1
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Goux M, Demonceaux M, Hendrickx J, Solleux C, Lormeau E, Fredslund F, Tezé D, Offmann B, André-Miral C. Sucrose phosphorylase from Alteromonas mediterranea: Structural insight into the regioselective α-glucosylation of (+)-catechin. Biochimie 2024; 221:13-19. [PMID: 38199518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases, through transglycosylation reactions, are interesting enzymes that can transfer regioselectively glucose from sucrose, the donor substrate, onto acceptors like flavonoids to form glycoconjugates and hence modulate their solubility and bioactivity. Here, we report for the first time the structure of sucrose phosphorylase from the marine bacteria Alteromonas mediterranea (AmSP) and its enzymatic properties. Kinetics of sucrose hydrolysis and transglucosylation capacities on (+)-catechin were investigated. Wild-type enzyme (AmSP-WT) displayed high hydrolytic activity on sucrose and was devoid of transglucosylation activity on (+)-catechin. Two variants, AmSP-Q353F and AmSP-P140D catalysed the regiospecific transglucosylation of (+)-catechin: 89 % of a novel compound (+)-catechin-4'-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (CAT-4') for AmSP-P140D and 92 % of (+)-catechin-3'-O-α-d-glucopyranoside (CAT-3') for AmSP-Q353F. The compound CAT-4' was fully characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. An explanation for this difference in regiospecificity was provided at atomic level by molecular docking simulations: AmSP-P140D was found to preferentially bind (+)-catechin in a mode that favours glucosylation on its hydroxyl group in position 4' while the binding mode in AmSP-Q353F favoured glucosylation on its hydroxyl group in position 3'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Goux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Demonceaux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Johann Hendrickx
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Claude Solleux
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Lormeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Folmer Fredslund
- DTU Biosustain, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Tezé
- DTU Biosustain, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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2
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Ren J, Barton CD, Zhan J. Engineered production of bioactive polyphenolic O-glycosides. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108146. [PMID: 37028465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds (such as quercetin and resveratrol) possess potential medicinal values due to their various bioactivities, but poor water solubility hinders their health benefits to humankind. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to biosynthesize natural product glycosides with improved hydrophilicity. Glycosylation has profound effects on decreasing toxicity, increasing bioavailability and stability, together with changing bioactivity of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, polyphenolic glycosides can be used as food additives, therapeutics, and nutraceuticals. Engineered biosynthesis provides an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to generate polyphenolic glycosides through the use of various glycosyltransferases (GTs) and sugar biosynthetic enzymes. GTs transfer the sugar moieties from nucleotide-activated diphosphate sugar (NDP-sugar) donors to sugar acceptors such as polyphenolic compounds. In this review, we systematically review and summarize the representative polyphenolic O-glycosides with various bioactivities and their engineered biosynthesis in microbes with different biotechnological strategies. We also review the major routes towards NDP-sugar formation in microbes, which is significant for producing unusual or novel glycosides. Finally, we discuss the trends in NDP-sugar based glycosylation research to promote the development of prodrugs that positively impact human health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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Zhang T, Liu P, Wei H, Sun X, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Cai Y, Cui M, Ma H, Liu W, Sun Y, Yang J. Protein Engineering of Glucosylglycerol Phosphorylase Facilitating Efficient and Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Glycosylation of Polyols in a Synthetic System. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pi Liu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongli Wei
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xinming Sun
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yi Cai
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Mengfei Cui
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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5
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Lara-Cruz GA, Jaramillo-Botero A. Molecular Level Sucrose Quantification: A Critical Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9511. [PMID: 36502213 PMCID: PMC9740140 DOI: 10.3390/s22239511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is a primary metabolite in plants, a source of energy, a source of carbon atoms for growth and development, and a regulator of biochemical processes. Most of the traditional analytical chemistry methods for sucrose quantification in plants require sample treatment (with consequent tissue destruction) and complex facilities, that do not allow real-time sucrose quantification at ultra-low concentrations (nM to pM range) under in vivo conditions, limiting our understanding of sucrose roles in plant physiology across different plant tissues and cellular compartments. Some of the above-mentioned problems may be circumvented with the use of bio-compatible ligands for molecular recognition of sucrose. Nevertheless, problems such as the signal-noise ratio, stability, and selectivity are some of the main challenges limiting the use of molecular recognition methods for the in vivo quantification of sucrose. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the existing analytical chemistry tools, biosensors, and synthetic ligands, for sucrose quantification and discuss the most promising paths to improve upon its limits of detection. Our goal is to highlight the criteria design need for real-time, in vivo, highly sensitive and selective sucrose sensing capabilities to enable further our understanding of living organisms, the development of new plant breeding strategies for increased crop productivity and sustainability, and ultimately to contribute to the overarching need for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Omicas Alliance, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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6
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Zhou Y, Ke F, Chen L, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chen X. Enhancing regioselectivity of sucrose phosphorylase by loop engineering for glycosylation of L-ascorbic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4575-4586. [PMID: 35739344 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) has a remarkable capacity to synthesize numerous glucosides from abundantly available sucrose under mild conditions but suffers from specificity and regioselectivity issues. In this study, a loop engineering strategy was introduced to enhance the regioselectivity and substrate specificity of SPase for the efficient synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) via L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). P134, L341, and L343 were identified as "hotspots" for modulating the flexibility of loops, which significantly influenced the H-bonding network of L-AA in the active site, as well as the entrance of the substrate channel, thereby altering the regioselectivity and substrate specificity. Finally, the mutant L341V/L343F, with near-perfect control of the selectivity synthesis of the 2-OH group of L-AA (> 99%), was obtained. The AA-2G production by the mutant reached 244 g L-1 in a whole-cell biotransformation system, and the conversion rate of L-AA reached 64%, which is the highest level reported to date. Our work also provides a successful loop engineering case for modulating the regioselectivity and specificity of sucrose phosphorylase. KEY POINTS: • "Hotspots" were identified in the flexible loops of sucrose phosphorylase. • Mutants exhibited improved regioselectivity and specificity against L-ascorbic acid. • Synthesized AA-2G with high yield and regioselectivity by whole-cell of mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Feifei Ke
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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7
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Lei J, Tang K, Zhang T, Li Y, Gao Z, Jia H. Efficient Production of 2-O-α-D-Glucosyl Glycerol Catalyzed by an Engineered Sucrose Phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium longum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5274-5291. [PMID: 35731443 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
2-O-α-D-Glucosyl glycerol (2-αGG) can be used as a multipurpose anti-aging, cell-stimulating, and skin moisturizing agent in the cosmetic industry. Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) has been widely used in the production of 2-αGG. In this paper, the gene encoding sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium longum (BlSP) was inserted into pRSF-Duet-1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pRSF-BlSP and was functionally expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) to be used as a biocatalyst for the synthesis of 2-αGG firstly. The mutations of BlSP were carried out based on alanine scanning, and a positive mutant G293A with a 50% increase in activity for 2-αGG production was identified. Mutant G293A has less Km and bigger kcat/Km towards glycerol than the parental BlSP. Subsequently, the production of 177.6 g/L 2-αGG was attained from 1 M sucrose and 1.2 M glycerol catalyzed by 17 mg/mL G293A mutant. This study indicated that BlSP has good potential in the production of 2-αGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Lei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Kexin Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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8
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Febres-Molina C, Sánchez L, Prat-Resina X, Jaña GA. Glucosylation mechanism of resveratrol through the mutant Q345F sucrose phosphorylase from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis: a computational study. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5270-5283. [PMID: 35708054 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mainly due to their great antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer capacities, natural polyphenolic compounds have many properties with important applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Unfortunately, these molecules have very low water solubility and bioavailability. Glucosylation of polyphenols is an excellent alternative to overcome these drawbacks. Specifically, for the natural polyphenol resveratrol this process is very inefficiently performed by the native enzyme sucrose phosphorylase (BaSP) from the organism Bifidobacterium adolescentis (4%). However, the Q345F point mutation of the sucrose phosphorylase (BaSP Q345F) has been shown to achieve 97% monoglucosylation for the same substrate and the mechanism is still unknown. This report presents an analysis of MD simulations performed with the BaSP Q345F and BaSP systems in complex with resveratrol monoglucoside, followed by a study of the transglucosylation reaction of the mutant enzyme BaSP Q345F with resveratrol through the QM/MM hybrid method. With respect to the MD simulations, both protein structures showed greater similarity to the phosphate-binding conformation, and a larger active site and conformational changes in certain structures were found for the mutant system compared with the native enzyme; all this is in agreement with experimental data. With regard to the QM/MM calculations, the structure of an oxocarbenium ion-like transition state and the minimum energy adiabatic path (MEP) that connects the reactants with the products were obtained with a 20.3 kcal mol-1 energy barrier, which fits within the known experimental range for this type of enzyme. Finally, the analyses performed along the MEP suggest a concerted but asynchronous mechanism. In particular, they show that the interactions involving the residues of the catalytic triad (Asp192, Glu232, and Asp290) together with two water molecules at the active site strongly contribute to the stabilization of the transition state. The understanding of this glucosylation mechanism of the polyphenol resveratrol carried out by the mutant sucrose phosphorylase enzyme presented in this work could serve as the basis for subsequent studies on related carbohydrate-active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Febres-Molina
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leslie Sánchez
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xavier Prat-Resina
- Center for Learning Innovation, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota 55904, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Jaña
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Talcahuano, Chile.
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9
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Discovery and Biotechnological Exploitation of Glycoside-Phosphorylases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063043. [PMID: 35328479 PMCID: PMC8950772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among carbohydrate active enzymes, glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) are valuable catalysts for white biotechnologies, due to their exquisite capacity to efficiently re-modulate oligo- and poly-saccharides, without the need for costly activated sugars as substrates. The reversibility of the phosphorolysis reaction, indeed, makes them attractive tools for glycodiversification. However, discovery of new GP functions is hindered by the difficulty in identifying them in sequence databases, and, rather, relies on extensive and tedious biochemical characterization studies. Nevertheless, recent advances in automated tools have led to major improvements in GP mining, activity predictions, and functional screening. Implementation of GPs into innovative in vitro and in cellulo bioproduction strategies has also made substantial advances. Herein, we propose to discuss the latest developments in the strategies employed to efficiently discover GPs and make the best use of their exceptional catalytic properties for glycoside bioproduction.
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Structural Insight into a Yeast Maltase-The BaAG2 from Blastobotrys adeninivorans with Transglycosylating Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100816. [PMID: 34682239 PMCID: PMC8539097 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An early-diverged yeast, Blastobotrys (Arxula) adeninivorans (Ba), has biotechnological potential due to nutritional versatility, temperature tolerance, and production of technologically applicable enzymes. We have biochemically characterized from the Ba type strain (CBS 8244) the GH13-family maltase BaAG2 with efficient transglycosylation activity on maltose. In the current study, transglycosylation of sucrose was studied in detail. The chemical entities of sucrose-derived oligosaccharides were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Several potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides with α-1,1, α-1,3, α-1,4, and α-1,6 linkages were disclosed among the products. Trisaccharides isomelezitose, erlose, and theanderose, and disaccharides maltulose and trehalulose were dominant transglycosylation products. To date no structure for yeast maltase has been determined. Structures of the BaAG2 with acarbose and glucose in the active center were solved at 2.12 and 2.13 Å resolution, respectively. BaAG2 exhibited a catalytic domain with a (β/α)8-barrel fold and Asp216, Glu274, and Asp348 as the catalytic triad. The fairly wide active site cleft contained water channels mediating substrate hydrolysis. Next to the substrate-binding pocket an enlarged space for potential binding of transglycosylation acceptors was identified. The involvement of a Glu (Glu309) at subsite +2 and an Arg (Arg233) at subsite +3 in substrate binding was shown for the first time for α-glucosidases.
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11
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Sigg A, Klimacek M, Nidetzky B. Three-level hybrid modeling for systematic optimization of biocatalytic synthesis: α-glucosyl glycerol production by enzymatic trans-glycosylation from sucrose. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4028-4040. [PMID: 34232503 PMCID: PMC8518044 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism-based kinetic models are rigorous tools to analyze enzymatic reactions, but their extension to actual conditions of the biocatalytic synthesis can be difficult. Here, we demonstrate (mechanistic-empirical) hybrid modeling for systematic optimization of the sucrose phosphorylase-catalyzed glycosylation of glycerol from sucrose, to synthesize the cosmetic ingredient α-glucosyl glycerol (GG). The empirical model part was developed to capture nonspecific effects of high sucrose concentrations (up to 1.5 M) on microscopic steps of the enzymatic trans-glycosylation mechanism. Based on verified predictions of the enzyme performance under initial rate conditions (Level 1), the hybrid model was expanded by microscopic terms of the reverse reaction to account for the full-time course of GG synthesis (Level 2). Lastly (Level 3), the application of the hybrid model for comprehensive window-of-operation analysis and constrained optimization of the GG production (~250 g/L) was demonstrated. Using two candidate sucrose phosphorylases (from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bifidobacterium adolescentis), we reveal the hybrid model as a powerful tool of "process decision making" to guide rational selection of the best-suited enzyme catalyst. Our study exemplifies a closing of the gap between enzyme kinetic models considered for mechanistic research and applicable in technologically relevant reaction conditions; and it highlights the important benefit thus realizable for biocatalytic process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sigg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mario Klimacek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Graz, Austria
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12
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Franceus J, Ubiparip Z, Beerens K, Desmet T. Engineering of a Thermostable Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of 2-O-Glucosylglycerol. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2777-2782. [PMID: 33991026 PMCID: PMC8518079 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
2‐O‐Glucosylglycerol is accumulated by various bacteria and plants in response to environmental stress. It is widely applied as a bioactive moisturising ingredient in skin care products, for which it is manufactured via enzymatic glucosylation of glycerol by the sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. This industrial process is operated at room temperature due to the mediocre stability of the biocatalyst, often leading to microbial contamination. The highly thermostable sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis could be a better alternative in that regard, but this enzyme is not fit for production of 2‐O‐glucosylglycerol due to its low regioselectivity and poor affinity for glycerol. In this work, the thermostable phosphorylase was engineered to alleviate these problems. Several engineering approaches were explored, ranging from site‐directed mutagenesis to conventional, binary, iterative or combinatorial randomisation of the active site, resulting in the screening of ∼3,900 variants. Variant P134Q displayed a 21‐fold increase in catalytic efficiency for glycerol, as well as a threefold improvement in regioselectivity towards the 2‐position of the substrate, while retaining its activity for several days at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorick Franceus
- Centre for Synthesis Biology (CSB) Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Zorica Ubiparip
- Centre for Synthesis Biology (CSB) Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Centre for Synthesis Biology (CSB) Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthesis Biology (CSB) Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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13
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Garcia CA, Gardner JG. Bacterial α-diglucoside metabolism: perspectives and potential for biotechnology and biomedicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4033-4052. [PMID: 33961116 PMCID: PMC8237927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In a competitive microbial environment, nutrient acquisition is a major contributor to the survival of any individual bacterial species, and the ability to access uncommon energy sources can provide a fitness advantage. One set of soluble carbohydrates that have attracted increased attention for use in biotechnology and biomedicine is the α-diglucosides. Maltose is the most well-studied member of this class; however, the remaining four less common α-diglucosides (trehalose, kojibiose, nigerose, and isomaltose) are increasingly used in processed food and fermented beverages. The consumption of trehalose has recently been shown to be a contributing factor in gut microbiome disease as certain pathogens are using α-diglucosides to outcompete native gut flora. Kojibiose and nigerose have also been examined as potential prebiotics and alternative sweeteners for a variety of foods. Compared to the study of maltose metabolism, our understanding of the synthesis and degradation of uncommon α-diglucosides is lacking, and several fundamental questions remain unanswered, particularly with regard to the regulation of bacterial metabolism for α-diglucosides. Therefore, this minireview attempts to provide a focused analysis of uncommon α-diglucoside metabolism in bacteria and suggests some future directions for this research area that could potentially accelerate biotechnology and biomedicine developments. KEY POINTS: • α-diglucosides are increasingly important but understudied bacterial metabolites. • Kinetically superior α-diglucoside enzymes require few amino acid substitutions. • In vivo studies are required to realize the biotechnology potential of α-diglucosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecelia A Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Gardner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Schwaiger KN, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Striedner G, Nidetzky B. Whole cell-based catalyst for enzymatic production of the osmolyte 2-O-α-glucosylglycerol. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 33827582 PMCID: PMC8025525 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosylglycerol (2-O-α-d-glucosyl-sn-glycerol; GG) is a natural osmolyte from bacteria and plants. It has promising applications as cosmetic and food-and-feed ingredient. Due to its natural scarcity, GG must be prepared through dedicated synthesis, and an industrial bioprocess for GG production has been implemented. This process uses sucrose phosphorylase (SucP)-catalyzed glycosylation of glycerol from sucrose, applying the isolated enzyme in immobilized form. A whole cell-based enzyme formulation might constitute an advanced catalyst for GG production. Here, recombinant production in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) was compared systematically for the SucPs from Leuconostoc mesenteroides (LmSucP) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSucP) with the purpose of whole cell catalyst development. Results Expression from pQE30 and pET21 plasmids in E. coli BL21(DE3) gave recombinant protein at 40–50% share of total intracellular protein, with the monomeric LmSucP mostly soluble (≥ 80%) and the homodimeric BaSucP more prominently insoluble (~ 40%). The cell lysate specific activity of LmSucP was 2.8-fold (pET21; 70 ± 24 U/mg; N = 5) and 1.4-fold (pQE30; 54 ± 9 U/mg, N = 5) higher than that of BaSucP. Synthesis reactions revealed LmSucP was more regio-selective for glycerol glycosylation (~ 88%; position O2 compared to O1) than BaSucP (~ 66%), thus identifying LmSucP as the enzyme of choice for GG production. Fed-batch bioreactor cultivations at controlled low specific growth rate (µ = 0.05 h−1; 28 °C) for LmSucP production (pET21) yielded ~ 40 g cell dry mass (CDM)/L with an activity of 2.0 × 104 U/g CDM, corresponding to 39 U/mg protein. The same production from the pQE30 plasmid gave a lower yield of 6.5 × 103 U/g CDM, equivalent to 13 U/mg. A single freeze–thaw cycle exposed ~ 70% of the intracellular enzyme activity for GG production (~ 65 g/L, ~ 90% yield from sucrose), without releasing it from the cells during the reaction. Conclusions Compared to BaSucP, LmSucP is preferred for regio-selective GG production. Expression from pET21 and pQE30 plasmids enables high-yield bioreactor production of the enzyme as a whole cell catalyst. The freeze–thaw treated cells represent a highly active, solid formulation of the LmSucP for practical synthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01569-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina N Schwaiger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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15
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Structure and evolution of the bifidobacterial carbohydrate metabolism proteins and enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:563-578. [PMID: 33666221 PMCID: PMC8106489 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria have attracted significant attention because they provide health-promoting effects in the human gut. In this review, we present a current overview of the three-dimensional structures of bifidobacterial proteins involved in carbohydrate uptake, degradation, and metabolism. As predominant early colonizers of the infant's gut, distinct bifidobacterial species are equipped with a panel of transporters and enzymes specific for human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Interestingly, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum possess lacto-N-biosidases with unrelated structural folds to release the disaccharide lacto-N-biose from HMOs, suggesting the convergent evolution of this activity from different ancestral proteins. The crystal structures of enzymes that confer the degradation of glycans from the mucin glycoprotein layer provide a structural basis for the utilization of this sustainable nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. The utilization of several plant dietary oligosaccharides has been studied in detail, and the prime importance of oligosaccharide-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in glycan utilisations by bifidobacteria has been revealed. The structural elements underpinning the high selectivity and roles of ABC transporter binding proteins in establishing competitive growth on preferred oligosaccharides are discussed. Distinct ABC transporters are conserved across several bifidobacterial species, e.g. those targeting arabinoxylooligosaccharide and α-1,6-galactosides/glucosides. Less prevalent transporters, e.g. targeting β-mannooligosaccharides, may contribute to the metabolic specialisation within Bifidobacterium. Some bifidobacterial species have established symbiotic relationships with humans. Structural studies of carbohydrate-utilizing systems in Bifidobacterium have revealed the interesting history of molecular coevolution with the host, as highlighted by the early selection of bifidobacteria by mucin and breast milk glycans.
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16
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Sun S, You C. Disaccharide phosphorylases: Structure, catalytic mechanisms and directed evolution. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:23-31. [PMID: 33665389 PMCID: PMC7896129 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disaccharide phosphorylases (DSPs) are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They are modular enzymes that form active homo-oligomers. From a mechanistic as well as a structural point of view, they are similar to glycoside hydrolases or glycosyltransferases. As the majority of DSPs show strict stereo- and regiospecificities, these enzymes were used to synthesize specific disaccharides. Currently, protein engineering of DSPs is pursued in different laboratories to broaden the donor and acceptor substrate specificities or improve the industrial particularity of naturally existing enzymes, to eventually generate a toolbox of new catalysts for glycoside synthesis. Herein we review the characteristics and classifications of reported DSPs and the glycoside products that they have been used to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Nidetzky B, Zhong C. Phosphorylase-catalyzed bottom-up synthesis of short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides and property-tunable cellulosic materials. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107633. [PMID: 32966861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials are produced industrially in countless varieties via top-down processing of natural lignocellulose substrates. By contrast, cellulosic materials are only rarely prepared via bottom up synthesis and oligomerization-induced self-assembly of cellulose chains. Building up a cellulose chain via precision polymerization is promising, however, for it offers tunability and control of the final chemical structure. Synthetic cellulose derivatives with programmable material properties might thus be obtained. Cellodextrin phosphorylase (CdP; EC 2.4.1.49) catalyzes iterative β-1,4-glycosylation from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate, with the ability to elongate a diversity of acceptor substrates, including cellobiose, d-glucose and a range of synthetic glycosides having non-sugar aglycons. Depending on the reaction conditions leading to different degrees of polymerization (DP), short-chain soluble cello-oligosaccharides (COS) or insoluble cellulosic materials are formed. Here, we review the characteristics of CdP as bio-catalyst for synthetic applications and show advances in the enzymatic production of COS and reducing end-modified, tailored cellulose materials. Recent studies reveal COS as interesting dietary fibers that could provide a selective prebiotic effect. The bottom-up synthesized celluloses involve chains of DP ≥ 9, as precipitated in solution, and they form ~5 nm thick sheet-like crystalline structures of cellulose allomorph II. Solvent conditions and aglycon structures can direct the cellulose chain self-assembly towards a range of material architectures, including hierarchically organized networks of nanoribbons, or nanorods as well as distorted nanosheets. Composite materials are also formed. The resulting materials can be useful as property-tunable hydrogels and feature site-specific introduction of functional and chemically reactive groups. Therefore, COS and cellulose obtained via bottom-up synthesis can expand cellulose applications towards product classes that are difficult to access via top-down processing of natural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, Graz 8010, Austria
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18
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Zhong C, Ukowitz C, Domig KJ, Nidetzky B. Short-Chain Cello-oligosaccharides: Intensification and Scale-up of Their Enzymatic Production and Selective Growth Promotion among Probiotic Bacteria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8557-8567. [PMID: 32687709 PMCID: PMC7458430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain cello-oligosaccharides (COS; degree of polymerization, DP ≤ 6) are promising water-soluble dietary fibers. An efficient approach to their bottom-up synthesis is from sucrose and glucose using glycoside phosphorylases. Here, we show the intensification and scale up (20 mL; gram scale) of COS production to 93 g/L product and in 82 mol % yield from sucrose (0.5 M). The COS were comprised of DP 3 (33 wt %), DP 4 (34 wt %), DP 5 (24 wt %), and DP 6 (9 wt %) and involved minimal loss (≤10 mol %) to insoluble fractions. After isolation (≥95% purity; ≥90% yield), the COS were examined for growth promotion of probiotic strains. Benchmarked against inulin, trans-galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellobiose, COS showed up to 4.1-fold stimulation of cell density for Clostridium butyricum, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus but were less efficient with Bifidobacterium sp. This study shows the COS as selectively functional carbohydrates with prebiotic potential and demonstrates their efficient enzymatic production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Christina Ukowitz
- Institute
of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Institute
of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute
of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
- Austrian
Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Graz 8010, Austria
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19
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Klimacek M, Sigg A, Nidetzky B. On the donor substrate dependence of group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes: Insight from kinetic analysis of sucrose phosphorylase-catalyzed transglycosylation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2933-2943. [PMID: 32573774 PMCID: PMC7540478 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes have considerable importance in biocatalytic synthesis and are exploited broadly in commercial-scale chemical production. Mechanistically, these reactions have in common the involvement of a covalent enzyme intermediate which is formed upon enzyme reaction with the donor substrate and is subsequently intercepted by a suitable acceptor. Here, we studied the glycosylation of glycerol from sucrose by sucrose phosphorylase (SucP) to clarify a peculiar, yet generally important characteristic of this reaction: partitioning between glycosylation of glycerol and hydrolysis depends on the type and the concentration of the donor substrate used (here: sucrose, α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (G1P)). We develop a kinetic framework to analyze the effect and provide evidence that, when G1P is used as donor substrate, hydrolysis occurs not only from the β-glucosyl-enzyme intermediate (E-Glc), but additionally from a noncovalent complex of E-Glc and substrate which unlike E-Glc is unreactive to glycerol. Depending on the relative rates of hydrolysis of free and substrate-bound E-Glc, inhibition (Leuconostoc mesenteroides SucP) or apparent activation (Bifidobacterium adolescentis SucP) is observed at high donor substrate concentration. At a G1P concentration that excludes the substrate-bound E-Glc, the transfer/hydrolysis ratio changes to a value consistent with reaction exclusively through E-Glc, independent of the donor substrate used. Collectively, these results give explanation for a kinetic behavior of SucP not previously accounted for, provide essential basis for design and optimization of the synthetic reaction, and establish a theoretical framework for the analysis of kinetically analogous group-transfer reactions by hydrolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Klimacek
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Sigg
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Graz, Austria
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20
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Franceus J, Desmet T. Sucrose Phosphorylase and Related Enzymes in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13: Discovery, Application and Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2526. [PMID: 32260541 PMCID: PMC7178133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases are carbohydrate-active enzymes with outstanding potential for the biocatalytic conversion of common table sugar into products with attractive properties. They belong to the glycoside hydrolase family GH13, where they are found in subfamily 18. In bacteria, these enzymes catalyse the phosphorolysis of sucrose to yield α-glucose 1-phosphate and fructose. However, sucrose phosphorylases can also be applied as versatile transglucosylases for the synthesis of valuable glycosides and sugars because their broad promiscuity allows them to transfer the glucosyl group of sucrose to a diverse collection of compounds other than phosphate. Numerous process and enzyme engineering studies have expanded the range of possible applications of sucrose phosphorylases ever further. Moreover, it has recently been discovered that family GH13 also contains a few novel phosphorylases that are specialised in the phosphorolysis of sucrose 6F-phosphate, glucosylglycerol or glucosylglycerate. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress that has been made in our understanding and exploitation of sucrose phosphorylases and related enzymes over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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21
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Li Y, Li Z, He X, Chen L, Cheng Y, Jia H, Yan M, Chen K. Characterisation of a Thermobacillus sucrose phosphorylase and its utility in enzymatic synthesis of 2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-l- ascorbic acid. J Biotechnol 2019; 305:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Structural Comparison of a Promiscuous and a Highly Specific Sucrose 6 F-Phosphate Phosphorylase. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163906. [PMID: 31405215 PMCID: PMC6720575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In family GH13 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database, subfamily 18 contains glycoside phosphorylases that act on α-sugars and glucosides. Because their phosphorolysis reactions are effectively reversible, these enzymes are of interest for the biocatalytic synthesis of various glycosidic compounds. Sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylases (SPPs) constitute one of the known substrate specificities. Here, we report the characterization of an SPP from Ilumatobacter coccineus with a far stricter specificity than the previously described promiscuous SPP from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum. Crystal structures of both SPPs were determined to provide insight into their similarities and differences. The residues responsible for binding the fructose 6-phosphate group in subsite +1 were found to differ considerably between the two enzymes. Furthermore, several variants that introduce a higher degree of substrate promiscuity in the strict SPP from I. coccineus were designed. These results contribute to an expanded structural knowledge of enzymes in subfamily GH13_18 and facilitate their rational engineering.
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23
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Tauzin AS, Bruel L, Laville E, Nicoletti C, Navarro D, Henrissat B, Perrier J, Potocki-Veronese G, Giardina T, Lafond M. Sucrose 6 F-phosphate phosphorylase: a novel insight in the human gut microbiome. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30913025 PMCID: PMC6521584 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining human health including in degradation of dietary fibres and carbohydrates further used as nutrients by both the host and the gut bacteria. Previously, we identified a polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) involved in sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) metabolism from one of the most common Firmicutes present in individuals, Ruminococcus gnavus E1. One of the enzymes encoded by this PUL was annotated as a putative sucrose phosphate phosphorylase (RgSPP). In the present study, we have in-depth characterized the heterologously expressed RgSPP as sucrose 6F-phosphate phosphorylase (SPP), expanding our knowledge of the glycoside hydrolase GH13_18 subfamily. Specifically, the enzymatic characterization showed a selective activity on sucrose 6F-phosphate (S6FP) acting both in phosphorolysis releasing alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) and alpha-d-fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), and in reverse phosphorolysis from G1P and F6P to S6FP. Interestingly, such a SPP activity had never been observed in gut bacteria before. In addition, a phylogenetic and synteny analysis showed a clustering and a strictly conserved PUL organization specific to gut bacteria. However, a wide prevalence and abundance study with a human metagenomic library showed a correlation between SPP activity and the geographical origin of the individuals and, thus, most likely linked to diet. Rgspp gene overexpression has been observed in mice fed with a high-fat diet suggesting, as observed for humans, that intestine lipid and carbohydrate microbial metabolisms are intertwined. Finally, based on the genomic environment analysis, in vitro and in vivo studies, results provide new insights into the gut microbiota catabolism of sucrose, RFOs and S6FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Tauzin
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.,2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France.,‡Present address: LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Bruel
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- 2LISBP, CNRS, INRA, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - David Navarro
- 3INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, PolyTech, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- 4Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288 Marseille, France.,5Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Josette Perrier
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thierry Giardina
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Mickael Lafond
- 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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24
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Kraus M, Grimm C, Seibel J. Reversibility of a Point Mutation Induced Domain Shift: Expanding the Conformational Space of a Sucrose Phosphorylase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10490. [PMID: 29993032 PMCID: PMC6041289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their popularity as enzyme engineering targets structural information about Sucrose Phosphorylases remains scarce. We recently clarified that the Q345F variant of Bifidobacterium adolescentis Sucrose Phosphorylase is able to accept large polyphenolic substrates like resveratrol via a domain shift. Here we present a crystal structure of this variant in a conformation suitable for the accommodation of the donor substrate sucrose in excellent agreement with the wild type structure. Remarkably, this conformation does not feature the previously observed domain shift which is therefore reversible and part of a dynamic process rather than a static phenomenon. This crystallographic snapshot completes our understanding of the catalytic cycle of this useful variant and will allow for a more rational design of further generations of Sucrose Phosphorylase variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Mukherjee K, Narindoshvili T, Raushel FM. Discovery of a Kojibiose Phosphorylase in Escherichia coli K-12. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2857-2867. [PMID: 29684280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The substrate profiles for three uncharacterized enzymes (YcjM, YcjT, and YcjU) that are expressed from a cluster of 12 genes ( ycjM-W and ompG) of unknown function in Escherichia coli K-12 were determined. Through a comprehensive bioinformatic and steady-state kinetic analysis, the catalytic function of YcjT was determined to be kojibiose phosphorylase. In the presence of saturating phosphate and kojibiose (α-(1,2)-d-glucose-d-glucose), this enzyme catalyzes the formation of d-glucose and β-d-glucose-1-phosphate ( kcat = 1.1 s-1, Km = 1.05 mM, and kcat/ Km = 1.12 × 103 M-1 s-1). Additionally, it was also shown that in the presence of β-d-glucose-1-phosphate, YcjT can catalyze the formation of other disaccharides using 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol, l-sorbose, d-sorbitol, or l-iditol as a substitute for d-glucose. Kojibiose is a component of cell wall lipoteichoic acids in Gram-positive bacteria and is of interest as a potential low-calorie sweetener and prebiotic. YcjU was determined to be a β-phosphoglucomutase that catalyzes the isomerization of β-d-glucose-1-phosphate ( kcat = 21 s-1, Km = 18 μM, and kcat/ Km = 1.1 × 106 M-1 s-1) to d-glucose-6-phosphate. YcjU was also shown to exhibit catalytic activity with β-d-allose-1-phosphate, β-d-mannose-1-phosphate, and β-d-galactose-1-phosphate. YcjM catalyzes the phosphorolysis of α-(1,2)-d-glucose-d-glycerate with a kcat = 2.1 s-1, Km = 69 μM, and kcat/ Km = 3.1 × 104 M-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keya Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77844 , United States
| | - Tamari Narindoshvili
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Frank M Raushel
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77844 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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26
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Wang M, Wu J, Wu D. Cloning and expression of the sucrose phosphorylase gene in Bacillus subtilis and synthesis of kojibiose using the recombinant enzyme. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:23. [PMID: 29448943 PMCID: PMC5813326 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kojibiose as a prebiotic and inhibitor of α-glucosidase exhibits potential for a wide range of applications in the food and medicine fields; however, large-scale separation and extraction of kojibiose from nature is difficult. Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) can be used for the production of kojibiose, and currently, SPase is only heterologously expressed in E. coli, making it unsuitable for use in the food industry. However, Bacillus subtilis is generally considered to be a safe organism potentially useful for SPase expression. RESULTS Here, for the first time, we heterologously expressed Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPase in a food-grade B. subtilis strain. The results showed that SPase was efficiently secreted into the extracellular medium in the absence of a signal peptide. After culturing the recombinant strain in a 3-L bioreactor, crude SPase yield and activity reached 7.5 g/L and 5.3 U/mL, respectively, the highest levels reported to date. The optimal reaction conditions for kojibiose synthesis catalyzed by recombinant SPase were as follows: 0.5 M sucrose, 0.5 M glucose, 0.02 Uenzyme/mgall_substrates, pH 7.0, 50 °C, and 30 h. Furthermore, the substrate-conversion rate reached 40.01%, with kojibiose accounting for 104.45 g/L and selectivity for kojibiose production at 97%. CONCLUSIONS Here, we successfully expressed SPase in B. subtilis in the absence of a signal peptide and demonstrated its secretion into the extracellular medium. Our results indicated high levels of recombinant enzyme expression, with a substrate-conversion rate of 40.01%. These results provide a basis for large-scale preparation of kojibiose by the recombinant SPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 China
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27
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Feng J, Gu Y, Quan Y, Gao W, Dang Y, Cao M, Lu X, Wang Y, Song C, Wang S. Construction of energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways for improving poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:98. [PMID: 28587617 PMCID: PMC5461702 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sucrose is an naturally abundant and easily fermentable feedstock for various biochemical production processes. By now, several sucrose utilization pathways have been identified and characterized. Among them, the pathway consists of sucrose permease and sucrose phosphorylase is an energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathway because it consumes less ATP when comparing to other known pathways. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NK-1 strain can use sucrose as the feedstock to produce poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), a highly valuable biopolymer. The native sucrose utilization pathway in NK-1 strain consists of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system and sucrose-6-P hydrolase and consumes more ATP than the energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathway. RESULTS In this study, the native sucrose utilization pathway in NK-1 was firstly deleted and generated the B. amyloliquefaciens 3Δ strain. Then four combination of heterologous energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways were constructed and introduced into the 3Δ strain. Results demonstrated that the combination of cscB (encodes sucrose permease) from Escherichia coli and sucP (encodes sucrose phosphorylase) from Bifidobacterium adolescentis showed the highest sucrose metabolic efficiency. The corresponding mutant consumed 49.4% more sucrose and produced 38.5% more γ-PGA than the NK-1 strain under the same fermentation conditions. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, this is the first report concerning the enhancement of the target product production by introducing the heterologous energy-conserving sucrose utilization pathways. Such a strategy can be easily extended to other microorganism hosts for reinforced biochemical production using sucrose as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yufen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weixia Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yulei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Cunjiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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28
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Gudiminchi RK, Nidetzky B. Walking a Fine Line with Sucrose Phosphorylase: Efficient Single-Step Biocatalytic Production of l-Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside from Sucrose. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1387-1390. [PMID: 28426168 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The 2-O-α-d-glucoside of l-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is a highly stabilized form of vitamin C, with important industrial applications in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals. AA-2G is currently produced through biocatalytic glucosylation of l-ascorbic acid from starch-derived oligosaccharides. Sucrose would be an ideal substrate for AA-2G synthesis, but it lacks a suitable transglycosidase. We show here that in a narrow pH window (pH 4.8-6.0, with sharp optimum at pH 5.2), sucrose phosphorylases catalyzed the 2-O-α-glucosylation of l-ascorbic acid from sucrose with high efficiency and perfect site-selectivity. Optimized synthesis with the enzyme from Bifidobacterium longum at 40 °C gave a concentrated product (155 g L-1 ; 460 mm), from which pure AA-2G was readily recovered in ∼50 % overall yield, thus providing the basis for advanced production. The peculiar pH dependence is suggested to arise from a "reverse-protonation" mechanism in which the catalytic base Glu232 on the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate must be protonated for attack on the anomeric carbon from the 2-hydroxyl of the ionized l-ascorbate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 14 Petersgasse, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, 12/1 Petersgasse, 8010, Graz, Austria
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29
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Kraus M, Görl J, Timm M, Seibel J. Synthesis of the rare disaccharide nigerose by structure-based design of a phosphorylase mutant with altered regioselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 52:4625-7. [PMID: 26878207 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of the natural acceptor inorganic phosphate wild-type sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP) produces maltose (4-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) and kojibiose (2-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose) as sole transfer products. A Q345F exchange switches the enzyme's regioselectivity from 2 to 3 exclusively, yielding the rare sugar nigerose (3-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose, sakebiose).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kraus
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Görl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - M Timm
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - J Seibel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Am Hubland C1, Würzburg, Germany.
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30
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Zhong C, Wei P, Zhang YHP. Enhancing functional expression of codon-optimized heterologous enzymes in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by selective introduction of synonymous rare codons. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:1054-1064. [PMID: 27943233 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rare codon in a heterologous gene may cause premature termination of protein synthesis, misincorporation of amino acids, and/or slow translation of mRNA, decreasing the heterologous protein expression. However, its hypothetical function pertaining to functional protein folding has been barely reported. Here, we investigated the effects of selective introduction of synonymous rare codons (SRCs) to two codon-optimized (i.e., rare codon-free) genes sucrose phosphorylase (SP) gene from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum and amidohydrolase gene from Streptomyces caatingaensis on their expression levels in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). We investigated the introduction of a single SRC to the coding regions of alpha-helix, beta-strand, or linker in the first half of rare codon-free sp and ah gene. The introduction of a single SRC in the beginning of the coding regions of beta-strand greatly enhanced their soluble expression levels as compared to the other regions. Also, we applied directed evolution to test multi-SRC-containing sp gene mutants for enhanced soluble SP expression levels. To easily identify the soluble SP expression level of colonies growing on Petri dishes, mCherry fluorescent protein was used as a SP-folding reporter when it was fused to the 3' end of the sp gene mutant libraries. After three rounds of screening, the best sp gene mutant containing nine SRCs exhibited an approximately six-fold enhancement in soluble protein expression level as compared to the wild-type and rare codon-free sp control. This study suggests that the selective introduction of SRCs can attenuate translation at specific points and such discontinuous attenuation can temporally separate the translation of segments of the peptide chains and actively coordinates their co-translational folding, resulting in enhanced functional protein expression. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1054-1064. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yi-Heng Percival Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
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31
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Nunes-Costa D, Maranha A, Costa M, Alarico S, Empadinhas N. Glucosylglycerate metabolism, bioversatility and mycobacterial survival. Glycobiology 2016; 27:213-227. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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32
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Okuyama M, Saburi W, Mori H, Kimura A. α-Glucosidases and α-1,4-glucan lyases: structures, functions, and physiological actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2727-51. [PMID: 27137181 PMCID: PMC11108350 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidases (AGases) and α-1,4-glucan lyases (GLases) catalyze the degradation of α-glucosidic linkages at the non-reducing ends of substrates to release α-glucose and anhydrofructose, respectively. The AGases belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 13 and 31, and the GLases belong to GH31 and share the same structural fold with GH31 AGases. GH13 and GH31 AGases show diverse functions upon the hydrolysis of substrates, having linkage specificities and size preferences, as well as upon transglucosylation, forming specific α-glucosidic linkages. The crystal structures of both enzymes were determined using free and ligand-bound forms, which enabled us to understand the important structural elements responsible for the diverse functions. A series of mutational approaches revealed features of the structural elements. In particular, amino-acid residues in plus subsites are of significance, because they regulate transglucosylation, which is used in the production of industrially valuable oligosaccharides. The recently solved three-dimensional structure of GLase from red seaweed revealed the amino-acid residues essential for lyase activity and the strict recognition of the α-(1 → 4)-glucosidic substrate linkage. The former was introduced to the GH31 AGase, and the resultant mutant displayed GLase activity. GH13 and GH31 AGases hydrate anhydrofructose to produce glucose, suggesting that AGases are involved in the catabolic pathway used to salvage unutilized anhydrofructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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33
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Verhaeghe T, De Winter K, Berland M, De Vreese R, D'hooghe M, Offmann B, Desmet T. Converting bulk sugars into prebiotics: semi-rational design of a transglucosylase with controlled selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3687-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bad sugars in, good sugar out: an engineered sucrose phosphorylase for the production of kojibiose from sucrose and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Verhaeghe
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Karel De Winter
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Magali Berland
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP)
- UMR CNRS 6286
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Rob De Vreese
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Matthias D'hooghe
- SynBioC Research Group
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Unité Fonctionnalité et Ingénierie des Protéines (UFIP)
- UMR CNRS 6286
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9000 Ghent
- Belgium
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34
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Kraus M, Grimm C, Seibel J. Redesign of the Active Site of Sucrose Phosphorylase through a Clash-Induced Cascade of Loop Shifts. Chembiochem 2015; 17:33-6. [PMID: 26527586 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphorylases have been applied in the enzymatic production of glycosylated compounds for decades. However, several desirable acceptors, such as flavonoids or stilbenoids, that exhibit diverse antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic or antioxidant properties, remain poor substrates. The Q345F exchange in sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis allows efficient glucosylation of resveratrol, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin in yields of up to 97 % whereas the wild-type enzyme favours sucrose hydrolysis. Three previously undescribed products are made available. The crystal structure of the variant reveals a widened access channel with a hydrophobic aromatic surface that is likely to contribute to the improved activity towards aromatic acceptors. The generation of this channel can be explained in terms of a cascade of structural changes arising from the Q345F exchange. The observed mechanisms are likely to be relevant for the design of other tailor-made enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kraus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor Boveri-Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Seibel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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35
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Kitaoka M. Diversity of phosphorylases in glycoside hydrolase families. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8377-90. [PMID: 26293338 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylases are useful catalysts for the practical preparation of various sugars. The number of known specificities was 13 in 2002 and is now 30. The drastic increase in available genome sequences has facilitated the discovery of novel activities. Most of these novel phosphorylase activities have been identified through the investigations of glycoside hydrolase families containing known phosphorylases. Here, the diversity of phosphorylases in each family is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomitsu Kitaoka
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan.
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36
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Wildberger P, Aish GA, Jakeman DL, Brecker L, Nidetzky B. Interplay of catalytic subsite residues in the positioning of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate in sucrose phosphorylase. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:36-44. [PMID: 26380381 PMCID: PMC4554294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic and molecular docking studies were performed to characterize the binding of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (αGlc 1-P) at the catalytic subsite of a family GH-13 sucrose phosphorylase (from L. mesenteroides) in wild-type and mutated form. The best-fit binding mode of αGlc 1-P dianion had the phosphate group placed anti relative to the glucosyl moiety (adopting a relaxed 4C1 chair conformation) and was stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds from residues of the enzyme׳s catalytic triad (Asp196, Glu237 and Asp295) and from Arg137. Additional feature of the αGlc 1-P docking pose was an intramolecular hydrogen bond (2.7 Å) between the glucosyl C2-hydroxyl and the phosphate oxygen. An inactive phosphonate analog of αGlc 1-P did not show binding to sucrose phosphorylase in different experimental assays (saturation transfer difference NMR, steady-state reversible inhibition), consistent with evidence from molecular docking study that also suggested a completely different and strongly disfavored binding mode of the analog as compared to αGlc 1-P. Molecular docking results also support kinetic data in showing that mutation of Phe52, a key residue at the catalytic subsite involved in transition state stabilization, had little effect on the ground-state binding of αGlc 1-P by the phosphorylase. However, when combined with a second mutation involving one of the catalytic triad residues, the mutation of Phe52 by Ala caused complete (F52A_D196A; F52A_E237A) or very large (F52A_D295A) disruption of the proposed productive binding mode of αGlc 1-P with consequent effects on the enzyme activity. Effects of positioning of αGlc 1-P for efficient glucosyl transfer from phosphate to the catalytic nucleophile of the enzyme (Asp196) are suggested. High similarity between the αGlc 1-P conformers bound to sucrose phosphorylase (modeled) and the structurally and mechanistically unrelated maltodextrin phosphorylase (experimental) is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wildberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gaia A. Aish
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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37
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Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Verhaeghe T, De Winter K, Desmet T. Creating Space for Large Acceptors: Rational Biocatalyst Design for Resveratrol Glycosylation in an Aqueous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9289-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Dirks-Hofmeister ME, Verhaeghe T, De Winter K, Desmet T. Creating Space for Large Acceptors: Rational Biocatalyst Design for Resveratrol Glycosylation in an Aqueous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Puchart V. Glycoside phosphorylases: Structure, catalytic properties and biotechnological potential. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:261-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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De Bruyn F, Maertens J, Beauprez J, Soetaert W, De Mey M. Biotechnological advances in UDP-sugar based glycosylation of small molecules. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:288-302. [PMID: 25698505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small molecules like specialized (secondary) metabolites has a profound impact on their solubility, stability or bioactivity, making glycosides attractive compounds as food additives, therapeutics or nutraceuticals. The subsequently growing market demand has fuelled the development of various biotechnological processes, which can be divided in the in vitro (using enzymes) or in vivo (using whole cells) production of glycosides. In this context, uridine glycosyltransferases (UGTs) have emerged as promising catalysts for the regio- and stereoselective glycosylation of various small molecules, hereby using uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars as activated glycosyldonors. This review gives an extensive overview of the recently developed in vivo production processes using UGTs and discusses the major routes towards UDP-sugar formation. Furthermore, the use of interconverting enzymes and glycorandomization is highlighted for the production of unusual or new-to-nature glycosides. Finally, the technological challenges and future trends in UDP-sugar based glycosylation are critically evaluated and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik De Bruyn
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joeri Beauprez
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre of Expertise-Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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O'Neill EC, Field RA. Enzymatic synthesis using glycoside phosphorylases. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:23-37. [PMID: 25060838 PMCID: PMC4336185 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate phosphorylases are readily accessible but under-explored catalysts for glycoside synthesis. Their use of accessible and relatively stable sugar phosphates as donor substrates underlies their potential. A wide range of these enzymes has been reported of late, displaying a range of preferences for sugar donors, acceptors and glycosidic linkages. This has allowed this class of enzymes to be used in the synthesis of diverse carbohydrate structures, including at the industrial scale. As more phosphorylase enzymes are discovered, access to further difficult to synthesise glycosides will be enabled. Herein we review reported phosphorylase enzymes and the glycoside products that they have been used to synthesise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis C O'Neill
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Wang YL, Chow SY, Lin YT, Hsieh YC, Lee GC, Liaw SH. Structures of trehalose synthase from Deinococcus radiodurans reveal that a closed conformation is involved in catalysis of the intramolecular isomerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:3144-54. [PMID: 25478833 PMCID: PMC4257617 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714022500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of the wild type and the N253A mutant of trehalose synthase from D. radiodurans in complex with the inhibitor Tris have been determined at 2.7 and 2.21 Å resolution, respectively, and they display a closed conformation for catalysis of the intramolecular isomerization. Trehalose synthase catalyzes the simple conversion of the inexpensive maltose into trehalose with a side reaction of hydrolysis. Here, the crystal structures of the wild type and the N253A mutant of Deinococcus radiodurans trehalose synthase (DrTS) in complex with the inhibitor Tris are reported. DrTS consists of a catalytic (β/α)8 barrel, subdomain B, a C-terminal β domain and two TS-unique subdomains (S7 and S8). The C-terminal domain and S8 contribute the majority of the dimeric interface. DrTS shares high structural homology with sucrose hydrolase, amylosucrase and sucrose isomerase in complex with sucrose, in particular a virtually identical active-site architecture and a similar substrate-induced rotation of subdomain B. The inhibitor Tris was bound and mimics a sugar at the −1 subsite. A maltose was modelled into the active site, and subsequent mutational analysis suggested that Tyr213, Glu320 and Glu324 are essential within the +1 subsite for the TS activity. In addition, the interaction networks between subdomains B and S7 seal the active-site entrance. Disruption of such networks through the replacement of Arg148 and Asn253 with alanine resulted in a decrease in isomerase activity by 8–9-fold and an increased hydrolase activity by 1.5–1.8-fold. The N253A structure showed a small pore created for water entry. Therefore, our DrTS-Tris may represent a substrate-induced closed conformation that will facilitate intramolecular isomerization and minimize disaccharide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Lin Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sih Yao Chow
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ting Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chiao Hsieh
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Guan Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Shwu Huey Liaw
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Rocha JM, Caseli L. Adsorption and enzyme activity of sucrose phosphorylase on lipid Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 116:497-501. [PMID: 24572493 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The production of bioelectronic devices, including biosensors, can be conducted using enzymes immobilized in ultrathin solid films, for which preserving the enzymatic catalytic activity is crucial for optimal performance. In this sense, nanostructured films that allow for control over molecular architectures are of interest. In this paper, we investigate the adsorption of sucrose phosphorylase onto Langmuir monolayers of the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidic acid, which caused the surface pressure isotherms to expand. With polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), the amide bands from the enzyme could be identified, with the C-N and C=O dipole moments lying parallel to the air-water interface. Structuring of the enzyme into an α-helix was noted, and this structure was preserved when the mixed enzyme-phospholipid monolayer was transferred in the form of a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film. The latter was demonstrated with measurements of the catalytic activity of sucrose phosphorylase, which presented the highest enzyme activity for multilayer LB film. The approach presented in this study not only allows for optimized catalytic activity toward sucrose but also permits to explain why certain film architectures exhibit superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Muniz Rocha
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Mapping the acceptor site of sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis by alanine scanning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aerts D, Verhaeghe T, Joosten HJ, Vriend G, Soetaert W, Desmet T. Consensus engineering of sucrose phosphorylase: The outcome reflects the sequence input. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:2563-72. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Aerts
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Tom Verhaeghe
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Henk-Jan Joosten
- Bio-Prodict; Castellastraat 116; Nijmegen; 6512; EZ; The Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; PO Box 9101; Nijmegen; 6500; HB; The Netherlands
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology; Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis; Ghent University; Coupure Links 653; B-9000; Ghent; Belgium
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De Winter K, Soetaert W, Desmet T. An imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregate (iCLEA) of sucrose phosphorylase: combining improved stability with altered specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11333-11342. [PMID: 23109856 PMCID: PMC3472748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial use of sucrose phosphorylase (SP), an interesting biocatalyst for the selective transfer of α-glucosyl residues to various acceptor molecules, has been hampered by a lack of long-term stability and low activity towards alternative substrates. We have recently shown that the stability of the SP from Bifidobacterium adolescentis can be significantly improved by the formation of a cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA). In this work, it is shown that the transglucosylation activity of such a CLEA can also be improved by molecular imprinting with a suitable substrate. To obtain proof of concept, SP was imprinted with α-glucosyl glycerol and subsequently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. As a consequence, the enzyme's specific activity towards glycerol as acceptor substrate was increased two-fold while simultaneously providing an exceptional stability at 60 °C. This procedure can be performed in an aqueous environment and gives rise to a new enzyme formulation called iCLEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel De Winter
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Wim Soetaert
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Tom Desmet
- Centre of Expertise for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent B-9000, Belgium; E-Mails: (K.D.W.); (W.S.)
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Wildberger P, Todea A, Nidetzky B. Probing enzyme–substrate interactions at the catalytic subsite ofLeuconostoc mesenteroidessucrose phosphorylase with site-directed mutagenesis: the roles of Asp49and Arg395. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.674720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Enzymatic characteristics of cellobiose phosphorylase from Ruminococcus albus NE1 and kinetic mechanism of unusual substrate inhibition in reverse phosphorolysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:812-8. [PMID: 22484959 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose phosphorylase (CBP) catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of cellobiose to produce α-D-glucopyranosyl phosphate (Glc1P) and D-glucose. It is an essential enzyme for the metabolism of cello-oligosaccharides in a ruminal bacterium, Ruminococcus albus. In this study, recombinant R. albus CBP (RaCBP) produced in Escherichia coli was characterized. It showed highest activity at pH 6.2 at 50 °C, and was stable in a pH range of 5.5-8.8 and at below 40 °C. It phosphorolyzed only cellobiose efficiently, and the reaction proceeded through a random-ordered bi bi mechanism, by which inorganic phosphate and cellobiose bind in random order and D-glucose is released before Glc1P. In the synthetic reaction, RaCBP showed highest activity to D-glucose, followed by 6-deoxy-D-glucose. D-Mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-glucosamine, D-xylose, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and gentiobiose also served as acceptors, although the activities for them were much lower than for D-glucose. D-Glucose acted as a competitive-uncompetitive inhibitor of the reverse synthetic reaction, which bound not only the Glc1P site (competitive) but also the ternary enzyme-Glc1P-D-glucose complex (uncompetitive).
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50
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Cerdobbel A, De Winter K, Aerts D, Kuipers R, Joosten HJ, Soetaert W, Desmet T. Increasing the thermostability of sucrose phosphorylase by a combination of sequence- and structure-based mutagenesis. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:829-34. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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