1
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Xia DL, Ding SP, Ye Z, Yang C, Xu JT. Poly(ethylene oxide)- and Polyzwitterion-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers for Solid Electrolytes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2145. [PMID: 38730953 PMCID: PMC11085580 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In this article, ABA triblock copolymer (tri-BCP) thermoplastic elastomers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) middle block and polyzwitterionic poly(4-vinylpyridine) propane-1-sulfonate (PVPS) outer blocks were synthesized. The PVPS-b-PEO-b-PVPS tri-BCPs were doped with lithium bis-(trifluoromethane-sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and used as solid polyelectrolytes (SPEs). The thermal properties and microphase separation behavior of the tri-BCP/LiTFSI hybrids were studied. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results revealed that all tri-BCPs formed asymmetric lamellar structures in the range of PVPS volume fractions from 12.9% to 26.1%. The microphase separation strength was enhanced with increasing the PVPS fraction (fPVPS) but was weakened as the doping ratio increased, which affected the thermal properties of the hybrids, such as melting temperature and glass transition temperature, to some extent. As compared with the PEO/LiTFSI hybrids, the PVPS-b-PEO-b-PVPS/LiTFSI hybrids could achieve both higher modulus and higher ionic conductivity, which were attributed to the physical crosslinking and the assistance in dissociation of Li+ ions by the PVPS blocks, respectively. On the basis of excellent electrical and mechanical performances, the PVPS-b-PEO-b-PVPS/LiTFSI hybrids can potentially be used as solid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun-Ting Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (D.-L.X.); (S.-P.D.); (Z.Y.); (C.Y.)
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2
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Tseng YH, Liao CW, Lin YL, Fan YC, Chang CW, Chang CT, Chen JT. Solvent-Tailored Reversible Self-Assembly: Unveiling Ionic Transport Nanochannels in Block Copolymer Composite Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2716-2725. [PMID: 38085978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Block copolymer composite electrolytes have gained extensive attention for their promising performance in ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, making them valuable for future technologies. The control of the ionic conductivity through the self-assembly of block copolymers, however, remains a great challenge, especially in confined environments. In this study, we prepare block copolymer composite electrolytes using polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO, SEO) as the polymer matrix and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates as the ceramic skeleton. The self-assembly of SEO creates nanoscale ion transport pathways in the PEO regions through ionic interactions with lithium salts. The nanopores of the AAO templates provide a confined environment for complex phase separation of SEO controlled by selective solvent vapor annealing. Our findings demonstrate that transforming self-assembled SEO structures allows for precise control of ion transport pathways with cylindrical structures exhibiting 20 times higher ionic conductivities than those of helical structures. For AAO templates with pore diameters of 20 nm (SEO-LiTFSI@AAO-20), the ionic conductivities are approximately 410 times higher than those with pore diameters of 200 nm (SEO-LiTFSI@AAO-200), owing to the larger specific surface areas within the smaller nanopores. Utilizing the self-assembly of SEO not only enables the construction of vertically aligned ion transport channels on various scales but also offers a fascinating approach to tailor the conductive capabilities of composite electrolytes, enhancing the ion transport efficiency and allowing for the flexible design of block copolymer composite electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Chih-Wei Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Yu-Liang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Yi-Chun Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Chun-Ting Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093
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3
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Wang X, Thelen JL, Li X, Balsara NP, Garetz BA. Exponential vs Gaussian Correlation Functions in the Characterization of Block Copolymer Grain Structure by Depolarized Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2024; 57:54-62. [PMID: 38222028 PMCID: PMC10782480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) grain structure affects the mechanical, optical, and electrical properties of BCP materials, making the accurate characterization of this grain structure an important goal. In this study, improved BCP grain parameters were obtained by employing an exponentially decaying correlation function within the ellipsoidal grain model, instead of the Gaussian correlation function that was used in previous work. The exponential correlation function provides a better fit to the experimental depolarized light scattering data, which outweighs the disadvantage that it requires numerical integration to obtain the model scattered intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Jacob L. Thelen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bruce A. Garetz
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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4
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Goujon N, Mendes T, Barlow KJ, Kerr R, O'Dell LA, Chiefari J, Howlett PC, Forsyth M. Single‐ion conducting polymer as lithium salt additive in polymerized ionic liquid block copolymer electrolyte. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Goujon
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Kristine J. Barlow
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Luke A. O'Dell
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Patrick C. Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia
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5
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Lin H, Nie Z, Shang E, Dai S. An Adaptive Local Iterative Method for Fast Calculation of Electrostatic Interactions between Charged Polymers in Dielectric Inhomogeneous System. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhiji Nie
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Enlong Shang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Shuyang Dai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
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6
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Zhang B, Cui S, Lodge TP, Bates FS. Structure and Phase Behavior of Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer-Linear Homopolymer Ternary Blends. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shuquan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Zhu C, Pedretti BJ, Kuehster L, Ganesan V, Sanoja GE, Lynd NA. Ionic Conductivity, Salt Partitioning, and Phase Separation in High-Dielectric Contrast Polyether Blends and Block Polymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Congzhi Zhu
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Pedretti
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Louise Kuehster
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Kong X, Qin J. Microphase Separation in Neutral Homopolymer Blends Induced by Salt-Doping. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Kong
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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9
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Lee J, Gao KW, Shah NJ, Kang C, Snyder RL, Abel BA, He L, Teixeira SCM, Coates GW, Balsara NP. Relationship between Ion Transport and Phase Behavior in Acetal-Based Polymer Blend Electrolytes Studied by Electrochemical Characterization and Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Neel J. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Cheol Kang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14850, United States
| | - Rachel L. Snyder
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14850, United States
| | - Brooks A. Abel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Lilin He
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Susana C. M. Teixeira
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York14850, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
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10
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Grundy LS, Fu S, Galluzzo MD, Balsara NP. The Effect of Annealing on the Grain Structure and Ionic Conductivity of Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Sean Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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11
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Wu X, Song T, Wei Z, Shen L, Jiang H, Ke Y, He C, Yang H, Shi W. Promoted liquid-liquid phase separation of PEO/PS blends with very low LiTFSI fraction. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Park J, Winey KI. Double Gyroid Morphologies in Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers Synthesized via Step-Growth Polymerization. JACS AU 2022; 2:1769-1780. [PMID: 36032527 PMCID: PMC9400044 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The double gyroid structure was first reported in diblock copolymers about 30 years ago, and the complexity of this morphology relative to the other ordered morphologies in block copolymers continues to fascinate the soft matter community. The double gyroid microphase-separated morphology has co-continuous domains of both species, and the minority phase is subdivided into two interpenetrating network structures. In addition to diblock copolymers, this structure has been reported in similar systems including diblock copolymers blended with one or two homopolymers and ABA-type triblock copolymers. Given the narrow composition region over which the double gyroid structure is typically observed (∼3 vol %), anionic polymerization has dominated the synthesis of block copolymers to control their composition and molecular weight. This perspective will highlight recent studies that (1) employ an alternative polymerization method to make block copolymers and (2) report double gyroid structures with lattice parameters below 10 nm. Specifically, step-growth polymerization linked precise polyethylene blocks and short sulfonate-containing blocks to form strictly alternating multiblock copolymers, and these copolymers produce the double gyroid structure over a dramatically wider composition range (>14 vol %). These new (AB) n multiblock copolymers self-assemble into the double gyroid structure by having exceptional control over the polymer architecture and large interaction parameters between the blocks. This perspective proposes criteria for a broader and synthetically more accessible range of polymers that self-assemble into double gyroids and other ordered structures, so that these remarkable structures can be employed to solve a variety of technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Grundy LS, Galluzzo MD, Loo WS, Fong AY, Balsara NP, Takacs CJ. Inaccessible Polarization-Induced Phase Transitions in a Block Copolymer Electrolyte: An Unconventional Mechanism for the Limiting Current. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony Y. Fong
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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14
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Zhang ZK, Ding SP, Ye Z, Xia DL, Xu JT. Thermodynamic understanding the phase behavior of fully quaternized poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Zheng C, Zhang B, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Self-Assembly of Partially Charged Diblock Copolymer-Homopolymer Ternary Blends. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caini Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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16
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Grim BJ, Green MD. Thermodynamics and Structure‐Property Relationships of Charged Block Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Grim
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Matthew D. Green
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
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17
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Zhang S, Kumar R. Effects of Local Order Parameter Dependent Transport Coefficient in Diblock Copolymers Under Applied Electric Fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174903. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an approach for constructing thermodynamically consistent time-dependent models relevant to thin films of diblock copolymers in applied electric fields. The approach is based on the principles of linear irreversible thermodynamics and in this work, it is applied to study the effects of electric fields on thin films of incompressible diblock copolymers. Enforcement of local incompressibility constraint at all times leads to a local order parameter dependent transport coefficient in the model for the diblock copolymers. The dependence of transport coefficient on the local order parameter is used to relate it with diffusion constant of Rouse chains and leads to sensitivity of the model to initial conditions. Also, transient behavior is found to be a affected when compared with an ad hoc model assuming a constant transport coefficient. Numerical results such as electric field induced alignment of lamellae domains due to the field are found to be in qualitative agreements with experiments.This approach opens up a systematic way of developing kinetic models for simulating effects of electrolytes added to thin films containing diblock copolymers in the presence of applied electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States of America
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18
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Dreier P, Pipertzis A, Spyridakou M, Mathes R, Floudas G, Frey H. Introduction of Trifluoromethanesulfonamide Groups in Poly(ethylene oxide): Ionic Conductivity of Single-Ion-Conducting Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dreier
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | | | | | - Robin Mathes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55099, Germany
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19
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Mandal P, Marcasuzaa P, Billon L. para-Fluoro/thiol click chemistry-driven pentafluorostyrene-based block copolymer self-assembly: to mimic or not to mimic the solubility parameter? Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This investigation reports the controlled transition from disordered/nano-segregated poly(styrene-b-pentafluorostyrene) (PS-b-PPFS)-based block copolymers after a subsequent para-fluoro/thiol click reaction with different functional thiol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithwiraj Mandal
- Université de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-inspired Materials group: Functionalities & Self-assembly, E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Pierre Marcasuzaa
- Université de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-inspired Materials group: Functionalities & Self-assembly, E2S UPPA, Pau, France
| | - Laurent Billon
- Université de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, UMR5254, 64000 Pau, France
- Bio-inspired Materials group: Functionalities & Self-assembly, E2S UPPA, Pau, France
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20
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Ketkar PM, Epps TH. Nanostructured Block Polymer Electrolytes: Tailoring Self-Assembly to Unlock the Potential in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4342-4353. [PMID: 34783520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusIon-containing solid block polymer (BP) electrolytes can self-assemble into microphase-separated domains to facilitate the independent optimization of ion conduction and mechanical stability; this assembly behavior has the potential to improve the functionality and safety of lithium-ion batteries over liquid electrolytes to meet future demands (e.g., large capacities and long lifetimes) in various applications. However, significant enhancements in the ionic conductivity and processability of BPs must be realized for BP-based electrolytes to become robust alternatives in commercial devices. Toward this end, the controlled modification of BP electrolytes' intra-domain (nanometer-scale) and multi-grain (micrometer-scale) structure is one viable approach; intra-domain ion transport and segmental compatibility (related to the effective Flory-Huggins parameter, χeff) can be increased by tuning the ion and monomer-segment distributions, and the morphology can be selected such that the multi-grain transport is less sensitive to grain size and orientation.To highlight the characteristics of intra-domain structure that promote efficient ion transport, this Account begins by describing the relationship between BP thermodynamics (namely, χeff and the statistical segment length, b, which is indicative of chain stiffness) and local ion concentration. These thermodynamic insights are vital because they inform the selection of synthesis and formulation variables, such as polymer and ion chemistry, polymer molecular weight and composition, and ion concentration, which boost electrolyte performance. In addition to its relationship with local ion transport, χeff is also an important factor with respect to electrolyte processability. For example, a reduced χeff can allow BP electrolytes to be processed at lower temperatures (i.e., lower energy input), with less solvent (i.e., reduced waste), and/or for shorter times (i.e., higher throughput) yet still form desired nanostructures. This Account also examines the impact of electrolyte preparation and processing on the ion transport across nanostructured grains because of grain size and orientation. As morphologies with a 3D-connected versus 2D-connected conducting phase show different sensitivities to conductivity losses that can occur because of the fabrication methods, it is necessary to account for electrolyte processing effects when probing ion transport.The intra-domain and micrometer-scale structure also can be tuned using either tapered BPs (macromolecules with modified monomer-segment composition profiles between two homogeneous blocks) or blends of BPs and homopolymers, independent of the BP molecular weight and composition, as detailed herein. The application of TBPs or BP/HP blends as ion-conducting materials leads to improved ion transport, reduced χeff, and greater availability of morphologies with 3D connectivity relative to traditional (non-tapered and unblended) BP electrolytes. This feature results from the fact that ion transport is related more closely to the monomer-segment distributions within a domain than the overall nanoscale morphology or average polymer/ion mobilities. Taken together, this Account describes how ion transport and processability are influenced by BP architecture and nanostructural features, and it provides avenues to tune nanoassemblies that can contribute to improved lithium-ion battery technologies to meet future demands.
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21
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Zhang Z, Ding S, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Wang R, Du B, Xu J. Influence of Salt Doping on the Entropy‐Driven Lower Disorder‐to‐Order Transition Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide)‐
b
‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze‐Kun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Shi‐Peng Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yi‐Ting Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ze Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Rui‐Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 790‐784 Korea
| | - Bin‐Yang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jun‐Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Patrick Blatt
- Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Daniel T. Hallinan
- Florida A&M University-Florida State University (FAMU-FSU) College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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23
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Mayer A, Steinle D, Passerini S, Bresser D. Block copolymers as (single-ion conducting) lithium battery electrolytes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:062002. [PMID: 34624873 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries are considered the next big step towards the realization of intrinsically safer high-energy lithium batteries for the steadily increasing implementation of this technology in electronic devices and particularly, electric vehicles. However, so far only electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) have been successfully commercialized despite their limited stability towards oxidation and low ionic conductivity at room temperature. Block copolymer (BCP) electrolytes are believed to provide significant advantages thanks to their tailorable properties. Thus, research activities in this field have been continuously expanding in recent years with great progress to enhance their performance and deepen the understanding towards the interplay between their chemistry, structure, electrochemical properties, and charge transport mechanism. Herein, we review this progress with a specific focus on the block-copolymer nanostructure and ionic conductivity, the latest works, as well as the early studies that are fr"equently overlooked by researchers newly entering this field. Moreover, we discuss the impact of adding a lithium salt in comparison to single-ion conducting BCP electrolytes along with the encouraging features of these materials and the remaining challenges that are yet to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mayer
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Steinle
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominic Bresser
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Sub-3-Nanometer Domain Spacings of Ultrahigh-χ Multiblock Copolymers with Pendant Ionic Groups. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16738-16747. [PMID: 34617441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the temperature-dependent phase behavior and interaction parameter of polyethylene-based multiblock copolymers with pendant ionic groups. These step-growth polymers contain short polyester blocks with a single Li+SO3- group strictly alternating with polyethylene blocks of x-carbons (PESxLi, x = 12, 18, 23). At room temperature, these polymers exhibit layered morphologies with semicrystalline polyethylene blocks. Upon heating above the melting point (∼130 °C), PES18Li shows two order-to-order transitions involving Ia3̅d gyroid and hexagonal morphologies. For PES12Li, an order-to-disorder transition accompanies the melting of the polyethylene blocks. Notably, a Flory-Huggins interaction parameter was determined from the disordered morphologies of PES12Li using mean-field theory: χ(T) = 77.4/T + 2.95 (T in Kelvin) and χ(25 °C) ≈ 3.21. This ultrahigh χ indicates that the polar ionic and nonpolar polyethylene segments are highly incompatible and affords well-ordered morphologies even when the combined length of the alternating blocks is just 18-29 backbone atoms. This combination of ultrahigh χ and short multiblocks produces sub-3-nm domain spacings that facilitate the control of block copolymer self-assembly for various fields of study, including nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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25
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Xu H, Mahanthappa MK. Ionic Conductivities of Broad Dispersity Lithium Salt-Doped Polystyrene/Poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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Galluzzo MD, Grundy LS, Takacs CJ, Cao C, Steinrück HG, Fu S, Rivas Valadez MA, Toney MF, Balsara NP. Orientation-Dependent Distortion of Lamellae in a Block Copolymer Electrolyte under DC Polarization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Chuntian Cao
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department Chemie, Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Sean Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael A. Rivas Valadez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Zhang B, Zheng C, Sims MB, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Influence of Charge Fraction on the Phase Behavior of Symmetric Single-Ion Conducting Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1035-1040. [PMID: 35549119 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of symmetric poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-block-polystyrene (PsOEGMA-PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized as a model system to probe the effect of charge fraction on the phase behavior of charged-neutral single-ion conducting diblock copolymers. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments showed that increasing the charge fraction does not alter the ordered phase morphology (lamellar) but increases the order-disorder transition temperature (TODT) significantly. Additionally, the effective Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χeff) was found to increase linearly with the charge fraction, similar to the case of conventional salt-doped diblock copolymers. This indicates that the effect of counterion solvation, attributed to the significant mismatch between the dielectric constant of each block, provides the dominant effect in tuning the phase behavior of this charged diblock copolymer. We therefore infer that electrostatic cohesion (local charge ordering induced by Coulombic interactions), which is predicted to suppress microphase separation and lead to asymmetric phase diagrams, only plays a minor role in this model system.
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28
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Min J, Jung HY, Jeong S, Lee B, Son CY, Park MJ. Enhancing ion transport in charged block copolymers by stabilizing low symmetry morphology: Electrostatic control of interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107987118. [PMID: 34344828 PMCID: PMC8364204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107987118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interest in charged polymers has been rapidly growing due to their uses in energy storage and transfer devices. Yet, polymer electrolyte-based devices are not on the immediate horizon because of the low ionic conductivity. In the present study, we developed a methodology to enhance the ionic conductivity of charged block copolymers comprising ionic liquids through the electrostatic control of the interfacial layers. Unprecedented reentrant phase transitions between lamellar and A15 structures were seen, which cannot be explained by well-established thermodynamic factors. X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations revealed the formation of fascinating, thin ionic shell layers composed of ionic complexes. The ionic liquid cations of these complexes predominantly presented near the micellar interfaces if they had strong binding affinity with the charged polymer chains. Therefore, the interfacial properties and concentration fluctuations of the A15 structures were crucially dependent on the type of tethered acid groups in the polymers. Overall, the stabilization energies of the A15 structures were greater when enriched, attractive electrostatic interactions were present at the micellar interfaces. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that block copolymer interfaces act as "dead zone" to significantly deteriorate ion transport, this study establishes a prospective avenue for advanced polymer electrolyte having tailor-made interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Min
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ha Young Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea;
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea;
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29
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Kong X, Hou KJY, Qin J. Weakening of Solvation-Induced Ordering by Composition Fluctuation in Salt-Doped Block Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:545-550. [PMID: 35570763 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous ordering of block polymers doped with ions is affected by both selective solvation and long-range Coulombic interaction. The mean-field treatment was recently shown to overestimate the solvation-induced ordering, requiring a large solvation radius to fit experimental phase diagrams, which may be relieved by including composition fluctuations. Treating the composition fluctuations in such systems is challenging because of the need of resolving heterogeneous dielectric profile that couples with the ordering itself. Starting from a minimal model, we develop a Landau-Brazovskiĭ expansion for the free energy of salt-doped block polymer near the ordering transition. It is found that the wavelength for typical composition fluctuations first decreases with salt doping, due to Coulombic interaction, then increases due to ionic solvation. Two mechanisms that weaken the solvation-enhanced ordering are identified: the Brazovskiĭ-type composition fluctuation that stabilizes disordered phase, and the coupling between mismatch in dispersion interaction and the dielectric permittivity through monomeric polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kevin Jia-Yu Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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30
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Grzetic DJ, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Electrostatic Manipulation of Phase Behavior in Immiscible Charged Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Grzetic
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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31
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Shah NJ, Dadashi-Silab S, Galluzzo MD, Chakraborty S, Loo WS, Matyjaszewski K, Balsara NP. Effect of Added Salt on Disordered Poly(ethylene oxide)-Block-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neel J. Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Galluzzo MD, Loo WS, Schaible E, Zhu C, Balsara NP. Dynamic Structure and Phase Behavior of a Block Copolymer Electrolyte under dc Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57421-57430. [PMID: 33307687 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important consideration when designing lithium battery electrolytes for advanced applications is how the electrolyte facilitates ion transport at fast charge and discharge rates. Large current densities are accompanied by large salt concentration gradients across the electrolyte. Nanostructured composite electrolytes have been proposed to enable the use of high energy density lithium metal anodes, but many questions about the interplay between the electrolyte morphology and the salt concentration gradient that forms under dc polarization remain unanswered. To address these questions, we use an in situ small-angle X-ray scattering technique to examine the nanostructure of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymer electrolyte under dc polarization with spatial and temporal resolution. In the quiescent state, the electrolyte exhibits a lamellar morphology. The passage of ionic current in a lithium symmetric cell leads to the formation of concurrent phases: a disordered morphology near the negative electrode, lamellae in the center of the cell, and coexisting lamellae and gyroid near the positive electrode. The most surprising result of this study was obtained after the applied electric field was turned off: a current-induced gyroid phase grows in volume for 6 h in spite of the absence of an obvious driving force. We show that this reflects the formation of localized pockets of salt-dense electrolyte, termed concentration hotspots, under dc polarization. Our methods may be applied to understand the dynamic structure of composite electrolytes at appreciable current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Shen Z, Chen QP, Xie S, Lodge TP, Siepmann JI. Effects of Electrolytes on Thermodynamics and Structure of Oligo(ethylene oxide)/Salt Solutions and Liquid–Liquid Equilibria of a Squalane/Tetraethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether Blend. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Qile P. Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Shuyi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - J. Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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34
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Xie S, Lindsay AP, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Formation of a C15 Laves Phase with a Giant Unit Cell in Salt-Doped A/B/AB Ternary Polymer Blends. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13754-13764. [PMID: 32866375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt-doped A/B/AB ternary polymer blends, wherein an AB copolymer acts as a surfactant to stabilize otherwise incompatible A and B homopolymers, display a wide range of nanostructured morphologies with significant tunability. Among these structures, a bicontinuous microemulsion (BμE) has been a notable target. Here, we report the surprising appearance of a robust C15 Laves phase, at compositions near where the BμE has recently been reported, in lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI)-doped low-molar-mass poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/polystyrene (PS)/symmetric PS-b-PEO block copolymer blends. The materials were analyzed by a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 1H NMR spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The C15 phase emerges at a high total homopolymer volume fraction ϕH = 0.8 with a salt composition r = 0.06 (Li+/[EO]) and persists as a coexisting phase across a large area of the isothermal phase diagram with high PS homopolymer compositions. Notably, the structure exhibits a huge unit cell size, a = 121 nm, with an unusually high micelle core volume fraction (fcore = 0.41) and an unusually low fraction of amphiphile (20%). This unit cell dimension is at least 50% larger than any previously reported C15 phase in soft matter, despite the low molar masses used, unlocking the possibility of copolymer-based photonic crystals without compromising processability. The nanostructured phase evolution from lamellar to hexagonal to C15 along the EO60 isopleth (ϕPEO,homo-LiTFSI/ϕH = 0.6) is rationalized as a consequence of asymmetry in the homopolymer solubility limit for each block, which leads to exclusion of PS homopolymer from the PS-b-PEO brush prior to exclusion of the PEO homopolymer, driving increased interfacial curvature and favoring the emergence of the C15 Laves phase.
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35
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Xie S, Zhang B, Mao Y, He L, Hong K, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Influence of Added Salt on Chain Conformations in Poly(ethylene oxide) Melts: SANS Analysis with Complications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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36
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Sharon D, Bennington P, Dolejsi M, Webb MA, Dong BX, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF, Patel SN. Intrinsic Ion Transport Properties of Block Copolymer Electrolytes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8902-8914. [PMID: 32496776 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of intrinsic properties is of central importance for materials design and assessing suitability for specific applications. Self-assembling block copolymer electrolytes (BCEs) are of great interest for applications in solid-state energy storage devices. A fundamental understanding of ion transport properties, however, is hindered by the difficulty in deconvoluting extrinsic factors, such as defects, from intrinsic factors, such as the presence of interfaces between the domains. Here, we quantify the intrinsic ion transport properties of a model BCE system consisting of poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (SEO) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt using a generalizable strategy of depositing thin films on interdigitated electrodes and self-assembling fully connected parallel lamellar structures throughout the films. Comparison between conductivity in homopolymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-LiTFSI electrolytes and the analogous conducting material in SEO over a range of salt concentrations (r, molar ratio of lithium ion to ethylene oxide repeat units) and temperatures reveals that between 20% and 50% of the PEO in SEO is inactive. Using mean-field theory calculations of the domain structure and monomer concentration profiles at domain interfaces-both of which vary substantially with salt concentration-the fraction of inactive PEO in the SEO, as derived from conductivity measurements, can be quantitatively reconciled with the fraction of PEO that is mixed with greater than a few volume percent of polystyrene. Despite the detrimental interfacial effects for ion transport in BCEs, the intrinsic conductivity of the SEO studied here (ca. 10-3 S/cm at 90 °C, r = 0.085) is an order of magnitude higher than reported values from bulk samples of similar molecular weight SEO (ca. 10-4 S/cm at 90 °C, r = 0.085). Overall, this work provides motivation and methods for pursuing improved BCE chemical design, interfacial engineering, and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sharon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peter Bennington
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Moshe Dolejsi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael A Webb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 50-70 Olden Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Ban Xuan Dong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shrayesh N Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Gao KW, Loo WS, Snyder RL, Abel BA, Choo Y, Lee A, Teixeira SCM, Garetz BA, Coates GW, Balsara NP. Miscible Polyether/Poly(ether–acetal) Electrolyte Blends. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rachel L. Snyder
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Brooks A. Abel
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Youngwoo Choo
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Susana C. M. Teixeira
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bruce A. Garetz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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Wang RY, Zhang ZK, Guo XS, Cao XH, Zhang TY, Tong ZZ, Xu JT, Du BY, Fan ZQ. Mechanistic Study of the Influence of Salt Species on the Lower Disorder-to-Order Transition Behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide)- b-Poly(ionic liquid)/Salt Hybrids. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze-Kun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zai-Zai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology (ATMT), Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun-Ting Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bin-Yang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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39
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Loo WS, Faraone A, Grundy LS, Gao KW, Balsara NP. Polymer Dynamics in Block Copolymer Electrolytes Detected by Neutron Spin Echo. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:639-645. [PMID: 35648570 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymer chain dynamics of a nanostructured block copolymer electrolyte, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) mixed with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, are investigated by neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy on the 0.1-100 ns time scale and analyzed using the Rouse model at short times (t ≤ 10 ns) and the reptation tube model at long times (t ≥ 50 ns). In the Rouse regime, the monomeric friction coefficient increases with increasing salt concentration, as seen previously in homopolymer electrolytes. In the reptation regime, the tube diameters, which represent entanglement constraints, decrease with increasing salt concentration. The normalized longest molecular relaxation time, calculated from the NSE results, increases with increasing salt concentration. We argue that quantifying chain motion in the presence of ions is essential for predicting the behavior of polymer-electrolyte-based batteries operating at large currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antonio Faraone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Hou KJ, Loo WS, Balsara NP, Qin J. Comparing Experimental Phase Behavior of Ion-Doped Block Copolymers with Theoretical Predictions Based on Selective Ion Solvation. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Hou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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41
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Patterson AL, Yu B, Danielsen SPO, Davidson EC, Fredrickson GH, Segalman RA. Monomer Sequence Effects on Interfacial Width and Mixing in Self-Assembled Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L. Patterson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Beihang Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Emily C. Davidson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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42
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Chintapalli M, Timachova K, Olson KR, Mecham SJ, DeSimone JM, Balsara NP. Lithium Salt Distribution and Thermodynamics in Electrolytes Based on Short Perfluoropolyether- block-Poly(ethylene oxide) Copolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahati Chintapalli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ksenia Timachova
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin R. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sue J. Mecham
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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43
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Galluzzo MD, Loo WS, Wang AA, Walton A, Maslyn JA, Balsara NP. Measurement of Three Transport Coefficients and the Thermodynamic Factor in Block Copolymer Electrolytes with Different Morphologies. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:921-935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew A. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amber Walton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jacqueline A. Maslyn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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44
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Gao KW, Jiang X, Hoffman ZJ, Sethi GK, Chakraborty S, Villaluenga I, Balsara NP. Optimizing the monomer structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for ion transport in hybrid organic–inorganic block copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Zach J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Gurmukh K. Sethi
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
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45
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Russell ST, Raghunathan R, Jimenez AM, Zhang K, Brucks SD, Iacob C, West AC, Gang O, Campos LM, Kumar SK. Impact of Electrostatic Interactions on the Self-Assembly of Charge-Neutral Block Copolyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ciprian Iacob
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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46
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Sunday DF, Chen X, Albrecht TR, Nowak D, Delgadillo PR, Dazai T, Miyagi K, Maehashi T, Yamazaki A, Nealey PF, Kline RJ. The Influence of Additives on the Interfacial Width and Line Edge Roughness in Block Copolymer Lithography. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 32:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04833. [PMID: 33100517 PMCID: PMC7580231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The challenges of patterning next generation integrated circuits have driven the semiconductor industry to look outside of traditional lithographic methods in order to continue cost effective size scaling. The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a nanofabrication technique used to reduce the periodicity of patterns prepared with traditional optical methods. BCPs with large interaction parameters (χ eff), provide access to smaller pitches and reduced interface widths. Larger χ eff is also expected to be correlated with reduced line edge roughness (LER), a critical performance parameter in integrated circuits. One approach to increasing χ eff is blending the BCP with a phase selective additive, such as an Ionic liquid (IL). The IL does not impact the etching rates of either phase, and this enables a direct interrogation of whether the change in interface width driven by higher χ eff translates into lower LER. The effect of the IL on the layer thickness and interface width of a BCP are examined, along with the corresponding changes in LER in a DSA patterned sample. The results demonstrate that increased χ eff through additive blending will not necessarily translate to a lower LER, clarifying an important design criterion for future material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Sunday
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Xuanxuan Chen
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | | | | | - Takahiro Dazai
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo, 1590 Tabata, Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun, Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Ken Miyagi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo, 1590 Tabata, Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun, Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Takaya Maehashi
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo, 1590 Tabata, Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun, Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamazaki
- Tokyo Ohka Kogyo, 1590 Tabata, Samukawa-Machi, Koza-Gun, Kanagawa 253-0114, Japan
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5801 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - R. Joseph Kline
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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47
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Xie S, Meyer DJ, Wang E, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Structure and Properties of Bicontinuous Microemulsions from Salt-Doped Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Shim J, Xie S, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Effect of Ion Concentration on the Formation of Bicontinuous Microemulsions in Partially Charged Ternary Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Lv C, Wang R, Gao J, Ding N, Dong S, Nie J, Xu J, Du B. PAA-b-PPO-b-PAA triblock copolymers with enhanced phase separation and inverse order-to-order phase transition upon increasing temperature. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Loo WS, Mongcopa KI, Gribble DA, Faraone AA, Balsara NP. Investigating the Effect of Added Salt on the Chain Dimensions of Poly(ethylene oxide) through Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katrina I. Mongcopa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel A. Gribble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Antonio A. Faraone
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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