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Gumel A, Annuar M, Heidelberg T. Enzymatic synthesis of 6-O-glucosyl-poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) in organic solvents and their binary mixture. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:127-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma L. Nayak
- a Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Ryu K, McEldoon JP, Pokora AR, Cyrus W, Dordick JS. Numerical and Monte Carlo simulations of phenolic polymerizations catalyzed by peroxidase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2010; 42:807-14. [PMID: 18613127 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerical and Monte Carlo simulations of horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed phenolic polymerizations have been performed. Kinetic constants for the simulations were fit to data from the oxidation and polymerization of bisphenol A. Simulations of peroxidase-catalyzed phenolic polymerization were run as a function of enzyme concentration and radical transfer and radical coupling rate constants. Predictions were performed with respect to conversion vs. time and number average molecular weight and polydispersity vs. conversion. It is shown that the enzymatic polymerization of phenols can be optimized with respect to high molecular weights by employing low enzyme concentrations and phenols with low radical coupling rate constants coupled with relatively high radical transfer rate constants. Such phenols may be identified by using linear free energy relationships that relate radical reactivity to electron donating/withdrawing potential of the phenolic substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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6
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Abstract
Catalytic activity of lipases (from Rhizopus arrhizus, Canadida rugosa, and Pseudomonas sp. was studied in organic media, mainly diisopropyl ether. The effect of water activity (a(w)) on V(max) showed that the enzyme activity in general increased with increasing amounts of water for the three enzymes. This was shown both for esterification and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by R. arrhizus lipase. In the esterification reaction the K(m) for the acid substrate showed a slight increase with increasing water activities. On the other hand, the K(m) for the alcohol substrate increased 10-20-fold with increasing water activity. The relative changes in K(m) were shown to be independent of the enzyme studied and solvent used. The effect was attributed to the increasing competition of water as a nucleophile for the acyl-enzyme at higher water activities. In a hydrolysis reaction the K(m) for the ester was also shown to increase as the water activity increased. The effect of water in this case was due to the fact that increased concentration of one substrate (water), and thereby increased saturation of the enzyme, will increase the apparent K(m) of the substrate (ester) to be determined. This explained why the hydrolysis rate decreased with increasing water activity at a fixed, low ester concentration. The apparent V(max) for R. arrhizus lipase was similar in four of six different solvents that were tested; exceptions were toulene and trichloroethylene, which showed lower values. The apparent K(m) for the alcohol in the solvents correlated with the hydrophobicity of the solvent, hydrophobic solvents giving lower apparent K(m). (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 798-806, 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wehtje
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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7
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Ryu K, Mceldoon JP, Dordick JS. Kinetic Characterization Of A Fungal Peroxidase FromCoprinus CinereusIn Aqueous And Organic Media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429509040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Wehtje E, Adlercreutz P, Mattiasson B. Reaction Kinetics of Immobilized α Chymotrypsin in Organic Media 2. Effects of Substrate Partition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429308997677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Wehtje
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bo Mattiasson
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Univ. of Lund, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Tawaki S, Klibanov AM. Chemoselectivity of Enzymes in Anhydrous Media is Strongly Solvent Dependent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429309030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichirou Tawaki
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alexander M. Klibanov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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10
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Nikolova P, Ward OP. Reductive Biotransformation of Benzaldehyde Derivatives by Baker's Yeast in Non-Conventional Media: Effect of Substrate Hydrophobicity on the Biocatalytic Reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242429408992132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penka Nikolova
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Owen P. Ward
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
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Konash A, Magner E. Characterization of an organic phase peroxide biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized in Eastman AQ. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:116-23. [PMID: 16469491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to their frequent occurrence in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, and their poor solubility in water, the detection of peroxides in organic solvents has aroused significant interest. For diagnostics or on-site testing, a fast and specific experimental approach is required. Although aqueous peroxide biosensors are well known, they are usually not suitable for nonaqueous applications due to their instability. Here we describe an organic phase biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized in an Eastman AQ 55 polymer matrix. Rotating disc amperometry was used to examine the effect of the solvent properties, the amount and pH of added buffer, the concentration of peroxide and ferrocene dimethanol, and the amount of Eastman AQ 55 and of enzyme on the response of the biosensor to hydrogen peroxide. The response of the biosensor was limited by diffusion. Linear responses (with detection limits to hydrogen peroxide given in parentheses) were obtained in methanol (1.2 microM), ethanol (0.6 microM), 1-propanol (2.8 microM), acetone (1.4 microM), acetonitrile (2.6 microM), and ethylene glycol (13.6 microM). The rate of diffusion of ferrocene dimethanol was more constrained than the rate of diffusion of hydrogen peroxide, resulting in a comparatively narrow linear range. The main advantages of the sensor are its ease of use and a high degree of reproducibility, together with good operational and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassija Konash
- Material and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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12
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Acevedo DF, Miras MC, Barbero CA. Solid Support for High-Throughput Screening of Conducting Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:513-6. [PMID: 16004490 DOI: 10.1021/cc049810n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Acevedo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800-Río Cuarto, Argentina
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jegan Roy
- Biochemical Processing Section, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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14
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Brusova Z, Ferapontova E, Sakharov I, Magner E, Gorton L. Bioelectrocatalysis of Plant Peroxidases Immobilized on Graphite in Aqueous and Mixed Solvent Media. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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A comparison of the activities of three β-galactosidases in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Trani M, Ducret A, Lortie R. Influence of water-miscible solvents on hydrolytic activity of crude almond β-glucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Enzyme catalyzed esterification reactions have found many applications, ranging from the modification of vegetable oils for human consumption to the production of optically pure chemicals. To displace the equilibrium in favor of synthesis, rather than hydrolysis, these reactions are performed in non-aqueous or microaqueous media. The influence of the amount of water, and of the nature of organic solvent, are new parameters to consider in the optimization of industrial processes. They also add a new perspective to our knowledge of the functioning of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lortie
- Bioprocess Research and Development, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H4P 2R2, Canada
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Tsuzuki W, Ue A, Nagao A. Polar organic solvent added to an aqueous solution changes hydrolytic property of lipase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:1660-6. [PMID: 12951497 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For developing further uses of lipase as a biocatalyst, its hydrolytic activity toward some esters was investigated in a miscible solution composed of a buffer and a polar organic solvent. Twenty percent dimethylformamide, 35% dimethylsulfoxide, 15% 1,4-dioxane, 15% dimethoxyethane, and 2% diethoxyethane promoted the hydrolysis by a lipase from Rhizomucor miehei toward some hydrophobic substrates, 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate, 4-methylumbelliferyl palmitate, and monoolein. While hydrolysis by this lipase toward the substrates with a relatively weak hydrophobicity (4-metylumbelliferyl heptanoate and 4-methylumbelliferyl nanoate) was suppressed by these solvents. A fluorometric analysis showed that the polar organic solvent in the buffer induced some conformational change around a tryptophan residue of R. miehei lipase. In addition to the influence of the miscible solvent on the solubility of the substrates, the conformational change of the protein induced by the miscible solvent would also affect the reactive properties of the lipase. Adding a polar organic solvent to an aqueous solution will be an efficient method for changing hydrolytic performance of lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Tsuzuki
- National Food Research Institute, Kannondai 2-1-12, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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19
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Bindhu L, Emilia Abraham T. Preparation and kinetic studies of surfactant–horseradish peroxidase ion paired complex in organic media. Biochem Eng J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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De Luca L, Giacomelli G, Porcheddu A, Salaris M, Taddei M. Cellulose beads: a new versatile solid support for microwave- assisted synthesis. Preparation of pyrazole and isoxazole libraries. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:465-71. [PMID: 12857115 DOI: 10.1021/cc0201187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of libraries of substituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles has been developed via in situ generation of polymer-bound enaminones. The synthetic protocol makes use of commercially available aniline cellulose, a low-cost and versatile biopolymer, under very mild conditions. This new support allowed us to carry out reactions in polar solvents under both conventional heating and MW irradiation without degradation of the polymer. The reaction between cellulose-bound enaminone and hydroxylamine or hydrazines to afford the target heterocycles in high yields directly in solution is the key step. The support can be conveniently recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Sivakolundu SG, Mabrouk PA. Structure-function relationship of reduced cytochrome c probed by complete solution structure determination in 30% acetonitrile/water solution. J Biol Inorg Chem 2003; 8:527-539. [PMID: 12764601 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-002-0437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2002] [Accepted: 12/03/2002] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The complete solution structure of ferrocytochrome c in 30% acetonitrile/70% water has been determined using high-field 1D and 2D (1)H NMR methods and deposited in the Protein Data Bank with codes 1LC1 and 1LC2. This is the first time a complete solution protein structure has been determined for a protein in nonaqueous media. Ferrocyt c retains a native protein secondary structure (five alpha-helices and two omega loops) in 30% acetonitrile. H18 and M80 residues are the axial heme ligands, as in aqueous solution. Residues believed to be axial heme ligands in the alkaline-like conformers of ferricyt c, specifically H33 and K72, are positioned close to the heme iron. The orientations of both heme propionates are markedly different in 30% acetonitrile/70% water. Comparative structural analysis of reduced cyt c in 30% acetonitrile/70% water solution with cyt c in different environments has given new insight into the cyt c folding mechanism, the electron transfer pathway, and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Ann Mabrouk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Wu Z, Ercole F, FitzGerald M, Perera S, Riley P, Campbell R, Pham Y, Rea P, Sandanayake S, Mathieu MN, Bray AM, Ede NJ. Synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on hydrophilic polyamide SynPhase lanterns. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:166-71. [PMID: 12625708 DOI: 10.1021/cc020057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis is greatly dependent on the solid support. Here, we report the use of a new hydrophilic grafted surface on SynPhase lanterns in solid-phase organic chemistry. A convenient and facile solid-phase synthesis of disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on polyamide SynPhase lanterns is described. The key step of the synthesis involved a reduction-cyclization of a nitroaryl methyl ester with a mixture of tin(II) chloride dihydrate and ammonium acetate in water and ethanol at elevated temperature to give the desired target compounds. A library of 21 disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Wu
- Mimotopes Pty Ltd, 11 Duerdin Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
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23
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Kermasha S, Bao H, Bisakowski B, Yaylayan V. Characterization of the biocatalysis of tyrosinase in selected organic solvent media using model phenolic substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Mita N, Tawaki SI, Uyama H, Kobayashi S. Structural Control in Enzymatic Oxidative Polymerization of Phenols with Varying the Solvent and Substituent Nature. CHEM LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Kamiya N, Nagamune T. Effect of water activity control on the catalytic performance of surfactant–Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase complex in toluene. Biochem Eng J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(01)00162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Wang B, Dong S. Organic-phase enzyme electrode for phenolic determination based on a functionalized sol–gel composite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Tuena de Gómez-Puyou M, Pérez-Hernández G, Gómez-Puyou A. Synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP and the phosphate-ATP exchange reaction in soluble mitochondrial F1 in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 266:691-6. [PMID: 10561614 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In medium containing 40% dimethylsulfoxide, soluble F1 catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP introduced at concentrations lower than that of the enzyme [Al-Shawi, M.K. & Senior, A.E. (1992), Biochemistry 31, 886-891]. At this concentration of dimethylsulfoxide, soluble F1 also catalyzes the spontaneous synthesis of a tightly bound ATP to a level of approximately 0.15 mol per mol F1 [Gómez-Puyou, A., Tuena de Gómez-Puyou, M. & de Meis, L. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 159, 133-140]. The mechanisms that allow soluble F1 to carry out these apparently opposing reactions were studied. The rate of hydrolysis of ATP bound to F1 under uni-site conditions and that of synthesis of ATP were markedly similar, indicating that the two ATP molecules lie in equivalent high affinity catalytic sites. The number of enzyme molecules that have ATP at the high affinity catalytic site under conditions of synthesis or uni-site hydrolysis is less than the total number of enzyme molecules. Therefore, it was hypothesized that when the enzyme was treated with dimethylsulfoxide, a fraction of the F1 population carried out synthesis and another hydrolysis. Indeed, measurements of the two reactions under identical conditions showed that different fractions of the F1 population carried out simultaneously synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP. The reactions continued until an equilibrium level between F1.ADP + Pi <--> F1.ATP was established. At equilibrium, about 15% of the enzyme population was in the form F1.ATP. The DeltaG degrees of the reaction with 0.54 microM F1, 2 mM Pi and 10 mM Mg2+ at pH 6.8 was -2.7 kcal.mol-1 in favor of F1.ATP. The DeltaG degrees of the reaction did not exhibit important variations with Pi concentration; thus, the reaction was in thermodynamic equilibrium. In contrast, DeltaG degrees became significantly less negative as the concentration of dimethylsulfoxide was decreased. In water, the reaction was far to the left. The equilibrium constant of the reaction diminished linearly with an increase in water activity. The effect of solvent is fully reversible. In comparison to other enzymes, F1 seems unique in that solvent controls the equilibrium that exists within an enzyme population. This results from the effect of solvent on the partition of Pi between the catalytic site and the medium, and the large energetic barrier that prevents release of ATP from the catalytic site. In the presence of dimethylsulfoxide and Pi, ATP is continuously hydrolyzed and synthesized with formation and uptake of Pi from the medium. This process is essentially an exchange reaction analogous to the phosphate-ATP exchange reaction that is catalyzed by the ATP synthase in coupled energy transducing membranes.
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28
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Dai L, Klibanov AM. Striking activation of oxidative enzymes suspended in nonaqueous media. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:9475-8. [PMID: 10449717 PMCID: PMC22233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.17.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of four lyophilized oxidative enzymes-horseradish peroxidase, soybean peroxidase, Caldariomyces fumago chloroperoxidase, and mushroom polyphenol oxidase-is much lower when directly suspended in organic solvents containing little water than when they are introduced into the same largely nonaqueous media by first dissolving them in water and then diluting with anhydrous solvents. The lower the water content of the medium, the greater this discrepancy becomes. The mechanism of this phenomenon was found to arise from reversible denaturation of the oxidases on lyophilization: because of its conformational rigidity, the denatured enzyme exhibits very limited activity when directly suspended in largely nonaqueous media but renatures and thus yields much higher activity if first redissolved in water. Two independent means were discovered for dramatically minimizing the lyophilization-induced inactivation, both involving the addition of certain types of excipients to the aqueous enzyme solution before lyophilization. The first group of excipients consists of phenolic and aniline substrates as well as other hydrophobic compounds; these presumably bind to the hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme active site, thereby preventing its collapse during dehydration. The second group consists of general lyoprotectants such as polyols and polyethylen glycol that apparently preserve the overall enzyme structure during dehydration. The activation effects of such excipients can reach into the tens and hundreds of fold. Moreover, the activations afforded by the two excipient groups are additive, resulting in up to a complete protection against lyophilization-induced inactivation when representatives of the two are present together.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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29
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Michon T, Wang W, Ferrasson E, Gueguen J. Wheat prolamine crosslinking through dityrosine formation catalyzed by peroxidases: improvement in the modification of a poorly accessible substrate by "indirect" catalysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 63:449-58. [PMID: 10099625 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990520)63:4<449::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
"Enzyme-assisted" oxidative polymerization of wheat gliadins was performed in an attempt to obtain new protein-based networks. Two plant peroxidases (soybean and horseradish) were used to induce the dimerization of tyrosine residues. The results show that tyrosines are poorly modified by these enzymes in an aqueous medium (dityrosine corresponded to 2% of the total amount of tyrosine). Two approaches were tested to overcome problems relating to accessibility to the target tyrosines: First, the efficiency of protein crosslinking via tyrosine-tyrosine aromatic ring condensation was enhanced in water when the proteins were oxidized by a fungus peroxidase (manganese-dependent peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium), which acts according to an indirect catalysis mechanism (up to 12% of the total amount of tyrosine is recovered under a dimeric form). Second, when the gliadins were dispersed in a water/dioxane (3/1) mixed solvent system, the tyrosines were more accessible on the protein surface, and similar yields were obtained with both types of peroxidase. The two types of catalysis (contact and indirect) are considered from the standpoint of the accessibility of the target residues. Enzymatic oxidations were also performed on synthetic peptides mimicking the repeatitive domains of gliadins. The results show that exposure of tyrosine to the solvent may not be sufficient to induce dityrosine formation. The mechanical properties of some films obtained from peroxidase-treated gliadins were investigated to correlate protein crosslinking with a potential application. One effect of the enzymatic treatment was to increase the tensile strength of the films. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Michon
- Division of Chemical Engineering 210-41 California Institute of Technology 1200E, California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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30
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Rasmussen PH, Ramanujam PS, Hvilsted S, Berg RH. A Remarkably Efficient Azobenzene Peptide for Holographic Information Storage. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981402y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palle H. Rasmussen
- Contribution from the Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - P. S. Ramanujam
- Contribution from the Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Søren Hvilsted
- Contribution from the Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rolf H. Berg
- Contribution from the Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J. Mesiano
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and the Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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32
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Silica sol-gel immobilized amperometric enzyme electrode for peroxide determination in the organic phase. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Ducret A, Trani M, Lortie R. Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen in organic solvents under controlled water activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(97)00180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Activity, stability, and conformation of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-subtilisin at different concentrations of water in dioxane. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 54:50-7. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970405)54:1<50::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Effects of water-miscible organic solvents on the reaction of lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(96)00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Ikeda R, Sugihara J, Uyama H, Kobayashi S. Enzymatic Oxidative Polymerization of 2,6-Dimethylphenol. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma961055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Ikeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-77, Japan
| | - Junji Sugihara
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-77, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-77, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-77, Japan
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Marko-Varga G, Burestedt E, Svensson CJ, Emnéus J, Gorton L, Ruzgas T, Lutz M, Unger KK. Effect of HY-zeolites on the performance of tyrosinase-modified carbon paste electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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WANG SHUNGUANG, LIU WEI, Ji XINSONG, MA LIN, Li TIEJIN, YUAN ZHONGYI. Stopped-Flow, Pre-Steady-State Kinetic Study of Horseradish Peroxidase Catalysis in Nonaqueous Media. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Modification of horseradish peroxidase with bifunctional n-hydroxysuccinimide esters: Effects on molecular stability. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Kempe M, Barany G. CLEAR: A Novel Family of Highly Cross-Linked Polymeric Supports for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis1,2. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja954196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kempe
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - George Barany
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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41
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42
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Janssen AE, Vaidya AM, Halling PJ. Substrate specificity and kinetics of Candida rugosa lipase in organic media. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996; 18:340-6. [PMID: 8882001 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid specificity of lipase from Candida rugosa during the esterification of saturated fatty acids and sulcatol in toluene has been studied. The true kinetic parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental data to a Ping-Pong kinetic model that includes alcohol inhibition. The fitted parameter values are compared with apparent values that would be obtained from restricted data sets in which one of the substrate concentrations was kept constant. It has been found that in reactions inhibited by alcohol the true Ping-Pong parameters can be significantly different from the apparent ones. Corrections for solvation are made by using activities instead of concentrations to fit the kinetic parameters. Though activity coefficients, estimated using the UNIFAC group contribution method, vary by over 25% for changing concentrations in the same solvent, their use did not improve the fit to the data. This contrasts with what has been found in comparisons of different solvents, where the differences in activity coefficients are much larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Janssen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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43
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van Tol JBA, Stevens RMM, Veldhuizen WJ, Jongejan JA, Duine JA. Do organic solvents affect the catalytic properties of lipase? Intrinsic kinetic parameters of lipases in ester hydrolysis and formation in various organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 1995; 47:71-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260470109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Abstract
The discovery that enzymes possess catalytic activity in organic solvents has made it possible to address the question of the influence of the reaction medium on enzymatic specificity. Recently, the substrate specificity, enantioselectivity, prochiral selectivity, regioselectivity, and chemoselectivity of enzymes have been found to dramatically depend on the nature of the solvent. This review discusses the scope, possible mechanisms, and implications of this phenomenon, as well as directions of future research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Wescott
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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45
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Ryu K, Kim J, Dordick JS. Catalytic properties and potential of an extracellular protease from an extreme halophile. Enzyme Microb Technol 1994; 16:266-75. [PMID: 7764632 DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)90165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular protease has been isolated and partially purified from the extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium (ATCC 43214). The major enzyme component has a M(r) of 66,000 and is highly dependent upon salt concentrations near saturation for catalytic activity and stability. In aqueous solutions, a decrease in the NaCl concentration from 4 to 1 M results in an increase of nearly three orders of magnitude in the first-order rate constant of inactivation at 30 degrees C. Salt effects the stability of the enzyme in a cooperative manner, with a Hill coefficient of 4.1, which is similar to that of other enzymes from extreme halophiles. The enzyme activity is dramatically affected by the salt concentration, with a loss of 2.5 orders of magnitude in kcat/Km in going from 4 to 0 M NaCl. This loss in catalytic efficiency is primarily due to a dramatic increase in the Km for the substrate in low-salt media. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that this Km increase was mainly the result of increased solubility of the synthetic peptide substrate in low-salt media, which dramatically increases the ground-state stability of the substrate. This results in an effectively reduced substrate partitioning from the bulk solution into the enzyme's active site and an increased value of Km. The halophilic protease is also active in DMF/water mixtures, albeit with novel catalytic properties. In 33% (v/v) DMF in aqueous buffer, the esterase activity of the enzyme is ca. 80-fold higher than the corresponding amidase activity. This contrasts to the situation in pure aqueous buffer, in which the esterase activity is only fourfold higher than the amidase activity. The increased esterase activity relative to amidase activity prompted us to investigate the use of the protease in kinetically controlled peptide synthesis. The enzyme has a broad acyl donor substrate specificity and can effectively use amino acid esters of Phe, Tyr, Trp, Ser, Gly, and Ala. The enzyme is significantly more selective for the amino acid amide, preferring Gly in the P'1 site. A series of glycine-containing oligopeptides have been prepared in yields up to 76% without degradation due to secondary hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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46
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Uyama H, Kurioka H, Kaneko I, Kobayashi S. Synthesis of a New Family of Phenol Resin by Enzymatic Oxidative Polymerization. CHEM LETT 1994. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1994.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Burton SG, Duncan JR, Kaye PT, Rose PD. Activity of mushroom polyphenol oxidase in organic medium. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 42:938-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242
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49
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Chatterjee S, Russell AJ. Determination of equilibrium and individual rate constants for subtilisin-catalyzed transesterification in anhydrous environments. Biotechnol Bioeng 1992; 40:1069-77. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260400910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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DORDICK JONATHANS. Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Approaches to Polymer Synthesis and Modification. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb35645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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