1
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Feld J, Yang ES, Urwin SJ, Goicoechea JM. A Phosphanyl Phosphagermene and its Reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401736. [PMID: 38845448 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of a nucleophilic germylene Ge[CH(SiMe3)2]2 with the phosphanyl phosphaketene [{(H2C)(NDipp)}2P]PCO induces decarbonylation to form a phosphanyl phosphagermene [{(H2C)(NDipp)}2P]P=Ge[CH(SiMe3)2]2 (1; Dipp=2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl). Addition of CO2 or MeCN to 1 results in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions to afford five-membered heterocycles. This mode of reactivity is reminiscent of that observed for frustrated Lewis pairs, with the pendant phosphanyl group acting as a base and the germanium center as a Lewis acid. Contrastingly, 1,2-addition across the P=Ge bond was observed when using ammonia, small primary amines (NH2 nP), or metal complexes (e. g. Au(PPh3)Cl and ZnEt2). These latter reactions allow for the one-step synthesis of metal phosphide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Feld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Eric S Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Urwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
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2
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Pearce KG, Morris LJ, Robinson TP, Johnson AL, Mahon MF, Hill MS. From alkaline earth to coinage metal carboranyls. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6653-6659. [PMID: 38525661 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The β-diketiminato calcium and magnesium complexes, [(BDI)MgnBu] and [(BDI)CaH]2 (BDI = HC{C(Me)NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl), react with ortho-carborane (o-C2B10H12) to provide the respective [(BDI)Ae(o-C2B10H11)] (Ae = Mg or Ca) complexes. While the lighter group 2 species is a monomer with magnesium in a distorted trigonal planar environment, the heavier analogue displays a puckered geometry at calcium in the solid state due to Ca⋯H-B intermolecular interactions. These secondary contacts are, however, readily disrupted upon addition of THF to provide the 4-coordinate monomer, [(BDI)Ca(THF)(o-C2B10H11)]. [(BDI)Mg(o-C2B10H11)] was reacted with [NHCIPrMCl] (NHCIPr = 1,3-bis(isopropyl)imidazol-2-ylidene; M = Cu, Ag, Au) to provide [NHCIPrM(o-C2B10H11)], rare C-bonded examples of coinage metal derivatives of unsubstituted (o-C2B10H11)- and confirming the alkaline earth compounds as viable reagents for the transmetalation of the carboranyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Louis J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Thomas P Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Andrew L Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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3
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Mariconda A, Iacopetta D, Sirignano M, Ceramella J, D'Amato A, Marra M, Pellegrino M, Sinicropi MS, Aquaro S, Longo P. Silver and Gold Complexes with NHC-Ligands Derived from Caffeine: Catalytic and Pharmacological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2599. [PMID: 38473851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) and gold(I) complexes have found different applications in various research fields, as in medicinal chemistry for their antiproliferative, anticancer, and antibacterial activity, and in chemistry as innovative and effective catalysts. The possibility of modulating the physicochemical properties, by acting on their ligands and substituents, makes them versatile tools for the development of novel metal-based compounds, mostly as anticancer compounds. As it is known, chemotherapy is commonly adopted for the clinical treatment of different cancers, even though its efficacy is hampered by several factors. Thus, the development of more effective and less toxic drugs is still an urgent need. Herein, we reported the synthesis and characterization of new silver(I) and gold(I) complexes stabilized by caffeine-derived NHC ligands, together with their biological and catalytic activities. Our data highlight the interesting properties of this series as effective catalysts in A3-coupling and hydroamination reactions and as promising anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents. The ability of these complexes in regulating different pathological aspects, and often co-promoting causes, of cancer makes them ideal leads to be further structurally functionalized and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Sirignano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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4
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Zhang N, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Sun C, Altun NE, Kou J. Investigation on Gold Dissolution Performance and Mechanism in Imidazolium Cyanate Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2024; 29:897. [PMID: 38398648 PMCID: PMC10891921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore green gold leaching reagents, a series of imidazolium cyanate ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cyanate ([C2MIM][OCN]), 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium cyanate ([C3MIM][OCN]) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolcyanate ([C4MIM][OCN]) were synthesized and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. In this research, the imidazolium cyanates were utilized as a solute, which not only decreased the usage of ILs but also increased their gold dissolution capability. The gold dissolution performances of three imidazolium cyanates were characterized by dynamic leaching test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results show that the all three imidazolium cyanates had a gold dissolution ability, and the shorter the carbon chain on the imidazole ring in imidazolium cyanate, the faster the gold dissolution rate. The gold dissolution performance of [C2MIM][OCN] was the best, and the weight loss of gold leaf was 2.9 mg/cm2 at 40 °C after 120 h dissolution in [C2MIM][OCN] mixed with 10 wt. % water. Besides this, the gold dissolution rate increased with the increase in the concentration of imidazolium cyanates as well as the reaction temperature. The gold dissolution performances of imidazolium cyanates in different solvents including water, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were also investigated, and the weaker the polarity of the solvent, the more conducive it was to the gold dissolution reaction. The mechanism of gold dissolution by imidazolium cyanates was investigated through NMR spectroscopy and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). It was inferred that during the process of gold dissolution, Au was oxidized to Au+ and the imidazolium cations were deprotonated to form N-heterocyclic carbenes, which coordinated with gold to form gold complexes and achieve gold dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunbao Sun
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - N. Emre Altun
- Department of Mining Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Jue Kou
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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Mahdavi SM, Bockfeld D, Büssing R, Karge B, Bannenberg T, Frank R, Brönstrup M, Ott I, Tamm M. Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes from the marine betaine 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1942-1946. [PMID: 38205632 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine natural product norzooanemonin (1,3-dimethylimidazolium-4-carboxylate) has been used to prepare a series of carboxyl- or carboxylate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) complexes from [(Me2S)AuCl] in the presence of potassium carbonate. The potential of the resulting mono- and dicarbene complexes to act as cytotoxic or antibacterial drugs was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahbobeh Mahdavi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - René Frank
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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6
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Sirignano M, D’Amato A, Costabile C, Mariconda A, Crispini A, Scarpelli F, Longo P. Hydroamination of alkynes catalyzed by NHC-Gold(I) complexes: the non-monotonic effect of substituted arylamines on the catalyst activity. Front Chem 2023; 11:1260726. [PMID: 38124702 PMCID: PMC10731675 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1260726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Imines are valuable key compounds for synthesizing several nitrogen-containing molecules used in biological and industrial fields. They have been obtained, as highly regioselective Markovnikov products, by reacting several alkynes with arylamines in the presence of three new N-Heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes (3b, 4b, and 6b) together with the known 1-2b and 7b gold complexes as well as silver complexes 1-2a. Gold(I) complexes were investigated by means of NMR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallographic studies. Accurate screening of co-catalysts and solvents led to identifying the best reaction conditions and the most active catalyst (2b) in the model hydroamination of phenylacetylene with aniline. Complex 2b was then tested in the hydroamination of alkynes with a wide variety of arylamines yielding a lower percentage of product when arylamines with both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents were involved. Computational studies on the rate-determining step of hydroamination were conducted to shed light on the significantly different yields observed when reacting arylamines with different substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sirignano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Assunta D’Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Chiara Costabile
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Scarpelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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7
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Kitabayashi A, Ono Y, Taketsugu T, Sawamura M, Higashida K. Dimetal-Binding Scaffold 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)imidazo [1,5-b]pyridazine-7-ylidene: Synthesis of Trinuclear Heterobimetallic Complexes Involving Gold-Metal Interactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301673. [PMID: 37367483 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a dimetal-binding rigid scaffold, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-b]pyridazine-7-ylidene was introduced. The scaffold was first converted into a meridional Au,N,N-tridentate ligand through binding of a Au(I)Cl moiety at the carbene center. The Au(I) center and the N,N-chelating moiety were expected to function as metallophilic and 4e-σ-donative interaction sites, respectively, in the binding of the second metal center. In this manner, various trinuclear heterobimetallic complexes were synthesized with different 3d-metal sources, such as cationic CuI , CuII , NiII , and CoII salts. SC-XRD analysis showed that the mono-3d-metal di-gold(I) trinuclear heterobimetallic complexes were constructed through gold(I)-metal interactions. Metallophilic interactions were also investigated by quantum chemical calculations including the AIM and IGMH methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Kitabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ono
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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9
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Rahman M, Gao P, Zhao Q, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Au(Np #)Cl]: Highly Reactive and Broadly Applicable Au(I)─NHC Catalysts for Alkyne π-Activation Reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5131-5139. [PMID: 38464950 PMCID: PMC10923537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cationic Au(I)─NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes have become an important class of catalysts for alkyne π-activation reactions in organic synthesis. In particular, these complexes are characterized by high stability of catalytic species engendered by strong σ-donation and metal backbonding. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of well-defined [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes featuring recently discovered IPr# family of ligands that hinge upon modular peralkylation of aniline. These ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma (IPr#: 915653; Np#: 915912; BIAN-IPr#: 916420). Evaluation of the [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes in a series of Au(I)─NHC-catalyzed π-functionalizations of alkynes, such as hydrocarboxylation, hydroamination and hydration, resulted in the identification of wingtip-flexible [Au(Np#)Cl] as a highly reactive and broadly applicable catalyst with the re-activity outperforming the classical [Au(IPr)Cl] and [Au(IPr*)Cl] complexes. The utility of this catalyst has been demonstrated in the direct late-stage derivatization of complex pharmaceuticals. Structural and computational studies were conducted to determine steric effects, frontier molecular orbitals and bond orders of this class of catalysts. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Au(I)─NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bulky and wingtip-flexible Au(I)─NHCs based on the modular peralkylated naphthylamine scaffold will find broad application in π-functionalization of alkynes in various areas of organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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10
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Martynova EA, Zuccarello M, Kronenberg D, Beliš M, Czapik A, Zhang Z, Van Hecke K, Kwit M, Baudoin O, Cavallo L, Nolan SP. Simple synthetic access to [Au(IBiox)Cl] complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:7558-7563. [PMID: 37191083 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01357j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Green and sustainable access to chiral and achiral gold-IBiox complexes is reported. The gold complexes were synthesized using a simple, air-tolerant, weak base protocol carried out in a green solvent. Their catalytic activity was examined in the hydroamination of alkynes. The steric protection afforded the gold center by these ligands was quantified using the %Vbur model and compared with the most commonly encountered NHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marco Zuccarello
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Domenic Kronenberg
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marek Beliš
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Czapik
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcin Kwit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Olivier Baudoin
- University of Basel, Department of Chemistry, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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11
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Liebertseder M, Donsbach C, Feldmann C. Reactions of noble-metal oxides in ionic liquids near room temperature. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11441-11449. [PMID: 37057275 PMCID: PMC10089254 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction of Ag2O, Au2O3, and HgO with CuCl, CuI, AgCl, AgI, AuCl, and AuI in ionic liquids ([EMIm]Cl, [BMIm]Cl) near room temperature (20-80 °C) is evaluated and results in the new compounds (C8H14N2)CuCl, (C8H14N2)AgI, (C6H10N2)AuCl, [(C8H14N2)2Hg][CuCl3], [(C8H14N2)2Hg][AgCl3], and [EMIm][Ag2I2Cl]. Thereof, (C8H14N2)CuCl, (C8H14N2)AgI, (C6H10N2)AuCl, [(C8H14N2)2Hg][CuCl3], and [(C8H14N2)2Hg][AgCl3] are NHC complexes (NHC: N-heterocyclic carbene) with M-C bonds (M: Cu, Ag, Au, Hg). Whereas (C8H14N2)CuCl and (C8H14N2)AgI crystallize as single molecules, (C6H10N2)AuCl is dimerized via aurophilic interactions. [(C8H14N2)2Hg][CuCl3] and [(C8H14N2)2Hg][AgCl3] exhibit Hg atoms with two Hg-C bonds. Moreover, (C8H14N2)AgI shows intense green fluorescence at room temperature with a quantum yield of 44%, whereas all other compounds do not show any emission at room temperature. Finally, [EMIm][Ag2I2Cl] is not an NHC compound but contains ∞ 1[AgI1/2I2/4Cl1/2]- chains with infinite d10-d10 interaction of the silver atoms. The title compounds are characterized by single-crystal structure analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Liebertseder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Carsten Donsbach
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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12
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Dolai R, Kumar R, Elvers BJ, Pal PK, Joseph B, Sikari R, Nayak MK, Maiti A, Singh T, Chrysochos N, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Mondal J, Priyakumar UD, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202888. [PMID: 36129127 PMCID: PMC10100033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC-only and CAAC-only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6 ] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC-only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC-only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon-carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon-carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n-dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Benson Joseph
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
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13
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Körner L, Ho LP, Puchta R, Stanger A, Tamm M. Dimorpholinoacetylene and Its Use for the Synthesis of Tetraaminocyclobutadiene Species. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202737. [PMID: 36148808 PMCID: PMC9828195 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The new diaminoacetylene (DAA) dimorpholinoacetylene (3) was prepared from 1,1-dimorpholinoethene (1) by bromination to form the dibromoketene aminal 2, which upon lithiation afforded 3 through a Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement. Heating 3 at elevated temperatures resulted in a complete conversion into the dimer 1,1,2,4-tetramorpholino-1-buten-3-yne (4), which was used for the synthesis of four-membered cyclic bent allene (CBA) transition-metal complexes of the type [(CBA)MLn ] (5-7; MLn =AuCl, RhCl(COD), RhCl(CO)2 ; CBA=1,3,4,4-tetramorpholino-1,2-cyclobutadiene; COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene). The reaction of 3 with tetraethylammonium bromide gave 1,2,3,4-tetramorpholinocyclobutenylium bromide (8), which reacted with bromine to form 1,2,3,4-tetra(morpholino)cyclobutenediylium bis(tribromide) (9). Compound 9 represents the first fully characterized compound containing a tetraaminocyclobutadiene dication and displays a nearly planar C4 N4 core as shown by X-ray diffraction analysis. Detailed quantum chemical calculations were performed to assess the aromaticity of tetraaminocyclubutadiene dications by employing the Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) method and current density analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Körner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department Chemie und PharmazieFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Department of Chemistry, TechnionHaifa32000Israel
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
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14
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Nugegoda D, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP, Delcamp JH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Complexes in a Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18802-18809. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Nugegoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000 S-3, Belgium
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 322 Coulter Hall, University Park 38677, Mississippi, United States
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15
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Mármol I, Quero J, Azcárate P, Atrián-Blasco E, Ramos C, Santos J, Gimeno MC, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. Biological Activity of NHC-Gold-Alkynyl Complexes Derived from 3-Hydroxyflavones. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102064. [PMID: 36297498 PMCID: PMC9612383 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I) derivatives with flavone-derived ligands with a propargyl ether group. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, showing greater activity against bacteria than against colon cancer cells (Caco-2). Complexes [Au(L2b)(IMe)] (1b) and [Au(L2b)(IPr)] (2b) were found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. The mechanism of action of 1b was evaluated by measurement of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity, besides scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Inhibition of the enzyme thioredoxin reductase is not observed in either Escherichia Coli or Caco-2 cells; however, DHFR activity is compromised after incubation of E. coli cells with complex 1b. Moreover, loss of structural integrity and change in bacterial shape is observed in the images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after treatment E. coli cells with complex 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Quero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Azcárate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Atrián-Blasco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Ramos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida do Atlântico No. 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Avenida do Atlântico No. 644, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - María Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Unidad de Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.R.-Y.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.R.-Y.); (E.C.)
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16
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Ibni Hashim I, Tzouras NV, Ma X, Bourda L, Van Hecke K, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Improved synthetic routes to N-heterocyclic carbene-metal-diketonato complexes of gold and copper. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13246-13254. [PMID: 35979743 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our search for simple synthetic routes to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-metal complexes and their derivatives, we herein report an operationally simple, expedient and scalable method to obtain the widely used NHC-metal-diketonates. The reported complexes are synthesized for the first time under mild, aerobic conditions and in excellent yields in a sustainable manner. The protocol is general with regards to the anionic co-ligand and the ancillary carbene ligands. The spectroscopic and crystallographic characterization of the complexes reveal a bidentate binding mode of the diketonate ligand to copper while the gold-congener is C-bound. Finally, the reported Au complex was shown to be an efficient pre-catalyst for the hydrocarboxylation of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Yhobu Z, Geetha BM, Małecki JG, Srinivasa HT, Keri RS, Nagaraju DH, Azam M, Al‐Resayes SI, Budagumpi S. Pyridine–functionalized N–heterocyclic Carbene Gold(I) Binuclear Complexes as Molecular Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoveta Yhobu
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | - B. M. Geetha
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | | | - H. T. Srinivasa
- Soft Condensed Matter Group Raman Research Institute Bengaluru India
| | - Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain University Bangalore India
| | - D. H. Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences, REVA University Bangalore India
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I. Al‐Resayes
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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18
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Ekinci O, Akkoç M, Khan S, Yasar S, Gürses C, Noma S, Balcıoğlu S, Sen B, Aygün M, Yılmaz İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Au‐NHC complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Ekinci
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Mitat Akkoç
- Hekimhan Vocational College, Department of Property Protection and Security, Hekimhan Malatya Turgut Özal University Malatya Turkey
| | - Siraj Khan
- Quaid‐i‐Azam University, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Canbolat Gürses
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics İnönü University Malatya Turkey
| | - Samir Noma
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry Bursa Uludağ University Bursa Turkey
| | - Sevgi Balcıoğlu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services at Akyazı, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya Turkey
| | - Betül Sen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Dokuz Eylül University İzmir Turkey
| | - İsmet Yılmaz
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry İnönü University Malatya Turkey
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19
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Muratov K, Gagosz F. Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203452. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Muratov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa K1N 6N5 Ottawa Canada
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20
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Wu MC, Liang YF, Jurca T, Yap GPA, Leung TF, Ong TG. Reactive Dicarbon as a Flexible Ligand for Transition-Metal Coordination and Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12996-13005. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Fu Liang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry and R.E.A.C.T. Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tsz-Fai Leung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Confinement‐Induced Selectivities in Gold(I) Catalysis—The Benefit of Using Bulky Tri‐(
ortho
‐biaryl)phosphine Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Elser I, Schowner R, Stöhr L, Herz K, Benedikter MJ, Sen S, Frey W, Wang D, Buchmeiser MR. Isomers of Molybdenum Imido Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Elser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Schowner
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Stöhr
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Herz
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathis J. Benedikter
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Suman Sen
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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In situ detection of an unstable C,N-Au(III) chelate by 15N NMR methods. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Malchau C, Fries DV, Mees Y, Jakobs MF, Sun Y, Becker S, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Thiel WR. Transition metal complexes of NHC ligands functionalized with the cationic (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)(η6‐phenyl)iron(II) motif. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Malchau
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Daniela V. Fries
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yannik Mees
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Marisa F. Jakobs
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Yu Sun
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | - Sabine Becker
- TU Kaiserslautern: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Fachbereich Chemie GERMANY
| | | | - Werner R. Thiel
- TU Kaiserslautern FB Chemie Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
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25
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Alkorta I, Benito MT, Elguero J, Doyagüez EG, Patterson MR, Jimeno ML, Dias HVR, Reviriego F. The use of DOSY experiments to determine the solution structures of coinage metal pyrazolates: The case of {[3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Pz]Ag} 3. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:442-451. [PMID: 34935188 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of DOSY experiments have been carried out to determine the solution stoichiometry of silver(I) 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate species. This compound exists as a trimer in the solid state (n = 3) but in solutions of chlorinated solvents, the DOSY data suggest the presence of a mixture of solvent stabilized monomer (n = 1) and dimer (n = 2) in equilibrium. Different approximations have been used including the Stokes-Einstein and the Stokes-Einstein-Gierer-Wirtz equations. Some methodological problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Benito
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa García Doyagüez
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monika R Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - María Luisa Jimeno
- Servicio de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Centro de Química Orgánica 'Lora-Tamayo', CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Liu HY, Neale SE, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL. On the reactivity of Al-group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) bonds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3913-3924. [PMID: 35169824 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the seven-membered heterocyclic potassium diamidoalumanyl, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl), with a variety of Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) chloride N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts are described. The resultant group 11-Al bonded derivatives have been characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of [{SiNDipp}Al-Au(NHCiPr)] (NHCiPr = N,N'-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-ylidene), by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Although similar reactions of LAgCl and LAuCl, where L is a more basic cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC), generally resulted in reduction of the group 11 cations to the base metals, X-ray analysis of [(CyCAAC)AgAl(SiNDipp)] (CyCAAC = 2-[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ylidene) provides the first solid-state authentication of an Ag-Al σ bond. The reactivity of the NHC-supported Cu, Ag and Au alumanyl derivatives was assayed with the isoelectronic unsaturated small molecules, N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2. While these reactions generally provided products consistent with nucleophilic attack of the group 11 atom at the electrophilic heteroallene carbon centre, treatment of the NHC-supported copper and silver alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide yielded less symmetric Cu-C and Ag-C-bonded isomers. In contrast to the previously described copper and silver alumanyl derivatives, [(NON)Al(O2C)M(Pt-Bu3)] (M = Cu or Ag; NON = 4,5-bis(2,6-di-isopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene), which were prone to facile CO extrusion and formation of carbonate derivatives, the NHC-supported dioxocarbene species, [(NHCiPr)M(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] (M = Cu, Ag, Au), are all stable at room and moderately elevated temperatures. The stabilising role of the NHC co-ligand was, thus, assessed by preparation of the t-Bu3P adducted copper-alumanyl, [(t-Bu3P)CuAl(SiNDipp)]. Treatment of this latter compound, which was also structurally characterised by X-ray analysis, with both N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2 again provided smooth heteroallene insertion and formation of the relevant Cu-C-bonded products. Although both compounds were quite stable at room temperature, heating of [(t-Bu3P)Cu(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] at 60 °C induced elimination of CO and formation of the analogous carbonate, [(t-Bu3P)Cu(OCO2)Al(SiNDipp)], which was identified by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Reflective of the more reliable nucleophilic behaviour of the gold centres in these group 11 alumanyls, computational (QTAIM and NBO) analysis highlighted a lower level of covalency of the Al-Au linkage in comparison to the analogous Al-Cu and Al-Ag interactions. Although substitution of the co-ligand significantly perturbs the charge distribution across the Cu-Al bond of [LCuAl(SiNDipp)] (L = NHCiPr or t-Bu3P), only a negligible difference is observed between the phosphine-coordinated copper systems derived from either the [SiNDipp]- or (NON)-based alumanyl ligands. Computational mapping of the reaction profiles arising from treatment of the various group 11 alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide indicates that the observed formation of the Cu-N and Ag-N bound isomers do not provide the thermodynamic reaction outcome. In contrast, examination of the CO2-derived reactions, and their potential toward CO extrusion and subsequent carbonate formation, implies that the identity of the co-ligand exerts a greater influence on this aspect of reactivity than the architecture of the diamidoalumanyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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27
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Martynova EA, Scattolin T, Cavarzerani E, Peng M, Van Hecke K, Rizzolio F, Nolan SP. A simple synthetic entryway into new families of NHC-gold-amido complexes and their in vitro antitumor activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3462-3471. [PMID: 35142328 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A simple synthetic pathway to Au-NHC amido complexes is described. Syntheses and isolation of [Au(NHC)(NR1R2)] complexes, bearing various NHC ligands and NH-containing heterocycles under mild conditions are reported. The in vitro anticancer activity of these gold-complexes was investigated on three human cancer cell lines. A number of these show comparable or even better antiproliferative activity than cisplatin. Noteworthy is the non-toxicity of most of the complexes on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Al‐Buthabhak HS, Falasca V, Yu Y, Sobolev AN, Skelton BW, Moggach SA, Ferro V, Al‐Salami H, Baker MV. Au‐NHC complexes with thiocarboxylate ligands: synthesis, structure, stability, thiol exchange and
in vitro
anti‐cancer activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa S. Al‐Buthabhak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science University of Kufa Najaf Iraq
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Valerio Falasca
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Yu Yu
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Curtin University Perth WA Australia
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology The University of Western Australia Medical School Perth WA Australia
| | - Alexandre N. Sobolev
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Hani Al‐Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Curtin University Perth WA Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics Ear Science Institute Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Murray V. Baker
- School of Molecular Sciences M310, The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
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29
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Hattori Y, Kitajima R, Matsuoka R, Kusamoto T, Nishihara H, Uchida K. Amplification of luminescence of stable radicals by coordination to NHC-gold(I) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2560-2563. [PMID: 35103725 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The luminescence of stable radicals can be enhanced by coordination to metal complexes. The 4% fluorescence quantum yield of (3,5-difluoro-4-pyridyl)bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (F2PyBTM) in dichloromethane was enhanced up to 36% by coordination to AuI with N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, which is a record for metal-radical complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hattori
- Materials Chemistry Course, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kitajima
- Materials Chemistry Course, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
| | - Ryota Matsuoka
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusamoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Materials Chemistry Course, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
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30
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Das S, Sinha S, Roymahapatra G, De GC, Giri S. Ligand effect on the stability, reactivity, and acidity of imidazolium systems. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Das
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex Haldia West Bengal India
- Department of Chemistry Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar West Bengal India
| | - Swapan Sinha
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex Haldia West Bengal India
| | - Gourisankar Roymahapatra
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex Haldia West Bengal India
| | - Gobinda Chandra De
- Department of Chemistry Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar West Bengal India
| | - Santanab Giri
- School of Applied Science and Humanities Haldia Institute of Technology, ICARE Complex Haldia West Bengal India
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31
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Bakhonsky VV, Becker J, Mlostoń G, Schreiner PR. N-Alkoxyimidazolylidines (NOHCs): nucleophilic carbenes based on an oxidized imidazolium core. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1538-1541. [PMID: 35006231 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the first preparation of N-alkoxyimidazolylidene (NOHC), a nucleophilic carbene based on an oxidized imidazolium core. The Arduengo-type analogous carbene center shows the most upfield 13C NMR shift compared to common NHCs. The obtained gold(I) complex of the carbene follows the 13C NMR upfield trend and shows the marked influence the alkoxy substituents. Similarly, the 77Se and 15N NMR shifts of a range of NOHC-selenium adducts show increased σ-donation and decreased π-back donation in the bonding with the nucleophile. This extension of the NHC family provides altered electronic properties for the use of such carbenes as ligands or catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav V Bakhonsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17,, 35392 Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Organic Chemistry, National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Prosp. Peremohy 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, PL-91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17,, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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32
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Goetzfried SK, Kapitza P, Gallati CM, Nindl A, Cziferszky M, Hermann M, Wurst K, Kircher B, Gust R. Investigations of the reactivity, stability and biological activity of halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1395-1406. [PMID: 34989741 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the halido ligand (Cl-, Br-, I-) in halido[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complexes (2-4) in terms of ligand exchange reactions, including the ligand scrambling to the bis[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complex (5), was evaluated by HPLC in acetonitrile/water = 50:50 (v/v) mixtures. In the presence of 0.9% NaCl, the bromido (NHC)gold(I) complex 3 was immediately transformed into the chlorido (NHC)gold(I) complex 2. The iodido (NHC)gold(I) complex 4 converted under the same conditions during 0.5 h of incubation by 52.83% to 2 and by 8.77% to 5. This proportion remained nearly constant for 72 h. The halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes also reacted very rapidly with 1 eq. of model nucleophiles, e.g., iodide or selenocysteine (Sec). For instance, Sec transformed 3 in the proportion 73.03% to the (NHC)Au(I)Sec complex during 5 min of incubation. This high reactivity against this amino acid, present in the active site of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), correlates with the complete inhibition of the isolated TrxR enzyme at 1 μM. Interestingly, in cellular systems (A2780cis cells), even at a 5-fold higher concentration, no increased ROS levels were detected. The concentration required for ROS generation was about 20 μM. Superficially considered, the antiproliferative and antimetabolic activities of the halido (NHC)Au(I) complexes correlate with the reactivity of the Au(I)-X bond (2 < 3 < 4). However, it is very likely that degradation products formed during the incubation in cell culture medium participated in the biological activity. In particular, the high-cytotoxic [(NHC)2Au(I)]+ complex (5) distorts the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Katharina Goetzfried
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Kapitza
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Marie Gallati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Nindl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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33
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Rachor SG, Müller R, Wittwer P, Kaupp M, Braun T. Synthesis, Reactivity, and Bonding of Gold(I) Fluorido-Phosphine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:357-367. [PMID: 34913690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold(I) fluorido complexes with phosphine ligands have been synthesized from their respective iodido precursors. The bonding situation in comparison between complexes bearing phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was explored quantum-chemically, obtaining similar results for both. Calculations of the 19F NMR chemical shifts match the experimental values well, including the approximately 40 ppm low-field shifts for the phosphine complexes compared to the NHC complexes, in spite of similar negative charges on fluorine. The reactivity of the highly water-sensitive gold(I) fluorido complexes was studied, resulting in substitution at the metal using trimethylsilyl reagents. The compounds studied were characterized using NMR as well as X-ray diffraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Rachor
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wittwer
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Sato CM, Walde RK, Bacsa J, Jordan AJ, Sadighi JP. Ligand-based control of nuclearity in (NHC)gold(I) sulfides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15721-15729. [PMID: 34697620 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02616j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands support gold(I) sulfide complexes of varying nuclearity and charge. For sterically undemanding ligands, gold(I) chlorides react with sulfide to form trigold μ3-sulfido cations as the first observed products. The ligand IMes [1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] supports a monomeric cation, whereas the ICy-(1,3-dicyclohexylimidazol-2-ylidene-) supported cation crystallises as a dimer linked through an aurophilic interaction. The more sterically demanding IDipp [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene] supports a terminal hydrosulfide, a (μ-hydrosulfido)digold cation, and a μ3-sulfido cation. Use of the expanded-ring NHC 7Dipp [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ylidene] allows the isolation of a neutral digold sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Sato
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - Rebecca K Walde
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332. .,X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Abraham J Jordan
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
| | - Joseph P Sadighi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332.
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35
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Huang G, Fang Y, Ni S, Li M, Dang L. Theoretical Study on NHC−Ag(I)/Au(I) Catalyzed Mobius Versus Wagner‐Meerwein Rearrangements of 2‐Methyl‐N‐methoxyaniline. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Huang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qi Fang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Shao‐Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐De Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province Shantou University Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
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36
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Shcherbakov NV, Dar'in DV, Kukushkin VY, Dubovtsev AY. Gold-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer from Benzofuroxans to N-Allylynamides: Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12964-12972. [PMID: 34472847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gold-catalyzed reaction between benzofuroxans, functioning as nitrene transfer reagents, and N-allylynamides leads to 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-imines. This highly selective annulation proceeds smoothly under mild conditions (5 mol % Ph3PAuNTf2, PhCl, 60 °C) and exhibits high functional group tolerance (21 examples, ≤96% yields). The obtained cyclopropanated products represent a useful synthetic platform with an easily modulated substitution pattern as illustrated by their postmodifications. Intramolecular cyclopropanation of gold α-imino carbene intermediates is suggested as a key step of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Shcherbakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Dubovtsev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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37
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Al-Ameed K, Mageed AH. Dimerization of a mononuclear gold(I) complex to its corresponding dinuclear complex containing a cyclophane-NHC ligand. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Popov S, Plenio H. Determination of Stereoelectronic Properties of NHC Ligands
via
Ion Pairing and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Popov
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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39
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Masonheimer CL, Atwood MG, Hartzell SE, Reph EA, Pike RD, Stockland RA. Syn-Insertion of Alkynes into Gold–Phosphito Bonds: Stereoselectivity and Reversible Protodeauration. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly L. Masonheimer
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Madeleine G. Atwood
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Susan E. Hartzell
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Erin A. Reph
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - Robert D. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States
| | - Robert A. Stockland
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
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40
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide an overview of the main avenues that have emerged in gold coordination chemistry during the last years. The unique properties of gold have motivated research in gold chemistry, and especially regarding the properties and applications of gold compounds in catalysis, medicine, and materials chemistry. The advances in the synthesis and knowledge of gold coordination compounds have been possible with the design of novel ligands becoming relevant motifs that have allowed the preparation of elusive complexes in this area of research. Strong donor ligands with easily modulable electronic and steric properties, such as stable singlet carbenes or cyclometalated ligands, have been decisive in the stabilization of gold(0) species, gold fluoride complexes, gold hydrides, unprecedented π complexes, or cluster derivatives. These new ligands have been important not only from the fundamental structure and bonding studies but also for the synthesis of sophisticated catalysts to improve activity and selectivity of organic transformations. Moreover, they have enabled the facile oxidative addition from gold(I) to gold(III) and the design of a plethora of complexes with specific properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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41
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Praveen C, Dupeux A, Michelet V. Catalytic Gold Chemistry: From Simple Salts to Complexes for Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization. Chemistry 2021; 27:10495-10532. [PMID: 33904614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gold coordinated to neutral phosphines (R3 P), N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) or anionic ligands is catalytically active in functionalizing various C-H bonds with high selectivity. The sterics/electronic nature of the studied C-H bond, oxidation state of gold and stereoelectronic capacity of the coordinated auxiliary ligand are some of the associated selectivity factors in gold-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions. Hence, in this review a comprehensive update about the action of different types of gold catalysts, from simple to sophisticated ones, on C-H bond reactions and their regiochemical outcome is disclosed. This review also highlights the catalytic applications of Au(I)- and Au(III)-species in creating new opportunities for the regio- and site-selective activation of challenging C-H bonds. Finally, it also intends to stress the potential applications in selective C-H bond activation associated with a variety of heterocycles recently described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemcial Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory) Alagappapuram, Karaikudi, 630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aurélien Dupeux
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Michelet
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
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42
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Jónsson HF, Fiksdahl A, Harvie AJ. Rapid and mild synthesis of Au-NHC complexes in a simple two-phase flow reactor. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7969-7975. [PMID: 34075994 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01357b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple two-phase flow reactor which allows for the rapid synthesis of several Au(i)-NHC complexes in high yields (>88%), under mild conditions, and with minimal workup. Translation of the standard weak base method to a two-phase flow reaction prevents the common problem of decomposition to Au(0). The reaction can be scaled up more than ten-fold without loss in conversion efficiency. An optional second stage allows for direct synthesis of Au(iii)-NHC complexes, without isolation of the Au(i)-NHC intermediate, with a two-step isolated yield of 82%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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43
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Ruch AA, Ellison MC, Nguyen JK, Kong F, Handa S, Nesterov VN, Slaughter LM. Highly Sterically Encumbered Gold Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complexes: Overriding Electronic Control in Regiodivergent Gold Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A. Ruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Matthew C. Ellison
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - John K. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078,United States
| | - Vladimir N. Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
| | - LeGrande M. Slaughter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,United States
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44
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Jónsson HF, Orthaber A, Fiksdahl A. Studies on gold(I) and gold(III) alcohol functionalised NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5128-5138. [PMID: 33720256 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Five pairs of novel chiral alcohol functionalised gold(i) and gold(iii) NHC complexes derived from chiral amino alcohols, were synthesized and characterised (NMR, IR, HRMS). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data of gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes are reported and discussed. The chiral imidazolium preligands were readily synthesized via the oxalamides, subsequent reduction and final orthoformate condensation. An improved method was used for generation of gold(i) NHC complexes (up to 92%) and further oxidation afforded the corresponding gold(iii) NHC complexes (up to 99%). All the Au(i) and Au(iii) NHC complexes proved far more catalytically active in a 1,6-enyne alkoxycyclization test reaction than our previously tested N,N- and P,N-ligated Au(iii) complexes. Comparative gold(i) and gold(iii) catalytic studies demonstrated different catalytic ability, depending on the NHC ligand flexibility and bulkiness. Excellent yields (92-99%) of target alkoxycyclization product were obtained with both gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes with the bulky N1-Mes-N2-ethanol based NHC ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi Freyr Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Organic Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Fiksdahl
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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45
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Haberhauer G, Siera H, Semleit N, Kreuzahler M, Wölper C. Gold Catalysis of Non-Conjugated Haloacetylenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGold-catalyzed reactions of conjugated haloacetylenes are well known and usually result in the formation of addition or dimerization products. Herein, we report a gold-catalyzed reaction of non-conjugated haloacetylenes, which leads exclusively to the halogenated cyclization products. Remarkable is the gold-catalyzed reaction of tritylhaloacetylenes to haloindene derivatives, as mechanistic studies reveal that an 1,2-aryl shift occurs in the initially formed gold complex. The potential functionalization at the halogen atom and the wide scope of these cyclization reactions make them an attractive method for the construction of cyclic systems.
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46
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Synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1476-1493. [PMID: 33504989 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) chloride and hydroxide complexes are regularly used as synthons to access various oxygen-, nitrogen- or carbon-bound gold complexes. They are also widely employed as efficient catalysts in addition reactions of hydroelements to unsaturated bonds and in several rearrangement and decarboxylation protocols. Here we describe the multigram synthesis of the most common mononuclear N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) chloride complexes bearing the N,N'-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes), N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) and N,N'-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr*) ligands. Their synthesis is achieved through the straightforward and practical weak base approach in a total time of 4-5 h. This straightforward methodology is conducted under air and possesses considerable advantages over alternative routes, such as the use of a sustainable reaction solvent, minimal amounts of a mild base and commercially available or easily obtained starting materials. Additionally, we describe the synthesis of the mononuclear gold(I) hydroxide complex bearing the IPr ligand, using the state-of-the-art method requiring 24 h. Finally, the improved synthesis of the dinuclear gold(I) hydroxide complex [{Au(IPr)}2(μ-OH)][BF4] is described (~3 h). All procedures can be performed by researchers with standard training and lead to high yields (76-99%) of microanalytically pure bench-stable materials.
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47
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Wang J, Yuan K, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhang J. Catalytic Arylative Endo Cyclization of Gold Acetylides: Access to 3,4-Diphenyl Isoquinoline, 2,3-Diphenyl Indole, and Mesoionic Normal NHC-Gold Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:212-217. [PMID: 32627245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Diphenyl isoquinoline and 2,3-diphenyl indole are readily accessed by catalytic selective bis-arylative endo cyclization of gold acetylides. The synthetic approach could be also extended to prepare six-membered mesoionic NHC complex, which could further undergo deprotonation/complexation to afford 1,3-N-heterocyclic dicarbene (NHDCs) Au2 and Au/Ag complexes. The key vicinal diaurated alkene intermediates have been isolated and the studies on their reactivities towards coupling partners reinforce the proposed mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Kemeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gendi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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48
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Martynova EA, Tzouras NV, Pisanò G, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP. The “weak base route” leading to transition metal–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3836-3856. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are nowadays ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry and catalysis. A simple synthetic route to these is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Martynova
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V. Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Gianmarco Pisanò
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Catherine S. J. Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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49
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Costabile C, Mariconda A, Sirignano M, Crispini A, Scarpelli F, Longo P. A green approach for A 3-coupling reactions: an experimental and theoretical study on NHC silver and gold catalysts. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene silver and gold complexes active in A3-coupling (aldehyde–alkyne–amine) reactions in green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Costabile
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84081 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale Dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marco Sirignano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84081 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie, Chimiche Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Francesca Scarpelli
- MAT-InLAB, LASCAMM CR-INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie, Chimiche Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84081 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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50
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Gangwar MK, Butcher RJ. Axially chiral bis-1,2,3-Triazol-4-ylidene–Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes of (R)-BINOL and (-)-Menthol scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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