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Mendelsohn R, Lemyre B, Webster R, Mabilangan K, S.Bulusu, Pohl D. Real-time detection of neonatal seizures improves with on demand EEG interpretation. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:166-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhao Q, Meng G, Li G, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. IPr# - highly hindered, broadly applicable N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10583-10589. [PMID: 34447551 PMCID: PMC8356752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand throughout the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, catalytic activity, and full structural and electronic characterization of novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept, including IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420, enabling broad access of the academic and industrial researchers to new ligands for reaction optimization and screening. In particular, the synthesis of IPr# hinges upon cost-effective, modular alkylation of aniline, an industrial chemical that is available in bulk. The generality of this approach in ligand design is demonstrated through facile synthesis of BIAN-IPr# and Np#, two ligands that differ in steric properties and N-wingtip arrangement. The broad activity in various cross-coupling reactions in an array of N–C, O–C, C–Cl, C–Br, C–S and C–H bond cross-couplings is demonstrated. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as coordination chemistry to Au(i), Rh(i) and Pd(ii) is presented. Given the tremendous importance of NHC ligands in homogenous catalysis, we expect that this new class of NHCs will find rapid and widespread application. We report novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Carol Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Zhang Q, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Page L, Whitson S, Boncheva Bettex M. Visualization of Epidermal Reservoir Formation from Topical Diclofenac Gels by Raman Spectroscopy. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1621-1627. [PMID: 32753939 PMCID: PMC7342390 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s253069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This work investigated whether topical pain relief diclofenac gels can form a diclofenac reservoir in the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin. Methods Excised human skin samples were treated with three topical diclofenac gels ex vivo and examined using Raman microscopy of transversally microtomed sections. The relative diclofenac concentration in the skin layers was calculated as the ratio of the integrated areas of bands characteristic of diclofenac (~445 cm−1) and skin (Amide I). A customized masking algorithm ensured that only diclofenac-specific signal was mapped in the resulting Raman images. Results A heterogenous spatial distribution of diclofenac was clearly visible in both the epidermis and the dermis in all samples, with a markedly higher diclofenac relative content and number of pixels above the detection limit in the epidermis compared to the dermis. Conclusion The Raman images evidenced that the studied topical gels deliver diclofenac through the stratum corneum skin barrier and form a drug depot localized in the epidermis. The data are in line with earlier clinical findings that this depot acts like a true reservoir and enables sustained drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Leanne Page
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, East Lothian, UK
| | - Susan Whitson
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, East Lothian, UK
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Pyatski Y, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. FT-IR investigation of Terbinafine interaction with stratum corneum constituents. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2020; 1862:183335. [PMID: 32376224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Terbinafine (Tbf) is a well-established anti-fungal agent used for management of a variety of dermal conditions including ringworm and athlete's foot. Both the biochemical mechanism of Tbf fungicidal action (based on squalene epoxidase inhibition) and the target region for Tbf in vivo (the stratum corneum (SC)) are well determined. However, the biochemical and pharmacokinetic approaches used to evaluate Tbf biochemistry provide no biophysical information about molecular level physical changes in the SC upon Tbf binding. Such information is necessary for improved drug and formulation design. IR spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the effects of Tbf on keratin structure in environments commonly used in pharmaceutics to mimic those in vivo. The Amide I and II spectral regions (1500-1700 cm-1) provided an effective means to monitor keratin secondary structure changes, while a Tbf spectral feature near 775 cm-1 provides a measure of relative Tbf levels in skin. Interaction of Tbf with the SC induced substantial β-sheet formation in the keratin, an effect which was partially reversed both by ethanol washing and by exposure to high relative humidity. The irreversibility suggests the presence of a Tbf reservoir (consistent with kinetic studies), permitting the drug to be released in a controlled manner into the surrounding tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Pyatski
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Mao G, Conroy O, Pyatski Y, Fevola MJ, Cula GO, Maitra P, Mendelsohn R, Flach CR. Novel confocal Raman microscopy method to investigate hydration mechanisms in human skin. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:653-661. [PMID: 30932226 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin hydration is essential for maintaining stratum corneum (SC) flexibility and facilitating maturation events. Moisturizers contain multiple ingredients to maintain and improve skin hydration although a complete understanding of hydration mechanisms is lacking. The ability to differentiate the source of the hydration (water from the environment or deeper skin regions) upon application of product will aid in designing more efficacious formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Novel confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) experiments allow us to investigate mechanisms and levels of hydration in the SC. Using deuterium oxide (D2 O) as a probe permits the differentiation of endogenous water (H2 O) from exogenous D2 O. Following topical application of D2 O, we first compare in vivo skin depth profiles with those obtained using ex vivo skin. Additional ex vivo experiments are conducted to quantify the kinetics of D2 O diffusion in the epidermis by introducing D2 O under the dermis. RESULTS Relative D2 O depth profiles from in vivo and ex vivo measurements compare well considering procedural and instrumental differences. Additional in vivo experiments where D2 O was applied following topical glycerin application increased the longevity of D2 O in the SC. Reproducible rates of D2 O diffusion as a function of depth have been established for experiments where D2 O is introduced under ex vivo skin. CONCLUSION Unique information regarding hydration mechanisms are obtained from CRM experiments using D2 O as a probe. The source and relative rates of hydration can be delineated using ex vivo skin with D2 O underneath. One can envision comparing these depth-dependent rates in the presence and absence of topically applied hydrating agents to obtain mechanistic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Wang
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, New Jersey
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Guangru Mao
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, New Jersey
| | - Oscar Conroy
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, New Jersey
| | - Yelena Pyatski
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Michael J Fevola
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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Bianchini JM, Zhang Q, Hanna G, Flach CR, Wang H, Southall MD, Mendelsohn R, Randhawa M. <p>A unique gel matrix moisturizer delivers deep hydration resulting in significant clinical improvement in radiance and texture</p>. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:229-239. [PMID: 31114284 PMCID: PMC6489629 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s196110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: As skin ages, it loses its ability to retain moisture and becomes rough and dry. This results in a clinically dull appearance with a loss of radiance, firmness, and suppleness. Symptoms can be improved with use of a moisturizer that builds and maintains skin hydration over time; however, most moisturizers that occlude the skin surface are perceived as heavy and greasy and are not consumer preferred. Methods: A unique, consumer-preferred gel matrix formula was developed by combining liquid crystal structures, which mimic skin barrier lipid assembly, with specific emulsifiers that deliver water deep into skin. Ex vivo studies were conducted to investigate the superior hydrating effects of the gel matrix formula. Confocal Raman microscopy studies assessed the spatial distribution of water in ex vivo skin after application of the gel matrix formula. To determine the effects of the gel matrix formula on dry facial skin, a 12-week clinical study was conducted with subjects with self-perceived skin dryness and dullness. Results: The formulation significantly increased the relative water content throughout epidermal regions, which was not observed with the application of a competitive gel formula. Instrumental measurements assessed improvements in skin surface moisturization and barrier function. Clinical grading showed significant improvements in hydration-related endpoints including radiance, clarity, and texture. Subject self-agree assessment demonstrated that subjects observed improvements in the appearance of their facial skin. Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that the gel matrix formula increased skin water content in deeper layers, and resulted in significant clinical improvements in hydration, barrier function, and clinical appearance of radiance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gabriel Hanna
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hequn Wang
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Manpreet Randhawa
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
- Correspondence: Manpreet RandhawaJohnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ08558, USAPhone +1 908 904 3062Fax +1 908 874 1209Email
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Meng G, Patel M, Luo F, Li Q, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, He H, Szostak M. Graphene oxide catalyzed ketone α-alkylation with alkenes: enhancement of graphene oxide activity by hydrogen bonding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5379-5382. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02578b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first ketone-alkylation using olefins and alcohols as simple alkylating agents catalyzed by graphene oxide is reported. Extensive studies of the graphene surface suggest a pathway involving dual activation of both coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feixiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Qingdong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | - Carol Flach
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | | | - Eric Garfunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
| | - Huixin He
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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Dos Santos Fernandes G, Chatila W, Yaeger R, Mendelsohn R, Stadler Z, Segal N, Varghese A, Reidy D, Diaz L, Shia J, Vakiani E, Hechtman J, Schultz N, Berger M, Hyman D, Solit D, Saltz L, Garcia Aguilar J, Cercek A. Comparing metastatic (M) young onset (YO) colorectal cancer (CRC) with average onset (AO): Do they differ clinically and genetically? Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Imbert L, Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Villarreal-Ramirez E, Spevak L, Taleb H, van der Meulen MCH, Mendelsohn R, Boskey AL. Dynamic structure and composition of bone investigated by nanoscale infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202833. [PMID: 30180177 PMCID: PMC6122783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly organized tissue in which each structural level influences the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical behavior. In particular, the quantity, quality, and distribution of the different bone components, i.e. collagen matrix and hydroxyapatite crystals, are associated with bone strength or fragility. Common spectroscopic techniques used to assess bone composition have resolutions limited to the micrometer range. In this study, our aims were two-fold: i) to develop and validate the AFM-IR methodology for skeletal tissues and ii) to apply the methodology to sheep cancellous bone with the objective to obtain novel findings on the composition and structure of trabecular packets.To develop the methodology, we assessed spatial and temporal reproducibility using a known homogeneous material (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA). We verified that the major peak positions were similar and not shifted when compared to traditional Fourier Transform Infrared imaging (FTIRI). When AFM-IR was applied to sheep cancellous bone, the mineral-to-matrix ratio increased and the acid phosphate substitution ratio decreased as a function of tissue maturity. The resolution of the technique enabled visualization of different stages of the bone maturation process, particularly newly-formed osteoid prior to mineralization. We also observed alternating patterns of IR parameters in line and imaging measurements, suggesting the apposition of layers of alternating structure and / or composition that were not visible with traditional spectroscopic methods. In conclusion, nanoscale IR spectroscopy demonstrates novel compositional and structural changes within trabecular packets in cancellous bone. Based on these results, AFM-IR is a valuable tool to investigate cancellous bone at the nanoscale and, more generally, to analyze small dynamic areas that are invisible to traditional spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Imbert
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Eduardo Villarreal-Ramirez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, DEPeI, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Lyudmila Spevak
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hayat Taleb
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Nanton V, Appleton R, Dale J, Roscoe J, Hamborg T, Ahmedzai SH, Arvanitis TN, Badger D, James N, Mendelsohn R, Khan O, Parashar D, Patel P. Integrated Care in Prostate Cancer (ICARE-P): Nonrandomized Controlled Feasibility Study of Online Holistic Needs Assessment, Linking the Patient and the Health Care Team. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e147. [PMID: 28754653 PMCID: PMC5554351 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential of technology to aid integration of care delivery systems is being explored in a range of contexts across a variety of conditions in the United Kingdom. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in UK men. With a 10-year survival rate of 84%, there is a need to explore innovative methods of care that are integrated between primary health care providers and specialist teams in order to address long-term consequences of the disease and its treatment as well as to provide continued monitoring for recurrence. Objective Our aim was to test the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to compare a model of prostate cancer continuing and follow-up care integration, underpinned by digital technology, with usual care in terms of clinical and cost-effectiveness, patient-reported outcomes, and experience. Methods A first phase of the study has included development of an online adaptive prostate specific Holistic Needs Assessment system (HNA), training for primary care-based nurses, training of an IT peer supporter, and interviews with health care professionals and men with prostate cancer to explore views of their care, experience of technology, and views of the proposed intervention. In Phase 2, men in the intervention arm will complete the HNA at home to help identify and articulate concerns and share them with their health care professionals, in both primary and specialist care. Participants in the control arm will receive usual care. Outcomes including quality of life and well-being, prostate-specific concerns, and patient enablement will be measured 3 times over a 9-month period. Results Findings from phase 1 indicated strong support for the intervention among men, including those who had had little experience of digital technology. Men expressed a range of views on ways that the online system might be used within a clinical pathway. Health care professionals gave valuable feedback on how the output of the assessment might be presented to encourage engagement and uptake by clinical teams. Recruitment to the second phase of the study, the feasibility trial, commenced March 2017. Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first in the United Kingdom to trial an online holistic needs assessment for men with prostate cancer, with data shared between patients and primary and secondary care providers. This study addresses recommendations in recent policy documents promoting the importance of data sharing and enhanced communication between care providers as a basis for care integration. We anticipate that this model of care will ultimately provide important benefits for both patients and the National Health Service. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 31380482; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN31380482 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6s8I42u5N)
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Nanton
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Appleton
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Roscoe
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hamborg
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sam H Ahmedzai
- Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Badger
- South Warwickshire Prostate Support Association, Stratford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas James
- The Cancer Centre, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Omar Khan
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Patel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Von Euw S, Zhang Q, Manichev V, Murali N, Gross J, Feldman LC, Gustafsson T, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Falkowski PG. Biological control of aragonite formation in stony corals. Science 2017; 356:933-938. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Li WH, Zhang Q, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Southall MD, Parsa R. In vitro modeling of unsaturated free fatty acid-mediated tissue impairments seen in acne lesions. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:529-540. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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13
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Kaya S, Basta-Pljakic J, Seref-Ferlengez Z, Majeska RJ, Cardoso L, Bromage T, Zhang Q, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Yakar S, Fritton SP, Schaffler MB. Lactation-Induced Changes in the Volume of Osteocyte Lacunar-Canalicular Space Alter Mechanical Properties in Cortical Bone Tissue. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:688-697. [PMID: 27859586 PMCID: PMC5395324 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteocytes can remove and remodel small amounts of their surrounding bone matrix through osteocytic osteolysis, which results in increased volume occupied by lacunar and canalicular space (LCS). It is well established that cortical bone stiffness and strength are strongly and inversely correlated with vascular porosity, but whether changes in LCS volume caused by osteocytic osteolysis are large enough to affect bone mechanical properties is not known. In the current studies we tested the hypotheses that (1) lactation and postlactation recovery in mice alter the elastic modulus of bone tissue, and (2) such local changes in mechanical properties are related predominantly to alterations in lacunar and canalicular volume rather than bone matrix composition. Mechanical testing was performed using microindentation to measure modulus in regions containing solely osteocytes and no vascular porosity. Lactation caused a significant (∼13%) reduction in bone tissue-level elastic modulus (p < 0.001). After 1 week postweaning (recovery), bone modulus levels returned to control levels and did not change further after 4 weeks of recovery. LCS porosity tracked inversely with changes in cortical bone modulus. Lacunar and canalicular void space increased 7% and 15% with lactation, respectively (p < 0.05), then returned to control levels at 1 week after weaning. Neither bone mineralization (assessed by high-resolution backscattered scanning electron microscopy) nor mineral/matrix ratio or crystallinity (assessed by Raman microspectroscopy) changed with lactation. Thus, changes in bone mechanical properties induced by lactation and recovery appear to depend predominantly on changes in osteocyte LCS dimensions. Moreover, this study demonstrates that tissue-level cortical bone mechanical properties are rapidly and reversibly modulated by osteocytes in response to physiological challenge. These data point to a hitherto unappreciated role for osteocytes in modulating and maintaining local bone mechanical properties. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Kaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelena Basta-Pljakic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert J Majeska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Bromage
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Basic Science, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susannah P Fritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell B Schaffler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Burke M, Craxton M, Kolstad CD, Onda C, Allcott H, Baker E, Barrage L, Carson R, Gillingham K, Graff-Zivin J, Greenstone M, Hallegatte S, Hanemann WM, Heal G, Hsiang S, Jones B, Kelly DL, Kopp R, Kotchen M, Mendelsohn R, Meng K, Metcalf G, Moreno-Cruz J, Pindyck R, Rose S, Rudik I, Stock J, Tol RSJ. CLIMATE ECONOMICS. Opportunities for advances in climate change economics. Science 2016; 352:292-3. [PMID: 27081055 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Burke
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Craxton
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - C Onda
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Allcott
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Baker
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - L Barrage
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Carson
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G Heal
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Hsiang
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Jones
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - D L Kelly
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - R Kopp
- Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - K Meng
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - R Pindyck
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Rose
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - I Rudik
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J Stock
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R S J Tol
- University of Sussex, Falmer, UK, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Pyatski Y, Zhang Q, Mendelsohn R, Flach CR. Effects of permeation enhancers on flufenamic acid delivery in Ex vivo human skin by confocal Raman microscopy. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:319-28. [PMID: 27063850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
For effective topical delivery, a drug must cross the stratum corneum (SC) barrier into viable tissue. The use of permeation enhancers is a widespread approach for barrier modification. In the current study, flufenamic acid (FluA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is a model agent for investigating the influence of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic enhancers. In separate experiments, FluA in octanol or propylene glycol/ethanol (75/25) is applied to the SC for varying times followed by confocal Raman microscopic mapping of drug and enhancer penetration and spatial distribution. Deuterated versions of the enhancers permit us to spectroscopically distinguish the exogenous chemicals from the endogenous SC lipids without affecting penetration parameters. The FluA pathway is tracked by the CC stretching mode at ∼1618cm(-1). Discrete, small inclusions of both enhancers are observed throughout the SC. High concentrations of FluA are co-localized with octanol domains which appear to provide a pathway to the viable epidermis for the drug. In contrast, FluA concentrates in the upper SC when using the hydrophilic agent and endogenous lipids appear unperturbed in regions outside the enhancer pockets. The ability to examine perturbations to endogenous ultrastructure and molecular structure in skin while tracking penetration pathways provides insight into delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Pyatski
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Carol R Flach
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
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16
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Patel MA, Luo F, Khoshi MR, Rabie E, Zhang Q, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, Szostak M, He H. P-Doped Porous Carbon as Metal Free Catalysts for Selective Aerobic Oxidation with an Unexpected Mechanism. ACS Nano 2016; 10:2305-2315. [PMID: 26751165 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An extremely simple and rapid (seconds) approach is reported to directly synthesize gram quantities of P-doped graphitic porous carbon materials with controlled P bond configuration. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the P-doped carbon materials can be used as a selective metal free catalyst for aerobic oxidation reactions. The work function of P-doped carbon materials, its connectivity to the P bond configuration, and the correlation with its catalytic efficiency are studied and established. In direct contrast to N-doped graphene, the P-doped carbon materials with higher work function show high activity in catalytic aerobic oxidation. The selectivity trend for the electron donating and withdrawing properties of the functional groups attached to the aromatic ring of benzyl alcohols is also different from other metal free carbon based catalysts. A unique catalytic mechanism is demonstrated, which differs from both GO and N-doped graphene obtained by high temperature nitrification. The unique and unexpected catalytic pathway endows the P-doped materials with not only good catalytic efficiency but also recyclability. This, combined with a rapid, energy saving approach that permits fabrication on a large scale, suggests that the P-doped porous materials are promising materials for "green catalysis" due to their higher theoretical surface area, sustainability, environmental friendliness, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehulkumar A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Feixiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - M Reza Khoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Emann Rabie
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Eric Garfunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Huixin He
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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17
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Hu F, Patel M, Luo F, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, He H, Szostak M. Graphene-Catalyzed Direct Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reactions: Mechanism, Selectivity, and Synthetic Utility. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14473-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mehulkumar Patel
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Feixiang Luo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor
Rd, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Carol Flach
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Eric Garfunkel
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor
Rd, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Huixin He
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department
of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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18
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Mendelsohn R, Rabie E, Walters RM, Flach CR. Fatty Acid Chain Length Dependence of Phase Separation Kinetics in Stratum Corneum Models by IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9740-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mendelsohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Emann Rabie
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Russel M. Walters
- Johnson
and Johnson
Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview
Road, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, United States
| | - Carol R. Flach
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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19
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Patel M, Feng W, Savaram K, Khoshi MR, Huang R, Sun J, Rabie E, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, He H. Microwave Enabled One-Pot, One-Step Fabrication and Nitrogen Doping of Holey Graphene Oxide for Catalytic Applications. Small 2015; 11:3358-68. [PMID: 25683019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of a holey graphene sheet, referred to as a graphene sheet with nanoholes in its basal plane, lead to wide range of applications that cannot be achieved by its nonporous counterpart. However, the large-scale solution-based production requires graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) as the starting materials, which take hours to days for fabrication. Here, an unexpected discovery that GO with or without holes can be controllably, directly, and rapidly (tens of seconds) fabricated from graphite powder via a one-step-one-pot microwave assisted reaction with a production yield of 120 wt% of graphite is reported. Furthermore, a fast and low temperature approach is developed for simultaneous nitrogen (N) doping and reduction of GO sheets. The N-doped holey rGO sheets demonstrate remarkable electrocatalytic capabilities for the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction. The existence of the nanoholes provides a "short cut" for efficient mass transport and dramatically increases edges and surface area, therefore, creates more catalytic centers. The capability of rapid fabrication and N-doping as well as reduction of holey GO can lead to development of an efficient catalyst that can replace previous coin metals for energy generation and storage, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehulkumar Patel
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Wenchun Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Keerthi Savaram
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - M Reza Khoshi
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ruiming Huang
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Emann Rabie
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Carol Flach
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Eric Garfunkel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Huixin He
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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20
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Zhang Q, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Mao G, Pappas A, Mack MC, Walters RM, Southall MD. Topically applied ceramide accumulates in skin glyphs. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:329-37. [PMID: 26170709 PMCID: PMC4493983 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s83857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides (CERs), structural components of the stratum corneum (SC), impart essential barrier properties to this thin outer layer of the epidermis. Variations in CER species within this layer have been linked to several skin diseases. A recent proliferation of CER-containing topical skin-care products warrants the elucidation of CER penetration profiles in both healthy and diseased skin. In the current study, the spatial distributions of CER concentration profiles, following topical application of two species of CER, were tracked using infrared imaging. Suspensions of single-chain perdeuterated sphingosine and phytosphingosine CER in oleic acid were applied, in separate experiments, to the surface of healthy intact ex vivo human skin using Franz diffusion cells. Following either a 24- or 48-hour incubation period at 34°C, infrared images were acquired from microtomed skin sections. Both CER species accumulated in glyph regions of the skin and penetrated into the SC, to a limited extent, only in these regions. The concentration profiles observed herein were independent of the CER species and incubation time utilized in the study. As a result, a very heterogeneous, sparse, spatial distribution of CERs in the SC was revealed. In contrast, oleic acid was found to be fairly homogeneously distributed throughout the SC and viable epidermis, albeit at lower concentrations in the latter. A more uniform, lateral distribution of CERs in the SC would likely be important for barrier efficacy or enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Carol R Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Guangru Mao
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., Skillman, NJ, USA
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21
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Gamsjaeger S, Mendelsohn R, Boskey AL, Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Klaushofer K, Paschalis EP. Vibrational spectroscopic imaging for the evaluation of matrix and mineral chemistry. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2014; 12:454-64. [PMID: 25240579 PMCID: PMC4638121 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-014-0238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases manifesting fragility fractures (such as osteoporosis) are routinely diagnosed based on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and the effect of various therapies also evaluated based on the same outcome. Although useful, it is well recognized that this metric does not fully account for either fracture incidence or the effect of various therapies on fracture incidence, thus, the emergence of bone quality as a contributing factor in the determination of bone strength. Infrared and Raman vibrational spectroscopic techniques are particularly well-suited for the determination of bone quality as they provide quantitative and qualitative information of the mineral and organic matrix bone components, simultaneously. Through the use of microspectroscopic techniques, this information is available in a spatially resolved manner, thus, the outcomes may be easily correlated with outcomes from techniques such as histology, histomorphometry, and nanoindentation, linking metabolic status with material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital, of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical, Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - K. Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital, of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical, Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. P. Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital, of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical, Department, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria,
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22
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Mack Correa MC, Mao G, Saad P, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Walters RM. Molecular interactions of plant oil components with stratum corneum lipids correlate with clinical measures of skin barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:39-44. [PMID: 24372651 PMCID: PMC4068283 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived oils consisting of triglycerides and small amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) are commonly used in skincare regimens. FFAs are known to disrupt skin barrier function. The objective of this study was to mechanistically study the effects of FFAs, triglycerides and their mixtures on skin barrier function. The effects of oleic acid (OA), glyceryl trioleate (GT) and OA/GT mixtures on skin barrier were assessed in vivo through measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and fluorescein dye penetration before and after a single application. OA's effects on stratum corneum (SC) lipid order in vivo were measured with infrared spectroscopy through application of perdeuterated OA (OA-d34 ). Studies of the interaction of OA and GT with skin lipids included imaging the distribution of OA-d34 and GT ex vivo with IR microspectroscopy and thermodynamic analysis of mixtures in aqueous monolayers. The oil mixtures increased both TEWL and fluorescein penetration 24 h after a single application in an OA dose-dependent manner, with the highest increase from treatment with pure OA. OA-d34 penetrated into skin and disordered SC lipids. Furthermore, the ex vivo IR imaging studies showed that OA-d34 permeated to the dermal/epidermal junction while GT remained in the SC. The monolayer experiments showed preferential interspecies interactions between OA and SC lipids, while the mixing between GT and SC lipids was not thermodynamically preferred. The FFA component of plant oils may disrupt skin barrier function. The affinity between plant oil components and SC lipids likely determines the extent of their penetration and clinically measurable effects on skin barrier functions.
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23
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Zhang Q, Saad P, Mao G, Walters RM, Mack Correa MC, Mendelsohn R, Flach CR. Infrared spectroscopic imaging tracks lateral distribution in human stratum corneum. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2762-73. [PMID: 24792828 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the efficacy of infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging for evaluation of lateral diffusion in stratum corneum (SC) and for elucidation of intermolecular interactions between exogenous agents and SC constituents. METHODS In separate experiments, acyl chain perdeuterated oleic acid (OA-d) and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d) were applied to the surface of isolated human SC. The lateral distribution of permeant concentrations was monitored using the time-dependence of IR images. Diffusion coefficients (D) were estimated from Fick's second law. Interactions between the exogenous agents and the SC were tracked from changes in CD2 and Amide I stretching frequencies. RESULTS Networked glyphs served as the major pathway for lateral distribution of OA-d. In glyph-poor regions, D values from 0.3-1 × 10(-8) cm(2)/s bracketed the OA-d data and apparently decreased with time. Although diffusion of DMSO-d is relatively fast compared to our experimental measurement time, the results suggest values of ~10(-7) cm(2)/s. OA-d spectral changes suggest penetration into the ordered lipids of the SC; DMSO-d penetration results in perturbation of SC keratin structure. CONCLUSIONS IR imaging provides concentration profiles, diffusion coefficients, and unique molecular level information about structural changes in the endogenous SC constituents and exogenous agents upon their mutual interaction. Transport along glyphs is the dominant mode of distribution for OA-d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey, 07102, USA
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24
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Mendelsohn R, Selevany I, Moore DJ, Mack Correa MC, Mao G, Walters RM, Flach CR. Kinetic Evidence Suggests Spinodal Phase Separation in Stratum Corneum Models by IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4378-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jp501003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mendelsohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Ibrahim Selevany
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - David J. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - M. Catherine Mack Correa
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, United States
| | - Guangru Mao
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, United States
| | - Russel M. Walters
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, United States
| | - Carol R. Flach
- Department
of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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25
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Mendelsohn R, Selevany I, Mao G, Mack Correa MC, Walters RM, Moore DJ, Flach CR. Kinetic Mechanism of Phase Separation in Stratum Corneum Models by IR Spectroscopy. Biophys J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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26
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Patel MA, Yang H, Chiu PL, Mastrogiovanni DDT, Flach CR, Savaram K, Gomez L, Hemnarine A, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, Jiang H, He H. Direct production of graphene nanosheets for near infrared photoacoustic imaging. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8147-8157. [PMID: 24001023 DOI: 10.1021/nn403429v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hummers method is commonly used for the fabrication of graphene oxide (GO) from graphite particles. The oxidation process also leads to the cutting of graphene sheets into small pieces. From a thermodynamic perspective, it seems improbable that the aggressive, somewhat random oxidative cutting process could directly result in graphene nanosheets without destroying the intrinsic π-conjugated structures and the associated exotic properties of graphene. In Hummers method, both KMnO4 and NO2(+) (nitronium ions) in concentrated H2SO4 solutions act as oxidants via different oxidation mechanisms. From both experimental observations and theoretical calculations, it appears that KMnO4 plays a major role in the observed oxidative cutting and unzipping processes. We find that KMnO4 also limits nitronium oxidative etching of graphene basal planes, therefore slowing down graphene fracturing processes for nanosheet fabrication. By intentionally excluding KMnO4 and exploiting pure nitronium ion oxidation, aided by the unique thermal and kinetic effects induced by microwave heating, we find that graphite particles can be converted into graphene nanosheets with their π-conjugated aromatic structures and properties largely retained. Without the need of any postreduction processes to remove the high concentration of oxygenated groups that results from Hummers GO formation, the graphene nanosheets as-fabricated exhibit strong absorption, which is nearly wavelength-independent in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions, an optical property typical for intrinsic graphene sheets. For the first time, we demonstrate that strong photoacoustic signals can be generated from these graphene nanosheets with NIR excitation. The photo-to-acoustic conversion is weakly dependent on the wavelength of the NIR excitation, which is different from all other NIR photoacoustic contrast agents previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehulkumar A Patel
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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27
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Yu G, Zhang G, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. Vibrational spectroscopy and microscopic imaging: novel approaches for comparing barrier physical properties in native and human skin equivalents. J Biomed Opt 2013; 18:061207. [PMID: 23165761 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.6.061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy and imaging have been used to compare barrier properties in human skin, porcine skin, and two human skin equivalents, Epiderm 200X with an enhanced barrier and Epiderm 200 with a normal barrier. Three structural characterizations were performed. First, chain packing and conformational order were compared in isolated human stratum corneum (SC), isolated porcine SC, and in the Epiderm 200X surface layers. The infrared (IR) spectrum of isolated human SC revealed a large proportion of orthorhombically packed lipid chains at physiological temperatures along with a thermotropic phase transition to a state with hexagonally packed chains. In contrast, the lipid phase at physiological temperatures in both porcine SC and in Epiderm 200X, although dominated by conformationally ordered chains, lacked significant levels of orthorhombic subcell packing. Second, confocal Raman imaging of cholesterol bands showed extensive formation of cholesterol-enriched pockets within the human skin equivalents (HSEs). Finally, IR imaging tracked lipid barrier dimensions as well as the spatial disposition of ordered lipids in human SC and Epiderm 200X. These approaches provide a useful set of experiments for exploring structural differences between excised human skin and HSEs, which in turn may provide a rationale for the functional differences observed among these preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Rutgers University, Department of Chemistry, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
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28
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Spevak L, Flach CR, Hunter T, Mendelsohn R, Boskey A. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging parameters describing acid phosphate substitution in biologic hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:418-28. [PMID: 23380987 PMCID: PMC3631290 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid phosphate substitution into mineralized tissues is an important determinant of their mechanical properties and their response to treatment. This study identifies and validates Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging (FTIRI) spectral parameters that provide information on the acid phosphate (HPO4) substitution into hydroxyapatite in developing mineralized tissues. Curve fitting and Fourier self-deconvolution were used to identify subband positions in model compounds (with and without HPO4). The intensity of subbands at 1127 and 1110 cm(-1) correlated with the acid phosphate content in these models. Peak height ratios of these subbands to the ν3 vibration at 1096 cm(-1) found in stoichiometric apatite were evaluated in the model compounds and mixtures thereof. FTIRI spectra of bones and teeth at different developmental ages were analyzed using these spectral parameters. Factor analysis (a chemometric technique) was also conducted on the tissue samples and resulted in factor loadings with spectral features corresponding to the HPO4 vibrations described above. Images of both factor correlation coefficients and the peak height ratios 1127/1096 and 1112/1096 cm(-1) demonstrated higher acid phosphate content in younger vs. more mature regions in the same specimen. Maps of the distribution of acid phosphate content will be useful for characterizing the extent of new bone formation, the areas of potential decreased strength, and the effects of therapies such as those used in metabolic bone diseases (osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease) on mineral composition. Because of the wider range of values obtained with the 1127/1096 cm(-1) parameter compared to the 1110/1096 cm(-1) parameter and the smaller scatter in the slope, it is suggested that this ratio should be the parameter of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Spevak
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Mao G, VanWyck D, Xiao X, Mack Correa MC, Gunn E, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Walters RM. Oleic acid disorders stratum corneum lipids in Langmuir monolayers. Langmuir 2013; 29:4857-4865. [PMID: 23517601 DOI: 10.1021/la4002384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is well-known to affect the function of the skin barrier. In this study, the molecular interactions between OA and model stratum corneum (SC) lipids consisting of ceramide, cholesterol, and palmitic acid (PA) were investigated with Langmuir monolayer and associated techniques. Mixtures with different OA/SC lipid compositions were spread at the air/water interface, and the phase behavior was tracked with surface pressure-molecular area (π-A) isotherms. With increasing OA levels in the monolayer, the films became more fluid and more compressible. The thermodynamic parameters derived from π-A isotherms indicated that there are preferential interactions between OA and SC lipids and that films of their mixtures were thermodynamically stable. The domain structure and lipid conformational order of the monolayers were studied through Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), respectively. Results indicate that lower concentrations of OA preferentially mix with and disorder the ceramide-enriched domains, followed by perturbation of the PA-enriched domains and disruption of SC lipid domain separation at higher OA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangru Mao
- Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Incorporated , 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, New Jersey 08558, United States.
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Mao G, VanWyck D, Xiao X, Gunn E, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Walters RM. Effects of Oleic Acid on Stratum Corneum Lipids in Langmuir Monolayers. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Yu G, Stojadinovic O, Tomic-Canic M, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. Infrared microscopic imaging of cutaneous wound healing: lipid conformation in the migrating epithelial tongue. J Biomed Opt 2012; 17:96009-1. [PMID: 23085910 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.9.096009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infrared microscopic imaging has been utilized to analyze for the first time the spatial distribution of lipid structure in an ex vivo human organ culture skin wound healing model. Infrared images were collected at zero, two, four, and six days following wounding. Analysis of lipid infrared spectral properties revealed the presence of a lipid class with disordered chains within and in the vicinity of the migrating epithelial tongue. The presence of lipid ester C=O bands colocalized with the disordered chains provided evidence for the presence of carbonyl-containing lipid species. Gene array data complemented the biophysical studies and provided a biological rationale for the generation of the disordered chain species. This is the first clear observation, to our knowledge, of disordered lipid involvement in cutaneous wound healing. Several possibilities are discussed for the biological relevance of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu
- Rutgers University, Newark College of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Mao G, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Walters RM. Imaging the distribution of sodium dodecyl sulfate in skin by confocal Raman and infrared microspectroscopy. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2189-201. [PMID: 22477073 PMCID: PMC3399083 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To image SDS distribution across different skin regions, to compare the permeability difference between porcine and human skin, and to evaluate the interaction between SDS and skin. Methods Full thickness porcine and human skin was treated with acyl chain perdeuterated SDS (SDS-d25) at room temperature and at 34 °C for 3, 24 and 40 h. SDS distribution in skin was monitored by confocal Raman and IR microspectroscopic imaging. Permeation profiles of SDS-d25 in skin were derived from the band intensities of the CD2 stretching vibrations. The interaction between SDS and skin was monitored through the CH2 and CD2 stretching frequencies and the Amide I and II spectral region. Results SDS-d25 penetrates both porcine and human skin in a time and temperature-dependent manner, with slightly higher permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) in porcine skin. When SDS permeates into the SC, its chains are more ordered compared to SDS micelles. The secondary structure of keratin in the SC is not affected by SDS-d25. Conclusion The spatial distribution of SDS-d25 in skin was obtained for the first time. Infrared microscopic imaging provides unique opportunities to measure concentration profiles of exogenous materials in skin and offers insights to interaction between permeants and skin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11095-012-0748-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mao
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Rd., Skillman, New Jersey 08558-9418, USA.
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Chiu PL, Mastrogiovanni DDT, Wei D, Louis C, Jeong M, Yu G, Saad P, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R, Garfunkel E, He H. Microwave- and nitronium ion-enabled rapid and direct production of highly conductive low-oxygen graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5850-6. [PMID: 22385480 DOI: 10.1021/ja210725p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently the preferred method for large-scale production of solution-processable graphene is via a nonconductive graphene oxide (GO) pathway, which uncontrollably cuts sheets into small pieces and/or introduces nanometer-sized holes in the basal plane. These structural changes significantly decrease some of graphene's remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. Here, we report an unprecedented fast and scalable approach to avoid these problems and directly produce large, highly conductive graphene sheets. This approach intentionally excludes KMnO(4) from Hummers' methods and exploits aromatic oxidation by nitronium ions combined with the unique properties of microwave heating. This combination promotes rapid and simultaneous oxidation of multiple non-neighboring carbon atoms across an entire graphene sheet, thereby producing only a minimum concentration of oxygen moieties sufficient to enable the separation of graphene sheets. Thus, separated graphene sheets, which are referred to as microwave-enabled low-oxygen graphene, are thermally stable and highly conductive without requiring further reduction. Even in the absence of polymeric or surfactant stabilizers, concentrated dispersions of graphene with clean and well-separated graphene sheets can be obtained in both aqueous and organic solvents. This rapid and scalable approach produces high-quality graphene sheets of low oxygen content, enabling a broad spectrum of applications via low-cost solution processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Lam Chiu
- Chemistry Department, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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35
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Valenzuela LM, Zhang G, Flach C, Murthy S, Mendelsohn R, Michniak-Kohn B, Kohn J. Multiscale analysis of water uptake and erosion in biodegradable polyarylates. Polym Degrad Stab 2012; 97:410-420. [PMID: 22368310 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of hydration in degradation and erosion of materials, especially biomaterials used in scaffolds and implants, was investigated by studying the distribution of water at length scales from 0.1 nm to 0.1 mm using Raman spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), Raman confocal imaging, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements were demonstrated using L-tyrosine derived polyarylates. Bound- and free- water were characterized using their respective signatures in the Raman spectra. In the presence of deuterium oxide (D(2)O), H-D exchange occurred at the amide carbonyl but was not detected at the ester carbonyl. Water appeared to be present in the polymer even in regions where there was little evidence for N-H to N-D exchange. SANS showed that water is not uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The distribution of water can be described as mass fractals in polymers with low water content (~5 wt%), and surface fractals in polymers with larger water content (15 to 60 wt%). These fluctuations in the density of water distribution are presumed to be the precursors of the ~ 20 μm water pockets seen by Raman confocal imaging, and also give rise to 10-50 μm porous network seen in SEM. The surfaces of these polymers appeared to resist erosion while the core of the films continued to erode to form a porous structure. This could be due to differences in either the density of the polymer or the solvent environment in the bulk vs. the surface, or a combination of these two factors. There was no correlation between the rate of degradation and the amount of water uptake in these polymers, and this suggests that it is the bound-water and not the total amount of water that contributes to hydrolytic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto M Valenzuela
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Saad P, Flach CR, Walters RM, Mendelsohn R. Infrared spectroscopic studies of sodium dodecyl sulphate permeation and interaction with stratum corneum lipids in skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 34:36-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2011.00678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone strength depends on both bone quantity and quality. The former is routinely estimated in clinical settings through bone mineral density measurements but not the latter. Bone quality encompasses the structural and material properties of bone. Although its importance is appreciated, its contribution in determining bone strength has been difficult to precisely quantify partly because it is multifactorial and requires investigation of all bone hierarchical levels. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides one way to explore these levels. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The purposes of our review were to (1) provide a brief overview of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a way to establish bone quality, (2) review the major bone material parameters determined from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and (3) review the role of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic analysis in establishing bone quality. METHODS We used the ISI Web of Knowledge database initially to identify articles containing the Boolean term "infrared" AND "bone." We then focused on articles on infrared spectroscopy in bone-related journals. RESULTS Infrared spectroscopy provides information on bone material properties. Their microspectroscopic versions allow one to establish these properties as a function of anatomic location, mineralization extent, and bone metabolic activity. It provides answers pertaining to the contribution of mineral to matrix ratio, mineral maturity, mineral carbonate substitution, and collagen crosslinks to bone strength. Alterations of bone material properties have been identified in disease (especially osteoporosis) not attainable by other techniques. CONCLUSIONS Infrared spectroscopic analysis is a powerful tool for establishing the important material properties contributing to bone strength and thus has helped better understand changes in fragile bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios P. Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of WGKK (Viennese Sickness Insurance Funds), and AUVA (Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks) Trauma Centre Meidling, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
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Zhang Q, Andrew Chan KL, Zhang G, Gillece T, Senak L, Moore DJ, Mendelsohn R, Flach CR. Raman microspectroscopic and dynamic vapor sorption characterization of hydration in collagen and dermal tissue. Biopolymers 2011; 95:607-15. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang Q, Chan KA, Zhang G, Gillece T, Senak L, Moore DJ, Mendelsohn R, Flach CR. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy of Collagen Hydration: from Human Type I Collagen to Dermal Tissue. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Taraschi T, Mendelsohn R. Lipid-protein interaction in the glycophorin-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine system: Raman spectroscopic investigation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 77:2362-6. [PMID: 16592811 PMCID: PMC349397 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.5.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectra have been recorded as a function of temperature for lipid-protein complexes of glycophorin isolated from erythrocyte membranes reconstituted with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and its chain perdeuterated analogue ([(2)H(62)]DPPC). The conformation of the phospholipid hydrocarbon chains in the vicinity of protein is drastically altered from that in pure lipid dispersions. Analysis of the chain C-(2)H stretching vibrations for complexes of [(2)H(62)]-DPPC-glycophorin shows that at lipid:protein mole ratios of 125:1, a broad melting event occurs that is not observable by calorimetric techniques. The midpoint occurs at temperatures about 15 degrees C below that of the gel/liquid crystal phase transition for [(2)H(62)]DPPC in multilamellar dispersions. The same number of gauche rotamers form in the phospholipid hydrocarbon chains during the melting process as in the phase transition of the unperturbed molecule. Analysis of the C-H stretching region of the Raman spectrum in DPPC-glycophorin complexes indicates that lateral interactions between phospholipid chains in the complex are reduced so that interchain vibrational coupling is minimized. The observed differences between the Raman melting curves and the calorimetric endothermic transitions arise because different populations of phospholipid molecules are sampled in the two experiments. The advantages of Raman spectroscopy for the study of lipid-protein interaction are demonstrated in the current work. Implications for the structure of the lipid in the immediate vicinity of membrane protein are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taraschi
- Department of Chemistry, Olson Laboratories, Newark College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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Mendelsohn R, Dluhy RA, Cameron DG, Mantsch HH. Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of the Interaction between Glycophorin and Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. Biophys J 2010; 37:83-4. [PMID: 19431515 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(82)84611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Seaton BA, Crouch EC, McCormack FX, Head JF, Hartshorn KL, Mendelsohn R. Review: Structural determinants of pattern recognition by lung collectins. Innate Immun 2010; 16:143-50. [PMID: 20423923 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910368716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense roles for the lung collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), were first suspected in the 1980s when molecular characterization revealed their sequence homology to the acute phase reactant of serum, mannose-binding lectin. Surfactant protein A and SP-D have since been shown to play diverse and important roles in innate immunity and pulmonary homeostasis. Their location in surfactant ideally positions them to interact with air-space pathogens. Despite extensive structural similarity, the two proteins show many functional differences and considerable divergence in their interactions with microbial surface components, surfactant lipids, and other ligands. Recent crystallographic studies have provided many new insights relating to these observed differences. Although both proteins can participate in calcium-dependent interactions with sugars and other polyols, they display significant differences in the spatial orientation, charge, and hydrophobicity of their binding surfaces. Surfactant protein D appears particularly adapted to interactions with complex carbohydrates and anionic phospholipids, such as phosphatidylinositol. By contrast, SP-A shows features consistent with its preference for lipid ligands, including lipid A and the major surfactant lipid, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Current research suggests that structural biology approaches will help to elucidate the molecular basis of pulmonary collectin-ligand recognition and facilitate development of new therapeutics based upon SP-A and SP-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Seaton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA.
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43
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Mostafavi D, Zhang G, Mendelsohn R, Chu DS. Descemet's Membrane Detachment Caused by the Improper Injection of Sodium Hyaluronate. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2010; 41:1-3. [PMID: 20337303 DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20100215-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A case of a Descemet's membrane detachment (DMD) caused by the inadvertent intracorneal injection of sodium hyaluronate was presented. This was concluded after chemical analysis of a viscous substance found in a patient's cornea showed to be a breakdown product of sodium hyaluronate. Surgical correction of the detachment included removing the viscous substance and tamponading the detachment with an air bubble. Although other gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) provide longer means of tamponade, they have increased postoperative risks like glaucoma associated with their use. Air can provide an effective means of tamponade with minimal postoperative risks.
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Mendelsohn R, Mao G, Flach CR. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy: principles and applications to lipid-protein interaction in Langmuir films. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1798:788-800. [PMID: 20004639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) of lipid/protein monolayer films in situ at the air/water interface provides unique molecular structure and orientation information from the film constituents. The technique is thus well suited for studies of lipid/protein interaction in a physiologically relevant environment. Initially, the nature of the IRRAS experiment is described and the molecular structure information that may be obtained is recapitulated. Subsequently, several types of applications, including the determination of lipid chain conformation and tilt as well as elucidation of protein secondary structure are reviewed. The current article attempts to provide the reader with an understanding of the current capabilities of IRRAS instrumentation and the type of results that have been achieved to date from IRRAS studies of lipids, proteins, and lipid/protein films of progressively increasing complexity. Finally, possible extensions of the technology are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Saad P, Moore D, Moore DJ, Flach E, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. Quantitative IR Spectroscopy Studies of Changes in Lipid Dynamics and Organization in Isolated Stratum Corneum Exposed to Basic pH. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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46
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Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Burket JC, Havill LM, DiCarlo E, Doty SB, Mendelsohn R, van der Meulen MCH, Boskey AL. Spatial variation in osteonal bone properties relative to tissue and animal age. J Bone Miner Res 2009; 24:1271-81. [PMID: 19210217 PMCID: PMC2697626 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.090201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about osteonal bone mineral and matrix properties, although these properties are of major importance for the understanding of bone alterations related to age and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. During aging, bone undergoes modifications that compromise their structural integrity as shown clinically by the increase of fracture incidence with age. Based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis from baboons between 0 and 32 yr of age, consistent systematic variations in bone properties as a function of tissue age are reported within osteons. The patterns observed were independent of animal age and positively correlated with bone tissue elastic behavior measured by nano-indentation. As long as tissue age is expressed as a percentage of the entire osteon radius, osteonal analyses can be used to characterize disease changes independent of the size of the osteon. These mineral and matrix analyses can be used to explain bone fragility. The mineral content (mineral-to-matrix ratio) was correlated with the animal age in both old (interstitial) and newly formed bone tissue, showing for the first time that age-related changes in BMC can be explain by an alteration in the mineralization process itself and not only by an imbalance in the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gourion-Arsiquaud
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jayme C. Burket
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lorena M. Havill
- Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Edward DiCarlo
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B. Doty
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Research Division, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Andrew Chan KL, Zhang G, Tomic-Canic M, Stojadinovic O, Lee B, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. A coordinated approach to cutaneous wound healing: vibrational microscopy and molecular biology. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 12:2145-54. [PMID: 19145704 PMCID: PMC4506178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of cutaneous wounds in the adult body involves a complex series of spatially and temporally organized processes to prevent infection and restore homeostasis. Three characteristic phases of wound repair (inflammation, proliferation including re-epithelialization and remodelling) overlap in time and space. We have utilized a human skin wound-healing model to correlate changes in genotype and pheno-type with infrared (IR) and confocal Raman spectroscopic images during the re-epithelialization of excisional wounds. The experimental protocols validated as IR images clearly delineate the keratin-rich migrating epithelial tongue from the collagen-rich wound bed. Multivariate statistical analysis of IR datasets acquired 6 days post-wounding reveal subtle spectral differences that map to distinct spatial distributions, which are correlated with immunofluorescent staining patterns of different keratin types. Images computed within collagen-rich regions expose complementary spatial patterns and identify elastin in the wound bed. The temporal sequence of events is explored through a comparison of gene array analysis with confocal Raman microscopy. Our approach demonstrates the feasibility of acquiring detailed molecular structure information from the various proteins and their subclasses involved in the wound-healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Andrew Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, UK
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Taratula O, Galoppini E, Mendelsohn R, Reyes PI, Zhang Z, Duan Z, Zhong J, Lu Y. Stepwise functionalization of ZnO nanotips with DNA. Langmuir 2009; 25:2107-2113. [PMID: 19199718 DOI: 10.1021/la8026946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A surface functionalization methodology for the development of ZnO nanotips biosensors that can be integrated with microelectronics was developed. Two types of long chain carboxylic acids linkers were employed for the functionalization of 0.5 mum thick MOCVD-grown ZnO nanotip films with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), followed by hybridization with complementary ssDNA tagged with fluorescein. The ZnO functionalization strategy was developed for the fabrication of ZnO nanotips-linker-biomolecule films integrated with bulk acoustic wave (BAW) biosensors, and it involved three main steps. First, 16-(2-pyridyldithiol)hexadecanoic acid or N-(15-carboxypentadecanoyloxy)succinimide, both bifunctional C16 carboxylic acids, were bound to ZnO nanotip films through the COOH group, leaving at the opposite end of the alkyl chain a thiol group protected as a 2-pyridyl disulfide, or a carboxylic group protected as a N-succinimide, respectively. In the second step, ssDNA was covalently linked to each type of ZnO-linker film: the 2-pyridyl disulfide end group was substituted with 16 bases 5'-thiol-modified DNA (SH-ssDNA), and the N-succinimide ester end group was substituted with 16 bases 5'-amino-modified DNA (NH(2)-ssDNA). In the third step, the DNA-functionalized ZnO nanotip films were hybridized with complementary 5'-fluorescein ssDNA. The surface-modified ZnO nanotip films were characterized after each step by FT-IR-ATR, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. This functionalization approach allows sequential reactions on the surface and, in principle, can be extended to numerous other molecules and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Taratula
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Mao G, Wang L, Brauner JW, McCormack FX, Crouch E, Seaton B, Head J, Smith K, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. IRRAS Studies of the Host Defense Effect of Pulmonary Surfactants SP-A and SP-D. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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50
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Wang L, Brauner JW, Mao G, Crouch E, Seaton B, Head J, Smith K, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. Interaction of recombinant surfactant protein D with lipopolysaccharide: conformation and orientation of bound protein by IRRAS and simulations. Biochemistry 2008; 47:8103-13. [PMID: 18620419 DOI: 10.1021/bi800626h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective innate host defense requires early recognition of pathogens. Surfactant protein D (SP-D), shown to play a role in host defense, binds to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of Gram-negative bacterial membranes. Binding takes place via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-D. Recombinant trimeric neck+CRDs (NCRD) have proven valuable in biophysical studies of specific interactions. Although X-ray crystallography has provided atomic level information on NCRD binding to carbohydrates and other ligands, molecular level information about interactions between SP-D and biological ligands under physiologically relevant conditions is lacking. Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) provides molecular structure information from films at the air/water interface where protein adsorption to LPS monolayers serves as a model for protein-lipid interaction. In the current studies, we examine the adsorption of NCRDs to Rd 1 LPS monolayers using surface pressure measurements and IRRAS. Measurements of surface pressure, Amide I band intensities, and LPS acyl chain conformational ordering, along with the introduction of EDTA, permit discrimination of Ca (2+)-mediated binding from nonspecific protein adsorption. The findings support the concept of specific binding between the CRD and heptoses in the core region of LPS. In addition, a novel simulation method that accurately predicts the IR Amide I contour from X-ray coordinates of NCRD SP-D is applied and coupled to quantitative IRRAS equations providing information on protein orientation. Marked differences in orientation are found when the NCRD binds to LPS compared to nonspecific adsorption. The geometry suggests that all three CRDs are simultaneously bound to LPS under conditions that support the Ca (2+)-mediated interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Newark College of Arts and Science, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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