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Fu XT, Qie JB, Chen JF, Gao Z, Li XG, Feng SR, Dong EF, Shi YH, Tang Z, Liu WR, Zhang X, Huang A, Luo XM, Wu WX, Gao Q, Zhou J, Li T, Fan J, Ding ZB. Inhibition of SIRT1 relieves hepatocarcinogenesis via alleviating autophagy and inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134120. [PMID: 39074701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Imbalanced Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels may lead to liver diseases through abnormal regulation of autophagy, but the roles of SIRT1-regulated autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma are still controversial. In this study, we found that SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma, and high SIRT1 expression hinted an advanced stage and a poor prognosis. The differentially expressed proteins were significantly elevated in autophagy, cellular response to stress, and immune signaling pathways. In a thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, we found that SIRT1 expression was highly increased with increased autophagy and excessive macrophage inflammatory response. Next, we established a Hepa 1-6 cells and macrophage co-culture system in vitro to model the alteration of tumor microenvironment, and found that the medium from CCl4-treated or SIRT1-overexpressing Hepa 1-6 cells triggered the polarization of macrophage M1, and the culture medium derived from M1 macrophage promoted Hepa 1-6 cells growth and intracellular oxidative stress. The progression of liver fibrosis in the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model showed that inhibition of SIRT1 alleviated inflammatory response and ameliorated liver fibrosis. These findings suggest that SIRT1-regulated autophagy and inflammation are oncogenic in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tao Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bo Qie
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Feng Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Ru Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Fu Dong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Hong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Luo
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xun Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Bin Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Liver Surgery, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.
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2
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Kojja V, Rudraram V, Kancharla B, Siva H, Tangutur AD, Nayak PK. Identification of phytoestrogens as sirtuin inhibitor against breast cancer: Multitargeted approach. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108168. [PMID: 39127010 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite progress in diagnosis and treatment strategies, breast cancer remains a primary risk to female health as indicated by second most cancer-deaths globally caused by this cancer. High risk mutation is linked to prognosis of breast cancer. Due to high resistance of breast cancer against current therapies, there is necessity of novel treatment strategies. Sirtuins are signaling proteins belonging to histone deacetylase class III family, known to control several cellular processes. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be one of the approaches to treat breast cancer. Several plants synthesize phytoestrogens which exhibit structural and physiological similarities to estrogens and have been recognized to possess anticancer activity. In our study, we investigated several phytoestrogens for sirtuin inhibition by conducting molecular docking studies, and in-vitro studies against breast cancer cell lines. In molecular docking studies, we identified coumestrol possessing high binding energy with sirtuin proteins 1-3 as compared to other phytoestrogens. The molecular dynamic studies showed stable interaction of ligand and protein with higher affinity at sirtuin proteins 1-3 binding sites. In cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay using breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDAMB-231) coumestrol caused significant reduction in cell proliferation and number of colonies formed. Further, the flow cytometric analysis showed that coumestrol induces intracellular reactive oxygen species and the western blot analysis revealed reduction in the level of SIRT-1 expression in breast cancer cell lines. In conclusion, in-silico data and in-vitro studies suggest that the phytoestrogen coumestrol has sirtuin inhibitory activity against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Kojja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vanitha Rudraram
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Bhanukiran Kancharla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Hemalatha Siva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Prasanta Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Shehata AH, Anter AF, Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez S, Rn Ibrahim A, Kamel ES, Ahmed ASF. Pioglitazone ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy through SIRT1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112757. [PMID: 39067401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe immune response to an infection. It is associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODs) along with systemic and neuronal inflammatory response. This study focused on the acute neurologic dysfunction associated with sepsis by exploring the role of PPARγ/SIRT1 pathway against sepsis. We studied the role of this axis in ameliorating sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and its linked neurobehavioral disorders by using pioglitazone (PIO). This PPARγ agonist showed neuroprotective actions in neuroinflammatory disorders. Sepsis was induced in mice by LPS (10 mg/kg). Survival rate and MODs were assessed. Furthermore, behavioral deficits, cerebral oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, and the cerebral expression level of SIRT1 were determined. In this study, we observed that PIO attenuated sepsis-induced cerebral injury. PIO significantly enhanced survival rate, attenuated MODs, and systemic inflammatory response in septic mice. PIO also promoted cerebral SIRT1 expression and reduced cerebral activation of microglia, oxidative stress, HMGB, iNOS, NLRP3 and caspase-3 along with an obvious improvement in behavioral deficits and cerebral pathological damage induced by LPS. Most of the neuroprotective effects of PIO were abolished by EX-527, a SIRT1 inhibitor. These results highlight that the neuroprotective effect of PIO in SAE is mainly SIRT1-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aliaa F Anter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Rn Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
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Sun F, Wang J, Meng L, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Yang M, Li Y, Jiang T, Liu B, Yan H. AdipoRon promotes amyloid-β clearance through enhancing autophagy via nuclear GAPDH-induced sirtuin 1 activation in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:3039-3063. [PMID: 38679474 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is one of the more important pathological markers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The development of AD impairs autophagy, which results in an imbalanced clearance of Aβ. Our previous research demonstrated that AdipoRon, an agonist of adiponectin receptors, decreased the deposition of Aβ and enhanced cognitive function in AD. However, the exact mechanisms by which AdipoRon affects Aβ clearance remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied how AdipoRon affects autophagy in HT22 cells and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. We also investigated the signalling pathway involved and used pharmacological inhibitors to examine the role of autophagy in this process. KEY RESULTS AdipoRon promotes Aβ clearance by activating neuronal autophagy in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Interestingly, we found that AdipoRon induces the nuclear translocation of GAPDH, where it interacts with the SIRT1/DBC1 complex. This interaction then leads to the release of DBC1 and the activation of SIRT1, which in turn activates autophagy. Importantly, we found that inhibiting either GAPDH or SIRT1 to suppress the activity of SIRT1 counteracts the elevated autophagy and decreased Aβ deposition caused by AdipoRon. This suggests that SIRT1 plays a critical role in the effect of AdipoRon on autophagic induction in AD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS AdipoRon promotes the clearance of Aβ by enhancing autophagy through the AdipoR1/AMPK-dependent nuclear translocation of GAPDH and subsequent activation of SIRT1. This novel molecular pathway sheds light on the modulation of autophagy in AD and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Sun
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tianrui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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5
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Wu X, Yang L, Li Z, Gu C, Jin K, Luo A, Rasheed NF, Fiutak I, Chao K, Chen A, Mao J, Chen Q, Ding W, Shen S. Aging-associated decrease of PGC-1α promotes pain chronification. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14177. [PMID: 38760908 PMCID: PMC11320346 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is generally associated with declining somatosensory function, which seems at odds with the high prevalence of chronic pain in older people. This discrepancy is partly related to the high prevalence of degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis in older people. However, whether aging alters pain processing in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), and if so, whether it promotes pain chronification is largely unknown. Herein, we report that older mice displayed prolonged nociceptive behavior following nerve injury when compared with mature adult mice. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in S1 was decreased in older mice, whereas PGC-1α haploinsufficiency promoted prolonged nociceptive behavior after nerve injury. Both aging and PGC-1α haploinsufficiency led to abnormal S1 neural dynamics, revealed by intravital two-photon calcium imaging. Manipulating S1 neural dynamics affected nociceptive behavior after nerve injury: chemogenetic inhibition of S1 interneurons aggravated nociceptive behavior in naive mice; chemogenetic activation of S1 interneurons alleviated nociceptive behavior in older mice. More interestingly, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of PGC-1α in S1 interneurons ameliorated aging-associated chronification of nociceptive behavior as well as aging-related S1 neural dynamic changes. Taken together, our results showed that aging-associated decrease of PGC-1α promotes pain chronification, which might be harnessed to alleviate the burden of chronic pain in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Shanghai 10th HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Liuyue Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chenzheng Gu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kaiyan Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Kristina Chao
- Summer Intern ProgramMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy Chen
- Summer Intern ProgramMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jianren Mao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qian Chen
- Chinese Academy of SciencesZhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaShanghaiChina
| | - Weihua Ding
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shiqian Shen
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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6
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Parija M, Prakash S, Krishna BM, Dash S, Mishra SK. SIRT1 mediates breast cancer development and tumorigenesis controlled by estrogen-related receptor β. Breast Cancer 2024; 31:440-455. [PMID: 38421553 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-024-01555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is NAD + dependent and essential for metabolism, senescence, and cell survival. SIRT1 is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer. SIRT1 is a well-known target gene of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and is closely related to ER alpha deacetylation. Transcription factor Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) share sequence homology with ERs in the DNA-binding domain, therefore, the possibility of sharing target genes between them is high. Our current research aims to gain insight into the function of ERRβ in regulating the activity of SIRT1 during the progression of breast cancer. ER-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer cells and tissues had considerably enhanced SIRT1 expression. Six potential ERRE sites were identified by analysis of the 5' upstream region of SIRT1, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments supported their presence. We found SIRT1 to be up-regulated in ERRβ overexpressed ER + ve breast cancer cells. Furthermore, our findings suggested that ectopic production of ERR and PCAF would increase SIRT1 activity. Our findings also indicated that ectopic production of ERRβ and PCAF increased SIRT1 activity. With sufficient evidence demonstrating the substantial involvement of SIRT1 in cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation capability, we were also able to illustrate the tumorigenic role of SIRT1. Overall, our findings highlight SIRT1's tumorigenic influence on breast cancer and suggest that SIRT1 inhibitors might serve as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Parija
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Surya Prakash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sanghamitra Dash
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), 121001, India
| | - Sandip K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Lab, Gene Function and Regulation Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Nadankanan Road, Kalinga Hospital Cross, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India.
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7
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Krzysiak TC, Choi YJ, Kim YJ, Yang Y, DeHaven C, Thompson L, Ponticelli R, Mermigos MM, Thomas L, Marquez A, Sipula I, Kemper JK, Jurczak M, Thomas G, Gronenborn AM. Inhibitory protein-protein interactions of the SIRT1 deacetylase are choreographed by post-translational modification. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4938. [PMID: 38533551 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of SIRT1 activity is vital to energy homeostasis and plays important roles in many diseases. We previously showed that insulin triggers the epigenetic regulator DBC1 to prime SIRT1 for repression by the multifunctional trafficking protein PACS-2. Here, we show that liver DBC1/PACS-2 regulates the diurnal inhibition of SIRT1, which is critically important for insulin-dependent switch in fuel metabolism from fat to glucose oxidation. We present the x-ray structure of the DBC1 S1-like domain that binds SIRT1 and an NMR characterization of how the SIRT1 N-terminal region engages DBC1. This interaction is inhibited by acetylation of K112 of DBC1 and stimulated by the insulin-dependent phosphorylation of human SIRT1 at S162 and S172, catalyzed sequentially by CK2 and GSK3, resulting in the PACS-2-dependent inhibition of nuclear SIRT1 enzymatic activity and translocation of the deacetylase in the cytoplasm. Finally, we discuss how defects in the DBC1/PACS-2-controlled SIRT1 inhibitory pathway are associated with disease, including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy C Krzysiak
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - You-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher DeHaven
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lariah Thompson
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan Ponticelli
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mara M Mermigos
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Marquez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian Sipula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Ou L, Zhao X, Wu IJ, Yu Z, Xiong Z, Xia LC, Wang Y, Zhou G, Chen W. Molecular mechanism of NAD + and NMN binding to the Nudix homology domains of DBC1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130131. [PMID: 38354937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a human nuclear protein that modulates the activities of various proteins involved in cell survival and cancer progression. Oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is suggested to bind to the Nudix homology domains (NHDs) of DBC1, thereby regulating DBC1-Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) interactions, resulting in the restoration of DNA repair. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), we confirmed NAD+ and its precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) both bind the NHD domain of DBC1 (DBC1354-396). NAD+ likely interacts with DBC1354-396 through hydrogen bonding, with a binding affinity (8.99 μM) nearly twice that of NMN (17.0 μM), and the key binding sites are primarily residues E363 and D372, in the agreement with Molecular Docking experiments. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation further demonstrated E363 and D372's anchoring role in the binding process. Additional mutagenesis experiments of E363 and D372 confirmed their critical involvement of ligand-protein interactions. These findings lead to a better understanding of how NAD+ and NMN regulate DBC1, thereby offering insights for the development of targeted therapies and drug research focused on DBC1-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- Regenerative Bio Inc., Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ivy Jing Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B9, BC, Canada
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Li C Xia
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Regenerative Bio Inc., Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Kang JA, Kim YJ, Jang KY, Moon HW, Lee H, Lee S, Song HK, Cho SW, Yoo YS, Han HG, Kim MJ, Chung MJ, Choi CY, Lee C, Chung C, Hur GM, Kim YS, Jeon YJ. SIRT1 ISGylation accelerates tumor progression by unleashing SIRT1 from the inactive state to promote its deacetylase activity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:656-673. [PMID: 38443596 PMCID: PMC10985095 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ISG15 is an interferon-stimulated ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) with multifaceted roles as a posttranslational modifier in ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation). However, the mechanistic consequences of ISGylation in cancer have not been fully elucidated, largely due to a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 target repertoire. Here, we identified SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase, as a new target for ISGylation. SIRT1 ISGylation impairs the association of SIRT1 with its negative regulator, deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1), which unleashes SIRT1 from its inactive state and leads to an increase in its deacetylase activity. Importantly, SIRT1 ISGylation promoted lung cancer progression and limited lung cancer cell sensitivity to DNA damage-based therapeutics in vivo and in vitro models. The levels of ISG15 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. Accordingly, elevated expression of SIRT1 and ISG15 was associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients, a finding that could be translated for lung cancer patient stratification and disease outcome evaluation. Taken together, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the regulatory effect of SIRT1 ISGylation on tumor progression and therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji An Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ja Chung
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolju Lee
- Chemical & Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University, School of Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Sirtuins Affect Cancer Stem Cells via Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:386. [PMID: 38397988 PMCID: PMC10886574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are stress-responsive proteins that regulate several post-translational modifications, partly by acetylation, deacetylation, and affecting DNA methylation. As a result, they significantly regulate several cellular processes. In essence, they prolong lifespan and control the occurrence of spontaneous tumor growth. Members of the SIRT family have the ability to govern embryonic, hematopoietic, and other adult stem cells in certain tissues and cell types in distinct ways. Likewise, they can have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on cancer stem cells, contingent upon the specific tissue from which they originate. The impact of autophagy on cancer stem cells, which varies depending on the specific circumstances, is a very intricate phenomenon that has significant significance for clinical and therapeutic purposes. SIRTs exert an impact on the autophagy process, whereas autophagy reciprocally affects the activity of certain SIRTs. The mechanism behind this connection in cancer stem cells remains poorly understood. This review presents the latest findings that position SIRTs at the point where cancer cells and autophagy interact. Our objective is to highlight the various roles of distinct SIRTs in cancer stem cell-related functions through autophagy. This would demonstrate their significance in the genesis and recurrence of cancer and offer a more precise understanding of their treatment possibilities in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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11
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Lugano D, Barrett L, Westerheide SD, Kee Y. Multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins in the DNA damage response and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:59-65. [PMID: 38172598 PMCID: PMC10834508 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle apoptosis regulator (CCAR) family of proteins consists of two proteins, CCAR1 and CCAR2, that play a variety of roles in cellular physiology and pathology. These multidomain proteins are able to perform multiple interactions and functions, playing roles in processes such as stress responses, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. The evolutionary conservation of CCAR family proteins allows their study in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, where a role for CCAR in aging was revealed. This review particularly highlights the multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins and their implications in the DNA damage response and in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lugano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - L Barrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - S D Westerheide
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - Y Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno-Joongang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Liang N, He J, Yan J, Han X, Zhang X, Niu Y, Sha W, Li J. DBC1 maintains skeletal muscle integrity by enhancing myogenesis and preventing myofibre wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:255-269. [PMID: 38062876 PMCID: PMC10834312 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly ageing-related muscular atrophy such as sarcopenia, is a significant health concern. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and specific approved medications are currently unavailable. Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a well-known regulator of senescence, metabolism or apoptosis. Recent reports suggest that DBC1 may also potentially regulate muscle function, as mice lacking DBC1 exhibit weakness and limpness. However, the function of DBC1 in skeletal muscle and its associated molecular mechanisms remain unknown, thus prompting the focus of this study. METHODS Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle-specific DBC1 knockdown C57BL/6J male mice were generated through a single injection of 2.00 E + 11 vg of adeno-associated virus 9 delivering single-guide RNA for DBC1. Grip strength and endurance were assessed 2 months later, followed by skeletal muscle harvest. Muscle atrophy model was generated by cast immobilization of the mouse hindlimb for 2 weeks. Molecular markers of atrophy were probed in muscles upon termination. Cardiotoxin (CTX) was injected in TA muscles of DBC1 knockdown mice, and muscle regeneration was assessed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR and western blotting. DBC1 knockdown C2C12 cells and myotubes were investigated using immunofluorescence staining, Seahorse, immunohistology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA-sequencing analyses. RESULTS DBC1 knockdown in skeletal muscle of young mice led to signatures of muscle atrophy, including a 28% reduction in muscle grip force (P = 0.023), a 54.4% reduction in running distance (P = 0.002), a 14.3% reduction in muscle mass (P = 0.007) and significantly smaller myofibre cross-sectional areas (P < 0.0001). DBC1 levels decrease in age-related or limb immobilization-induced atrophic mouse muscles and overexpress DBC1-attenuated atrophic phenotypes in these mice. Muscle regeneration was hampered in mice with CTX-induced muscle injury by DBC1 knockdown, as evidenced by reductions in myofibre cross-sectional areas of regenerating myofibres with centralized nuclei (P < 0.0001), percentages of MyoG+ nuclei (P < 0.0001) and fusion index (P < 0.0001). DBC1 transcriptionally regulated mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), which mediated ubiquitination and degradation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). Increased FOXO3 proteins hampered myogenesis in DBC1 knockdown satellite cells by compromising around 50% of mitochondrial functions (P < 0.001) and exacerbated atrophy in DBC1 knockdown myofibres by activating the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways. CONCLUSIONS DBC1 is essential in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity by protecting against myofibres wasting and enhancing muscle regeneration via FOXO3. This research highlights the significance of DBC1 for healthy skeletal muscle function and its connection to muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xueying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Molecular Pathology Research CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wuga Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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13
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Lugano DI, Barrett LN, Chaput D, Park MA, Westerheide SD. CCAR-1 works together with the U2AF large subunit UAF-1 to regulate alternative splicing. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-11. [PMID: 38126797 PMCID: PMC10761121 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2289707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cell Division Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator (CCAR) protein family members have recently emerged as regulators of alternative splicing and transcription, as well as having other key physiological functions. For example, mammalian CCAR2/DBC1 forms a complex with the zinc factor protein ZNF326 to integrate alternative splicing with RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation in AT-rich regions of the DNA. Additionally, Caenorhabditis elegans CCAR-1, a homolog to mammalian CCAR2, facilitates the alternative splicing of the perlecan unc-52 gene. However, much about the CCAR family's role in alternative splicing is unknown. Here, we have examined the role of CCAR-1 in genome-wide alternative splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans and have identified new alternative splicing targets of CCAR-1 using RNA sequencing. Also, we found that CCAR-1 interacts with the spliceosome factors UAF-1 and UAF-2 using mass spectrometry, and that knockdown of ccar-1 affects alternative splicing patterns, motility, and proteostasis of UAF-1 mutant worms. Collectively, we demonstrate the role of CCAR-1 in regulating global alternative splicing in C. elegans and in conjunction with UAF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen I. Lugano
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Barrett
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A. Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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14
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Pahmeier F, Lavacca TM, Goellner S, Neufeldt CJ, Prasad V, Cerikan B, Rajasekharan S, Mizzon G, Haselmann U, Funaya C, Scaturro P, Cortese M, Bartenschlager R. Identification of host dependency factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle formation through proteomics and ultrastructural analysis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0087823. [PMID: 37905840 PMCID: PMC10688318 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Remodeling of the cellular endomembrane system by viruses allows for efficient and coordinated replication of the viral genome in distinct subcellular compartments termed replication organelles. As a critical step in the viral life cycle, replication organelle formation is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, but factors central to this process are only partially understood. In this study, we corroborate that two viral proteins, nsp3 and nsp4, are the major drivers of membrane remodeling in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We further report a number of host cell factors interacting with these viral proteins and supporting the viral replication cycle, some of them by contributing to the formation of the SARS-CoV-2 replication organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pahmeier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa-Maria Lavacca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Goellner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Neufeldt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vibhu Prasad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berati Cerikan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Giulia Mizzon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Haselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Systems Arbovirology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg partner site, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division “Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis”, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Liao G, Liu W, Dai Y, Shi X, Liu Y, Li D, Xu T. Beneficial effects of flavonoids on animal models of atherosclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2023; 26:108337. [PMID: 38026172 PMCID: PMC10665821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger human health. The existing treatment drugs are effective, but they have some side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids have attracted wide attention due to their multiple cardioprotective effects and fewer side effects. PubMed, Web of Science database, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of flavonoids against atherosclerosis. 119 studies published from August 1954 to April 2023 were included. Random-effects models were performed for synthesis. Compared with the control group, flavonoids significantly reduced longitudinal and cross-sectional plaque area. The findings indicated that flavonoids significantly reduced the concentrations of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased serum HDL-C concentrations. Besides, flavonoids reduced the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the serum IL-10 level. This study provides evidence for the potential cardiovascular benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Dai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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16
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A S, Sudhakar M, Nair AS, Kamalamma S. Identification and molecular modeling of novel endogenous activator proteins of Sirt-1: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8276-8291. [PMID: 36229233 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirt-1 is one of the most extensively studied mammalian Sirtuins that deacetylates histones and several non-histone proteins critical to cellular homeostasis. As a key sensor of cellular metabolism, it is regulated at multiple levels including transcriptional and post translational levels. As an allosteric enzyme, its activity is also modulated by ligands and certain endogenous proteins. The present study is an in silico approach to identify novel Sirt-1 binding proteins. Bioinformatic search for similarity in sequence, structure, and topology of binding region to Lamin-A, a known activator of Sirt-1, identified three proteins viz. Epididymis secretory sperm binding protein (ESSBP), xylosyltransferase 1 (XT-1), and Adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY-9). Molecular docking studies revealed binding of ESSBP and ADCY-9 to the N-terminal region of Sirt-1 while XT-1 docks at both N-terminal and C-terminal region of Sirt-1 with Z-Dock score better than Lamin-A; XT-1 and ADCY-9 showed better Z-Rank score as well. MD simulation studies for extended time followed by MM-PBSA analysis showed that the Sirt-1-protein complexes were stable with favourable binding energy and minimal change in RMSD relating to backbone structure and RMSF relating to residue fluctuations. Further, H-bond analysis showed only minimal changes in H bonding interactions. Docking of these proteins to Sirt-1 through interaction with several residues particularly to its N-terminal region spanning 1-243 residues, in a manner similar to the docking of the activator Lamin-A and different from the inhibitor DLBC-1 binding site, suggests that these proteins may also positively modulate Sirt-1 activity. Further experimental data would be required to validate the computational prediction and to understand its physiological role.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanitha A
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Manu Sudhakar
- Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Achuthsankar S Nair
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
| | - Saja Kamalamma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, India
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17
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Wang Y, Wang JM, Xiao Y, Hu XB, Zheng SY, Fu JL, Zhang L, Gan YW, Liang XM, Li DWC. SUMO1-regulated DBC1 promotes p53-dependent stress-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8812-8832. [PMID: 37683133 PMCID: PMC10522365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) was initially identified from a homozygously deleted region in human chromosome 8p21. It has been well established that DBC1 plays a dual role during cancer development. Depending on the physiological context, it can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. Whether it plays a role in lens pathogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that DBC1 is highly expressed in lens epithelial cells from different vertebrates and in retina pigment epithelial cells as well. Moreover, DBC1 is SUMOylated through SUMO1 conjugation at K591 residue in human and mouse lens epithelial cells. The SUMOylated DBC1 is localized in the nucleus and plays an essential role in promoting stress-induced apoptosis. Silence of DBC1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of DBC1 enhances oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this process depends on p53. Mechanistically, DBC1 interacts with p53 to regulate its phosphorylation status at multiple sites and the SUMOylation of DBC1 enhances its interaction with p53. Together, our results identify that DBC1 is an important regulator mediating stress-induced apoptosis in lens, and thus participates in control of lens cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jing-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xing-Miao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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18
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Wang Y, Wang M, Chen J, Li Y, Kuang Z, Dende C, Raj P, Quinn G, Hu Z, Srinivasan T, Hassell B, Ruhn K, Behrendt CL, Liang T, Dou X, Song Z, Hooper LV. The gut microbiota reprograms intestinal lipid metabolism through long noncoding RNA Snhg9. Science 2023; 381:851-857. [PMID: 37616368 PMCID: PMC10688608 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota regulates mammalian lipid absorption, metabolism, and storage. We report that the microbiota reprograms intestinal lipid metabolism in mice by repressing the expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Snhg9 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 9) in small intestinal epithelial cells. Snhg9 suppressed the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-a central regulator of lipid metabolism-by dissociating the PPARγ inhibitor sirtuin 1 from cell cycle and apoptosis protein 2 (CCAR2). Forced expression of Snhg9 in the intestinal epithelium of conventional mice impaired lipid absorption, reduced body fat, and protected against diet-induced obesity. The microbiota repressed Snhg9 expression through an immune relay encompassing myeloid cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Our findings thus identify an unanticipated role for a lncRNA in microbial control of host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Meng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery and Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chaitanya Dende
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Gabriella Quinn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Tarun Srinivasan
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Brian Hassell
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Kelly Ruhn
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Cassie L. Behrendt
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Lora V. Hooper
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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19
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Branch MR, Hsu CL, Ohnishi K, Shen WC, Lee E, Meisenhelder J, Winborn B, Sopher BL, Taylor JP, Hunter T, La Spada AR. MAP4K3 inhibits Sirtuin-1 to repress the LKB1-AMPK pathway to promote amino acid-dependent activation of the mTORC1 complex. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201525. [PMID: 37221017 PMCID: PMC10205607 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 is the key rheostat controlling the cellular metabolic state. Of the various inputs to mTORC1, the most potent effector of intracellular nutrient status is amino acid supply. Despite an established role for MAP4K3 in promoting mTORC1 activation in the presence of amino acids, the signaling pathway by which MAP4K3 controls mTORC1 activation remains unknown. Here, we examined the process of MAP4K3 regulation of mTORC1 and found that MAP4K3 represses the LKB1-AMPK pathway to achieve robust mTORC1 activation. When we sought the regulatory link between MAP4K3 and LKB1 inhibition, we discovered that MAP4K3 physically interacts with the master nutrient regulatory factor sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylates SIRT1 to repress LKB1 activation. Our results reveal the existence of a novel signaling pathway linking amino acid satiety with MAP4K3-dependent suppression of SIRT1 to inactivate the repressive LKB1-AMPK pathway and thereby potently activate the mTORC1 complex to dictate the metabolic disposition of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rose Branch
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Chuan Shen
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elian Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jill Meisenhelder
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brett Winborn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bryce L Sopher
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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20
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Kim HJ, Moon SJ, Kim JH. Mechanistic insights into the dual role of CCAR2/DBC1 in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1691-1701. [PMID: 37524873 PMCID: PMC10474295 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2), also known as deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1), has been recently identified as a master regulator of transcriptional processes and plays diverse roles in physiology and pathophysiology, including as a regulator of apoptosis, DNA repair, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. CCAR2 functions as a coregulator of various transcription factors and a critical regulator of numerous epigenetic modifiers. Based on its ability to stimulate apoptosis by activating and stabilizing p53, CCAR2 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that CCAR2 also functions as a tumor-promoting coregulator by activating oncogenic transcription factors and regulating the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers, indicating that CCAR2 may play a dual role in cancer progression by acting as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the dual tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles of CCAR2 in cancer. We discuss CCAR2 domain structures, its interaction partners, and the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the activities of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sue Jin Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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21
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Fan W, Li X. The SIRT1-c-Myc axis in regulation of stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236968. [PMID: 37554307 PMCID: PMC10405831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. Through deacetylation of transcriptional factors and co-factors, this protein modification enzyme is critically involved in metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells, which is functionally important in maintaining their pluripotency and regulating their differentiation. C-Myc, a key member of Myc proton-oncogene family, is a pivotal factor for transcriptional regulation of genes that control acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Previous cancer research has revealed an intriguing positive feedback loop between SIRT1 and c-Myc that is crucial in tumorigenesis. Recent literature has uncovered important functions of this axis in regulation of maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells. This review highlights recent advances of the SIRT1-c-Myc axis in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
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22
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Yu Y, Song X, Wang X, Zheng L, Ma G, Liu W, Su H, Liu X, Liu T, Cao L, Wang D. Oxidative stress impairs the Nur77-Sirt1 axis resulting in a decline in organism homeostasis during aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13812. [PMID: 36883265 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirt1 is an NAD+ -dependent deacetylase that protects against premature aging and cell senescence. Aging accompanied by oxidative stress leads to a decrease in Sirt1 levels and activity, but the regulatory mechanism that connects these events remains unclear. Here, we reported that Nur77, which shares similar biological pathways with Sirt1, was also decreased with age in multiple organs. Our in vivo and in vitro results revealed that Nur77 and Sirt1 decreased during aging and oxidative stress-induced cell senescence. Deletion of Nr4a1 shortened the lifespan and accelerated the aging process in multiple mouse tissues. Overexpression of Nr4a1 protected the Sirt1 protein from proteasomal degradation through negative transcriptional regulation of the E3 ligase MDM2. Our results showed that Nur77 deficiency markedly aggravated aging-related nephropathy and elucidated a key role for Nur77 in the stabilization of Sirt1 homeostasis during renal aging. We proposed a model wherein a reduction of Nur77 in response to oxidative stress promotes Sirt1 protein degradation through MDM2, which triggers cell senescence. This creates additional oxidative stress and provides positive feedback for premature aging by further decreasing Nur77 expression. Our findings reveal the mechanism by which oxidative stress reduces Sirt1 expression during aging and offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for targeting aging and homeostasis in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxun Wang
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guojing Ma
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Su
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Difei Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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23
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation, play crucial roles in the regulation of autophagy. Acetylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for autophagy. Acetylation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by targeting core components of the ULK1 complex, the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex, and the LC3 lipidation system. Recent studies have shown that acetylation occurs on the key proteins participating in autophagic cargo assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, such as SQSTM1/p62 and STX17. In addition, acetylation controls autophagy at the transcriptional level by targeting histones and the transcription factor TFEB. Here, we review the current knowledge on acetylation of autophagy proteins and their regulations and functions in the autophagy pathway with focus on recent findings.Abbreviations : ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACSS2: acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RUBCN/Rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; RUBCNL/Pacer: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SNARE: soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; TP53INP2/DOR: tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Wei Wan Research Building B, Room 716, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
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24
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CCAR2 functions downstream of the Shieldin complex to promote double-strand break end-joining. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214935119. [PMID: 36442094 PMCID: PMC9894118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214935119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 53BP1-RIF1 pathway restricts the resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes blunt end-ligation by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. The Shieldin complex is a downstream effector of the 53BP1-RIF1 pathway. Here, we identify a component of this pathway, CCAR2/DBC1, which is also required for restriction of DNA end-resection. CCAR2 co-immunoprecipitates with the Shieldin complex, and knockout of CCAR2 in a BRCA1-deficient cell line results in elevated DSB end-resection, RAD51 loading, and PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance. Knockout of CCAR2 is epistatic with knockout of other Shieldin proteins. The S1-like RNA-binding domain of CCAR2 is required for its interaction with the Shieldin complex and for suppression of DSB end-resection. CCAR2 functions downstream of the Shieldin complex, and CCAR2 knockout cells have delayed resolution of Shieldin complex foci. Forkhead-associated (FHA)-dependent targeting of CCAR2 to DSB sites re-sensitized BRCA1-/-SHLD2-/- cells to PARPi. Taken together, CCAR2 is a functional component of the 53BP1-RIF1 pathway, promotes the refill of resected DSBs, and suppresses homologous recombination.
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25
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Insights into Regulators of p53 Acetylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233825. [PMID: 36497084 PMCID: PMC9737083 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of dozens of target genes and diverse physiological processes. To precisely regulate the p53 network, p53 undergoes various post-translational modifications and alters the selectivity of target genes. Acetylation plays an essential role in cell fate determination through the activation of p53. Although the acetylation of p53 has been examined, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear and, thus, have attracted the interest of researchers. We herein discuss the role of acetylation in the p53 pathway, with a focus on p53 acetyltransferases and deacetylases. We also review recent findings on the regulators of these enzymes to understand the mode of p53 acetylation from a broader perspective.
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26
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Molecular Mechanism of Sirtuin 1 Modulation by the AROS Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112764. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein lysine deacylases of the NAD+-dependent Sirtuin family contribute to metabolic regulation, stress responses, and aging processes, and the human Sirtuin isoforms, Sirt1-7, are considered drug targets for aging-related diseases. The nuclear isoform Sirt1 deacetylates histones and transcription factors to regulate, e.g., metabolic adaptations and circadian mechanisms, and it is used as a therapeutic target for Huntington’s disease and psoriasis. Sirt1 is regulated through a multitude of mechanisms, including the interaction with regulatory proteins such as the inhibitors Tat and Dbc1 or the activator AROS. Here, we describe a molecular characterization of AROS and how it regulates Sirt1. We find that AROS is a partly intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that inhibits rather than activates Sirt1. A biochemical characterization of the interaction including binding and stability assays, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and a crystal structure of Sirtuin/AROS peptide complex reveal that AROS acts as a competitive inhibitor, through binding to the Sirt1 substrate peptide site. Our results provide molecular insights in the physiological regulation of Sirt1 by a regulator protein and suggest the peptide site as an opportunity for Sirt1-targeted drug development.
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27
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Liu Q, Luo Q, Feng J, Zhao Y, Ma B, Cheng H, Zhao T, Lei H, Mu C, Chen L, Meng Y, Zhang J, Long Y, Su J, Chen G, Li Y, Hu G, Liao X, Chen Q, Zhu Y. Hypoxia-induced proteasomal degradation of DBC1 by SIAH2 in breast cancer progression. eLife 2022; 11:81247. [PMID: 35913115 PMCID: PMC9377797 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DBC1 has been characterized as a key regulator of physiological and pathophysiological activities, such as DNA damage, senescence, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which the functional stability of DBC1 is regulated has yet to be elucidated. Here, we report that the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of DBC1 is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 and deubiquitinase OTUD5 under hypoxic stress. Mechanistically, hypoxia promoted DBC1 to interact with SIAH2 but not OTUD5, resulting in the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of DBC1 through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. SIAH2 knockout inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration, which could be rescued by double knockout of SIAH2/CCAR2. Human tissue microarray analysis further revealed that the SIAH2/DBC1 axis was responsible for tumor progression under hypoxic stress. These findings define a key role of the hypoxia-mediated SIAH2-DBC1 pathway in the progression of human breast cancer and provide novel insights into the metastatic mechanism of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyu Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Biao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Tian Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglong Mu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijia Long
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Lazaro-Pena MI, Ward ZC, Yang S, Strohm A, Merrill AK, Soto CA, Samuelson AV. HSF-1: Guardian of the Proteome Through Integration of Longevity Signals to the Proteostatic Network. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:861686. [PMID: 35874276 PMCID: PMC9304931 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.861686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries made in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans revealed that aging is under genetic control. Since these transformative initial studies, C. elegans has become a premier model system for aging research. Critically, the genes, pathways, and processes that have fundamental roles in organismal aging are deeply conserved throughout evolution. This conservation has led to a wealth of knowledge regarding both the processes that influence aging and the identification of molecular and cellular hallmarks that play a causative role in the physiological decline of organisms. One key feature of age-associated decline is the failure of mechanisms that maintain proper function of the proteome (proteostasis). Here we highlight components of the proteostatic network that act to maintain the proteome and how this network integrates into major longevity signaling pathways. We focus in depth on the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the central regulator of gene expression for proteins that maintain the cytosolic and nuclear proteomes, and a key effector of longevity signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Lazaro-Pena
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary C. Ward
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sifan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Strohm
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Toxicology Training Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Celia A. Soto
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Andrew V. Samuelson
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrew V. Samuelson,
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29
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Cai Z, Long T, Zhao Y, Lin R, Wang Y. Epigenetic Regulation in Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:942982. [PMID: 35873487 PMCID: PMC9304589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disease with both hereditary and environmental causes. Despite an increase in reports of possible OA risk loci, it has become clear that genetics is not the sole cause of osteoarthritis. Epigenetics, which can be triggered by environmental influences and result in transcriptional alterations, may have a role in OA pathogenesis. The majority of recent research on the epigenetics of OA has been focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. However, this study will explore epigenetic regulation in OA at the present stage. How genetics, environmental variables, and epigenetics interact will be researched, shedding light for future studies. Their possible interaction and control processes open up new avenues for the development of innovative osteoarthritis treatment and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Long
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
| | | | | | - You Wang
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
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30
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Kim HJ, Moon SJ, Hong S, Won HH, Kim JH. DBC1 is a key positive regulator of enhancer epigenomic writers KMT2D and p300. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7873-7888. [PMID: 35801925 PMCID: PMC9371912 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is a key epigenetic mechanism for regulation of chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) has been shown to act as a negative regulator of epigenetic modifiers and as a co-activator for nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. However, little is known about the role of DBC1 in the regulation of histone modifications and chromatin landscapes. Here, we analyzed genome-wide profiles of active enhancer and promoter marks in colorectal cancer cells and report DBC1 as a critical positive regulator of histone epigenetic writers KMT2D (H3K4 methyltransferase) and p300 (histone acetyltransferase). DBC1 is required for establishing the landscape of active enhancers, for genome-wide chromatin binding and enhancer recruitment of KMT2D and p300, and for gene activation involved in colorectal cancer progression. DBC1 interacts directly with KMT2D and p300, and enhances KMT2D-mediated histone H3K4 methylation (H3K4me1/2/3) and p300-mediated H3 acetylation. Importantly, DBC1 contributes to super-enhancer formation and function by facilitating the recruitment of KMT2D and p300 and by enhancing their functional interaction and cooperative cross-talk. Our results highlight the critical role of DBC1 as a key positive regulator of KMT2D and p300, and provide insights into regulatory mechanisms underlying the interplay between the enhancer epigenomic writers in enhancer activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sue Jin Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.,Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
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31
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chao Y, Zhang J, Jia Y, Tie J, Hu D. Regulation of SIRT1 and Its Roles in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831168. [PMID: 35359990 PMCID: PMC8962665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein, a highly conserved NAD+-dependent deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, is a post-translational regulator that plays a role in modulating inflammation. SIRT1 affects multiple biological processes by deacetylating a variety of proteins including histones and non-histone proteins. Recent studies have revealed intimate links between SIRT1 and inflammation, while alterations to SIRT1 expression and activity have been linked to inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that regulate SIRT1 expression, including upstream activators and suppressors that operate on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also summarize factors that influence SIRT1 activity including the NAD+/NADH ratio, SIRT1 binding partners, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, we underscore the role of SIRT1 in the development of inflammation by commenting on the proteins that are targeted for deacetylation by SIRT1. Finally, we highlight the potential for SIRT1-based therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongyi Chao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dahai Hu, ; Jun Tie,
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dahai Hu, ; Jun Tie,
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32
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Chen R, Skutella T. Synergistic Anti-Ageing through Senescent Cells Specific Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:830. [PMID: 35269453 PMCID: PMC8909644 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we seek a novel strategy for establishing a rejuvenating microenvironment through senescent cells specific reprogramming. We suggest that partial reprogramming can produce a secretory phenotype that facilitates cellular rejuvenation. This strategy is desired for specific partial reprogramming under control to avoid tumour risk and organ failure due to loss of cellular identity. It also alleviates the chronic inflammatory state associated with ageing and secondary senescence in adjacent cells by improving the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This manuscript also hopes to explore whether intervening in cellular senescence can improve ageing and promote damage repair, in general, to increase people's healthy lifespan and reduce frailty. Feasible and safe clinical translational protocols are critical in rejuvenation by controlled reprogramming advances. This review discusses the limitations and controversies of these advances' application (while organizing the manuscript according to potential clinical translation schemes) to explore directions and hypotheses that have translational value for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Group for Regeneration and Reprogramming, Medical Faculty, Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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33
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Begum MK, Konja D, Singh S, Chlopicki S, Wang Y. Endothelial SIRT1 as a Target for the Prevention of Arterial Aging: Promises and Challenges. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S63-S77. [PMID: 34840264 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT SIRT1, a member of the sirtuin family of longevity regulators, possesses potent activities preventing vascular aging. The expression and function of SIRT1 in endothelial cells are downregulated with age, in turn causing early vascular aging and predisposing various vascular abnormalities. Overexpression of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium prevents aging-associated endothelial dysfunction and senescence, thus the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Numerous efforts have been directed to increase SIRT1 signaling as a potential strategy for different aging-associated diseases. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the regulation of SIRT1 have posed a significant challenge toward the design of specific and effective therapeutics. This review aimed to provide a summary on the regulation and function of SIRT1 in the vascular endothelium and to discuss the different approaches targeting this molecule for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musammat Kulsuma Begum
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniels Konja
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; and
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- The Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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34
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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35
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Mannen T, Goto M, Yoshizawa T, Yamashita A, Hirose T, Hayano T. Distinct RNA polymerase transcripts direct the assembly of phase-separated DBC1 nuclear bodies in different cell lines. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar33. [PMID: 34495685 PMCID: PMC8693952 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cell nucleus is a highly organized organelle that contains membrane-less structures referred to as nuclear bodies (NBs). Some NBs carry specific RNA types that play architectural roles in their formation. Here, we show two types of RNase-sensitive DBC1-containing NBs, DBC1 nuclear body (DNB) in HCT116 cells and Sam68 nuclear body (SNB) in HeLa cells, that exhibit phase-separated features and are constructed using RNA polymerase I or II transcripts in a cell type–specific manner. We identified additional protein components present in DNB by immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry, some of which (DBC1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L [HNRNPL]) are required for DNB formation. The rescue experiment using the truncated HNRNPL mutants revealed that two RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions of HNRNPL play significant roles in DNB formation. All these domains of HNRNPL promote in vitro droplet formation, suggesting the need for multivalent interactions between HNRNPL and RNA as well as proteins in DNB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mannen
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Masato Goto
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshizawa
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Hayano
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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36
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Lee H, Jung TY, Lim SH, Choi EJ, Lee J, Min DS. Phospholipase D2 is a positive regulator of sirtuin 1 and modulates p53-mediated apoptosis via sirtuin 1. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1287-1297. [PMID: 34471223 PMCID: PMC8492672 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase that plays diverse physiological roles. However, little is known about the regulation of SIRT1 activity. Here, we show that phospholipase D2 (PLD2), but not PLD1, selectively interacts with SIRT1 and increases the deacetylase activity of SIRT1. PLD2 does not interact with the other isozymes of SIRT (SIRT2–7). Two leucine residues in the LXXLL motif (L173 and L174) in the phox domain of PLD2 interact with the region essential for SIRT1 activity. PLD2 stimulates the SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53 independent of its lipase activity. In our study, mutagenesis of the LXXLL motif suppressed the interaction of PLD2 with SIRT1 and inhibited SIRT1-mediated p53 deacetylation and p53-induced transactivation of proapoptotic genes. Ultimately, overexpression of wild-type PLD2 but not that of LXXLL-mutant PLD2 protected cells against etoposide-induced apoptosis. Moreover, PLD2 did not protect against apoptosis induced by SIRT1 depletion under genotoxic stress. Collectively, our results suggest that PLD2 is a positive regulator of SIRT1 and modulates p53-mediated apoptosis via SIRT1. New details about the regulatory mechanisms that prevent tumor cell death could be exploited to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The sirtuin (SIRT) protein family has been linked to both promotion and suppression of tumors in different cancers. The enzyme SIRT1 in particular deacetylates, and thereby deactivates, the key tumor-suppressing antigen p53, stopping p53 from inducing apoptosis (controlled cell death) in tumors. Do Sik Min at Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea, and co-workers revealed that this SIRT1 deacetylation of p53 is greatly enhanced by the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2). A particular region on PLD2 is required to activate SIRT1, this activation leading to protection of tumor cells from apoptosis induced by the chemotherapy drug etoposide. Therapies that target that region on PLD2 might therefore suppress a tumor’s natural resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Taek-Yeol Jung
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Seong Hun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.,Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea.
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37
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Qin H, Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhu S, Wang H. Protective Effect of Sirt1 against Radiation-Induced Damage. Radiat Res 2021; 196:647-657. [PMID: 34459925 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00139.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important method for the treatment of malignant tumors. It can directly or indirectly lead to the formation of free radicals and DNA damage, resulting in a series of biological effects, including tumor cell death and normal tissue damage. These radiation effects are typically accompanied by the abnormal expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which deacetylates histones and non-histones. These Sirt1 substrates, including transcription factors and some catalytic enzymes, play a crucial role in anti-oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, autophagy regulation, anti-senescence, and apoptosis, which are closely related to triggering cell defense and survival in radiation-induced damage. In this article, we review the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to ionizing radiation and the role of Sirt1 in the process, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for protection against radiation by Sirt1 as well as novel targets for developing radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoren Qin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Siwei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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38
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Blasl AT, Schulze S, Qin C, Graf LG, Vogt R, Lammers M. Post-translational lysine ac(et)ylation in health, ageing and disease. Biol Chem 2021; 403:151-194. [PMID: 34433238 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The acetylation/acylation (ac(et)ylation) of lysine side chains is a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM) regulating fundamental cellular processes with implications on the organisms' ageing process: metabolism, transcription, translation, cell proliferation, regulation of the cytoskeleton and DNA damage repair. First identified to occur on histones, later studies revealed the presence of lysine ac(et)ylation in organisms of all kingdoms of life, in proteins covering all essential cellular processes. A remarkable finding showed that the NAD+-dependent sirtuin deacetylase Sir2 has an impact on replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggesting that lysine acetylation has a direct role in the ageing process. Later studies identified sirtuins as mediators for beneficial effects of caloric/dietary restriction on the organisms' health- or lifespan. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are only incompletely understood. Progress in mass-spectrometry, structural biology, synthetic and semi-synthetic biology deepened our understanding of this PTM. This review summarizes recent developments in the research field. It shows how lysine ac(et)ylation regulates protein function, how it is regulated enzymatically and non-enzymatically, how a dysfunction in this post-translational machinery contributes to disease development. A focus is set on sirtuins and lysine acyltransferases as these are direct sensors and mediators of the cellular metabolic state. Finally, this review highlights technological advances to study lysine ac(et)ylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Theresa Blasl
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schulze
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonie G Graf
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Vogt
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lammers
- Department Synthetic and Structural Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487Greifswald, Germany
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39
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Behera A, Naik D, Kalita B. Keep your eyes peeled for long noncoding RNAs: Explaining their boundless role in cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and clinical application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188612. [PMID: 34391844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and drug resistance are two major obstacles in the treatment of cancer and therefore, the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Hence, an in-depth understanding of these processes and identification of the underlying key players could help design a better therapeutic regimen to treat cancer. Earlier thought to be merely transcriptional junk and having passive or secondary function, recent advances in the genomic research have unravelled that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in diverse physiological as well as pathological processes including cancer metastasis and drug resistance. LncRNAs can regulate various steps of the complex metastatic cascade such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration and metastatic colonization, and also affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. A substantial body of literature for more than a decade of research evince that lncRNAs can regulate gene expression at different levels such as epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational levels, depending on their subcellular localization and through their ability to interact with DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we mainly focus on how lncRNAs affect cancer metastasis by modulating expression of key metastasis-associated genes at various levels of gene regulation. We also discuss how lncRNAs confer cancer cells either sensitivity or resistance to various chemo-therapeutic drugs via different mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the immense potential of lncRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Abhayananda Behera
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Debasmita Naik
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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40
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Huang Y, Lu J, Zhan L, Wang M, Shi R, Yuan X, Gao X, Liu X, Zang J, Liu W, Yao X. Resveratrol-induced Sirt1 phosphorylation by LKB1 mediates mitochondrial metabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100929. [PMID: 34216621 PMCID: PMC8326426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The NAD+-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 has been implicated in the prevention of many age-related diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, exhibits antiaging, antitumor, and vascular protection effects by activating Sirt1. However, the molecular mechanism of Sirt1 activation as induced by resveratrol remains unclear. By knockdown/rescue experiments, fluorometric Sirt1 activity assay, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays, we identify here that the tumor suppressor LKB1 (liver kinase B1) as a direct activator of Sirt1 elicited by resveratrol. Resveratrol promotes the binding between LKB1 and Sirt1, which we first reported, and this binding leads to LKB1-mediated phosphorylation of Sirt1 at three different serine residues in the C terminus of Sirt1. Mechanistically, LKB1-mediated phosphorylation increases intramolecular interactions in Sirt1, such as the binding of the C terminus to the deacetylase core domain, thereby eliminating DBC1 (Deleted in Breast Cancer 1, Sirt1 endogenous inhibitor) inhibition and promoting Sirt1-substrate interaction. Functionally, LKB1-dependent Sirt1 activation increases mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through deacetylation and activation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α. These results identify Sirt1 as a context-dependent target of LKB1 and suggest that a resveratrol-stimulated LKB1-Sirt1 pathway plays a vital role in mitochondrial metabolism, a key physiological process that contributes to numerous age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianlin Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianye Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China School of Life Sciences, Hefei, China; Anhui Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science & Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, China; Keck Center for Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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41
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He Q, Li Z, Lei X, Zou Q, Yu H, Ding Y, Xu G, Zhu W. The underlying molecular mechanisms and prognostic factors of RNA binding protein in colorectal cancer: a study based on multiple online databases. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:325. [PMID: 34193169 PMCID: PMC8244213 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA binding protein (RBP) is an active factor involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the potential mechanism of RBP in CRC needs to be clarified by dry-lab analyses or wet-lab experiments. METHODS The differential RBP gene obtained from the GEPIA 2 (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2) were performed functional enrichment analysis. Then, the alternative splicing (AS) events related to survival were acquired by univariate regression analysis, and the correlation between RBP and AS was analyzed by R software. The online databases were conducted to analyze the mutation and methylation of RBPs in CRC. Moreover, 5 key RBP signatures were obtained through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and established as RBP prognosis model. Subsequently, the above model was verified through another randomized group of TCGA CRC cohorts. Finally, multiple online databases and qRT-PCR analysis were carried to further confirm the expression of the above 5 RBP signatures in CRC. RESULTS Through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, it was revealed that RBPs had genetic and epigenetic changes in CRC. We obtained 300 differentially expressed RBPs in CRC samples. The functional analysis suggested that they mainly participated in spliceosome. Then, a regulatory network for RBP was established to participate in AS and DDX39B was detected to act as a potentially essential factor in the regulation of AS in CRC. Our analysis discovered that 11 differentially expressed RBPs with a mutation frequency higher than 5%. Furthermore, we found that 10 differentially expressed RBPs had methylation sites related to the prognosis of CRC, and a prognostic model was constructed by the 5 RBP signatures. In another randomized group of TCGA CRC cohorts, the prognostic performance of the 5 RBP signatures was verified. CONCLUSION The potential mechanisms that regulate the aberrant expression of RBPs in the development of CRC was explored, a network that regulated AS was established, and the RBP-related prognosis model was constructed and verified, which could improve the individualized prognosis prediction of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haibing Yu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanlin Ding
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, No.1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong Province, China.
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42
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Maldonado M, Chen J, Lujun Y, Duan H, Raja MA, Qu T, Huang T, Gu J, Zhong Y. The consequences of a high-calorie diet background before calorie restriction on skeletal muscles in a mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16834-16858. [PMID: 34166224 PMCID: PMC8266348 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) are numerous. However, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR on skeletal muscles in an experimental mouse model. Herein we present empirical evidence showing significant interactions between HCD (4 months) and CR (3 months). Pectoralis major and quadriceps femoris vastus medialis, in the experimental and control groups, displayed metabolic and physiologic heterogeneity and remarkable plasticity, according to the dietary interventions. HCD-CR not only altered genetic activation patterns of satellite SC markers but also boosted the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and key activators of mitochondrial biogenesis, which in turn were also associated with metabolic fiber transition. Our data prompt us to theorize that the effects of CR may vary according to the physiologic, metabolic, and genetic peculiarities of the skeletal muscle described here and that INTM/IM lipid infiltration and tissue-specific fuel-energy status (demand/supply) both hold dependent-interacting roles with other key anti-aging mechanisms triggered by CR. Systematic integration of an HCD with CR appears to bring potential benefits for skeletal muscle function and energy metabolism. However, at this stage of our research, an optimal balance between the two dietary conditions, where anti-aging effects can be accomplished, is under intensive investigation in combination with other tissues and organs at different levels of organization within the organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maldonado
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yang Lujun
- Translational Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huiqin Duan
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Mazhar Ali Raja
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Tianhua Huang
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Jinxin Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu 610066, China
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43
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Timmerman DM, Remmers TL, Hillenius S, Looijenga LHJ. Mechanisms of TP53 Pathway Inactivation in Embryonic and Somatic Cells-Relevance for Understanding (Germ Cell) Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105377. [PMID: 34065345 PMCID: PMC8161298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The P53 pathway is the most important cellular pathway to maintain genomic and cellular integrity, both in embryonic and non-embryonic cells. Stress signals induce its activation, initiating autophagy or cell cycle arrest to enable DNA repair. The persistence of these signals causes either senescence or apoptosis. Over 50% of all solid tumors harbor mutations in TP53 that inactivate the pathway. The remaining cancers are suggested to harbor mutations in genes that regulate the P53 pathway such as its inhibitors Mouse Double Minute 2 and 4 (MDM2 and MDM4, respectively). Many reviews have already been dedicated to P53, MDM2, and MDM4, while this review additionally focuses on the other factors that can deregulate P53 signaling. We discuss that P14ARF (ARF) functions as a negative regulator of MDM2, explaining the frequent loss of ARF detected in cancers. The long non-coding RNA Antisense Non-coding RNA in the INK4 Locus (ANRIL) is encoded on the same locus as ARF, inhibiting ARF expression, thus contributing to the process of tumorigenesis. Mutations in tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins deregulate P53 signaling through their ubiquitin ligase activity. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) inactivate the P53 pathway through inhibition of translation. CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) maintains an open chromatin structure at the TP53 locus, explaining its inactivation of CTCF during tumorigenesis. P21, a downstream effector of P53, has been found to be deregulated in different tumor types. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these factors that are known to deregulate the P53 pathway in both somatic and embryonic cells, as well as their malignant counterparts (i.e., somatic and germ cell tumors). It provides insights into which aspects still need to be unraveled to grasp their contribution to tumorigenesis, putatively leading to novel targets for effective cancer therapies.
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44
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Storchova R, Burdova K, Palek M, Medema RH, Macurek L. A novel assay for screening WIP1 phosphatase substrates in nuclear extracts. FEBS J 2021; 288:6035-6051. [PMID: 33982878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to genotoxic stress, cells activate DNA damage response (DDR) that coordinates DNA repair with a temporal arrest in the cell cycle progression. DDR is triggered by activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein kinases that phosphorylate multiple targets including tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor p53 (p53). In addition, DNA damage can activate parallel stress response pathways [such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 alpha (p38)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) kinases] contributing to establishing the cell cycle arrest. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) controls timely inactivation of DDR and is needed for recovery from the G2 checkpoint by counteracting the function of p53. Here, we developed a simple in vitro assay for testing WIP1 substrates in nuclear extracts. Whereas we did not detect any activity of WIP1 toward p38/MK2, we confirmed p53 as a substrate of WIP1. Inhibition or inactivation of WIP1 in U2OS cells increased phosphorylation of p53 at S15 and potentiated its acetylation at K382. Further, we identified Deleted in breast cancer gene 1 (DBC1) as a new substrate of WIP1 but surprisingly, depletion of DBC1 did not interfere with the ability of WIP1 to regulate p53 acetylation. Instead, we have found that WIP1 activity suppresses p53-K382 acetylation by inhibiting the interaction between p53 and the acetyltransferase p300. Newly established phosphatase assay allows an easy comparison of WIP1 ability to dephosphorylate various proteins and thus contributes to identification of its physiological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Storchova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matous Palek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Libor Macurek
- Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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45
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Wang M, Lin H. Understanding the Function of Mammalian Sirtuins and Protein Lysine Acylation. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:245-285. [PMID: 33848425 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-082520-125411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an important posttranslational modification that regulates numerous biological processes. Targeting lysine acetylation regulatory factors, such as acetyltransferases, deacetylases, and acetyl-lysine recognition domains, has been shown to have potential for treating human diseases, including cancer and neurological diseases. Over the past decade, many other acyl-lysine modifications, such as succinylation, crotonylation, and long-chain fatty acylation, have also been investigated and shown to have interesting biological functions. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of different acyl-lysine modifications in mammals. We focus on lysine acetylation as it is well characterized, and principles learned from acetylation are useful for understanding the functions of other lysine acylations. We pay special attention to the sirtuins, given that the study of sirtuins has provided a great deal of information about the functions of lysine acylation. We emphasize the regulation of sirtuins to illustrate that their regulation enables cells to respond to various signals and stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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46
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Identification of Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Biomarkers by Integrating Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expression Profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030261. [PMID: 33809336 PMCID: PMC7998437 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease categorized into four subtypes. Previous studies have shown that copy number alterations of several genes are implicated with the development and progression of many cancers. This study evaluates the effects of DNA copy number alterations on gene expression levels in different breast cancer subtypes. Materials and Methods: We performed a computational analysis integrating copy number alterations and gene expression profiles in 1024 breast cancer samples grouped into four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and basal. Results: Our analyses identified several genes correlated in all subtypes such as KIAA1967 and MCPH1. In addition, several subtype-specific genes that showed a significant correlation between copy number and gene expression profiles were detected: SMARCB1, AZIN1, MTDH in luminal A, PPP2R5E, APEX1, GCN5 in luminal B, TNFAIP1, PCYT2, DIABLO in HER2, and FAM175B, SENP5, SCAF1 in basal subtype. Conclusions: This study showed that computational analyses integrating copy number and gene expression can contribute to unveil the molecular mechanisms of cancer and identify new subtype-specific biomarkers.
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47
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Ma L, Liu Q, Tian M, Tian X, Gao L. Mechanisms of melatonin in anti-aging and its regulation effects in radiation-induced premature senescence. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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48
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Broussy S, Laaroussi H, Vidal M. Biochemical mechanism and biological effects of the inhibition of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) by EX-527 (SEN0014196 or selisistat). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1124-1136. [PMID: 32366137 PMCID: PMC7241506 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1758691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sirtuin silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase enzyme. It deacetylates many protein substrates, including histones and transcription factors, thereby controlling many physiological and pathological processes. Several synthetic inhibitors and activators of SIRT1 have been developed, and some therapeutic applications have been explored. The indole EX-527 and its derivatives are among the most potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitors. EX-527 has been often used as a pharmacological tool to explore the effect of SIRT1 inhibition in various cell types. Its therapeutic potential has, therefore, been evaluated in animal models for several pathologies, including cancer. It has also been tested in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of Huntington’s disease (HD). In this review, we will provide an overview of the literature on EX-527, including its mechanism of inhibition and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Broussy
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hanna Laaroussi
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidal
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, Paris, France.,Service biologie du médicament, toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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49
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Jin Y, Gu W, Chen W. Sirt3 is critical for p53-mediated ferroptosis upon ROS-induced stress. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 13:151-154. [PMID: 33377976 PMCID: PMC8104950 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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50
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Aventaggiato M, Vernucci E, Barreca F, Russo MA, Tafani M. Sirtuins' control of autophagy and mitophagy in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107748. [PMID: 33245993 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells use a specialized and complex machinery for the removal of altered proteins or dysfunctional organelles. Such machinery is part of a mechanism called autophagy. Moreover, when autophagy is specifically employed for the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, it is called mitophagy. Autophagy and mitophagy have important physiological implications and roles associated with cellular differentiation, resistance to stresses such as starvation, metabolic control and adaptation to the changing microenvironment. Unfortunately, transformed cancer cells often exploit autophagy and mitophagy for sustaining their metabolic reprogramming and growth to a point that autophagy and mitophagy are recognized as promising targets for ongoing and future antitumoral therapies. Sirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacylases with a fundamental role in sensing and modulating cellular response to external stresses such as nutrients availability and therefore involved in aging, oxidative stress control, inflammation, differentiation and cancer. It is clear, therefore, that autophagy, mitophagy and sirtuins share many common aspects to a point that, recently, sirtuins have been linked to the control of autophagy and mitophagy. In the context of cancer, such a control is obtained by modulating transcription of autophagy and mitophagy genes, by post translational modification of proteins belonging to the autophagy and mitophagy machinery, by controlling ROS production or major metabolic pathways such as Krebs cycle or glutamine metabolism. The present review details current knowledge on the role of sirtuins, autophagy and mitophagy in cancer to then proceed to discuss how sirtuins can control autophagy and mitophagy in cancer cells. Finally, we discuss sirtuins role in the context of tumor progression and metastasis indicating glutamine metabolism as an example of how a concerted activation and/or inhibition of sirtuins in cancer cells can control autophagy and mitophagy by impinging on the metabolism of this fundamental amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Aventaggiato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Vernucci
- Department of Internistic, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Italy; MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barreca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Via val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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