1
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Wang MC, Yang XY, Zhou JF, Zhang WX, Li BJ. Pyridine-borane complex-catalysed thioesterification: the direct conversion of carboxylic acids to thioesters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6671-6674. [PMID: 38860640 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01326c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Thioesters are a common class of biologically active fragments and synthetically useful building blocks. An attractive synthetic approach would be to use simple and bench-stable carboxylic acids as a coupling partner. Herein, we present a 4-bromo pyridine-borane complex as a catalyst for the direct coupling of carboxylic acids with thiols. A wide range of thioesters with good functional group compatibility could be prepared via this metal-free approach. The merit of this strategy is exemplified by the modification of carboxylic acid-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Ying Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Feng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wan-Xuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin-Jie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Phang YL, Jin JK, Zhang FL, Wang YF. Radical hydroboration for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4275-4289. [PMID: 38566567 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00398e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds demonstrate diverse applications in the fields of organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. Compared to the conventional hydroboration reaction, radical hydroboration serves as an alternative approach for the synthesis of organoborons via different mechanisms. In radical hydroboration, a boryl radical is initially generated from homolytic cleavage of a B-H or a B-B bond, which is then added to an unsaturated double bond to deliver a carbon radical. Subsequent hydrogen atom transfer or reduction of the carbon radical to form a carbanion followed by protonation gave the final product. Over the past few years, numerous efforts have been made for efficient synthesis of boryl radicals and the expansion of substrate scope of the radical hydroboration reaction. Here, we discuss the recent advancement of radical hydroboration and its associated mechanisms. Numerous radical hydroboration strategies employing N-heterocyclic carbene borane, bis(pinacolato)diboron and pinacolborane as the boron source were illustrated. Thermochemical, photochemical and electrochemical strategies for the generation of boryl radicals were also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Lin Phang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Ji-Kang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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3
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Kundu G, Amrutha PR, Tothadi S, Sen SS. Access to NHC-Boryl Mono- and Bis-Selenide and Utility as Mild Selenium Transfer Reagent Including to the C-F Bond. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302984. [PMID: 37943498 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of 5-SIDipp ⋅ BH3 (5-SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene) (1) with diphenyldiselenide provide access to 5-SIDipp-boryl mono- (5-SIDipp ⋅ BH2 SePh) (2) and bis-selenide (5-SIDipp ⋅ BH(SePh)2 ) (3). The facile cleavage of the B-Se bond makes 2 a neutral source of selenium nucleophiles in substitutions reactions with benzyl bromides, and provide access to the corresponding selenoethers. The direct transformations of one of the C(sp2 )-F bonds of C5 F5 N and C6 F5 CF3 to C-Se bonds have also been achieved by the use of 2 without employing transition-metal catalysts. While it was previously established that C6 F6 could undergo complete defluoroselenation under harsh conditions, we successfully achieved partial defluorination of C6 F6 by employing 2 as a mild selenide transfer reagent. During the formation of C-Se bonds through the cleavage of C-F bonds, the potential by-product NHC ⋅ BH2 F undergoes ring expansion of the NHC, leading to the formation of the six-membered diaazafluoroborinane (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - P R Amrutha
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division and Centralized Instrumentation Facility, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, 364002, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008, Pashan, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
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4
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Jiang T, Chen L, Wen S, Zhang L, Wang T, Xiong F. Synthesis of 1,1-Diarylvinylsulfides via Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Reaction of Alkynoates with Phenyl Disulfides. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38175923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Without any additives and photocatalysts, the visible-light-promoted radical cascade reaction between alkynoates and phenyl disulfides has been developed at room temperature. Through S-S bond photolysis and homolytic cleavage, addition of a sulfur radical, aryl migration, decarboxylation, and H atom abstraction, the cascade reaction provides an efficient and practical route to trisubstituted 1,1-diarylvinylsulfides with a wide scope of substrates and good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Shimei Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P.R. China
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5
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Xie Y, Zhang R, Chen Z, Rong M, He H, Ni S, He X, Xiao W, Xuan J. Photocatalytic Boryl Radicals Triggered Sequential B─N/C─N Bond Formation to Assemble Boron-Handled Pyrazoles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306728. [PMID: 38018506 PMCID: PMC10797447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Vinyldiazo compounds are one of the most important synthons in the construction of a cyclic ring. Most photochemical transformations of vinyldiazo compounds are mainly focusing on utilization of their C═C bond site, while reactions taking place at terminal nitrogen atom are largely unexplored. Herein, a photocatalytic cascade radical cyclization of LBRs with vinyldiazo reagents through sequential B─N/C─N bond formation is described. The reaction starts with the addition of LBRs (Lewis base-boryl radicals) at diazo site, followed by intramolecular radical cyclization to access a wide range of important boron-handled pyrazoles in good to excellent yields. Control experiments, together with detailed mechanism studies well explain the observed reactivity. Further studies demonstrate the utility of this approach for applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Le Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Rong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong ProvinceShantou UniversityShantouGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Kui He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui ProvinceCollege of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringAnhui UniversityHefeiAnhui230601P. R. China
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6
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Peng TY, Zhang FL, Wang YF. Lewis Base-Boryl Radicals Enabled Borylation Reactions and Selective Activation of Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:169-186. [PMID: 36571794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe past decades have witnessed tremendous progress on radical reactions. However, in comparison with carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and other main group element centered radicals, the synthetic chemistry of boron centered radicals was less studied, mainly due to the high electron-deficiency and instability of such 3-center-5-electron species. In the 1980s, Roberts and co-workers found that the coordination of a Lewis base (amines or phosphines) with the boron center could form 4-center-7-electron boryl radicals (Lewis base-boryl radicals, LBRs) that are found to be more stable. However, only limited synthetic applications were developed. In 2008, Curran and co-workers achieved a breakthrough with the discovery of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boryl radicals, which could enable a range of radical reduction and polymerization reactions. Despite these exciting findings, more powerful and valuable synthetic applications of LBRs would be expected, given that the structures and reactivities of LBRs could be easily modulated, which would provide ample opportunities to discover new reactions. In this Account, a summary of our key contributions in LBR-enabled radical borylation reactions and selective activation of inert carbon-heteroatom bonds will be presented.Organoboron compounds have shown versatile applications in chemical society, and their syntheses rely principally on ionic borylation reactions. The development of mechanistically different radical borylation reactions allows synthesizing products that are inaccessible by traditional methods. For this purpose, we progressively developed a series of NHC-boryl radical mediated chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective radical borylation reactions of alkenes and alkynes, by which a wide variety of structurally diverse organoboron molecules were successfully prepared. The synthetic utility of these borylated products was also demonstrated. Furthermore, we disclosed a photoredox protocol for oxidative generation of NHC-boryl radicals, which enabled useful defluoroborylation and arylboration reactions.Selective bond activation is an ideal way to convert simple starting materials to value-added products, while the cleavage of inert chemical bonds, in particular the chemoselectivity control when multiple identical bonds are present in similar chemical environments, remains a long-standing challenge. We envisaged that finely tuning the properties of LBRs might provide a new solution to address this challenge. Recently, we disclosed a 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)-boryl radical promoted sequential C-F bond functionalization of trifluoroacetic acid derivatives, in which the α-C-F bonds were selectively snipped via a spin-center shift mechanism. This strategy enables facile conversion of abundantly available trifluoroacetic acid to highly valuable mono- and difluorinated molecules. Encouraged by this finding, we further developed a boryl radical enabled three-step sequence to construct all-carbon quaternary centers from a range of trichloromethyl groups, where the three C-Cl bonds were selectively cleaved by the rational choice of suitable boryl radical precursors in each step. Furthermore, a boryl radical promoted dehydroxylative alkylation of α-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives was achieved, allowing for the efficient conversion of some biomass platform molecules to high value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Wan T, Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Vitullo W, de Zwart FJ, de Bruin B, Noël T. Photoinduced Halogen-Atom Transfer by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Ligated Boryl Radicals for C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 145:991-999. [PMID: 36583709 PMCID: PMC9853867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a comprehensive study on the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-ligated boryl radicals to enable C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation under visible-light irradiation via Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT). The methodology relies on the use of an acridinium dye to generate the boron-centered radicals from the corresponding NHC-ligated boranes via single-electron transfer (SET) and deprotonation. These boryl radicals subsequently engage with alkyl halides in an XAT step, delivering the desired nucleophilic alkyl radicals. The present XAT strategy is very mild and accommodates a broad scope of alkyl halides, including medicinally relevant compounds and biologically active molecules. The key role of NHC-ligated boryl radicals in the operative reaction mechanism has been elucidated through a combination of experimental, spectroscopic, and computational studies. This methodology stands as a significant advancement in the chemistry of NHC-ligated boryl radicals, which had long been restricted to radical reductions, enabling C-C bond formation under visible-light photoredox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Walter Vitullo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis Group (HomKat), van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands,E-mail:
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8
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Zhang Y, Liao Y, Liu P, Ran Y, Liu X. Radical borylation of vinyl azides with NHC-boranes: divergent synthesis of α-boryl ketones and borylated triazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3550-3557. [PMID: 35411904 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A divergent radical borylation of vinyl azides with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes in the presence of tBuSH is described. The protocol enables the divergent synthesis of α-boryl ketones and borylated triazoles with excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope. Remarkably, this work shows that vinyl azides can serve as unprecedented five-atom synthons for the construction of 1,2,3-triazoles without N2 extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Yangzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Peijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Xiaozu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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9
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Abstract
Boron-centred radicals (boryl radicals) are potential and attractive species in main group chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Recently, the development of boron compounds ligated by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has sparked off advavnces in boryl radical chemistry because NHCs can highly stabilise boryl radicals by electronic and steric factors. This review highlights recent synthesis and reactions of such NHC-boryl radicals. From the standpoint of main group chemistry, examples of isolation or detection of unique NHC-boryl radicals are presented. From the standpoint of synthetic chemistry, on the other hand, the development of reactions of user-friendly NHC-boryl radicals, which has contributed to radical chemistry, organoboron chemistry and polymer science, is comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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10
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Aubry B, Canterel R, Lansalot M, Bourgeat‐Lami E, Airoudj A, Graff B, Dietlin C, Morlet‐Savary F, Blahut J, Benda L, Pintacuda G, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Development of a Borane–(Meth)acrylate Photo‐Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Aubry
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat‐Lami
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon CNRS, C2P2 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Fabrice Morlet‐Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
| | - Jan Blahut
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon CNRS, CRMN 5 rue de la Doua 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg France
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11
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Aubry B, Canterel R, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E, Airoudj A, Graff B, Dietlin C, Morlet-Savary F, Blahut J, Benda L, Pintacuda G, Lacôte E, Lalevée J. Development of a Borane-(Meth)acrylate Photo-Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17037-17044. [PMID: 33955632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the development of 3D printing fuels, there is a need for new photoinitiating systems working under mild conditions and/or leading to polymers with new and/or enhanced properties. In this context, we introduce herein N-heterocyclic carbene-borane complexes as reagents for a new type of photo-click reaction, the borane-(meth)acrylate click reaction. Remarkably, the higher bond number of boranes relative to thiols induced an increase of the network density associated with faster polymerization kinetics. Solid-state NMR evidenced the strong participation of the boron centers on the network properties, while DMA and AFM showed that the materials exhibit improved mechanical properties, as well as reduced solvent swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Aubry
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jan Blahut
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ladislav Benda
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guido Pintacuda
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, CRMN, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, 68100, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
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12
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Lei G, Xu M, Chang R, Funes-Ardoiz I, Ye J. Hydroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins via Visible-Light-Driven Dual Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11251-11261. [PMID: 34269582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical hydroalkylation of olefins enabled by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis represents a straightforward means to access C(sp3)-rich molecules from abundant feedstock chemicals without the need for prefunctionalization. While Giese-type hydroalkylation of activated olefins initiated by HAT of hydridic carbon-hydrogen bonds is well-precedented, hydroalkylation of unactivated olefins in a similar fashion remains elusive, primarily owing to a lack of general methods to overcome the inherent polarity-mismatch in this scenario. Here, we report the use of visible-light-driven dual HAT catalysis to achieve this goal, where catalytic amounts of an amine-borane and an in situ generated thiol were utilized as the hydrogen atom abstractor and donor, respectively. The reaction is completely atom-economical and exhibits a broad scope. Experimental and computational studies support the proposed mechanism and suggest that hydrogen-bonding between the amine-borane and substrates is beneficial to improving the reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Li N, Yang S, Huang Z, Pan X. Radical Reduction of Polymer Chain-End Functionality by Stoichiometric N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhujun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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14
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Abstract
Herein we report the first synthesis of borylfuroxans via the reaction of sulfonylfuroxans with Lewis base-ligated boranes under radical conditions. As a synthetic application, the transformation of borylfuroxans to a range of 1,2-dioximes and their derivatives is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Liu Y, Li JL, Liu XG, Wu JQ, Huang ZS, Li Q, Wang H. Radical Borylative Cyclization of Isocyanoarenes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Borane: Synthesis of Borylated Aza-arenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1891-1897. [PMID: 33591193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Borylated aza-arenes are of great importance in the area of organic synthesis. A radical borylative cyclization of isocyanoarenes with N-heterocyclic carbene borane (NHC-BH3) under metal-free conditions was developed. The reaction allows the efficient assembly of several types of borylated aza-arenes (phenanthridines, benzothiazoles, etc.), which are difficult to access using alternative methods. Mild reaction conditions, a good functional-group tolerance, and generally good efficiencies were observed. The utility of these products is demonstrated, and the mechanism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ji-Lin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu-Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Kawamoto T, Morioka T, Noguchi K, Curran DP, Kamimura A. Inverse Hydroboration of Imines with NHC-Boranes Is Promoted by Diphenyl Disulfide and Visible Light. Org Lett 2021; 23:1825-1828. [PMID: 33621108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple and efficient procedure for nucleophilic borylation of imines in the absence of a photoredox catalyst. Visible light irradiation of an acetonitrile solution of an imine, an NHC-borane, and diphenyl disulfide (10 mol %) provides various stable α-amino NHC-boranes in good yields. The reaction proceeds via addition of a nucleophilic boryl radical to an imine, followed by hydrogen abstraction from thiophenol, which is generated from NHC-borane and diphenyl disulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kohki Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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17
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Hock A, Werner L, Luz C, Radius U. N-Heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene adducts of gallium hydrides, gallium chlorides and gallium hydrochlorides. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11108-11119. [PMID: 32743616 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (cAAC) gallane and chlorogallane adducts of the type (NHC)·GaH3 (NHC = Me2ImMe1, iPr2Im 2, iPr2ImMe3 and Dipp2ImH4; Me2ImMe = 1,3,4,5-tetra-methyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene; R2Im = 1,3-di-organyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl; Dipp2ImH = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidene), (NHC)·GaH2Cl (NHC = iPr2ImMe9, Dipp2Im 10 and Dipp2ImH11; iPr2ImMe = 1,3 diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene), (NHC)·GaHCl2 (NHC = iPr2ImMe12, Dipp2Im 13 and Dipp2ImH14) and (cAACMe)·GaHCl215 is reported. Compounds 1-3 and 9-11 are unstable in solution as heating to the boiling temperature of toluene (110 °C) leads to decomposition into elemental gallium and the corresponding dihydroaminal NHC-H2. The reaction of the mono-NHC adducts with a second equivalent of NHC also afforded decomposition and formation of NHC-H2, whereas the reaction of the NHC-stabilized gallanes with one equivalent cAACMe leads to an insertion of the cAACMe carbene carbon atom into the Ga-H bond. The synthesis and characterization of (NHC)·GaH2(cAACMeH) (NHC = Me2ImMe5, iPr2ImMe6 and Dipp2Im 7), the products of an oxidative addition of (NHC)·GaH3 to cAACMe, are presented. The adduct (Dipp2ImH)·GaH34 reacts with two equivalents of cAACMe under the release of Dipp2ImH and insertion of two cAACMe molecules into the Ga-H bond to give the bisalkylgallane (cAACMeH)2GaH 8. If one or two hydrogen atoms of the NHC gallane adducts are replaced with an electron-withdrawing chloride substituent, a selective insertion of cAACMe into the Ga-H bond occurs only for the adducts of sterically less demanding NHCs such as iPr2ImMe. The reaction of cAACMe with (iPr2ImMe)·GaH2Cl 9 and (iPr2ImMe)·GaHCl212 afforded (iPr2ImMe)·GaHCl(cAACMeH) 16 and (iPr2ImMe)·GaCl2(cAACMeH) 17. The reaction of cAACMe with (NHC)·GaHCl2 and (NHC)·GaH2Cl (NHC = Dipp2Im, Dipp2ImH), adducts of the sterically more demanding NHCs, leads to an extrusion of the NHC to (cAACMe)·GaHCl215 and (cAACMeH)2GaCl 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Luis Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Luz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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18
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Zhu C, Dong J, Liu X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Li S, Zhu C. Photoredox‐Controlled β‐Regioselective Radical Hydroboration of Activated Alkenes with NHC‐Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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19
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Zhu C, Dong J, Liu X, Gao L, Zhao Y, Xie J, Li S, Zhu C. Photoredox‐Controlled β‐Regioselective Radical Hydroboration of Activated Alkenes with NHC‐Boranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12817-12821. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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20
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Xia P, Song D, Ye Z, Hu Y, Xiao J, Xiang H, Chen X, Yang H. Photoinduced Single‐Electron Transfer as an Enabling Principle in the Radical Borylation of Alkenes with NHC–Borane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Dan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Zhuo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and PhysicsNanning Normal University Nanning 530001 Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product SafetyCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product SafetyCentral South University Changsha 410083 P. R. China
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21
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Kawamoto T, Oritani K, Kawabata A, Morioka T, Matsubara H, Kamimura A. Hydrodecyanation of Secondary Alkyl Nitriles and Malononitriles to Alkanes using DiMeImd-BH 3. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6137-6142. [PMID: 32227846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The decyanation of secondary aliphatic nitriles and the 2-fold decyanation of malononitriles leading to alkanes in the presence of 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene borane (diMeImd-BH3) are reported. These reactions proceed via a radical mechanism that involves the addition of a borane radical to the nitrile to form an iminyl radical, followed by cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. Theoretical calculations suggest that the β-cleavage of these iminyl radicals, which affords NHC-BH2CN and the corresponding alkyl radicals, is the rate-determining step in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Morioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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22
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Xia PJ, Ye ZP, Hu YZ, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Photocatalytic C-F Bond Borylation of Polyfluoroarenes with NHC-boranes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1742-1747. [PMID: 32052975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first photoredox-catalyzed defluoroborylation of polyfluoroarenes with NHC-BH3 has been facilely achieved at room temperature via a single-electron-transfer (SET)/radical addition pathway. This new strategy makes full use of the advantage of photoredox catalysis to generate the key boryl radical via direct activation of a B-H bond. Good functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity offer this protocol incomparable advantages in preparing a wide array of valuable polyfluoroarylboron compounds. Moreover, both computational and experimental studies were performed to illustrate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
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23
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Xia PJ, Song D, Ye ZP, Hu YZ, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. Photoinduced Single-Electron Transfer as an Enabling Principle in the Radical Borylation of Alkenes with NHC-Borane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6706-6710. [PMID: 31849140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced SET process enables the direct B-H bond activation of NHC-boranes. In contrast to common hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategies, this photoinduced reaction simply takes advantage of the beneficial redox potentials of NHC-boranes, thus obviating the need for extra radical initiators. The resulting NHC-boryl radical was used for the borylation of a wide range of α-trifluoromethylalkenes and alkenes with diverse electronic and structural features, providing facile access to highly functionalized borylated molecules. Labeling and photoquenching experiments provide insight into the mechanism of this photoinduced SET pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ju Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Dan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhuo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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24
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Breder A, Depken C. Lichtgetriebene Ein‐Elektronen‐Transferprozesse als Funktionsprinzip in der Schwefel‐ und Selen‐Multikatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Breder
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regenburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Christian Depken
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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25
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Breder A, Depken C. Light‐Driven Single‐Electron Transfer Processes as an Enabling Principle in Sulfur and Selenium Multicatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17130-17147. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Breder
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regenburg Deutschland
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Christian Depken
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieUniversität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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26
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Vallet A, Telitel S, Lalevée J, Lacôte E. Reactivity of B‐Xanthyl N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Boranes. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Laure Vallet
- ICSN-CNRSBâtiment 27 1 avenue de la Terrasse FR-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Sofia Telitel
- Université de Haute-AlsaceCNRSIS2M UMR 7361 FR-68100 Mulhouse France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-AlsaceCNRSIS2M UMR 7361 FR-68100 Mulhouse France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ. LyonUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSCNESArianeGroupLHCEPBât. Raulin 2 rue Victor Grignard FR-69622 Villeurbanne France
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27
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Lv C, Du Y, Pan X. Alkylboranes in Conventional and Controlled Radical Polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yuxuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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28
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Aupic C, Abdou Mohamed A, Figliola C, Nava P, Tuccio B, Chouraqui G, Parrain JL, Chuzel O. Highly diastereoselective preparation of chiral NHC-boranes stereogenic at the boron atom. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6524-6530. [PMID: 31341605 PMCID: PMC6611065 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereogenic main group elements are clearly generating interest in the enantioselective catalysis field. Surprisingly, while chiral organoboron reagents are very useful in stereoselective transformations, few scaffolds stereogenic at boron and configurationally stable have been reported to date. Herein, we describe an original library of chiral NHC-boranes, stereogenic at the boron atom, that has been prepared in only a few steps and in good yields (up to 93%). Key steps involve a chlorination/arylation sequence in the presence of simple Grignard reagents from bicyclic NHC-boranes. The high and unprecedented diastereoselectivity observed during the second step (up to 99 : 1 dr) has been rationalized through a plausible SRN1 mechanism thanks to EPR observations and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Aupic
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | - Amel Abdou Mohamed
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | - Carlotta Figliola
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | - Paola Nava
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | | | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS , Centrale Marseille, iSm2 , Marseille , France .
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29
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Ren SC, Zhang FL, Xu AQ, Yang Y, Zheng M, Zhou X, Fu Y, Wang YF. Regioselective radical α-borylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds for direct synthesis of α-borylcarbonyl molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1934. [PMID: 31036844 PMCID: PMC6488649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoboron compounds are highly valuable in synthetic chemistry. In particular, α-borylcarbonyl compounds have shown versatile synthetic applications, owing to fruitful chemistries of both the boryl and carbonyl moieties. However, the synthesis of these molecules still remains tedious and time-consuming. Here we report a straightforward and practical route to synthesize α-borylcarbonyl molecules based on a regioselective radical α-borylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction features unusual α-regioselectivity and high functional-group compatibility. Further synthetic applications of new α-borylated products were also demonstrated. DFT and kinetic studies implicated that the α-regioselectivity of β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was determined by the thermodynamically more favorable radical α-addition step, whereas the formation of α-addition products from β-alkyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds was driven by an energetically favored hydrogen atom transfer step. Given that α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds can be easily obtained in abundance and variety, this method enjoys great advantages in diverse and economical synthesis of valuable α-borylcarbonyl molecules. α-Borylcarbonyl compounds are versatile synthons in organic synthesis, however their preparation is often tedious. Here, the authors report a regioselective radical α-borylation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to afford α-borylcarbonyl molecules with high selectivity and functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ai-Qing Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yinuo Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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30
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Vallet AL, Lacôte E. Thiolation of NHC-boranes: influence of the substitution at boron. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4234-4237. [PMID: 30951071 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-boryl sulfides with B-substituents were prepared. The added steric hindrance leads to much improved selectivities as only the NHC-boryl mono-sulfides were obtained. The B-substituted NHC-boranes are also conducive to more selective S to N NHC-boryl shift, provided that the NHC used is not too sterically demanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Vallet
- ICSN-CNRS, Bâtiment 27, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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31
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Guo A, Han JB, Zhu L, Wei Y, Tang XY. Site-Selective α-Alkoxyl Alkynation of Alkyl Esters Mediated by Boryl Radicals. Org Lett 2019; 21:2927-2931. [PMID: 30924668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for site-selective C-H functionalization of ethyl acetate mediated by pyridine-boryl radicals is presented, delivering a variety of 4-phenylbut-3-yn-2-yl acetate derivatives under mild conditions. A distinguishing feature of this reaction is that the pyridine-ligated boryl radicals can abstract the inactive α-hydrogen of the alkoxyl group instead of the α-hydrogen of carbonyl groups described in a previous report using amine-ligated boryl radicals. Significantly, substrates with halogen atoms are compatible under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Hubei Engineering University , Hubei 432000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Li JH, Huang Q, Rao W, Wang SY, Ji SJ. A trisulfur radical anion (S3˙−) involved sulfur insertion reaction of 1,3-enynes: sulfide sources control chemoselective synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes and 3-thienyl disulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7808-7811. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03604k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cascade cyclization reactions of S3˙−in situ generated from S2− with 1,3-enynes for the chemoselective synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes and 3-thienyl disulfides controlled by sulfide salts are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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33
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Cheng Z, Jin W, Liu C. B2pin2-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of a CC double bond with molecular oxygen. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01412d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
B2pin2-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of the CC double bond of an olefin with molecular oxygen as the oxidant and oxygen source has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
| | - Weiwei Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xinjiang University
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34
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Jin JK, Zhang FL, Zhao Q, Lu JA, Wang YF. Synthesis of Diverse Boron-Handled N-Heterocycles via Radical Borylative Cyclization of N-Allylcyanamides. Org Lett 2018; 20:7558-7562. [PMID: 30427202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method based on radical borylation/cyclization cascades of N-allylcyanamides was developed to construct diverse boron-substituted N-heterocycles. In the reaction process, the N-heterocyclic carbene-boryl radical underwent a chemo- and regioselective addition to the alkene moiety, followed by cyclization with the N-cyano group. The resulting amide-iminyl radical intermediates underwent further reactions to afford various boron-tethered N-heterocyclic molecules. Further transformations to access synthetically useful building blocks were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jun-An Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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35
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Bowry VW, Chatgilialoglu C. Radical Arene Addition vs Radical Reduction: Why Organometal Hydride Chain Reactions Stop and How To Make Them Go. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10037-10050. [PMID: 30028610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonideal kinetic chain analysis was used to examine the kinetic limitations of free-radical synthesis. Homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS: ArH + R• → ArR + H•) occurs in a chain-terminating side reaction to the tributyltin hydride ( SnH) reduction chain (RX + SnH + ( i•)cat. → RH + SnX). Kinetic modeling of premixed and slow reagent addition reactions have clarified the mechanisms of SM HAS, with the azo initiator ( iNN i) acting not only as radical source but also (as an H• acceptor) as the redox catalyst for aromatization, and/or as a postaddition oxidant. Refractory halides and other hitherto baffling anomalies may arise from the build up of ipso (rather than ortho)-cycloadduct radicals in the steady-state radical population. The implications of these findings for "tin-free" radical chains (and emerging photoredox methods) are considered via historical and recent examples of the effects of chain-degrading radical transfer (to substrate, product, solvent, initiator, and/or reagent ligands) on the reagent's chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W Bowry
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via P. Gobetti 101 , Bologna 40129 , Italy
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36
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Qi J, Zhang FL, Huang YS, Xu AQ, Ren SC, Yi ZY, Wang YF. Radical Borylative Cyclization of 1,6-Dienes: Synthesis of Boron-Substituted Six-Membered Heterocycles and Carbocycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:2360-2364. [PMID: 29624068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A radical borylative cyclization reaction of 1,6-dienes was developed to assemble boron-handled six-membered heterocycles and carbocycles. This reaction was initiated by the chemo- and regio-controlled addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene-boryl radical to one of the alkene tethers, followed by an intramolecular 6- exo cyclization to afford a six-membered ring framework. The utility of this method was demonstrated in the synthesis of diverse paroxetine analogues through late-stage derivatization of the boryl functional unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Qing Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, and Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , 96 Jinzhai Road , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , People's Republic of China
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37
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Guo A, Han JB, Tang XY. Boryl Radicals-Triggered Selective C-H Functionalization for the Synthesis of Diverse Phenanthridine Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:2351-2355. [PMID: 29584434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A boryl radical-triggered C-H functionalization of aliphatic ethers/amines or DMF with isocyanides is developed to deliver diverse phenanthridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. The substrate scope is broad, and a wide range of functional groups are tolerated under the standard conditions. The rapid removal of HBPin species by 4-cyanopyridine 1-oxide provides the driving force for this reaction. This new method should make boryl radicals widely applicable in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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38
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Zhou N, Yuan XA, Zhao Y, Xie J, Zhu C. Synergistic Photoredox Catalysis and Organocatalysis for Inverse Hydroboration of Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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39
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Zhou N, Yuan XA, Zhao Y, Xie J, Zhu C. Synergistic Photoredox Catalysis and Organocatalysis for Inverse Hydroboration of Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3990-3994. [PMID: 29446188 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The first catalytic inverse hydroboration of imines with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes has been realized by means of cooperative organocatalysis and photocatalysis. This catalytic combination provides a promising platform for promoting NHC-boryl radical chemistry under sustainable and radical-initiator-free conditions. The highly important functional-group compatibility and possible application in late-stage hydroborations represent an important step forward to an enhanced α-amino organoboron library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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40
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Kawamoto T, Oritani K, Curran DP, Kamimura A. Thiol-Catalyzed Radical Decyanation of Aliphatic Nitriles with Sodium Borohydride. Org Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kawamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Akio Kamimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
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41
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Cao J, Wang G, Gao L, Cheng X, Li S. Organocatalytic reductive coupling of aldehydes with 1,1-diarylethylenes using an in situ generated pyridine-boryl radical. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3664-3671. [PMID: 29780496 PMCID: PMC5933217 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A pyridine-boryl radical promoted reductive coupling reaction of aldehydes with 1,1-diarylethylenes has been established.
A pyridine-boryl radical promoted reductive coupling reaction of aldehydes with 1,1-diarylethylenes has been established via a combination of computational and experimental studies. Density functional theory calculations and control experiments suggest that the ketyl radical from the addition of the pyridine-boryl radical to aldehydes is the key intermediate for this C–C bond formation reaction. This metal-free reductive coupling reaction features a broad substrate scope and good functional compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P. R. China . .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yan'an University , Yan'an 716000 , P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P. R. China .
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Material , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education , Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , P. R. China .
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42
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Yu YJ, Zhang FL, Cheng J, Hei JH, Deng WT, Wang YF. Lewis Base–Boryl Radicals Enabled the Desulfurizative Reduction and Annulation of Thioamides. Org Lett 2017; 20:24-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Hao Hei
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Ting Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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43
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Yan G, Huang D, Wu X. Recent Advances in C-B Bond Formation through a Free Radical Pathway. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 People's Republic of China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 People's Republic of China
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44
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Ren SC, Zhang FL, Qi J, Huang YS, Xu AQ, Yan HY, Wang YF. Radical Borylation/Cyclization Cascade of 1,6-Enynes for the Synthesis of Boron-Handled Hetero- and Carbocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6050-6053. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yun-Shuai Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ai-Qing Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hong-Yi Yan
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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45
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Wang MH, Chen LY. An efficient FeCl 3 -mediated approach for reduction of ketones through N -heterocyclic carbene boranes. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Allen TH, Geib SJ, Curran DP. Radical and Thermal Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes with Diazo Compounds. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Steven J. Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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47
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48
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Li Y, Liu D, Liu C, Lei A. Oxidative β-Csp3−H Functionalization oftBuOH: A Selective Radical/Radical Cross-Coupling Access to β-Hydroxy Thioethers. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2246-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS); Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P. R. China
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49
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Xiao XD, Bai YL, Liu JQ, Wang JW. Synthesis of novel pillar[5]arene-based N -heterocyclic carbene ligands for Pd-catalysed Heck reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Zhao D, Xie Z. Visible-Light-Promoted Photocatalytic B−C Coupling via a Boron-Centered Carboranyl Radical: Facile Synthesis of B(3)-Arylatedo-Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3166-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic, Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic, Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, N.T. Hong Kong China
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