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Zhang J, Liu T, Zhang G, Cai J, Wang Y, Tong J, Ma Y, Szostak R, Szostak M. Indazolin-3-ylidenes (Indy*): easily accessible, sterically-hindered indazole-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application in gold catalysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4260-4265. [PMID: 38344761 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sterically-hindered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with functionalized N-wingtips are a pivotal class of ligands in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the first class of sterically-hindered N-heterocyclic carbenes based on the indazole framework. These ligands combine the strong σ-donation of the carbene center due to the carbene placement at the C3-indazole position with the sterically-hindered and flexible N-substitution with the versatile 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)aryl moiety that extends beyond the metal centre for the first time in non-classical N-heterocyclic carbenes. The ligands are readily accessible by the rare Cadogan indazole synthesis of sterically-hindered N-aryl-1-(2-nitrophenyl)methanimines. Steric and electronic characterization as well as catalytic studies in the synthesis of oxazolines are described. Considering the unique properties of indazole-derived carbenes, we anticipate that this class of compounds will find broad application in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Gaopeng Zhang
- Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710299, China
| | - Jianglong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jianbo Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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Zhao Q, Rahman MM, Zhou T, Yang S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Wingtip-Flexible N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unsymmetrical Connection between IMes and IPr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318703. [PMID: 38135660 PMCID: PMC10922840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
IMes (IMes=1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and IPr (IPr=1,3- bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represent by far the most frequently used N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in homogeneous catalysis, however, despite numerous advantages, these ligands are limited by the lack of steric flexibility of catalytic pockets. We report a new class of unique unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene ligands that are characterized by freely-rotatable N-aromatic wingtips in the imidazol-2-ylidene architecture. The combination of rotatable N-CH2 Ar bond with conformationally-fixed N-Ar linkage results in a highly modular ligand topology, entering the range of geometries inaccessible to IMes and IPr. These ligands are highly reactive in Cu(I)-catalyzed β-hydroboration, an archetypal borylcupration process that has had a transformative impact on the synthesis of boron-containing compounds. The most reactive Cu(I)-NHC in this class has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma to enable broad access of the synthetic chemistry community. The ligands gradually cover %Vbur geometries ranging from 37.3 % to 52.7 %, with the latter representing the largest %Vbur described for an IPr analogue, while retaining full flexibility of N-wingtip. Considering the modular access to novel geometrical space in N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis, we anticipate that this concept will enable new opportunities in organic synthesis, drug discovery and stabilization of reactive metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383 (Poland)
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States)
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3
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Pielorz S, Kita A, Rytel E, Szostak R, Mazurek S. Application of vibrational and fluorescence spectroscopy to the compositional analysis of colored-flesh potatoes. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1399-1407. [PMID: 37782467 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of composition and physicochemical parameters of natural products requires dedicated, often laborious and expensive, analytical protocols. Different spectroscopic techniques, in conjunction with chemometrics, seem to have a considerable potential in direct analysis of raw plant material and foods, without any chemical treatment. RESULTS Fluorescence spectroscopy and three vibrational spectroscopy techniques were applied to determine total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and macronutrient levels in red- and purple-fleshed potato varieties. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence, Fourier transform Raman, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and near-infrared spectra were recorded for the freeze-dried samples. Combining spectral data and the results of reference analyses, partial least squares regression models were constructed for each parameter studied. For polyphenols and antioxidant activity, quantification errors found for validation samples amounted to 3.74-5.04% and 4.75-6.35%, respectively, whereas macronutrient analysis gave errors in the 3.45-4.55%, 3.09-5.30% and 5.10-8.58% ranges for starch, protein and sugar determinations, respectively. CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate that different spectroscopic techniques in combination with multivariate modeling allow simultaneous determination of various parameters of plant samples based on a single sample spectrum. They can effectively replace commonly used protocols of food product analysis requiring sample dissolving and extraction of the compounds of interest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Pielorz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kita
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Rytel
- Department of Food Storage and Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Oxa - a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13608-13617. [PMID: 37698540 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a major direction in ancillary ligand development for stabilization of reactive metal centers in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In particular, wingtip-flexible NHCs have attracted significant attention due to their unique ability to provide a sterically-demanding environment for transition metals in various oxidation states. Herein, we report a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible NHC ligands that feature N,C-chelating oxazole donors. These ligands are readily accessible through a modular arylation of oxazole derivatives. We report their synthesis and complete structural and electronic characterization. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties and coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II) and Rh(I) is described. Preliminary studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed coupling and hydrosilylation reactions are presented. This study establishes the fluxional behavior of a freely-rotatable oxazole unit, wherein the oxazolyl ring adjusts to the steric and electronic environment of the metal center. Considering the tremendous impact of sterically-hindered NHCs and their potential to stabilize reactive metals by N-chelation, we expect that this class of NHC ligands will be of broad interest in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
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Rahman M, Gao P, Zhao Q, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Au(Np #)Cl]: Highly Reactive and Broadly Applicable Au(I)─NHC Catalysts for Alkyne π-Activation Reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5131-5139. [PMID: 38464950 PMCID: PMC10923537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cationic Au(I)─NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes have become an important class of catalysts for alkyne π-activation reactions in organic synthesis. In particular, these complexes are characterized by high stability of catalytic species engendered by strong σ-donation and metal backbonding. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of well-defined [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes featuring recently discovered IPr# family of ligands that hinge upon modular peralkylation of aniline. These ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma (IPr#: 915653; Np#: 915912; BIAN-IPr#: 916420). Evaluation of the [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes in a series of Au(I)─NHC-catalyzed π-functionalizations of alkynes, such as hydrocarboxylation, hydroamination and hydration, resulted in the identification of wingtip-flexible [Au(Np#)Cl] as a highly reactive and broadly applicable catalyst with the re-activity outperforming the classical [Au(IPr)Cl] and [Au(IPr*)Cl] complexes. The utility of this catalyst has been demonstrated in the direct late-stage derivatization of complex pharmaceuticals. Structural and computational studies were conducted to determine steric effects, frontier molecular orbitals and bond orders of this class of catalysts. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Au(I)─NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bulky and wingtip-flexible Au(I)─NHCs based on the modular peralkylated naphthylamine scaffold will find broad application in π-functionalization of alkynes in various areas of organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Meng G, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [IPr #-PEPPSI]: A Well-Defined, Highly Hindered and Broadly Applicable Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Precatalyst for Cross-Coupling Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:5833. [PMID: 37570803 PMCID: PMC10421006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Special Issue, "Featured Papers in Organometallic Chemistry", we report on the synthesis and characterization of [IPr#-PEPPSI], a new, well-defined, highly hindered Pd(II)-NHC precatalyst for cross-coupling reactions. This catalyst was commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma, Burlington, ON, Canada (no. 925489) to provide academic and industrial researchers with broad access to reaction screening and optimization. The broad activity of [IPr#-PEPPSI] in cross-coupling reactions in a range of bond activations with C-N, C-O, C-Cl, C-Br, C-S and C-H cleavage is presented. A comprehensive evaluation of the steric and electronic properties is provided. Easy access to the [IPr#-PEPPSI] class of precatalysts based on modular pyridine ligands, together with the steric impact of the IPr# peralkylation framework, will facilitate the implementation of well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts in chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.M.R.); (Q.Z.); (G.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.M.R.); (Q.Z.); (G.M.); (R.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.M.R.); (Q.Z.); (G.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.M.R.); (Q.Z.); (G.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (M.M.R.); (Q.Z.); (G.M.); (R.L.)
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Rahman MM, Meng G, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. I tOct (I tOctyl) - pushing the limits of I tBu: highly hindered electron-rich N-aliphatic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5141-5147. [PMID: 37206400 PMCID: PMC10189875 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ItBu (ItBu = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important and most versatile N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene available in organic synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity of ItOct (ItOctyl), C2-symmetric, higher homologues of ItBu. The new ligand class, including saturated imidazolin-2-ylidene analogues has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma: ItOct, 929 298; SItOct, 929 492 to enable broad access of the academic and industrial researchers within the field of organic and inorganic synthesis. We demonstrate that replacement of the t-Bu side chain with t-Oct results in the highest steric volume of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes reported to date, while retaining the electronic properties inherent to N-aliphatic ligands, such as extremely strong σ-donation crucial to the reactivity of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes. An efficient large-scale synthesis of imidazolium ItOct and imidazolinium SItOct carbene precursors is presented. Coordination chemistry to Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) as well as beneficial effects on catalysis using Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) complexes are described. Considering the tremendous importance of ItBu in catalysis, synthesis and metal stabilization, we anticipate that the new class of ItOct ligands will find wide application in pushing the boundaries of new and existing approaches in organic and inorganic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Norwida 4/6 14 Wroclaw 50-373 Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Gao P, Xu J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Zhang D, Szostak M. L-Shaped Heterobidentate Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene (N,C)-Ligands for Oxidant-Free Au I /Au III Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218427. [PMID: 36696514 PMCID: PMC9992098 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, major advances have been made in homogeneous gold catalysis. However, AuI /AuIII catalytic cycle remains much less explored due to the reluctance of AuI to undergo oxidative addition and the stability of the AuIII intermediate. Herein, we report activation of aryl halides at gold(I) enabled by NHC (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands through the development of a new class of L-shaped heterobidentate ImPy (ImPy=imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene) N,C ligands that feature hemilabile character of the amino group in combination with strong σ-donation of the carbene center in a rigid conformation, imposed by the ligand architecture. Detailed characterization and control studies reveal key ligand features for AuI /AuIII redox cycle, wherein the hemilabile nitrogen is placed at the coordinating position of a rigid framework. Given the tremendous significance of homogeneous gold catalysis, we anticipate that this ligand platform will find widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jihong Xu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
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Gao P, Xu J, Zhou T, Liu Y, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Zhang D, Szostak M. Activation of Aryl Halides at Gold(I) by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: L‐Shaped Heterobidentate ImPy (Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐ylidene) N,C Ligands for Oxidant‐Free Au(I)/Au(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Rutgers University New Brunswick Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Jihong Xu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Rutgers University New Brunswick Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Shandong University School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Opole University: Uniwersytet Opolski Chemistry POLAND
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology: Politechnika Wroclawska Chemistry POLAND
| | | | - Roman Szostak
- University of Wroclaw: Uniwersytet Wroclawski Chemistry POLAND
| | | | - Michal Szostak
- Rutgers University Department of Chemistry 73 Warren St. 07102 Newark UNITED STATES
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10
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Chu W, Zhou T, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. CAAC-IPr*: easily accessible, highly sterically-hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13467-13470. [PMID: 36382995 PMCID: PMC9737351 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IPr* (IPr* = 1,3-bis(2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) has emerged as a powerful highly hindered and sterically-flexible ligand platform for transition-metal catalysis. CAACs (CAAC = cyclic (al-kyl)(amino)carbenes) have gained major attention as strongly electron-rich carbon analogues of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) with broad applications in both industry and academia. Herein, we report a merger of CAAC ligands with highly-hindered IPr*. The efficient synthesis, electronic characterization and application in model Cu-catalyzed hydroboration of alkynes is described. The ligands are strongly electron-rich, bulky and flexible around the N-Ar wingtip. The availability of various IPr* and CAAC templates offers a significant potential to expand the existing arsenal of NHC ligands to electron-rich bulky architectures with critical applications in metal stabilization and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
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Zhang J, Li X, Li T, Zhang G, Wan K, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Copper(I)–Thiazol-2-ylidenes: Highly Reactive N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Hydroboration of Terminal and Internal Alkynes. Ligand Development, Synthetic Utility, and Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Gaopeng Zhang
- Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Co., Limited, Xi’an710299, China
| | - Kerou Wan
- Kaili Catalyst & New Materials Co., Limited, Xi’an710299, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710021, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey07102, United States
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12
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Zhou T, Gao P, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Well-Defined, Air- and Moisture-Stable Palladium-Imidazo[1,5- a]pyridin-3-ylidene Complexes: A Versatile Catalyst Platform for Cross-Coupling Reactions by L-Shaped NHC Ligands. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:6581-6589. [PMID: 38045636 PMCID: PMC10691866 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of [(NHC)Pd(cinnamyl)Cl] complexes of ImPy (ImPy = imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene) as a versatile class of precatalysts for cross-coupling reactions. These precatalysts feature fast activation to monoligated Pd(0) with 1:1 Pd to ligand ratio in a rigid imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene template. Steric matching of the C5-substituent and N2-wingtip in the catalytic pocket of the catalyst framework led to the discovery of ImPyMesDipp as a highly reactive imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligand for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of nitroarenes by challenging C-NO2 activation. Kinetic studies demonstrate fast activation and high reactivity of this class of well-defined ImPy-Pd catalysts. Structural studies provide full characteristics of this new class of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands. Computational studies establish electronic properties of sterically-restricted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands. Finally, a scalable synthesis of C5-substituted imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-ylidene ligands through Ni-catalyzed Kumada cross-coupling is disclosed. The method obviates chromatographic purification at any of the steps, resulting in a facile and modular access to ImPy ligands. We anticipate that well-defined [Pd-ImPy] complexes will find broad utility in organic synthesis and catalysis for activation of unreactive bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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13
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Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Meng G, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl]: Flexible, Sterically Bulky, Well-Defined, Highly Reactive Complex for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2022; 41:2597-2604. [PMID: 38031540 PMCID: PMC10686542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni-NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have become an increasingly important class of complexes in catalysis and organometallic chemistry owing to the beneficial features of nickel as an abundant 3d metal. However, the development of well-defined and air-stable Ni-NHC complexes for cross-coupling has been more challenging than with Pd-NHC catalysis because of less defined reactivity trends of NHC ancillary ligands coordinated to Ni. Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of well-defined [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complexes bearing recently commercialized IPr# family of ligands (Sigma Aldrich) and versatile cyclopentadienyl throw-away ligand. The NHC ligands, IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#, are prepared by robust and modular peralkylation of anilines. Most crucially, we identified [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl] as a highly reactive [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complex, with the reactivity outperforming the classical [Ni(IPr)(η5-Cp)Cl] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). These [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] precatalysts were employed in the Suzuki and Kumada cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides. Computational studies were conducted to determine steric effect and bond order analysis. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Ni-NHCs, we anticipate that this class of bulky and flexible Ni-NHC catalysts will find broad application in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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14
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Zhao Q, Li G, Nareddy P, Jordan F, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Structures of the Most Twisted Thioamide and Selenoamide: Effect of Higher Chalcogens of Twisted Amides on N-C(X) Resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207346. [PMID: 35776856 PMCID: PMC9398953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amide bond replacement with planar isosteric chalcogen analogues has an important implication for the properties of the N-C(X) linkage in structural chemistry, biochemistry and organic synthesis. Herein, we report the first higher chalcogen derivatives of non-planar twisted amides. The synthesis of twisted thioamide in a versatile system has been accomplished by direct thionation without cleavage of the σ N-C bond. The synthesis of twisted selenoamide has been accomplished by selenation with Woollins' reagent. The structures of higher chalcogen analogues of non-planar amides were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Reactivity studies were conducted to determine the effect of isologous N-C(O) to N-C(X) replacement on the properties of the amide linkage. Computational studies were employed to evaluate structural and energetic parameters of amide bond alteration in higher chalcogen amides. The study provides the first experimental evidence on the effect of chalcogen isologues on the structural and electronic properties of the non-planar amide N-C(X) linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pradeep Nareddy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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15
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Lei P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Hu Y, Feng J, Ma Z, Liu X, Szostak R, Szostak M. Sonogashira Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ammonium Salts by Selective C-N Activation Catalyzed by Air- and Moisture-Stable, Highly Active [Pd(NHC)(3-CF 3-An)Cl 2] (An = Aniline) Precatalysts. Org Lett 2022; 24:6310-6315. [PMID: 36001796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts catalyzed by air- and moisture-stable [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (An = aniline). This highly active Pd(II)-NHC complex features broad scope and excellent C-N activation selectivity in the challenging alkynylative cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts. Full structural characterization and computational studies demonstrate the effect of pyridine to aniline replacement as highly effective stabilizing ancillary ligand in well-defined Pd(II)-NHCs. Considering the high reactivity and the recent commercialization of [Pd(NHC)(3-CF3-An)Cl2] (Millipore Sigma, no. 915165), this catalyst represents an attractive approach to the activation of C-N bonds of broad synthetic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuge Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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16
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Rahman MM, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Pd-PEPPSI N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes from Caffeine: Application in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira Reactions. Organometallics 2022; 41:2281-2290. [PMID: 38031591 PMCID: PMC10686539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of Pd-PEPPSI N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from the abundant and renewable natural product caffeine is reported. The catalysts bearing 3-chloro-pyridine, pyridine and N-methylimidazole ancillary ligands were readily prepared from the corresponding N9-Me caffeine imidazolium salt by direct deprotonation and coordination to PdX2 in the presence of N-heterocycles or by ligand displacement of PdX2(Het)2. The model Pd-PEPPSI-caffeine complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The complexes were successfully employed in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides, Suzuki cross-coupling of amides, Heck cross-coupling and Sonogashira cross-coupling. Computational studies were employed to determine frontier molecular orbitals and bond order analysis of caffeine derived Pd-PEPPSI complexes. This class of catalysts offers an entry to utilize benign and sustainable biomass-derived Xanthine NHC ligands in the popular Pd-PEPPSI systems in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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17
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Zhao Q, Li G, Nareddy P, Jordan F, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Structures of the Most Twisted Thioamide and Selenoamide: Effect of Higher Chalcogens of Twisted Amides on N–C(X) Resonance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Rutgers University: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Guangchen Li
- Rutgers University: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Pradeep Nareddy
- Rutgers University: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Frank Jordan
- Rutgers University System: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Rutgers University System: Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Roman Szostak
- Uniwersytet Wroclawski Wydzial Chemii Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Michal Szostak
- Rutgers University Department of Chemistry 73 Warren St. 07102 Newark UNITED STATES
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18
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Mazurek S, Włodarczyk M, Pielorz S, Okińczyc P, Kuś PM, Długosz G, Vidal-Yañez D, Szostak R. Quantification of Salicylates and Flavonoids in Poplar Bark and Leaves Based on IR, NIR, and Raman Spectra. Molecules 2022; 27:3954. [PMID: 35745076 PMCID: PMC9229158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplar bark and leaves can be an attractive source of salicylates and other biologically active compounds used in medicine. However, the biochemical variability of poplar material requires a standardization prior to processing. The official analytical protocols used in the pharmaceutical industry rely on the extraction of active compounds, which makes their determination long and costly. An analysis of plant materials in their native state can be performed using vibrational spectroscopy. This paper presents for the first time a comparison of diffuse reflectance in the near- and mid-infrared regions, attenuated total reflection, and Raman spectroscopy used for the simultaneous determination of salicylates and flavonoids in poplar bark and leaves. Based on 185 spectra of various poplar species and hybrid powdered samples, partial least squares regression models, characterized by the relative standard errors of prediction in the 4.5-9.9% range for both calibration and validation sets, were developed. These models allow for fast and precise quantification of the studied active compounds in poplar bark and leaves without any chemical sample treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Mazurek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (S.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (P.O.); (P.M.K.); (G.D.); (D.V.-Y.)
| | - Sonia Pielorz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (S.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (P.O.); (P.M.K.); (G.D.); (D.V.-Y.)
| | - Piotr M. Kuś
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (P.O.); (P.M.K.); (G.D.); (D.V.-Y.)
| | - Gabriela Długosz
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (P.O.); (P.M.K.); (G.D.); (D.V.-Y.)
| | - Diana Vidal-Yañez
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (P.O.); (P.M.K.); (G.D.); (D.V.-Y.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (S.P.); (R.S.)
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19
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Liu T, Fang S, Wang R, Ma Y, Fang R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Application of Indazolin-3-ylidenes in Catalysis: Steric Tuning of Nonclassical Formally Normal N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with Dual Electronic Character for Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- Institute of Frontier Science and Technology Transfer, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Ran Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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20
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Zhang J, Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel(II) from Caffeine and Theophylline: Sustainable Alternative to Imidazol-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2022; 41:1806-1815. [PMID: 36213557 PMCID: PMC9534456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, are abundant natural products that are often present in foods. Leveraging renewable and benign resources for ligand design in organometallic chemistry and catalysis is one of the major missions of green and sustainable chemistry. In this Special Issue on Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry, we report the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from Xanthines. Well-defined, air- and moisture-stable, half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)I] nickel-NHC complexes are prepared from the natural products caffeine and theophylline. The model complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties is presented. High activity in the model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is demonstrated. The data show that nickel-N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from both Earth abundant 3d transition metal and renewable natural products represent a sustainable alternative to the classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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21
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22
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Wang CA, Rahman MM, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M. Palladium-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic Carbene)-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Amides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6 14, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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23
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Li DH, Lan XB, Song AX, Rahman MM, Xu C, Huang FD, Szostak R, Szostak M, Liu FS. Buchwald-Hartwig Amination of Coordinating Heterocycles Enabled by Large-but-Flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC Catalysts*. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103341. [PMID: 34773313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A new class of large-but-flexible Pd-BIAN-NHC catalysts (BIAN=acenaphthoimidazolylidene, NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) has been rationally designed to enable the challenging Buchwald-Hartwig amination of coordinating heterocycles. This robust class of BIAN-NHC catalysts permits cross-coupling under practical aerobic conditions of a variety of heterocycles with aryl, alkyl, and heteroarylamines, including historically challenging oxazoles and thiazoles as well as electron-deficient heterocycles containing multiple heteroatoms with BIAN-INon (N,N'-bis(2,6-di(4-heptyl)phenyl)-7H-acenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazol-8-ylidene) as the most effective ligand. Studies on the ligand structure and electronic properties of the carbene center are reported. The study should facilitate the discovery of even more active catalyst systems based on the unique BIAN-NHC scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan Province 423000, P. R. China
| | - A-Xiang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Dong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, P. R. China
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24
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Xia Q, Shi S, Gao P, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [(NHC)PdCl 2(Aniline)] Complexes: Easily Synthesized, Highly Active Pd(II)-NHC Precatalysts for Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15648-15657. [PMID: 34619970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of [(NHC)PdCl2(aniline)] complexes. These well-defined, air- and moisture-stable catalysts are highly active in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by N-C(O) activation as well as in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of esters, aryl chlorides, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination. Most crucially, this study introduces broadly available anilines as stabilizing ligands for well-defined Pd(II)-NHC catalysts. The availability of various aniline scaffolds, including structural and electronic diversity, has a significant potential in fine-tuning of challenging cross-couplings by Pd-NHCs. The parent catalyst in this class, [Pd(IPr)(AN)Cl2], has been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma, offering broad access for reaction screening and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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25
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Zhao Q, Meng G, Li G, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. IPr# - highly hindered, broadly applicable N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10583-10589. [PMID: 34447551 PMCID: PMC8356752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand throughout the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, catalytic activity, and full structural and electronic characterization of novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept, including IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420, enabling broad access of the academic and industrial researchers to new ligands for reaction optimization and screening. In particular, the synthesis of IPr# hinges upon cost-effective, modular alkylation of aniline, an industrial chemical that is available in bulk. The generality of this approach in ligand design is demonstrated through facile synthesis of BIAN-IPr# and Np#, two ligands that differ in steric properties and N-wingtip arrangement. The broad activity in various cross-coupling reactions in an array of N–C, O–C, C–Cl, C–Br, C–S and C–H bond cross-couplings is demonstrated. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as coordination chemistry to Au(i), Rh(i) and Pd(ii) is presented. Given the tremendous importance of NHC ligands in homogenous catalysis, we expect that this new class of NHCs will find rapid and widespread application. We report novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Carol Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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26
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Rahman MM, Pyle DJ, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Ejsmont K, Lalancette R, Wang Q, Chen H, Szostak R, Szostak M. Evaluation of Cyclic Amides as Activating Groups in N-C Bond Cross-Coupling: Discovery of N-Acyl-δ-valerolactams as Effective Twisted Amide Precursors for Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10455-10466. [PMID: 34275281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for facilitating N-C(O) bond activation in amides is an important objective in organic synthesis that permits the manipulation of the traditionally unreactive amide bonds. Herein, we report a comparative evaluation of a series of cyclic amides as activating groups in amide N-C(O) bond cross-coupling. Evaluation of N-acyl-imides, N-acyl-lactams, and N-acyl-oxazolidinones bearing five- and six-membered rings using Pd(II)-NHC and Pd-phosphine systems reveals the relative reactivity order of N-activating groups in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The reactivity of activated phenolic esters and thioesters is evaluated for comparison in O-C(O) and S-C(O) cross-coupling under the same reaction conditions. Most notably, the study reveals N-acyl-δ-valerolactams as a highly effective class of mono-N-acyl-activated amide precursors in cross-coupling. The X-ray structure of the model N-acyl-δ-valerolactam is characterized by an additive Winkler-Dunitz distortion parameter Σ(τ+χN) of 54.0°, placing this amide in a medium distortion range of twisted amides. Computational studies provide insight into the structural and energetic parameters of the amide bond, including amidic resonance, N/O-protonation aptitude, and the rotational barrier around the N-C(O) axis. This class of N-acyl-lactams will be a valuable addition to the growing portfolio of amide electrophiles for cross-coupling reactions by acyl-metal intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Daniel J Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6 14, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ejsmont
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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27
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Li H, Peng M, Lai Z, Ning L, Chen X, Zhang X, Wang P, Szostak R, Szostak M, An J. Acyl fluorides as direct precursors to fluoride ketyl radicals: reductive deuteration using SmI 2 and D 2O. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5195-5198. [PMID: 33908475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective reductive deuteration of acyl fluorides to provide α,α-dideuterio alcohols with exquisite levels of deuterium incorporation was developed using SmI2 and D2O as the deuterium source. This method introduces acyl fluorides as attractive radical precursors for the generation of reactive acyl-type fluoride ketyls that should find widespread application in many synthetic strategies involving single electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. and Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengqi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zemin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.
| | - Jie An
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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28
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Shi Y, Liu X, Cao H, Bie F, Han Y, Yan P, Szostak R, Szostak M, Liu C. Conversion of esters to thioesters under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2991-2996. [PMID: 33734267 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report conversion of esters to thioesters via selective C-O bond cleavage/weak C-S bond formation under transition-metal-free conditions. The method is notable for a general and practical transition-metal-free system, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. The strategy was successfully deployed in late-stage thioesterification, site-selective cross-coupling/thioesterification/decarbonylation and easy-to-handle gram scale thioesterification. Selectivity and computational studies were performed to gain insight into the formation of weak C-S bonds by C-O bond cleavage, which contrasts with the traditional trend of nucleophilic additions to carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Shi
- Shandong Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, China.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Zhulin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xiufang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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30
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Ielo L, Pace V, Holzer W, Rahman MM, Meng G, Szostak R, Szostak M. Electrophilicity Scale of Activated Amides: 17 O NMR and 15 N NMR Chemical Shifts of Acyclic Twisted Amides in N-C(O) Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2020; 26:16246-16250. [PMID: 32668046 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The structure and properties of amides are of tremendous interest in organic synthesis and biochemistry. Traditional amides are planar and the carbonyl group non-electrophilic due to nN →π*C=O conjugation. In this study, we report electrophilicity scale by exploiting 17 O NMR and 15 N NMR chemical shifts of acyclic twisted and destabilized acyclic amides that have recently received major attention as precursors in N-C(O) cross-coupling by selective oxidative addition as well as precursors in electrophilic activation of N-C(O) bonds. Most crucially, we demonstrate that acyclic twisted amides feature electrophilicity of the carbonyl group that ranges between that of acid anhydrides and acid chlorides. Furthermore, a wide range of electrophilic amides is possible with gradually varying carbonyl electrophilicity by steric and electronic tuning of amide bond properties. Overall, the study quantifies for the first time that steric and electronic destabilization of the amide bond in common acyclic amides renders the amide bond as electrophilic as acid anhydrides and chlorides. These findings should have major implications on the fundamental properties of amide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw, 50383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
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31
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Tsaryuk VI, Zhuravlev KP, Szostak R, Vologzhanina AV. STRUCTURE, LUMINESCENCE, AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF EUROPIUM AND TERBIUM DIPIVALOYLMETHANATES AND OTHER β-DIKETONATES WITH 2,2′-BIPYRIDINE. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620070045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Buchspies J, Rahman MM, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Acylcarbazoles and N-Acylindoles: Electronically Activated Amides for N–C(O) Cross-Coupling by Nlp to Ar Conjugation Switch. Org Lett 2020; 22:4703-4709. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Buchspies
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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33
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Węglińska M, Szostak R, Kita A, Nemś A, Mazurek S. Determination of nutritional parameters of bee pollen by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Talanta 2020; 212:120790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Rahman MM, Liu C, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Wang Q, Chen H, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Acyl-glutarimides: Effect of Glutarimide Ring on the Structures of Fully Perpendicular Twisted Amides and N–C Bond Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5475-5485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-373 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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35
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Li H, Hou Y, Liu C, Lai Z, Ning L, Szostak R, Szostak M, An J. Pentafluorophenyl Esters: Highly Chemoselective Ketyl Precursors for the Synthesis of α,α-Dideuterio Alcohols Using SmI2 and D2O as a Deuterium Source. Org Lett 2020; 22:1249-1253. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhao Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zemin Lai
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Ning
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jie An
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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37
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Szostak R, Silva JC, Turren-Cruz SH, Soares MM, Freitas RO, Hagfeldt A, Tolentino HCN, Nogueira AF. Nanoscale mapping of chemical composition in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite films. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw6619. [PMID: 31692661 PMCID: PMC6814396 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) solar cells can attain efficiencies over 20%. However, the impact of ion mobility and/or organic depletion, structural changes, and segregation under operating conditions urge for decisive and more accurate investigations. Hence, the development of analytical tools for accessing the grain-to-grain OIHP chemistry is of great relevance. Here, we used synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (nano-FTIR) to map individual nanograins in OIHP films. Our results reveal a spatial heterogeneity of the vibrational activity associated to the nanoscale chemical diversity of isolated grains. It was possible to map the chemistry of individual grains in CsFAMA [Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] and FAMA [FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] films, with information on their local composition. Nanograins with stronger nano-FTIR activity in CsFAMA and FAMA films can be assigned to PbI2 and hexagonal polytype phases, respectively. The analysis herein can be extended to any OIHP films where organic cation depletion/accumulation can be used as a chemical label to study composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Szostak
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar, Chemistry Institute, Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - J. C. Silva
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar, Chemistry Institute, Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - S.-H. Turren-Cruz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. M. Soares
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - R. O. Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - A. Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H. C. N. Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
- Corresponding author. (A.F.N.); (H.C.N.T.)
| | - A. F. Nogueira
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar, Chemistry Institute, Campinas, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Brazil
- Corresponding author. (A.F.N.); (H.C.N.T.)
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38
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Liu C, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Sterically Hindered Ketones via Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N–C(O) Activation. Org Lett 2019; 21:7976-7981. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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39
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Czaja T, Wójcik K, Grzeszczuk M, Szostak R. Polypyrrole⁻Methyl Orange Raman pH Sensor. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E715. [PMID: 31010147 PMCID: PMC6523554 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An easy-to-prepare pH sensor based on electrochemically obtained polypyrrole doped with methyl orange ions is described. It enables the determination of a pH value in the 3-13 range for volumes below 1 µL. In a wide pH range, resonance and pre-resonance methyl orange Raman spectra, excited with the 514.5 nm line of an Ar+ laser, changed noticeably in function of H+ concentration. Two types of measurements were performed. In the first case, Raman spectra of the analyzed solutions were collected for samples placed on the sensor surface using a confocal microscope equipped with a 10x objective. Next, measurements were conducted for the same samples without the sensor. On the basis of these spectra, partial least-squares models were elaborated and validated. Relative standard errors of prediction for calibration, validation, and test samples were found to be in the 3.7%-3.9% range. An analogous model build using spectra registered without the sensor was characterized by slightly worse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Czaja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wójcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Maria Grzeszczuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Pace V, Holzer W, Ielo L, Shi S, Meng G, Hanna M, Szostak R, Szostak M. 17O NMR and 15N NMR chemical shifts of sterically-hindered amides: ground-state destabilization in amide electrophilicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4423-4426. [PMID: 30916689 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01402k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The structure and spectroscopic properties of the amide bond are a topic of fundamental interest in chemistry and biology. Herein, we report 17O NMR and 15N NMR spectroscopic data for four series of sterically-hindered acyclic amides. Despite the utility of 17O NMR and 15N NMR spectroscopy, these methods are severely underutilized in the experimental determination of electronic properties of the amide bond. The data demonstrate that a combined use of 17O NMR and 15N NMR serves as a powerful tool in assessing electronic effects of the amide bond substitution as a measure of electrophilicity of the amide bond. Notably, we demonstrate that steric destabilization of the amide bond results in electronically-activated amides that are comparable in terms of electrophilicity to acyl fluorides and carboxylic acid anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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Shi S, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Triflamides: Highly Reactive, Electronically Activated N-Sulfonyl Amides in Catalytic N-C(O) Amide Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2019; 21:1253-1257. [PMID: 30768275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The direct, highly chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of trifluoromethanesulfonamides (triflamides) by selective N-C(O) amide bond cleavage is reported. This operationally simple, mild, and user-friendly method accomplishes the direct synthesis of ketones from amides by a catalytic manifold as a powerful alternative to Weinreb amides. Mechanistic studies support rotational inversion and electronic activation, favoring selective insertion under mild conditions. Our data strongly suggest that triflamides should be routinely considered as precursors in amide bond cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Wroclaw University , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , Wroclaw 50-383 , Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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Abstract
Tröger's base twisted amides have emerged as attractive scaffolds to readily achieve substantial nonplanarity of the amide bond in a bicyclic lactam framework. Herein, we report structures and proton affinities of a diverse set of Tröger's base twisted amides and compare them with related nonplanar bridged lactams. The data demonstrate that Tröger's base twisted amides embedded in a [3.3.1] scaffold are among the most twisted bridged lactams prepared to date. Intriguingly, while these amides also favor N-protonation, our data show that the best model for probing N-protonation aptitude in the series of nonplanar amides are less twisted benzofused 1-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one derivatives. This work (1) provides the understanding for future design of nonplanar bridged lactams to directly access N-protonated amide bonds, (2) validates the use of the additive Winkler-Dunitz distortion parameter, and (3) emphasizes the importance of peripheral modification to modulate properties of nonplanar amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Wroclaw University , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , Wroclaw 50-383 , Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ruzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Road, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Szostak R, Liu C, Lalancette R, Szostak M. Twisted N-Acyl-hydantoins: Rotationally Inverted Urea-Imides of Relevance in N-C(O) Cross-coupling. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14676-14682. [PMID: 30352152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined structural and computational study on the properties of twisted acyclic hydantoins. These compounds feature cyclic urea-imide moiety that is widely found in bioactive compounds and is structurally related to the classic bridged hydantoins proposed by Smissman more than 50 years ago. We demonstrate that C to N-substitution of the imide moiety in the succinimide ring to give hydantoin results in one of the most distorted acyclic amide bonds reported to date. The energetic properties of twisted acyclic hydantoins with respect to structures, resonance energies, barriers to rotation, and proton affinities are discussed. The energetic and structural properties of twisted acyclic hydantoins described provide a benchmark to facilitate the development of twisted amides based on the biorelevant cyclic urea-imide scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Wroclaw University , F. Joliot-Curie 14 , Wroclaw 50-383 , Poland
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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Piontek A, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M. Structures and energetic properties of 4-halobenzamides. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2018; 74:1395-1402. [PMID: 30398194 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229618013463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The amide bond represents one of the most fundamental functional groups in chemistry. The properties of amides are defined by amidic resonance (nN→π*C=O conjugation), which enforces planarity of the six atoms comprising the amide bond. Despite the importance of 4-halo-substituted benzamides in organic synthesis, molecular interactions and medicinal chemistry, the effect of 4-halo-substitution on the properties of the amide bond in N,N-disubstituted benzamides has not been studied. Herein, we report the crystal structures and energetic properties of a full series of 4-halobenzamides. The structures of four 4-halobenzamides (halo = iodo, bromo, chloro and fluoro) in the N-morpholinyl series have been determined, namely 4-[(4-halophenyl)carbonyl]morpholine, C11H12XNO2, for halo = iodo (X = I), bromo (X = Br), chloro (X = Cl) and fluoro (X = F). Computations have been used to determine the effect of halogen substitution on the structures and resonance energies. 4-Iodo-N-morpholinylbenzamide crystallized with a significant distortion of the amide bond (τ + χN = 33°). The present study supports the correlation between the Ar-C(O) axis twist angle and the twist angle of the amide N-C(O) bond. Comparison of resonance energies in synthetically valuable N-morpholinyl and N-piperidinyl amides demonstrates that the O atom of the morpholinyl ring has a negligible effect on amidic resonance in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Piontek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Liu C, Li G, Shi S, Meng G, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Acyl and Decarbonylative Suzuki Coupling of N-Acetyl Amides: Electronic Tuning of Twisted, Acyclic Amides in Catalytic Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Mazurek S, Fecka I, Węglińska M, Szostak R. Quantification of active ingredients in Potentilla tormentilla by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Talanta 2018; 189:308-314. [PMID: 30086923 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The most important active compounds present in Potentilla tormentilla rhizomes were quantitatively determined on the basis of Raman, attenuated total reflection (ATR) and diffuse reflectance mid- and near- infrared spectra (DRIFTS) collected for the untreated plant material. Partial least-squares (PLS) models were constructed utilizing vibrational spectra and the results of reference high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. Applying Raman spectroscopy, total polyphenols, tannins, ellagitannins, procyanidins, agrimoniin, 3-O-galloylquininc acid and catechin were simultaneously quantified in tormentil rhizomes, with the relative standard errors of prediction in the 2.0-4.9% range for both calibration and validation sets. These error ranges were found to be slightly higher for infrared techniques and amounted to 2.7-6.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Mazurek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wrocław Medical University, 211 Borowska, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Węglińska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Tomza P, Wrzeszcz W, Mazurek S, Szostak R, Czarnecki MA. Microheterogeneity in binary mixtures of water with CH 3OH and CD 3OH: ATR-IR spectroscopic, chemometric and DFT studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 197:88-94. [PMID: 29395933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report ATR-IR spectroscopic study on the separation at a molecular level (microheterogeneity) and the degree of deviation of H2O/CH3OH and H2O/CD3OH mixtures from the ideal mixture. Of particular interest is the effect of isotopic substitution in methyl group on molecular structure and interactions in both mixtures. To obtain comprehensive information from the multivariate data we applied the excess molar absorptivity spectra together with two-dimensional correlation analysis (2DCOS) and chemometric methods. In addition, the experimental results were compared and discussed with the structures of various model clusters obtained from theoretical (DFT) calculations. Our results evidence the presence of separation at a molecular level and deviation from the ideal mixture for both mixtures. The experimental and theoretical results show that the maximum of these deviations appears at equimolar mixture. Both mixtures consist of three kinds of species: homoclusters of water and methanol and mixed clusters (heteroclusters). The heteroclusters exist in the whole range of mole fractions with the maximum close to the equimolar mixture. At this mixture composition near 55-60% of molecules are involved in heteroclusters. In contrast, the homoclusters of water occur in a limited range of mole fractions (XME < 0.85-0.9). Upon mixing the molecules of methanol form weaker hydrogen bonding as compared with the pure alcohol. In contrast, the molecules of water in the mixture are involved in stronger hydrogen bonding than those in bulk water. All these results indicate that both mixtures have similar degree of deviation from the ideal mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Tomza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, POLAND
| | - Władysław Wrzeszcz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, POLAND
| | - Sylwester Mazurek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, POLAND
| | - Roman Szostak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, POLAND
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Czaja T, Baranowska M, Mazurek S, Szostak R. Determination of nutritional parameters of yoghurts by FT Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 196:413-417. [PMID: 29499570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
FT-Raman quantitative analysis of nutritional parameters of yoghurts was performed with the help of partial least squares models. The relative standard errors of prediction for fat, lactose and protein determination in the quantified commercial samples equalled to 3.9, 3.2 and 3.6%, respectively. Models based on attenuated total reflectance spectra of the liquid yoghurt samples and of dried yoghurt films collected with the single reflection diamond accessory showed relative standard errors of prediction values of 1.6-5.0% and 2.7-5.2%, respectively, for the analysed components. Despite a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio in the obtained spectra, Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics, constitutes a fast and powerful tool for macronutrients quantification in yoghurts. Errors received for attenuated total reflectance method were found to be relatively higher than those for Raman spectroscopy due to inhomogeneity of the analysed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Czaja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Baranowska
- Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury, 7 Oczapowskiego, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwester Mazurek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Acyl-glutarimides: Resonance and Proton Affinities of Rotationally-Inverted Twisted Amides Relevant to N–C(O) Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2018; 20:1342-1345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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