1
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Wellauer J, Ziereisen F, Sinha N, Prescimone A, Velić A, Meyer F, Wenger OS. Iron(III) Carbene Complexes with Tunable Excited State Energies for Photoredox and Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146. [PMID: 38598280 PMCID: PMC11046485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Substituting precious elements in luminophores and photocatalysts by abundant first-row transition metals remains a significant challenge, and iron continues to be particularly attractive owing to its high natural abundance and low cost. Most iron complexes known to date face severe limitations due to undesirably efficient deactivation of luminescent and photoredox-active excited states. Two new iron(III) complexes with structurally simple chelate ligands enable straightforward tuning of ground and excited state properties, contrasting recent examples, in which chemical modification had a minor impact. Crude samples feature two luminescence bands strongly reminiscent of a recent iron(III) complex, in which this observation was attributed to dual luminescence, but in our case, there is clear-cut evidence that the higher-energy luminescence stems from an impurity and only the red photoluminescence from a doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state is genuine. Photoinduced oxidative and reductive electron transfer reactions with methyl viologen and 10-methylphenothiazine occur with nearly diffusion-limited kinetics. Photocatalytic reactions not previously reported for this compound class, in particular the C-H arylation of diazonium salts and the aerobic hydroxylation of boronic acids, were achieved with low-energy red light excitation. Doublet-triplet energy transfer (DTET) from the luminescent 2LMCT state to an anthracene annihilator permits the proof of principle for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion based on a molecular iron photosensitizer. These findings are relevant for the development of iron complexes featuring photophysical and photochemical properties competitive with noble-metal-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Wellauer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Ziereisen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Narayan Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ajdin Velić
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- University
of Göttingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Ryland ES, Liu X, Kumar G, Raj SL, Xie ZL, Mengele AK, Fauth SS, Siewerth K, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Rau S, Mulfort KL, Li X, Cordones AA. Site-specific electronic structure of covalently linked bimetallic dyads from nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084307. [PMID: 38415835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0192809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) survey is presented for tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2‴,3‴-j]phenazine (tpphz)-bridged bimetallic assemblies that couple chromophore and catalyst transition metal complexes for light driven catalysis, as well as their individual molecular constituents. We demonstrate the high N site sensitivity of the N pre-edge XANES features, which are energetically well-separated for the phenazine bridge N atoms and for the individual metal-bound N atoms of the inner coordination sphere ligands. By comparison with the time-dependent density functional theory calculated spectra, we determine the origins of these distinguishable spectral features. We find that metal coordination generates large shifts toward higher energy for the metal-bound N atoms, with increasing shift for 3d < 4d < 5d metal bonding. This is attributed to increasing ligand-to-metal σ donation that increases the effective charge of the bound N atoms and stabilizes the N 1s core electrons. In contrast, the phenazine bridge N pre-edge peak is found at a lower energy due to stabilization of the low energy electron accepting orbital localized on the phenazine motif. While no sensitivity to ground state electronic coupling between the individual molecular subunits was observed, the spectra are sensitive to structural distortions of the tpphz bridge. These results demonstrate N K-edge XANES as a local probe of electronic structure in large bridging ligand motifs, able to distinctly investigate the ligand-centered orbitals involved in metal-to-ligand and ligand-to-ligand electron transfer following light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Ryland
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sumana L Raj
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhu-Lin Xie
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven S Fauth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kevin Siewerth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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3
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Sinha N, Wegeberg C, Häussinger D, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Photoredox-active Cr(0) luminophores featuring photophysical properties competitive with Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1730-1736. [PMID: 37580444 PMCID: PMC10695827 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes of precious metals with the d6 valence electron configuration such as Ru(II), Os(II) and Ir(III) are used for lighting applications, solar energy conversion and photocatalysis. Until now, d6 complexes made from abundant first-row transition metals with competitive photophysical and photochemical properties have been elusive. While previous research efforts focused mostly on Fe(II), we disclose that isoelectronic Cr(0) gives access to higher photoluminescence quantum yields and excited-state lifetimes when compared with any other first-row d6 metal complex reported so far. The luminescence behaviour of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states of these Cr(0) complexes is competitive with Os(II) polypyridines. With these Cr(0) complexes, the metal-to-ligand charge transfer states of first-row d6 metal complexes become exploitable in photoredox catalysis, and benchmark chemical reductions proceed efficiently under low-energy red illumination. Here we demonstrate that appropriate molecular design strategies open up new perspectives for photophysics and photochemistry with abundant first-row d6 metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Song LC, Wang YP, Dong YX, Yang XY. Functionalized nickel(II)-iron(II) dithiolates as biomimetic models of [NiFe]-H 2ases. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3755-3768. [PMID: 36857705 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00039g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
To develop the structural and functional modeling chemistry of [NiFe]-H2ases, a series of new biomimetics for the active site of [NiFe]-H2ases have been prepared by various synthetic methods. Treatment of the mononuclear Ni complex (pnp)NiCl2 (pnp = (Ph2PCH2)2NPh) with (dppv)Fe(CO)2(pdt) (dppv = 1,2-(Ph2P)2C2H2, pdt = 1,3-propanedithiolate) and KPF6 gave the dicarbonyl complex [(pnp)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)2(dppv)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2). Further treatment of [1](PF6)2 and [(dppe)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)2(dppv)](BF4)2 (dppe = 1,2-(Ph2P)2C2H4) with the decarbonylation agent Me3NO and pyridine afforded the novel sp3 C-Fe bond-containing complexes [(pnp)Ni(SCH2CH2CHS)Fe(CO)(dppv)]PF6 ([2]PF6) and [(dppe)Ni(SCH2CH2CHS)Fe(CO)(dppv)]BF4 ([3]BF4). More interestingly, the first t-carboxylato complexes [(pnp)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)(t-O2CR)(dppv)]PF6 ([4]PF6, R = H; [5]PF6, R = Me; [6]PF6, R = Ph) could be prepared by reactions of [1]PF6 with the corresponding carboxylic acids RCO2H in the presence of Me3NO, whereas further reactions of [4]PF6-[6]PF6 with aqueous HPF6 and 1.5 MPa H2 gave rise to the μ-hydride complex [(pnp)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)(μ-H)(dppv)]PF6 ([7]PF6). Except for H2 activation by t-carboxylato complexes [4]PF6-[6]PF6 to give a μ-hydride complex ([7]PF6), the sp3 C-Fe bond-containing complex [2]PF6 was found to be a catalyst for proton reduction to H2 under CV conditions. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of the μ-hydride complex [7]PF6 displayed in the e- transfer reaction with FcPF6 in the presence of CO, the H2 evolution reaction with the protonic acid HCl, and the H- transfer reaction with N-methylacridinium hexafluorophosphate ([NMA]PF6) was systematically studied. As a result, a series of the expected products such as H2, ferrocene, the dicarbonyl complex [1](PF6)2, the μ-chloro complex [(pnp)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)(μ-Cl)(dppv)]PF6 ([8]PF6), the t-MeCN-coordinated complex [(pnp)Ni(pdt)Fe(CO)(t-MeCN)(dppv)](PF6)2 ([9](PF6)2) and the H- transfer product AcrH2 were produced. While all the newly prepared model complexes were structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods, the molecular structures of some of their representatives were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Song
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yin-Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yi-Xiong Dong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xi-Yue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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5
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Salamatian AA, Bren KL. Bioinspired and biomolecular catalysts for energy conversion and storage. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:174-190. [PMID: 36331366 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are remarkable for facilitating challenging redox transformations with high efficiency and selectivity. In the area of alternative energy, scientists aim to capture these properties in bioinspired and engineered biomolecular catalysts for the efficient and fast production of fuels from low-energy feedstocks such as water and carbon dioxide. In this short review, efforts to mimic biological catalysts for proton reduction and carbon dioxide reduction are highlighted. Two important recurring themes are the importance of the microenvironment of the catalyst active site and the key role of proton delivery to the active site in achieving desired reactivity. Perspectives on ongoing and future challenges are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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6
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Chih YR, Lin YT, Yin CW, Chen YJ. High Intrinsic Phosphorescence Efficiency and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ru(II)-Bipyridine Complexes with π-Aromatic-Rich Cyclometalated Ligands: Attributions of Spin-Orbit Coupling Perturbation and Efficient Configurational Mixing of Singlet Excited States. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48583-48599. [PMID: 36591186 PMCID: PMC9798779 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of π-aromatic-rich cyclometalated ruthenium(II)-(2,2'-bipyridine) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+) in which πAr-CM is diphenylpyrazine or 1-phenylisoquinoline were prepared. The [Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+ complexes had remarkably high phosphorescence rate constants, k RAD(p), and the intrinsic phosphorescence efficiencies (ιem(p) = k RAD(p)/(νem(p))3) of these complexes were found to be twice the magnitudes of simply constructed cyclometalated ruthenium(II) complexes ([Ru(bpy)2(sc-CM)]+), where νem(p) is the phosphorescence frequency and sc-CM is 2-phenylpyridine, benzo[h]quinoline, or 2-phenylpyrimidine. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling of the [Ru(bpy)2(CM)]+ complexes indicated numerous singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfers for 1MLCT-(Ru-bpy) and 1MLCT-(Ru-CM), excited states in the low-energy absorption band and 1ππ*-(aromatic ligand) (1ππ*-LAr) excited states in the high-energy band. DFT modeling of these complexes also indicated phosphorescence-emitting state (Te) configurations with primary MLCT-(Ru-bpy) characteristics. The variation in ιem(p) for the spin-forbidden Te (3MLCT-(Ru-bpy)) excited state of the complex system that was examined in this study can be understood through the spin-orbit coupling (SOC)-mediated sum of intensity stealing (∑SOCM-IS) contribution from the primary intensity of the low-energy 1MLCT states and second-order intensity perturbation from the significant configuration between the low-energy 1MLCT and high-energy intense 1ππ*-LAr states. In addition, the observation of unusually high ιem(p) magnitudes for these [Ru(bpy)2(πAr-CM)]+ complexes can be attributed to the values for both intensity factors in the ∑SOCM-IS formalism being individually greater than those for [Ru(bpy)2(sc-CM)]+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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7
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Kondo M, Masaoka S. Function-Integrated Catalytic Systems for Small-Molecule Conversion: Advances and Perspectives. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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8
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Kübler J, Pfund B, Wenger OS. Zinc(II) Complexes with Triplet Charge-Transfer Excited States Enabling Energy-Transfer Catalysis, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, and Upconversion. JACS AU 2022; 2:2367-2380. [PMID: 36311829 PMCID: PMC9597861 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Many CuI complexes have luminescent triplet charge-transfer excited states with diverse applications in photophysics and photochemistry, but for isoelectronic ZnII compounds, this behavior is much less common, and they typically only show ligand-based fluorescence from singlet π-π* states. We report two closely related tetrahedral ZnII compounds, in which intersystem crossing occurs with appreciable quantum yields and leads to the population of triplet excited states with intraligand charge-transfer (ILCT) character. In addition to showing fluorescence from their initially excited 1ILCT states, these new compounds therefore undergo triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) from their 3ILCT states and consequently can act as sensitizers for photo-isomerization reactions and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion from the blue to the ultraviolet spectral range. The photoactive 3ILCT state furthermore facilitates photoinduced electron transfer. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mononuclear ZnII compounds with photophysical and photochemical properties reminiscent of well-known CuI complexes are accessible with suitable ligands and that they are potentially amenable to many different applications. Our insights seem relevant in the greater context of obtaining photoactive compounds based on abundant transition metals, complementing well-known precious-metal-based luminophores and photosensitizers.
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9
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Fei J, Li J. Advance in ATP-involved Active Self-assembled Systems. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Yoneda Y, Noji T, Mizutani N, Kato D, Kondo M, Miyasaka H, Nagasawa Y, Dewa T. Energy transfer dynamics and the mechanism of biohybrid photosynthetic antenna complexes chemically linked with artificial chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24714-24726. [PMID: 36128743 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A light-harvesting strategy is crucial for the utilisation of solar energy. In this study, we addressed the expanding light-harvesting (LH) wavelength of photosynthetic LH complex 2 (LH2, from Rhodoblastus acidophilus strain 10050) through covalent conjugation with extrinsic chromophores. To further understand the conjugation architecture and mechanism of excitation energy transfer (EET), we examined the effects of the linker length and spectral overlap integral between the emission and absorption spectra of the energy donor and acceptor pigments. In the former case, contrary to the intuition based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory, the observed energy transfer rate was similar regardless of the linker length, and the energy transfer efficiency increased with longer linkers. In the latter case, despite the energy transfer rate increases at higher spectral overlaps, it was quantitatively inconsistent with the FRET theory. The mechanism of EET beyond the FRET theory was discussed in terms of the higher-lying exciton state of B850, which mediates efficient EET despite the small spectral overlap. This systematic investigation provides insights for the development of efficient artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoneda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.,Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Naoto Mizutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Daiji Kato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Kondo
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nagasawa
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Takehisa Dewa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan.
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11
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Bürgin TH, Glaser F, Wenger OS. Shedding Light on the Oxidizing Properties of Spin-Flip Excited States in a Cr III Polypyridine Complex and Their Use in Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14181-14194. [PMID: 35913126 PMCID: PMC9376921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The photoredox activity of well-known RuII complexes
stems from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states,
in which a ligand-based electron can initiate chemical reductions
and a metal-centered hole can trigger oxidations. CrIII polypyridines show similar photoredox properties, although they
have fundamentally different electronic structures. Their photoactive
excited state is of spin-flip nature, differing from the electronic
ground state merely by a change of one electron spin, but with otherwise
identical d-orbital occupancy. We find that the driving-force dependence
for photoinduced electron transfer from 10 different donors to a spin-flip
excited state of a CrIII complex is very similar to that
for a RuII polypyridine, and thereby validate the concept
of estimating the redox potential of d3 spin-flip excited
states in analogous manner as for the MLCT states of d6 compounds. Building on this insight, we use our CrIII complex for photocatalytic reactions not previously explored with
this compound class, including the aerobic bromination of methoxyaryls,
oxygenation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene, aerobic hydroxylation
of arylboronic acids, and the vinylation of N-phenyl
pyrrolidine. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental
photochemical properties of first-row transition-metal complexes in
comparison to well-explored precious-metal-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias H Bürgin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Wang C, Wei W, Zhang YT, Dai X, Ni BJ. Different sizes of polystyrene microplastics induced distinct microbial responses of anaerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118607. [PMID: 35623145 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations confirmed the inhibitory effect of microplastics with single sizes on the anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment system. However, the differences of toxicity from different sizes of microplastics toward AGS and their underlying mechanism are still unclear. In this work, the responds of AGS exposed to different particle sizes of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) were reported. The results showed that the increasing particle sizes (from 0.5 μm to 150 μm) of PS-MPs induced a gradually increasing and distinct inhibitory (from 6.7% to 16.2%) effect on the cumulative methane production by AGS, accompanied by the similar decreasing organic carbon degradation trends. Correspondingly, the integrity and the cell viability of the AGS granules were damaged and the populations of the key acidogens and methanogens were reduced when exposed to PS-MPs, which was particularly evident in the reactors affected by the larger micron-sized PS-MPs. The zeta potential and contact angle indicated that the larger-sized PS-MPs had the stronger dispersive properties and affinity for AGS, causing the higher oxidative stress and leachates toxicity. Further investigation revealed that the tolerance of AGS to PS-MPs toxicity also exhibited size-dependent trend. Larger particles (e.g., 150 μm) of PS-MPs inhibited extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion, while smaller particles (e.g., 0.5 μm) promoted EPS generation with the release of more humic acid, alleviating their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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13
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Peterson BN, Alfieri ME, Hood DJ, Hettwer CD, Costantino DV, Tabor DP, Kidwell NM. Solvent-Mediated Charge Transfer Dynamics of a Model Brown Carbon Aerosol Chromophore: Photophysics of 1-Phenylpyrrole Induced by Water Solvation. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4313-4325. [PMID: 35776530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are known to be important light-absorbing chromophores in a newly discovered class of aerosols, commonly referred to as "brown carbon" (BrC) aerosols. Due to their significant absorption and spectral overlap with the solar actinic flux, these BrC chromophores steer the physical and optical properties of aerosols. To model the local aqueous solvation environment surrounding BrC chromophores, we generated cold molecular complexes with water and a prototypical BrC chromophore, 1-phenylpyrrole (1PhPy), using supersonic jet-cooling and explored their intermolecular interactions using single-conformation spectroscopy. Herein, we utilized resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) and UV holeburning (UV HB) double-resonance spectroscopies to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the role of water microsolvation in charge transfer upon photoexcitation of 1PhPy. Quantum chemical calculations and one-dimensional discrete variable representation simulations revealed insights into the charge transfer efficacy of 1PhPy with and without addition of a single water molecule. Taken together, our results indicate that the intermolecular interactions with water guide the geometry of 1PhPy to adopt a more twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) configuration, thus facilitating charge transfer from the pyrrole donor to the phenyl ring acceptor. Furthermore, the water network surrounding 1PhPy reports on the charge transfer such that the H2O solvent primarily interacts with the pyrrole ring donor in the ground state, whereas it preferentially interacts with the phenyl ring acceptor in the excited state. Large Franck-Condon activity is evident in the 1PhPy + 1H2O excitation spectrum for the water-migration vibronic bands, supporting H2O solvent reorganization upon excitation of the 1PhPy chromophore. Fluorescence measurements with increasing H2O % volume corroborated our gas-phase studies by indicating that a polar water solvation environment stabilizes the TICT configuration of 1PhPy in the excited electronic state, from which emission is observed at a lower energy compared to the locally excited configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Megan E Alfieri
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - David J Hood
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Christian D Hettwer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Daniel V Costantino
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Daniel P Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Nathanael M Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
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14
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Sittel S, Naumann R, Heinze K. Molecular Rubies in Photoredox Catalysis. Front Chem 2022; 10:887439. [PMID: 35464204 PMCID: PMC9021569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.887439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular ruby [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ and the tris(bipyridine) chromium(III) complex [Cr(dmcbpy) 3 ] 3+ as well as the tris(bipyrazine)ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(bpz) 3 ] 2+ were employed in the visible light-induced radical cation [4+2] cycloaddition (tpe = 1,1,1-tris(pyrid-2-yl)ethane, dmcbpy = 4,4'-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine), while [Cr(ddpd) 2 ] 3+ serves as a control system (ddpd = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine). Along with an updated mechanistic proposal for the CrIII driven catalytic cycle based on redox chemistry, Stern-Volmer analyses, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopic and nanosecond laser flash photolysis studies, we demonstrate that the very weakly absorbing photocatalyst [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ outcompetes [Cr(dmcbpy) 3 ] 3+ and even [Ru(bpz) 3 ] 2+ in particular at low catalyst loadings, which appears contradictory at first sight. The high photostability, the reversible redoxchemistry and the very long excited state lifetime account for the exceptional performance and even reusability of [Cr(tpe) 2 ] 3+ in this photoredox catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sittel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Pan Y, Wang J, Chen S, Yang W, Ding C, Waseem A, Jiang HL. Linker Engineering in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Dark Photocatalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6696-6703. [PMID: 35756526 PMCID: PMC9172530 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06785k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark reactions featuring continuous activity under light off conditions play a critical role in natural photosynthesis. However, most artificial photocatalysts are inactive upon the removal of the light source, and the artificial photocatalysts with dark photocatalysis abilities have been rarely explored. Herein, we report a Ti-based metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL-125, exhibiting the capability of dark photocatalytic hydrogen production. Remarkably, the introduction of different functional groups onto the linkers enables distinctly different activities of the resulting MOFs (MIL-125-X, X = NH2, NO2, Br). Dynamic and thermodynamic investigations indicate that the production and lifetime of the Ti3+ intermediate are the key factors, due to the electron-donating/-withdrawing effect of the functional groups. As far as we know, this is the first report on dark photocatalysis over MOFs, providing new insights into the storage of irradiation energy and demonstrating their great potential in dark photocatalysis due to the great MOF diversity. A Ti-based MOF with long-lived Ti3+ can achieve dark photocatalysis. The different groups on the organic linker modulate electron storage ability and the lifetime of Ti3+, significantly regulating dark photocatalytic activity in H2 production.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 P. R. China
| | - Weijie Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 I. R. Pakistan
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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16
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Rebolledo-Chávez JPF, Cruz-Ramírez M, Ramírez‐Palma DI, Ocampo-Hernández J, Mendoza A, Cortés-Guzmán F, Ortiz-Frade L. Electrochemical mechanism of CO2 reduction mediated by NiII(tpa) (tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) complexes: An integral view. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Torres A, Collado A, Gómez-Gallego M, Ramírez de Arellano C, Sierra MA. Electrocatalytic Behavior of Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and Extended Tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF) [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimics. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:23-33. [PMID: 36855407 PMCID: PMC9954209 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
TTF- and exTTF-containing [(μ-S2)Fe2(CO)6] complexes have been prepared by the photochemical reaction of TTF or exTTF and [(μ-S2)Fe2(CO)6]. These complexes are able to interact with PAHs. In the absence of air and in acid media an electrocatalytic dihydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurs, similarly to analogous [(μ-S2)Fe2(CO)6] complexes. However, in the presence of air, the TTF and exTTF organic moieties strongly influence the electrochemistry of these systems. The reported data may be valuable in the design of [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics able to combine the HER properties of the [FeFe] cores with the unique TTF properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Center
for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Collado
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Center
for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Center
for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez de Arellano
- Center
for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Center
for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain,Email for M.A.S.:
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18
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Herr P, Kerzig C, Larsen CB, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Manganese(I) complexes with metal-to-ligand charge transfer luminescence and photoreactivity. Nat Chem 2021; 13:956-962. [PMID: 34341527 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Precious metal complexes with the d6 valence electron configuration often exhibit luminescent metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, which form the basis for many applications in lighting, sensing, solar cells and synthetic photochemistry. Iron(II) has received much attention as a possible Earth-abundant alternative, but to date no iron(II) complex has been reported to show MLCT emission upon continuous-wave excitation. Manganese(I) has the same electron configuration as that of iron(II), but until now has typically been overlooked in the search for cheap MLCT luminophores. Here we report that isocyanide chelate ligands give access to air-stable manganese(I) complexes that exhibit MLCT luminescence in solution at room temperature. These compounds were successfully used as photosensitizers for energy- and electron-transfer reactions and were shown to promote the photoisomerization of trans-stilbene. The observable electron transfer photoreactivity occurred from the emissive MLCT state, whereas the triplet energy transfer photoreactivity originated from a ligand-centred 3π-π* state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Herr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Glaser F, Kerzig C, Wenger OS. Sensitization-initiated electron transfer via upconversion: mechanism and photocatalytic applications. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9922-9933. [PMID: 34349964 PMCID: PMC8317647 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02085d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitization-initiated electron transfer (SenI-ET) describes a recently discovered photoredox strategy that relies on two consecutive light absorption events, triggering a sequence of energy and electron transfer steps. The cumulative energy input from two visible photons gives access to thermodynamically demanding reactions, which would be unattainable by single excitation with visible light. For this reason, SenI-ET has become a very useful strategy in synthetic photochemistry, but the mechanism has been difficult to clarify due to its complexity. We demonstrate that SenI-ET can operate via sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, and we provide the first direct spectroscopic evidence for the catalytically active species. In our system comprised of fac-[Ir(ppy)3] as a light absorber, 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene as an annihilator, and N,N-dimethylaniline as a sacrificial reductant, all photochemical reaction steps proceed with remarkable rates and efficiencies, and this system is furthermore suitable for photocatalytic aryl dehalogenations, pinacol couplings and detosylation reactions. The insights presented here are relevant for the further rational development of photoredox processes based on multi-photon excitation, and they could have important implications in the greater contexts of synthetic photochemistry and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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20
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Schmid L, Kerzig C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Photostable Ruthenium(II) Isocyanoborato Luminophores and Their Use in Energy Transfer and Photoredox Catalysis. JACS AU 2021; 1:819-832. [PMID: 34467335 PMCID: PMC8395604 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes are among the most popular sensitizers in photocatalysis, but they face some severe limitations concerning accessible excited-state energies and photostability that could hamper future applications. In this study, the borylation of heteroleptic ruthenium(II) cyanide complexes with α-diimine ancillary ligands is identified as a useful concept to elevate the energies of photoactive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states and to obtain unusually photorobust compounds suitable for thermodynamically challenging energy transfer catalysis as well as oxidative and reductive photoredox catalysis. B(C6F5)3 groups attached to the CN - ligands stabilize the metal-based t2g-like orbitals by ∼0.8 eV, leading to high 3MLCT energies (up to 2.50 eV) that are more typical for cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. Through variation of their α-diimine ligands, nonradiative excited-state relaxation pathways involving higher-lying metal-centered states can be controlled, and their luminescence quantum yields and MLCT lifetimes can be optimized. These combined properties make the respective isocyanoborato complexes amenable to photochemical reactions for which common ruthenium(II)-based sensitizers are unsuited, due to a lack of sufficient triplet energy or excited-state redox power. Specifically, this includes photoisomerization reactions, sensitization of nickel-catalyzed cross-couplings, pinacol couplings, and oxidative decarboxylative C-C couplings. Our work is relevant in the greater context of tailoring photoactive coordination compounds to current challenges in synthetic photochemistry and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucius Schmid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Kondo M, Tatewaki H, Masaoka S. Design of molecular water oxidation catalysts with earth-abundant metal ions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6790-6831. [PMID: 33977932 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The four-electron oxidation of water (2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-) is considered the main bottleneck in artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is catalysed by a Mn4CaO5 cluster embedded in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Ruthenium-based complexes have been successful artificial molecular catalysts for mimicking this reaction. However, for practical and large-scale applications in the future, molecular catalysts that contain earth-abundant first-row transition metal ions are preferred owing to their high natural abundance, low risk of depletion, and low costs. In this review, the frontier of water oxidation reactions mediated by first-row transition metal complexes is described. Special attention is paid towards the design of molecular structures of the catalysts and their reaction mechanisms, and these factors are expected to serve as guiding principles for creating efficient and robust molecular catalysts for water oxidation using ubiquitous elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hayato Tatewaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Tasaki M, Okabe Y, Iwami H, Akatsuka C, Kosugi K, Negita K, Kusaka S, Matsuda R, Kondo M, Masaoka S. Modulation of Self-Assembly Enhances the Catalytic Activity of Iron Porphyrin for CO 2 Reduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006150. [PMID: 33690969 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous media is an important reaction to produce value-added carbon products in an environmentally and economically friendly manner. Various molecule-based catalytic systems for the reaction have been reported thus far. The key features of state-of-the-art catalytic systems in this field can be summarized as follows: 1) an iron-porphyrin-based scaffold as a catalytic center, 2) a dinuclear active center for the efficient activation of a CO2 molecule, and 3) a hydrophobic channel for the accumulation of CO2 . This article reports a novel approach to construct a catalytic system for CO2 reduction with the aforementioned three key substructures. The self-assembly of a newly designed iron-porphyrin complex bearing bulky substituents with noncovalent interaction ability forms a highly ordered crystalline solid with adjacent catalytically active sites and hydrophobic pores. The obtained crystalline solid serves as an electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction in aqueous media. Note that a relevant iron-porphyrin complex without bulky substituents cannot form a porous structure with adjacent active sites, and the catalytic performance of the crystals of this relevant iron-porphyrin complex is substantially lower than that of the newly developed catalytic system. The present study provides a novel strategy for constructing porous crystalline solids for small-molecule conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tasaki
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Yuki Okabe
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Hikaru Iwami
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chiharu Akatsuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Kosugi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Negita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sinpei Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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23
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Meyers A, Heilweil EJ, Stromberg CJ. Photodynamics of Asymmetric Di-Iron-Cyano Hydrogenases Examined by Time-Resolved Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1413-1423. [PMID: 33567824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two anionic asymmetric Fe-Fe hydrogenase model compounds containing a single cyano (CN) and five carboxyl (CO) ligands, [Et4N][Fe2(μ-S2C3H6)(CO)5(CN)1] and [Et4N][Fe2(μ-S2C2H4)(CO)5(CN)1], dissolved in room-temperature acetonitrile, are examined. The molecular asymmetry affects the redox potentials of the central iron atoms, thus changing the photophysics and possible catalytic properties of the compounds. Femtosecond ultraviolet excitation with mid-infrared probe spectroscopy of the model compounds was employed to better understand the ultrafast dynamics of the enzyme-active site. Continuous ultraviolet lamp excitation with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also used to explore stable product formation on the second timescale. For both model compounds, two timescales are observed; a 20-30 ps decay and the formation of a long-lived photoproduct. The picosecond decay is assigned to vibrational cooling and rotational dynamics, while the residual spectra remain for up to 300 ps, suggesting the formation of new photoproducts. Static FTIR spectroscopy yielded a different stable photoproduct than that observed on the ultrafast timescale. Density functional theory calculations simulated photoproducts for CO-loss and CN-loss isomers, and the resulting photoproduct spectra suggest that the picosecond transients arise from a complex mixture of isomerization after CO-loss, while dimerization and formation of a CN-containing Fe-CO-Fe bridged species are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Meyers
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Hood College, Frederick, Maryland 21701-8524, United States
| | - Edwin J Heilweil
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher J Stromberg
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Hood College, Frederick, Maryland 21701-8524, United States
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24
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Lu IC, Tsai CN, Lin YT, Hung SY, Chao VPS, Yin CW, Luo DW, Chen HY, Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Near-IR Charge-Transfer Emission at 77 K and Density Functional Theory Modeling of Ruthenium(II)-Dipyrrinato Chromophores: High Phosphorescence Efficiency of the Emitting State Related to Spin-Orbit Coupling Mediation of Intensity from Numerous Low-Energy Singlet Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:903-919. [PMID: 33470828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient charge-transfer (CT) phosphorescence in the near-IR (NIR) spectral region is reported for four substituted Ru-(R-dipyrrinato) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)](PF6), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and the substituent R is phenyl (ph), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl (HOOC-ph), or 4-pyridinyl. The experimentally determined phosphorescence efficiency, ιem(p) = kRAD(p)/(νem(p))3 (where kRAD(p) and νem(p) are the phosphorescence rate constant and the phosphorescence frequency, respectively), of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes was approximately double that of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes (Am = ammine ligand) in the NIR region. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling indicated two strikingly different electronic configurations of the triplet emitting state (Te) in the two types of complexes. The Te of [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes shows a CT-type corresponding to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-(Ru-(R-dipy)) and the ππ*-(R-dipy) moiety configurations, and the Te state in the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes corresponds to an approximately MLCT excited state consisting of mostly MLCT-(Ru-bpy) with a minimal ππ*(bpy) contribution. DFT modeling also indicated that the low-energy singlet excited states in the Te geometry (Sn(T)) of the [Ru(bpy)2(ph-dipy)]+ complex consist of numerous CT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-dipy and Ru-bpy moieties, whereas the [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ ions show quite simple MLCT-Sn(T)-type states of the Ru-bpy moiety. Based on experimental observations, DFT modeling, and the plain spin-orbit coupling (SOC) principle, we conclude that the remarkably high ιem(p) amplitudes of the [Ru(bpy)2(R-dipy)]+ complexes relative to those of [Ru(bpy)(Am)4]2+ complexes can be attributed to the relatively substantial contribution of intrinsic SOC-mediated intensity stealing from the numerous low-energy CT-type Sn(T) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia Nung Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shin-Yi Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Vincent P S Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Wei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dao-Wen Luo
- Instruments Center and Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Yin Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John F Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Lin S, Turro C. Dirhodium Complexes as Panchromatic Sensitizers, Electrocatalysts, and Photocatalysts. Chemistry 2021; 27:5379-5387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave. Columbus OH 43210 USA
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26
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Burke R, Bren KL, Krauss TD. Semiconductor nanocrystal photocatalysis for the production of solar fuels. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0032172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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27
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Xu L, Wang T, Liu X, Chen H, Wei C, Xu D, Chen F, Li Y, Luo S. The Heteroleptic Cu(I) Photosensitizer‐Containing 3,8‐Disubstituted Phenanthroline: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Xuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Tian‐Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Xue‐Fen Liu
- Qiangjiang College Hangzhou Normal University 310012 Hangzhou China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Chun‐Jiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Dan‐Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
| | - Shu‐Ping Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry‐Synthesis Technology Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou China
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28
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Kondo M, Masaoka S. Pentanuclear Scaffold: A Molecular Platform for Small-Molecule Conversions. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2140-2151. [PMID: 32870647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes enable the conversion of earth-abundant materials into valuable chemicals and are regarded as a solution for environmental and energy shortage problems. In this context, the development of artificial catalysts that promote these reactions is an important research target. In nature, metalloenzymes that contain multinuclear metal complexes as active sites are known to efficiently catalyze reactions under mild conditions. Therefore, using multinuclear metal complexes as artificial catalysts can be an attractive strategy for small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes. However, multinuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts for these reactions have not been well established. In this Account, we describe our recent advances in the development of multinuclear metal complexes as catalysts for small-molecule conversion, mainly focusing on water oxidation. As small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes consists of two essential processes, (1) the transfer of multiple electrons and (2) the formation/cleavage of covalent bond(s), catalysts for these reactions should facilitate both steps. Therefore, we assumed that the assembly of redox-active metal ions and the cooperative effect of neighboring coordinatively unsaturated metal ions can promote these processes. On the basis of this assumption, we employed a pentanuclear metal complex as a molecular scaffold for the catalyst. The scaffold has a pentanuclear structure with quasi-D3 symmetry and consists of a [M3(μ3-X)] core (X = O2- or OH-) wrapped by two [M(μ-bpp)3] units (Hbpp = 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazole). The metal ions in the triangular core are coordinatively unsaturated, whereas the metal ions at the apical positions are coordinatively saturated. In other words, the pentanuclear scaffold possesses multiple redox-active centers and coordinatively unsaturated sites. It should also be noted that the electron transfer ability of the complex changes dramatically depending on the identity of the constituent metal ions. The iron derivative of the pentanuclear scaffold was found to serve as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation (2H2O → O2 + 4e- + 4H+) with a high reaction rate and excellent robustness. The substitution of metal ions in the pentanuclear scaffold to cobalt ions resulted in the development of a catalyst for CO2 reduction. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of substituents on the ligands of the pentanuclear iron complex and succeeded in precisely manipulating the electron transfer possess. These results clearly demonstrate that the pentanuclear scaffold is an attractive platform for catalysts for small-molecule conversions. Additionally, the intrinsic features of the multinuclear catalytic system, which are totally different from those of conventional mononuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts, are disclosed. In reactions mediated by multinuclear complexes, the multinuclear core can initially accumulate the charge required for catalysis to reach the catalytically active state. Subsequently, the catalyst in the active state reacts with the substrate, initiating electron transfer to the substrate and rearrangement of covalent bonds in the substrate to afford the product. In such a mechanism, the desired number of electrons can be transferred to the substrates in an on-demand fashion, and the formation of undesired chemical species in the targeted catalysis may be prevented. This feature of multinuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts will achieve demanding small-molecule conversions with a high reaction rate, selectivity, and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Yang F, Wu Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Guo X, Li W, Wang J. Excited-state photophysical processes in a molecular system containing perylene bisimide and zinc porphyrin chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20891-20900. [PMID: 32915174 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02672g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Multichromophoric systems with efficient photoinduced excited-state processes are important for the conversion of solar energy in artificial photosynthesis. However, a low molecular absorption coefficient of these multichromophoric systems in the near-infrared region limits their power conversion efficiency in organic solar cells. It is critical to design molecules with a broad absorption range in the whole spectral region, to better harvest solar energy, and to reveal their important multiple-step photophysical processes for the design of organic solar cells. Here, we investigate a novel compound having three chromophores, namely two near-by N,N'-bis(1-pentyl)hexyl-3,4,9,10-perylenebiscarboximide (PDI) units linked to a zinc porphyrin core side by side (in the form of PDI-ZnPor-PDI), which absorbs solar energy ranging from the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared regions. The photophysical behavior of PDI-ZnPor-PDI in both film and solution forms, has been investigated using steady-state and transient spectroscopy measurements. Charge-transfer species and triplet excited-state species are observed, the excited-state evolutions of which are monitored using molecular vibrations as probes. These observations support the idea that PDI-ZnPor-PDI on photoexcitation generates the radical anion and triplet species of the PDI unit (PDI˙- and 3PDI*). Our results demonstrate the effect of solid film state on the photophysical properties in such multichromophoric system, and are valuable for guiding the design and utilization of novel near-infrared electron donors or acceptors for use in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yanzhou Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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30
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Wei W, Hao Q, Chen Z, Bao T, Ni BJ. Polystyrene nanoplastics reshape the anaerobic granular sludge for recovering methane from wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116041. [PMID: 32574821 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater has been identified as an important carrier for nanoplastics, which could elicit unintended impacts on critical microbial processes. However, the long-term impacts of nanoplastics on anaerobic granular sludge (AGS) for methane recovery from wastewater and the mechanisms involved remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the long term exposure-response relationship between polystyrene nanoplastics (Nano-PS) and AGS. In continuous test over 120 days with 86 days' Nano-PS exposure, feeding wastewater with 10 μg/L of Nano-PS had no significant impacts on the AGS performance. In comparison, higher levels (i.e., 20 and 50 μg/L) of Nano-PS decreased methane production and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by 19.0-28.6% and 19.3-30.0%, respectively, along with volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation. More extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was induced by 10 μg/L of Nano-PS as a response to protect microbes, but higher levels (i.e., 20 and 50 μg/L) of Nano-PS decreased EPS generation, causing a decline in granule size and cell viability. Fluorescence tagging found that a large number of Nano-PS agglomerated/accumulated on the outer layer of AGS and even transferred into deeper layers of AGS over exposure time, producing toxic effects to adherent microorganisms, e.g., Longilinea sp., Paludibacter sp. and Methanosaeta sp.. The oxidative stress induced by Nano-PS was revealed to be a key factor for reshaping the AGS, reflected by the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) leached from Nano-PS was also demonstrated to restrain the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby further lessening resistance to oxidative stress induced by Nano-PS. This work improves our ability to predict the risks associated with this ubiquitous contaminant in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Hao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Teng Bao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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31
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Rentschler M, Iglesias S, Schmid MA, Liu C, Tschierlei S, Frey W, Zhang X, Karnahl M, Moonshiram D. The Coordination Behaviour of Cu I Photosensitizers Bearing Multidentate Ligands Investigated by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:9527-9536. [PMID: 32162730 PMCID: PMC7496955 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A systematic series of four novel homo‐ and heteroleptic CuI photosensitizers based on tetradentate 1,10‐phenanthroline ligands of the type X^N^N^X containing two additional donor moieties in the 2,9‐position (X=SMe or OMe) were designed. Their solid‐state structures were assessed by X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry, UV‐vis absorption, emission and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy were then used to determine their electrochemical, photophysical and structural features in solution. Following, time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in the picosecond time scale, coupled with time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, provided in‐depth information on the excited state electron configurations. For the first time, a significant shortening of the Cu−X distance and a change in the coordination mode to a pentacoordinated geometry is shown in the excited states of the two homoleptic complexes. These findings are important with respect to a precise understanding of the excited state structures and a further stabilization of this type of photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rentschler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sirma Iglesias
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marie-Ann Schmid
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Nilsen-Moe A, Reinhardt CR, Glover SD, Liang L, Hammes-Schiffer S, Hammarström L, Tommos C. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Tyrosine in the Interior of a de novo Protein: Mechanisms and Primary Proton Acceptor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11550-11559. [PMID: 32479070 PMCID: PMC7315633 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Proton-coupled
electron transfer (PCET) from tyrosine produces
a neutral tyrosyl radical (Y•) that is vital to
many catalytic redox reactions. To better understand how the protein
environment influences the PCET properties of tyrosine, we have studied
the radical formation behavior of Y32 in the α3Y model protein. The previously solved α3Y solution NMR structure shows that Y32 is sequestered
∼7.7 ± 0.3 Å below the protein surface without any
primary proton acceptors nearby. Here we present transient absorption
kinetic data and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to resolve the
PCET mechanism associated with Y32 oxidation. Y32• was generated in a bimolecular reaction with
[Ru(bpy)3]3+ formed by flash photolysis. At
pH > 8, the rate constant of Y32• formation
(kPCET) increases by one order of magnitude
per pH unit, corresponding to a proton-first mechanism via tyrosinate
(PTET). At lower pH < 7.5, the pH dependence is weak and shows
a previously measured KIE ≈ 2.5, which best fits a concerted
mechanism. kPCET is independent of phosphate
buffer concentration at pH 6.5. This provides clear evidence that
phosphate buffer is not the primary proton acceptor. MD simulations
show that one to two water molecules can enter the hydrophobic cavity
of α3Y and hydrogen bond to Y32, as well
as the possibility of hydrogen-bonding interactions between Y32 and E13, through structural fluctuations that
reorient surrounding side chains. Our results illustrate how protein
conformational motions can influence the redox reactivity of a tyrosine
residue and how PCET mechanisms can be tuned by changing the pH even
when the PCET occurs within the interior of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Nilsen-Moe
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Clorice R Reinhardt
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Starla D Glover
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Li Liang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States
| | | | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Tommos
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States
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33
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Li SJ, Chang YB, Li M, Feng YX, Zhang W. Synergetic catalysis of a cobalt-based coordination polymer for selective visible-light driven CO 2-to-CO conversion. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17951-17954. [PMID: 35517216 PMCID: PMC9053592 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, based on the strategy of synergetic catalysis, we report a cobalt-based coordination polymer PEI6-Co. As a heterogeneous catalyst, PEI6-Co shows a selectivity of 95% and a yield of 1170 mmol g−1 for visible-light-driven CO2-to-CO conversion in a water containing system, which is almost 2.8 times that of the mononuclear cobalt catalyst CoL1 and is comparable to that of the dinuclear cobalt catalyst Co2L. Herein, based on the strategy of synergetic catalysis, we report a cobalt-based coordination polymer PEI6-Co for the visible-light-driven CO2-to-CO conversion in water containing system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Li
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Yong-Bin Chang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Ming Li
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - You-Xiang Feng
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 China
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34
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Feng W, Wang T, Testoff TT, Bridgmohan CN, Zhao C, Sun H, Hu W, Li W, Liu D, Wang L, Zhou X. Exploiting singlet excited state conformation for rational design of highly efficient photoinduced electron transfer molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:118016. [PMID: 31923789 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the pivotal role of excited state electronic structures as regulation of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, the effect of excited state conformation on PET remains elusive. Here we exploit distinguishable emission characters of trans and cis singlet excited states of donor-acceptor-donor ensemble MTPAAZO to reveal that its PET efficiency and rate are closely depended on its singlet excited state conformation. The PET process occurs solely in cis conformation of MTPAAZO singlet excited states. Novel molecule (MTPA)2Ab as-designed with similar structure of MTPAAZO cis singlet excited states shows high PET efficacy and rate, leading to long-lived CS states. Our findings enable the rational design of the novel molecules with highly efficient PET process suitable for charge separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Thomas T Testoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chelsea N Bridgmohan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Chuanwu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Haiya Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Dongzhi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Lichang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.
| | - Xueqin Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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35
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Photophysics and Photochemistry of Iron Carbene Complexes for Solar Energy Conversion and Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth-abundant first row transition metal complexes are important for the development of large-scale photocatalytic and solar energy conversion applications. Coordination compounds based on iron are especially interesting, as iron is the most common transition metal element in the Earth’s crust. Unfortunately, iron-polypyridyl and related traditional iron-based complexes generally suffer from poor excited state properties, including short excited-state lifetimes, that make them unsuitable for most light-driven applications. Iron carbene complexes have emerged in the last decade as a new class of coordination compounds with significantly improved photophysical and photochemical properties, that make them attractive candidates for a range of light-driven applications. Specific aspects of the photophysics and photochemistry of these iron carbenes discussed here include long-lived excited state lifetimes of charge transfer excited states, capabilities to act as photosensitizers in solar energy conversion applications like dye-sensitized solar cells, as well as recent demonstrations of promising progress towards driving photoredox and photocatalytic processes. Complementary advances towards photofunctional systems with both Fe(II) complexes featuring metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states, and Fe(III) complexes displaying ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited states are discussed. Finally, we outline emerging opportunities to utilize the improved photochemical properties of iron carbenes and related complexes for photovoltaic, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.
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36
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Gosset A, Wilbraham L, Lachmanová ŠN, Sokolová R, Dupeyre G, Tuyèras F, Ochsenbein P, Perruchot C, de Rouville HPJ, Randriamahazaka H, Pospíšil L, Ciofini I, Hromadová M, Lainé PP. Electron Storage System Based on a Two-Way Inversion of Redox Potentials. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5162-5176. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Gosset
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Liam Wilbraham
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Štěpánka Nováková Lachmanová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Sokolová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Grégory Dupeyre
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Tuyèras
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ochsenbein
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et Modélisation Moléculaire du Solide, Sanofi LGCR, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier Cedex 04 France
| | - Christian Perruchot
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Lubomír Pospíšil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo n.2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe P. Lainé
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013 Paris, France
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37
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Shi J, Guo Y, Xie F, Chen Q, Zhang M. Redox‐Active Ligand Assisted Catalytic Water Oxidation by a Ru
IV
=O Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yu‐Hua Guo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qi‐Fa Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ming‐Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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38
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Shi J, Guo YH, Xie F, Chen QF, Zhang MT. Redox-Active Ligand Assisted Catalytic Water Oxidation by a Ru IV =O Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4000-4008. [PMID: 31880387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Water splitting is one of the most promising solutions for storing solar energy in a chemical bond. Water oxidation is still the bottleneck step because of its inherent difficulty and the limited understanding of the O-O bond formation mechanism. Molecular catalysts provide a platform for understanding this process in depth and have received wide attention since the first Ru-based catalyst was reported in 1982. RuV =O is considered a key intermediate to initiate the O-O bond formation through either a water nucleophilic attack (WNA) pathway or a bimolecular coupling (I2M) pathway. Herein, we report a Ru-based catalyst that displays water oxidation reactivity with RuIV =(O) with the help of a redox-active ligand at pH 7.0. The results of electrochemical studies and DFT calculations disclose that ligand oxidation could significantly improve the reactivity of RuIV =O toward water oxidation. Under these conditions, sustained water oxidation catalysis occurs at reasonable rates with low overpotential (ca. 183 mV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu-Hua Guo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi-Fa Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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39
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Kaushik R, Sakla R, Amilan Jose D, Ghosh A. Giant iron polyoxometalate that works as a catalyst for water oxidation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05690d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polyoxometalate (POM) cluster [Mo72Fe30O252(CH3COO)12{Mo2O7(H2O)}2 {H2Mo2O8(H2O)} (H2O)91]. ca. 150 H2O (catalyst I) has been explored as a light-driven water oxidation catalyst. The catalyst is stable and could be reused/recycled several times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Kurukshetra
- India
| | - Rahul Sakla
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Kurukshetra
- India
| | - D. Amilan Jose
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Kurukshetra
- India
| | - Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology (NIT)
- Kurukshetra
- India
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40
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D'Amore L, Belpassi L, Klein JEMN, Swart M. Spin-resolved charge displacement analysis as an intuitive tool for the evaluation of cPCET and HAT scenarios. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12146-12149. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04995f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The spin-resolved version of the charge displacement function is introduced as an intuitive tool for differentiating between hydrogen-atom transfer and concerted proton-coupled electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D'Amore
- IQCC and Dept. Chem
- Universitat de Girona
- Campus Montilivi
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche del CNR (SCITEC-CNR) c/o Università degli Studi di Perugia
- Via Elce di Sotto 8
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
| | - Marcel Swart
- IQCC and Dept. Chem
- Universitat de Girona
- Campus Montilivi
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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41
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Hu GL, Hu R, Liu ZH, Wang K, Yan XY, Wang HY. Tri-functional molecular relay to fabricate size-controlled CoOx nanoparticles and WO3 photoanode for an efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction and element doping to couple light-harvesting semiconductors with catalytic materials have been widely employed for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lin Hu
- Key Laboratory for macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory for macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory for macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Scientific Research and Academic Office
- Air Force Logistics College
- Xuzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Yan
- Key Laboratory for macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory for macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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42
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Light-driven carbon-carbon bond formation via CO 2 reduction catalyzed by complexes of CdS nanorods and a 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:135-140. [PMID: 31852819 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903948116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox enzymes are capable of catalyzing a vast array of useful reactions, but they require redox partners that donate or accept electrons. Semiconductor nanocrystals provide a mechanism to convert absorbed photon energy into redox equivalents for enzyme catalysis. Here, we describe a system for photochemical carbon-carbon bond formation to make 2-oxoglutarate by coupling CO2 with a succinyl group. Photoexcited electrons from cadmium sulfide nanorods (CdS NRs) transfer to 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Magnetococcus marinus MC-1 (MmOGOR), which catalyzes a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction. We thereby decouple MmOGOR from its native role in the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle and drive it directly with light. We examine the dependence of 2-oxoglutarate formation on a variety of factors and, using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, elucidate the critical role of electron transfer (ET) from CdS NRs to MmOGOR. We find that the efficiency of this ET depends strongly on whether the succinyl CoA (SCoA) cosubstrate is bound at the MmOGOR active site. We hypothesize that the conformational changes due to SCoA binding impact the CdS NR-MmOGOR interaction in a manner that decreases ET efficiency compared to the enzyme with no cosubstrate bound. Our work reveals structural considerations for the nano-bio interfaces involved in light-driven enzyme catalysis and points to the competing factors of enzyme catalysis and ET efficiency that may arise when complex enzyme reactions are driven by artificial light absorbers.
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43
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Continuous artificial synthesis of glucose precursor using enzyme-immobilized microfluidic reactors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4049. [PMID: 31492867 PMCID: PMC6731257 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production in green crops is severely limited by low activity and poor specificity of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in natural photosynthesis (NPS). This work presents a scientific solution to overcome this problem by immobilizing RuBisCO into a microfluidic reactor, which demonstrates a continuous production of glucose precursor at 13.8 μmol g−1 RuBisCO min−1 from CO2 and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. Experiments show that the RuBisCO immobilization significantly enhances enzyme stabilities (7.2 folds in storage stability, 6.7 folds in thermal stability), and also improves the reusability (90.4% activity retained after 5 cycles of reuse and 78.5% after 10 cycles). This work mimics the NPS pathway with scalable microreactors for continuous synthesis of glucose precursor using very small amount of RuBisCO. Although still far from industrial production, this work demonstrates artificial synthesis of basic food materials by replicating the light-independent reactions of NPS, which may hold the key to food crisis relief and future space colonization. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is a difficult enzyme to work with. Here, the authors covalently immobilized it in a microfluidic reactor to enhance its storage/thermal stabilities and reusability, which enabled the continuous artificial synthesis of glucose precursor.
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44
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Guo L, Niu Y, Razzaque S, Tan B, Jin S. Design of D–A1–A2 Covalent Triazine Frameworks via Copolymerization for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yingli Niu
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Shangyuancun No. 3, 100044 Beijing, China
| | - Shumaila Razzaque
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Shangbin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074 Wuhan, China
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45
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Thornley W, Wirick SA, Riedel-Topper M, DeYonker NJ, Bitterwolf TE, Stromberg CJ, Heilweil EJ. Photodynamics of [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Model Compounds with Bidentate Heterocyclic Ligands. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7137-7148. [PMID: 31334657 PMCID: PMC6857538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two asymmetrically structured model compounds for the hydrogen-generating [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase active site were investigated to determine the ultrafast photodynamics, structural intermediates, and photoproducts compared to more common symmetric di-iron species. The bidentate-ligand-containing compounds studied were Fe2(μ-S2C3H6)(CO)4(bipy), 1, and Fe2(μ-S2C3H6)(CO)4(phen), 2, in dilute room temperature acetonitrile solution and low-temperature 2Me-THF matrix isolation using static FTIR difference and time-resolved infrared spectroscopic methods (TRIR). Ultraviolet-visible spectra were also compared to time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to ascertain the orbital origins of long wavelength electronic absorption features. The spectroscopic evidence supports the conclusions that only a propyl-bridge flip occurs in low-temperature matrix, while early time CO ejection leads to the formation of solvated isomeric species on the 25 ps time scale in room temperature solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Thornley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 2343, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, United States
| | - Sarah A. Wirick
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Ave., Frederick, MD 21701-8524, United States
| | - Maximilian Riedel-Topper
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Ave., Frederick, MD 21701-8524, United States
| | - Nathan J. DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 411 Smith Hall, 3744 Walker Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152
| | - Thomas E. Bitterwolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 2343, Moscow, ID 83844-2343, United States
| | - Christopher J. Stromberg
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Hood College, 401 Rosemont Ave., Frederick, MD 21701-8524, United States
| | - Edwin J. Heilweil
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8443 United States
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46
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Gu C, Nie X, Jiang J, Chen Z, Dong Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Yu Z, Zhu Z, Liu J, Liu X, Shao Y. Mechanistic Study of Oxygen Reduction at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces by Hybrid Ultramicroelectrodes and Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13212-13221. [PMID: 31353892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions at various interfaces (liquid/membrane, solid/electrolyte, liquid/liquid) lie at the heart of many processes in biology and chemistry. Mechanistic study can provide profound understanding of PCET and rational design of new systems. However, most mechanisms of PCET reactions at a liquid/liquid interface have been proposed based on electrochemical and spectroscopic data, which lack direct evidence for possible intermediates. Moreover, a liquid/liquid interface as one type of soft interface is dynamic, making the investigation of interfacial reactions very challenging. Herein a novel electrochemistry method coupled to mass spectrometry (EC-MS) was introduced for in situ study of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by ferrocene (Fc) under catalysis from cobalt tetraphenylporphine (CoTPP) at liquid/liquid interfaces. The key units are two types of gel hybrid ultramicroelectrodes (agar-gel/organic hybrid ultramicroelectrodes and water/PVC-gel hybrid ultramicroelectrodes), which were made based on dual micro- or nanopipettes. A solidified liquid/liquid interface can be formed at the tip of these pipettes, and it serves as both an electrochemical cell and a nanospray emitter for mass spectrometry. We demonstrated that the solidified L/L interfaces were very similar to typical L/L interfaces. Key CoTPP intermediates of the ORR at the liquid/liquid interfaces were identified for the first time, and the four-electron oxygen reduction pathway predominated, which provides valuable insights into the mechanism of the ORR. Theoretical simulation has further supported the possibility of formation of intermediates. This type of platform is promising for in situ tracking and identifying intermediates to study complicated reactions at liquid/liquid interfaces or other soft interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xin Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiezhang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zifei Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhengyou Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jian Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yuanhua Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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47
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Fredin LA, Persson P. Influence of Triplet Surface Properties on Excited-State Deactivation of Expanded Cage Bis(tridentate)Ruthenium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5293-5299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Fredin
- Chemistry Department, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Chemistry Department, Theoretical Chemistry Division, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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48
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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49
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Preiß S, Päpcke A, Burkhardt L, Großmann L, Lochbrunner S, Bauer M, Opatz T, Heinze K. Gold(II) Porphyrins in Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:5940-5949. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Preiß
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ayla Päpcke
- Institute of Physics and Department of Life, Light, and MatterUniversity of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Luca Großmann
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute of Physics and Department of Life, Light, and MatterUniversity of Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD)Paderborn University Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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50
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Ou H, Tang C, Chen X, Zhou M, Wang X. Solvated Electrons for Photochemistry Syntheses Using Conjugated Carbon Nitride Polymers. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, People’s Republic of China
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