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Tran NT, Penny TR, Chan KY, Tang T, Papagianis PC, Sepehrizadeh T, Nekkanti L, Zahra VA, Pham Y, Yawno T, Nitsos I, Kelly SB, Thiel AM, de Veer M, Alahmari DM, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Miller SL, Galinsky R, Polglase GR, McDonald CA. Early administration of umbilical cord blood cells following brief high tidal volume ventilation in preterm sheep: a cautionary tale. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:121. [PMID: 38720368 PMCID: PMC11077893 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells are a promising treatment for preterm brain injury. Access to allogeneic sources of UCB cells offer the potential for early administration to optimise their therapeutic capacities. As preterm infants often require ventilatory support, which can contribute to preterm brain injury, we investigated the efficacy of early UCB cell administration following ventilation to reduce white matter inflammation and injury. METHODS Preterm fetal sheep (0.85 gestation) were randomly allocated to no ventilation (SHAM; n = 5) or 15 min ex utero high tidal volume ventilation. One hour following ventilation, fetuses were randomly allocated to i.v. administration of saline (VENT; n = 7) or allogeneic term-derived UCB cells (24.5 ± 5.0 million cells/kg; VENT + UCB; n = 7). Twenty-four hours after ventilation, lambs were delivered for magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem brain tissue collected. Arterial plasma was collected throughout the experiment for cytokine analyses. To further investigate the results from the in vivo study, mononuclear cells (MNCs) isolated from human UCB were subjected to in vitro cytokine-spiked culture medium (TNFα and/or IFNγ; 10 ng/mL; n = 3/group) for 16 h then supernatant and cells collected for protein and mRNA assessments respectively. RESULTS In VENT + UCB lambs, systemic IFNγ levels increased and by 24 h, there was white matter neuroglial activation, vascular damage, reduced oligodendrocytes, and increased average, radial and mean diffusivity compared to VENT and SHAM. No evidence of white matter inflammation or injury was present in VENT lambs, except for mRNA downregulation of OCLN and CLDN1 compared to SHAM. In vitro, MNCs subjected to TNFα and/or IFNγ displayed both pro- and anti-inflammatory characteristics indicated by changes in cytokine (IL-18 & IL-10) and growth factor (BDNF & VEGF) gene and protein expression compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS UCB cells administered early after brief high tidal volume ventilation in preterm fetal sheep causes white matter injury, and the mechanisms underlying these changes are likely dysregulated responses of the UCB cells to the degree of injury/inflammation already present. If immunomodulatory therapies such as UCB cells are to become a therapeutic strategy for preterm brain injury, especially after ventilation, our study suggests that the inflammatory state of the preterm infant should be considered when timing UCB cells administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi T Tran
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tayla R Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyra Yy Chan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tanya Tang
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paris C Papagianis
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Sepehrizadeh
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Nekkanti
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie A Zahra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharmony B Kelly
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison M Thiel
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dhafer M Alahmari
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Kind Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Jithoo A, Penny TR, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Smith MJ, Petraki M, Fahey MC, Jenkin G, Malhotra A, Miller SL, McDonald CA. The Temporal Relationship between Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Microglial Response following Neonatal Hypoxia Ischemia. Cells 2024; 13:660. [PMID: 38667275 PMCID: PMC11049639 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuroinflammation are key mechanisms of brain injury. We performed a time-course study following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) to characterize these events. HI brain injury was induced in postnatal day 10 rats by single carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 90 min). At 6, 12, 24, and 72 h (h) post-HI, brains were collected to assess neuropathology and BBB dysfunction. A significant breakdown of the BBB was observed in the HI injury group compared to the sham group from 6 h in the cortex and hippocampus (p < 0.001), including a significant increase in albumin extravasation (p < 0.0033) and decrease in basal lamina integrity and tight-junction proteins. There was a decrease in resting microglia (p < 0.0001) transitioning to an intermediate state from as early as 6 h post-HI, with the intermediate microglia peaking at 12 h (p < 0.0001), which significantly correlated to the peak of microbleeds. Neonatal HI insult leads to significant brain injury over the first 72 h that is mediated by BBB disruption within 6 h and a transitioning state of the resident microglia. Key BBB events coincide with the appearance of the intermediate microglial state and this relationship warrants further research and may be a key target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Jithoo
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tayla R. Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madeleine J. Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Maria Petraki
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (A.J.); (T.R.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (M.J.S.); (G.J.); (A.M.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Nguyen NT, Nguyen T, Vu GV, Truong N, Pham Y, Guevara Alvarez G, Armstrong-Hough M, Shelley D. Depression and associated factors among HIV-positive smokers receiving care at HIV outpatient clinics in Vietnam: a cross-sectional analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077015. [PMID: 38355191 PMCID: PMC10868293 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) who were current cigarette smokers and receiving treatment at HIV outpatient clinics (OPCs) in Vietnam. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey of smokers living with HIV. SETTING The study was carried out in 13 HIV OPCs located in Ha Noi, Vietnam. PARTICIPANTS The study included 527 PLWH aged 18 and above who were smokers and were receiving treatment at HIV OPCs. OUTCOME MEASURES The study used the Centre for Epidemiology Scale for Depression to assess depressive symptoms. The associations between depressive symptoms, tobacco dependence and other characteristics were explored using bivariate and Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among smokers living with HIV was 38.3%. HIV-positive smokers who were female (prevalence ratio, PR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.22), unmarried (PR 2.06, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.76), had a higher level of tobacco dependence (PR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.11) and reported their health as fair or poor (PR 1.66, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.26) were more likely to have depression symptoms compared with HIV-positive smokers who were male, married, had a lower level of tobacco dependence and self-reported their health as good, very good or excellent. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depressive symptoms among smokers receiving HIV care at HIV OPCs was high. Both depression and tobacco use screening and treatment should be included as part of ongoing care treatment plans at HIV OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nga Truong
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Yen Pham
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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Malhotra A, Rocha AKAA, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, Nitsos I, Pham Y, Jenkin G, Castillo-Melendez M, Miller SL. Neuroprotective effects of maternal melatonin administration in early-onset placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03027-4. [PMID: 38225450 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with adverse outcomes. We hypothesised that maternal melatonin administration will improve fetal brain structure in FGR. METHODS Surgery was performed on twin-bearing ewes at 88 days (0.6 gestation), and FGR induced in one twin via single umbilical artery ligation. Melatonin was administered intravenously (6 mg/day) to a group of ewes commencing on day of surgery until 127 days (0.85 gestation), when the ewe/fetuses were euthanized, and fetal brains collected. RESULTS Study groups were control (n = 5), FGR (n = 5), control+melatonin (control+MLT; n = 6) and FGR+melatonin (FGR + MLT; n = 6). Melatonin administration did not significantly alter fetal body or brain weights. Myelin (CNPase+) fibre density was reduced in FGR vs. control animals in most brain regions examined (p < 0.05) and melatonin treatment restored CNPase fibre density. Similar but less pronounced effect was seen with mature myelin (MBP+) staining. Significant differences in activated microglia (Iba-1) activity were seen between lamb groups (MLT mitigated FGR effect) in periventricular white matter, subventricular zone and external capsule (p < 0.05). Similar effects were seen in astrogliosis (GFAP) in intragyral white matter and cortex. CONCLUSIONS Maternal melatonin administration in early onset FGR led to improved myelination of white matter brain regions, possibly mediated by decreased inflammation. IMPACT Maternal melatonin administration might lead to neuroprotection in the growth-restricted fetus, possibly via dampening neuroinflammation and enhancing myelination. This preclinical study adds to the body of work on this topic, and informs clinical translation. Neuroprotection likely to improve long-term outcomes of this vulnerable infant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Anna K A A Rocha
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rock CR, White TA, Piscopo BR, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Camm EJ, Sehgal A, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Allison BJ. Cardiovascular decline in offspring during the perinatal period in an ovine model of fetal growth restriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1266-H1278. [PMID: 37773057 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Placental insufficiency and subsequent chronic fetal hypoxemia are causal factors for FGR, leading to a redistribution of blood flow that prioritizes vital organs. Subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction are evident in growth-restricted neonates; however, the mechanisms programming for CVD in adulthood remain unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential mechanisms underlying structural and functional changes within the heart and essential (carotid) and nonessential (femoral) vascular beds in growth-restricted lambs. Placental insufficiency was surgically induced in ewes at 89 days gestational age (dGA, term = 148dGA). Three age groups were investigated: fetal (126dGA), newborn (24 h after preterm birth), and 4-wk-old lambs. In vivo and histological assessments of cardiovascular indices were undertaken. Resistance femoral artery function was assessed via in vitro wire myography and blockade of key vasoactive pathways including nitric oxide, prostanoids, and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization. All lambs were normotensive throughout the first 4 wk of life. Overall, the FGR cohort had more globular hearts compared with controls (P = 0.0374). A progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation was demonstrated in FGR lambs compared with controls. Further investigation revealed that impairment of the prostanoid pathway may drive this reduction in vasodilatory capacity. Clinical indicators of CVD were not observed in our FGR lambs. However, subclinical signs of cardiovascular dysfunction were present in our FGR offspring. This study provides insight into potential mechanisms, such as the prostanoid pathway, that may warrant therapeutic interventions to improve cardiovascular development in growth-restricted newborns.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings provide novel insight into the potential mechanisms that program for cardiovascular dysfunction in growth-restricted neonates as our growth-restricted lambs exhibited a progressive decline in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the femoral artery between birth and 4 wk of age. Subsequent analyses indicated that this reduction in vasodilatory capacity is likely to be mediated by the prostanoid pathway and prostanoids could be a potential target for therapeutic interventions for fetal growth restriction (FGR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine R Rock
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tegan A White
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth R Piscopo
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Camm
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Smith MJ, Penny T, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Paton MCB, Finch-Edmondson M, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Neuroprotective Action of Tacrolimus before and after Onset of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats. Cells 2023; 12:2659. [PMID: 37998394 PMCID: PMC10669941 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neonatal brain injury can lead to permanent neurodevelopmental impairments. Notably, suppressing inflammatory pathways may reduce damage. To determine the role of neuroinflammation in the progression of neonatal brain injury, we investigated the effect of treating neonatal rat pups with the immunosuppressant tacrolimus at two time points: before and after hypoxic-ischaemic (HI)-induced injury. (2) Methods: To induce HI injury, postnatal day (PND) 10 rat pups underwent single carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 90 min). Pups received daily tacrolimus (or a vehicle) starting either 3 days before HI on PND 7 (pre-HI), or 12 h after HI (post-HI). Four doses were tested: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg/day. Pups were euthanised at PND 17 or PND 50. (3) Results: All tacrolimus doses administered pre-HI significantly reduced brain infarct size and neuronal loss, increased the number of resting microglia and reduced cellular apoptosis (p < 0.05 compared to control). In contrast, only the highest dose of tacrolimus administered post-HI (0.25 mg/kg/day) reduced brain infarct size (p < 0.05). All doses of tacrolimus reduced pup weight compared to the controls. (4) Conclusions: Tacrolimus administration 3 days pre-HI was neuroprotective, likely mediated through neuroinflammatory and cell death pathways. Tacrolimus post-HI may have limited capacity to reduce brain injury, with higher doses increasing rat pup mortality. This work highlights the benefits of targeting neuroinflammation during the acute injurious period. More specific targeting of neuroinflammation, e.g., via T-cells, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J. Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tayla Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madison C. B. Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.C.B.P.); (M.F.-E.)
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (M.J.S.); (T.P.); (Y.P.); (A.E.S.); (G.J.); (M.C.F.); (S.L.M.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Vidinopoulos K, Azman Z, Somers A, Zahra VA, Thiel A, Lu H, Pham Y, Tran NT, Allison BJ, Herlenius E, Hooper S, Galinsky R, Polglase GR. Mechanical ventilation induces brainstem inflammation in preterm fetal sheep. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1225294. [PMID: 37936886 PMCID: PMC10626530 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1225294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm infants have immature respiratory drive and often require prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation. Prolonged mechanical ventilation induces systemic inflammation resulting in ventilation-induced brain injury, however its effect on brainstem respiratory centers is unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of 24 h of mechanical ventilation on inflammation and injury in brainstem respiratory centres of preterm fetal sheep. Methods Preterm fetal sheep at 110 ± 1 days (d) gestation were instrumented to provide mechanical ventilation in utero. At 112 ± 1 d gestation, fetuses received either mechanical ventilation (VENT; n = 7; 3 ml/kg) for 24 h, or no ventilation (CONT; n = 6). At post-mortem, fetal brainstems were collected for assessment of mRNA and histological markers of inflammation and injury. Results In utero ventilation (IUV) did not alter any blood-gas parameters. IUV significantly increased systemic IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations over the 24 h period compared to CONT. The number of ameboid microglia within the nucleus tractus solitarius and the raphe nucleus increased in VENT fetuses (p < 0.05 for both vs. control). The % area fraction of GFAP + staining was not significantly higher within the preBötzinger complex (p = 0.067) and retrotrapezoid nucleus and parafacial respiratory group (p = 0.057) in VENT fetuses compared to CONT. Numbers of caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cells were similar between groups. Gene expression (mRNA) levels of inflammation, injury, cell death and prostaglandin synthesis within the brainstem were similar between groups. Conclusion Mechanical ventilation induces a systemic inflammatory response with only moderate inflammatory effects within the brainstem respiratory centres of preterm fetal sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Vidinopoulos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zahrah Azman
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainsley Somers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie A. Zahra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison Thiel
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Lu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nhi Thao Tran
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stuart Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Ahmadzadeh E, Dudink I, Walker DW, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Stojanovska V, Polglase GR, Miller SL, Allison BJ. The medullary serotonergic centres involved in cardiorespiratory control are disrupted by fetal growth restriction. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37641535 DOI: 10.1113/jp284971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory complications after birth and beyond. Despite research showing a range of neurological changes following FGR, little is known about how FGR affects the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres. The primary neurons that release serotonin reside in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres and may be affected by FGR. At two time points in the last trimester of sheep brain development, 110 and 127 days of gestation (0.74 and 0.86 of gestation), we assessed histopathological alterations in the brainstem cardiorespiratory control centres of the pons and medulla in early-onset FGR versus control fetal sheep. The FGR cohort were hypoxaemic and asymmetrically growth restricted. Compared to the controls, the brainstem of FGR fetuses exhibited signs of neuropathology, including elevated cell death and reduced cell proliferation, grey and white matter deficits, and evidence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. FGR brainstem pathology was predominantly observed in the medullary raphé nuclei, hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, solitary tract and nucleus of the solitary tract. The FGR groups showed imbalanced brainstem serotonin and serotonin 1A receptor abundance in the medullary raphé nuclei, despite evidence of increased serotonin staining within vascular regions of placentomes collected from FGR fetuses. Our findings demonstrate both early and adaptive brainstem neuropathology in response to placental insufficiency. KEY POINTS: Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) was induced in fetal sheep, resulting in chronic fetal hypoxaemia. Growth-restricted fetuses exhibit persistent neuropathology in brainstem nuclei, characterised by disrupted cell proliferation and reduced neuronal cell number within critical centres responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Elevated brainstem inflammation and oxidative stress suggest potential mechanisms contributing to the observed neuropathological changes. Both placental and brainstem levels of 5-HT were found to be impaired following FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadzadeh
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid Dudink
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Bell A, Watt AP, Dudink I, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Allison BJ, McDonald CA, Castillo-Melendez M, Jenkin G, Malhotra A, Miller SL, Yawno T. Endothelial colony forming cell administration promotes neurovascular unit development in growth restricted and appropriately grown fetal lambs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 36788590 PMCID: PMC9930266 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with deficits in the developing brain, including neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) can mediate improved vascular stability, and have demonstrated potential to enhance vascular development and protection. This investigation examined whether ECFCs from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) enhanced NVU development in FGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetal sheep. METHODS Twin-bearing ewes had surgery performed at 88-90 days' gestation, inducing FGR in one fetus. At 113 days, ECFCs (1 × 107 cells) cultured from human UCB were administered intravenously to fetal sheep in utero. At 127 days, ewes and their fetuses were euthanised, fetal brains collected, and NVU components analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Twenty-four fetal lambs, arranged in four groups: AGA (n = 7), FGR (n = 5), AGA + ECFC (n = 6), and FGR + ECFC (n = 6), were included in analyses. FGR resulted in lower body weight than AGA (P = 0.002) with higher brain/body weight ratio (P = 0.003). ECFC treatment was associated with increased vascular density throughout the brain in both AGA + ECFC and FGR + ECFC groups, as well as increased vascular-astrocyte coverage and VEGF expression in the cortex (P = 0.003, P = 0.0006, respectively) and in the subcortical white matter (P = 0.01, P = 0.0002, respectively) when compared with the untreated groups. CONCLUSIONS ECFC administration enhanced development of NVU components in both the AGA and FGR fetal brain. Further investigation is required to assess how to optimise the enhanced angiogenic capabilities of ECFCs to provide a therapeutic strategy to protect the developing NVU against vulnerabilities associated with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bell
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashalyn P. Watt
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid Dudink
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Graham Jenkin
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- grid.452824.dThe Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia
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Dawson C, Pham A, Shipman C, Lau G, Pham Y. Implementation and expansion of inpatient and ambulatory pharmacist credentialing and privileging at an academic medical center. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023:6972881. [PMID: 36617182 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
DISCLAIMER In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE This article highlights one academic medical center's effort to implement a complete credentialing and privileging (C&P) process for both inpatient and ambulatory clinical pharmacists. SUMMARY The C&P process offers a recognized method to advance pharmacy practice. Credentialing is defined as a process whereby an individual is deemed qualified in a specific subject matter area. Privileging is the process whereby an institution grants authority to an individual to perform services based on credentials. Federal guidelines permit pharmacists to obtain the same level of privileges as professional medical staff, such as physicians, if relevant state laws allow for the corresponding pharmacist scope of practice. States establish laws and regulations that specify the scope of practice for various types of licensed healthcare professionals, including pharmacists. Many health systems have attempted pharmacist C&P practices in both the inpatient and ambulatory care setting with varying degrees of success and reach. Privileged pharmacists provide established benefits and value to other members of the healthcare team. Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) pursued C&P for both inpatient and ambulatory clinical pharmacists. Initiation and implementation processes were complex and accompanied by a variety of challenges. CONCLUSION OHSU operates with advanced pharmacy practice integrated into the interdisciplinary patient care team. Pharmacist C&P allows pharmacists to demonstrate significant clinical benefits and quality improvement in patient care delivery in both inpatient and ambulatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Pham
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Gary Lau
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yen Pham
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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11
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Miller SL, Bennet L, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, McDonald C, Castillo‐Melendez M, Allison BJ, Mihelakis J, Nitsos I, Boyd BJ, Hirst JJ, Walker DW, Hunt RW, Jenkin G, Wong F, Malhotra A, Fahey MC, Yawno T. Ganaxolone versus Phenobarbital for Neonatal Seizure Management. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:1066-1079. [PMID: 36054160 PMCID: PMC9828769 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seizures are more common in the neonatal period than at any other stage of life. Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal seizures and is at best effective in approximately 50% of babies, but may contribute to neuronal injury. Here, we assessed the efficacy of phenobarbital versus the synthetic neurosteroid, ganaxolone, to moderate seizure activity and neuropathology in neonatal lambs exposed to perinatal asphyxia. METHODS Asphyxia was induced via umbilical cord occlusion in term lambs at birth. Lambs were treated with ganaxolone (5mg/kg/bolus then 5mg/kg/day for 2 days) or phenobarbital (20mg/kg/bolus then 5mg/kg/day for 2 days) at 6 hours. Abnormal brain activity was classified as stereotypic evolving (SE) seizures, epileptiform discharges (EDs), and epileptiform transients (ETs) using continuous amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic recordings. At 48 hours, lambs were euthanized for brain pathology. RESULTS Asphyxia caused abnormal brain activity, including SE seizures that peaked at 18 to 20 hours, EDs, and ETs, and induced neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. Ganaxolone treatment was associated with an 86.4% reduction in the number of seizures compared to the asphyxia group. The total seizure duration in the asphyxia+ganaxolone group was less than the untreated asphyxia group. There was no difference in the number of SE seizures between the asphyxia and asphyxia+phenobarbital groups or duration of SE seizures. Ganaxolone treatment, but not phenobarbital, reduced neuronal degeneration within hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, and cortical neurons, and ganaxolone reduced neuroinflammation within the thalamus. INTERPRETATION Ganaxolone provided better seizure control than phenobarbital in this perinatal asphyxia model and was neuroprotective for the newborn brain, affording a new therapeutic opportunity for treatment of neonatal seizures. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1066-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L. Miller
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yen Pham
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Margie Castillo‐Melendez
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jamie Mihelakis
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan J. Hirst
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David W. Walker
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rodney W. Hunt
- Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Flora Wong
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Monash Children's HospitalClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael C. Fahey
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Monash Children's HospitalClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyMonash University and Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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12
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Smith M, Penny T, Sutherland A, Pham Y, Jithoo A, Tsukamoto A, Uchinda N, Hill R, Dunn A, Paton M, Finch-Edmondson M, Jenkin G, Miller S, Fahey M, McDonald C. Tissue Engineering, Embryonic, Organ and Other Tissue Specific Stem Cells: Late Breaking Abstract: IS IMMUNOSUPPRESSION NECESSARY TO PREVENT NEURAL STEM CELL REJECTION IN PERINATAL BRAIN INJURY? Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Dudink I, White TA, Ardalan M, Mallard C, Ballerin G, Creed SJ, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Castillo-Melendez M, Allison BJ, Miller SL. An optimized and detailed step-by-step protocol for the analysis of neuronal morphology in golgi-stained fetal sheep brain. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:344-362. [DOI: 10.1159/000524055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antenatal brain development during the final trimester of human pregnancy is a time when mature neurons become increasingly complex in morphology, through axonal and dendritic outgrowth, dendritic branching, and synaptogenesis, together with myelin production. Characterizing neuronal morphological development over time is of interest to developmental neuroscience and provides the framework to measure grey matter pathology in pregnancy compromise. Neuronal microstructure can be assessed with Golgi staining, which selectively stains a small percentage (1-3%) of neurons and their entire dendritic arbor. Advanced imaging processing and analysis tools can then be employed to quantitate neuronal cytoarchitecture. Traditional Golgi staining protocols have been optimized and commercial kits are readily available offering improved speed and sensitivity of Golgi staining to produce consistent results. Golgi stained tissue is then visualized under light microscopy and image analysis may be completed with several software programs for morphological analysis of neurons, including freeware and commercial products. Each program requires optimization, whether semi-automated or automated, requiring different levels of investigator intervention and interpretation, which is a critical consideration for unbiased analysis. Detailed protocols for fetal ovine brain tissue are lacking and therefore, we provide a step-by-step workflow of computer software analysis for morphometric quantification of Golgi-stained neurons. Here, we utilized the commonly applied FD Rapid GolgiStain kit (FD NeuroTechnologies) on ovine fetal brains collected at 127 days (0.85) gestational age for the analysis of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. We describe the step-by-step protocol to retrieve neuronal morphometrics using Imaris imaging software to provide quantification of apical and basal dendrites for measures of dendrite length (μm), branch number, branch order and Sholl analysis (intersections over radius). We also detail software add-ons for data retrieval of dendritic spines including the number of spines, spine density and spine classification, which are critical indicators of synaptic function. The assessment of neuronal morphology in the developing brain using Rapid-Golgi and Imaris software is labour-intensive, particularly during the optimization period. The methodology described in this step-by-step description is novel, detailed, and aims to provide a reproducible, working protocol to quantify neuronal cytoarchitecture with simple descriptions that will save time for the next users of these commonly used techniques.
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14
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Stojanovska V, Atta J, Kelly SB, Zahra VA, Matthews-Staindl E, Nitsos I, Moxham A, Pham Y, Hooper SB, Herlenius E, Galinsky R, Polglase GR. Increased Prostaglandin E2 in Brainstem Respiratory Centers Is Associated With Inhibition of Breathing Movements in Fetal Sheep Exposed to Progressive Systemic Inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:841229. [PMID: 35309054 PMCID: PMC8928579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm newborns commonly experience apnoeas after birth and require respiratory stimulants and support. Antenatal inflammation is a common antecedent of preterm birth and inflammatory mediators, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are associated with inhibition of vital brainstem respiratory centers. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to antenatal inflammation inhibits fetal breathing movements (FBMs) and increases inflammation and PGE2 levels in brainstem respiratory centers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma. Methods Chronically instrumented late preterm fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation were randomly assigned to receive repeated intravenous saline (n = 8) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusions (experimental day 1 = 300 ng, day 2 = 600 ng, day 3 = 1200 ng, n = 8). Fetal breathing movements were recorded throughout the experimental period. Sheep were euthanized 4 days after starting infusions for assessment of brainstem respiratory center histology. Results LPS infusions increased circulating and cerebrospinal fluid PGE2 levels, decreased arterial oxygen saturation, increased the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and lactate concentration, and decreased pH (p < 0.05 for all) compared to controls. LPS infusions caused transient reductions in the % of time fetuses spent breathing and the proportion of vigorous fetal breathing movements (P < 0.05 vs. control). LPS-exposure increased PGE2 expression in the RTN/pFRG (P < 0.05 vs. control) but not the pBÖTC (P < 0.07 vs. control) of the brainstem. No significant changes in gene expression were observed for PGE2 enzymes or caspase 3. LPS-exposure reduced the numbers of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes in the RTN/pFRG, NTS and XII of the brainstem (P < 0.05 vs. control for all) and increased microglial activation in the RTN/pFRG, preBÖTC, NTS, and XII brainstem respiratory centers (P < 0.05 vs. control for all). Conclusion Chronic LPS-exposure in late preterm fetal sheep increased PGE2 levels within the brainstem, CSF and plasma, and was associated with inhibition of FBMs, astrocyte loss and microglial activation within the brainstem respiratory centers. Further studies are needed to determine whether the inflammation-induced increase in PGE2 levels plays a key role in depressing respiratory drive in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Stojanovska
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Atta
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharmony B. Kelly
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valerie A. Zahra
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eva Matthews-Staindl
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison Moxham
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart B. Hooper
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eric Herlenius
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Robert Galinsky,
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie Center, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Graeme R. Polglase,
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15
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Rock C, Sutherland A, Pham Y, Miller S, Allison B. Melatonin as a Cardioprotective Treatment for Fetal Growth Restriction. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pham Y, Reardon-Smith K, Deo RC. Evaluating management strategies for sustainable crop production under changing climate conditions: A system dynamics approach. J Environ Manage 2021; 292:112790. [PMID: 34058543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and severity of drought pose significant threats to sustainable agricultural production across the world. Managing drought risks is challenging given the complexity of the interdependencies and feedback between climate drivers and socio-economic and ecological systems. To better understand the dynamics that drive the impacts of drought and water scarcity on crop production, a system dynamics model has been developed to explore complex interactions between factors in associated with drought and agricultural production, and examine how these might impact agricultural sustainability, using a case study in a coffee production system in Viet Nam. The model shows that water- and land-use drivers and their interactions with ecological and socio-economic factors play a more significant role than drought in determining the sustainability of coffee production. Results of policy scenario analyses indicate that drought conditions might exacerbate problems related to water shortages for irrigation but their impacts could be substantially minimized through applying intervention strategies, including restriction of the total area of land available for coffee production (to ~ 190,000 ha) and a 25% reduction in the irrigation amount per hectare of coffee compared to the common practices. Overall, the model findings add significant insight into drought and water resources management for sustainable crop production and the developed model can serve as a decision-support tool to inform strategic policy-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Pham
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia; Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Ravinesh C Deo
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, QLD 4300, Australia
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17
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Penny TR, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Smith MJ, Lee J, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Optimization of behavioral testing in a long-term rat model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Behav Brain Res 2021; 409:113322. [PMID: 33901432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury is a significant cause of childhood neurological deficits. Preclinical rodent models are often used to study these deficits; however, no preclinical study has determined which behavioral tests are most appropriate for long-term follow up after neonatal HI. METHODS HI brain injury was induced in postnatal day (PND) 10 rat pups using the Rice-Vannucci method of unilateral carotid artery ligation. Rats underwent long-term behavioral testing to assess motor and cognitive outcomes between PND11-50. Behavioral scores were transformed into Z-scores and combined to create composite behavioral scores. RESULTS HI rats showed a significant deficit in three out of eight behavioral tests: negative geotaxis analysis, the cylinder test and the novel object recognition test. These individual test outcomes were transformed into Z-scores and combined to create a composite Z-score. This composite z-score showed that HI rats had a significantly increased behavioral burden over the course of the experiment. CONCLUSION In this study we have identified tests that highlight specific cognitive and motor deficits in a rat model of neonatal HI. Due to the high variability in this model of neonatal HI brain injury, significant impairment is not always observed in individual behavioral tests, but by combining outcomes from these individual tests, long-term behavioral burden can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla R Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine J Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Penny T, Pham Y, Sutherland A, Mihelakis J, Lee J, Jenkin G, Fahey M, Miller S, McDonald C. Multiple Doses of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Improve Long-Term Perinatal Brain Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sctm.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Penny
- a The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University
| | - Yen Pham
- a The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Amy Sutherland
- a The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | | | - Joohyung Lee
- c Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
| | - Graham Jenkin
- a The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University
| | - Michael Fahey
- d Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Miller
- a The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University
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19
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Penny TR, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Mihelakis JG, Lee J, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Multiple doses of umbilical cord blood cells improve long-term brain injury in the neonatal rat. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147001. [PMID: 32585139 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic ischemic (HI) insults during pregnancy and birth can result in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as cerebral palsy. We have previously shown that a single dose of umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells is effective at reducing short-term neuroinflammation and improves short and long-term behavioural outcomes in rat pups. A single dose of UCB was not able to modulate long-term neuroinflammation or brain tissue loss. In this study we examined whether multiple doses of UCB can modulate neuroinflammation, decrease cerebral tissue damage and improve behavioural outcomes when followed up long-term. METHODS HI injury was induced in postnatal day 10 (PND10) rat pups using the Rice-Vannucci method of carotid artery ligation. Pups received either 1 dose (PND11), or 3 doses (PND11, 13, 20) of UCB cells. Rats were followed with behavioural testing, to assess both motor and cognitive outcomes. On PND50, brains were collected for analysis. RESULTS HI brain injury in rat pups caused significant behavioural deficits. These deficits were significantly improved by multiple doses of UCB. HI injury resulted in a significant decrease in brain weight and left hemisphere tissue, which was improved by multiple doses of UCB. HI resulted in increased cerebral apoptosis, loss of neurons and upregulation of activated microglia. Multiple doses of UCB modulated these neuropathologies. A single dose of UCB at PND11 did not improve behavioural or neuropathological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with repeated doses of UCB is more effective than a single dose for reducing tissue damage, improving brain pathology and restoring behavioural deficits following perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla R Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie G Mihelakis
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Malhotra A, Castillo-Melendez M, Allison BJ, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Pham Y, McDonald CA, Fahey MC, Polglase GR, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Neurovascular effects of umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells in growth-restricted newborn lambs : UCBCs for perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 31915068 PMCID: PMC6947982 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal ventilation exacerbates brain injury in lambs with fetal growth restriction (FGR), characterized by neuroinflammation and reduced blood-brain barrier integrity, which is normally maintained by the neurovascular unit. We examined whether umbilical cord blood stem cell (UCBC) treatment stabilized the neurovascular unit and reduced brain injury in preterm ventilated FGR lambs. Methods Surgery was performed in twin-bearing pregnant ewes at 88 days’ gestation to induce FGR in one fetus. At 127 days, FGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) lambs were delivered, carotid artery flow probes and umbilical lines inserted, lambs intubated and commenced on gentle ventilation. Allogeneic ovine UCBCs (25 × 106 cells/kg) were administered intravenously to lambs at 1 h of life. Lambs were ventilated for 24 h and then euthanized. Results FGR (n = 6) and FGR+UCBC (n = 6) lambs were growth restricted compared to AGA (n = 6) and AGA+UCBC (n = 6) lambs (combined weight, FGR 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. AGA 3.0 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.0002). UCBC therapy did not alter mean arterial blood pressure or carotid blood flow but decreased cerebrovascular resistance in FGR+UCBC lambs. Circulating TNF-α cytokine levels were lower in FGR+UCBC vs. FGR lambs (p < 0.05). Brain histopathology showed decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, increased endothelial cell proliferation, pericyte stability, and greater integrity of the neurovascular unit in FGR+UCBC vs. FGR lambs. Conclusions Umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy mitigates perinatal brain injury due to FGR and ventilation, and the neuroprotective benefits may be mediated by stabilization of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Allison BJ, Youn H, Malhotra A, McDonald CA, Castillo-Melendez M, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Jenkin G, Polglase GR, Miller SL. Is Umbilical Cord Blood Therapy an Effective Treatment for Early Lung Injury in Growth Restriction? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:86. [PMID: 32194502 PMCID: PMC7063054 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prematurity are often co-morbidities, and both are risk factors for lung disease. Despite advances in early delivery combined with supportive ventilation, rates of ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) remain high. There are currently no protective treatments or interventions available that target lung morbidities associated with FGR preterm infants. Stem cell therapy, such as umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell administration, demonstrates an ability to attenuate inflammation and injury associated with VILI in preterm appropriately grown animals. However, no studies have looked at the effects of stem cell therapy in growth restricted newborns. We aimed to determine if UCB treatment could attenuate acute inflammation in the first 24 h of ventilation, comparing effects in lambs born preterm following FGR with those born preterm but appropriately grown (AG). Placental insufficiency (FGR) was induced by single umbilical artery ligation in twin-bearing ewes at 88 days gestation, with twins used as control (appropriately grown, AG). Lambs were delivered preterm at ~126 days gestation (term is 150 days) and randomized to either immediate euthanasia (unventilated controls, AGUVC and FGRUVC) or commenced on 24 h of gentle supportive ventilation (AGV and FGRV) with additional cohorts receiving UCB treatment at 1 h (AGCELLS, FGRCELLS). Lungs were collected at post-mortem for histological and biochemical examination. Ventilation caused lung injury in AG lambs, as indicated by decreased septal crests and elastin density, as well as increased inflammation. Lung injury in AG lambs was attenuated with UCB therapy. Ventilated FGR lambs also sustained lung injury, albeit with different indices compared to AG lambs; in FGR, ventilation reduced septal crest density, reduced alpha smooth muscle actin density and reduced cell proliferation. UCB treatment in ventilated FGR lambs further decreased septal crest density and increased collagen deposition, however, it increased angiogenesis as evidenced by increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and vessel density. This is the first time that a cell therapy has been investigated in the lungs of growth restricted animals. We show that the uterine environment can alter the response to both secondary stress (ventilation) and therapy (UCB). This study highlights the need for further research on the potential impact of novel therapies on a growth restricted offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth J. Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Beth J. Allison
| | - Hannah Youn
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E. Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R. Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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22
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Malhotra A, Sepehrizadeh T, Dhollander T, Wright D, Castillo-Melendez M, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Ditchfield M, Polglase GR, de Veer M, Jenkin G, Pannek K, Shishegar R, Miller SL. Advanced MRI analysis to detect white matter brain injury in growth restricted newborn lambs. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 24:101991. [PMID: 31473545 PMCID: PMC6728876 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a serious pregnancy complication associated with increased risk of adverse neurodevelopment and neuromorbidity. Current imaging techniques, including conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are not sensitive enough to detect subtle structural abnormalities in the FGR brain. We examined whether advanced MRI analysis techniques have the capacity to detect brain injury (particularly white matter injury) caused by chronic hypoxia-induced fetal growth restriction in newborn preterm lambs. Methods Surgery was undertaken in twin bearing pregnant ewes at 88–90 days gestation (term = 150 days) to induce FGR in one fetus. At 127 days gestation (~32 weeks human brain development), FGR and control (appropriate for gestational age, AGA) lambs were delivered by caesarean section, intubated and ventilated. Conventional and advanced brain imaging was conducted within the first two hours of life using a 3T MRI scanner. T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) structural imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion MRI (dMRI) data were acquired. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) modelling and analysis of dMRI data included the following regions of interest (ROIs): subcortical white matter, periventricular white matter, cerebellum, hippocampus, corpus callosum and thalamus. Fixel-based analysis of 3-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) of the dMRI data was performed and compared between FGR and AGA lambs. Lambs were euthanised immediately after the scans and brain histology performed in the regions of interest to correlate with imaging. Results FGR and AGA lamb (body weight, mean (SD): 2.2(0.5) vs. 3.3(0.3) kg, p = .002) MRI brain scans were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the groups in conventional T1w, T2w or MRS brain data. Mean, axial and radial diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy indices obtained from DTI modelling also did not show any statistically significant differences between groups in the ROIs. Fixel-based analysis of 3-tissue CSD, however, did reveal a decrease in fibre cross-section (FC, p < .05) but not in fibre density (FD) or combined fibre density and cross-section (FDC) in FGR vs. AGA lamb brains. The specific tracts that showed a decrease in FC were in the regions of the periventricular white matter, hippocampus and cerebellar white matter, and were supported by histological evidence of white matter hypomyelination and disorganisation in corresponding FGR lamb brain regions. Conclusions The neuropathology associated with FGR in neonatal preterm lambs is subtle and imaging detection may require advanced MRI and tract-based analysis techniques. Fixel-based analysis of 3-tissue CSD demonstrates that the preterm neonatal FGR brain shows evidence of macrostructural (cross-sectional) deficits in white matter subsequent to altered antenatal development. These findings can inform analysis of similar brain pathology in neonatal infants. FGR brain injury can be subtle, and not easily detected on conventional imaging. Fixel-based analysis showed differences in fibre content of FGR lamb brain tracts. Histological stain confirmed myelination deficits in corresponding brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - Thijs Dhollander
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Wright
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael de Veer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosita Shishegar
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Abstract
In this study, we evaluated 3 extracts ( n-hexane, acetone, and methanol) of Usnea undulata Stirton (Usneaaceae) and 5 isolated compounds [methyl orsellinate (1), methyl β-orsellinate (2), 7-hydroxyl-5-methoxy-6-methylphtalide (3), usnic acid (UA) (4), and salazinic acid (5)] for their inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori. The results showed that the n-hexane extract exhibited the strongest activity with the largest inhibition zone ( d = 14 mm). For the isolated metabolites, besides UA that has been reported as a potent anti- H. pylori agent, compounds 1 and 2 showed higher inhibition compared to the reference drugs. Our results demonstrated that U. undulata could be a promising source of potential anti- H. pylori metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Do
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thai N. Ha
- Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Yen Pham
- The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
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24
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Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Pham Y, Castillo-Melendez M, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Fetal Growth Restriction Alters Cerebellar Development in Fetal and Neonatal Sheep. Front Physiol 2019; 10:560. [PMID: 31191328 PMCID: PMC6539217 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) complicates 5–10% of pregnancies and is associated with increased risks of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The development of cerebellar neuropathology in utero, in response to chronic fetal hypoxia, and over the period of high risk for preterm birth, has not been previously studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of FGR induced by placental insufficiency on cerebellar development at three timepoints in ovine fetal and neonatal development: (1) 115 days gestational age (d GA), (2) 124 d GA, and (3) 1-day-old postnatal age. We induced FGR via single umbilical artery ligation (SUAL) at ~105 d GA in fetal sheep, term is ~147 d GA. Animals were sacrificed at 115 d GA, 124 d GA, and 1-day-old postnatal age; fetuses and lambs were weighed and the cerebellum collected for histopathology. FGR lambs demonstrated neuropathology within the cerebellum after birth, with a significant, ~18% decrease in the number of granule cell bodies (NeuN+ immunoreactivity) within the internal granular layer (IGL) and an ~80% reduction in neuronal extension and branching (MAP+ immunoreactivity) within the molecular layer (ML). Oxidative stress (8-OHdG+ immunoreactivity) was significantly higher in FGR lambs within the ML and the white matter (WM) compared to control lambs. The structural integrity of neurons was already aberrant in the FGR cerebellum at 115 d GA, and by 124 d GA, inflammatory cells (Iba-1+ immunoreactivity) were significantly upregulated and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was compromised (Pearls, albumin, and GFAP+ immunoreactivity). We confirm that cerebellar injuries develop antenatally in FGR, and therefore, interventions to prevent long-term motor and coordination deficits should be implemented either antenatally or perinatally, thereby targeting neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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25
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Penny TR, Sutherland AE, Mihelakis JG, Paton MCB, Pham Y, Lee J, Jones NM, Jenkin G, Fahey MC, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Human Umbilical Cord Therapy Improves Long-Term Behavioral Outcomes Following Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury. Front Physiol 2019; 10:283. [PMID: 30967791 PMCID: PMC6440382 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxic ischemic (HI) insult in term babies at labor or birth can cause long-term neurodevelopmental disorders, including cerebral palsy (CP). The current standard treatment for term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is hypothermia. Because hypothermia is only partially effective, novel therapies are required to improve outcomes further. Human umbilical cord blood cells (UCB) are a rich source of stem and progenitor cells making them a potential treatment for neonatal HI brain injury. Recent clinical trials have shown that UCB therapy is a safe and efficacious treatment for confirmed cerebral palsy. In this study, we assessed whether early administration of UCB to the neonate could improve long-term behavioral outcomes and promote brain repair following neonatal HI brain injury. Methods: HI brain injury was induced in postnatal day (PND) 7 rat pups via permanent ligation of the left carotid artery, followed by a 90 min hypoxic challenge. UCB was administered intraperitoneally on PND 8. Behavioral tests, including negative geotaxis, forelimb preference and open field test, were performed on PND 14, 30, and 50, following brains were collected for assessment of neuropathology. Results: Neonatal HI resulted in decreased brain weight, cerebral tissue loss and apoptosis in the somatosensory cortex, as well as compromised behavioral outcomes. UCB administration following HI improved short and long-term behavioral outcomes but did not reduce long-term histological evidence of brain injury compared to HI alone. In addition, UCB following HI increased microglia activation in the somatosensory cortex compared to HI alone. Conclusion: Administration of a single dose of UCB cells 24 h after HI injury improves behavior, however, a single dose of cells does not modulate pathological evidence of long-term brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla R Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie G Mihelakis
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madison C B Paton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole M Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Malhotra A, Castillo-Melendez M, Allison BJ, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Pham Y, Alves de Alencar Rocha AK, Fahey MC, Polglase GR, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Neuropathology as a consequence of neonatal ventilation in premature growth-restricted lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1183-R1194. [PMID: 30230932 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00171.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prematurity are associated with high risk of brain injury and long-term neurological deficits. FGR infants born preterm are commonly exposed to mechanical ventilation, but it is not known whether ventilation differentially induces brain pathology in FGR infants compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. We investigated markers of neuropathology in moderate- to late-preterm FGR lambs, compared with AGA lambs, delivered by caesarean birth and ventilated under standard neonatal conditions for 24 h. FGR was induced by single umbilical artery ligation in fetal sheep at 88-day gestation (term, 150 days). At 125-day gestation, FGR and AGA lambs were delivered, dried, intubated, and commenced on noninjurious ventilation, with surfactant administration at 10 min. A group of unventilated FGR and AGA lambs at the same gestation was also examined. Over 24 h, circulating pH, Po2, and lactate levels were similar between groups. Ventilated FGR lambs had lower cerebral blood flow compared with AGA lambs ( P = 0.01). The brain of ventilated FGR lambs showed neuropathology compared with unventilated FGR, and unventilated and ventilated AGA lambs, with increased apoptosis (caspase-3), blood-brain barrier dysfunction (albumin extravasation), activated microglia (Iba-1), and increased expression of cellular oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal). The neuropathologies seen in the ventilated FGR brain were most pronounced in the periventricular and subcortical white matter but also evident in the subventricular zone, cortical gray matter, and hippocampus. Ventilation of preterm FGR lambs increased brain injury compared with AGA preterm lambs and unventilated FGR lambs, mediated via increased vascular permeability, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Michael C Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
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Li J, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Gurung S, Paton M, McDonald C, Tiwari A, Pham Y, Castillo-Melendez M, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Preterm umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells protect preterm white matter brain development against hypoxia-ischemia. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:120-131. [PMID: 30012511 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants are at high risk for white matter injury and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory actions and are of interest for neural repair in adults and newborns. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of allogeneic MSC, derived from preterm umbilical cord blood (UCB), in a preterm sheep model of white matter injury. METHODS Quad-lineage differentiation, clonogenicity and self-renewal ability of UCB-derived MSC were confirmed. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) received either 25 min hypoxia-ischemia (HI) to induce preterm brain injury, or sham-HI. Ten million MSC, or saline, were administered iv to fetuses at 12 h after HI. Fetal brains were collected 10d after HI for histopathology and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS HI induced white matter injury, as indicated by a reduction in CNPase-positive myelin fiber density. HI also induced microglial activation (Iba-1) in the periventricular white matter and internal capsule (P < .05 vs control). MSC administration following HI preserved myelination (P < .05), modified microglial activation, and promoted macrophage migration (CD163) and cell proliferation (Ki-67) within cerebral white matter (P < .05). Cerebral CXCL10 concentration was increased following MSC administration (P < .05), which was likely associated with macrophage migration and cell proliferation within the preterm brain. Additionally, MSC administration reduced systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα at 3d post-HI (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS UCB-derived MSC therapy preserved white matter brain structure following preterm HI, mediated by a suppression of microglial activation, promotion of macrophage migration and acceleration of self-repair within the preterm brain. UCB-derived MSC are neuroprotective, acting via peripheral and cerebral anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madison Paton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhilasha Tiwari
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Tiwari A, Wong CS, Nekkanti LP, Deane JA, McDonald C, Li J, Pham Y, Sutherland AE, Jenkin G, Kirkland MA. Controlling the Effective Oxygen Tension Experienced by Cells Using a Dynamic Culture Technique for Hematopoietic Ex Vivo Expansion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:2A.11.1-2A.11.13. [PMID: 29512129 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinical hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation outcomes are strongly correlated with the number of cells infused. Hence, to generate sufficient HSPCs for transplantation, the best culture parameters for expansion are critical. It is generally assumed that the defined oxygen (O2 ) set for the incubator reflects the pericellular O2 to which cells are being exposed. Studies have shown that low O2 tension maintains an undifferentiated state, but the expansion rate may be constrained because of limited diffusion in a static culture system. A combination of low ambient O2 and dynamic culture conditions has been developed to increase the reconstituting capacity of human HSPCs. In this unit, the protocols for serum-free expansion of HSPCs at 5% and 20% O2 in static and dynamic nutrient flow mode are described. Finally, the impact of O2 tension on HSPC expansion in vitro by flow cytometry and colony forming assays and in vivo through engraftment using a murine model is assessed. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Tiwari
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia S Wong
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lakshmi P Nekkanti
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jingang Li
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Kirkland
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Vu TPD, Kim KT, Pham Y, Bao H, Kang JS. Development of simple HPLC-UV method for discrimination of Adenophorae Radix. Analytical Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2017.30.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Miloh T, Barton A, Wheeler J, Pham Y, Hewitt W, Keegan T, Sanchez C, Bulut P, Goss J. Immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplant recipients: Unique aspects. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:244-256. [PMID: 27874250 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric liver transplantation has experienced improved outcomes over the last 50 years. This can be attributed in part to establishing optimal use of immunosuppressive agents to achieve a balance between minimizing the risks of allograft rejection and infection. The management of immunosuppression in children is generally more complex and can be challenging when compared with the use of these agents in adult liver transplant patients. Physiologic differences in children alter the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive agents, which affects absorption, distribution, metabolism, and drug excretion. Children also have a longer expected period of exposure to immunosuppression, which can impact growth, risk of infection (bacterial, viral, and fungal), carcinogenesis, and likelihood of nonadherence. This review discusses immunosuppressive options for pediatric liver transplant recipients and the unique issues that must be addressed when managing this population. Further advances in the field of tolerance and accommodation are needed to relieve the acute and cumulative burden of chronic immunosuppression in children. Liver Transplantation 23 244-256 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Miloh
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrea Barton
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Yen Pham
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | - John Goss
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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31
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Aridas JDS, McDonald CA, Paton MCB, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Nitsos I, Pham Y, Ditchfield M, Fahey MC, Wong F, Malhotra A, Castillo-Melendez M, Bhakoo K, Wallace EM, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Cord blood mononuclear cells prevent neuronal apoptosis in response to perinatal asphyxia in the newborn lamb. J Physiol 2015; 594:1421-35. [PMID: 26527561 DOI: 10.1113/jp271104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is a significant cause of death or long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Hypothermia, currently the only effective treatment, leads to modest improvements, but new therapeutic strategies are required. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) mononuclear cells have potent anti-inflammatory properties and may reduce neuropathology. This study examined whether autologous UCB mononuclear cells were neuroprotective when administered to newborn lambs at 12 h after birth asphyxia. At caesarean section, birth asphyxia was induced by clamping the umbilical cord until mean arterial blood pressure decreased to 18-20 mmHg. Asphyxia (n = 20) or control (n = 11) lambs were resuscitated and maintained, with magnetic resonance spectroscropy (MRS) performed at 12 and 72 h, and were then killed at 72 h. Cord blood was collected once the cord was clamped, and mononuclear cells were isolated and labelled fluorescently and administered to control (n = 3) or asphyxia (n = 8) lambs. Asphyxia induced a significant increase in cellular apoptosis (caspase-3 immunopositive) within all brain regions examined, including cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and subcortical white matter (P < 0.01 vs. control). Additionally, asphyxia induced significant and widespread astrogliosis and increased inflammatory cells (activated microglia and macrophages). The administration of UCB mononuclear cells (asphyxia+UCB) significantly decreased neuronal apoptosis, astrogliosis and inflammation (P < 0.05 vs. asphyxia alone). Asphyxia+UCB lambs also demonstrated decreased brain metabolites lactate:choline (P = 0.01) and lactate:N-acetylaspartate (P < 0.01) from 12 to 72 h, detected using MRS. Autologous UCB mononuclear cell treatment restores normal brain metabolism following perinatal asphyxia, and reduces brain inflammation, astrogliosis and neuronal apoptosis, supporting its use as a neuroprotective therapy following asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D S Aridas
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madison C B Paton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilias Nitsos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Ditchfield
- Monash Children's, Monash Health, and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael C Fahey
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Children's, Monash Health, and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Flora Wong
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Children's, Monash Health, and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Children's, Monash Health, and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margie Castillo-Melendez
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kishore Bhakoo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis Way, Singapore
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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McDonald CA, Oehme D, Pham Y, Kelly K, Itescu S, Gibbon A, Jenkin G. Evaluation of the safety and tolerability of a high-dose intravenous infusion of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nguyen HLT, Nguyen TT, Vu QT, Le HT, Pham Y, Trinh PL, Bui TP, Phan TN. An efficient procedure for the expression and purification of HIV-1 protease from inclusion bodies. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 116:59-65. [PMID: 26231073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on HIV-1 protease for developing drugs for treating AIDS. Recombinant HIV-1 protease is used to screen new drugs from synthetic compounds or natural substances. However, large-scale expression and purification of this enzyme is difficult mainly because of its low expression and solubility. In this study, we constructed 9 recombinant plasmids containing a sequence encoding HIV-1 protease along with different fusion tags and examined the expression of the enzyme from these plasmids. Of the 9 plasmids, pET32a(+) plasmid containing the HIV-1 protease-encoding sequence along with sequences encoding an autocleavage site GTVSFNF at the N-terminus and TEV plus 6× His tag at the C-terminus showed the highest expression of the enzyme and was selected for further analysis. The recombinant protein was isolated from inclusion bodies by using 2 tandem Q- and Ni-Sepharose columns. SDS-PAGE of the obtained HIV-1 protease produced a single band of approximately 13 kDa. The enzyme was recovered efficiently (4 mg protein/L of cell culture) and had high specific activity of 1190 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) at an optimal pH of 4.7 and optimal temperature of 37 °C. This procedure for expressing and purifying HIV-1 protease is now being scaled up to produce the enzyme on a large scale for its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Loan Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Thi Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quy Thi Vu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hang Thi Le
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yen Pham
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phuong Le Trinh
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan Phuong Bui
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan-Nghia Phan
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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35
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Pham Y, Ansbacher W, Kader H. SU-E-T-592: A Novel 3D CT-Based Treatment Planning for Palladium 103 Breast Seed Implant Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Hansen RR, Nielsen CK, Nasser A, Thomsen SIM, Eghorn LF, Pham Y, Schulenburg C, Syberg S, Ding M, Stojilkovic SS, Jorgensen NR, Heegaard AM. P2X7 receptor-deficient mice are susceptible to bone cancer pain. Pain 2011; 152:1766-1776. [PMID: 21565445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purinergic P2X7 receptor is implicated in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and has been suggested as a possible target in pain treatment. However, the specific role of the P2X7 receptor in bone cancer pain is unknown. We demonstrated that BALB/cJ P2X7 receptor knockout (P2X7R KO) mice were susceptible to bone cancer pain and moreover had an earlier onset of pain-related behaviours compared with cancer-bearing, wild-type mice. Furthermore, acute treatment with the selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, A-438079, failed to alleviate pain-related behaviours in models of bone cancer pain with and without astrocyte activation (BALB/cJ or C3H mice inoculated with 4T1 mammary cancer cells or NCTC 2472 osteosarcoma cells, respectively), suggesting that astrocytic P2X7 receptors play a negligible role in bone cancer pain. The results support the hypothesis that bone cancer pain is a separate pain state compared with those of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. However, the recent discovery of a P2X7 receptor splice variant expressed in the knockout mice used for this study complicates the interpretation of the results. The P2X7 splice variant receptor was detected in the spinal cord but not in osteoclasts of the P2X7R KO mouse. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the exact role of the P2X7 receptors in bone cancer pain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Neoplasms/complications
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA, Recombinant/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Osteosarcoma/complications
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/genetics
- Pain Measurement/methods
- Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/deficiency
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X7/genetics
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Tetrazoles/therapeutic use
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Rie Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Research Centre Glostrup, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Pham Y, Kuhlman B, Butterfoss GL, Hu H, Weinreb V, Carter CW. Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase Urzyme: a model to recapitulate molecular evolution and investigate intramolecular complementation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38590-601. [PMID: 20864539 PMCID: PMC2992291 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.136911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We substantiate our preliminary description of the class I tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase minimal catalytic domain with details of its construction, structure, and steady-state kinetic parameters. Generating that active fragment involved deleting 65% of the contemporary enzyme, including the anticodon-binding domain and connecting peptide 1, CP1, a 74-residue internal segment from within the Rossmann fold. We used protein design (Rosetta), rather than phylogenetic sequence alignments, to identify mutations to compensate for the severe loss of modularity, thus restoring stability, as evidenced by renaturation described previously and by 70-ns molecular dynamics simulations. Sufficient solubility to enable biochemical studies was achieved by expressing the redesigned Urzyme as a maltose-binding protein fusion. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters from amino acid activation assays showed that, compared with the native full-length enzyme, TrpRS Urzyme binds ATP with similar affinity. This suggests that neither of the two deleted structural modules has a strong influence on ground-state ATP binding. However, tryptophan has 10(3) lower affinity, and the Urzyme has comparably reduced specificity relative to the related amino acid, tyrosine. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed how CP1 may contribute significantly to cognate amino acid specificity. As class Ia editing domains are nested within the CP1, this finding suggests that this module enhanced amino acid specificity continuously, throughout their evolution. We call this type of reconstructed protein catalyst an Urzyme (Ur prefix indicates original, primitive, or earliest). It establishes a model for recapitulating very early steps in molecular evolution in which fitness may have been enhanced by accumulating entire modules, rather than by discrete amino acid sequence changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Pham
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- the Biology and Courant Computer Science Department, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and
| | - Hao Hu
- the Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry Building, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Violetta Weinreb
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Charles W. Carter
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Tu Y, Wu T, Dai A, Pham Y, Chew P, de Haan JB, Wang Y, Toh BH, Zhu H, Cao Z, Cooper ME, Chai Z. Cell division autoantigen 1 enhances signaling and the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2010; 79:199-209. [PMID: 20962744 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell division autoantigen 1 (CDA1) modulates cell proliferation and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in a number of cellular systems; here we found that its levels were elevated in the kidneys of two animal models of diabetic renal disease. The localization of CDA1 to tubular cells and podocytes in human kidney sections was similar to that seen in the rodent models. CDA1 small interfering RNA knockdown markedly attenuated, whereas its overexpression increased TGF-β signaling, modulating the expression of TGF-β, TGF-β receptors, connective tissue growth factor, collagen types I, III, IV, and fibronectin genes in HK-2 cells. CDA1 and TGF-β together were synergistic in stimulating TGF-β signaling and target gene expression. CDA1 knockdown effectively blocked TGF-β-stimulated expression of collagen genes. This was due to its ability to modulate the TGF-β type I, but not the type II, receptor, leading to increased phosphorylation of Smad3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, the Smad3 inhibitor, SIS3, markedly attenuated the activities of CDA1 in stimulating TGF-β signaling as well as gene expression of collagens I, III, and IV. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo findings show that CDA1 has a critical role in TGF-β signaling in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Tu
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Pham Y, Tu Y, Wu T, Allen TJ, Calkin AC, Watson AM, Li J, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Toh BH, Cao Z, Cooper ME, Chai Z. Cell division autoantigen 1 plays a profibrotic role by modulating downstream signalling of TGF-beta in a murine diabetic model of atherosclerosis. Diabetologia 2010; 53:170-9. [PMID: 19847393 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Excess accumulation of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important pathological process in cardiovascular diseases including diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. We explored how a recently identified molecule, cell division autoantigen 1 (CDA1), influences the profibrotic TGF-beta pathway leading to vascular ECM accumulation. METHODS Expression levels of genes encoding for CDA1, TGF-beta and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were examined in aorta from Apoe(-/-) mice with or without diabetes. We used retroviral and adenoviral constructs to knockdown or overexpress Tspyl2, the gene encoding CDA1, in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with or without TGF-beta treatment in order to demonstrate the role of CDA1 in TGF-beta signalling. RESULTS In vivo studies indicated that the mRNA levels of CDA1-encoding gene Tspyl2 and protein levels of CDA1 were elevated in the aorta of diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice, accompanied by increased levels of Tgf-beta (also known as Tgfb1), Ctgf and ECM accumulation. In vitro studies in vascular cells showed that TGF-beta treatment rapidly increased CDA1 protein levels, which then amplified TGF-beta signalling leading to upregulation of ECM genes. Knockdown of CDA1-encoding gene Tspyl2 to reduce cellular CDA1 level markedly attenuated TGF-beta-stimulated MAD homologue 3 (drosophila; SMAD3) phosphorylation and transcriptional activities. CDA1 overproduction increased and Tspyl2 knockdown decreased expression of TGF-beta receptor type I, TbetarI (also known as Tgfbr1), but not TGF-beta receptor type II, TbetarII (also known as Tgfbr2), providing a mechanism for CDA1's action in modulating TGF-beta signalling. Knockdown of CDA1-encoding gene Tspyl2 also blocked the profibrotic effect of TGF-beta in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CDA1 plays an important role in vascular ECM accumulation by amplifying TGF-beta signalling. This is critical for the profibrotic effect of TGF-beta in the vasculature. CDA1 is therefore a potential target for attenuating vascular ECM accumulation caused by enhanced TGF-beta action, as seen in diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pham
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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40
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Chai Z, Tu Y, Pham Y, Wu T, Cao Z, Toh B, Cooper ME. Cell Division Autoantigen 1 Modulates p53 Stability and Smad3 Activation in TGF‐β Signaling Leading to Transcriptional Regulation of p21
Waf1/Cip1. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.637.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Chai
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Yugang Tu
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Yen Pham
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Tieqiao Wu
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Zemin Cao
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
| | - Ban‐Hock Toh
- Monash Institute of Medical ResearchMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Mark E. Cooper
- Diabetes and MetabolismBaker Heart Research InstituteCentral, MelbourneAustralia
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Pham Y, Li L, Kim A, Erdogan O, Weinreb V, Butterfoss GL, Kuhlman B, Carter CW. A minimal TrpRS catalytic domain supports sense/antisense ancestry of class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Mol Cell 2007; 25:851-62. [PMID: 17386262 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of polypeptide catalysts for amino acid activation, the slowest step in protein synthesis, poses a significant puzzle associated with the origin of biology. This problem is compounded as the 20 contemporary aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases belong to two quite distinct families. We describe here the use of protein design to show experimentally that a minimal class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase active site might have functioned in the distant past. We deleted the anticodon binding domain from tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and fused the discontinuous segments comprising its active site. The resulting 130 residue minimal catalytic domain activates tryptophan. This residual catalytic activity constitutes the first experimental evidence that the conserved class I signature sequences, HIGH and KMSKS, might have arisen in-frame, opposite motifs 2 and 1 from class II, as complementary sense and antisense strands of the same ancestral gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Carter CW, Kapustina M, Pham Y, Li L, Weinreb V. Catalytic Use of the Allosteric Constant by B. stearothermophilus TrpRS. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a646-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryna Kapustina
- Cell BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCB 7260, Manning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7090
| | - Yen Pham
- Cell BiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillCB 7260, Manning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Li Li
- Biochemistry and Biophysics
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43
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Pham Y, Weinreb V, Li L, Carter CW. Tryptophan activation activity of a minimal TrpRS catalytic domain. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a504-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Pham
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Violetta Weinreb
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Li Li
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Charles W. Carter
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
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44
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Carter CW, Pham Y, Li L, Weinreb V. Sense/Antisense origins of amino acid activation. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Williams Carter
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Yen Pham
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Li Li
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
| | - Violetta Weinreb
- Biochemistry and Biophysics, CB 7260University of North Carolina at Chapel HillManning DriveChapel HillNC27599‐7260
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45
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Wu Z, Ercole F, FitzGerald M, Perera S, Riley P, Campbell R, Pham Y, Rea P, Sandanayake S, Mathieu MN, Bray AM, Ede NJ. Synthesis of tetrahydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on hydrophilic polyamide SynPhase lanterns. J Comb Chem 2003; 5:166-71. [PMID: 12625708 DOI: 10.1021/cc020057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis is greatly dependent on the solid support. Here, we report the use of a new hydrophilic grafted surface on SynPhase lanterns in solid-phase organic chemistry. A convenient and facile solid-phase synthesis of disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones on polyamide SynPhase lanterns is described. The key step of the synthesis involved a reduction-cyclization of a nitroaryl methyl ester with a mixture of tin(II) chloride dihydrate and ammonium acetate in water and ethanol at elevated temperature to give the desired target compounds. A library of 21 disubstituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones was prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Wu
- Mimotopes Pty Ltd, 11 Duerdin Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168 Australia
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Barner L, Zwaneveld N, Perera S, Pham Y, Davis TP. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer graft polymerization of styrene: Solid phases for organic and peptide synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Solid-phase synthesis is greatly dependent on the solid phase. We are interested in the development of a "pellicular" type of solid support where a more mobile polymer is grafted to rigid plastics. Compared to low cross-linked microporous beads that dominate the field, this approach allows great flexibility of design, as plastics are available as sheets, films, or threads, or can be molded into any shape, as required. Many different polymers or copolymers can be grafted onto any particular shape to give a wide choice of options in the physicochemical characteristics of the actual solid support. As an example of such a solid support, we report on polystyrene-grafted polypropylene in a particular shape that we have called "Lanterns." Its synthesis characteristics are compared to the commonly available low cross-linked polystyrene resins. As well, the handling advantages of these types of supports in multiple synthesis are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rasoul
- Mimotopes Pty Ltd., 11 Duerdin Street, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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48
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Bui CT, Ercole F, Pham Y, Campbell R, Rasoul FA, Maeji NJ, Ede NJ. Improving the performance of an acid-labile 4-hydroxymethyl phenoxyacetic acid (HMP) linker on resin and SynPhase grafted solid-supports. J Pept Sci 2000; 6:534-8. [PMID: 11071267 DOI: 10.1002/1099-1387(200010)6:10<534::aid-psc288>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A replacement of the acetic acid moiety by valeric acid within the 4-hydroxymethylphenoxyacetic acid (HMP) linker (Sheppard RC, Williams BJ. Acid-labile resin linkage agents for use in solid phase peptide synthesis. Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 1982; 20: 451-454) significantly improved its performance in terms of loading capacity, yield and purity of the final products. The results indicated the spacer-linker combination and type of solid supports are important factors for solid-phase synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Bui
- Mimotopes Pty. Ltd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Bui CT, Bray AM, Pham Y, Campbell R, Ercole F, Rasoul FA, Maeji NJ. Comparative study of reductive amination reaction on 5-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid and its monomethoxy analog using the Multipin approach. Mol Divers 2000; 4:155-63. [PMID: 10729900 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009642429617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The 5-(4-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy)valeric acid (Barany) linker and its monomethoxy analog were applied to the Multipin method of solid phase synthesis. A comparative assessment of reductive amination and cleavage of these linkers under conditions of multiple synthesis indicated that both were applicable to a broad range of primary amines including aniline and 4-nitroaniline. Apart from the greater lability of the dimethoxy version under TFA cleavage, there was no observable advantage of one linker over the other within the described experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Bui
- Chiron Technologies Pty Ltd., Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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50
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Bui CT, Bray AM, Ercole F, Pham Y, Rasoul FA, Maeji N. Acetophenone-based linker for solid phase synthesis of secondary amides and sulfonamides on the Multipin™ support. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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