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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Kumar Chaudhary V, Kukreti P, Sharma K, Kumar K, Singh S, Kumari S, Ghosh K. A sustainable strategic approach for N-alkylation of amines with activation of alcohols triggered via a hydrogen auto-transfer reaction using a Pd(II) complex: evidence for metal-ligand cooperativity. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8740-8749. [PMID: 38712566 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00864b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This work describes a new well-defined, air-stable, phosphine free palladium(II) [Pd(L)Cl] (1) catalyst. This catalyst was utilized for N-alkylation of amines and indole synthesis where H2O was found to be the by-product. A broad range of aromatic amines were alkylated using this homogeneous catalyst with a catalyst loading of 0.1 mol%. Greener aromatic and aliphatic primary alcohols were utilized and a hydrogen auto-transfer strategy via a metal-ligand cooperative approach was investigated. The precursor of the antihistamine-containing drug molecule tripelennamine was synthesized on a gram scale for large-scale applicability of the current synthetic methodology. A number of control experiments were performed to investigate the possible reaction pathway and the outcomes of these experiments indicated the azo-chromophore as a hydrogen reservoir during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Prashant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Keshav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kapil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sain Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sheela Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Guin AK, Chakraborty S, Khanra S, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Oxygen-Dependent Ligand-Controlled Iron-Catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of Olefins and Vinyl Nitriles. Org Lett 2024; 26:2540-2545. [PMID: 38546405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
An oxygen-dependent ligand-controlled chemoselective synthesis of vinyl nitriles and E-olefins by coupling a variety of alcohols and benzyl cyanides, catalyzed by a well-characterized, air-stable, easy-to-prepare Fe(II) catalyst (1a) bearing a redox-active arylazo pincer (L1a) is reported. The azo-moiety of the ligand backbone acts as an electron and hydrogen reservoir, enabling catalyst 1a to efficiently produce a broad spectrum of vinyl nitriles and E-olefins in moderate to good yields selectively under an oxygen and argon atmosphere, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhankar Khanra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Santana Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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Ross DL, Jasniewski AJ, Ziller JW, Bominaar EL, Hendrich MP, Borovik AS. Modulation of the Bonding between Copper and a Redox-Active Ligand by Hydrogen Bonds and Its Effect on Electronic Coupling and Spin States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:500-513. [PMID: 38150413 PMCID: PMC11160172 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The exchange coupling of electron spins can strongly influence the properties of chemical species. The regulation of this type of electronic coupling has been explored within complexes that have multiple metal ions but to a lesser extent in complexes that pair a redox-active ligand with a single metal ion. To bridge this gap, we investigated the interplay among the structural and magnetic properties of mononuclear Cu complexes and exchange coupling between a Cu center and a redox-active ligand over three oxidation states. The computational analysis of the structural properties established a relationship between the complexes' magnetic properties and a bonding interaction involving a dx2-y2 orbital of the Cu ion and π orbital of the redox-active ligand that are close in energy. The additional bonding interaction affects the geometry around the Cu center and was found to be influenced by intramolecular H-bonds introduced by the external ligands. The ability to synthetically tune the d-π interactions using H-bonds illustrates a new type of control over the structural and magnetic properties of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores L Ross
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Andrew J Jasniewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Emile L Bominaar
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael P Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - A S Borovik
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Swatiputra AA, Mukherjee D, Dinda S, Roy S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Electron transfer catalysis mediated by 3d complexes of redox non-innocent ligands possessing an azo function: a perspective. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15627-15646. [PMID: 37792473 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02567e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
It was first reported almost two decades ago that ligands with azo functions are capable of accepting electron(s) upon coordination to produce azo-anion radical complexes, thereby exhibiting redox non-innocence. Over the past two decades, there have been numerous reports of such complexes along with their structures and diverse characteristics. The ability of a coordinated azo function to accept one or more electron(s), thereby acting as an electron reservoir, is currently employed to carry out electron transfer catalysis since they can undergo redox transformation at mild potentials due to the presence of energetically accessible energy levels. The cooperative involvement of redox non-innocent ligand(s) containing an azo group and the coordinated metal centre can adjust and modulate the Lewis acidity of the latter through selective ligand-centred redox events, thereby manipulating the capacity of the metal centre to bind to the substrate. We have summarized the list of first row transition metal complexes of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc with redox non-innocent ligands incorporating an azo function that have been exploited as electron transfer catalysts to effectuate sustainable synthesis of a wide variety of useful chemicals. These include ketazines, pyrimidines, benzothiazole, benzoxazoles, N-acyl hydrazones, quinazoline-4(3)H-ones, C-3 alkylated indoles, N-alkylated anilines and N-alkylated heteroamines. The reaction pathways, as demonstrated by catalytic loops, reveal that the azo function of a coordinated ligand can act as an electron sink in the initial steps to bring about alcohol oxidation and thereafter, they serve as an electron pool to produce the final products either via HAT or PCET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Apan Swatiputra
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Debaarjun Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry, The ICFAI University Tripura, Tripura 799210, India
| | - Kausikisankar Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata - 700032, India
| | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
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Zheng J, Yang Y, Ronson TK, Wood DM, Nitschke JR. Redox Triggers Guest Release and Uptake Across a Series of Azopyridine-Based Metal-Organic Capsules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302580. [PMID: 37462086 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Precise control over guest release and recapture using external stimuli is a valuable goal, potentially enabling new modes of chemical purification. Including redox moieties within the ligand cores of molecular capsules to trigger the release and uptake of guests has proved effective, but this technique is limited to certain capsules and guests. Herein, the construction of a series of novel metal-organic capsules from ditopic, tritopic, and tetratopic ligands is demonstrated, all of which contain redox-active azo groups coordinated to FeII centers. Compared to their iminopyridine-based analogs, this new class of azopyridine-based capsules possesses larger cavities, capable of encapsulating more voluminous guests. Upon reduction of the capsules, their guests are released and may then be re-encapsulated when the capsules are regenerated by oxidation. Since the redox centers are on the ligand arms, they are modular and can be attached to a variety of ligand cores to afford varying and predictable architectures. This method thus shows promise as a generalized approach for designing redox-controlled guest release and uptake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zheng
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yuchong Yang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel M Wood
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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Pal S, Das S, Chakraborty S, Khanra S, Paul ND. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Sustainable Synthesis of Pyridines in Air. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3650-3665. [PMID: 36854027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Zn(II)-catalyzed solvent-free sustainable synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines using alcohols as the primary feedstock and NH4OAc as the nitrogen source. Using a well-defined air-stable Zn(II)-catalyst, 1a, featuring a redox-active tridentate azo-aromatic pincer, 2-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (La), a wide variety of unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were prepared by three-component coupling of primary and secondary alcohols with NH4OAc. Catalyst 1a is equally compatible with the four-component coupling. Unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were also prepared via a four-component coupling of a primary alcohol with two different secondary alcohols and NH4OAc. A series of tetra-substituted pyridines were prepared up to 67% yield by coupling primary and secondary alcohols with 1-phenylpropan-1-one or 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and NH4OAc. The 1a-catalyzed reactions also proceeded efficiently upon replacing the secondary alcohols with the corresponding ketones, producing the desired tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines in higher yields in a shorter reaction time. A few control experiments were performed to unveil the mechanistic aspects, which indicates that the active participation of the aryl-azo ligand during catalysis enables the Zn(II)-complex to act as an efficient catalyst for the present multicomponent reactions. Aerial oxygen acts as an oxidant during the Zn(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols, producing H2O and H2O2 as byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhankar Khanra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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Naskar S, Halder S, Kanrar G, Jana D, Dinda S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Role of ligand disposition and oxime…oximato hydrogen bonding upon redox non-innocent character of rhodium(III) phenylazooximates. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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9
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Chakraborty S, Mondal R, Pal S, Guin AK, Roy L, Paul ND. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Selective N-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Using Redox Noninnocent Azo-Aromatic Ligand as Electron and Hydrogen Reservoir. J Org Chem 2023; 88:771-787. [PMID: 36577023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for selective N-alkylation of various amines by alcohols, catalyzed by a well-defined Zn(II)-catalyst, Zn(La)Cl2 (1a), bearing a tridentate arylazo scaffold. A total of 57 N-alkylated amines were prepared in good to excellent yields, out of which 17 examples are new. The Zn(II)-catalyst shows wide functional group tolerance, is compatible with the synthesis of dialkylated amines via double N-alkylation of diamines, and produces the precursors in high yields for the marketed drugs tripelennamine and thonzonium bromide in gram-scale reactions. Control reactions and DFT studies indicate that electron transfer events occur at the azo-chromophore throughout the catalytic process, which shuttles between neutral azo, one-electron reduced azo-anion radical, and two-electron reduced hydrazo forms acting both as electron and hydrogen reservoir, enabling the Zn(II)-catalyst for N-alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai - IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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Panda S, Dhara S, Singh A, Dey S, Kumar Lahiri G. Metal-coordinated azoaromatics: Strategies for sequential azo-reduction, isomerization and application potential. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comprehensive catalytic and biological studies on new designed oxo- and dioxo-metal (IV/VI) organic arylhydrazone frameworks. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Adam MSS, Abdel-Rahman OS, Makhlouf MM. Metal ion induced changes in the structure of Schiff base hydrazone chelates and their reactivity effect on catalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation and biological assays. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh K, Kundu A, Adhikari D. Ligand-Based Redox: Catalytic Applications and Mechanistic Aspects. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India
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Kumar M, Ahmad S, Ali A. Catalytic Reactivity Supported by Redox-Active Ligands Framing: A Mini Review. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Dinda S, Pramanik S, Basu J, Patra SC, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Azo-oximate metal-carbonyl to metallocarboxylic acid via the intermediate Ir(III) radical congener: quest for co-ligand driven stability of open- and closed-shell complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10121-10135. [PMID: 35731229 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00345g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The redox non-innocent behavior of the diaryl-azo-oxime ligand LNOH1 has been accentuated via the synthesis of metastable anion radical complexes of type trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 (CO is trans to azo group of the ligand) by the oxidative coordination reaction of 1 with Vaska's complex. The stereochemical role of co-ligands vis-à-vis the interplay of π-bonding has been found to be decisive in controlling the aptitude of the coordinated redox non-innocent ligand to accept or reject an electron. This has been clarified via the isolation of quite a few complexes as well as the failure to synthesize some others. The oxidized analogues of type trans-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2]+2+ (CO and azo group of the ligand are trans) as well as its cis isomer cis-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2]+3+ (CO and azo group of the ligand are cis) have been structurally characterized but the radical anion congener of the latter could not be synthesized. Furthermore, the closed shell complexes [Ir(LNO-)Cl2(PPh3)2] 4 and [Ir(LNO-)2Cl(PPh3)] 5 have been well characterized by diffraction as well as spectral techniques but their corresponding azo anion radical complexes could not be isolated and this is attributed to the trans influence of ancillary ligands. The anion radical complexes trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 may be rapidly transformed to the metallocarboxylic acids trans-[Ir(LNO-)Cl(CO2H)(PPh3)2] 6via a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process, thereby demonstrating the role of odd electron over the coordinated ligand framework to trigger metal-mediated carbonyl to carboxylic acid functionalization. Complexes 6 are further stabilized via intramolecular -CO2H⋯ON- (carboxylic acid⋯oximato) H-bonding. The optoelectronic properties as well as the origin of transitions in the complexes were analyzed by TD-DFT and theoretical analysis, which further disclose that the odd electron in trans-[Ir(LNO˙-)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2] 2 is primarily azo-oxime centric with very low contribution from the iridium center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | - Shuvam Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jaydeep Basu
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
| | | | | | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Kolkata - 700016, India.
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Immobilized iron functionalised imidazolium-based ionic liquid: Solvent-free and recoverable heterogeneous catalytic application for the synthesis of amines under green conditions. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Guin AK, Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Pal S, Paul ND. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Alcohols to Pyrroles: A Comparison between Metal-Ligand Cooperative and Non-cooperative Approaches. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7106-7123. [PMID: 35583483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two ruthenium-based pincer-type catalysts, [1]X (X = Cl, PF6) and 2, containing two different tridentate pincer ligands, 2-pyrazolyl-(1,10-phenanthroline) (L1) and 2-arylazo-(1,10-phenanthroline) (L2a/2b, L2a = 2-(phenyldiazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline; L2b = 2-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline), and their application in the synthesis of substituted pyrroles via dehydrogenative alcohol functionalization reactions. In catalyst [1]X (X = Cl, PF6), the tridentate scaffold 2-pyrazolyl-(1,10-phenanthroline) (L1) is apparently redox innocent, and all the redox events occur at the metal center, and the coordinated ligands remain as spectators. In contrast, in catalysts 2a and 2b, the coordinated azo-aromatic scaffolds are highly redox-active and known to participate actively during the dehydrogenation of alcohols. A comparison between the catalytic activities of these two catalysts was made, starting from the simple dehydrogenation of alcohols to further dehydrogenative functionalization of alcohols to various substituted pyrroles to understand the advantages/disadvantages of the metal-ligand cooperative approach. Various substituted pyrroles were prepared via dehydrogenative coupling of secondary alcohols and amino alcohols, and the N-substituted pyrroles were synthesized via dehydrogenative coupling of aromatic amines with cis-2-butene-1,4-diol and 2-butyne-1,4-diol, respectively. Several control reactions and spectroscopic experiments were performed to characterize the catalysts and establish the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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El‐Sayed NMA, Elsawy H, Adam MSS. Polar and nonpolar iron (II) complexes of isatin hydrazone derivatives as effective catalysts in oxidation reactions and their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Faisal University Al‐Ahsa Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaker S. Adam
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, King Faisal University Al‐Ahsa Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt
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20
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Mondal R, Guin AK, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Iron-Catalyzed Metal–Ligand Cooperative Approach toward Sustainable Synthesis of Azines and N-Acylhydrazones in Air. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2921-2934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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21
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Mondal R, Guin AK, Chakraborty G, Paul ND. Metal-ligand cooperative approaches in homogeneous catalysis using transition metal complex catalysts of redox noninnocent ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:296-328. [PMID: 34904619 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalysis offers a straightforward route to prepare various value-added molecules starting from readily available raw materials. The catalytic reactions mostly involve multi-electron transformations. Hence, compared to the inexpensive and readily available 3d-metals, the 4d and 5d-transition metals get an extra advantage for performing multi-electron catalytic reactions as the heavier transition metals prefer two-electron redox events. However, for sustainable development, these expensive and scarce heavy metal-based catalysts need to be replaced by inexpensive, environmentally benign, and economically affordable 3d-metal catalysts. In this regard, a metal-ligand cooperative approach involving transition metal complexes of redox noninnocent ligands offers an attractive alternative. The synergistic participation of redox-active ligands during electron transfer events allows multi-electron transformations using 3d-metal catalysts and allows interesting chemical transformations using 4d and 5d-metals as well. Herein we summarize an up-to-date literature report on the metal-ligand cooperative approaches using transition metal complexes of redox noninnocent ligands as catalysts for a few selected types of catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India.
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India.
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India.
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22
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Mondal R, Guin AK, Pal S, Mondal S, Paul ND. Sustainable synthesis of pyrazoles using alcohols as the primary feedstock by an iron catalyzed tandem C–C and C–N coupling approach. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report two new efficient iron-catalyzed synthetic strategies for multicomponent synthesis of tri-substituted pyrazoles using biomass-derived alcohols as the primary feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Sucheta Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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23
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Jesse KA, Anferov SW, Collins KA, Valdez-Moreira JA, Czaikowski ME, Filatov AS, Anderson JS. Direct Aerobic Generation of a Ferric Hydroperoxo Intermediate Via a Preorganized Secondary Coordination Sphere. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18121-18130. [PMID: 34698493 PMCID: PMC8569801 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes exert control over the reactivity of metal centers with precise tuning of the secondary coordination sphere of active sites. One particularly elegant illustration of this principle is in the controlled delivery of proton and electron equivalents in order to activate abundant but kinetically inert oxidants such as O2 for oxidative chemistry. Chemists have drawn inspiration from biology in designing molecular systems where the secondary coordination sphere can shuttle protons or electrons to substrates. However, a biomimetic activation of O2 requires the transfer of both protons and electrons, and molecular systems where ancillary ligands are designed to provide both of these equivalents are comparatively rare. Here, we report the use of a dihydrazonopyrrole (DHP) ligand complexed to Fe to perform exactly such a biomimetic activation of O2. In the presence of O2, this complex directly generates a high spin Fe(III)-hydroperoxo intermediate which features a DHP• ligand radical via ligand-based transfer of an H atom. This system displays oxidative reactivity and ultimately releases hydrogen peroxide, providing insight on how secondary coordination sphere interactions influence the evolution of oxidizing intermediates in Fe-mediated aerobic oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Jesse
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Sophie W. Anferov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Collins
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Maia E. Czaikowski
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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24
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Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Guin AK, Pal S, Paul ND. Iron catalyzed metal-ligand cooperative approaches towards sustainable synthesis of quinolines and quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Spectroscopic characterization, structural investigation, DFT study, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of rhodium and ruthenium amido azo complexes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Guin AK, Sarkar S, Paul ND. Iron-Catalyzed Alkyne-Based Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrimidines under Air. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13186-13197. [PMID: 34528802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An iron-catalyzed sustainable, economically affordable, and eco-friendly synthetic protocol for the construction of various trisubstituted pyrimidines is described. A wide range of trisubstituted pyrimidines were prepared using a well-defined, easy to prepare, bench-stable, and phosphine-free iron catalyst featuring a redox-noninnocent tridentate arylazo pincer under comparatively mild aerobic conditions via dehydrogenative functionalization of alcohols with alkynes and amidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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27
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Jesse KA, Chang M, Filatov AS, Anderson JS. Iron(II) Complexes Featuring a Redox‐Active Dihydrazonopyrrole Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021; 647:1415-1420. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Jesse
- University of Chicago Department of Chemistry 929 E 57th St. Chicago IL 60637
| | - Mu‐Chieh Chang
- National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District Taipei City Taiwan 10
| | | | - John S. Anderson
- University of Chicago Department of Chemistry 929 E 57th St. Chicago IL 60637
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28
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Das S, Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Guin AK, Das A, Paul ND. Zinc Stabilized Azo-anion Radical in Dehydrogenative Synthesis of N-Heterocycles. An Exclusively Ligand Centered Redox Controlled Approach. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Abhishek Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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29
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Zsombor-Pindera J, Effaty F, Escomel L, Patrick B, Kennepohl P, Ottenwaelder X. Five Nitrogen Oxidation States from Nitro to Amine: Stabilization and Reactivity of a Metastable Arylhydroxylamine Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19023-19028. [PMID: 33124796 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Redox noninnocent ligands enhance the reactivity of the metal they complex, a strategy used by metalloenzymes and in catalysis. Herein, we report a series of copper complexes with the same ligand framework, but with a pendant nitrogen group that spans five different redox states between nitro and amine. Of particular interest is the synthesis of a unprecedented copper(I)-arylhydroxylamine complex. While hydroxylamines typically disproportionate or decompose in the presence of transition metal ions, the reactivity of this metastable species is arrested by the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Two-electron oxidation yields a copper(II)-(arylnitrosyl radical) complex that can dissociate to a copper(I) species with uncoordinated arylnitroso. This combination of ligand redox noninnocence and hemilability provides opportunities in catalysis for two-electron chemistry via a one-electron copper(I/II) shuttle, as exemplified with an aerobic alcohol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zsombor-Pindera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Farshid Effaty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Léon Escomel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Brian Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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30
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Jayaprakash H, Guo L, Wang S, Bruneau C, Fischmeister C. Acceptorless and Base-Free Dehydrogenation of Alcohols Mediated by a Dipyridylamine-Iridium(III) Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Jayaprakash
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Liwei Guo
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Shengdong Wang
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Christian Bruneau
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226; Univ Rennes; 35000 Rennes France
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31
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Sinha S, Das S, Mondal R, Mandal S, Paul ND. Cobalt complexes of redox noninnocent azo-aromatic pincers. Isolation, characterization, and application as catalysts for the synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8448-8459. [PMID: 32239054 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00394h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, characterization and catalytic application of three new cobalt(ii)-complexes of redox noninnocent arylazo ligands, 2-(phenylazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1a), 2-(4-chlorophenylazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1b) and 2,9-bis(phenyldiazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L2) respectively. The reaction of L1a with CoIICl2·6H2O produced a μ-dichloro bridged binuclear cobalt(ii)-complex [Co(L1a)2Cl2] (1a) while the same reaction when carried out with 2-(4-chlorophenyl)azo-1,10-phenanthroline (L1b) and 2,9-bis(phenyldiazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L2) ligands produced two new mononuclear five-coordinate cobalt(ii)-complexes 1b and 2 respectively. In complex 1a and 1b, the ligands L1a and L1b are coordinated to the cobalt(ii)-center in a tridentate mode utilizing all of its nitrogen donor sites while in complex 2 one of the azo-donor sites of the ligand L2 remain pendant. All these complexes were characterized using available spectroscopic techniques and DFT studies. We further explored the potential of these complexes as catalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important organic compounds via the functionalization of alcohols. A variety of substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesized under aerobic conditions via the coupling of alcohols and 2-aminobenzamide using 1b as the catalyst. Mechanistic investigations revealed that both cobalt and the arylazo scaffold act synergistically during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India.
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32
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Zhang WY, Banerjee S, Hughes GM, Bridgewater HE, Song JI, Breeze BG, Clarkson GJ, Coverdale JPC, Sanchez-Cano C, Ponte F, Sicilia E, Sadler PJ. Ligand-centred redox activation of inert organoiridium anticancer catalysts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5466-5480. [PMID: 34094073 PMCID: PMC8159363 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00897d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes with novel activation mechanisms are attractive anticancer drug candidates. Here, we show that half-sandwich iodido cyclopentadienyl iridium(iii) azopyridine complexes exhibit potent antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells, in most cases more potent than cisplatin. Despite their inertness towards aquation, these iodido complexes can undergo redox activation by attack of the abundant intracellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH) on the chelated azopyridine ligand to generate paramagnetic intermediates, and hydroxyl radicals, together with thiolate-bridged dinuclear iridium complexes, and liberate reduced hydrazopyridine ligand. DFT calculations provided insight into the mechanism of this activation. GS- attack on the azo bond facilitates the substitution of iodide by GS-, and leads to formation of GSSG and superoxide if O2 is present as an electron-acceptor, in a largely exergonic pathway. Reactions of these iodido complexes with GSH generate Ir-SG complexes, which are catalysts for GSH oxidation. The complexes promoted elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human lung cancer cells. This remarkable ligand-centred activation mechanism coupled to redox reactions adds a new dimension to the design of organoiridium anticancer prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - George M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Ji-Inn Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ben G Breeze
- Spectroscopy Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cs Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria via Pietro Bucci 87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cs Italy
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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33
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Tinnermann H, Sung S, Cala BA, Gill HJ, Young RD. Catalytic Deoxygenation of Amine and Pyridine N-Oxides Using Rhodium PCcarbeneP Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Beatrice A. Cala
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hashir J. Gill
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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34
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Dinda S, Roy S, Patra SC, Bhandary S, Pramanik K, Ganguly S. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon derivatized azo-oximes of cobalt( iii) for the ligand-redox controlled electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatized cobalt(iii) azo-oxime complexes were synthesized and their activity in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
- Kolkata–700016
- India
| | - Syamantak Roy
- Molecular Materials Laboratory
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Jakkur
- Bangalore
| | | | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal By-pass Road
- Bhauri
- Bhopal
| | | | - Sanjib Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry
- St. Xavier's College (Autonomous)
- Kolkata–700016
- India
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35
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van der Vlugt JI. Redox-Active Pincer Ligands. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Metal Complexes Containing Redox-Active Ligands in Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols: A Review. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands are innocent when they allow oxidation states of the central atoms to be defined. A noninnocent (or redox) ligand is a ligand in a metal complex where the oxidation state is not clear. Dioxygen can be a noninnocent species, since it exists in two oxidation states, i.e., superoxide (O2−) and peroxide (O22−). This review is devoted to oxidations of C–H compounds (saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons) and alcohols with peroxides (hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide) catalyzed by complexes of transition and nontransition metals containing innocent and noninnocent ligands. In many cases, the oxidation is induced by hydroxyl radicals. The mechanisms of the formation of hydroxyl radicals from H2O2 under the action of transition (iron, copper, vanadium, rhenium, etc.) and nontransition (aluminum, gallium, bismuth, etc.) metal ions are discussed. It has been demonstrated that the participation of the second hydrogen peroxide molecule leads to the rapture of O–O bond, and, as a result, to the facilitation of hydroxyl radical generation. The oxidation of alkanes induced by hydroxyl radicals leads to the formation of relatively unstable alkyl hydroperoxides. The data on regioselectivity in alkane oxidation allowed us to identify an oxidizing species generated in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide: (hydroxyl radical or another species). The values of the ratio-of-rate constants of the interaction between an oxidizing species and solvent acetonitrile or alkane gives either the kinetic support for the nature of the oxidizing species or establishes the mechanism of the induction of oxidation catalyzed by a concrete compound. In the case of a bulky catalyst molecule, the ratio of hydroxyl radical attack rates upon the acetonitrile molecule and alkane becomes higher. This can be expanded if we assume that the reactions of hydroxyl radicals occur in a cavity inside a voluminous catalyst molecule, where the ratio of the local concentrations of acetonitrile and alkane is higher than in the whole reaction volume. The works of the authors of this review in this field are described in more detail herein.
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37
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Mondal R, Sinha S, Das S, Chakraborty G, Paul ND. Iron Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrimidines Under Air. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 India
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38
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Zhang ZH, He P, Kang SR, Liu C, Yi XY. Reversible pyrrole-based proton storage/release in ruthenium(ii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14594-14597. [PMID: 31742267 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08288c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Newly designed ruthenium(ii) complexes are reported which contain a pyridylpyrrole ligand featuring fast-responsive and reversible proton storage/release on the pyrrole group. The protonated pyrrolium acts as an acidic initiator and is capable of triggering the polymerization of 2,2-dimethyloxirane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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39
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Casas F, Trincado M, Rodriguez‐Lugo R, Baneerje D, Grützmacher H. A Diaminopropane Diolefin Ru(0) Complex Catalyzes Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Casas
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Rafael Rodriguez‐Lugo
- Laboratorio de BioinorgánicaCentro de Química Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) Caracas 1020 A Venezuela
| | - Dipshikha Baneerje
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Zürich 8093 Switzerland
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40
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Bains AK, Kundu A, Yadav S, Adhikari D. Borrowing Hydrogen-Mediated N-Alkylation Reactions by a Well-Defined Homogeneous Nickel Catalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amreen K. Bains
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Abhishek Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
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41
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Sikari R, Sinha S, Chakraborty G, Das S, Leest NP, Paul ND. C−N Cross‐Coupling Reactions Under Mild Conditions Using Singlet Di‐Radical Nickel(II)‐Complexes as Catalyst: N‐Arylation and Quinazoline Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sikari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden Howrah 711103 India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden Howrah 711103 India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden Howrah 711103 India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden Howrah 711103 India
| | - Nicolaas Petrus Leest
- Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden Howrah 711103 India
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42
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Das S, Sinha S, Samanta D, Mondal R, Chakraborty G, Brandaõ P, Paul ND. Metal–Ligand Cooperative Approach To Achieve Dehydrogenative Functionalization of Alcohols to Quinolines and Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under Mild Aerobic Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10160-10171. [PMID: 31327228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepannita Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Paula Brandaõ
- Departamento de Química, CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
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43
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Wang Q, Guo CH, Zhang X, Zhu M, Jiao H, Wu HS. Mechanisms and Activity of 1-Phenylethanol Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Bifunctional NHC-Ir III
Complex. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules; Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education; The School of Chemical and Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen China
| | - Cai-Hong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules; Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education; The School of Chemical and Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules; Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education; The School of Chemical and Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen China
| | - Mi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules; Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education; The School of Chemical and Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Hai-Shun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules; Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education; The School of Chemical and Material Science; Shanxi Normal University; 041004 Linfen China
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44
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Katari M, Carmichael D, Jacquemin D, Frison G. Structure of Electronically Reduced N-Donor Bidentate Ligands and Their Heteroleptic Four-Coordinate Zinc Complexes: A Survey of Density Functional Theory Results. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7169-7179. [PMID: 31117621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Hartree-Fock exchange in describing the structural changes occurring upon reduction of bipyridine-based ligands and their complexes is investigated within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A set of four free ligands in their neutral and radical anionic forms, and two of their zinc complexes in their dicationic and monocationic radical forms, is used to compare a large panel of pure, conventional, and long-range corrected hybrid DFT functionals; coupled cluster single and double calculations are used alongside experimental results as benchmarks. Particular attention has been devoted to the magnitude of the change, upon reduction, of the Δ-parameter, which measures the difference between the Cpy-Cpy and the C-N bond lengths in bipyridine ligand and is known to experimentally correlate with the charge of the ligands. Our results indicate that the structural changes significantly depend on the amount of exact exchange included in the functional. A progressive evolution is observed for the free ligands, whereas two distinct sets of results are obtained for the complexes. Functionals with a small degree of HF exchange, e.g., B3LYP, do not adequately describe geometric changes for the considered species, and, quite surprisingly, the same holds for the CC2 method. The best agreement to experimental and CCSD values is obtained with functionals that include a significant but not excessive part of exact exchange, e.g., CAM-B3LYP, M06-2X, and ωB97X-D. The calculated localization of the added electron after reduction, which depends on the self-interaction error, is used to rationalize these outcomes. Static correlation is also shown to play a role in the accurate description of the electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duncan Carmichael
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- University of Nantes , CNRS, CEISAM (UMR 6230), 2 chemin de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes , Cedex 03 , France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , IP Paris , F-91128 Palaiseau , France
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45
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Sikari R, Sinha S, Das S, Saha A, Chakraborty G, Mondal R, Paul ND. Achieving Nickel Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling under Mild Conditions Using Metal–Ligand Cooperativity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4072-4085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Anannya Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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46
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van der Vlugt JI. Radical-Type Reactivity and Catalysis by Single-Electron Transfer to or from Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:2651-2662. [PMID: 30084211 PMCID: PMC6471147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlled ligand-based redox-activity and chemical non-innocence are rapidly gaining importance for selective (catalytic) processes. This Concept aims to provide an overview of the progress regarding ligand-to-substrate single-electron transfer as a relatively new mode of operation to exploit ligand-centered reactivity and catalysis based thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Bio-Inspired Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis Groupvan ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamNetherlands
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47
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Chakraborty G, Sikari R, Das S, Mondal R, Sinha S, Banerjee S, Paul ND. Dehydrogenative Synthesis of Quinolines, 2-Aminoquinolines, and Quinazolines Using Singlet Diradical Ni(II)-Catalysts. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2626-2641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Seemika Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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48
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Sinha S, Sikari R, Sinha V, Jash U, Das S, Brandão P, Demeshko S, Meyer F, de Bruin B, Paul ND. Iron-Catalyzed/Mediated C–N Bond Formation: Competition between Substrate Amination and Ligand Amination. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1935-1948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Upasona Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Departamento de Química, CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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49
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Alig L, Fritz M, Schneider S. First-Row Transition Metal (De)Hydrogenation Catalysis Based On Functional Pincer Ligands. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2681-2751. [PMID: 30596420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of 3d metals in de/hydrogenation catalysis has emerged as a competitive field with respect to "traditional" precious metal catalyzed transformations. The introduction of functional pincer ligands that can store protons and/or electrons as expressed by metal-ligand cooperativity and ligand redox-activity strongly stimulated this development as a conceptual starting point for rational catalyst design. This review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the utilization of functional pincer ligands in first-row transition metal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis and related synthetic concepts relying on these such as the hydrogen borrowing methodology. Particular emphasis is put on the implementation and relevance of cooperating and redox-active pincer ligands within the mechanistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Alig
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Maximilian Fritz
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
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50
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Rajput A, Sharma AK, Barman SK, Lloret F, Mukherjee R. Six-coordinate [Co III(L) 2] z (z = 1-, 0, 1+) complexes of an azo-appended o-aminophenolate in amidate(2-) and iminosemiquinonate π-radical (1-) redox-levels: the existence of valence-tautomerism. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17086-17101. [PMID: 30465680 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic reaction of the ligand H2L1, 2-(2-phenylazo)-anilino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol, CoCl2·6H2O and Et3N in MeOH under refluxing conditions produces, after work-up and recrystallization, black crystals of [Co(L1)2] (1). When examined by cyclic voltammetry, 1 displays in CH2Cl2 three one-electron redox responses: two oxidative, E11/2 = 0.30 V (peak-to-peak separation, ΔEp = 100 mV) and E21/2 = 1.04 V (ΔEp = 120 mV), and one reductive E1/2 = -0.27 V (ΔEp = 120 mV) vs. SCE. Consequently, 1 is chemically oxidized by 1 equiv. of [FeIII(η5-C5H5)2][PF6], affording the isolation of deep purple crystals of [Co(L1)2][PF6]·2CH2Cl2 (2), and one-electron reduction with [CoII(η5-C5H5)2] yielded bluish-black crystals of [CoIII(η5-C5H5)2][Co(L1)2]·MeCN (3). A solid sample of 1 exhibits temperature-independent (50-300 K) magnetism, revealing the presence of a free radical (S = 1/2), which exhibits an isotropic EPR signal (g = 2.003) at 298 K and at 77 K an eight-line feature characteristic of hyperfine-interaction of the radical with the Co (I = 7/2) nucleus. Based on X-ray structural parameters of 1-3 at 100 K, magnetic and EPR spectral behaviour of 1, and variable-temperature (233-313 K) 1H NMR spectral features of 1-3 and 13C NMR spectra at 298 K of 2 and 3 in CDCl3 point to the electronic structure of the complexes as either [CoIII{(LAP)2-}{(LISQ)}˙-] or [CoIII{(L1)2}˙3-] (delocalized nature favours the latter description) (1), [CoIII{(LISQ)˙-}2][PF6]·2CH2Cl2 (2) and [CoIII(η5-C5H5)2][CoIII{(LAP)2-}2]·MeCN (3) [(LAP)2- and (LISQ)˙- represent the redox-level of coordinated ligands o-amidophenolate(2-) ion and o-iminobenzosemiquinonate(1-) π-radical ion, respectively]. Notably, all the observed redox processes are ligand-centred. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that six-coordinate complexes of a common tridentate o-aminophenolate-based ligand have been structurally characterized for the parent 1, its monocation 2 and the monoanion 3 counterparts. Temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectra reveal the existence of valence-tautomeric equilibria in 1-3. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP-level of theory corroborate the electronic structural assignment of 1-3 from experimental data. The origins of the observed UV-VIS-NIR absorptions for 1-3 have been assigned, based on time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India.
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