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Yu B, Gauthier R, Olivier C, Villanova J, Follet H, Mitton D, Peyrin F. 3D quantification of the lacunocanalicular network on human femoral diaphysis through synchrotron radiation-based nanoCT. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108111. [PMID: 39059753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the major actors in bone mechanobiology. Within bone matrix, they are trapped close together in a submicrometric interconnected network: the lacunocanalicular network (LCN). The interstitial fluid circulating within the LCN transmits the mechanical information to the osteocytes that convert it into a biochemical signal. Understanding the interstitial fluid dynamics is necessary to better understand the bone mechanobiology. Due to the submicrometric dimensions of the LCN, making it difficult to experimentally investigate fluid dynamics, numerical models appear as a relevant tool for such investigation. To develop such models, there is a need for geometrical and morphological data on the human LCN. This study aims at providing morphological data on the human LCN from measurement of 27 human femoral diaphysis bone samples using synchrotron radiation nano-computed tomography with an isotropic voxel size of 100 nm. Except from the canalicular diameter, the canalicular morphological parameters presented a high variability within one sample. Some differences in terms of both lacunar and canalicular morphology were observed between the male and female populations. But it has to be highlighted that all the canaliculi cannot be detected with a voxel size of 100 nm. Hence, in the current study, only a specific population of large canaliculi that could be characterize. Still, to the authors knowledge, this is the first time such a data set was introduced to the community. Further processing will be achieved in order to provide new insight on the LCN permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Yu
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, 69621 Lyon, France
| | - Remy Gauthier
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 UCBL, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Saint Exupéry, 23 Av. Jean Capelle, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Cécile Olivier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA7 Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, Saint-Martin d'Hères, France
| | | | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, Lyon, France
| | - David Mitton
- Univ Lyon, Univ Gustave Eiffel, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LBMC UMR_T9406, 69622 Lyon, France
| | - Francoise Peyrin
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Etienne, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1206, CREATIS, 69621 Lyon, France
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Bregoli C, Biffi CA, Tuissi A, Buccino F. Effect of trabecular architectures on the mechanical response in osteoporotic and healthy human bone. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03134-8. [PMID: 38822996 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Research at the mesoscale bone trabeculae arrangement yields intriguing results that, due to their clinical resolution, can be applied in clinical field, contributing significantly to the diagnosis of bone-related diseases. While the literature offers quantitative morphometric parameters for a thorough characterization of the mesoscale bone network, there is a gap in understanding relationships among them, particularly in the context of various bone pathologies. This research aims to bridge these gaps by offering a quantitative evaluation of the interplay among morphometric parameters and mechanical response at mesoscale in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bones. Bone mechanical response, dependent on trabecular arrangement, is defined by apparent stiffness, computationally calculated using the Gibson-Ashby model. Key findings indicate that: (i) in addition to bone density, measured using X-ray absorptiometry, trabecular connectivity density, trabecular spacing and degree of anisotropy are crucial parameters for characterize osteoporosis state; (ii) apparent stiffness values exhibit strong correlations with bone density and connectivity density; (iii) connectivity density and degree of anisotropy result the best predictors of mechanical response. Despite the inherent heterogeneity in bone structure, suggesting the potential benefit of a larger sample size in the future, this approach presents a valuable method to enhance discrimination between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bregoli
- National Research Council, CNR-ICMTE, Lecco, Italy.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Politecnico Di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | | | | | - Federica Buccino
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Politecnico Di Milano, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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3
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Galassi FM, Lorkiewicz W, Filipiak J, Nikodem A, Żądzińska E. Age- and sex-related changes in vertebral trabecular bone architecture in Neolithic and Mediaeval populations from Poland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9977. [PMID: 38693297 PMCID: PMC11063184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates trabecular bone ontogenetic changes in two different Polish populations, one prehistoric and the other historical. The studied populations are from the Brześć Kujawski region in Kujawy (north-central Poland), one from the Neolithic Period (4500-4000 BC) and one from the Middle Ages (twelfth-sixteenth centuries AD), in total 62 vertebral specimens (32 males, 30 females). Eight morphometric parameters acquired from microCT scan images were analysed. Two-way ANOVA after Box-Cox transformation and multifactorial regression model were calculated. A significant decrease in percentage bone volume fraction (BV/TV; [%]) with age at death was observed in the studied sample; Tb.N (trabecular number) was also significantly decreased with age; trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) increased with advancing age; connectivity density (Conn.D) was negatively correlated with biological age and higher in the Neolithic population. These data are found to be compatible with data from the current biomedical literature, while no loss of horizontal trabeculae was recorded as would be expected based on modern osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Galassi
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Filipiak
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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4
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Scott JW, Ng KCG, Liddle AD, Jeffers JRT. Method for accurate removal of trabecular bone samples from a curved articulating surface of the distal femur. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 115:106240. [PMID: 38615548 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowing the mechanical properties of trabecular bone is critical for many branches of orthopaedic research. Trabecular bone is anisotropic and the principal trabecular direction is usually aligned with the load it transmits. It is therefore critical that the mechanical properties are measured as close as possible to this direction, which is often perpendicular to a curved articulating surface. METHODS This study presents a method to extract trabecular bone cores perpendicular to a curved articulating surface of the distal femur. Cutting guides were generated from computed tomography scans of 12 human distal femora and a series of cutting tools were used to release cylindrical bone cores from the femora. The bone cores were then measured to identify the angle between the bone core axis and the principal trabecular axis. FINDINGS The method yielded an 83% success rate in core extraction over 10 core locations per distal femur specimen. In the condyles, 97% of extracted cores were aligned with the principal trabecular direction. INTERPRETATION This method is a reliable way of extracting trabecular bone specimens perpendicular to a curved articular surface and could be useful across the field of orthopaedic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Scott
- Biomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - K C Geoffrey Ng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, Canada; MSk Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D Liddle
- MSk Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R T Jeffers
- Biomechanics Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Glück T, Zablotski Y, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Microcomputed tomographic analysis of the ulnar trochlear notch in medium- and large-breed canine cadavers with and without medial coronoid disease. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105108. [PMID: 38101086 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a common disease often associated with thoracic limb lameness in medium- and large-breed dogs. The term MCD includes subchondral changes of the medial coronoid process (MCP), as well as pathologies of both cartilaginous surfaces. As there are only a few comprehensive and detailed studies on the trabecular structure of the medial coronoid, the goal of this study was to compare the trabecular structure of the ulnar trochlear notch of canine cadavers with and without MCD using different micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) parameters. Fifty-eight elbow joints from 29 canine cadavers of MCD-predisposed and non-predisposed breeds (control group) were examined radiographically, macroscopically and by microcomputed tomography. The study included elbow joints of eight Labrador Retrievers (21.6-37 kg), seven Golden Retrievers (26.3-42 kg), seven Bernese Mountain dogs (31-47 kg) and seven dogs of non-predisposed breeds (19.7-52 kg) (control group). The final diagnosis of MCD was based on necropsy and micro-computed tomographic examinations. Micro-CT examinations were performed using XtremeCT II (Scanco Medical, Zurich, Switzerland) and the following parameters were examined: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.D) and degree of anisotropy (DA). Twenty-four elbows of 44 elbows of the predisposed breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers Bernese Mountain dogs) showed subchondral changes and lesions of the cartilage surfaces. The result of this study is a higher density (BV/TV) of the trabecular bone of the ulnar trochlear notch in elbows affected by MCD compared to the control group. The increased density due to trabecular reconstruction in the ulnar trochlear notch is likely the result of selectively increased loading during life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Glück
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Barak MM. The trabecular architecture of the popliteal sesamoid bone (cyamella) from a New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21660. [PMID: 38100742 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sesamoid bones are ossified structures that are embedded in tendons near articulation. They consist of an inner trabecular bone architecture surrounded by a thin cortical shell. While the formation of sesamoid bones is probably mainly controlled by genetic factors, the proper development and mineralization of a sesamoid bone depends also on mechanical stimulation. While most sesamoid bones are not loaded directly by other bones during locomotion, they still experience forces directed from the tendon in which they are embedded. In cases when the sesamoid bone is experiencing forces only from a single tendon, such as the cyamella in the rabbit, this may give us a tool to study bone functional adaptation in a relatively simple loading setting. This study investigates the internal trabecular architecture of the popliteal sesamoid bone (cyamellae) in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Five hind limbs of NZW rabbits were micro-computed tomography scanned and the cortical and trabecular architectures of the cyamellae were evaluated. The results revealed that similar to the patella, the cyamella has a thin cortex and a high trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), which is derived mostly from the high trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Trabecular BV/TV and Tb.Th were not distributed homogeneously, but they were lower at the periphery and higher closer to the proximal and middle of the cyamella, near the musculotendinous junction. The results also demonstrated that trabeculae tend to align along two recognizable orientations, one with the direction of tensile stresses, in line with the popliteal tendon, and the second bridging the narrow space between the cranial and caudal cortical faces of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir M Barak
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, USA
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Zhou Y, Isaksson P, Persson C. An improved trabecular bone model based on Voronoi tessellation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106172. [PMID: 37852087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Accurate numerical and physical models of trabecular bone, correctly representing its complexity and variability, could be highly advantageous in the development of e.g. new bone-anchored implants due to the limited availability of real bone. Several Voronoi tessellation-based porous models have been reported in the literature, attempting to mimic the trabecular bone. However, these models have been limited to lattice rod-like structures, which are only structurally representative of very high-porosity trabecular bone. The objective of this study was to provide an improved model, more representative of trabecular bone of different porosity. METHODS Boolean operations were utilized to merge scaled Voronoi cells, thereby introducing different structural patterns, controlling porosity and to some extent anisotropy. The mechanical properties of the structures were evaluated using analytical estimations, numerical simulations, and experimental compression tests of 3D-printed versions of the structures. The capacity of the developed models to represent trabecular bone was assessed by comparing some key geometric features with trabecular bone characterized in previous studies. RESULTS The models gave the possibility to provide pore interconnectivity at relatively low porosities as well as both plate- and rod-like structures. The mechanical properties of the generated models were predictable with numerical simulations as well as an analytical approach. The permeability was found to be better than Sawbones at the same porosity. The models also showed the capability of matching e.g. some vertebral structures for key geometric features. CONCLUSIONS An improved numerical model for mimicking trabecular bone structures was successfully developed using Voronoi tessellation and Boolean operations. This is expected to benefit both computational and experimental studies by providing a more diverse and representative structure of trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden.
| | - Per Isaksson
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden.
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden.
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Wang C, Wang P, Li F, Li Y, Zhao M, Feng H, Meng H, Li J, Shi P, Peng J, Tian H. Study on the association of the microstructure and bone metabolism in the osteoporotic femoral head. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7437-7444. [PMID: 37479877 PMCID: PMC10460722 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the bone microstructure and metabolism of the femoral heads in patients with osteoporosis (OP) and non-OP patients to investigate the pathologic mechanism of OP and guide clinical treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS From January 2020 to June 2021, we obtained femoral head samples from 30 patients undergoing hip replacement due to femoral neck fracture. All patients were women aged approximately 67 to 80 years (mean age, 74 years). According to the dual-energy X-ray results, the femoral head samples were divided into the OP (T< - 2.5) and non-OP (T > - 1.5) groups. Microcomputed tomography scanning, bone metrology analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were used to compare the local bone trabecular microstructure changes. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to identify changes in the osteogenesis-related genes and the osteoclast-related genes in specific regions to reflect osteogenic and osteoclastic activities. Femoral heads with OP showed significant changes in the local bone microstructure. Bone density, bone volume fraction, and the number and thickness of the bone trabeculae decreased. Local bone metabolism was imbalanced in the areas with microstructural changes in femoral heads with OP, with increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. CONCLUSIONS Deterioration of bone microstructure is closely related to abnormal bone metabolism associated with the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in osteoporotic femoral heads. Promoting bone formation by improving local bone metabolism, enhancing osteogenic activity and inhibiting osteoclast activity may be a promising way of preventing local OP and osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics/Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA/The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Minwei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics/Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA/The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Junyang Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Centre for Robotics and Automation, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Centre for Robotics and Automation, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics/Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA/The Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics/Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education /Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
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Xiong Z, Rouquier L, Chappard C, Bachy M, Huang X, Potier E, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T. A New Microarchitecture-Based Parameter to Predict the Micromechanical Properties of Bone Allografts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093349. [PMID: 37176232 PMCID: PMC10179528 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds are an essential component of bone tissue engineering. They provide support and create a physiological environment for cells to proliferate and differentiate. Bone allografts extracted from human donors are promising scaffolds due to their mechanical and structural characteristics. Bone microarchitecture is well known to be an important determinant of macroscopic mechanical properties, but its role at the microscopic, i.e., the trabeculae level is still poorly understood. The present study investigated linear correlations between microarchitectural parameters obtained from X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) images of bone allografts, such as bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), or ellipsoid factor (EF), and micromechanical parameters derived from micro-finite element calculations, such as mean axial strain (εz) and strain energy density (We). DAEF, a new parameter based on a linear combination of the two microarchitectural parameters DA and EF, showed a strong linear correlation with the bone mechanical characteristics at the microscopic scale. Our results concluded that the spatial distribution and the plate-and-rod structure of trabecular bone are the main determinants of the mechanical properties of bone at the microscopic level. The DAEF parameter could, therefore, be used as a tool to predict the level of mechanical stimulation at the local scale, a key parameter to better understand and optimize the mechanism of osteogenesis in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiong
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Léa Rouquier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Manon Bachy
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Xingrong Huang
- Laboratory of Complex Systems, Ecole Centrale de Pékin, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hoc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France
- Mechanical Department, MSGMGC, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France
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Ntep Ntep DB, Mballa Amougou JC, Mendouga Menye CR, Bengondo Messanga C. Evaluation of the effects of melatonin on the post-extraction sockets of wistar rats exposed to a therapeutic dose of alendronate. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2023.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Vafaeefar M, Moerman KM, Kavousi M, Vaughan TJ. A morphological, topological and mechanical investigation of gyroid, spinodoid and dual-lattice algorithms as structural models of trabecular bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105584. [PMID: 36436405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the performance of three algorithms as computational models of trabecular bone architecture, through systematic evaluation of morphometric, topological, and mechanical properties. Here, we consider the widely-used gyroid lattice structure, the recently-developed spinodoid structure and a structure similar to Voronoi lattices introduced here as the dual-lattice. While all computational models were calibrated to recreate the trabecular tissue volume (e.g. BV/TV), it was found that both the gyroid- and spinodoid-based structures showed substantial differences in many other morphometric and topological parameters and, in turn, showed lower effective mechanical properties compared to trabecular bone. The newly-developed dual-lattice structures better captured both morphometric parameters and mechanical properties, despite certain differences being evident their topological configuration compared to trabecular bone. Still, these computational algorithms provide useful platforms to investigate trabecular bone mechanics and for designing biomimetic structures, which could be produced through additive manufacturing for applications that include bone substitutes, scaffolds and porous implants. Furthermore, the software for the creation of the structures has been added to the open source toolbox GIBBON and is therefore freely available to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Vafaeefar
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC) and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kevin M Moerman
- Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Majid Kavousi
- Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC) and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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12
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Evaluation of chronic renal failure with cone beam computed tomography radiomorphometric indices and fractal analysis in the mandible. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:133-142. [PMID: 35484445 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mandibular bone structure of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and compare to control group via the fractal analysis (FA) and radiomorphometric indices in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS Three observers retrospectively investigated 44 CBCT images to compare patients with CRF to healthy controls. FA was performed in two different areas, volume of interests (VOI) were chosen in the mandibular ramus and corpus. The CT cortical index (CTCI), CT mental index (CTMI), and CT mandibular index (CTI) were performed to determine cortical porosity and thickness. The normality distribution of numerical data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnova and Shapiro-Wilk tests. According to the results, the Mann-Whitney U test and independent group t test were used for parameters. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the distribution of categorical variables by groups. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in VOI1 and VOI2. The fractal dimension (FD) values in VOI1 and VOI2 were significantly lower in study group. There were no significant differences in CTCI, CTMI and CTI measurements between both groups. CONCLUSIONS CRF is a prevalent cause of radiographic abnormalities in jawbones. The FD values in trabecular bone decreased in study group, although there were no significant differences in the radiomorphometric indices. FA in CBCT images could be useful for a three-dimensional evaluation of trabecular bone structure.
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Figus C, Stephens NB, Sorrentino R, Bortolini E, Arrighi S, Higgins OA, Lugli F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Baruffaldi F, Belcastro MG, Bernardini F, Festa A, Hajdu T, Mateovics‐László O, Pap I, Szeniczey T, Tuniz C, Ryan TM, Benazzi S. Morphologies in-between: The impact of the first steps on the human talus. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:124-142. [PMID: 35656925 PMCID: PMC10083965 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of bipedalism is a very complex activity that contributes to shaping the anatomy of the foot. The talus, which starts ossifying in utero, may account for the developing stages from the late gestational phase onwards. Here, we explore the early development of the talus in both its internal and external morphology to broaden the knowledge of the anatomical changes that occur during early development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consists of high-resolution microCT scans of 28 modern juvenile tali (from 36 prenatal weeks to 2 years), from a broad chronological range from the Late Roman period to the 20th century. We applied geometric morphometric and whole-bone trabecular analysis to investigate the early talar morphological changes. RESULTS In the youngest group (<6 postnatal months), the immature external shell is accompanied by an isotropic internal structure, with thin and densely packed trabeculae. After the initial attempts of locomotion, bone volume fraction decreases, while anisotropy and trabecular thickness increase. These internal changes correspond to the maturation of the external shell, which is now more defined and shows the development of the articular surfaces. DISCUSSION The internal and external morphology of the human talus reflects the diverse load on the foot during the initial phases of the bipedal locomotion, with the youngest group potentially reflecting the lack of readiness of the human talus to bear forces and perform bipedal walking. These results highlight the link between mechanical loading and bone development in the human talus during the acquisition of bipedalism, providing new insight into the early phases of talar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Figus
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Nicholas B. Stephens
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences – BigeaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Human Ecology and Archaeology (HUMANE)IMF, CSI0CBarcelonaSpain
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Owen A. Higgins
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Giulia Marciani
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Research Unit Prehistory and Anthropology, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Sara Silvestrini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Fabio Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Medical TechnologyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences – BigeaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversità Ca'FoscariVeneziaItaly
- Multidisciplinary LaboratoryAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTriesteItaly
| | - Anna Festa
- Laboratory of Medical TechnologyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Ildiko Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and InformaticsSzeged UniversitySzegedHungary
- Department of AnthropologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Multidisciplinary LaboratoryAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTriesteItaly
- Centre for Archaeological ScienceUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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14
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Figus C, Stephens NB, Sorrentino R, Bortolini E, Arrighi S, Lugli F, Marciani G, Oxilia G, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Baruffaldi F, Belcastro MG, Bernardini F, Erjavec I, Festa A, Hajdu T, Mateovics‐László O, Novak M, Pap I, Szeniczey T, Tuniz C, Ryan TM, Benazzi S. Human talar ontogeny: Insights from morphological and trabecular changes during postnatal growth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 179:211-228. [PMCID: PMC9804293 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The study of the development of human bipedalism can provide a unique perspective on the evolution of morphology and behavior across species. To generate new knowledge of these mechanisms, we analyze changes in both internal and external morphology of the growing human talus in a sample of modern human juveniles using an innovative approach. Materials and Methods The sample consists of high‐resolution microCT scans of 70 modern juvenile tali, aged between 8 postnatal weeks and 10 years old, from a broad chronological range from Middle/Late Neolithic, that is, between 4800 and 4500 BCE, to the 20th century. We applied geometric morphometric and whole‐bone trabecular analysis (bone volume fraction, degree of anisotropy, trabecular number, thickness, and spacing) to all specimens to identify changes in the external and internal morphology during growth. Morphometric maps were also generated. Results During the first year of life, the talus has an immature and globular shape, with a dense, compact, and rather isotropic trabecular architecture, with numerous trabeculae packed closely together. This pattern changes while children acquire a more mature gait, and the talus tends to have a lower bone volume fraction, a higher anisotropy, and a more mature shape. Discussion The changes in talar internal and external morphologies reflect the different loading patterns experienced during growth, gradually shifting from an “unspecialized” morphology to a more complex one, following the development of bipedal gait. Our research shows that talar plasticity, even though genetically driven, may show mechanical influences and contribute to tracking the main locomotor milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Figus
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Nicholas B. Stephens
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences – BigeaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
- Human Ecology and Archaeology (HUMANE)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Giulia Marciani
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Sara Silvestrini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Fabio Baruffaldi
- Laboratory of Medical TechnologyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Maria Giovanna Belcastro
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences – BigeaUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Federico Bernardini
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversità Ca'FoscariVeneziaItaly
- Multidisciplinary LaboratoryAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTriesteItaly
| | - Igor Erjavec
- Laboratory for Mineralized TissueCentre for Translational and Clinical ResearchZagrebCroatia
| | - Anna Festa
- Laboratory of Medical TechnologyIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Mario Novak
- Centre for Applied BioanthropologyInstitute for Anthropological ResearchZagrebCroatia
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of AnthropologyHungarian Natural History MuseumBudapestHungary
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and InformaticsSzeged UniversitySzegedHungary
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Claudio Tuniz
- Multidisciplinary LaboratoryAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsTriesteItaly
- Centre for Archaeological ScienceUniversity of WollongongWollongongAustralia
| | - Timothy M. Ryan
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
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15
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Haque E, Xiao P, Ye K, Wang X. Probability-based approach for characterization of microarchitecture and its effect on elastic properties of trabecular bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Ontogenetic Patterning of Human Subchondral Bone Microarchitecture in the Proximal Tibia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071002. [PMID: 36101383 PMCID: PMC9312028 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography images were acquired for 31 proximal human tibiae, age 8 to 37.5 years, from Norris Farms #36 cemetery site (A.D. 1300). Morphometric analysis of subchondral cortical and trabecular bone architecture was performed between and within the tibial condyles. Kruskal−Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine the association between region, age, body mass, and each morphometric parameter. The findings indicate that age-related changes in mechanical loading have varied effects on subchondral bone morphology. With age, trabecular microstructure increased in bone volume fraction (p = 0.033) and degree of anisotropy (p = 0.012), and decreased in connectivity density (p = 0.001). In the subchondral cortical plate, there was an increase in thickness (p < 0.001). When comparing condylar regions, only degree of anisotropy differed (p = 0.004) between the medial and lateral condyles. Trabeculae in the medial condyle were more anisotropic than in the lateral region. This research represents an innovative approach to quantifying both cortical and trabecular subchondral bone microarchitecture in archaeological remains.
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17
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Peña Fernández M, Sasso SJ, McPhee S, Black C, Kanczler J, Tozzi G, Wolfram U. Nonlinear micro finite element models based on digital volume correlation measurements predict early microdamage in newly formed bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 132:105303. [PMID: 35671669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone regeneration in critical-sized defects is a clinical challenge, with biomaterials under constant development aiming at enhancing the natural bone healing process. The delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in appropriate carriers represents a promising strategy for bone defect treatment but optimisation of the spatial-temporal release is still needed for the regeneration of bone with biological, structural, and mechanical properties comparable to the native tissue. Nonlinear micro finite element (μFE) models can address some of these challenges by providing a tool able to predict the biomechanical strength and microdamage onset in newly formed bone when subjected to physiological or supraphysiological loads. Yet, these models need to be validated against experimental data. In this study, experimental local displacements in newly formed bone induced by osteoinductive biomaterials subjected to in situ X-ray computed tomography compression in the apparent elastic regime and measured using digital volume correlation (DVC) were used to validate μFE models. Displacement predictions from homogeneous linear μFE models were highly correlated to DVC-measured local displacements, while tissue heterogeneity capturing mineralisation differences showed negligible effects. Nonlinear μFE models improved the correlation and showed that tissue microdamage occurs at low apparent strains. Microdamage seemed to occur next to large cavities or in biomaterial-induced thin trabeculae, independent of the mineralisation. While localisation of plastic strain accumulation was similar, the amount of damage accumulated in these locations was slightly higher when including material heterogeneity. These results demonstrate the ability of the nonlinear μFE model to capture local microdamage in newly formed bone tissue and can be exploited to improve the current understanding of healing bone and mechanical competence. This will ultimately aid the development of BMPs delivery systems for bone defect treatment able to regenerate bone with optimal biological, mechanical, and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peña Fernández
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Sebastian J Sasso
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Samuel McPhee
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Cameron Black
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Development Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Janos Kanczler
- Bone & Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development & Health, Institute of Development Sciences, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, EH14 4AS, UK.
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18
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Ding M, Koroma KE, Wendt D, Martin I, Martinetti R, Jespersen S, Schrøder HD, Overgaard S. Efficacy of bioreactor-activated bone substitute with bone marrow nuclear cells on fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture in sheep. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1862-1875. [PMID: 35233920 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors have been used for bone graft engineering in pre-clinical investigations over the past 15 years. The ability of bioreactor-incubated bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNCs) to enhance bone-forming potential varies significantly, and the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of BMNCs within the scaffold is largely unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the efficacy of a carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with/without BMNCs on spine fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture using a highly challenging two-level posterolateral spine fusion without instrumentation; and (2) to evaluate 3D distribution of BMNCs within scaffolds characterized by immunohistochemistry. Fusion rate and fusion mass were quantified by micro-CT, microarchitectural analysis, and histology. While the homogenous 3D distribution of BMNCs was not observed, BMNCs were found to migrate towards a substitute core. In the autograft group, the healing rate was 83.3%, irrespective of the presence of BMNCs. In the CHA group, also 83.3% was fused in the presence of BMNCs, and 66.7% fused without BMNCs. A significant decrease in the fusion mass porosity (p = .001) of the CHA group suggested the deposition of mineralized bone. The autograft group revealed more bone, thicker trabeculae, and better trabecular orientation but less connection compared to the CHA group. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the ability of bioreactors to incubate a large-sized substitute coated with viable BMNCs with the potential for proliferation and differentiation. These findings suggested that a bioreactor-activated substitute is comparable to autograft on spine fusion and that new functional bone regeneration could be achieved by a combination of BMNCs, biomaterials, and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kariatta Esther Koroma
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Wendt
- Department of Surgery and of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Surgery and of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stig Jespersen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Daa Schrøder
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Okuma G, Tanaka S, Wakai F. Domain coarsening in viscous sintering as a result of topological pore evolution. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Tan J, Labrinidis A, Williams R, Mian M, Anderson PJ, Ranjitkar S. Micro-CT-Based Bone Microarchitecture Analysis of the Murine Skull. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2403:129-145. [PMID: 34913121 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging has important applications in microarchitecture analysis of cortical and trabecular bone structure. While standardized protocols exist for micro-CT-based microarchitecture assessment of long bones, specific protocols need to be developed for different types of skull bones taking into account differences in embryogenesis, organization, development, and growth compared to the rest of the body. This chapter describes the general principles of bone microarchitecture analysis of murine craniofacial skeleton to accommodate for morphological variations in different regions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Tan
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Agatha Labrinidis
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ruth Williams
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mustafa Mian
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarbin Ranjitkar
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. .,Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Ding M, Overgaard S. Degenerations in Global Morphometry of Cancellous Bone in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis of Femoral Heads are Similar but More Severe than in Ageing Controls. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:57-64. [PMID: 34244838 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently revealed significant differences in microarchitectural properties (i.e. global and local morphometries) and mechanical properties between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) in cancellous bones. This study compared these properties with those of ageing controls by matching bone volume fraction (BV/TV), the most important determinant for bones' mechanical properties, to investigate whether these bones have similar properties and degenerative potentials. RA, OA and OP femoral heads were harvested from patients undergoing total hip replacement surgery. The selected patients were matched by similar cancellous bone BV/TV, with seven patients in each group. Four samples were prepared from each femoral head and scanned with micro-CT to quantify microarchitectural properties and compression tested to determine mechanical properties. In terms of global morphometry, no significant differences were observed between these diseased bones. In terms of local morphometry, the number of plates in the RA group was significantly greater than that of the OP and control groups. Plate volume density in the RA group was significantly greater than in the control group. Interestingly, the ultimate stresses in the three diseased groups were 77% to 195% lower than in the control group (p < 0.001). Degenerations of global morphometry of cancellous bones in these diseased femoral heads are similar but more severe than in ageing controls matched by BV/TV, as evidenced by pronounced reduction in bone strength. This phenomenon suggests that some local morphometric parameters, along with other factors, such as abnormal collagen, mineralisation, erosion and microdamage, may contribute to further compromising mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ding
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 15, 3rd Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Søren Overgaard
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloewsvej 15, 3rd Floor, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Baron C, Follet H, Pithioux M, Payan C, Lasaygues P. Assessing the Elasticity of Child Cortical Bone. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:297-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Determination of anisotropic elastic parameters from morphological parameters of cancellous bone for osteoporotic lumbar spine. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 60:263-278. [PMID: 34843037 PMCID: PMC8724118 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In biomechanics, large finite element models with macroscopic representation of several bones or joints are necessary to analyze implant failure mechanisms. In order to handle large simulation models of human bone, it is crucial to homogenize the trabecular structure regarding the mechanical behavior without losing information about the realistic material properties. Accordingly, morphology and fabric measurements of 60 vertebral cancellous bone samples from three osteoporotic lumbar spines were performed on the basis of X-ray microtomography (μCT) images to determine anisotropic elastic parameters as a function of bone density in the area of pedicle screw anchorage. The fabric tensor was mapped in cubic bone volumes by a 3D mean-intercept-length method. Fabric measurements resulted in a high degree of anisotropy (DA = 0.554). For the Young’s and shear moduli as a function of bone volume fraction (BV/TV, bone volume/total volume), an individually fit function was determined and high correlations were found (97.3 ≤ R2 ≤ 99.1,p < 0.005). The results suggest that the mathematical formulation for the relationship between anisotropic elastic constants and BV/TV is applicable to current μCT data of cancellous bone in the osteoporotic lumbar spine. In combination with the obtained results and findings, the developed routine allows determination of elastic constants of osteoporotic lumbar spine. Based on this, the elastic constants determined using homogenization theory can enable efficient investigation of human bone using finite element analysis (FEA). Cancellous Bone with Fabric Tensor Ellipsoid representing anisotropy and principal axis (colored coordinate system) of given trabecular structure ![]()
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24
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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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25
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Zack EH, Smith SM, Angielczyk KD. Effect of captivity on the vertebral bone microstructure of xenarthran mammals. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1611-1628. [PMID: 34677912 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Captive specimens in museum collections facilitate study of rare taxa, but the lifestyles, diets, and lifespans of captive animals differ from their wild counterparts. Trabecular bone architecture adapts to in vivo forces, and may reflect interspecific variation in ecology and behavior as well as intraspecific variation between captive and wild specimens. We compared trunk vertebrae bone microstructure in captive and wild xenarthran mammals to test the effects of ecology and captivity. We collected μCT scans of the last six presacral vertebrae in 13 fossorial, terrestrial, and suspensorial xenarthran species (body mass: 120 g to 35 kg). For each vertebra, we measured centrum length; bone volume fraction (BV.TV); trabecular number and mean thickness (Tb.Th); global compactness (GC); cross-sectional area; mean intercept length; star length distribution; and connectivity and connectivity density. Wild specimens have more robust trabeculae, but this varies with species, ecology, and pathology. Wild specimens of fossorial taxa (Dasypus) have more robust trabeculae than captives, but there is no clear difference in bone microstructure between wild and captive specimens of suspensorial taxa (Bradypus, Choloepus), suggesting that locomotor ecology influences the degree to which captivity affects bone microstructure. Captive Tamandua and Myrmecophaga have higher BV.TV, Tb.Th, and GC than their wild counterparts due to captivity-caused bone pathologies. Our results add to the understanding of variation in mammalian bone microstructure, suggest caution when including captive specimens in bone microstructure research, and indicate the need to better replicate the habitats, diets, and behavior of animals in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellianna H Zack
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie M Smith
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Angielczyk
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Callens SJ, Tourolle né Betts DC, Müller R, Zadpoor AA. The local and global geometry of trabecular bone. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:343-361. [PMID: 34129955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The organization and shape of the microstructural elements of trabecular bone govern its physical properties, are implicated in bone disease, and serve as blueprints for biomaterial design. To devise fundamental structure-property relationships and design truly bone-mimicking biomaterials, it is essential to characterize trabecular bone structure from the perspective of geometry, the mathematical study of shape. Using micro-CT images from 70 donors at five different sites, we analyze the local and global geometry of human trabecular bone in detail, respectively by quantifying surface curvatures and Minkowski functionals. We find that curvature density maps provide distinct and sensitive shape fingerprints for bone from different sites. Contrary to a common assumption, these curvature maps also show that bone morphology does not approximate a minimal surface but exhibits a much more intricate curvature landscape. At the global (or integral) perspective, our Minkowski analysis illustrates that trabecular bone exhibits other types of anisotropy/ellipticity beyond interfacial orientation, and that anisotropy varies substantially within the trabecular structure. Moreover, we show that the Minkowski functionals unify several traditional morphometric indices. Our geometric approach to trabecular morphometry provides a fundamental language of shape that could be useful for bone failure prediction, understanding geometry-driven tissue growth, and the design of bone-mimicking tissue scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The architecture of trabecular bone is key in determining bone properties, and is often a starting point for the design of bone-substitutes. Despite the substantial history of bone morphometry, a fundamental characterization of trabecular bone geometry is still lacking. Therefore, we introduce a robust framework to quantify local and global trabecular bone geometry, which we apply to hundreds of micro-CT scans. Our approach relies on quantifying surface curvatures and Minkowski functionals, which are the most fundamental local and global shape quantifiers. Our results show that these shape metrics are sensitive to differences between bone types and unify traditional metrics within a single mathematical framework. This geometrical framework could also be useful to design bone-mimicking scaffolds and understand geometry-driven tissue growth.
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Sacher S, Hernandez CJ, Donnelly E. Characterization of Ultralow Density Cellular Solids: Lessons from 30 years of Bone Biomechanics Research. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2021; 23:2100206. [PMID: 34456625 PMCID: PMC8389487 DOI: 10.1002/adem.202100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the development of micro-architectured materials displaying a combination of low-density and lightweight structures with high specific strength and toughness. The mechanical performance of micro-architectured materials can be assessed using standard techniques; however, when studying low- and ultralow density micro-architectured materials, standard characterization techniques can be subject to experimental artifacts. Additionally, quantitative assessment and comparisons of microarchitectures with distinct lattice patterns is not always straightforward. Cancellous bone is a natural, ultralow density (porosity often exceeding 90%), irregular, cellular solid that has been thoroughly characterized in terms of micro-architecture and mechanical performance over the past 30 years. However, most the literature on cancellous bone mechanical properties and micro-structure-function relationships is in the medical literature and is not immediately accessible to materials designers. Here we provide a brief review of state-of-the-art approaches for characterizing the micro-architecture and mechanical performance of ultralow density cancellous bone, including methods of addressing experimental artifacts during mechanical characterization of ultralow density cellular solids, methods of quantifying microarchitecture, and currently understood structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sacher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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Biggemann J, Stumpf M, Fey T. Porous Alumina Ceramics with Multimodal Pore Size Distributions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123294. [PMID: 34198712 PMCID: PMC8232101 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pore networks with multimodal pore size distributions combining advantages from isotropic and anisotropic shaped pores of different sizes are highly attractive to optimize the physical properties of porous ceramics. Multimodal porous Al2O3 ceramics were manufactured using pyrolyzed cellulose fibers (l = 150 µm, d = 8 µm) and two types of isotropic phenolic resin spheres (d = 30 and 300 µm) as sacrificial templates. The sacrificial templates were homogeneously distributed in the Al2O3 matrix, compacted by uniaxial pressing and extracted by a burnout and sintering process up to 1700 °C in air. The amount of sacrificial templates was varied up to a volume content of 67 Vol% to form pore networks with porosities of 0-60 Vol%. The mechanical and thermal properties were measured by 4-point-bending and laser flash analysis (LFA) resulting in bending strengths of 173 MPa to 14 MPa and heat conductivities of 22.5 Wm-1K-1 to 4.6 Wm-1K-1. Based on µCT-measurements, the representative volume-of-interest (VOI) of the samples digital twin was determined for further analysis. The interconnectivity, tortuosity, permeability, the local and global stress distribution as well as strut and cell size distribution were evaluated on the digital twin's VOI. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the samples pore network can be tailored by changing the fiber to sphere ratio and the overall sacrificial template volume. The presence pore formers significantly influenced the mechanical and thermal properties, resulting in higher strengths for samples containing fibrous templates and lower heat conductivities for samples containing spherical templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Biggemann
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Stumpf
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Tobias Fey
- Department of Materials Science (Glass and Ceramics), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany; (J.B.); (M.S.)
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-8527-546
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Webb NM. The Functional and Allometric Implications of Hipbone Trabecular Microarchitecture in a Sample of Eutherian and Metatherian Mammals. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe pelvis plays an active role in weight bearing and countering the ground reaction forces incurred by the hindlimbs thus making it a critical component of the locomotor skeleton. Accordingly, this anatomical region is theoretically ideal for inferring locomotor behavior from both external skeletal morphology and trabecular microarchitecture, with the latter possibly offering nuanced insights into the mechanical loading environment given its increased plasticity and higher turnover rate. However, trabecular microarchitecture is also known to be influenced by a variety of factors including body size, sex, age, genetic regulation, diet and activity level, that collectively hinder the ability to generate consistent functional inferences. In this study, a comparative sample of mammals (42 species spanning four orders) of varying sizes, yet comparable locomotor repertoires, were evaluated to determine the effects of body size, phylogeny and locomotion on hipbone trabecular microarchitecture. This study found a weak functional signal detected in differences in bone volume fraction and the degree of anisotropy across certain pre-assigned locomotor categories, while confirming previously recognized allometric scaling trends reported for other mammalian samples based on the femur. Within primates, a more anisotropic pattern was observed for quadrupedal species attributed to their repetitive loading regimes and stereotypical limb excursions, while isotropic values were revealed for taxa utilizing more varied arboreal repertoires. Humans, despite a frequent and predictable loading environment associated with their use of bipedalism, showed relatively isotropic values. This study highlights the confounding factors that influence trabecular microarchitecture and consequently limit its utility as a method for investigating locomotor adaptation.
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Tommy KA, Zipfel B, Kibii J, Carlson KJ. Trabecular bone properties in the ilium of the Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age Border Cave 3 Homo sapiens infant and the onset of independent gait. J Hum Evol 2021; 155:102984. [PMID: 33945891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Border Cave 3 (BC3) infant skeleton has been understudied, despite its importance as an example of a well-preserved and fairly complete immature skeleton of early Homo sapiens which potentially provides a rare window into various aspects of ontogenetic development, including locomotor activity (e.g., timing of gait events). Trabecular structure in the BC3 ilium was evaluated to investigate whether it matches that of an equivalently aged infant from a postindustrialized society. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans were acquired from the BC3 infant and from an ontogenetic series of 25 postindustrial infants that were divided into three age classes (ACs) ranging from neonates to toddlers (<36 months). All ilia were qualitatively compared and then digitally subdivided into 10 volumes of interest (VOIs) based on anatomical reference points. The VOIs were quantified and ontogenetic differences in trabecular structure were statistically evaluated. Across the comparative ontogenetic series, trabecular architectural properties overlapped in all regions. However, trabecular thickness increased significantly after the first year of life. The BC3 infant demonstrated generally similar trabecular structure to that observed in the age-equivalent postindustrial infants (AC2), including relatively strong development of the trabecular chiasma qualitatively. However, some interesting distinctions were observed in BC3, such as low strut thickness compared with infants from the postindustrial sample, that bear further exploration in future studies. Evaluation of only one individual from the Middle Stone Age (MSA), coupled with the relatively small comparative sample, limit our ability to distinguish more meaningful biological differences in trabecular structure throughout ontogeny from idiosyncratic characteristics. Nonetheless, results of this study extend ongoing research on infant locomotor and morphological development to archeological populations in the Middle Stone Age. Further cross-cultural studies consisting of larger comparative postindustrial samples may provide additional information on trabecular structure in the infant ilium during this important developmental timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberleigh A Tommy
- Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.
| | - Bernhard Zipfel
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Job Kibii
- Earth Sciences Department, Palaeontology Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kristian J Carlson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Veneziano A, Cazenave M, Alfieri F, Panetta D, Marchi D. Novel strategies for the characterization of cancellous bone morphology: Virtual isolation and analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:920-930. [PMID: 33811768 PMCID: PMC8359981 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The advent of micro-computed tomography (μCT) made cancellous bone more accessible than ever before. Nevertheless, the characterization of cancellous bone is made difficult by its inherent complexity and the difficulties in defining homology across datasets. Here we propose novel virtual methodological approaches to overcome those issues and complement existing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS We present a protocol for the isolation of the whole cancellous region within a μCT scanned bone. This method overcomes the subsampling issues and allows studying cancellous bone as a single unit. We test the protocol on a set of primate bones. In addition, we describe a set of morphological indices calculated on the topological skeleton of the cancellous bone: node density, node connectivity, trabecular angle, trabecular tortuosity, and fractal dimension. The usage of the indices is shown on a small comparative sample of primate femoral heads. RESULTS The isolation protocol proves reliable in isolating cancellous structures from several different bones, regardless of their shape. The indices seem to detect some functional differences, although further testing on comparative samples is needed to clarify their potential for the study of cancellous architecture. CONCLUSIONS The approaches presented overcome some of the difficulties of trabecular bone studies. The methods presented here represent an alternative or supporting method to the existing tools available to address the biomechanics of cancellous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Veneziano
- Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP), Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marine Cazenave
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre at the School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fabio Alfieri
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Marchi
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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32
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Planner F, Feichtner F, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Comparative microcomputed tomographic structural analysis of the trabecular and cortical bone architecture of radius and ulna in toy dog breeds. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:324-335. [PMID: 33761436 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Radius and ulna fractures can be detected in dogs with an incidence of 18.0% and occur more frequently in toy breeds with increased complication rates. The reasons for the predisposition and the increased complication rate of antebrachial fractures in toy breeds are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to research the associated mechanisms by investigating the trabecular structure parameters (BV/TV (%), Tb.N (mm-1), Tb.Th (mm), Tb.Sp (mm), Conn. D (mm-3), DA) and the cortical bone density (Mean Density (mg HA/ccm)) for toy breeds and small dogs of other breeds using microcomputed tomography and to identify the differences between both groups. A total of 70 forearms, originating from toy breeds (n = 36) and small dogs of other breeds (n = 34) were evaluated by microcomputed tomography. The results of this study showed a lower bone volume fraction (BV/TV), more (Tb.N) but thinner trabeculae (Tb.Th) with greater separation (Tb.Sp) and decreased diaphyseal cortical density (Mean Density) in toy breed dogs. This could thus contribute to the increased risk of antebrachial fractures in toy breeds. Within the group of toy breeds inhomogeneous results were observed, whereby the values of the Chihuahuas deviated. This breed had significantly thinner trabeculae (Tb.Th) with a greater trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), lower bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and significantly lower diaphyseal cortical density (Mean Density). These parameters could therefore indicate an increased antebrachial fracture and complication risk, especially in Chihuahuas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Planner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franziska Feichtner
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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33
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Bennison MBL, Pilkey AK, Lievers WB. Misalignment Error in Cancellous Bone Apparent Elastic Modulus Depends on Bone Volume Fraction and Degree of Anisotropy. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:021005. [PMID: 32601664 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancellous bone is an anisotropic structure with architectural and mechanical properties that vary due to both skeletal site and disease state. This anisotropy means that, in order to accurately and consistently measure the mechanical properties of cancellous bone, experiments should be performed along the primary mechanical axis (PMA), that is, the orientation in which the mechanical properties are at their maximum value. Unfortunately, some degree of misalignment will always be present, and the magnitude of the resulting error is expected to be architecture dependent. The goal of this work is to quantify the dependence of the misalignment error, expressed in terms of change in apparent elastic modulus (ΔE), on both the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the degree of anisotropy (DA). Finite element method (FEM) models of bovine cancellous bone from five different skeletal sites were created at 5 deg and 20 deg from the PMA determined for each region. An additional set of models was created using image dilation/erosion steps in order to control for BV/TV and better isolate the effect of DA. Misalignment error was found to increase with increasing DA and decreasing BV/TV. At 5 deg misaligned from the PMA, error is relatively low (<5%) in all cases but increases to 8-24% error at 20 deg. These results suggest that great care is needed to avoid introducing misalignment error into experimental studies, particularly when studying regions with high anisotropy and/or low bone volume fraction, such as vertebral or osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B L Bennison
- Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A Keith Pilkey
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - W Brent Lievers
- Bharti School of Engineering, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Deering J, Dowling KI, DiCecco LA, McLean GD, Yu B, Grandfield K. Selective Voronoi tessellation as a method to design anisotropic and biomimetic implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104361. [PMID: 33550142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of a metallic scaffold is important for the success of bone implants, where the introduction of porosity can reduce stress shielding effects and allow for bone tissue integration. In this work, porous scaffolds were designed to closely mimic the natural structure of trabecular bone using selective Voronoi tessellation with preferential seeding. A workflow to generate these structures is introduced, where voided regions of seeds in the starting volume create preferential texture during polyhedral expansion, resulting in modified strut orientation in the implant. Anisotropy was digitally characterized by mean-intercept length and star volume distribution measurements to determine similarity to trabecular orientation. This work demonstrates that selective Voronoi tessellation is an effective method to generate biomimetic porous scaffolds with increased anisotropy and tunable strut architecture in three dimensions as a suitable alternative to patient-derived bone geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deering
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kierdra I Dowling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Liza-Anastasia DiCecco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Griffin D McLean
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bosco Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Comparison of Trabecular Bone Mineral Density Measurement Using Hounsfield Unit and Trabecular Microstructure in Orthodontic Patients Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the bone mineral density of specific regions of maxilla, mandible, and first cervical vertebra using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis and to compare the two methods. In this study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 58 patients. Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, and bone volume fraction were measured in 484 regions for trabecular microstructure parameters and Hounsfield unit was measured for the grayscale value. There was no difference in bone mineral density between the right and left side in every site and between males and females. Trabecular thickness and trabecular number were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, first cervical vertebra, and mandibular condyle. Bone volume fraction and Hounsfield unit were high in the order of anterior base of the maxilla, mandibular body, mandibular condyle, and first cervical vertebra (p < 0.05). Trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and bone volume fraction was positively correlated to the Hounsfield unit, and trabecular separation was negatively correlated to the Hounsfield unit (p < 0.005). This study suggests that it is possible to compare the bone mineral density of trabecular bone in various sites using the Hounsfield unit and trabecular microstructure pattern analysis.
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Addison BJ, Lieberman DE. Assessing patterns of variation in BV/TV in the calcaneus and C2 vertebra of Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and populations of Homo sapiens from the Pleistocene and Holocene that differ in physical activity levels. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 173:337-349. [PMID: 33448347 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) is influenced by variations in physical activity recent declines in BV/TV in humans are often attributed to modern sedentary lifestyles. This study tests the hypothesis that presumed variations in mechanical loading between groups can predict the observed BV/TV patterns in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas in two bones: the calcaneus which experiences high and well characterized impact forces, and the C2 vertebrae which experiences reduced locomotor forces. MATERIALS AND METHODS BV/TV and other structural variables were quantified from high-resolution microCT scans in gorillas, chimpanzees, and four Homo sapiens populations: Pleistocene, semi-sedentary Natufians; Holocene hunter-gatherers from Point Hope, Alaska; Holocene nomadic pastoralists from medieval Europe; and modern, sedentary Americans. RESULTS In the calcaneal tuberosity, Natufian BV/TV was 36, 46, and 46% greater than Alaskans (p = .02), Europeans (p = .005) and modern Americans (p = .002), respectively, but not significantly different from apes. BV/TV was not significantly different between modern Americans and Alaskans or Europeans. In the C2, Natufian BV/TV was 53 and 25% greater than in the Alaskan (p = .0001) and European (p = .048) populations. DISCUSSION These results suggest that phenomena other than or in addition to variations in physical activity are needed to explain BV/TV patterns observed in H. sapiens, and point to a systemic decline in H. sapiens BV/TV after the Pleistocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Addison
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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37
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Gebre RK, Hirvasniemi J, Lantto I, Saarakkala S, Leppilahti J, Jämsä T. Discrimination of Low-Energy Acetabular Fractures from Controls Using Computed Tomography-Based Bone Characteristics. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:367-381. [PMID: 32648192 PMCID: PMC7773622 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of low-energy acetabular fractures has increased. However, the structural factors for these fractures remain unclear. The objective of this study was to extract trabecular bone architecture and proximal femur geometry (PFG) measures from clinical computed tomography (CT) images to (1) identify possible structural risk factors of acetabular fractures, and (2) to discriminate fracture cases from controls using machine learning methods. CT images of 107 acetabular fracture subjects (25 females, 82 males) and 107 age-gender matched controls were examined. Three volumes of interest, one at the acetabulum and two at the femoral head, were extracted to calculate bone volume fraction (BV/TV), gray-level co-occurrence matrix and histogram of the gray values (GV). The PFG was defined by neck shaft angle and femoral neck axis length. Relationships between the variables were assessed by statistical mean comparisons and correlation analyses. Bayesian logistic regression and Elastic net machine learning models were implemented for classification. We found lower BV/TV at the femoral head (0.51 vs. 0.55, p = 0.012) and lower mean GV at both the acetabulum (98.81 vs. 115.33, p < 0.001) and femoral head (150.63 vs. 163.47, p = 0.005) of fracture subjects when compared to their matched controls. The trabeculae within the femoral heads of the acetabular fracture sides differed in structure, density and texture from the corresponding control sides of the fracture subjects. Moreover, the PFG and trabecular architectural variables, alone and in combination, were able to discriminate fracture cases from controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.70 to 0.79). In conclusion, lower density in the acetabulum and femoral head with abnormal trabecular structure and texture at the femoral head, appear to be risk factors for low-energy acetabular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robel K Gebre
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Jukka Hirvasniemi
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iikka Lantto
- Division of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhana Leppilahti
- Division of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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38
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Mohammadi H, Pietruszczak S, Quenneville CE. Numerical analysis of hip fracture due to a sideways fall. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104283. [PMID: 33412404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this paper is to outline a methodology for evaluating the likelihood of cortical bone fracture in the proximal femur in the event of a sideways fall. The approach includes conducting finite element (FE) analysis in which the cortical bone is treated as an anisotropic material, and the admissibility of the stress field is validated both in tension and compression regime. In assessing the onset of fracture, two methodologies are used, namely the Critical Plane approach and the Microstructure Tensor approach. The former is employed in the tension regime, while the latter governs the conditions at failure in compression. The propagation of localized damage is modeled using a constitutive law with embedded discontinuity (CLED). In this approach, the localized deformation is described by a homogenization procedure in which the average properties of cortical tissue intercepted by a macrocrack are established. The key material properties governing the conditions at failure are specified from a series of independent material tests conducted on cortical bone samples tested at different orientations relative to the loading direction. The numerical analysis deals with simulations of experiments involving the sideways fall, and the results are compared with the experimental data. This includes both the evolution of fracture pattern and the local load-displacement characteristics. The proposed approach is numerically efficient, and the results do not display a pathological mesh-dependency. Also, in contrast to the XFEM approach, the analysis does not require any extra degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mohammadi
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Pietruszczak
- Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - C E Quenneville
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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39
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Sas A, Helgason B, Ferguson SJ, van Lenthe GH. Mechanical and morphological characterization of PMMA/bone composites in human femoral heads. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104247. [PMID: 33310683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PMMA bone cement has gained an important place in a variety of orthopaedic applications in the femur. However, appropriate data on the mechanical properties of bone-cement composites from the human femur are lacking. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the morphological and quasi-static compressive properties of proximal femoral bone-cement composites. Thirty trabecular bone specimens were extracted from fifteen pairs of human femoral heads using specimen-specific cutting guides to ensure an accurate alignment with the main trabecular direction (MTD). One specimen from each pair was augmented with PMMA bone cement, while the other one was left untreated. Specimens were scanned with μCT to determine morphological parameters and tested in quasi-static compression until failure. We found that the long axis of the specimens was highly aligned with the MTD (mean error < 5°). A higher compressive modulus and ultimate strength were observed for the bone-cement composite specimens (E = 5.7 ± 0.4 GPa; σu = 77.9 ± 5.1 MPa) compared to the bone only specimens (E = 2.9 ± 0.7 GPa; σu = 19.0 ± 5.8 MPa). Furthermore, the composites had a higher modulus, but lower strength than cement itself (E = 5.0 ± 0.3 GPa; σu = 85.9 ± 2.7 MPa) and the composite modulus was significantly correlated with the bone volume fraction (BV/TV). These results are in contrast to previous findings on human vertebral bone, where the composite was more compliant than cement and no correlation was found between BV/TV and the composite modulus. Thus, properties of bone-cement composites cannot simply be applied across different anatomical sites; the site-specific differences in bone density and trabecular alignment should be taken into account. Collectively, the present results suggest that at low BV/TV, cement dominates the composite properties, while at high BV/TV, the contribution of bone becomes apparent, revealing a positive relationship between BV/TV and the on-axis modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Sas
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - G Harry van Lenthe
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Diez-Escudero A, Harlin H, Isaksson P, Persson C. Porous polylactic acid scaffolds for bone regeneration: A study of additively manufactured triply periodic minimal surfaces and their osteogenic potential. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420956541. [PMID: 33224463 PMCID: PMC7656876 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420956541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three different triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) with three levels of porosity within those of cancellous bone were investigated as potential bone scaffolds. TPMS have emerged as potential designs to resemble the complex mechanical and mass transport properties of bone. Diamond, Schwarz, and Gyroid structures were 3D printed in polylactic acid, a resorbable medical grade material. The 3D printed structures were investigated for printing feasibility, and assessed by morphometric studies. Mechanical properties and permeability investigations resulted in similar values to cancellous bone. The morphometric analyses showed three different patterns of pore distribution: mono-, bi-, and multimodal pores. Subsequently, biological activity investigated with pre-osteoblastic cell lines showed no signs of cytotoxicity, and the scaffolds supported cell proliferation up to 3 weeks. Cell differentiation investigated by alkaline phosphatase showed an improvement for higher porosities and multimodal pore distributions, suggesting a higher dependency on pore distribution and size than the level of interconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diez-Escudero
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Harlin
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Isaksson
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Lefevre E, Baron C, Gineyts E, Bala Y, Gharbi H, Allain JM, Lasaygues P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Ultrasounds could be considered as a future tool for probing growing bone properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15698. [PMID: 32973276 PMCID: PMC7518273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile bone growth is well described (physiological and anatomical) but there are still lacks of knowledge on intrinsic material properties. Our group has already published, on different samples, several studies on the assessment of intrinsic material properties of juvenile bone compared to material properties of adult bone. The purpose of this study was finally to combine different experimental modalities available (ultrasonic measurement, micro-Computed Tomography analysis, mechanical compression tests and biochemical measurements) applied on small cubic bone samples in order to gain insight into the multiparametric evaluation of bone quality. Differences were found between juvenile and adult groups in term of architectural parameters (Porosity Separation), Tissue Mineral Density (TMD), diagonal stiffness coefficients (C33, C44, C55, C66) and ratio between immature and mature cross-links (CX). Diagonal stiffness coefficients are more representative of the microstructural and biochemical parameters of child bone than of adult bone. We also found that compression modulus E was highly correlated with several microstructure parameters and CX in children group while it was not at all correlated in the adult group. Similar results were found for the CX which was linked to several microstructure parameters (TMD and E) only in the juvenile group. To our knowledge, this is the first time that, on a same sample, ultrasonic measurements have been combined with the assessment of mechanical and biochemical properties. It appears that ultrasonic measurements can provide relevant indicators of child bone quality (microstructural and biochemical parameters) which is promising for clinical application since, B-mode ultrasound is the preferred first-line modality over other more constraining imaging modalities (radiation, parent–child accessibility and access to the patient's bed) for pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefevre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Gineyts
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hakim Gharbi
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean-Marc Allain
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique,CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.,Inria, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS,ISM, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM,CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, LYOS UMR1033, F69008, Lyon, France.
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42
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Arsan B, Yalcin-Ülker GM, Meral DG, Erdem TL. Is there any predictive bone parameter for implant stability in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional radiologic images? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 131:371-379. [PMID: 32891573 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This ex vivo study aimed to compare radiomorphometric parameters between 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) radiographs and evaluate the influence of preoperative radiologic bone parameters on the clinical outcomes of implant stability. STUDY DESIGN Implant recipient sites in fresh bovine blocks were evaluated on panoramic radiographs for gray value (GV), fractal dimension (FD), number of connected trabeculae (Co), and density of connected trabeculae (CoD). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were evaluated for trabecular thickness (TbTh), cortical thickness (CTh), degree of anisotropy (DA), FD, and Co. Insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured. RESULTS GV was significantly correlated with all parameters in 2-D and 3-D images except FD in 2-D and Co in 3-D, and with all surgical parameters (P ≤ .029). Co and CoD values on panoramic radiographs had significant correlation with TbTh, CTh, and DA values on CBCT images (P < .001). All 2-D parameters and TbTh and CTh in the CBCT data were significantly correlated with IT only (P ≤ .047). Only GV was correlated with ISQ measurements (P ≤ .029). CONCLUSIONS GV, Co, and CoD values on panoramic radiographs reflect the architecture of trabecular bone and the thickness of cortical bone, and might help predict implant stability in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belde Arsan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gül Merve Yalcin-Ülker
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul
| | - Deniz Gökce Meral
- Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul
| | - Tamer Lütfi Erdem
- Professor, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Beykent University, Istanbul
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43
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Turunen MJ, Le Cann S, Tudisco E, Lovric G, Patera A, Hall SA, Isaksson H. Sub-trabecular strain evolution in human trabecular bone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13788. [PMID: 32796859 PMCID: PMC7429852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To comprehend the most detrimental characteristics behind bone fractures, it is key to understand the material and tissue level strain limits and their relation to failure sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the three-dimensional strain distribution and its evolution during loading at the sub-trabecular level in trabecular bone tissue. Human cadaver trabecular bone samples were compressed in situ until failure, while imaging with high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography. Digital volume correlation was used to determine the strains inside the trabeculae. Regions without emerging damage were compared to those about to crack. Local strains in close vicinity of developing cracks were higher than previously reported for a whole trabecular structure and similar to those reported for single isolated trabeculae. Early literature on bone fracture strain thresholds at the tissue level seem to underestimate the maximum strain magnitudes in trabecular bone. Furthermore, we found lower strain levels and a reduced ability to capture detailed crack-paths with increased image voxel size. This highlights the dependence between the observed strain levels and the voxel size and that high-resolution is needed to investigate behavior of individual trabeculae. Furthermore, low trabecular thickness appears to be one predictor of developing cracks. In summary, this study investigated the local strains in whole trabecular structure at sub-trabecular resolution in human bone and confirmed the high strain magnitudes reported for single trabeculae under loading and, importantly extends its translation to the whole trabecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Le Cann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erika Tudisco
- Division of Geotechnical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Goran Lovric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,Centre D'Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephen A Hall
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Institute of advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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44
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DeMars LJD, Stephens NB, Saers JPP, Gordon A, Stock JT, Ryan TM. Using point clouds to investigate the relationship between trabecular bone phenotype and behavior: An example utilizing the human calcaneus. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23468. [PMID: 32790125 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new method for analyzing trabecular bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three dimensions. METHODS We use a combination of automatic mesh registration, point-cloud correspondence registration, and P-value corrected univariate statistical tests to compare bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy on a point by point basis across the entire calcaneus of two human groups with different subsistence strategies. RESULTS We found that the patterns of high and low bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy distribution between the Black Earth (hunter-gatherers) and Norris Farms (mixed-strategy agriculturalists) are very similar, but differ in magnitude. The hunter-gatherers exhibit higher levels of bone volume fraction and less anisotropic trabecular bone organization. Additionally, patterns of bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in the calcaneus correspond well with biomechanical expectations of relative forces experienced during walking and running. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that comparing site-specific, localized differences in trabecular bone variables such as bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three-dimensions is a powerful analytical tool. This method makes it possible to determine where similarities and differences between groups are located within the whole skeletal element of interest. The visualization of multiple variables also provides a way for researchers to see how the trabecular bone variables interact within the morphology, and allows for a more nuanced understanding of how they relate to one another and the broader mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily J D DeMars
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas B Stephens
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaap P P Saers
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Gordon
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy M Ryan
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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de Oliveira PGFP, de Melo Soares MS, Silveira E Souza AMM, Taba M, Palioto DB, Messora MR, Ghiraldini B, Nunes FADS, de Souza SLS. Influence of nano-hydroxyapatite coating implants on gene expression of osteogenic markers and micro-CT parameters. An in vivo study in diabetic rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:682-694. [PMID: 32608088 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the response of a nano-hydroxyapatite coating implant through gene expression analysis (runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), osteocalcin (Oc), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (Rank), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (Rank-L), and osteoprotegerin (Opg)). Three-dimensional evaluation (percent bone volume (BV/TV); percent intersection surface (BIC); bone surface/volume ratio (BS/BV); and total porosity (To.Po)) were also analyzed. Mini implants were surgically placed in tibias of both healthy and diabetic rats. The animals were euthanized at 7 and 30 days. Evaluating all factors the relative expression of Rank showed that NANO surface presented the best results at 7 days (diabetic rats). Furthermore the levels of Runx2, Alp, Oc, and Opn suggest an increase in osteoblasts proliferation, especially in early stages of osseointegration. %BIC in healthy and diabetic (7 days) depicted statistically significant differences for NANO group. BV/TV, BS/BV and To.Po demonstrated higher values for NANO group in all evaluated time point and irrespective of systemic condition, but BS/BV 30 days (healthy rat) and 7 and 30 days (diabetic rat). Microtomographic and gene expression analyses have shown the benefits of nano-hydroxyapatite coated implants in promoting new bone formation in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Sales de Melo Soares
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Taba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ghiraldini
- Paulista University, School of Dentistry, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Anderson de Sousa Nunes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luís Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, FORP/USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Clifton W, Damon A, Valero-Moreno F, Marenco-Hillembrand L, Nottmeier E, Tubbs RS, Fox WC, Pichelmann M. Investigation of the "Superior Facet Rule" Using 3D-Printed Thoracic Vertebrae With Simulated Corticocancellous Interface. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:e51-e59. [PMID: 32585384 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedicle screw placement is the most common method of fixation in the thoracic spine. Use of the "superior facet rule" allows the operator to locate the borders of the pedicle reliably using posterior landmarks alone. This study investigated the ability of 3-dimensionally (3D)-printed thoracic vertebrae, made from combined thermoplastic polymers, to demonstrate pedicle screw cannulation accurately using the superior facet as a reliable landmark. METHODS An anonymized computed tomography scan of the thoracic spine was obtained. The T1-T12 thoracic vertebrae were anatomically segmented and 3D-printed. The pedicle diameters and distance from the midpoint of the superior facet to the ventral lamina were recorded. A total of 120 thoracic pedicles in 60 thoracic vertebral models were instrumented using a freehand technique based only on posterior landmarks. The vertebral models were then coronally cut and examined for medial or lateral violations of the pedicle after screw placement. RESULTS A total of 120 pedicle screws were placed successfully within the 3D-printed thoracic vertebral models. Average measurements fell within 1 standard deviation of previous population studies. There were no pedicle wall violations using standard posterior element landmarks for instrumentation. There were 3 lateral violations of the vertebral body wall during screw placement, all attributable to the insertion technique. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed thoracic vertebral models using combined thermoplastic polymers can accurately demonstrate the anatomical ultrastructure and posterior element relationships of the superior facet rule for safe thoracic pedicle screw placement. This method of vertebral model prototyping could prove useful for surgical education and demonstrating spinal anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Clifton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
| | - Aaron Damon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Fidel Valero-Moreno
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Eric Nottmeier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - R Shane Tubbs
- Department of Neurosurgery and Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - W Christopher Fox
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Pichelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Health Systems, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
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47
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A degenerative medial meniscus retains some protective effect against osteoarthritis-induced subchondral bone changes. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100271. [PMID: 32478143 PMCID: PMC7251536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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48
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Conrad TL, Roeder RK. Effects of porogen morphology on the architecture, permeability, and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite whisker reinforced polyetheretherketone scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 106:103730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Steiner L, Synek A, Pahr DH. Comparison of different microCT-based morphology assessment tools using human trabecular bone. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100261. [PMID: 32455148 PMCID: PMC7235944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroCT-based morphological parameters are often used to quantify the structural properties of trabecular bone. Various software tools are available for calculating these parameters. Studies that examine the comparability of their results are rare. Four different software tools were used to analyse a set of 701 microCT images from human trabecular bone samples. Bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), bone surface (BS), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th.) and degree of anisotropy (DA) were evaluated. BV/TV shows very low difference (-0.18 ± 0.15%). The difference in BS could be reduced below 5% if artificial cut surfaces are not included. Tb. Th. and Tb. Sp. show differences of maximal -12% although the same theoretical background is used. DA is most critical with differences from 4.75 ± 3.70% (medtool vs. Scanco), over -38.61 ± 13.15% (BoneJ vs. Scanco), up to 80.52 ± 50.04% (medtool vs. BoneJ). Quantitative results should be considered with caution, especially when comparing different studies. Introducing standardization procedures and the disclosure of underlying algorithms and their respective implementations could improve this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Steiner
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU-Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Synek
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU-Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU-Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
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Du H, Yousefian O, Horn T, Muller M. Evaluation of Structural Anisotropy in a Porous Titanium Medium Mimicking Trabecular Bone Structure Using Mode-Converted Ultrasonic Scattering. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1017-1024. [PMID: 31940527 PMCID: PMC7301879 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2963162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mode-converted (longitudinal to transverse, L-T) ultrasonic scattering method was utilized to characterize the structural anisotropy of a phantom mimicking the structural properties of trabecular bone. The sample was fabricated using metal additive manufacturing from high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images of a sample of trabecular horse bone with strong anisotropy. Two focused transducers were used to perform the L-T ultrasonic measurements. A normal incidence transducer was used to transmit longitudinal ultrasonic waves into the sample, while the scattered transverse signals were received by an oblique incidence transducer. At multiple locations on the sample, four L-T measurements were performed by collecting ultrasonic scattering from four directions. The amplitude of the root mean square (rms) of the collected ultrasonic scattering signals was calculated for each L-T measurement. The ratios of rms amplitudes for L-T measurements in different directions were calculated to characterize the anisotropy of sample. The results show that the amplitude of L-T converted scattering is highly dependent on the direction of microstructural anisotropy. A strong anisotropy of the microstructure was observed, which coincides with simulation results previously published on the same structure as well as with the anisotropy estimated from the CT images. These results suggest the potential of mode-converted ultrasonic scattering methods to assess the anisotropy of materials with porous, complex structures, including trabecular bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Du
- Applied Research Associates, Inc. Littleton, CO, USA
| | - Omid Yousefian
- Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Timothy Horn
- Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marie Muller
- Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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