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Rahman MZ, Wang X, Cai W, Song L, Fei B, Hu Y. Sustainable lignosulfonate-modified PA6.6 fabrics to improve durable flame retardancy, hydrophilicity and mechanical performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135952. [PMID: 39322161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Creating durable flame retardancy, enhanced mechanical performance, and hydrophilic polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) textiles via cost-effectiveness from sustainable renewable sources is a considerable challenge. This study introduces a pretreatment process involving the application of sodium lignosulfonate (LS) to the surface of PA6.6 fabrics, thereby enhancing their hydrophilic and flame-retardant properties. Subsequently, a layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating treatment is employed, utilizing renewable polyelectrolytes-chitosan (CS), LS, and poly (sodium phosphate) (PSP)-to create 8-bilayer (BL) and 4-quarda layer (QL) structures that further improve the hydrophilicity and durable flame resistance of PA6.6 fabrics. The combined LS-modified and LbL coatings notably increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values from 19.5 % to 22.5 %, eliminated melt dripping, and secured a V-1 rating in the vertical burning (UL-94) tests. Moreover, the treated fabrics exhibited a 43 % reduction in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and a lower fire growth rate (FGR) of 0.84 W/g·s, with a significant increase in char yield% in both air and nitrogen (N2) atmospheres. A cross-linked network structure is responsible for the superior hydrophilicity, enhanced tensile strength, and fabric softening properties. The self-crosslinking of sulfur-containing radicals with amide units ensures an anti-dripping performance that can withstand up to 30 home laundering cycles, demonstrating remarkable washing durability. However, a convincing approach has been developed for sustainable and high-performance materials for the textile industry, and a simple LbL technique using renewable polyelectrolytes that have traditionally been utilized in water treatment and food processing has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China; School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bin Fei
- School of Fashion and Textiles, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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2
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Wang BH, Zhang LY, Song WM, Liu Y. Alkaline amino acid modification based on biological phytic acid for preparing flame-retardant and antibacterial cellulose-based fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134002. [PMID: 39032909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose-based fabrics have significant advantages, but their application scenarios are limited due to their flammability. This work used biomass phytic acid and protein decomposition products, alkaline amino acids (arginine, lysine, histidine) to prepare alkaline amino acid flame retardants (PALA, PALL, PALH), and they were utilized to endow Lyocell fabrics with flame-retardant and antibacterial properties. When the weight gain was about 16.0 wt%, PALA exhibited better flame-retardant effect, and the limited oxygen index value of PALA-Lyocell reached 47.1 %. In the cone calorimetry test, PALA showed the best flame-retardant efficiency in reducing flame growth index with a 92.0 % decrease in peak heat release rate. The results of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and char residues indicated that the flame-retardant property of alkaline amino acid flame retardants was formed through the combined action of gas and condensed phases. In the antibacterial test, PALA had the highest antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus at 97.2 %. Mechanical property, handle feeling, and whiteness results had indicated that alkaline amino acid based flame retardants had little effect on the physical properties of Lyocell fabrics. This work confirms alkaline amino acid based flame retardants have functions of flame-retardant and antibacterial properties, providing reference for the practical value of biomass in cellulose-based fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Yao A, Fu L, Xie S, Zhang Y, Xu P, Feng Y, Shi Y. Construction of Fire Safe Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hierarchical Composites with Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Molecules 2024; 29:3108. [PMID: 38999060 PMCID: PMC11243064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporating outstanding flame retardancy and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) into polymers is a pressing requirement for practical utilization. In this study, we first employed the principles of microencapsulation and electrostatic interaction-driven self-assembly to encapsulate polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecules and Ti3C2Tx nanosheets on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), forming a double-layer-encapsulated structure of ammonium polyphosphate (APP@PEI@Ti3C2Tx). Subsequently, flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were fabricated by melting the flame-retardant agent with TPU. Afterwards, by using air-assisted thermocompression technology, we combined a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film with flame-retardant TPU composites to fabricate hierarchical TPU/APP@PEI@Ti3C2Tx/rGO composites. We systematically studied the combustion behavior, flame retardancy, and smoke-suppression performance of these composite materials, as well as the flame-retardant mechanism of the expansion system. The results indicated a significant improvement in the interface interaction between APP@PEI@Ti3C2Tx and the TPU matrix. Compared to pure TPU, the TPU/10APP@PEI@1TC composite exhibited reductions of 84.1%, 43.2%, 62.4%, and 85.2% in peak heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke release, and total carbon dioxide yield, respectively. The averaged EMI SE of hierarchical TPU/5APP@PEI@1TC/rGO also reached 15.53 dB in the X-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ansheng Yao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Peihui Xu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
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Eid Z, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Deleterious effects of polypropylene released from paper cups on blood profile and liver tissue of Clarias gariepinus: bioremediation using Spirulina. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1380652. [PMID: 38846421 PMCID: PMC11155391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on microplastics, the biological impacts of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and its toxicity on freshwater fish have yet to be fully revealed. The purpose of this research was to look at the potentially harmful effects of PP-MPs in freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus and bioremediation using Spirulina. After acclimatization to laboratory conditions, 108 fish (125 ± 3 gm and 27 ± 2 cm) were assigned into triplicate six experimental groups (12 fish/group), a control group, Spirulina group (SP), PP-MP-treated groups (0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs), and PP-MP + Spirulina-treated groups (0.14 mg/l PP-MPs + 200 mg/L SP and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs +200 mg/L SP) for 15-day exposure and 45-day recovery after that. The hematological parameters exhibiting significance (RBCs, Hct, Hb, and MCV) or non-significance (MCH and MCHC) either decreased with the increase in PP-MP doses from 0.0 in the control to 0.28 mg/L red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb) and platelets or increased with such an increase in doses (mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). The liver enzyme activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exhibited non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) or significant (p < 0.05) increases in (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) PP-MP-exposed groups, respectively, except ALP. Furthermore, there was a significant (p < 0.05) or non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) increase in 0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MP +200 mg/L-exposure groups, respectively, compared to the control group and the same exposure group without Spirulina. In comparison to the control group, PP-MPs (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs. The liver tissue from fish exposed to PP-MPs exhibited varying degrees of pathological changes. These results indicated that these pathological changes increased with PP-MP concentration, suggesting that the effect of PP-MPs was dose-dependent. After 45 days of recovery under normal conditions, it was obvious that there was a significant improvement in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs, as well as a non-significant improvement in hemato-biochemical parameters and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Eid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research & Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Porfyris AD, Vafeiadis A, Gkountela CI, Politidis C, Messaritakis G, Orfanoudakis E, Pavlidou S, Korres DM, Kyritsis A, Vouyiouka SN. Flame-Retarded and Heat-Resistant PP Compounds for Halogen-Free Low-Smoke Cable Protection Pipes (HFLS Conduits). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1298. [PMID: 38732767 PMCID: PMC11085554 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Conduits are plastic tubes extensively used to safeguard electrical cables, traditionally made from PVC. Recent safety guidelines seek alternatives due to PVC's emission of thick smoke and toxic gases upon fire incidents. Polypropylene (PP) is emerging as a viable alternative but requires modification with suitable halogen-free additives to attain flame retardancy (FR) while maintaining high mechanical strength and weathering resistance, especially for outdoor applications. The objective of this study was to develop two FR systems for PP: one comprising a cyclic phosphonate ester and a monomeric N-alkoxy hindered amine adjuvant achieving V0, and another with hypophosphite and bromine moieties, along with a NOR-HAS adjuvant achieving V2. FR performance along with mechanical properties, physicochemical characterization, and dielectric behavior were evaluated prior to and after 2000 h of UV weathering or heat ageing. The developed FR systems set the basis for the production of industrial-scale masterbatches, from which further optimization to minimize FR content was performed via melt mixing with PP towards industrialization of a low-cost FR formulation. Accordingly, two types of corrugated conduits (ø20 mm) were manufactured. Their performance in terms of flame propagation, impact resistance, smoke density, and accelerated UV weathering stability classified them as Halogen Free Low Smoke (HFLS) conduits; meanwhile, they meet EU conduit standards without significantly impacting conduit properties or industrial processing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D. Porfyris
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.I.G.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Afxentis Vafeiadis
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.I.G.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Christina I. Gkountela
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.I.G.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Christos Politidis
- Dielectrics Group, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (C.P.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | - Silvia Pavlidou
- MIRTEC S.A., 76th km of Athens-Lamia National Road, 32009 Schimatari, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios M. Korres
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.I.G.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Dielectrics Group, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (C.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Stamatina N. Vouyiouka
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (C.I.G.); (D.M.K.)
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6
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Song X, Lv HB, Shi MM, Shao ZB, Wang YZ. Calcium gluconate-based flame retardant towards simultaneously high-efficiency fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130409. [PMID: 38417750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Flame retardants containing biomass receive growing interest in environmental friendliness and sustainability but usually face the low flame-retardant efficiency and deterioration on mechanical property of matrix. Herein, a calcium gluconate-based flame retardant (CG@APP) was chemically prepared using calcium gluconate (CG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via ion exchange reaction, and enabled the excellent fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin (EP). The resulted EP composites containing 6 wt% CG@APP (EP/CG@APP6) exhibited V-0 ratings in UL-94 test. Furthermore, with respect to EP/APP6, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and peak of smoke production rate (pSPR) of EP/CG@APP6 decreased by 70.5 % and 50.0 %, respectively. The well synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of CG@APP between gaseous and solid phases was revealed to generate denser and more continuous charring residuals, which could do well work on insulation for heat transfer and fuel diffusion. In addition, the shell rich in hydroxyl group and Ca2+ on the surface of CG@APP well enhanced the interface compatibility through the hydrogen bond and coordinated bond, thus the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of EP/CG@APP6 increased by 18.2 %, 4.5 % and 9.1 % compared with pure EP, respectively. This work provided a simple and sustainable way to construct excellent fire-safety composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Song
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong-Bin Lv
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Miao-Miao Shi
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Zhou H, Lu Y, Liang M, Jin Q, Yang Y, Tang Q, Diao S, Cheng Y, Liu K, Li J, Zhang G. A cationic, durable, P/N-containing starch-based flame retardant for cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129543. [PMID: 38246451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A cationic, durable flame retardant for cotton fabrics, 6-(2-(dimethoxy phosphoryl)-2-(trimethyl ammonium)) methoxy-2-methoxy-polysaccharide ammonium phosphate (DTPAP), was synthesized. Its structure was verified by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the FTIR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), DTPAP formed P(=O)-O-C bonds with cellulose molecules and firmly grafted to cotton fabrics, giving the fabric a high durability. DTPAP-25-treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test (VFT), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 43.9 %. After 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the DTPAP-25-treated fabrics had an LOI of 29.9 %, passed the VFT, and retained their flame retardancy. EDS data showed that, compared with engrafted cationic ammonium phosphate flame retardants, the DTPAP-treated fabrics contained fewer metal ions. Cone calorimetry data showed that DTPAP-25-treated fabrics did not display concentrated heat release. The results suggested that DTPAP exhibited a condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism, and the introduction of cations into the ammonium phosphate flame retardant reduced ion exchange, which improved the durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shuo Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kunling Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Liu K, Cheng Y, Li J, Ding D, Liu Y, Zhang G, Zhang F. Synthesis and evaluation of an eco-friendly and durable flame-retardant cotton fabrics based on a high-phosphorous-content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:688-697. [PMID: 36893535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fabrics are extremely flammable. Therefore, ammonium salt of dipentaerythritol hexaphosphoric acid (ADPHPA), a novel reactive phosphorus flame retardant without halogen and formaldehyde, was synthesized by solvent-free synthesis method. Surface chemical graft modification was chosen to introduce flame retardant, imparting its flame retardancy and washability. SEM indicated that ADPHPA entered the interior of cotton fiber, which was grafted with OH of control cotton fabrics (CCF) by forming POC covalent bonds to obtain treated cotton fabrics (TCF). There were no apparent differences in the fiber morphology and crystal structure after treatment according to SEM and XRD analysis. TG analysis demonstrated that the decomposition process of TCF was changed compared with CCF, while lower heat release rate and total heat release of TCF indicated its combustion efficiency was also reduced based on cone calorimetry test. Meanwhile, in the durability test, TCF had undergone 50 laundering cycles (LCs) in accordance with AATCC-61-2013 3A standard and had a short vertical combustion charcoal length, which were able to be regard as durable flame-retardant fabrics. The mechanical properties of TCF decreased to a degree, but did not affect the actual use of cotton fabrics. Taken as a whole, ADPHPA has research significance and development potential as a durable phosphorus-based flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunling Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunlan Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengxiu Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China.
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9
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Rahman MZ, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y. A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124252. [PMID: 36996951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising concerns about the toxic effects and environmental issues associated with various fireproof treatments on textiles have led to a demand for "green" materials. Chitosan (CS) is an amino polysaccharide green, recyclable, and non-toxic highly biocompatible biopolymer that consists of multiple hydroxyl groups and has a wide range of applications, including as a flame retardant additive. In this study, an eco-friendly bio-based formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing a higher level of phosphorus and nitrogen in phytic acid ammonia (PAA) was synthesized to amplify the most plentiful green chitosan (CS)-modified polyamide 66 (PA66) fabric surface through a simple pad-dry-cure technique for the improvement of durable flame retardancy with hydrophilicity. The findings revealed that each UV-grafted CS fabric could entirely stop the melt-dripping tendency during the vertical burning (UL-94) test and reached a V-1 rating. Meanwhile, limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing showed a rapid increase from 18.5 % to 24 % for the PA66 control and the PAA-treated (i.e., PA66-g-5CS-PAA) fabric samples, respectively. Moreover, compared to the PA66 control sample, a dramatic decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR), fire growth rate (FGR), and total heat release (THR) by approximately over 52 %, 0.63 %, and 19.7 %, respectively, was observed for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample. Additionally, this arrangement of PAA catalyzed the charring of grafted CS and acted as a condensed phase flame retardant, resulting in a significant improvement in char yield% in both air and N2 atmospheres for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample in TGA. In addition, only the lower grafting ratio of CS with PAA-treated fabric sample (i.e., PA66-g-2CS-PAA) could encourage it to gain its lowest water contact angle of 00, as well as impersonating a positive effect in improving the flame retardant coating durability in washing and sustaining even after 10 home laundering cycles. This phenomenon suggests that an actual hydrophilic and durable flame retardant finishing procedure for polyamide 66 fabrics might be applied with the novel, plentiful, sustainable, and environmentally friendly bio-based green PAA ingredient.
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10
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Shi Y, Yao A, Han J, Wang H, Feng Y, Fu L, Yang F, Song P. Architecting fire safe hierarchical polymer nanocomposite films with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding via interface engineering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:179-191. [PMID: 36848771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Integrating high flame retardancy and excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding into polymetric materials is extremely necessary, and well dispersing conductive fillers into polymeric materials is still a great challenge because of incompatible interfacial polarity between polymer matrix and conductive fillers. Therefore, under the premise of maintaining integral conductive films in the process of hot compression, constructing a novel EMI shielding polymer nanocomposites where conductive films closely adhere to polymer nanocmposites layers should be a fascinating stratety. In this work, salicylaldehyde-modified chitosan decorated titanium carbide nanohybrid (Ti3C2Tx-SCS) was combined with piperazine-modified ammonium polyphosphate (PA-APP) to fabricate thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites, which were used for construction of hierarchical nanocomposite films by inserting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films into TPU/PA-APP/Ti3C2Tx-SCS nanocomposite layers through our self-developed air assisted hot pressing technique. The total heat release, total smoke release and total carbon monoxide yield for TPU nanocomposite containing 4.0 wt% Ti3C2Tx-SCS nanohybrid were 58.0%, 58.4% and 75.8% lower than those of pristine TPU, respectively. Besides, the hierarchical TPU nanocomposite film containing 1.0 wt% Ti3C2Tx-SCS presented an averaged EMI shielding effectiveness of 21.3 dB in X band. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating fire safe and EMI shielding polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Ansheng Yao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Junqiang Han
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Hengrui Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4350, Australia.
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11
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A high durable polysaccharide flame retardant based on phosphorus element for cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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12
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Cytarabine and dexamethasone-PAMAM dendrimer di-conjugate sensitizes human acute myeloid leukemia cells to apoptotic cell death. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Tang W, Qian L, Prolongo SG, Wang DY. Small core of piperazine/silane aggregation initiate efficient charring flame retardant effect in polypropylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Hu KX, Zhao ZY, Lu P, He S, Deng C, Wang YZ. Caffeic Acid Decorated Ammonium Polyphosphate-Based Flame Retardant for Fire Safety and Anti-Aging of Wood Plastic Composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Wang W, Chen G, Wu S, Liu Y, Wang Q. Solvent‐free synthesis of phosphate‐containing imidazole fluid for flame retardant one‐component epoxy resin with long pot life, low curing temperature and fast curing rate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gang Chen
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Shulong Wu
- Polymer Research Center Baosheng Science and Technology Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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16
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Li Z, Cao XM, Jiang LY, Wei P, Zhang J, Wang DY. Interface-charring catalysis enables fire-safe and mechanically reinforced epoxy via facile interfacial aggregation induction. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Yan WJ, Xu S, Tian XY, Min JJ, Liu SC, Ding CJ, Wang NL, Hu Y, Fan QX, Li JS, Zeng HY. Novel bio-based lignosulfonate and Ni(OH)2 nanosheets dual modified layered double hydroxide as an eco-friendly flame retardant for polypropylene. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Huang R, Gao C, Shi Y, Fu L, Feng Y, Shui W. Synergistic Function between Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardant and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes towards Fire Safe Polystyrene Composites with Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13434. [PMID: 36362219 PMCID: PMC9655451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a universal polymer material, polystyrene (PS) is widely applied in electrical devices and construction. Thus, it is necessary to improve the flame retardancy and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS material. In this work, PS/silicon-wrapped ammonium polyphosphate/Inorganic acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites (PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT, abbreviated as PAC) were prepared via methods of filtration-induced assembly and hot-pressing. Morphology and structure characterization demonstrated that SiAPP and aMWCNT had good dispersion in PS and excellent compatibility with the PS matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the addition of aMWCNT to PS improved its thermal stability and carbon-forming characteristics. The peak heat release rate, the peak carbon monoxide production rate, and the peak smoke production rate of the PAC10 composite decreased by 53.7%, 41.9%, and 45.5%, respectively, while its electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reached 12 dB. These enhancements were attributed to the reason that SiAPP and aMWCNT synergistically catalyzed the char generation and SiAPP produced free radical scavengers and numbers of incombustible gases, which could decrease the oxygen concentration and retard the combustion reaction. Therefore, the assembled PS/SiAPP/aMWCNT system provides a new pathway to improve the flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties of PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Huang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Caiqin Gao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Shui
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou 350116, China
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19
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Zhang C, Jiang Y, Li S, Huang Z, Zhan XQ, Ma N, Tsai FC. Recent trends of phosphorus-containing flame retardants modified polypropylene composites processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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21
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Zhang X, Hao X, Qiu S, Lu G, Liu W, Wang L, Wei Y, Chen B, Lan X, Zhao H. Efficient capture and release of carboxylated benzisothiazolinone from UiO-66-NH2 for antibacterial and antifouling applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Enhanced fire-proofing performance and crystallizability of bio-based poly(L-lactic acid): Dual functions of a Schiff base-containing synergistic flame retardant. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:305-324. [PMID: 36150571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a kind of important bio-macromolecule which can be prepared via fermentation of starch of maize and sweet potato. Flammability and extremely poor crystallizability limited its wide application. In this work, a novel Schiff base derivate (CP) was synthesized and, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergistic flame retardant and nucleating agent to investigate its effects on LOI, UL-94 rating, thermal stability, combustion behavior and crystallizability of PLA. With loading of 5%CP/10%APP, PLA showed a significantly enhanced LOI and passed V-0 fire-safety rating with self-extinguish effect. PLA/5%CP/10%APP presented the lowest pHRR, THR and TSR, and highest char residue yield, FPI and FRI in cone calorimetry test, indicating an excellent flame retardancy effect, enhanced fire safety and longer escaping time in the fire. A continuous, compact and thick char layer structure formed as a protective barrier in combustion process, to enhance heat-insulating and oxygen resistance property, thermal stability and smoke-suppressing capacity of PLA. Flame retardancy mechanism was proposed and discussed based on comprehensive and in-depth characterization techniques. Also, 5%CP/10%APP presented a good nucleation effect to enormously increase crystallizability and shorten crystallization time of PLA.
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23
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Guo Y, Rong H, Yu Y, Chen T, Chen Z, Suo Y, Zhang Q, Li C, Jiang J. A facile method for synthesis of novel phenyl phosphates flame retardants and their application in epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Hu Rong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Yu
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tingting Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Yifan Suo
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Qingwu Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Changxin Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
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24
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Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene-Based Flame Retardant Composites by Surface Modification of Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173524. [PMID: 36080598 PMCID: PMC9460618 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A flame retardant refers to a substance that can be added to a material having the property of being efficiently combusted to improve the material physically and chemically. It should not affect the physical properties required for the final product. Halogen-based compounds are representative flame retardants with excellent flame retardancy. However, their use is limited due to restrictions on the use of chemicals introduced due to human safety. Magnesium hydroxide, one alternative material of halogen flame retardants, is widely used as an eco-friendly flame retardant. However, the most significant disadvantage is high load. To find a solution to this problem, many studies have been conducted by mixing magnesium hydroxide with other additives to create a synergistic effect. In this study, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based flame retardant composites as a function of mixing surface-modified magnesium hydroxide with phosphorus-based flame retardants were investigated. All materials including PP, additives, and flame retardants were mixed using an extrusion process. Specimens were prepared by an injection process of the compound made after mixing. As a result of the evaluation of the mechanical properties by the modified flame retardant, the relational expression of the mechanical performance degradation as a function of the amount of addition was obtained, and the tensile (CBATS) and bending strength (CBABS) were performed on the amount of flame retardant added. The relational expression obtained in this study is considered to be a formula for predicting the strength reduction according to the addition amount of the modified flame retardant and can be used in industry. In addition, it was found that the addition amount of the modified flame retardant had a greater effect on the lowering of the bending strength.
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25
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Sykam K, Donempudi S, Basak P. 1,2,
3‐Triazole
rich polymers for flame retardant application: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Pratyay Basak
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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26
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Li Y, Yang H, Ahmadi A, Omari A, Pu H. A thermal resistant and flame retardant separator reinforced by attapulgite for lithium-ion batteries via multilayer coextrusion. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Tian Y, Gong C, Zhou H, Jiang Z, Wang X, Tang L, Cao K. Halogen‐free intumescent flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the microcellular polypropylene with low expansion ratio via continuous extrusion assisted by subcritical
CO
2
. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Changjing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Ziyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Longcheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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28
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Zhu Z, Niu Y, Wang S, Su M, Long Y, Sun H, Liang W, Li A. Magnesium hydroxide coated hollow glass microspheres/chitosan composite aerogels with excellent thermal insulation and flame retardancy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:35-42. [PMID: 34974256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of an environmental-friendly thermal insulation and flame retardant material has attracted widespread attention in modern architecture. In this work, a kind of novel aerogel composites were prepared by incorporation of Mg(OH)2 coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) into chitosan (CSA) matrix and then cross-linking by glutaraldehyde (abbreviated as CSA-HGM-Mg(OH)2). The as-prepared composite aerogel exhibits vertical directional channel with high porosity and excellent thermal insulation with a low thermal conductivity of 0.035 W m-1 k-1. Besides, it shows excellent flame retardancy with a high limit oxygen index (LOI) value up to 50.8, which is one of the highest values among the most of flame retardants reported previously. Also, a very low peak heat release rate (pHRR) of 24.12 kW m-2 was obtained which makes the aerogel composite reaching UL-94 V-0 rating. Such results may be attributed to a synergy effect by combination of its abundantly porous structure derived from HGM to give a better thermal insulation and excellent nonflammability of CSA and Mg(OH)2 to offer a superior flame retardancy. Taking advantages of its high mechanical strength, low cost materials, simple and scalable preparation method, CSA-HGM-Mg(OH)2 aerogel composites may hold great potential for future thermal insulation and flame retardant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Zhu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Ye Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Min Su
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Yong Long
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Hanxue Sun
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Weidong Liang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - An Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Langongping Road 287, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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29
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Hong X, Zhang S, Tian Z, Qin S, Yang L, Liu D, Gu Z, Chen J. Preparation of Exfoliated Organo‐Montmorillonite and Its Effect on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Hong
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Shiqian Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Daijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Zhanyong Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering Shijiazhuang University, NO. 6 Changjiang Road Shijiazhuang 050035 P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization and Clean Processing of Phosphorus Resources Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University, NO. 24, South Section 1 First Ring Road Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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30
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Gu JT, Jiao K, Li J, Yan JF, Wang KY, Wang F, Liu Y, Tay FR, Chen JH, Niu LN. Polyphosphate-crosslinked collagen scaffolds for hemostasis and alveolar bone regeneration after tooth extraction. Bioact Mater 2021; 15:68-81. [PMID: 35386354 PMCID: PMC8940764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-extraction bleeding and alveolar bone resorption are the two frequently encountered complications after tooth extraction that result in poor healing and rehabilitation difficulties. The present study covalently bonded polyphosphate onto a collagen scaffold (P-CS) by crosslinking. The P-CS demonstrated improved hemostatic property in a healthy rat model and an anticoagulant-treated rat model. This improvement is attributed to the increase in hydrophilicity, increased thrombin generation, platelet activation and stimulation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. In addition, the P-CS promoted the in-situ bone regeneration and alveolar ridge preservation in a rat alveolar bone defect model. The promotion is attributed to enhanced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Osteogenesis was improved by both polyphosphate and blood clots. Taken together, P-CS possesses favorable hemostasis and alveolar ridge preservation capability. It may be used as an effective treatment option for post-extraction bleeding and alveolar bone loss. Statement of significance Collagen scaffold is commonly used for the treatment of post-extraction bleeding and alveolar bone loss after tooth extraction. However, its application is hampered by insufficient hemostatic and osteoinductive property. Crosslinking polyphosphate with collagen produces a modified collagen scaffold that possesses improved hemostatic performance and augmented bone regeneration potential. Polyphosphate-crosslinked collagen scaffold (P-CS) showed better hemostatic effect in healthy or anticoagulant-treated rats. The promoted bone regeneration ability of P-CS might also be related to the clot alteration caused by polyphosphate. P-CS has therapeutic potential in bleeding control and alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ting Gu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-fei Yan
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai-yan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-na Niu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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31
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Chen F, Wang J, Guo Z, Jiang F, Ouyang R, Ding P. Machine Learning and Structural Design to Optimize the Flame Retardancy of Polymer Nanocomposites with Graphene Oxide Hydrogen Bonded Zinc Hydroxystannate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:53425-53438. [PMID: 34482690 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing flame-retardant polymers with high performance is a long-standing challenge, partly because of the time-consuming traditional approaches based on experiential intuition and trial-and-error screenings. Inspired by the effective new paradigm of data-driven material discovery, we used machine learning to analyze experimental data to accelerate the development of new flame-retardant polymers. To explore the relationship between limit oxygen index (LOI) and components, we prepared 20 composites and then trained a simple equation for the LOI using the method sure independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO). The data analysis allows us for a better understanding of the flame-retardant mechanism and components, and the equation has good accuracy in guiding the design of composites with high flame-retardant performance. Meanwhile, the increasing structural design of flame retardants is crucial to flame-retardant polymer composites. We proposed a structure of nano graphene oxide (GO) wrapped micro zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) in a simple but effective way as a novel flame-retardant agent to enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. The GO sheets were like "light yarns" wrapped onto the ZHS via hydrogen bonding in an ethanol solution. The selected samples were analyzed to confirm the predictive LOI model. The resultant composites with the substitution of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) by 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 wt % ZHS@GO conferred better flame retardancy compared with PP composite containing only IFR, reflected by the efficient increase of LOI value and V0 rating of UL-94 vertical tests. The analysis principles and facile fabrication strategies proposed in this work could be important for developing highly flame retardant composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Runhai Ouyang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Peng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
- Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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32
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Abstract
We successfully prepared a highly effective flame-retardant additive called hsalbenzoguanamine phosphaphenanthrene (HDPD) through salicylaldehyde and nitrogen-rich benzoguanamine. The introduction of HDPD into epoxy resin (EP) sharply enhanced the flame retardancy of EP/HDPD thermosets. The introduction of 6 wt% HDPD into EP succeeded in reaching the V-0 rating. Limited oxygen index results revealed the high flame-retarding performance of HDPD. Cone calorimeter test data revealed that heat and smoke released from EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset were significantly restrained. In addition, EP/6 wt% HDPD thermoset demonstrated excellent transmittance and mechanical strength. The transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD was assessed from 520 to 800 nm. The results showed that transmittance of EP/6 wt% HDPD were nearly 90% of the control group.
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33
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Yan J, Xu P, Zhang P, Fan H. Surface-modified ammonium polyphosphate for flame-retardant and reinforced polyurethane composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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34
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Wang F, Liao J, Yan L, Liu H. Fabrication of Diaminodiphenylmethane Modified Ammonium Polyphosphate to Remarkably Reduce the Fire Hazard of Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193221. [PMID: 34641037 PMCID: PMC8512137 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) modified ammonium polyphosphate (APP) flame retardant, DDP, was successfully synthesized via ion-exchange reaction. DDP was introduced into epoxy resins (EPs) to reduce flammability. A comparable level of DDP exerts better flame-retardant and smoke suppression efficiencies in EP than APP. An EP blend containing 15 wt% DDP displays a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 37.1% and a UL 94 V-0 rating, and further exhibits a 32.3% reduction in total heat release and a 48.0% reduction in total smoke production compared with pure EP. The presence of DDP greatly facilitates char formation during combustion, and the char mass from thermal decomposition of an EP blend is 37.8% smaller than that of an EP blend containing 15 wt% DDP at 800 °C. The incorporation of DDP into EP blends has a smaller impact on the glass transition temperature and tensile strength than those of a comparable level of APP. This reflects the better compatibility of DDP with the EP matrix compared with that for APP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long Yan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-6365-0767
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35
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Gu J, Yan X, Li J, Qian Y, Zhu C, Qi D. Durable flame-retardant behavior of cotton textile with a water-based ammonium vinyl phosphonate. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Facile synthesis of phytic acid and aluminum hydroxide chelate-mediated hybrid complex toward fire safety of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Liao Y, Chen Y, Wan C, Zhang G, Zhang F. An eco-friendly NP flame retardant for durable flame-retardant treatment of cotton fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:251-261. [PMID: 34314792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A halogen-free, formaldehyde-free, efficient, durable, NP flame retardant, the ammonium salt of meglumine phosphoric ester acid (ASMPEA), was prepared. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR) results indicated that ASMPEA was grafted onto cotton fibers by P-O-C covalent bonds. The LOI value of 30 wt% ASMPEA-treated cotton fabric was 40.2%, and after 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the LOI value decreased to 29.4%, indicating that the cotton fibers treated with ASMPEA were endowed with excellent durable flame retardancy. Thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimetry, and vertical flammability test results showed that ASMPEA-treated cotton decomposed into phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid during combustion, which promoted the thermal degradation and charring of treated cotton fabrics and hindered the spread of flames. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) verified that ASMPEA infiltrated the cotton fiber without obviously affecting its surface morphology or crystal structure; however, the mechanical properties of the treated cotton fabric decreased slightly. These results confirm that ASMPEA achieved excellent durable flame retardancy when used to coat cotton fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caiyan Wan
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fengxiu Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Chongqing 400715, China.
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38
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Yang S, Zhang B, Liu M, Yang Y, Liu X, Chen D, Wang B, Tang G, Liu X. Fire performance of piperazine phytate modified rigid polyurethane foam composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Mengru Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yadong Yang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Depeng Chen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
- Nanjing Gongda Kaiyuan Environmental Protection Technology (Chuzhou) Co., Ltd. Chuzhou China
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39
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Gao C, Shi Y, Zhu S, Fu L, Feng Y, Lv Y, Yang F, Liu M, Shui W. Induced assembly of polystyrene composites for simultaneously improving flame retardant and electromagnetic shielding properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Gao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Shicheng Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Libi Fu
- College of Civil Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuezhan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Minghua Liu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Wei Shui
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
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40
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Huang Z, Wang Z. Synthesis of a bio‐based piperazine phytate flame retardant for epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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41
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Shen H, Wu W, Wang Z, Wu W, Yuan Y, Feng Y. Effect of modified layered double hydroxide on the flammability of intumescent flame retardant
PP
nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Sino‐German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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42
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Porfyris AD, Vouyiouka SN, Luyt AS, Korres DM, Malik SS, Gasmi S, Grosshauser M, Pfaendner R, Papaspyrides CD. Development of value‐added polyethylene grades with extended service lifetime: Weathering resistant flame retarded materials for outdoor applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios D. Porfyris
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stamatina N. Vouyiouka
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios M. Korres
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Sarah S. Malik
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Soumia Gasmi
- Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Michael Grosshauser
- Plastics Division Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Plastics Division Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF Darmstadt Germany
| | - Constantine D. Papaspyrides
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
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43
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Synthesis of a novel macromolecular carbon-nitrogen-phosphorous intumescent flame retardant. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Xu YJ, Qu LY, Liu Y, Zhu P. An overview of alginates as flame-retardant materials: Pyrolysis behaviors, flame retardancy, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Liu W, Pan YT, Zhang J, Zhang L, Moya JS, Cabal B, Wang DY. Low-melting phosphate glasses as flame-retardant synergists to epoxy: Barrier effects vs flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Promotion of the flame retardancy of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide grafted natural rubber using expandable graphite. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Pan Y, Luo Z, Wang B. Synergistic flame retardant effect of piperazine salt and ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardant system for polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Zhonglin Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
| | - Biaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou China
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48
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Wang X, Wang W, Wang S, Yang Y, Li H, Sun J, Gu X, Zhang S. Self-intumescent polyelectrolyte for flame retardant poly (lactic acid) nonwovens. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021; 282:124497. [PMID: 33024356 PMCID: PMC7529633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for eco-friendly poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nonwovens grows at a high rate in the past several decades, however, only a little attention has been received for flame retardant PLA nonwoven fabrics. In this work, a novel halogen-free self-intumescent polyelectrolyte tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane polyphosphate (APTris) was synthesized by reacting ammonium polyphosphate with tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, and was then used to improve the fire resistance of PLA nonwovens via a dip-nip process. The flammability characterization indicated the limiting oxygen index value was increased to 30.0% from 18.3%, and the damaged area in the vertical burning test was reduced by about 87.0% by the presence of APTris. The cone calorimeter test results revealed that the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the treated sample were decreased by 41.0% and 28.2% respectively compared with that of the control PLA nonwoven sample. The char residue was increased to 12.3 from 1.7 wt % at 800 °C. It is suggested that the dense char barrier formed at the presence of APTris prevents heat, smoke, and gas transfer, and hence enhance thermal dilatability and flame retardancy of PLA nonwovens. This simple sustainable halogen-free treatment has great potential to produce cleaner commercialized flame-retardant PLA nonwovens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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49
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Zhao C, Luo Z, Kong D, Peng H, Li D, Esmaeili N. Excellent role of
Cu
2
O
on fire safety of epoxy resin with ammonium polyphosphate based on the construction of self‐intumescent flame retardant system. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Shou Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Zhen‐Jun Luo
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - De‐Yan Kong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Hua‐qiao Peng
- The Second Research Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China Chengdu China
| | - De‐Fu Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu China
| | - Nima Esmaeili
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation University of Bolton Bolton UK
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50
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High‐efficiency
ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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