM) only prevented the transforming effect of DHPG on TBS-induced LTP and did not affect DHPG-induced long-term depression (LTD). These results suggest that mGluR1 activation induced LTD via a PLC-dependent and PKC-independent mechanism, while the priming action of mGluR5 receptor on the BLA LTP is both PLC and PKC dependent. The BLA metaplasticity mediated by mGluR1 and mGluR5 may provide signal switching mechanisms mediating learning and memory with emotional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Physiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W W Hu
- Department of Physiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X L Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814-4799, USA
| | - M Potegal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814-4799, USA.
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Mannan MA, Khatun A, Khan MFH. Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28114964 PMCID: PMC5260076 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dalbergia sissoo DC. (Family: Fabaceae) is a medium to large deciduous tree, is locally called "shishu" in Bangladesh. It is used to treat sore throats, dysentery, syphilis, bronchitis, inflammations, infections, hernia, skin diseases, and gonorrhea. This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of D. sissoo leaves (MEDS) in mice. METHODS The extract was assessed for antinociceptive activity using chemical and heat induced pain models such as hot plate, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, glutamate, and cinnamaldehyde test models in mice at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively. Morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as reference analgesic drugs. To confirm the possible involvement of opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effect of MEDS, naloxone was used to antagonize the effect. RESULTS MEDS demonstrated potent and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all the chemical and heat induced mice models (p < 0.001). The findings of this study indicate that the involvement of both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms. The use of naloxone verified the association of opioid receptors in the central antinociceptive effect. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated the peripheral and central antinociceptive activity of the leaves of D. sissoo. These results support the traditional use of this plant in different painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Mannan
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka, 1217 Bangladesh
| | - Ambia Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka, 1217 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Farhad Hossen Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka, 1217 Bangladesh
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Lebaschi A, Deng XH, Zong J, Cong GT, Carballo CB, Album ZM, Camp C, Rodeo SA. Animal models for rotator cuff repair. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1383:43-57. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Lebaschi
- Tissue Engineering; Repair, and Regeneration Program
| | | | - Jianchun Zong
- Tissue Engineering; Repair, and Regeneration Program
| | | | | | - Zoe M. Album
- Tissue Engineering; Repair, and Regeneration Program
| | - Christopher Camp
- Tissue Engineering; Repair, and Regeneration Program
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service; Hospital for Special Surgery; New York New York
| | - Scott A. Rodeo
- Tissue Engineering; Repair, and Regeneration Program
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service; Hospital for Special Surgery; New York New York
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Jaios ES, Abdul Rahman S, Ching SM, Abdul Kadir A, Mohd. Desa MN, Zakaria ZA. Possible mechanisms of antinociception of methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ismail NI, Ming-Tatt L, Lajis N, Akhtar MN, Akira A, Perimal EK, Israf DA, Sulaiman MR. Antinociceptive Effect of 3-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one in Mice Models of Induced Nociception. Molecules 2016; 21:E1077. [PMID: 27556438 PMCID: PMC6273341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The antinociceptive effects produced by intraperitoneal administration of a novel synthetic chalcone, 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMFP), were investigated in several mouse models of induced nociception. The administration of DMFP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) produced significant attenuation on the acetic acid-induced abdominal-writhing test. It also produced a significant increase in response latency time in the hot-plate test and a marked reduction in time spent licking the injected paw in both phases of the formalin-induced paw-licking test. In addition, it was also demonstrated that DMFP exhibited significant inhibition of the neurogenic nociceptive response induced by intraplantar injections of capsaicin and glutamate. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of DMFP in the acetic acid-induced abdominal-writhing test and the hot-plate test was not antagonized by pretreatment with a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. Finally, DMFP did not show any toxic effects and/or mortality in a study of acute toxicity and did not interfere with motor coordination during the Rota-rod test. Our present results show that DMFP exhibits both peripheral and central antinociceptive effects. It was suggested that its peripheral antinociceptive activity is associated with attenuated production and/or release of NO and various pro-inflammatory mediators, while central antinociceptive activity seems to be unrelated to the opioidergic system, but could involve, at least in part, an interaction with the inhibition of capsaicin-sensitive fibers and the glutamatergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Ming-Tatt
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Akira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Roslan Sulaiman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
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Boadas-Vaello P, Castany S, Homs J, Álvarez-Pérez B, Deulofeu M, Verdú E. Neuroplasticity of ascending and descending pathways after somatosensory system injury: reviewing knowledge to identify neuropathic pain therapeutic targets. Spinal Cord 2016; 54:330-40. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2015.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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David-Pereira A, Puga S, Gonçalves S, Amorim D, Silva C, Pertovaara A, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor in the infralimbic cortex contributes to descending pain facilitation in healthy and arthritic animals. Neuroscience 2015; 312:108-19. [PMID: 26548413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the prefrontal cortex in pain processing has been recently addressed. We studied the role of the infralimbic cortex (IL) and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in descending modulation of nociception in control and monoarthritic (ARTH) conditions. Nociception was assessed using heat-induced paw withdrawal while drugs were microinjected in the IL of rats. Local anesthesia of the IL or the adjacent prelimbic cortex (PL) facilitated nociception, indicating that IL and PL are tonically promoting spinal antinociception. Phasic activation with glutamate (GLU) revealed opposing roles of the PL and IL; GLU in the PL had a fast antinociceptive action, while in the IL it had a slow onset pronociceptive action. IL administration of a local anesthetic or GLU produced identical results in ARTH and control animals. An mGluR5 agonist in the IL induced a pronociceptive effect in both groups, while mGluR5 antagonists had no effect in controls but induced antinociception in ARTH rats. Activation of the IL mGluR1 (through co-administration of mGluR1/5 agonist and mGluR5 antagonist) did not alter nociception in controls but induced antinociception in ARTH animals. IL administration of an mGluR1 antagonist failed to alter nociception in either experimental group. Finally, mGluR5 but not mGluR1 antagonists blocked the pronociceptive action of GLU in both groups. The results indicate that IL contributes to descending modulation of nociception. mGluR5 in the IL enhance nociception in healthy control and monoarthritic animals, an effect that is tonic in ARTH. Moreover, activation of IL mGluR1s attenuates nociception following the development of monoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A David-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Puga
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - D Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A Pertovaara
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences (ECS), Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, 4750-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Jarius S, Wildemann B. 'Medusa-head ataxia': the expanding spectrum of Purkinje cell antibodies in autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. Part 1: Anti-mGluR1, anti-Homer-3, anti-Sj/ITPR1 and anti-CARP VIII. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:166. [PMID: 26377085 PMCID: PMC4574226 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological testing for anti-neural autoantibodies is important in patients presenting with idiopathic cerebellar ataxia, since these autoantibodies may indicate cancer, determine treatment and predict prognosis. While some of them target nuclear antigens present in all or most CNS neurons (e.g. anti-Hu, anti-Ri), others more specifically target antigens present in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane of Purkinje cells (PC). In this series of articles, we provide a detailed review of the clinical and paraclinical features, oncological, therapeutic and prognostic implications, pathogenetic relevance, and differential laboratory diagnosis of the 12 most common PC autoantibodies (often referred to as 'Medusa-head antibodies' due to their characteristic somatodendritic binding pattern when tested by immunohistochemistry). To assist immunologists and neurologists in diagnosing these disorders, typical high-resolution immunohistochemical images of all 12 reactivities are presented, diagnostic pitfalls discussed and all currently available assays reviewed. Of note, most of these antibodies target antigens involved in the mGluR1/calcium pathway essential for PC function and survival. Many of the antigens also play a role in spinocerebellar ataxia. Part 1 focuses on anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 1-, anti-Homer protein homolog 3-, anti-Sj/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor- and anti-carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII-associated autoimmune cerebellar ataxia (ACA); part 2 covers anti-protein kinase C gamma-, anti-glutamate receptor delta-2-, anti-Ca/RhoGTPase-activating protein 26- and anti-voltage-gated calcium channel-associated ACA; and part 3 reviews the current knowledge on anti-Tr/delta notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor-, anti-Nb/AP3B2-, anti-Yo/cerebellar degeneration-related protein 2- and Purkinje cell antibody 2-associated ACA, discusses differential diagnostic aspects and provides a summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Otto Meyerhof Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Discovery and biological evaluation of tetrahydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine derivatives as selective metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 antagonists for the potential treatment of neuropathic pain. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:245-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tashiro A, Nishida Y, Bereiter DA. Local group I mGluR antagonists reduce TMJ-evoked activity of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons in female rats. Neuroscience 2015; 299:125-33. [PMID: 25934040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) are functionally linked to estrogen receptors and play a key role in the plasticity of central neurons. Estrogen status strongly influences sensory input from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) to neurons at the spinomedullary (Vc/C1-2) region. This study tested the hypothesis that TMJ input to trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/C1-2) neurons involved group I mGluR activation and depended on estrogen status. TMJ-responsive neurons were recorded in superficial laminae at the Vc/C1-2 region in ovariectomized (OvX) female rats treated with low-dose estradiol (2 μg/day, LE) or high-dose estradiol (20 μg/day, HE) for 2 days. TMJ-responsive units were activated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP, 1mM) injected into the joint space. Receptor antagonists selective for mGluR1 (CPCCOEt) or mGluR5 (MPEP) were applied topically to the Vc/C1-2 surface at the site of recording 10 min prior to the intra-TMJ ATP stimulus. In HE rats, CPCCOEt (50 and 500 μM) markedly reduced ATP-evoked unit activity. By contrast, in LE rats, a small but significant increase in neural activity was seen after 50 μM CPCCOEt, while 500 μM caused a large reduction in activity that was similar in magnitude as that seen in HE rats. Local application of MPEP produced a significant inhibition of TMJ-evoked unit activity independent of estrogen status. Neither mGluR1 nor mGluR5 antagonism altered the spontaneous activity of TMJ units in HE or LE rats. High-dose MPEP caused a small reduction in the size of the convergent cutaneous receptive field in HE rats, while CPCCOEt had no effect. These data suggest that group I mGluRs play a key role in sensory integration of TMJ nociceptive input to the Vc/C1-2 region and are largely independent of estrogen status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tashiro
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa City, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Y Nishida
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa City, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - D A Bereiter
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Moos Tower 18-214, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Kim M, Kim Y, Seo SH, Baek DJ, Min SJ, Keum G, Choo H. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation ofN3-Alkyl-Thienopyrimidin-4-Ones as mGluR1 Antagonists. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minjoo Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Sangmyung University; Seoul 110-743 Korea
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Seon Hee Seo
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Du-Jong Baek
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Sangmyung University; Seoul 110-743 Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Korea
| | - Gyochang Keum
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Center for Neuro-Medicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 136-791 Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry; University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 305-350 Korea
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Kolber BJ. mGluRs Head to Toe in Pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:281-324. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim Y, Kim J, Kim S, Ki Y, Seo SH, Tae J, Ko MK, Jang HS, Lim EJ, Song C, Cho Y, Koh HY, Chong Y, Choo IH, Keum G, Min SJ, Choo H. Novel thienopyrimidinones as mGluR1 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Castellain RCL, Gesser M, Tonini F, Schulte RV, Demessiano KZ, Wolff FR, Delle-Monache F, Netz DJA, Cechinel-Filho V, de Freitas RA, de Souza MM, Meyre-Silva C. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of Litchi chinensis leaves. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1796-807. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Litchi chinensis has been traditionally used in folk medicine to treat several ailments. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant and antinociceptive activity of L. chinensis leaves.
Methods
The antioxidant capacity of the extract, fraction and compounds was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, and the liposome model with peroxyl radicals generated by 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride radical. The pharmacological models of acute nociception used in mice were: writhing test with acetic acid (AA), hotplate (HP), glutamate (GLU), capsaicin (CP) and formalin (FM) tests.
Key findings
The main compounds isolated were procyanidin A2 (PA2), procyanidin B2 (PB2) and (–)-epicatechin. The biochemical features of the crude extracts and their ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAcFR) presented high antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant activity of PA2 and PB2 was remarkably high, with DPPH and ABTS. The crude methanol extract (MeOHEXTR), EtOAcFR and PB2 were effective in reducing nociception in FM and HP models. MeOHEXTR and EtOAcFR treatments also reduced pain induced by GLU and AA. In the CP model, only EtOAcFR and PB2 were effective.
Conclusions
The results demonstrate the antinociceptive and antioxidant of MeOHEXTR, EtOAcFR and PB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana C L Castellain
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marluci Gesser
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tonini
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Schulte
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kely Z Demessiano
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fellippe R Wolff
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franco Delle-Monache
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daisy J A Netz
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rilton Alves de Freitas
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcia M de Souza
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Supraspinal basis of analgesic and clinical effects of the metabotropic glutamate mGluR1 antagonist during colonic distension in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhong C, Luo Q, Jiang J. Blockade ofN-acetylaspartylglutamate peptidases: a novel protective strategy for brain injuries and neurological disorders. Int J Neurosci 2014; 124:867-73. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.890935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zakaria ZA, Sani MH, Mohammat MF, Mansor NS, Shaameri Z, Kek TL, Salleh MZ, Hamzah AS. Antinociceptive activity of a synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, ASH21374, and determination of its possible mechanisms. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:1143-53. [PMID: 24289087 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the antinociceptive activity of a novel synthetic oxopyrrolidine-based compound, (2R,3R,4S)-ethyl 4-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (ASH21374), and to elucidate the involvement of the opioid, vanilloid, glutamate, and nitric oxide - cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) systems in modulating the observed antinociception. ASH21374, in the doses of 2, 10, and 100 mg/kg body mass, was administered orally to mice 60 mins prior to exposure to various antinociceptive assays. From the results obtained, ASH21374 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in the abdominal constriction, hot-plate, and formalin tests that was comparable with 100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid or 5 mg/kg morphine, respectively. ASH21374 also attenuated capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking. Pre-treatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the activity in all assays, while pretreatment with 10 mg/kg β-funaltraxamine, 1 mg/kg naltrindole, or 1 mg/kg nor-binaltorphimine significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the activity in the abdominal constriction test. l-Arginine, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl esters (l-NAME), methylene blue, and their combinations, failed to inhibit the ASH21374 antinociceptive activity. In conclusion, ASH21374 demonstrated antinociceptive activities on the peripheral and central nervous systems, mediated through the activation of opioid receptors, inhibition of the glutamatergic system, and attenuation of vanilloid-mediated nociceptive transmission. Further studies have been planned to determine the pharmacological potential of ASH21374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- a Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kalliomäki J, Huizar K, Kågedal M, Hägglöf B, Schmelz M. Evaluation of the effects of a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-antagonist on electrically induced pain and central sensitization in healthy human volunteers. Eur J Pain 2013; 17:1465-71. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Schmelz
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim; Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
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Pharmacology of metabotropic glutamate receptor allosteric modulators: structural basis and therapeutic potential for CNS disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 115:61-121. [PMID: 23415092 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394587-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) mediate a neuromodulatory role throughout the brain for the major excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. Seven of the eight mGlu subtypes are expressed within the CNS and are attractive targets for a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Fragile X syndrome. Allosteric modulation of these class C 7-transmembrane spanning receptors represents a novel approach to facilitate development of mGlu subtype-selective probes and therapeutics. Allosteric modulators that interact with sites topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand-binding site offer a number of advantages over their competitive counterparts. In particular for CNS therapeutics, allosteric modulators have the potential to maintain the spatial and temporal aspects of endogenous neurotransmission. The past 15 years have seen the discovery of numerous subtype-selective allosteric modulators for the majority of the mGlu family members, including positive, negative, and neutral allosteric modulators, with a number of mGlu allosteric modulators now in clinical trials.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 contributes to inflammatory tongue pain via extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal cord. J Neuroinflammation 2012. [PMID: 23181395 PMCID: PMC3543209 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the orofacial region, limited information is available concerning pathological tongue pain, such as inflammatory pain or neuropathic pain occurring in the tongue. Here, we tried for the first time to establish a novel animal model of inflammatory tongue pain in rats and to investigate the roles of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in this process. Methods Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was submucosally injected into the tongue to induce the inflammatory pain phenotype that was confirmed by behavioral testing. Expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and mGluR5 in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C2) were detected with immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. pERK inhibitor, a selective mGluR5 antagonist or agonist was continuously administered for 7 days via an intrathecal (i.t.) route. Local inflammatory responses were verified by tongue histology. Results Submucosal injection of CFA into the tongue produced a long-lasting mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia at the inflamed site, concomitant with an increase in the pERK immunoreactivity in the Vc and C1-C2. The distribution of pERK-IR cells was laminar specific, ipsilaterally dominant, somatotopically relevant, and rostrocaudally restricted. Western blot analysis also showed an enhanced activation of ERK in the Vc and C1-C2 following CFA injection. Continuous i.t. administration of the pERK inhibitor and a selective mGluR5 antagonist significantly depressed the mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in the CFA-injected tongue. In addition, the number of pERK-IR cells in ipsilateral Vc and C1-C2 was also decreased by both drugs. Moreover, continuous i.t. administration of a selective mGluR5 agonist induced mechanical allodynia in naive rats. Conclusions The present study constructed a new animal model of inflammatory tongue pain in rodents, and demonstrated pivotal roles of the mGluR5-pERK signaling in the development of mechanical and heat hypersensitivity that evolved in the inflamed tongue. This tongue-inflamed model might be useful for future studies to further elucidate molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathological tongue pain such as burning mouth syndrome.
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Brumfield S, Korakas P, Silverman LS, Tulshian D, Matasi JJ, Qiang L, Bennett CE, Burnett DA, Greenlee WJ, Knutson CE, Wu WL, Sasikumar TK, Domalski M, Bertorelli R, Grilli M, Lozza G, Reggiani A, Li C. Synthesis and SAR development of novel mGluR1 antagonists for the treatment of chronic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7223-6. [PMID: 23084894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High throughput screening identified the pyridothienopyrimidinone 1 as a ligand for the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1=10 nM). Compound 1 has an excellent in vivo profile; however, it displays unfavorable pharmacokinetic issues and metabolic stability. Therefore, using 1 as a template, novel analogues (10i) were prepared. These analogues displayed improved oral exposure and activity in the Spinal Nerve Ligation (SNL) pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Brumfield
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, MS 2545, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539, USA.
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Peripheral nerve injury produces a sustained shift in the balance between glutamate release and uptake in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Pain 2012; 153:2422-2431. [PMID: 23021150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury provokes heightened excitability of primary sensory afferents including nociceptors, and elicits ectopic activity in lesioned and neighboring intact nerve fibers. The major transmitter released by sensory afferents in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord is glutamate. Glutamate is critically involved in nociceptive signaling and the development of neuropathic pain. We recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) from neurons in lamina II of the rat dorsal horn to assess spontaneous synaptic activity after spared nerve injury (SNI), a model of chronic neuropathic pain. Following SNI, the frequency of mEPSCs doubled, indicating heightened glutamate release from primary afferents or spinal interneurons. Consistent with this finding, glutamate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were elevated at 1 and 4 weeks after SNI. Transmitter uptake was insufficient to prevent the rise in extracellular glutamate as the expression of glutamate transporters remained unchanged or decreased. 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride, an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), reduced the frequency of mEPSCs to its preinjury level, suggesting a positive feedback mechanism that involves facilitation of transmitter release by mGluR5 activation in the presence of high extracellular glutamate. Treatment with the β-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone increased the expression of glutamate transporter 1 (Glt1) in the dorsal horn after SNI, raised transmitter uptake, and lowered extracellular glutamate. Improving glutamate clearance prevented the facilitation of transmitter release by mGluR5 and attenuated neuropathic pain-like behavior. Balancing glutamate release and uptake after nerve injury should be an important target in the management of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Zerari-Mailly F, Braud A, Davido N, Touré B, Azérad J, Boucher Y. Glutamate control of pulpal blood flow in the incisor dental pulp of the rat. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:402-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeline Braud
- UFR d'Odontologie; Université Diderot; Paris; France
| | - Nicolas Davido
- Service d'Odontologie; Groupe Hospitalier Pitie Salpêtrière; Paris; France
| | - Babacar Touré
- Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et d'Odontologie; Université Cheikh Anta Diop; Dakar; Sénégal
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α-Amino-β-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acids as a new tool for drug development: Synthesis of glutamic acid analogs and agonist activity towards metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4716-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wilson-Poe AR, Mitchell VA, Vaughan CW. Postsynaptic mGluR mediated excitation of neurons in midbrain periaqueductal grey. Neuropharmacology 2012; 66:348-54. [PMID: 22771462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors modulate pain from within the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG). In the present study, the postsynaptic mGlu receptor mediated effects on rat PAG neurons were examined using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices. The selective group I agonist DHPG (10 μM) produced an inward current in all PAG neurons tested which was associated with a near parallel shift in the current-voltage relationship. By contrast, the group II and III mGlu receptor agonists DCG-IV (1 μM) and l-AP4 (3 μM) produced an outward current in only 10-20% of PAG neurons tested. The DHPG induced current was concentration dependent (EC(50) = 1.4 μM), was reduced by the mGlu1 antagonist CPCCOEt (100 μM), and was further reduced by CPCCOEt in combination with the mGlu5 antagonist MPEP (10 μM). The glutamate transport blocker TBOA (30 μM) also produced an inward current, however, this was largely abolished by CNQX (10 μM) plus AP5 (25 μM). Slow EPSCs were evoked following train, but not single shock stimulation, which were enhanced by TBOA (30 μM). The TBOA enhancement of slow EPSCs was abolished by MPEP plus CPCCOEt. These findings indicate that endogenously released glutamate, under conditions in which neurotransmitter spill-over is enhanced, activates group I mGlu receptors to produce excitatory currents within PAG. Thus, postsynaptic group I mGlu receptors have the potential to directly modulate the analgesic, behavioural and autonomic functions of the PAG. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne R Wilson-Poe
- Pain Management Research Institute, Level 13, Kolling Building, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Antinociceptive Activity of Methanol Extract of Muntingia calabura Leaves and the Mechanisms of Action Involved. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:890361. [PMID: 22611437 PMCID: PMC3351243 DOI: 10.1155/2012/890361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muntingia calabura L. (family Elaeocarpaceae) has been traditionally used to relieve various pain-related ailments. The present study aimed to determine the antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of M. calabura leaves (MEMC) and to elucidate the possible mechanism of antinociception involved. The in vivo chemicals (acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin-, capsaicin-, glutamate-, serotonin-induced paw licking test) and thermal (hot plate test) models of nociception were used to evaluate the extract antinociceptive activity. The extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered orally 60 min prior to subjection to the respective test. The results obtained demonstrated that MEMC produced significant (P < 0.05) antinociceptive response in all the chemical- and thermal-induced nociception models, which was reversed after pretreatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone, a non-selective opioid antagonist. Furthermore, pretreatment with L-arginine (a nitric oxide (NO) donor), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esters (L-NAME; an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS)), methylene blue (MB; an inhibitor of cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway), or their combination also caused significant (P < 0.05) change in the intensity of the MEMC antinociception. In conclusion, the MEMC antinociceptive activity involves activation of the peripheral and central mechanisms, and modulation via, partly, the opioid receptors and NO/cGMP pathway.
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Leo S, Moechars D, Callaerts-Vegh Z, D'Hooge R, Meert T. Impairment of VGLUT2 but not VGLUT1 signaling reduces neuropathy-induced hypersensitivity. Eur J Pain 2012; 13:1008-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bennett CE, Burnett DA, Greenlee WJ, Knutson CE, Korakas P, Li C, Tulshian D, Wu WL, Bertorelli R, Fredduzzi S, Grilli M, Lozza G, Reggiani A, Veltri A. Fused tricyclic mGluR1 antagonists for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1575-8. [PMID: 22266036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of fused tricyclic mGluR1 antagonists containing a pyridone ring were synthesized. In vitro, these antagonists were potent against both human and rat isozymes, as well as selective for inhibiting mGluR1 over mGluR5. When dosed orally, several examples were active in vivo in a rat SNL test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Bennett
- Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539, USA.
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Yang K, Takeuchi K, Wei F, Dubner R, Ren K. Activation of group I mGlu receptors contributes to facilitation of NMDA receptor membrane current in spinal dorsal horn neurons after hind paw inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:509-18. [PMID: 21951968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays a critical role in spinal hyperexcitability and hyperalgesia. The cellular mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unknown. Utilizing an ex vivo spinal slice preparation from young adult rats, we investigated the group I mGlu receptor modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated current in superficial dorsal horn neurons by patch clamp recording after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced hind paw inflammation. We show that NMDA receptor-mediated dorsal root stimulation-evoked EPSC (eEPSC) and NMDA-induced current was enhanced in the inflamed rats, compared to naïve rats and this effect was attenuated by AIDA (1 mM), a group I mGlu receptor antagonist. There were also increases in the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in the presence of tetrodotoxin, suggesting enhanced presynaptic glutamate release probability and postsynaptic membrane responsiveness in inflamed rats. DHPG (10 μM), a selective group I mGlu receptor agonist, further facilitated NMDA receptor-mediated eEPSC and NMDA-induced current in inflamed rats. The DHPG-produced facilitation of NMDA-induced current was blocked by intracellular dialysis of GDP-beta-S (1 mM), a G protein antagonist, and BAPTA (15 mM), an intracellular calcium chelating agent; and by pretreatment with U73,122 (10 μM), a PLC inhibitor, or 2-APB (100 μM), an IP₃-receptor antagonist. These findings support the hypothesis that signal transduction coupling between group I mGlu receptors and NMDA receptors underlies the activation of NMDA receptors in spinal hyperexcitability and hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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50
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Potent mGluR5 antagonists: pyridyl and thiazolyl-ethynyl-3,5-disubstituted-phenyl series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3243-7. [PMID: 21546249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of four series of 3,5-disubstituted-phenyl ligands targeting the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5: (2-methylthiazol-4-yl)ethynyl (1a-j,), (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethynyl (2a-j), (5-methylpyridin-2-yl)ethynyl (3a-j,), and (pyridin-2-yl)ethynyl (4a-j,). The compounds were evaluated for antagonism of glutamate-mediated mobilization of internal calcium in an mGluR5 in vitro assay. All compounds were found to be full antagonists and exhibited low nanomolar to subnanomolar activity.
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