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Whitehorne TJJ, Muirhead C, Thomson SN, Li H, Carson R, Boniface H, Suppiah S. Study of Electrolyzer Materials at High Tritium Concentrations. Fusion Science and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2020.1842681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Muirhead
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. N. Thomson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - H. Li
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - R. Carson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - H. Boniface
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. Suppiah
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
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Marciniak A, Mo Y, Ma J, Abel J, Carson R. A32 IMPACT OF DISEASE SEVERITY ON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PATIENTS WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME WITH DIARRHEA. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Marciniak
- Former employee of Allergan plc, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Y Mo
- Allergan plc, Bridgewater, NJ
| | - J Ma
- Allergan plc, Bridgewater, NJ
| | - J Abel
- Allergan plc, Jersey City, NJ
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Muirhead C, Li H, Pilatzke K, Byers M, Carson R, Boniface H, Suppiah S. Decontamination of Proton Exchange Membranes After Tritium Exposure. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2017.1290974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Muirhead
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - H. Li
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - K. Pilatzke
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - M. Byers
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - R. Carson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - H. Boniface
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - S. Suppiah
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
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Burke M, Craxton M, Kolstad CD, Onda C, Allcott H, Baker E, Barrage L, Carson R, Gillingham K, Graff-Zivin J, Greenstone M, Hallegatte S, Hanemann WM, Heal G, Hsiang S, Jones B, Kelly DL, Kopp R, Kotchen M, Mendelsohn R, Meng K, Metcalf G, Moreno-Cruz J, Pindyck R, Rose S, Rudik I, Stock J, Tol RSJ. CLIMATE ECONOMICS. Opportunities for advances in climate change economics. Science 2016; 352:292-3. [PMID: 27081055 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Burke
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Craxton
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - C Onda
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Allcott
- New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Baker
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - L Barrage
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Carson
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - G Heal
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Hsiang
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - B Jones
- Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - D L Kelly
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - R Kopp
- Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - K Meng
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | - R Pindyck
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Rose
- Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - I Rudik
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J Stock
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R S J Tol
- University of Sussex, Falmer, UK, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Thomson SN, Carson R, Ratnayake A, Muirhead C, Li H, Castillo I, Boniface H, Suppiah S, Robinson J. Characterization of Commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Materials after Exposure to Beta and Gamma Radiation. Fusion Science and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-t50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Thomson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. Carson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Ratnayake
- Tyne Engineering Inc., Burlington, L7L 5V1, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Muirhead
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. Li
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. Castillo
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. Boniface
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Suppiah
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, K0J1J0, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Robinson
- Tyne Engineering Inc., Burlington, L7L 5V1, Ontario, Canada
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Kelada O, Decker R, Zheng M, Huang Y, Xia Y, Gallezot J, Liu C, Rockwell S, Carson R, Oelfke U, Carlson D. WE-G-BRD-06: Variation in Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia in Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Davids MR, Marais N, Jacobs J, Cohen E, Krause I, Goldberg E, Garty M, Krause I, Dursun B, Sahan Y, Tanriverdi H, Rota S, Uslu S, Senol H, Minutolo R, Gabbai FB, Agarwal R, Chiodini P, Borrelli S, Stanzione G, Nappi F, Bellizzi V, Conte G, De Nicola L, Van De Walle J, Johnson S, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Ardissino G, Ariceta G, Beauchamp J, Cohen D, Greenbaum LA, Ogawa M, Schaefer F, Licht C, Scalzotto E, Nalesso F, Zaglia T, Corradi V, Neri M, Martino F, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Mongillo M, Ronco C, Chinnappa S, Mooney A, El Nahas AM, Tu YK, Tan LB, Jung JY, Kim AJ, Ro H, Lee C, Chang JH, Lee HH, Chung W, Clarke AL, Young HM, Hull KL, Hudson N, Burton JO, Smith AC, Marx S, Petrilla A, Filipovic I, Lee WC, Meijers B, Poesen R, Storr M, Claes K, Kuypers D, Evenepoel P, Aukland M, Clarke AL, Hull KL, Burton JO, Smith AC, Betriu A, Martinez-Alonso M, Arcidiacono MV, Cannata-Andia J, Pascual J, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez-Giraldez E, Kingswood JC, Zonnenberg B, Sauter M, Zakar G, Biro B, Besenczi B, Varga A, Pekacs P, Pizzini P, Pisano A, Leonardis D, Panuccio V, Cutrupi S, Tripepi G, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Arnold J, Baharani J, Rayner H, So BH, Blackwell S, Jardine AG, Macgregor MS, Cunha C, Barreto P, Pereira S, Ventura A, Mota M, Seabra J, Sakaguchi T, Kobayashi S, Yano T, Yoshimoto W, Bancu I, Bonal Bastons J, Cleries Escayola M, Vela Vallespin E, Bustins Poblet M, Magem Luque D, Pastor Fabregas M, Chen JH, Chen SC, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Ahbap E, Kara E, Basturk T, Sahutoglu T, Koc Y, Sakaci T, Sevinc M, Akgol C, Ozagari AA, Unsal A, Minami S, Hesaka A, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Sakai S, Fujimoto T, Sasaki K, Fujita Y, Yokoyama K, Marks A, Fluck N, Prescott G, Robertson L, Smith WC, Black C, Ohsawa M, Fujioka T, Omori S, Isurugi T, Tanno K, Onoda T, Omama S, Ishibashi Y, Makita S, Okayama A, Garland JS, Simpson CS, Metangi MF, Parfrey B, Johri AM, Sloan L, McAuley J, Cunningham R, Mullan R, Quinn M, Harron C, Chiu H, Murphy-Burke D, Werb R, Jung B, Chan-Yan C, Duncan J, Forzley B, Lowry R, Hargrove G, Carson R, Levin A, Karim M, Reznik EV, Storozhakov GIV, Rollino C, Troiano M, Bagatella M, Liuzzo C, Quarello F, Roccatello D, Blaslov K, Bulum T, Prka In I, Duvnjak L, Heleniak Z, Ciepli ska M, Szychli ski T, Pryczkowska M, Bartosi ska E, Wiatr H, Kot owska H, Tylicki L, Rutkowski B, Song YR, Kim SGK, Kim HJ, Noh JW, Tong A, Jesudason S, Craig JC, Winkelmayer WC, Hung PH, Huang YT, Hsiao CY, Sung PS, Guo HR, Tsai KJ, Wu CC, Su SL, Kao SY, Lu KC, Lin YF, Lin WH, Lee HM, Cheng MF, Wang WM, Yang LY, Wang MC, Vukovic Lela I, Sekoranja M, Poljicanin T, Karanovic S, Abramovic M, Matijevic V, Stipancic Z, Leko N, Cvitkovic A, Dika Z, Kos J, Laganovic M, Grollman AP, Jelakovic B, Dryl-Rydzynska T, Prystacki T, Malyszko J, Trifiro G, Sultana J, Giorgianni F, Ingrasciotta Y, Muscianisi M, Tari DU, Perrotta M, Buemi M, Canale V, Arcoraci V, Santoro D, Rizzo M, Iheanacho I, Van Nooten FE, Goldsmith D, Grandtnerova B, Berat ova Z, ErvenOva M, cErven J, Markech M, tefanikova A, Engelen W, Elseviers M, Gheuens E, Colson C, Muyshondt I, Daelemans R. CKD GENERAL AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Carroll D, Carson R, Van Schaeybroeck S, Johnston PG. Targeting mutant BRAF in colorectal cancer. BMC Proc 2013. [PMCID: PMC3582887 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-7-s1-o8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Pearl PL, Gibson KM, Quezado Z, Dustin I, Taylor J, Trzcinski S, Schreiber J, Forester K, Reeves-Tyer P, Liew C, Shamim S, Herscovitch P, Carson R, Butman J, Jakobs C, Theodore W. Decreased GABA-A binding on FMZ-PET in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Neurology 2009; 73:423-9. [PMID: 19667317 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b163a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of GABA metabolism characterized by elevated levels of GABA and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Clinical findings include intellectual impairment, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, hallucinations, autistic behaviors, and seizures. Autoradiographic labeling and slice electrophysiology studies in the murine model demonstrate use-dependent downregulation of GABA(A) receptors. We studied GABA(A) receptor activity in human SSADH deficiency utilizing [(11)C]-flumazenil (FMZ)-PET. METHODS FMZ binding was measured in 7 patients, 10 unaffected parents, and 8 healthy controls. Data analysis was performed using a reference region compartmental model, with time-activity curve from pons as the input function. Relative parametric binding potential (BP(ND)) was derived, with MRI-based pixel by pixel partial volume correction, in regions of interest drawn on coregistered MRI. RESULTS In amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellar vermis, frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex, patients with SSADH deficiency had significant reductions in FMZ BP(ND) compared to parents and controls. Mean cortical values were 6.96 +/- 0.79 (controls), 6.89 +/- 0.71 (parents), and 4.88 +/- 0.77 (patients) (F ratio 16.1; p < 0.001). There were no differences between controls and parents in any cortical region. CONCLUSIONS Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficient patients show widespread reduction in BZPR binding on [(11)C]-flumazenil-PET. Our results suggest that high endogenous brain GABA levels in SSADH deficiency downregulate GABA(A)-BZPR binding site availability. This finding suggests a potential mechanism for neurologic dysfunction in a serious neurodevelopmental disorder, and suggests that PET may be useful to translate studies in animal models to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Pearl
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA.
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Adhikari S, Shostrom V, Carson R. 180: Epidemiology of Elevated Blood Pressure in Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lee JM, Carson R, Arce C, Mahajan M, Lobst S. Development of a minimally invasive epidermal abrasion device for clinical skin sampling and its applications in molecular biology. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31:27-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Segal S, Glatstein I, Pang S, Go K, Carson R, Ezcurra R. Comparison of outcomes between controlled ovarian stimulation with GnRH-agonist vs GnRH-antagonist for in vitro fertilization cycles in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Todd S, McKnight AJ, Liu WW, Carson R, Heggarty S, McGuinness B, Irvine GB, Craig D, Passmore AP, Johnston JA. BACE1 Polymorphisms Do Not Influence Platelet Membrane β-secretase Activity or Genetic Susceptibility for Alzheimer’s Disease in the Northern Irish Population. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:368-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carlson PJ, Bain E, Tinsley R, Nugent A, Carson R, Luckenbaugh D, Kling M, Gold P, Remaley A, Drevets W. Relationship between serotonin-1A binding and HPA axis in subjects with major depression and healthy controls. Neuroimage 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Carson R, Craig D, McGuinness B, Johnston JA, O'Neill FA, Passmore AP, Ritchie CW. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. J Med Genet 2007; 45:244-8. [PMID: 18057084 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common disabling disease of complex aetiology for which there are limited therapeutic options. We sought to investigate the role of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7) in influencing risk of AD in a large population. CHRNA7 is a strong candidate gene for AD for several reasons: (1) its expression is altered differentially in the AD brain; (2) it interacts directly with beta amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)); and (3) agonist activation induces several neuroprotective pathways. METHODS In this study we used a genetic haplotype approach to assess the contribution of common variation at the CHRNA7 locus to risk of AD. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 764 AD patients and 314 controls. RESULTS Three blocks of high linkage disequilibrium (LD) and low haplotype diversity were identified. The block 1 TCC haplotype was significantly associated with reduced odds of AD (p = 0.001) and was independent of apolipoprotein E (APOE) status. Individual SNPs were not associated with risk for AD. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that genetic variation in CHRNA7 influences susceptibility to AD. These results provide support for the development of alpha7nAChR agonists or modulators as potential drug treatments for AD. Further work is necessary to replicate the findings in other populations.
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Lu H, Pollack E, Young R, Babb JS, Johnson G, Zagzag D, Carson R, Jensen JH, Helpern JA, Law M. Predicting grade of cerebral glioma using vascular-space occupancy MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 29:373-8. [PMID: 17974612 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging can measure tissue perfusion and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. We hypothesize that a combined measure of cerebral blood volume and vascular permeability using vascular-space occupancy (VASO) MR imaging, a recently developed imaging technique, is of diagnostic value for predicting tumor grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients (9 World Health Organization [WHO] grade II, 20 grade III, and 10 grade IV as determined by histopathologic assessment) were examined using VASO MR imaging, and regions-of-interest analysis was performed in tumoral regions, as well as in regions contralateral to the tumor. A Mann-Whitney test was conducted on the resulting VASO indices for a pairwise comparison across tumor grades. Nominal logistic regression was used to evaluate the use of VASO parameters for predicting group membership (by the percentage of correct classifications). RESULTS The ratio between tumor side and contralateral side, VASO(Ratio), showed significant differences in all 3 of the pairwise comparisons (P < .01). VASO values in the tumoral regions, VASO(Tumor), showed significant difference between grade II and III and between II and IV but not between III and IV. Both VASO(Tumor) and VASO(Ratio) were found to be significant predictors of tumor grade, giving diagnostic accuracies of 66.7% and 71.8%, respectively. When testing to discriminate grade II tumors from higher grade tumors, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were found to be 0.974 and 0.985 for VASO(Tumor) and VASO(Ratio), respectively. CONCLUSION VASO MR imaging can be used for noninvasive tumor grade prediction based on cerebral blood volume and vascular permeability. VASO is more effective in separating WHO grade II from higher grades than in separating grade III from grade IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lu
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Gauvrit JY, Law M, Xu J, Carson R, Sunenshine P, Chen Q. Time-resolved MR angiography: optimal parallel imaging method. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:835-8. [PMID: 17494652 PMCID: PMC8134333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Time-resolved (TR) MR angiography (MRA) using parallel imaging techniques is proving to have clinical utility for improving MRA spatial and temporal resolution and separating arterial from venous anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate TR MRA of the intracranial vessels at different integrated parallel acquisition technique (IPAT) factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D TR MRA using time-resolved echo-shared angiographic technique was performed with different IPAT factors (0, 2, 3) at 1.5 T, resulting in temporal resolutions of 4.0, 1.7, and 1.3 seconds, respectively. We studied 14 subjects, comprising 12 patients with various pathologic conditions and 2 healthy subjects. The brain volume was covered by 36 partitions, and a bolus of 5 mL of gadopentate dimeglumine was administered. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the number of frames that distinguished between arterial and venous phases, the conspicuity of the vasculature, and artifacts were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in SNR between IPAT factors 0 and 2. Moreover, SNR was significantly lower with IPAT 3 than with IPAT 0 or 2. Smaller vessel segments (M3 and P3) were rated significantly inferior with TR MRA IPAT 2 or 3 compared with MRA without IPAT. For larger proximal vessels (A1 and A2 segments of anterior cerebral artery, M1 and M2 segments of middle cerebral artery, P2 segment of posterior cerebral artery, and basilar artery), there was no difference between TR MRA IPAT 0 and 2. CONCLUSION To obtain arterial and venous information in a clinical setting, intracranial TR MRA is best performed with an IPAT factor of 2 with at least 5 mL of contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Gauvrit
- Department of Neuroradiology, EA 2691, Salengro Hospital, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France.
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Pritchett Y, McCarberg B, Watkin J, Chappell A, Robinson M, Xu J, Rotz B, Wernicke J, Detke M, Iyengar S, Henck J, Bymaster F, Callaghan J, Knadler M, Thase M, Meratee M, Chung J, Schweitzer J, Byrnes K, Stoica B, Giovanni S, Biase A, Knoblach S, Hoffman E, Faden A, Michaeli S, Sorce D, Öz G, Ugurbil K, Garwood M, Tuite P, Jett D, Deberdt W, Csernansky J, Buckley P, Peiskens J, Lipkovich I, Kollack-Walter S, Houston J, Zhang Y, Liu-Siefert H, Buckley PF, Csernansky JG, Peuskens J, Kollack-Walker S, Houston JP, Rotelli M, Theodore W, Giovacchini G, Bagic A, Herscovitch P, Carson R, Herholz K, Weisenbach S, Hilker R, Heiss W, Nahab F, Hallett M, El-Khodor B, Edgar N, Chen A, Heyes MP, Jiang Q, Ahmed S, Pedersen R, Musgnung J, Entsuah R, Nordberg A, Masdeu J, Gerhard A, Ebmeier K, Pappata S, Perani D, Laere K, Halldin C, Salmon E, Knudsen G, Robins S, Fehlings M, Baptiste D, Skolnick BE, Davis SM, Bran NC, Mathew SE, Mayer SA, Kaminski RM, Marini H, Ortinski PI, Yonekawa W, Vicini S, Rogawski MA, Gasior M, Tang R, White N. Abstracts from the ASENT 2006 Annual Meeting March 8–11, 2006. NeuroRx 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurx.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Carlson P, Bain E, Tinsley R, Nugent A, Carson R, Luckenbaugh D, Alesci S, Kling M, Gold P, Drevets W. Serotonin-1A receptor binding in depression: Correlates with interleukin-6 and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Neuroimage 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.04.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Segal S, Glatstein I, McShane P, Hotamisligil S, Ezcurra D, Carson R. IVF Outcome Following Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation With Gonadotropin and GnRH-Antagonist in Patients With Different Infertility Etiologies. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McShane P, Ezcurra D, Carson R. Adding Morphologically Inferior Embryos to One or More Superior Embryos in ART Patients: Are We Improving Pregnancy Outcome? Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Givens M, Carson R, Riddell K, Stringfellow D, Waldrop J, Whitley E, Kasinathan P, Sullivan E. 35 PRODUCTION OF CLONED MINIATURE CALVES USING CYTOPLASTS FROM COWS OF STANDARD SIZE. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv17n2ab35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetically similar cattle for use in research or teaching can be produced with chromatin transfer technology (Sullivan et al. 2004 Biol. Reprod. 70, 146–153). Miniature cattle can provide advantageous biotechnological models for teaching and study of human and animal diseases. Miniature cattle are approximately one fourth the size of standard cattle and, therefore, represent a potentially less expensive, safer, and more easily managed animal model. Our limited attempts to reproduce miniature cattle via in vivo and in vitro production of embryos resulted in poor response to superovulation and logistical challenges in recovering embryos or oocytes due to the small size of the animals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of embryos derived by chromatin transfer from fibroblasts of a miniature cow and cytoplasts from cows of standard size to produce viable offspring after transfer into recipient cows of standard size. The donor of somatic cells was a heifer that weighed 7.7 kg at birth. Chromatin transfer resulted in 19% (82/428) blastocyst formation. A total of 66 cloned blastocysts (65 excellent/good quality, 1 fair quality) were transferred into 26 synchronized recipients. While ultrasound revealed 13 pregnancies prior to 67 days of gestation, only 4 pregnancies of 5 fetuses were maintained beyond 100 days. Parturition was induced with dexamethasone and prostaglandin on Day 286 of gestation. One singleton (12.3 kg) and a set of twins (10.2 and 11.1 kg) were healthy at birth and normal at 1 week of age. Two fully developed singletons, weighing 21.4 and 13.6 kg, died in utero. The latter fetus exhibited a fixed dorsolateral deviation of the neck that complicated delivery despite a caudal obstetrical presentation. No abnormalities were noted in the size or structure of any placenta. Our results indicate that healthy miniature calves can be gestated by recipient cows of standard size after transfer of embryos derived by chromatin transfer. Unfortunately, the fetal wastage, fetal anomalies, and stillbirths observed with standard sized cattle also may occur.
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Segal S, Glatstein I, McShane P, Hotamisligil S, Ezcurra D, Carson R. Premature luteinization in GnRH-antagonist cycles in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and IVF outcome. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hotamisligil S, Carson R, Ezcurra D, Pang S. Paternal age and outcome in egg donation cycles. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hotamisligil S, Carson R, Pang S. Serum hCG concentrations in autologous and egg donation IVF cycles. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Larson K, Haglund L, Carson R. Use of Crit-Line Delta H Access Blood Flow in a Vascular Access Management Program to Decrease Episodes of Thrombosis and Increase URR. Hemodial Int 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1492-7535.2004.0085i.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krieger N, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Soobader MJ, Subramanian SV, Carson R. Choosing area based socioeconomic measures to monitor social inequalities in low birth weight and childhood lead poisoning: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (US). J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57:186-99. [PMID: 12594195 PMCID: PMC1732402 DOI: 10.1136/jech.57.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES : To determine which area based socioeconomic measures can meaningfully be used, at which level of geography, to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in childhood health in the US. DESIGN Cross sectional analysis of birth certificate and childhood lead poisoning registry data, geocoded and linked to diverse area based socioeconomic measures that were generated at three geographical levels: census tract, block group, and ZIP code. SETTING Two US states: Massachusetts (1990 population=6,016,425) and Rhode Island (1990 population=1,003,464). PARTICIPANTS All births born to mothers ages 15 to 55 years old who were residents of either Massachusetts (1989-1991; n=267,311) or Rhode Island (1987-1993; n=96 138), and all children ages 1 to 5 years residing in Rhode Island who were screened for lead levels between 1994 and 1996 (n=62,514 children, restricted to first test during the study period). MAIN RESULTS Analyses of both the birth weight and lead data indicated that: (a) block group and tract socioeconomic measures performed similarly within and across both states, while ZIP code level measures tended to detect smaller effects; (b) measures pertaining to economic poverty detected stronger gradients than measures of education, occupation, and wealth; (c) results were similar for categories generated by quintiles and by a priori categorical cut off points; and (d) the area based socioeconomic measures yielded estimates of effect equal to or augmenting those detected, respectively, by individual level educational data for birth outcomes and by the area based housing measure recommended by the US government for monitoring childhood lead poisoning. CONCLUSIONS Census tract or block group area based socioeconomic measures of economic deprivation could be meaningfully used in conjunction with US public health surveillance systems to enable or enhance monitoring of social inequalities in health in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Krieger
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Robertson D, Flattem N, Tellioglu T, Carson R, Garland E, Shannon JR, Jordan J, Jacob G, Blakely RD, Biaggioni I. Familial orthostatic tachycardia due to norepinephrine transporter deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 940:527-43. [PMID: 11458707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Orthostatic intolerance (OI) or postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a syndrome primarily affecting young females, and is characterized by lightheadedness, palpitations, fatigue, altered mentation, and syncope primarily occurring with upright posture and being relieved by lying down. There is typically tachycardia and raised plasma norepinephrine levels on upright posture, but little or no orthostatic hypotension. The pathophysiology of OI is believed to be very heterogeneous. Most studies of the syndrome have focused on abnormalities in norepinephrine release. Here the hypothesis that abnormal norepinephrine transporter (NET) function might contribute to the pathophysiology in some patients with OI was tested. In a proband with significant orthostatic symptoms and tachycardia, disproportionately elevated plasma norepinephrine with standing, impaired systemic, and local clearance of infused tritiated norepinephrine, impaired tyramine responsiveness, and a dissociation between stimulated plasma norepinephrine and DHPG elevation were found. Studies of NET gene structure in the proband revealed a coding mutation that converts a highly conserved transmembrane domain Ala residue to Pro. Analysis of the protein produced by the mutant cDNA in transfected cells demonstrated greater than 98% reduction in activity relative to normal. NE, DHPG/NE, and heart rate correlated with the mutant allele in this family. CONCLUSION These results represent the first identification of a specific genetic defect in OI and the first disease linked to a coding alteration in a Na+/Cl(-)-dependent neurotransmitter transporter. Identification of this mechanism may facilitate our understanding of genetic causes of OI and lead to the development of more effective therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robertson
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, AA3228 MCN, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2195, USA.
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Robertson D, Shannon JR, Biaggioni I, Ertl AC, Diedrich A, Carson R, Furlan R, Jacob G, Jordan J. Orthostatic intolerance and the postural tachycardia syndrome: genetic and environment pathophysiologies. Neurolab Autonomic Team. Pflugers Arch 2001; 441:R48-51. [PMID: 11200979 DOI: 10.1007/s004240000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance is a common problem for inbound space travelers. There is usually tachycardia on standing but blood pressure may be normal, low or, rarely, elevated. This condition is analogous to the orthostatic intolerance that occurs on Earth in individuals with orthostatic tachycardia, palpitations, mitral valve prolapse, and light-headedness. Our studies during the Neurolab mission indicated that sympathetic nerve traffic is raised in microgravity and that plasma norepinephrine is higher than baseline supine levels but lower than baseline upright levels. A subgroup of patients with familial orthostatic intolerance differ from inbound space travelers in that they have an alanine-to-to-proline mutation at amino acid position 457 in their norepinephrine transporter gene. This leads to poor clearance of norepinephrine from synapses, with consequent raised heart rate. Clinical features of these syndromes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robertson
- Center for Space Physiology and Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2195, USA.
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de Vries JW, Repping S, Oates R, Carson R, Leschot NJ, van der Veen F. Absence of deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) genes in spermatozoa of infertile men with somatic DAZ deletions. Fertil Steril 2001; 75:476-9. [PMID: 11239526 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the presence or absence of the deleted in azoospermia (DAZ) gene clusters in the Y-bearing spermatozoa in semen of severely oligozoospermic men or in testicular biopsy samples of azoospermic men with somatic DAZ deletions. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Academic hospital. PATIENT(S) Nineteen patients attending our clinics for therapeutic intracytoplasmic injection of sperm. INTERVENTION(S) Peripheral blood lymphocytes were used to obtain somatic DNA for analysis using the polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of chromosomes X and Y and the detection of the DAZ gene clusters were carried out with the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique in spermatozoa remaining after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Presence or absence of the DAZ gene clusters in matched somatic DNA and Y-bearing spermatozoa. RESULT(S) Seven patients appeared to have a somatic DAZ deletion. Three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that all Y-bearing spermatozoa examined from these men carried the same deletion. CONCLUSION(S) The DAZ deletions present in the seven men would all have been transmitted if they had fathered sons through artificial fertilization techniques using the sperm cells examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W de Vries
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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McCallum T, Milunsky J, Munarriz R, Carson R, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Oates R. Unilateral renal agenesis associated with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens: phenotypic findings and genetic considerations. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:282-8. [PMID: 11157821 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/16.2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD), normal renal anatomy and cystic fibrosis (CF) gene mutations is well established (CF/CBAVD). We postulate that unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and CBAVD (URA/CBAVD) may have a non-CF mutation-mediated genetic basis that leads to abnormal development of the entire mesonephric duct at a very early stage in embryo development (< or =7 weeks). The physical, laboratory and radiographic findings of men with URA/CBAVD (n = 17) and CF/CBAVD (n = 97) were compared; the fertilization and pregnancy rates in the URA/CBAVD population calculated, and the incidence of renal agenesis in immediate family members and offspring of men with URA/CBAVD analysed. No statistical differences could be identified within any of the above comparisons. The fertilization rate for the URA/CBAVD group was 58.2 +/- 26.3%. Eight infants and two fetuses had normal renal anatomy, while one terminated male fetus had bilateral renal and vasal agenesis. Thirty first-order relatives had normal renal units. Anatomical expression of the reproductive ductal derivatives in men with URA/CBAVD and CF/CBAVD was similar, but the phenotypic outcome of the renal portion of the mesonephric duct was different. The potential for transmission of this fatal anomaly reinforces the need for prenatal ultrasounds with all pregnancies involving URA/CBAVD men.
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Affiliation(s)
- T McCallum
- Department of Urology, and Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Carson R, Pang S, McShane P, Glatstein I, Fischer R, Tulchinsky D. Reduced Ovarian Response to Gonadotropins Is Associated with Extended Use of Oral Contraceptive Steroids. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shoaf SE, Carson R, Hommer D, Williams W, Higley JD, Schmall B, Herscovitch P, Eckelman W, Linnoila M. Brain serotonin synthesis rates in rhesus monkeys determined by [11C]alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan and positron emission tomography compared to CSF 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998; 19:345-53. [PMID: 9778657 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twelve male, fasted, anesthetized rhesus monkeys were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan (alpha MTP) to determine serotonin synthesis rates as described by Diksic et al. (1991). It was expected that the serotonin synthesis rates determined for the whole brain would be correlated with CSF 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations, a measure of central serotonin turnover, because both measures were obtained at steady state. However, no significant correlation was found. During data analysis, it was noticed that the calculated serotonin synthesis rates were significantly correlated to free plasma tryptophan (TP) concentrations (r = 0.88, p < .001). From repeat scans conducted in six monkeys, it was determined that day-to-day variability in free plasma TP and the percentage of protein binding (average percent difference was 48 and 37%, respectively) produced most of the variability in the calculated serotonin synthesis rates (50%); repeat K images, obtained from the PET data alone, differed by only 11%. Calculated serotonin synthesis rates reported for [11C]alpha MTP PET studies of humans (Nishizawa et al. 1997) and dogs (Diksic et al. 1991) were also highly correlated to reported differences in plasma free TP concentrations. It seems that the [11C]alpha MTP model for the computation of serotonin synthesis rates is very dependent on plasma free TP concentration and that it may not accurately determine actual serotonin synthesis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Shoaf
- Laboratory of Clinical Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Carson R. T cell receptor recognition of MHC class II-bound peptide flanking residues results in altered Vβ usage and profound functional dependency. Immunol Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(97)86864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Oates RD, Mulhall J, Burgess C, Cunningham D, Carson R. Fertilization and pregnancy using intentionally cryopreserved testicular tissue as the sperm source for intracytoplasmic sperm injection in 10 men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:734-9. [PMID: 9159434 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.4.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular tissue extraction (TESE) to obtain spermatozoa for use with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has recently been employed in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Standard protocol is to retrieve a new sample of testis tissue on the day of oocyte recovery. Unfortunately, approximately 30% of men will possess no spermatozoa in their tissue, making ICSI an impossibility. We investigated whether testicular tissue that was intentionally obtained well before any planned ICSI cycle and cryopreserved could then serve as an efficacious sperm source in a subsequent ICSI cycle. This study reports on 10 men with non-obstructive azoospermia who did have spermatozoa found within their testis tissue at the time of TESE and who chose to use their frozen samples as the source of spermatozoa for a later cycle of ICSI. In 19 cycles the overall fertilization rate was 48%. Embryo transfer occurred in 89% of cycles. Two couples have achieved pregnancy (one ongoing, one delivered). All patients except one had multiple vials of frozen tissue remaining following their first cycle. This approach is offered as an alternative to repeated testicular tissue sampling, as the availability of spermatozoa is assured prior to the initiation of ovulation induction. This tissue can be harvested at the same time as diagnostic biopsy, thereby minimizing the number of surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Oates
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
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Mulhall JP, Reijo R, Alagappan R, Brown L, Page D, Carson R, Oates RD. Azoospermic men with deletion of the DAZ gene cluster are capable of completing spermatogenesis: fertilization, normal embryonic development and pregnancy occur when retrieved testicular spermatozoa are used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:503-8. [PMID: 9130751 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.3.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some men with non-obstructive azoospermia harbour fully formed spermatozoa within their testicular tissue that can be used to achieve pregnancy via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Recently, Reijo et al. (1995) provided compelling evidence that the DAZ gene cluster is a strong candidate for one of the elusive azoospermia factors (AZF) located on the long arm of the Y chromosome. The DAZ gene cluster is deleted in 13% of azoospermic men and a small percentage of severely oligozoospermic men. Vertical transmission from father to son of AZF region deletions has also been described. Presumably these fathers were oligozoospermic. This led us to ask whether the azoospermic male with deletions of the AZF/DAZ region can also complete minimal spermatogenesis and whether any spermatozoa found could participate in fertilization, embryo development and pregnancy. Three out of six (50%) of the azoospermic men with AZF/DAZ deletions had spermatozoa identified within their harvested testicular tissue. When these spermatozoa were used for ICSI, fertilization occurred in 36% of injected oocytes. This compared favourably with testicular spermatozoa retrieved from non-obstructive azoospermic men without AZF/DAZ gene deletions. In one case, a twin conception resulted, which represents the first term pregnancy reported using spermatozoa from an AZF/DAZ deleted azoospermic male. Therefore it is necessary to take the possibility of transmission of infertility or sterility to our patients' offspring seriously when utilizing today's reproductive technologies, as spermatogenesis in men with AZF/DAZ deletions is by no means an exceptional occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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Mulhall JP, Burgess CM, Cunningham D, Carson R, Harris D, Oates RD. Presence of mature sperm in testicular parenchyma of men with nonobstructive azoospermia: prevalence and predictive factors. Urology 1997; 49:91-5; discussion 95-6. [PMID: 9000192 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hitherto, patients with testicular dysfunction and azoospermia had to resort to adoption, donor sperm insemination, or child-free living. The realization that a proportion of such men harbor spermatozoa in their testicular parenchyma, combined with the ability of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to effect pregnancy with single sperm, has prompted male infertility clinicians to explore testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in this patient population. We sought to investigate the likelihood of finding spermatozoa during TESE from men presenting with nonobstructive azoospermia and to define if any factors existed that were predictive of eventual sperm presence or absence. METHODS Thirty patients with nonobstructive azoospermia underwent TESE and simultaneous formal testis biopsy, cytologic analysis, and wet preparation analysis. Tissue obtained from TESE was analyzed according to a rigorous protocol, followed by exhaustive searching by trained embryologists. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (70%) had spermatozoa found on testicular tissue analysis. Neither patient age nor follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level was predictive of the ability to find sperm. With regard to histologic pattern, 50% of men with Sertoli cell-only, 75% of patients with maturation arrest, and 100% of patients with spermatids seen on histologic analysis had sperm retrieved from their testicular tissue during TESE. Absence of sperm on cytologic smear and wet preparation analysis failed to predict the presence of sperm on formal testicular tissue analysis in 40% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Men with nonobstructive azoospermia may have mature spermatozoa present within their testicular parenchyma. Relying on these data, patients should not be excluded from TESE based on serum FSH level, age, prior histopathologic pattern, or cytology/wet preparation results. These figures will allow clinicians to counsel patients with nonobstructive azoospermia informatively regarding TESE and their chances of having testicular sperm retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Mulhall
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
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Burgess C, Cunningham D, Ferland K, Matthews H, McShane P, Oates R, Carson R. P-222 Embryo development after intracytoplasmic injection of cryopreserved testicular sperm. Fertil Steril 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)91036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Carson R. The administration of analgesics. Mod Midwife 1996; 6:12-6. [PMID: 9052149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Maternal informed choice in the administration of analgesics is essential. 2. The placenta is not a barrier to the transfer of drugs to the fetus. 3. All analgesic and anaesthetic drugs are lipid soluble and will cross the placenta. 4. Fetal acidosis increases the accumulation of some drugs in the fetal compartment. 5. Reduced maternal blood flow to the placenta reduces the placental transfer of some drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton
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Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent neutrophil activator and chemotaxin that is present in increased concentrations in the colonic tissue and rectal dialysates of acute ulcerative colitis patients. Cotton-top tamarins (CTTs) with confirmed active colitis were treated with the second generation LTB4 receptor antagonist, SC-53228 ((+)-(S)-7-[3-(2-cyclopropyl-methyl)-3-methoxy-4-[(methylamino) carbonyl]phenoxy]propoxy]-3,4-dihydro-8-propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2- propanoic acid), 20 mg/kg bodyweight by gavage, twice daily for 56 days. End points were body weights, stool consistency, colonic endoscopy, assay of inflammatory mediators, and haematology and clinical chemistry tests. LTB4 and prostaglandin E (PGE) values were measured in rectal dialysates at pretreatment, 28 day and 56 day time points. LTB4 concentrations were reduced from pretreatment mean (SEM) values of 37.3 (0.8) ng/ml to 3.7 (0.8) ng/ml (p < 0.001) and 2.3 (0.5) ng/ml (p < 0.01) at days 28 and 56, respectively. On the other hand, mucosal protective PGE values remained constant or slightly increased during SC-53228 treatment (pre: 6.9 (2.2) ng/ml; day 28: 6.7 (1.4) ng/ml; day 56: 9.9 (1.6) ng/ml). Furthermore, assessment of a panel of 35 clinical chemistry and haematology parameters throughout the treatment showed there were no significant untoward effects of drug treatment. Six CCTs finished the eight week treatment and five of six gained weight (ranging from 27-121 grams each) while one CTT lost weight (50 g). Stool condition improved in five of six animals while one of six remained unchanged. All CCTs showed dramatic improvement histologically, with no or only minimally active colitis after treatment. The histological changes plus significant weight gains and improvement of stool condition (quality of life parameters) after eight weeks of SC-53228 treatment were remarkable. Furthermore, in follow up biopsies seven months after treatment ceased, three of six CTTs had no active colitis. This is the first time afflicted CTTs have not had recurring colitic exacerbations after a treatment regimen was stopped. It is concluded that in colitic CTTs, SC-53228 has shown both an immediate and a long acting anticolitic activity. It is also concluded that reduced LTB4 concentrations during treatment inhibited neutrophil infiltration of the colonic tissue and this, coupled with the maintenance of mucosal protective prostaglandins, contributed to the dramatic anticolitic efficacy. The treatment was safe over eight weeks. A compound such as SC-53228 may be useful in the medical treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fretland
- Inflammatory Diseases Research, Searle Research and Development, Skokie, IL 60077, USA
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Carter MM, Hollon SD, Carson R, Shelton RC. Effects of a safe person on induced distress following a biological challenge in panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Abnorm Psychol 1995. [PMID: 7897039 DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.104.1.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of having a safe person present on artificially induced anxiety following a biological challenge among panic-disordered patients. Anxiety symptoms were induced using a 5.5% CO2-inhalation procedure. Panic patients underwent the inhalation procedure either in the presence or absence of their safe person. Nonanxious controls underwent the procedure without a safe person. Panic patients exposed to CO2 without their safe person present reported greater distress, a greater number of catastrophic cognitions, and a greater level of physiological arousal than did panic patients exposed with their safe person. The latter group did not differ from controls on most measures at postexposure. The attenuation of self-reported anxiety and catastrophic cognitions is consistent with the safety-signal theory and the cognitive model of panic, respectively. The results, however, are inconsistent with a biological model of panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Carter
- Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, University at Albany, State University of New York
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Kahan BD, Dunn J, Fitts C, Van Buren D, Wombolt D, Pollak R, Carson R, Alexander JW, Choc M, Wong R. Reduced inter- and intrasubject variability in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients treated with a microemulsion formulation in conjunction with fasting, low-fat meals, or high-fat meals. Transplantation 1995; 59:505-11. [PMID: 7878754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This cross-over study compared the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from cyclosporine (CsA) concentration-time profiles after administration of the corn oil-based soft gel cap (CsA-GC) with those with the microemulsion (CsA-ME) gel cap. Neither the fasting state nor the coadministration of a low- or high-fat breakfast affected the pharmacokinetics of CsA presented in either formulation. Comparisons of the three sets of pharmacokinetic parameters--namely, after fasting or after low-fat or after high-fat diets--demonstrated the CsA-ME formulation to display greater intraindividual reproducibility of the C0 and C12 trough levels (TLs), Cmax, tmax, and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) than the CsA-GC formulation. Although the degree of interindividual variation in AUC, Cmax and tmax after CsA-ME administration was slightly, but significantly, less than after CsA-GC administration, there was no difference between the two formulations in terms of the customarily monitored C0 or C12 TL values. CsA-ME showed higher correlation coefficients of drug exposure (AUC) with C12 than CsA-GC (0.910 versus 0.712). However, CsA-ME administration resulted in only modest improvement over CsA-GC administration in the relationships between drug dose and C0, C12, or AUC--namely, 0.645 versus 0.496, 0.611 versus 0.517, and 0.700 versus 0.501, respectively. Correlation analysis between individual timed samples and AUC determinations revealed that CsA-ME requires significantly less frequent blood monitoring for prediction of total drug exposure than does CsA-GC. Although the clinical utility of this reproducible pharmacokinetic behavior remains to be demonstrated in the de novo transplant setting, the markedly reduced intraindividual variation produced by administration of CsA-ME will likely improve the accuracy of pretransplant prediction of, and reduce the frequency of subsequent adjustments in, CsA doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Kahan
- Division of Immunology and Organ Transplantation, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030
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Carter MM, Hollon SD, Carson R, Shelton RC. Effects of a safe person on induced distress following a biological challenge in panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Abnorm Psychol 1995; 104:156-63. [PMID: 7897039 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of having a safe person present on artificially induced anxiety following a biological challenge among panic-disordered patients. Anxiety symptoms were induced using a 5.5% CO2-inhalation procedure. Panic patients underwent the inhalation procedure either in the presence or absence of their safe person. Nonanxious controls underwent the procedure without a safe person. Panic patients exposed to CO2 without their safe person present reported greater distress, a greater number of catastrophic cognitions, and a greater level of physiological arousal than did panic patients exposed with their safe person. The latter group did not differ from controls on most measures at postexposure. The attenuation of self-reported anxiety and catastrophic cognitions is consistent with the safety-signal theory and the cognitive model of panic, respectively. The results, however, are inconsistent with a biological model of panic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Carter
- Center for Stress and Anxiety Disorders, University at Albany, State University of New York
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Kahan BD, Dunn J, Fitts C, Van Buren D, Wombolt D, Pollak R, Carson R, Alexander JW, Chang C, Choc M. The Neoral formulation: improved correlation between cyclosporine trough levels and exposure in stable renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:2940-3. [PMID: 7940928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B D Kahan
- University of Texas Medical School, Department of Surgery, Houston 77030
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Carson R. Reducing cumulative trauma disorders: use of proper workplace design. AAOHN J 1994; 42:270-6. [PMID: 8037829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
1. Cumulative trauma disorder can be reduced by applying four ergonomic approaches: applying anthropometric data, reducing the number of repetitions, reducing the force required, and eliminating awkward postures as much as possible. 2. Selecting the proper work surface height will help reduce fatigue, pain, and discomfort and will allow the employee to be at the right height in relation to the task. Ideally, an adjustable height work surface should be provided that will accommodate all potential users. 3. Prolonged standing and sitting are physically stressful to the body. However, by providing a well designed work area with the appropriate accessories, such as antifatigue mats, ergonomic chairs, and footrests, fatigue and discomfort can be minimized. 4. In addition to providing a properly designed work area, a successful ergonomics program should include training, administrative actions, and exercise programs.
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Abstract
This study investigated the adult adjustment of a statewide random sample of 737 young adults with learning disabilities, 59 labeled behaviorally disordered, and 142 labeled mentally disabled, all graduates of special education resource teacher programs. Results are reported in terms of (a) general status information, such as marital status and living arrangements; (b) information about those competitively employed, such as wages, hours worked per week, and percentage of living expenses paid; and (c) comparison of competitively employed versus unemployed individuals, in terms of high school vocational training and work experiences. Information is also provided on postsecondary education and overall "successful" adult adjustment. Data are compared across disability groups and across gender, where relevant.
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Carson R. Proper medical management can reduce cumulative trauma disorder incidence. Occup Health Saf 1993; 62:41-4. [PMID: 8290207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Carson R. Lifting weights. Occup Health Saf 1993; 62:36-8, 40-2, 44. [PMID: 8361716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As with engineering improvements, many administrative changes can reduce back injuries. The following administrative steps are recommended: Training for all employees. Increase awareness with posters and meetings. Notify suppliers of reduced weight limit. Job rotation for heavy lifting jobs. Proper maintenance and housekeeping. Use back belts when necessary. Some recommendations should enable employers to begin implementing changes immediately. Other suggestions will require time and money but are worth the investment.
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Carson R. Ergonomically designed chairs adjust to individual demands. Occup Health Saf 1993; 62:71-75. [PMID: 8327247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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