1
|
Wani AA, Carballo JJG, Jayaprakash H, Wörle M, Widera A, Togni A, Grützmacher H. A Simple Manganese(I) Catalyst for the Efficient and Selective Hydrophosphination of Olefins with PH 3, Primary, and Secondary Phosphanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303848. [PMID: 38312108 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
A tridentate ligand L with a P,NH,N donor motif was synthesized in few steps from commercially available precursors. Upon reaction with [MnBr(CO)5], an octahedral 18-electron complex [Mn(CO)3(L)]Br (1) is obtained in which L adopts a facial arrangement. After deprotonation of the NH group in the cationic complex unit, a neutral Mn(I) amido complex [Mn(CO)2(L-H)] (2) is formed under loss of CO. Rearrangement of L-H leads to a trigonal bipyramidal structure in which the P and N donor centers are in trans position. Further deprotonation of 2 results in a dep-blue anionic complex fragment [Mn(CO)2(L-2H)]- (3). DFT calculations and a QTAIM analysis show that the amido complex 2 contains a Mn-N bond with partial double bond character and 3 an aromatic MnN2C2 ring. The anion [Mn(CO)2(L-2H)]- reacts with Ph2PH to give a phosphido complex, which serves as phosphide transfer reagent to activated olefins. But the catalytic activity is low. However, the neutral amido complex 2 is an excellent catalyst and with loadings as low as 0.04 mol %, turn over frequencies of >40'000 h-1 can be achieved. Furthermore, secondary and primary alkyl phosphines as well as PH3 can be added in a catalytic hydrophosphination reaction to a wide range of activated olefins such as α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, esters, and nitriles. But also, vinyl pyridine and some styrene derivatives are converted into the corresponding phosphanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aabid A Wani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC), University of Havana, Ave. S., Allende 1110, 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Harikrishnan Jayaprakash
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH, Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Li Y, Lin J, Ke Z, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5376-5384. [PMID: 38577367 PMCID: PMC10988588 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites are expected to show both radical and cationic reactivity at different sites within one molecule. However, such "dual" reactivity has rarely been observed in the condensed phase. Herein we report the isolation of crystalline 1λ2,3λ2-1-phosphonia-3-phosphinyl-cyclohex-4-enes 2a,b˙+, which can be considered delocalized DRCs and were completely characterized by crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational methods. These DRCs contain a radical and cationic site with seven and six valence electrons, respectively, which are both stabilized via conjugation, yet remain spatially separated. They exhibit reactivity that differs from that of conventional radical cations (CRCs); specifically they show sequential radical and cationic reactivity at separated sites within one molecule in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schweinzer C, Coburger P, Grützmacher H. Structural Changes in the Carbon Sphere of a Dirhodium Complex Induced by Redox or Deprotonation Reactions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400072. [PMID: 38520714 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A carbon-rich molecule is synthesized, which mainly contains conjugated sp2 and sp hybridized carbon centers. Alkenyl and alkynyl binding sites are arranged such that this compound serves as ligand to a binuclear metal unit with a RhI─RhI bond. Furthermore, CH units are placed in proximity to the metal centers. The dicationic complex [Rh2(bipy)2{Ph2Ptrop(C≡CCy)2}]2+(OTf-)2 allows to study possible responses of the carbon-framework to redox reactions as well as deprotonation reactions. All products are, whenever possible, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, NMR and EPR spectroscopy as well as electrochemical methods. It is shown that the carbon skeleton of the ligand framework undergoes C─C bond rearrangement reactions of remarkable diversity. In combination with DFT (density functional theory) studies, these results allow to gain insight into the electronic structure changes caused by metal sites in a carbon-rich environment, which may be of relevance for the properties of metal particles on carbon support materials when they are exposed to hydrogen, electrons, or protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry, TU Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wen J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Grützmacher H, Hu P. Cobalt catalyzed practical hydroboration of terminal alkynes with time-dependent stereoselectivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2208. [PMID: 38467660 PMCID: PMC10928171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereodefined vinylboron compounds are important organic synthons. The synthesis of E-1-vinylboron compounds typically involves the addition of a B-H bond to terminal alkynes. The selective generation of the thermodynamically unfavorable Z-isomers remains challenging, necessitating improved methods. Here, such a proficient and cost-effective catalytic system is introduced, comprising a cobalt salt and a readily accessible air-stable CNC pincer ligand. This system enables the transformation of terminal alkynes, even in the presence of bulky substituents, with excellent Z-selectivity. High turnover numbers (>1,600) and turnover frequencies (>132,000 h-1) are achieved at room temperature, and the reaction can be scaled up to 30 mmol smoothly. Kinetic studies reveal a formal second-order dependence on cobalt concentration. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the alkynes exhibit a higher affinity for the catalyst than the alkene products, resulting in exceptional Z-selective performance. Furthermore, a rare time-dependent stereoselectivity is observed, allowing for quantitative conversion of Z-vinylboronate esters to the E-isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Wen
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yahao Huang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Himmelbauer D, Müller F, Schweinzer C, Casas F, Pribanic B, Le Corre G, Thöny D, Trincado M, Grützmacher H. Selective dehydrogenation of ammonia borane to polycondensated BN rings catalysed by ruthenium olefin complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:885-888. [PMID: 38165285 PMCID: PMC10795514 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05709g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation of ammonia borane to well-defined products is an important but challenging reaction. A dinuclear ruthenium complex with a Ru-Ru bond bearing a diazadiene (dad) unit and olefins as non-innocent ligands catalyzes the highly selective formation of conjugated polycondensed borazine oligomers (BxNxHy), predominantly B21N21H18, the BN analogue of superbenzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Himmelbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163Vienna A-1060Austria
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Fernando Casas
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Bruno Pribanic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wiesner T, Neshchadin D, Glotz G, Gfader Z, Schrader E, Christen S, Fischer RC, Kelterer AM, Gescheidt G, Grützmacher H, Haas M. Symmetrical and Mixed Tris(acyl)phosphines: Synthesis, Oxidation and Photochemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302535. [PMID: 37701996 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a convenient synthesis for symmetrical and mixed substituted tris(acyl)phosphines (TAPs) starting from red phosphorus. All TAPs exhibit a phosphaalkene-acylphosphine equilibrium, which was investigated in detail by variable-temperature (VT) NMR spectroscopy supported by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Depending on the substituents, two phosphaalkene derivatives and ten acylphosphine derivatives could be isolated. NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography enabled a clear structural assignment of these compounds. Oxidation of selected TAPs led to the formation of the corresponding tris(acyl)phosphine oxides (TAPOs). Furthermore, their spectroscopic properties as well as their photochemistry was investigated. Especially, the TAPO compounds were evaluated for their suitability as photoinitiators by CIDNP spectroscopy, photobleaching measurements and by storage stability tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wiesner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Zeno Gfader
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Erik Schrader
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Christen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wiesner T, Neshchadin D, Glotz G, Gfader Z, Schrader E, Christen S, Fischer RC, Kelterer AM, Gescheidt G, Grützmacher H, Haas M. Symmetrical and Mixed Tris(acyl)phosphines: Synthesis, Oxidation and Photochemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303527. [PMID: 37933987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of M. Haas, G. Gescheidt and H. Grützmacher from the Graz University of Technology and the ETH Zürich. The image depicts a phosphorus mine, where the workers are acid chlorides using their shovels and red phosphorus to provide the chemicals necessary to produce novel reagents. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302535.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wiesner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Zeno Gfader
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Erik Schrader
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Christen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lin J, Liu S, Zhang J, Grützmacher H, Su CY, Li Z. Room temperature stable E, Z-diphosphenes: their isomerization, coordination, and cycloaddition chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10944-10952. [PMID: 37829033 PMCID: PMC10566463 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
E,Z-isomers display distinct physical properties and chemical reactivities. However, investigations on heavy main group elements remain limited. In this work, we present the isolation and X-ray crystallographic characterization of N-heterocyclic vinyl (NHV) substituted diphosphenes as both E- and Z-isomers (L[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-P[double bond, length as m-dash]P-CH[double bond, length as m-dash]L, E,Z-2b; L = N-heterocyclic carbene). E-2b is thermodynamically more stable and undergoes reversible photo-stimulated isomerization to Z-2b. The less stable Z-isomer Z-2b can be thermally reverted to E-2b. Theoretical studies support the view that this E ↔ Z isomerization proceeds via P[double bond, length as m-dash]P bond rotation, reminiscent of the isomerization observed in alkenes. Furthermore, both E,Z-2b coordinate to an AuCl fragment affording the complex [AuCl(η2-Z-2b)] with the diphosphene ligand in Z-conformation, exclusively. In contrast, E,Z-2b undergo [2 + 4] and [2 + 1] cycloadditions with dienes or diazo compounds, respectively, yielding identical cycloaddition products in which the phosphorus bound NHV groups are in trans-position to each other. DFT calculations provide insight into the E/Z-isomerisation and stereoselective formation of Au(i) complexes and cycloaddition products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Lin
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shihua Liu
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhongshu Li
- LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coburger P, Schweinzer C, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Reversible Single Electron Redox Steps Convert Polycycles with a C 3 P 3 Core to a Planar Triphosphinine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214548. [PMID: 36688727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the imidazolium-stabilized diphosphete-diide IDP with trityl phosphaalkyne affords a mixture which contains the molecules 1 a and 1 b with a central C3 P3 core, which formally carries a two-fold negative charge. In order to avoid the formation of an antiaromatic 8π electron system within a conjugated dianionic six-membered [C3 P3 ]2- ring, 1 a adopts a bicyclic [3.1.0] and 1 b a tricyclic [2.2.0.0] structure which are in a dynamic equilibrium. 1 a, b can be reversibly oxidized to a triphosphinine dication [5]2+ with a central flat aromatic six-membered C3 P3 ring. This two-electron redox reaction occurs in two single-electron transfer steps via the 7π-radical cation [4]⋅+ , which could also be isolated and fully characterized. The profound reversible structural change observed for the two-electron redox couple [5]2+ /1 a, b is in sharp contrast to the C6 H6 /[C6 H6 ]2- couple, which undergoes only a modest structural deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 30071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Widera A, Thöny D, Aebli M, Oppenheim JJ, Andrews JL, Eiler F, Wörle M, Schönberg H, Weferling N, Dincǎ M, Grützmacher H. Solid-State Investigation, Storage, and Separation of Pyrophoric PH 3 and P 2 H 4 with α-Mg Formate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217534. [PMID: 36645673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphane, PH3 -a highly pyrophoric and toxic gas-is frequently contaminated with H2 and P2 H4 , which makes its handling even more dangerous. The inexpensive metal-organic framework (MOF) magnesium formate, α-[Mg(O2 CH)2 ], can adsorb up to 10 wt % of PH3 . The PH3 -loaded MOF, PH3 @α-[Mg(O2 CH)2 ], is a non-pyrophoric, recoverable material that even allows brief handling in air, thereby minimizing the hazards associated with the handling and transport of phosphane. α-[Mg(O2 CH)2 ] further plays a critical role in purifying PH3 from H2 and P2 H4 : at 25 °C, H2 passes through the MOF channels without adsorption, whereas PH3 adsorbs readily and only slowly desorbs under a flow of inert gas (complete desorption time≈6 h). Diphosphane, P2 H4 , is strongly adsorbed and trapped within the MOF for at least 4 months. P2 H4 @α-[Mg(O2 CH)2 ] itself is not pyrophoric and is air- and light-stable at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julius Jacob Oppenheim
- MIT Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA-02139 18-393, USA
| | - Justin L Andrews
- MIT Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA-02139 18-393, USA
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Schönberg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mircea Dincǎ
- MIT Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA-02139 18-393, USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abels AS, Eiler F, Le Corre G, Jurt P, Wörle M, Verel R, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. The coordination chemistry of 2,4,6-oxy functionalised 1,3,5-triphosphinines. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3308-3314. [PMID: 36785885 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of stable group 6 metal complexes bearing 2,4,6-oxy functionalised 1,3,5-triphosphinines, phosphorus containing heterocyclic ligands with a central C3P3 core, were synthesised such that a complete series of [M{P3C3(OX)3}(CO)3] compounds is obtained [M = Cr(0), Mo(0), W(0); X = H, SitBuPh2, B(ipc)2]. In all complexes, the triphosphinine coordinates in a η6-binding mode via the delocalized 6π-system of the ring. The ligand properties can be tuned by changing the substituent on the oxygen centre. The π-electron accepting properties of the ligand increases in the following order: P3C3(OH)3 < P3C3(OSitBuPh2)3 < P3C3(OB(ipc)2)3. This trend is reflected in the structures determined by X-ray crystallography, and the ν(CO) stretching frequencies determined by IR spectroscopy. The collected data raise questions with respect to the frequently made assumption that phosphinines act as stronger π-acceptors with respect to arenes and thereby deplete electron density at the metal centres. With P3C3(OH)3 as an η6-coordinated ligand further molecules can be coordinated in the second coordination sphere via hydrogen bonds, which may be of interest for the construction of coordination polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Abels
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Jurt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zoltan Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary.
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Widera A, Conti R, Schrader E, Aebli M, Wörle M, Grützmacher H. Bis(acyl)phosphide - Ambidentate Ligands for the Synthesis of Group 14 and 15 Main Group Element Compounds. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200451. [PMID: 36786446 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the bis(acyl)phosphide ion [P(COR)2 ]- (BAP- , R=Ph, Mes) with silicon halides SiX4 (X=Cl, Br) and pnictogen chlorides ECl3 (E=As, Sb and Bi) was investigated. The reaction with SiX4 leads to the hexacoordinate silanes SiX2 (BAP)2 in which BAP- is coordinated in the chelating κ2 -O,O' mode, analogously to acac- . Unexpectedly, the coordination behaviour of BAP- differs from the one of acac- in the interpnictogen compounds E(BAP)3 (E=As, Sb) in which the formation of E-P bonds is favoured over κ2 -O,O' chelation via the oxygen centres. Finally, the reaction of BiCl3 with three equivalents of Na(BAP) leads to the formation of red, crystalline Bi2 (BAP)4 , an air stable dibismuthine, as product of a redox reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erik Schrader
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Widera A, Conti R, Cosola A, Fäh A, Thöny D, Sangermano M, Levalois-Grützmacher J, Grützmacher H. ACTIVE-BAPO - A Versatile Transfer Agent for Photoactive Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Units. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203842. [PMID: 36786542 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A N-hydroxy succinimide (NHS)-ester substituted bis(acyl)phosphane oxide (ACTIVE-BAPO) was prepared via phospha-Michael addition and used for an easy one-step BAPO ligation with substrates containing primary amino groups such as amino acids, proteins and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Thereby a range of new molecular and polymeric photoinitators was obtained. Real-time photo-rheology experiments demonstrated the outstanding efficiency of the PAMAM BAPOs as photoinitiators for free radical polymerization. Remarkably, it is found that PAMAM BAPOs also act as crosslinking agents to convert monofunctional methacrylate monomers into thermosetting networks without any further additives. Depending on the number of the attached BAPOs, thermosets with a different degree of crosslinking and swelling capability in water were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Riccardo Conti
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Andrea Cosola
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, ITALY
| | - Ashling Fäh
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Debora Thöny
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Torino, ITALY
| | - Joelle Levalois-Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zürich, SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coburger P, Schweinzer C, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Reversible Single Electron Redox Steps Convert Polycycles with a C3P3 core to a Planar Triphosphinine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bösken J, Rodríguez-Lugo RE, Nappen S, Trincado M, Grützmacher H. Reduction of Nitrous Oxide by Light Alcohols Catalysed by a Low-Valent Ruthenium Diazadiene Complex. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203632. [PMID: 36651842 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Decomposition of the environmentally harmful gas nitrous oxide (N2 O) is usually performed thermally or catalytically. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is currently the most promising technology for N2 O mitigation, a multicomponent heterogeneous catalytic system that employs reducing agents such as ammonia, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, or a combination thereof. This study reports the first homogenous catalyst that performs the reduction of nitrous oxide employing readily available and cheap light alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or ethylene glycol derivatives. During the reaction, these alcohols are transformed in a dehydrogenative coupling reaction to carboxylate derivatives, while N2 O is converted to N2 and H2 O, later entering the reaction as substrate. The reaction is catalysed by the low-valent dinuclear ruthenium complex [Ru2 H(μ-H)(Me2 dad)(dbcot)2 ] that carries a diazabutadiene, Me2 dad, and two rigid dienes, dbcot, as ligands. The reduction of nitrous oxide proceeds with low catalyst loadings under relatively mild conditions (65-80 °C, 1.4 bar N2 O) achieving turnover numbers of up to 480 and turnover frequencies of up to 56 h-1 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bösken
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael E Rodríguez-Lugo
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sven Nappen
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Monica Trincado
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Widera A, Thöny D, Aebli M, Oppenheim JJ, Andrews J, Eiler F, Wörle M, Schönberg H, Weferling N, Dincǎ M, Grützmacher H. Solid‐State Investigation, Storage, and Separation of Pyrophoric PH3 and P2H4 with α‐Mg Formate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202217534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Widera
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| | - Debora Thöny
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Marcel Aebli
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Justin Andrews
- MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Frederik Eiler
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Michael Wörle
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Hartmut Schönberg
- ETH Zurich D-CHAB: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Mircea Dincǎ
- MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Görlich T, Coburger P, Yang E, Goicoechea J, Grützmacher H, Müller C. The Chemistry of the Cyaphide Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202217749. [PMID: 36626283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We review the known chemistry of the cyaphide ion, (C≡P)-. This remarkable diatomic anion has been the subject of study since the late nineteenth century, however its isolation and characterization eluded chemists for almost a hundred years. In this mini-review, we explore the pioneering and synthetic experiments that first allowed for its isolation, as well as more recent developments demonstrating that cyaphide transfer is viable in well-established salt-metathesis protocols. The physical properties of the cyaphide ion are also explored in depth, allowing us to compare and contrast the chemistry of this ion with that of its lighter congener cyanide (an archetypal strong field ligand and important organic functional group). Recent studies show that the cyaphide ion has the potential to be used as a versatile chemical regent for the synthesis of novel molecules and materials hinting at many interesting future avenues of investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Görlich
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie: Freie Universitat Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, GERMANY
| | - Peter Coburger
- ETHZ Zürich, Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, SWITZERLAND
| | - Eric Yang
- University of Oxford, Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Görlich T, Coburger P, Yang E, Goicoechea J, Grützmacher H, Müller C. The Chemistry of the Cyaphide Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202217749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Görlich
- Freie Universität Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie: Freie Universitat Berlin Fachbereich Biologie Chemie Pharmazie Institut für Chemie und Biochemie GERMANY
| | - Peter Coburger
- ETHZ Zürich Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften SWITZERLAND
| | - Eric Yang
- University of Oxford Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Christian Müller
- Freie Universitaet Berlin Institut fuer Chemie und Biochemie Fabeckstr. 34-36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Coburger P, Scharnhölz MT, Beer H, Bresien J, Schulz A, Grützmacher H. A comperative study of biradicaloids as ligands in iron tetra carbonyl complexes. ARKIVOC 2023. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
|
20
|
Conti R, Widera A, Müller G, Fekete C, Thöny D, Eiler F, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. Organocatalyzed Phospha-Michael Addition: A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Customized Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxide Photoinitiators. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202563. [PMID: 36200550 PMCID: PMC10100105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the P-H bond in bis(mesitoyl)phosphine, HP(COMes)2 (BAPH), to a wide variety of activated carbon-carbon double bonds as acceptors was investigated. While this phospha-Michael addition does not proceed in the absence of an additive or catalyst, excellent results were obtained with stoichiometric basic potassium or caesium salts. Simple amine bases can be employed in catalytic amounts, and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in particular is an outstanding catalyst that allows the preparation of bis(acyl)phosphines, R-P(COMes)2 , under very mild conditions in excellent yields after only a short time. All phosphines RP(COMes)2 can subsequently be oxidized to the corresponding bis(acyl)phosphane oxides, RPO(COMes)2 , a substance class belonging to the most potent photoinitiators for radical polymerizations known to date. Thus, a simple and highly atom economic method has been found that allows the preparation of a broad range of photoinitiators adapted to their specific field of application even on a large scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Widera
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csilla Fekete
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary.,ELKH-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, 1111, Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3., Hungary
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coburger P, Masero F, Bösken J, Mougel V, Grützmacher H. A Germapyramidane Switches Between 3D Cluster and 2D Cyclic Structures in Single-Electron Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211749. [PMID: 36152009 PMCID: PMC9828763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the imidazolium-substituted iphosphate-diide, (Ipr)2 C2 P2 (IDP), with GeCl2 ⋅ dioxane and KBArF24 [(BarF24 )- =tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate)] afforded the dicationic spherical-aromatic nido-cluster [Ge(η4 -IDP)]2+ ([1]2+ ) (Ipr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium-2-ylidene). This complex is a rare heavy analogue of the elusive pyramidane [C(η4 -C4 H4 )]. [1]2+ undergoes two reversible one-electron reductions, which yield the radical cation [2]⋅+ and the neutral GeII species 3. Both [2]⋅+ and 3 rearrange in solution forming the 2D aromatic and planar imidazolium-substituted digermolide [4]2+ and germole-diide 5, respectively. Both planar species can be oxidized back to [1]2+ using AgSbF6 . These redox-isomerizations correspond to the fundamental transformation of a 3D aromatic cluster into a 2D aromatic ring compound upon reduction and vice versa. The mechanism of these reactions was elucidated using DFT calculations and cyclic voltammetry experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Fabio Masero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Bösken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZürichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Gravogl L, Klose D, Gamboa‐Carballo JJ, Le Corre G, Bösken J, Schweinzer C, Thöny D, Li Z, Meyer K, Grützmacher H. Bis(imidazolium)-1,3-diphosphete-diide: A Building Block for FeC 2 P 2 Complexes and Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205371. [PMID: 35661524 PMCID: PMC9796810 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the 6π-electron aromatic four-membered heterocycle (IPr)2 C2 P2 (1) (IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene) with [Fe2 CO9 ] gives the neutral iron tricarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)3 -η3 -{(IPr)2 C2 P2 }] (2). Oxidation with two equivalents of the ferrocenium salt, [Fe(Cp)2 ](BArF24 ), affords the dicationic tricarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)3 -η4 -{(IPr)2 C2 P2 }](BArF24 )2 (4). The one-electron oxidation proceeds under concomitant loss of one CO ligand to give the paramagnetic dicarbonyl radical cation complex [Fe(CO)2 -η4 -{(IPr)2 C2 P2 }](BArF24 ) (5). Reduction of 5 allows the preparation of the neutral dicarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)2 -η4 -{(IPr)2 C2 P2 }] (6). An analysis by various spectroscopic techniques (57 Fe Mössbauer, EPR) combined with DFT calculations gives insight into differences of the electronic structure within the members of this unique series of iron carbonyl complexes, which can be either described as electron precise or Wade-Mingos clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Lisa Gravogl
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa‐Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland,Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC)University of HavanaAve. S. Allende 111010600HavanaCuba
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Bösken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University510275GuangzhouChina,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic ChemistryNankai University30071TianjinChina
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyInorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 18093ZürichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Gravogl L, Klose D, Gamboa‐Carballo JJ, Le Corre G, Bösken J, Schweinzer C, Thöny D, Li Z, Meyer K, Grützmacher H. Frontispiz: Bis(imidazolium)‐1,3‐diphosphete‐diide: A Building Block for FeC
2
P
2
Complexes and Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202284361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Theodor Scharnhölz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lisa Gravogl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa‐Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC) University of Havana Ave. S. Allende 1110 10600 Havana Cuba
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jonas Bösken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University 30071 Tianjin China
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Gravogl L, Klose D, Gamboa‐Carballo JJ, Le Corre G, Bösken J, Schweinzer C, Thöny D, Li Z, Meyer K, Grützmacher H. Frontispiece: Bis(imidazolium)‐1,3‐diphosphete‐diide: A Building Block for FeC
2
P
2
Complexes and Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202284361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Theodor Scharnhölz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Peter Coburger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Lisa Gravogl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Daniel Klose
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa‐Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC) University of Havana Ave. S. Allende 1110 10600 Havana Cuba
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jonas Bösken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University 510275 Guangzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University 30071 Tianjin China
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Inorganic Chemistry Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) Egerlandstr. 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coburger P, Masero F, Bösken J, Mougel V, Grützmacher H. A Germapyramidane Switches Between 3D Cluster and 2D Cyclic Structures in Single Electron Steps. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | - Fabio Masero
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Jonas Bösken
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Victor Mougel
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schmallegger M, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Bis(acyl)phosphine Oxides as Stoichiometric Photo‐Reductants for Copper Nanoparticle Synthesis: Efficiency and Kinetics. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institut of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duvinage D, Janssen M, Lork E, Grützmacher H, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Kinetic Stabilization of Heavier Bis(m‐terphenyl)pnictogen Phosphaethynolates. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jens Beckmann
- Universität Bremen Institut fuer Biologie und Chemie Leobener Str. 28359 Bremen GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Gravogl L, Klose D, Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Le Corre G, Bösken J, Schweinzer C, Thöny D, Meyer K, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Bis(imidazolium)‐1,3‐diphosphete‐diide: A Building Block for FeC2P2 Complexes and Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Scharnhölz
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - P. Coburger
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - L. Gravogl
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemie GERMANY
| | - D. Klose
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - J. J. Gamboa-Carballo
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - G. Le Corre
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - J. Bösken
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - C. Schweinzer
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - D. Thöny
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - K. Meyer
- FAU: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Chemie GERMANY
| | - Z. Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Hönggerberg Deptmartment of Chemistry Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oswald J, Scharnhölz MT, Coburger P, Beer H, Bresien J, Schulz A, Grützmacher H. Insertion of Ruthenium into an inorganic, cyclic biradicaloid. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oswald
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | | | - Peter Coburger
- ETH Zurich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
| | - Henrik Beer
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock: Universitat Rostock SWITZERLAND
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Hönggerberg Deptmartment of Chemistry Vladimir Prelog Weg 1 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de Zwart FJ, Sinha V, Trincado M, Grützmacher H, de Bruin B. Computational mechanistic studies of ruthenium catalysed methanol dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3019-3026. [PMID: 35079760 PMCID: PMC8862544 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous ruthenium catalysed methanol dehydrogenation could become a key reaction for hydrogen production in liquid fuel cells. In order to improve existing catalytic systems, mechanistic insight is paramount in directing future studies. Herein, we describe what computational mechanistic research has taught us so far about ruthenium catalysed dehydrogenation reactions. In general, two mechanistic pathways can be operative in these reactions: a metal-centered or a metal-ligand cooperative (Noyori-Morris type) minimum energy reaction pathway (MERP). Discerning between these mechanisms on the basis of computational studies has proven to be highly input dependent, and to circumvent pitfalls it is important to consider several factors, such as solvent effects, metal-ligand cooperativity, alternative geometries, and complex electronic structures of metal centres. This Frontiers article summarizes the reported computational research performed on ruthenium catalyzed dehydrogenation reactions performed in the past decade, and serves as a guide for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J de Zwart
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Inorganic Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica Trincado
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Grützmacher H, Le Corre G. Simple conversion of trisodium phosphide, Na3P, into silyl- and cyanophosphides and structure of a terminal silver phosphide. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3497-3501. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04223h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of trisodium phosphide (Na3P) with chlorosilanes allows for simple derivatization into silyl- and cyano-substituted phosphanide species which were compared to each other. The recently discovered cyano(triphenylsilyl)phosphanide shows unique coordination...
Collapse
|
32
|
Bellini M, Bösken J, Wörle M, Thöny D, Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Krumeich F, Bàrtoli F, Miller HA, Poggini L, Oberhauser W, Lavacchi A, Grützmacher H, Vizza F. Remarkable Stability of a Molecular Ruthenium Complex in PEM Water Electrolysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3748-3760. [PMID: 35432912 PMCID: PMC8966732 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The dinuclear Ru diazadiene olefin complex, [Ru2(OTf)(μ-H)(Me2dad)(dbcot)2], is an active catalyst for hydrogen evolution in a Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolyser. When supported on high surface area carbon black and at 80 °C, [Ru2(OTf)(μ-H)(Me2dad)(dbcot)2]@C evolves hydrogen at the cathode of a PEM electrolysis cell (400 mA cm−2, 1.9 V). A remarkable turn over frequency (TOF) of 7800 molH2 molcatalyst−1 h−1 is maintained over 7 days of operation. A series of model reactions in homogeneous media and in electrochemical half cells, combined with DFT calculations, are used to rationalize the hydrogen evolution mechanism promoted by [Ru2(OTf)(μ-H)(Me2dad)(dbcot)2]. Molecular dinuclear ruthenium complexes deposited on conducting carbon serve as active sites for the evolution of hydrogen from neutral water in a Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolyser.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bellini
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Jonas Bösken
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa-Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC), University of Havana 10600 Havana Cuba
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bàrtoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena Via Aldo Moro 2 Siena 53100 Italy
| | - Hamish A Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Werner Oberhauser
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Alessandro Lavacchi
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds - National Research Council (ICCOM-CNR) Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Duvinage D, Janssen M, Lork E, Grützmacher H, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Heavier Bis(m-terphenyl)element phosphaethynolates of Group 13. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7622-7629. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00907b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of the heavier group 13 phosphaketene complexes (2,6-Mes2C6H3)2EPCO (1, E = Ga; 2, E = In) were reported. The reaction of 1 and 2 with 1,2,3,4-tetramethylimidazolin-2-ylidene,...
Collapse
|
34
|
Jurt P, Abels AS, Gamboa‐Carballo JJ, Fernández I, Le Corre G, Aebli M, Baker MG, Eiler F, Müller F, Wörle M, Verel R, Gauthier S, Trincado M, Gianetti TL, Grützmacher H. Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Hydrogen with Rhodium(I)–Platinum(II) Olefin Complexes as Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jurt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anne Sofie Abels
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa‐Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC) University of Havana Ave. S. Allende 1110 10600 Havana Cuba
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthew G. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ. Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona, Tucson 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85719 USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 CH-8093 Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jurt P, Abels AS, Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Fernández I, Le Corre G, Aebli M, Baker MG, Eiler F, Müller F, Wörle M, Verel R, Gauthier S, Trincado M, Gianetti TL, Grützmacher H. Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Hydrogen with Rhodium(I)-Platinum(II) Olefin Complexes as Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25372-25380. [PMID: 34510678 PMCID: PMC9298341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen oxides NO2, NO, and N2O are among the most potent air pollutants of the 21st century. A bimetallic RhI–PtII complex containing an especially designed multidentate phosphine olefin ligand is capable of catalytically detoxifying these nitrogen oxides in the presence of hydrogen to form water and dinitrogen as benign products. The catalytic reactions were performed at room temperature and low pressures (3–4 bar for combined nitrogen oxides and hydrogen gases). A turnover number (TON) of 587 for the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to water and N2 was recorded, making these RhI–PtII complexes the best homogeneous catalysts for this reaction to date. Lower TONs were achieved in the conversion of nitric oxide (NO, TON=38) or nitrogen dioxide (NO2, TON of 8). These unprecedented homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions of NOx were investigated by a combination of multinuclear NMR techniques and DFT calculations, which provide insight into a possible reaction mechanism. The hydrogenation of NO2 proceeds stepwise, to first give NO and H2O, followed by the generation of N2O and H2O, which is then further converted to N2 and H2O. The nitrogen−nitrogen bond‐forming step takes place in the conversion from NO to N2O and involves reductive dimerization of NO at a rhodium center to give a hyponitrite (N2O22−) complex, which was detected as an intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Jurt
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Sofie Abels
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa-Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC), University of Havana, Ave. S. Allende 1110, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew G Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Eiler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wörle
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Le Corre G, Gamboa‐Carballo JJ, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Cyano(triphenylsilyl)phosphanide as a Building Block for P,C,N Conjugated Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa‐Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC) University of Havana Ave. S Allende 1110 10600 Havana Cuba
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1 Hönggerberg 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Le Corre G, Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Li Z, Grützmacher H. Cyano(triphenylsilyl)phosphanide as a Building Block for P,C,N Conjugated Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24817-24822. [PMID: 34463413 PMCID: PMC9297940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyano(triphenylsilyl)phosphanide anion was prepared as a sodium salt from 2‐phosphaethynolate. The electronic structure of this new cyano(silyl)phosphanide was studied via computational methods and its reactivity investigated using various electrophiles and Lewis acids, demonstrating its P‐ and N‐nucleophilicity. The ambident reactivity is in agreement with computations. The silyl group also shows lability and therefore the cyano(silyl)phosphanide can be considered as a phosphacyanamide synthon, [PCN]2−, and serves as building block for the transfer of a PCN moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa-Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC), University of Havana, Ave. S Allende 1110, 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of the simplest phosphaketene HPCO and its isotopologue DPCO in solid Ar-matrices at 12.0 K have been analyzed with the aid of the computations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level using configuration-selective vibrational configuration interaction (VCI). In addition to the four IR fundamentals, four overtone and ten combination bands have been unambiguously identified. Furthermore, the photochemistry of HPCO in the matrix has been investigated for the first time. Upon UV-light irradiation (365 or 266 nm), CO-elimination occurs by forming the parent phosphinidene HP that can be trapped by ˙NO to yield the elusive phosphinimine-N-oxyl radical HPNO˙. In contrast, an excimer laser (193 nm) irradiation of HPCO causes additional decomposition to H˙ and ˙PCO with concomitant formation of the long-sought phosphaethyne HOCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Sandmeier M, Paunović N, Conti R, Hofmann L, Wang J, Luo Z, Masania K, Wu N, Kleger N, Coulter FB, Studart AR, Grützmacher H, Leroux JC, Bao Y. Solvent-Free Three-Dimensional Printing of Biodegradable Elastomers Using Liquid Macrophotoinitiators. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Sandmeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nevena Paunović
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leopold Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Wang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kunal Masania
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Na Wu
- Lab of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kleger
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fergal Brian Coulter
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Suter R, Gilliard RJ, Iskandarov J, Benkő Z, Wörle M, Grützmacher H. Anionic 1-Aza-3,4-diphospholides as redox active ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
42
|
Coles NT, Sofie Abels A, Leitl J, Wolf R, Grützmacher H, Müller C. Phosphinine-based ligands: Recent developments in coordination chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
43
|
Mei Y, Gamboa-Carballo JJ, Bao Y, Wu N, Le Corre G, Grützmacher H. Coordination-induced polymerization of P═C bonds leads to regular (P─C) n polycarbophosphanes. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf4272. [PMID: 33692112 PMCID: PMC7946365 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of carbon in (C─C) n chains of polyolefins by phosphorus leads to polycarbophosphanes (P─C) n , which may possess unique chemical and physical properties. However, macromolecules with a regular (P─C) n chain have never been unambiguously identified. Here, we demonstrate that addition polymerization, a general concept to polymerize olefins, can be extended to P═C double bonds. The polymerization of monomeric 2-phosphanaphthalenes is mediated by copper(I) halides and leads to polycarbophosphanes with an M n of 14 to 34 kDa. Each phosphorus is coordinated to Cu(I), which can be easily removed. Unlike long-term durable polyolefins, the metal-free polymers depolymerize rapidly back to monomers under sunlight or ultraviolet irradiation at λ = 365 nm. The monomers can be recycled for repolymerization, demonstrating a cradle-to-cradle life cycle for polycarbophosphanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mei
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juan José Gamboa-Carballo
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Higher Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences (InSTEC), University of Havana, 10600 Havana, Cuba
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Poupart O, Conti R, Schmocker A, Pancaldi L, Moser C, Nuss KM, Sakar MS, Dobrocky T, Grützmacher H, Mosimann PJ, Pioletti DP. Pulsatile Flow-Induced Fatigue-Resistant Photopolymerizable Hydrogels for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:619858. [PMID: 33553124 PMCID: PMC7855579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative intracranial aneurysm embolic agent is emerging in the form of hydrogels due to their ability to be injected in liquid phase and solidify in situ. Hydrogels have the ability to fill an aneurysm sac more completely compared to solid implants such as those used in coil embolization. Recently, the feasibility to implement photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels in vitro has been demonstrated for aneurysm application. Nonetheless, the physical and mechanical properties of such hydrogels require further characterization to evaluate their long-term integrity and stability to avoid implant compaction and aneurysm recurrence over time. To that end, molecular weight and polymer content of the hydrogels were tuned to match the elastic modulus and compliance of aneurysmal tissue while minimizing the swelling volume and pressure. The hydrogel precursor was injected and photopolymerized in an in vitro aneurysm model, designed by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) around 3D printed water-soluble sacrificial molds. The hydrogels were then exposed to a fatigue test under physiological pulsatile flow, inducing a combination of circumferential and shear stresses. The hydrogels withstood 5.5 million cycles and no significant weight loss of the implant was observed nor did the polymerized hydrogel protrude or migrate into the parent artery. Slight surface erosion defects of 2–10 μm in depth were observed after loading compared to 2 μm maximum for non-loaded hydrogels. These results show that our fine-tuned photopolymerized hydrogel is expected to withstand the physiological conditions of an in vivo implant study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Poupart
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Conti
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schmocker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Pancaldi
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja M Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut S Sakar
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Dobrocky
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal J Mosimann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominique P Pioletti
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Orthopedics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich 8093 Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM) School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30071 China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Distonic radical cations (DRCs) with spatially separated charge and radical sites have, so far, largely been observed by gas-phase mass spectrometry and/or matrix isolation spectroscopy work. Herein, we disclose the isolation of a crystalline dicarbondiphosphide-based β-distonic radical cation salt 3.+ (BARF) (BARF=[B(3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 )4 )]- ) stable at room temperature and formed by a one-electron-oxidation-induced intramolecular skeletal rearrangement reaction. Such a species has been validated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Compound 3.+ (BARF) exhibits a large majority of spin density at a two-coordinate phosphorus atom (0.74 a.u.) and a cationic charge located predominantly at the four-coordinate phosphorus atom (1.53 a.u.), which are separated by one carbon atom. This species represents an isolable entity of a phosphorus radical cation that is the closest to a genuine phosphorus DRC to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shihua Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China.,Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 30071, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bornemann D, Pitts CR, Wettstein L, Brüning F, Küng S, Guan L, Trapp N, Grützmacher H, Togni A. Desoxyfluorierung von Phosphanoxiden: Ein allgemeiner Weg zu fluorierten Organophosphor(V)‐Verbindungen und noch mehr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Bornemann
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA USA
| | - Lionel Wettstein
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Fabian Brüning
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Sebastian Küng
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Liangyu Guan
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla CA USA
| | - Nils Trapp
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Antonio Togni
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bornemann D, Pitts CR, Wettstein L, Brüning F, Küng S, Guan L, Trapp N, Grützmacher H, Togni A. Deoxygenative Fluorination of Phosphine Oxides: A General Route to Fluorinated Organophosphorus(V) Compounds and Beyond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22790-22795. [PMID: 32852879 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated organophosphorus(V) compounds are a very versatile class of compounds, but the synthetic methods available to make them bear the disadvantages of 1) occasional handling of toxic or pyrophoric PIII starting materials and 2) a dependence on hazardous fluorinating reagents such as XeF2 . Herein, we present a simple solution and introduce a deoxygenative fluorination (DOF) approach that utilizes easy-to-handle phosphine oxides as starting materials and effectively replaces harsh fluorinating reagents by a combination of oxalyl chloride and potassium fluoride. The reaction has proven to be general, as R3 PF2 , R2 PF3 , and RPF4 compounds (as well as various cations and anions derived from these) are accessible in good yields and on up to a multi-gram scale. DFT calculations were used to bolster our observations. Notably, the discovery of this new method led to a convenient synthesis of 1) new difluorophosphonium ions, 2) hexafluorophosphate salts, and 3) fluorinated antimony- and arsenic- compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Bornemann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Wettstein
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brüning
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Küng
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Liangyu Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nils Trapp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bloch J, Kradolfer S, L. Gianetti T, Ostendorf D, Dey S, Mougel V, Grützmacher H. Synthesis and Characterization of Ion Pairs between Alkaline Metal Ions and Anionic Anti-Aromatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons with π-Conjugated Central Seven- and Eight-Membered Rings. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204742. [PMID: 33076581 PMCID: PMC7594067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, isolation and full characterization of ion pairs between alkaline metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) and mono-anions and dianions obtained from 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl (C15H11 = trop) is reported. According to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the trop‒ and trop2−• anions show anti-aromatic properties which are dependent on the counter cation M+ and solvent molecules serving as co-ligands. For comparison, the disodium and dipotassium salt of the dianion of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (C16H12 = dbcot) were prepared, which show classical aromatic character. A d8-Rh(I) complex of trop− was prepared and the structure shows a distortion of the C15H11 ligand into a conjugated 10π -benzo pentadienide unit—to which the Rh(I) center is coordinated—and an aromatic 6π electron benzo group which is non-coordinated. Electron transfer reactions between neutral and anionic trop and dbcot species show that the anti-aromatic compounds obtained from trop are significantly stronger reductants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefan Kradolfer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Detlev Ostendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Subal Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
We present a computational study on tetrapnictide dianions Pn42– (Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi), using density functional theory (DFT), coupled‐cluster [DLPNO‐CCSD(T)] and complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) methods. Environmental effects such as solvation and coordination of counterions are included. The calculations reveal that out of three isomers (square‐planar, butterfly and capped‐triangle), the square planar isomers are generally the most stable. The counterion (Li+ and Mg2+) used in the calculations have a substantial effect on the relative stabilities. The square planar isomers show considerable biradical character. Calculated reactions toward alkenes indicate that this unusual electronic structure has significant implications on the reactivity of the Pn42– dianions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany.,Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry ETH Zurich 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|