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Liu Y, Yuan J, Zhang Y, Qin F, Bai X, Sun W, Chen T, Liu F, Zheng Y, Qi X, Zhao W, Liu B, Gao C. OTUD5 promotes the inflammatory immune response by enhancing MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:753-767. [PMID: 38605168 PMCID: PMC11164869 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myddosome is an oligomeric complex required for the transmission of inflammatory signals from TLR/IL1Rs and consists of MyD88 and IRAK family kinases. However, the molecular basis for the self-assemble of Myddosome proteins and regulation of intracellular signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we identify OTUD5 acts as an essential regulator for MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation. OTUD5 directly interacts with MyD88 and cleaves its K11-linked polyubiquitin chains at Lys95, Lys231 and Lys250. This polyubiquitin cleavage enhances MyD88 oligomerization after LPS stimulation, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of downstream IRAK4 and IRAK2 to form Myddosome and the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling and production of inflammatory cytokines. Consistently, Otud5-deficient mice are less susceptible to LPS- and CLP-induced sepsis. Taken together, our findings reveal a positive regulatory role of OTUD5 in MyD88 oligomerization and Myddosome formation, which provides new sights into the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jiahua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.
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陈 浩, 李 振, 王 明, 卢 林, 唐 乾, 罗 良. [High expression of UBE2S promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by increasing cancer cell stemness]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:455-464. [PMID: 38597436 PMCID: PMC11006698 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the ubiquitination enzyme UBE2S in different cell types in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment and its impact on proliferation and stemness of HCC cells. METHODS TCGA and CPTAC database were used to analyze the transcriptional and promoter methylation levels and protein expressions of UBE2S in HCC. Specific expression patterns of UBE2S, intercellular communication and key transcription factors in different cell types were analyzed based on single-cell sequencing data from TISCH website. We further examined UBE2S expressions in clinical samples of HCC tissues, HCC cells and T cells using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. We also tested the effects of UBE2S knockdown on stemness of HCC-LM3 and HepG2 cells using clone formation experiments and sphere formation assay. RESULTS Analysis based on TCGA database suggested significant overexpression of UBE2S in both paired and non-paired tumor tissues (P < 0.001), and its transcriptional level increased with tumor grades. The methylation level of UBE2S promoter was significantly decreased in HCC (P < 0.001), and its transcription level increased obviously in HCC with TP53 mutation (P < 0.001). Analysis of CPTAC database also demonstrated overexpression of UBE2S protein in HCC tissues (P < 0.001). Three prognostic models suggested that HCC patients with high UBE2S expression had poorer prognosis (P < 0.001). Single-cell sequencing data analysis revealed high expressions of UBE2S in T cells and high intensities of interaction between endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts in HCC microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated high UBE2S expressions in clinical samples of HCC tissues, HCC cells and T cells. In HCC-LM3 and HepG2 cells, UBE2S knockdown significantly inhibited cell clone formation and tumor sphere formation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION UBE2S is highly expressed in T cells in HCC microenvironment in close correlation with a poor prognosis. High UBE2S expression promotes the stemness of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 浩 陈
- 暨南大学临床医学博士后流动站,广东 广州 510632Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- 右江民族医学院研究生学院,广西 百色 533000Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
- 皖南医学院病理解剖学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 振汉 李
- 皖南医学院临床医学院,安徽 芜湖 241002School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 明婷 王
- 南京市第一医院产科,江苏 南京 210006Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - 林明 卢
- 皖南医学院病理解剖学教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 乾利 唐
- 右江民族医学院研究生学院,广西 百色 533000Graduate School, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - 良平 罗
- 暨南大学临床医学博士后流动站,广东 广州 510632Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Sun SM, Zhao BW, Li YY, Liu HY, Xu YH, Yang XM, Guo JN, Ouyang YC, Weng CJ, Guan YC, Sun QY, Wang ZB. Loss of UBE2S causes meiosis I arrest with normal spindle assembly checkpoint dynamics in mouse oocytes. Development 2024; 151:dev202285. [PMID: 38546043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The timely degradation of proteins that regulate the cell cycle is essential for oocyte maturation. Oocytes are equipped to degrade proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In meiosis, anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin-ligase, is responsible for the degradation of proteins. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 S (UBE2S), an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, delivers ubiquitin to APC/C. APC/C has been extensively studied, but the functions of UBE2S in oocyte maturation and mouse fertility are not clear. In this study, we used Ube2s knockout mice to explore the role of UBE2S in mouse oocytes. Ube2s-deleted oocytes were characterized by meiosis I arrest with normal spindle assembly and spindle assembly checkpoint dynamics. However, the absence of UBE2S affected the activity of APC/C. Cyclin B1 and securin are two substrates of APC/C, and their levels were consistently high, resulting in the failure of homologous chromosome separation. Unexpectedly, the oocytes arrested in meiosis I could be fertilized and the embryos could become implanted normally, but died before embryonic day 10.5. In conclusion, our findings reveal an indispensable regulatory role of UBE2S in mouse oocyte meiosis and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing-Wang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Ni Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yi-Chun Guan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Gliech CR, Yeow ZY, Tapias-Gomez D, Yang Y, Huang Z, Tijhuis AE, Spierings DC, Foijer F, Chung G, Tamayo N, Bahrami-Nejad Z, Collins P, Nguyen TT, Plata Stapper A, Hughes PE, Payton M, Holland AJ. Weakened APC/C activity at mitotic exit drives cancer vulnerability to KIF18A inhibition. EMBO J 2024; 43:666-694. [PMID: 38279026 PMCID: PMC10907621 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current antimitotic cancer drugs is limited by toxicity in highly proliferative healthy tissues. A cancer-specific dependency on the microtubule motor protein KIF18A therefore makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Not all cancers require KIF18A, however, and the determinants underlying this distinction remain unclear. Here, we show that KIF18A inhibition drives a modest and widespread increase in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling from kinetochores which can result in lethal mitotic delays. Whether cells arrest in mitosis depends on the robustness of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and cells predisposed with weak basal anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity and/or persistent SAC signaling through metaphase are uniquely sensitive to KIF18A inhibition. KIF18A-dependent cancer cells exhibit hallmarks of this SAC:APC/C imbalance, including a long metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and slow mitosis overall. Together, our data reveal vulnerabilities in the cell division apparatus of cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Gliech
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Tapias-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andréa E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Nuria Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | | | - Patrick Collins
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Andres Plata Stapper
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Lou X, Zhang L. Diverse roles of UBE2S in cancer and therapy resistance: Biological functions and mechanisms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24465. [PMID: 38312603 PMCID: PMC10834827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme E2 S (UBE2S), was initially identified as a crucial member in controlling substrate ubiquitination during the late promotion of the complex's function. In recent years, UBE2S has emerged as a significant epigenetic modification in various diseases, including myocardial ischemia, viral hepatitis, and notably, cancer. Mounting evidence suggests that UBE2S plays a pivotal role in several human malignancies including breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and etc. However, a comprehensive review of UBE2S in human tumor research remains absent. Therefore, this paper aims to fill this gap. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural characteristics of UBE2S and its potential utility as a biomarker in diverse cancer types. Additionally, the role of UBE2S in conferring resistance to tumor treatment is examined. The findings suggest that UBE2S holds promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in multiple malignancies, thereby offering novel avenues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zidi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 7 Weiwu Street, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xueling Lou
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lindong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 7 Rehabilitation Front Street, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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Bodrug T, Welsh KA, Bolhuis DL, Paulаkonis E, Martinez-Chacin RC, Liu B, Pinkin N, Bonacci T, Cui L, Xu P, Roscow O, Amann SJ, Grishkovskaya I, Emanuele MJ, Harrison JS, Steimel JP, Hahn KM, Zhang W, Zhong ED, Haselbach D, Brown NG. Time-resolved cryo-EM (TR-EM) analysis of substrate polyubiquitination by the RING E3 anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1663-1674. [PMID: 37735619 PMCID: PMC10643132 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Substrate polyubiquitination drives a myriad of cellular processes, including the cell cycle, apoptosis and immune responses. Polyubiquitination is highly dynamic, and obtaining mechanistic insight has thus far required artificially trapped structures to stabilize specific steps along the enzymatic process. So far, how any ubiquitin ligase builds a proteasomal degradation signal, which is canonically regarded as four or more ubiquitins, remains unclear. Here we present time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy studies of the 1.2 MDa E3 ubiquitin ligase, known as the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and its E2 co-enzymes (UBE2C/UBCH10 and UBE2S) during substrate polyubiquitination. Using cryoDRGN (Deep Reconstructing Generative Networks), a neural network-based approach, we reconstruct the conformational changes undergone by the human APC/C during polyubiquitination, directly visualize an active E3-E2 pair modifying its substrate, and identify unexpected interactions between multiple ubiquitins with parts of the APC/C machinery, including its coactivator CDH1. Together, we demonstrate how modification of substrates with nascent ubiquitin chains helps to potentiate processive substrate polyubiquitination, allowing us to model how a ubiquitin ligase builds a proteasomal degradation signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ethan Paulаkonis
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raquel C Martinez-Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Pinkin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengning Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Olivia Roscow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sascha Josef Amann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Grishkovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph S Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Joshua P Steimel
- School of Engineering, California Polytechnic State University Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ellen D Zhong
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jiang Y, Ni S, Xiao B, Jia L. Function, mechanism and drug discovery of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modification with multiomics profiling for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4341-4372. [PMID: 37969742 PMCID: PMC10638515 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) pathways are critical post-translational modifications that determine whether functional proteins are degraded or activated/inactivated. To date, >600 associated enzymes have been reported that comprise a hierarchical task network (e.g., E1-E2-E3 cascade enzymatic reaction and deubiquitination) to modulate substrates, including enormous oncoproteins and tumor-suppressive proteins. Several strategies, such as classical biochemical approaches, multiomics, and clinical sample analysis, were combined to elucidate the functional relations between these enzymes and tumors. In this regard, the fundamental advances and follow-on drug discoveries have been crucial in providing vital information concerning contemporary translational efforts to tailor individualized treatment by targeting Ub and Ubl pathways. Correspondingly, emphasizing the current progress of Ub-related pathways as therapeutic targets in cancer is deemed essential. In the present review, we summarize and discuss the functions, clinical significance, and regulatory mechanisms of Ub and Ubl pathways in tumorigenesis as well as the current progress of small-molecular drug discovery. In particular, multiomics analyses were integrated to delineate the complexity of Ub and Ubl modifications for cancer therapy. The present review will provide a focused and up-to-date overview for the researchers to pursue further studies regarding the Ub and Ubl pathways targeted anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Biying Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijun Jia
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Wu J, Xu X, Wu S, Shi W, Zhang G, Cao Y, Wang Z, Wu J, Jiang C. UBE2S promotes malignant properties via VHL/HIF-1α and VHL/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways and decreases sensitivity to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18078-18097. [PMID: 37563971 PMCID: PMC10523983 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), an E2 enzyme, is associated with the development of various tumors and exerts oncogenic activities. UBE2S is overexpressed in tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the key molecular mechanisms of UBE2S in HCC still need additional research. The aim of this study was to explore the role of UBE2S in HCC. METHODS The expression levels of UBE2S in HCC tissues and cells were detected by western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, wound healing assay, colony formation assay transwell assay, and animal models were used to detect the proliferation and migration ability of HCC cells. Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, small-interfering RNA (siRNA), and plasmid transfection and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed to detect the interaction among UBE2S, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), Janus kinase-2 (JAK2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). RESULTS In this study, we found that high UBE2S expression was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. In addition, UBE2S expression was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of UBE2S inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo by directly interacting with VHL to downregulate the HIF-1α and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Accordingly, overexpression of UBE2S significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of HCC cells in vitro via VHL to upregulate HIF-1α and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of UBE2S expression enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION UBE2S enhances malignant properties via the VHL/HIF-1α and VHL/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways and reduces sensitivity to sorafenib in HCC. The findings of this study may open a new approach for HCC diagnosis and provide a potential option for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinanShandongChina
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine and RehabilitationJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsuChina
| | - Weiwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Guang Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yin Cao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinanShandongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryShounuo City Light West BlockJinanShandongChina
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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10
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Gong D, Rao X, Min Z, Liu X, Xin H, Zhou P, Yang L, Li D. UBE2S targets RPL26 for ubiquitination and degradation to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression via regulating c-Myc. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3705-3720. [PMID: 37693154 PMCID: PMC10492117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown that E2 conjugating enzyme family are dysregulated in various cancers and associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. In present study, we screened and confirmed that UBE2S is one of the E2 conjugating enzymes highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it plays an oncogenic role by enhancing cell proliferation, migration and stemness in vitro. Using immunoprecipitation technology combined with mass spectrometry assay, we identified ribosomal protein RPL26 as the substrate protein of UBE2S in NSCLC. At the molecular level, overexpression of UBE2S accelerated the ubiquitination and degradation of RPL26, thus upregulating c-Myc to enhance the progression of NSCLC. In addition, the results of a xenograft experiment showed that inhibiting UBE2S could suppress RPL26-c-Myc mediated NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Our data provided mechanistic evidence supporting the existence of a novel UBE2S-RPL26-c-Myc axis and its critical contribution to progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalian Gong
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Xinxu Rao
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqian Min
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Xin
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Peijun Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Life Science, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangsha 410012, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan UniversityShenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
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11
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Yalçin Z, Koot D, Bezstarosti K, Salas-Lloret D, Bleijerveld OB, Boersma V, Falcone M, González-Prieto R, Altelaar M, Demmers JAA, Jacobs JJL. Ubiquitinome profiling reveals in vivo UBE2D3 targets and implicates UBE2D3 in protein quality control. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100548. [PMID: 37059365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination has crucial roles in many cellular processes and dysregulation of ubiquitin machinery enzymes can result in various forms of pathogenesis. Cells only have a limited set of ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes to support the ubiquitination of many cellular targets. As individual E2 enzymes have many different substrates and interactions between E2 enzymes and their substrates can be transient, it is challenging to define all in vivo substrates of an individual E2 and the cellular processes it affects. Particularly challenging in this respect is UBE2D3, an E2 enzyme with promiscuous activity in vitro but less defined roles in vivo. Here, we set out to identify in vivo targets of UBE2D3 by using SILAC-based and label-free quantitative ubiquitin diGly proteomics to study global proteome and ubiquitinome changes associated with UBE2D3 depletion. UBE2D3 depletion changed the global proteome, with the levels of proteins from metabolic pathways, in particular retinol metabolism, being the most affected. However, the impact of UBE2D3 depletion on the ubiquitinome was much more prominent. Interestingly, molecular pathways related to mRNA translation were the most affected. Indeed, we find that ubiquitination of the ribosomal proteins RPS10 and RPS20, critical for ribosome-associated protein quality control (RQC), is dependent on UBE2D3. We show by TULIP2 methodology that RPS10 and RPS20 are direct targets of UBE2D3 and demonstrate that UBE2D3's catalytic activity is required to ubiquitinate RPS10 in vivo. In addition, our data suggest that UBE2D3 acts at multiple levels in autophagic protein quality control (PQC). Collectively, our findings show that depletion of an E2 enzyme in combination with quantitative diGly-based ubiquitinome profiling is a powerful tool to identify new in vivo E2 substrates, as we have done here for UBE2D3. Our work provides an important resource for further studies on the in vivo functions of UBE2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Yalçin
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Koot
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Salas-Lloret
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Boersma
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Falcone
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Genome Proteomics Laboratory, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, and Netherlands Proteomics Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Lei X, Hu X, Lu Q, Fu W, Sun W, Ma Q, Huang D, Xu Q. Ubiquitin‑conjugating enzymes as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for digestive system cancers (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 49:63. [PMID: 36799184 PMCID: PMC9944987 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are the leading cause of cancer‑related death worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. The current treatment methods include surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and endoscopic treatment, and the precisely targeted therapy of digestive system cancers requires to be further studied. The ubiquitin‑proteasome system is the main pathway for protein degradation in cells and the ubiquitin‑conjugating enzymes (E2s) have a decisive role in the specific selection of target proteins for degradation. The E2s have an important physiological role in digestive system cancers, which is related to the clinical tumor stage, differentiation degree and poor prognosis. Furthermore, they are involved in the physiological processes of digestive system tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, drug resistance and autophagy. In the present article, the progress and achievements of the E2s in gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed, which may provide early screening indicators and reliable therapeutic targets for digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Lei
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiliang Lu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- Second Clinical Medical Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Qiancheng Ma
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Dongsheng Huang or Dr Qiuran Xu, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Dongsheng Huang or Dr Qiuran Xu, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China, E-mail:
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13
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Jeong SM, Bui QT, Kwak M, Lee JY, Lee PCW. Targeting Cdc20 for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Lou Y, Ye M, Xu C, Tao F. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of USP44, a potential tumor target (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:455. [PMID: 36380875 PMCID: PMC9650596 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 44 (USP44) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) family and its functions in various biological processes have been gradually elucidated in recent years. USP44 targets multiple downstream factors and regulates multiple mechanisms through its deubiquitination activity. Ubiquitination is, in essence, a process in which a single ubiquitin molecule or a multiubiquitin chain binds to a substrate protein to form an isopeptide bond. Deubiquitination is the catalyzing of the isopeptide bonds between ubiquitin and substrate proteins through deubiquitylating enzymes. These two processes serve an important role in the regulation of the expression, conformation, localization and function of substrate proteins by regulating their binding to ubiquitin. Based on existing research, this paper summarized the current state of knowledge about USP44. The physiological roles of USP44 in various cellular events and its pathophysiological roles in different cancer types are evaluated and the therapeutic potential of USP44 for cancer treatment is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Ye
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China,Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Chaoyang Xu, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China,Professor Feng Tao, Department of Stomach and Intestine Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 568 Zhongxing North Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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15
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Vriend J, Thanasupawat T, Sinha N, Klonisch T. Ubiquitin Proteasome Gene Signatures in Ependymoma Molecular Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012330. [PMID: 36293188 PMCID: PMC9604155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is critically important for cellular homeostasis and affects virtually all key functions in normal and neoplastic cells. Currently, a comprehensive review of the role of the UPS in ependymoma (EPN) brain tumors is lacking but may provide valuable new information on cellular networks specific to different EPN subtypes and reveal future therapeutic targets. We have reviewed publicly available EPN gene transcription datasets encoding components of the UPS pathway. Reactome analysis of these data revealed genes and pathways that were able to distinguish different EPN subtypes with high significance. We identified differential transcription of several genes encoding ubiquitin E2 conjugases associated with EPN subtypes. The expression of the E2 conjugase genes UBE2C, UBE2S, and UBE2I was elevated in the ST_EPN_RELA subtype. The UBE2C and UBE2S enzymes are associated with the ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC/c), which regulates the degradation of substrates associated with cell cycle progression, whereas UBE2I is a Sumo-conjugating enzyme. Additionally, elevated in ST_EPN_RELA were genes for the E3 ligase and histone deacetylase HDAC4 and the F-box cullin ring ligase adaptor FBX031. Cluster analysis demonstrated several genes encoding E3 ligases and their substrate adaptors as EPN subtype specific genetic markers. The most significant Reactome Pathways associated with differentially expressed genes for E3 ligases and their adaptors included antigen presentation, neddylation, sumoylation, and the APC/c complex. Our analysis provides several UPS associated factors that may be attractive markers and future therapeutic targets for the subtype-specific treatment of EPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3732
| | - Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Namita Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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16
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Zhao R, Yu Z, Mao X, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Knockout of UBE2S inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induces apoptosis by FAS-mediated death receptor pathway. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113293. [PMID: 35863455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin binding enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin binding enzyme family involved in a variety of biological functions, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and regulation of the ubiquitination of proteins, which are closely correlated with the development of various tumors. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that UBE2S was upregulated in GC tissues and cells. Further, its high expression positively correlated with the tumor stage and indicated a poor prognosis. Knockout of UBE2S by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated strategy suppressed the growth of GC in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics analysis was performed for exploring the underlying mechanism. The multi-omics and verification results showed that UBE2S knockout-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of GC cells was related to upregulation of FAS and the activation of the FAS-mediated apoptotic pathway. Moreover, a negative correlation between UBE2S and FAS expression was observed in GC tissue samples. Finally, the ubiquitination assay confirmed that knockout of UBE2S might activate endogenous FAS by inhibiting ubiquitination and degradation of p53 in GC cells. Collectively, UBE2S is expected to be a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaorong Mao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Diseases of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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17
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Wang J, Zhou Q, Ding J, Yin T, Ye P, Zhang Y. The Conceivable Functions of Protein Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Reproduction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886261. [PMID: 35910557 PMCID: PMC9326170 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination with general existence in virtually all eukaryotic cells serves as a significant post-translational modification of cellular proteins, which leads to the degradation of proteins via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can reverse the ubiquitination effect by removing the ubiquitin chain from the target protein. Together, these two processes participate in regulating protein stability, function, and localization, thus modulating cell cycle, DNA repair, autophagy, and transcription regulation. Accumulating evidence indicates that the ubiquitination/deubiquitination system regulates reproductive processes, including the cell cycle, oocyte maturation, oocyte-sperm binding, and early embryonic development, primarily by regulating protein stability. This review summarizes the extensive research concerning the role of ubiquitin and DUBs in gametogenesis and early embryonic development, which helps us to understand human pregnancy further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tailang Yin, ; Peng Ye, ; Yan Zhang,
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tailang Yin, ; Peng Ye, ; Yan Zhang,
| | - Yan Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Tailang Yin, ; Peng Ye, ; Yan Zhang,
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Zhang CY, Yang M. Functions of three ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:956-971. [PMID: 35721293 PMCID: PMC9157709 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer ranks the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The survival time for HCC patients is very limited by years due to the lack of efficient treatment, failure of early diagnosis, and poor prognosis. Ubiquitination plays an essential role in the biochemical processes of a variety of cellular functions.
AIM To investigate three ubiquitination-associated genes in HCC.
METHODS Herein, the expression levels of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes 2 (UBE2) including UBE2C, UBE2T, and UBE2S in tumor samples of HCC patients and non-tumor controls at the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, was comprehensively analyzed. The relationship of UBE2 gene expression level with cancer stage, prognostic outcome, and TP53 mutant status was studied.
RESULTS Our results showed that UBE2C, UBE2T, and UBE2S genes were overexpressed in HCC samples compared to non-tumor tissues. Dependent on the cancer progression stage, three UBE2 genes showed higher expression in tumor tissues at all four stages compared to non-tumor control samples. Furthermore, a significantly higher expression of these genes was found in stage 2 and stage 3 cancers compared to stage 1 cancer. Additionally, overexpression of those genes was negatively associated with prognostic outcome and overall survival time. Patients with TP53 mutation showed a higher expression level of three UBE2 genes, indicating an association between UBE2 expression with p53 function.
CONCLUSION In summary, this study shed light on the potential roles of UBE2C, UBE2T, UBE2S on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HCC. Moreover, based on our findings, it is appealing to further explore the correlation of those genes with TP53 mutation in HCC and the related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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19
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Functions of three ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis. World J Hepatol 2022. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i5.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Bolhuis DL, Martinez‐Chacin RC, Welsh KA, Bodrug T, Cui L, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Examining the mechanistic relationship of
APC
/
C
CDH1
and its interphase inhibitor
EMI1. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4324. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek L. Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raquel C. Martinez‐Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kaeli A. Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Michael J. Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Nicholas G. Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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21
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Assembly and function of branched ubiquitin chains. Trends Biochem Sci 2022; 47:759-771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Welsh KA, Bolhuis DL, Nederstigt AE, Boyer J, Temple BRS, Bonacci T, Gu L, Ordureau A, Harper JW, Steimel JP, Zhang Q, Emanuele MJ, Harrison JS, Brown NG. Functional conservation and divergence of the helix-turn-helix motif of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108823. [PMID: 34942047 PMCID: PMC8804933 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyubiquitination by E2 and E3 enzymes is crucial to cell cycle control, epigenetic regulation, and development. The hallmark of the E2 family is the ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating (UBC) domain that forms a dynamic thioester conjugate with ubiquitin (E2~Ub). Numerous studies have focused on E2 surfaces, such as the N-terminal and crossover helices, that directly interact with an E3 or the conjugated ubiquitin to stabilize the active, "closed" state of the E2~Ub. However, it remains unclear how other E2 surfaces regulate ubiquitin transfer. Here, we demonstrate the helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif of the UBC tunes the intrinsic polyubiquitination activity through distinct functions in different E2s. Interestingly, the E2HTH motif is repurposed in UBE2S and UBE2R2 to interact with the conjugated or acceptor ubiquitin, respectively, modulating ubiquitin transfer. Furthermore, we propose that Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome binding to the UBE2SHTH reduces the conformational space of the flexible E2~Ub, demonstrating an atypical E3-dependent activation mechanism. Altogether, we postulate the E2HTH motif evolved to provide new functionalities that can be harnessed by E3s and permits additional regulation to facilitate specific E2-E3-mediated polyubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Derek L Bolhuis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Joshua Boyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Brenda R S Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- R L Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core FacilityUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Thomas Bonacci
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Li Gu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of the PacificStocktonCAUSA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell BiologyBlavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Cell Biology ProgramSloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell BiologyBlavatnik Institute of Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Joshua P Steimel
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of the PacificStocktonCAUSA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | | | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
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23
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Ferguson CJ, Urso O, Bodrug T, Gassaway BM, Watson ER, Prabu JR, Lara-Gonzalez P, Martinez-Chacin RC, Wu DY, Brigatti KW, Puffenberger EG, Taylor CM, Haas-Givler B, Jinks RN, Strauss KA, Desai A, Gabel HW, Gygi SP, Schulman BA, Brown NG, Bonni A. APC7 mediates ubiquitin signaling in constitutive heterochromatin in the developing mammalian brain. Mol Cell 2022; 82:90-105.e13. [PMID: 34942119 PMCID: PMC8741739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders provide insights into mechanisms of human brain development. Here, we report an intellectual disability syndrome caused by the loss of APC7, a core component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex (APC). In mechanistic studies, we uncover a critical role for APC7 during the recruitment and ubiquitination of APC substrates. In proteomics analyses of the brain from mice harboring the patient-specific APC7 mutation, we identify the chromatin-associated protein Ki-67 as an APC7-dependent substrate of the APC in neurons. Conditional knockout of the APC coactivator protein Cdh1, but not Cdc20, leads to the accumulation of Ki-67 protein in neurons in vivo, suggesting that APC7 is required for the function of Cdh1-APC in the brain. Deregulated neuronal Ki-67 upon APC7 loss localizes predominantly to constitutive heterochromatin. Our findings define an essential function for APC7 and Cdh1-APC in neuronal heterochromatin regulation, with implications for understanding human brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole J Ferguson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Neuropathology Division, Physician-Scientist Training Program, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Olivia Urso
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Raquel C Martinez-Chacin
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis Y Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Cora M Taylor
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Barbara Haas-Givler
- Geisinger Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
| | | | - Arshad Desai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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24
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Arsenault HE, Ghizzoni JM, Leech CM, Diers AR, Gesta S, Vishnudas VK, Narain NR, Sarangarajan R, Benanti JA. Ubc1 turnover contributes to the spindle assembly checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab346. [PMID: 34586382 PMCID: PMC8664427 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint protects the integrity of the genome by ensuring that chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle before they are segregated during anaphase. Activation of the spindle checkpoint results in inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that triggers the metaphase-anaphase transition. Here, we show that levels of Ubc1, an E2 enzyme that functions in complex with the APC, modulate the response to spindle checkpoint activation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of Ubc1 increased resistance to microtubule poisons, whereas Ubc1 shut-off sensitized cells. We also found that Ubc1 levels are regulated by the spindle checkpoint. Checkpoint activation or direct APC inhibition led to a decrease in Ubc1 levels, charging, and half-life. Additionally, stabilization of Ubc1 prevented its down-regulation by the spindle checkpoint and increased resistance to checkpoint-activating drugs. These results suggest that down-regulation of Ubc1 in response to spindle checkpoint signaling is necessary for a robust cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Julie M Ghizzoni
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Cassandra M Leech
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer A Benanti
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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25
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Yang J, Li Y, Han Y, Feng Y, Zhou M, Zong C, He X, Jia R, Xu X, Fan J. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals intratumoural heterogeneity and malignant progression in retinoblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1100. [PMID: 34815392 PMCID: PMC8611004 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a childhood retinal tumour that is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumour. However, it has been challenging to identify the cell types associated with genetic complexity. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 14,739 cells from two retinoblastoma samples to delineate the heterogeneity and the underlying mechanism of retinoblastoma progression. Using a multiresolution network-based analysis, we identified two major cell types in human retinoblastoma. Cell trajectory analysis yielded a total of 5 cell states organized into two main branches, and the cell cycle-associated cone precursors were the cells of origin of retinoblastoma that were required for initiating the differentiation and malignancy process of retinoblastoma. Tumour cells differentiation reprogramming trajectory analysis revealed that cell-type components of multiple tumour-related pathways and predominantly expressed UBE2C were associated with an activation state in the malignant progression of the tumour, providing a potential novel "switch gene" marker during early critical stages in human retinoblastoma development. Thus, our findings improve our current understanding of the mechanism of retinoblastoma progression and are potentially valuable in providing novel prognostic markers for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongyun Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Han
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Zong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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26
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Gui L, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Kong L. UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:357. [PMID: 34785642 PMCID: PMC8595659 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gui
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Sicai Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yongzi Xu
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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27
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UBE2S exerts oncogenic activities in urinary bladder cancer by ubiquitinating TSC1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 578:7-14. [PMID: 34520980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), an important E2 enzyme in the process of ubiquitination, has exhibited oncogenic activities in various malignant tumors. However, it remains unknown whether UBE2S plays a role in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) development. In the current study, our data confirmed UBE2S upregulation in UBC. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that UBE2S knockdown resulted in attenuated proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, which was inverse to the phenotypes with UBE2S overexpression. Gain and loss of function assays confirmed that UBE2S exerts oncogenic activities in UBC by mediating the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Furthermore, we discovered that this UBE2S-modulated carcinogenic mechanism was in the consequence of directly targeting tuberous sclerosis 1 (TSC1), which is the upstream inhibitor of mTOR signaling for ubiquitous degradation. Taken together, this study demonstrated that UBE2S is a carcinogen in UBC and promotes UBC progression by ubiquitously degrading TSC1. This consequently mediates the activation of the mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic regimen for UBC by targeting the newly identified UBE2S/TSC1/mTOR axis.
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28
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Cao L, Wang S, Zhao L, Qin Y, Wang H, Cheng Y. The Inactivation of Arabidopsis UBC22 Results in Abnormal Chromosome Segregation in Female Meiosis, but Not in Male Meiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112418. [PMID: 34834780 PMCID: PMC8625819 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is important for the regulation of meiosis in eukaryotes, including plants. However, little is known about the involvement of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes in plant meiosis. Arabidopsis UBC22 is a unique E2 enzyme, able to catalyze the formation of ubiquitin dimers through lysine 11 (K11). Previous work has shown that ubc22 mutants are defective in megasporogenesis, with most ovules having no or abnormally functioning megaspores; furthermore, some mutant plants show distinct phenotypes in vegetative growth. In this study, we showed that chromosome segregation and callose deposition were abnormal in mutant female meiosis while male meiosis was not affected. The meiotic recombinase DMC1, required for homologous chromosome recombination, showed a dispersed distribution in mutant female meiocytes compared to the presence of strong foci in WT female meiocytes. Based on an analysis of F1 plants produced from crosses using a mutant as the female parent, about 24% of female mutant gametes had an abnormal content of DNA, resulting in frequent aneuploids among the mutant plants. These results show that UBC22 is critical for normal chromosome segregation in female meiosis but not for male meiosis, and they provide important leads for studying the role of UBC22 and K11-linked ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Lihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.C.); (L.Z.); (Y.Q.)
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29
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Lai E, Tai Y, Jiang J, Zhao C, Xiao Y, Quan X, Wu H, Gao J. Prognostic evaluation and immune infiltration analysis of five bioinformatic selected genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11128-11141. [PMID: 34726341 PMCID: PMC8650024 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment in recent years, the therapeutic outcome of HCC remains unfavourable. This study examines the prognosis of HCC from a genetic level using clinical databases and single‐cell data to identify genes with a high prognostic value. Three up‐regulated genes (UBE2S, PTTG1, and CDC20) and two down‐regulated genes (SOCS2 and DNASE1L3) in HCC tissues were identified. Various analyses confirmed its correlation with tumour stage (p < 0.01) and patient survival time (log‐rank p < 0.001). Immune analysis, single‐cell analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to provide insight on how they affect cancer progression, and we observed a close relation between these genes and tumour immune infiltration. Eventually, we constructed a risk score system that risk score = (0.0465) × UBE2S + (0.1851) × CDC20 + (−0.0461) × DNASE1L3 + (−0.2279) × SOCS2 (5‐year area under curve = 0.706). The risk score system may serve as an effective novel prognostic system for HCC patients. This study might provide novel ideas for prognostic or therapeutic biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjiang Lai
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Tai
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingsun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Quan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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30
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Wang T, Chen X, Jing F, Li Z, Tan H, Luo Y, Shi H. Identifying the hub genes in non-small cell lung cancer by integrated bioinformatics methods and analyzing the prognostic values. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153654. [PMID: 34749208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer, a malignant tumor, has the highest mortality and second most common morbidity worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify the gene signature associated with the NSCLC prognosis using bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dataset GSE103512 was utilized to construct co-expression networks using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed using Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to ascertain the function of the hub genes more accurately. The relationship between the hub genes and immune infiltration was investigated using a single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Hub genes were screened and validated by other datasets and online websites. RESULTS The results of WGCNA demonstrated that the blue module was most significantly related to tumor progression in NSCLC. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the blue module was associated with DNA replication, cell division, mitotic nuclear division, and cell cycle. A total of five hub genes (RFC5, UBE2S, CHAF1A, FANCI, and TMEM194A) were chosen to be identified and validated at transcriptional and translational levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve verified that the mRNA levels of these five genes can excellently discriminate between normal and tumor tissues. Survival analysis was also performed. Additionally, the protein levels of these five genes were also significantly different between tumor and normal tissues. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expression levels of the hub genes had a negative correlation with the infiltration levels of many cells related to innate immune response, antigen-presenting process, humoral immune response, or T cell-mediated immune responses. CONCLUSIONS We identified five hub genes associated with the NSCLC tumorigenesis. NSCLC patients with higher expressions of each hub gene had a worse prognosis than those with lower expressions. Moreover, the hub genes might serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for precise diagnosis, target therapy, and immunotherapy of NSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Fangqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehua Li
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaicheng Tan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiqiao Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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31
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Hu W, Li M, Chen Y, Gu X. UBE2S promotes the progression and Olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34535173 PMCID: PMC8447717 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Olaparib, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), is becoming widely used in ovarian cancer treatment. The overall survival of ovarian cancer has not been significantly changed over the past decades and ovarian cancer has become increasingly resistant to the Olaparib. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) has been proved to promote malignant behaviors in many cancers. However, the function of UBE2S in the development and Olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we detected the expression of UBE2S in normal fallopian tube (FT) and HGSOC tissues. A2780 and SKOV3 cells were stably transfected with PCMV-UBE2S, PCMV-UBE2S-C95S, UBE2S shRNAs, and negative controls. The CCK8 assay and clonogenic assay were conducted to analyze ovarian cancer proliferation and Olaparib resistance. The transwell assay was performed to determine the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. The relative protein levels of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were tested using western blot. The ovarian cancer cells were treated with XAV-939 to investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in Olaparib resistance. Moreover, we repeated some above procedures in the xenograft model. RESULTS The results demonstrated that UBE2S was highly upregulated in HGSOC and that high UBE2S expression was correlated with poor outcomes in HGSOC. UBE2S promoted ovarian cancer proliferation and drived the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. UBE2S activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ovarian cancer resulting in Olaparib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, UBE2S enhanced the proliferation and Olaparib resistance of ovarian cancer in its enzymatic activity dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a possible molecular mechanism of proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer and highlight the potential role of UBE2S as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hu
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Room, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Ultrasound Department, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xinxian Gu
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis Room, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Ultrasound Department, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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32
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Zhang S, Shen Y, Li H, Bi C, Sun Y, Xiong X, Wei W, Sun Y. The Negative Cross-Talk between SAG/RBX2/ROC2 and APC/C E3 Ligases in Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression and Drug Resistance. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108102. [PMID: 32905768 PMCID: PMC7505520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a well-characterized E3 ligase that couples with UBE2C and UBE2S E2s for substrate ubiquitylation by the K11 linkage. Our recent data show that SAG/RBX2/ROC2, a RING component of Cullin-RING E3 ligase, also complexes with these E2s for K11-linked substrate polyubiquitylation. Whether these two E3s cross-talk with each other was previously unknown. Here, we report that SAG competes with APC2 for UBE2C/UBE2S binding to act as a potential endogenous inhibitor of APC/C, thereby regulating the G2-to-M progression. As such, SAG knockdown triggers premature activation of APC/C, leading to mitotic slippage and resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. On the other hand, SAG itself is a substrate of APC/CCDH1 for targeted degradation at the G1 phase. The degradation-resistant mutant of SAG-R98A/L101A accelerates the G1-to-S progression. Our study reveals that the negative cross-talk between SAG and APC/C is likely a mechanism to ensure the fidelity of cell cycle progression. Zhang et al. provide a mechanistic insight of how negative cross-talk between E3 ligases SAG and APC/C ensures proper cell cycle progression. SAG knockdown prematurely activates APC/C to promote mitotic progression and trigger anti-microtubule drugs resistance, whereas SAG degradation by APC/CCDH1 mainly occurs in G1 phase for proper G1-to-S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yanwen Shen
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Hua Li
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Bi
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Yilun Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, 4424B MS-1, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiufang Xiong
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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33
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Bodrug T, Welsh KA, Hinkle M, Emanuele MJ, Brown NG. Intricate Regulatory Mechanisms of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome and Its Role in Chromatin Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687515. [PMID: 34109183 PMCID: PMC8182066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system is vital to nearly every biological process in eukaryotes. Specifically, the conjugation of Ub to target proteins by Ub ligases, such as the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), is paramount for cell cycle transitions as it leads to the irreversible destruction of cell cycle regulators by the proteasome. Through this activity, the RING Ub ligase APC/C governs mitosis, G1, and numerous aspects of neurobiology. Pioneering cryo-EM, biochemical reconstitution, and cell-based studies have illuminated many aspects of the conformational dynamics of this large, multi-subunit complex and the sophisticated regulation of APC/C function. More recent studies have revealed new mechanisms that selectively dictate APC/C activity and explore additional pathways that are controlled by APC/C-mediated ubiquitination, including an intimate relationship with chromatin regulation. These tasks go beyond the traditional cell cycle role historically ascribed to the APC/C. Here, we review these novel findings, examine the mechanistic implications of APC/C regulation, and discuss the role of the APC/C in previously unappreciated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Bodrug
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kaeli A Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Megan Hinkle
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas G Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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34
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Zhang RY, Liu ZK, Wei D, Yong YL, Lin P, Li H, Liu M, Zheng NS, Liu K, Hu CX, Yang XZ, Chen ZN, Bian H. UBE2S interacting with TRIM28 in the nucleus accelerates cell cycle by ubiquitination of p27 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 33589597 PMCID: PMC7884418 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing analysis of tumors provides potential molecular therapeutic targets for precision medicine. However, identifying a key driver gene or mutation that can be used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment remains difficult. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing on genomic DNA obtained from six pairs of HCC and adjacent tissues and identified two novel somatic mutations of UBE2S (p. Gly57Ala and p. Lys63Asn). Predictions of the functional effects of the mutations showed that two amino-acid substitutions were potentially deleterious. Further, we observed that wild-type UBE2S, especially in the nucleus, was significantly higher in HCC tissues than that in adjacent tissues and closely related to the clinicopathological features of patients with HCC. Functional assays revealed that overexpression of UBE2S promoted the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and G1/S phase transition of HCC cells in vitro, and promoted the tumor growth significantly in vivo. Mechanistically, UBE2S interacted with TRIM28 in the nucleus, both together enhanced the ubiquitination of p27 to facilitate its degradation and cell cycle progression. Most importantly, the small-molecule cephalomannine was found by a luciferase-based sensitive high-throughput screen (HTS) to inhibit UBE2S expression and significantly attenuate HCC progression in vitro and in vivo, which may represent a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yu Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ze-Kun Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ding Wei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Le Yong
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Man Liu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Nai-Shan Zheng
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Cai-Xia Hu
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- Oncology and Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Interventional Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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35
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In silico APC/C substrate discovery reveals cell cycle-dependent degradation of UHRF1 and other chromatin regulators. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000975. [PMID: 33306668 PMCID: PMC7758050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and critical regulator of cell cycle progression. Despite its vital role, it has remained challenging to globally map APC/C substrates. By combining orthogonal features of known substrates, we predicted APC/C substrates in silico. This analysis identified many known substrates and suggested numerous candidates. Unexpectedly, chromatin regulatory proteins are enriched among putative substrates, and we show experimentally that several chromatin proteins bind APC/C, oscillate during the cell cycle, and are degraded following APC/C activation, consistent with being direct APC/C substrates. Additional analysis revealed detailed mechanisms of ubiquitylation for UHRF1, a key chromatin regulator involved in histone ubiquitylation and DNA methylation maintenance. Disrupting UHRF1 degradation at mitotic exit accelerates G1-phase cell cycle progression and perturbs global DNA methylation patterning in the genome. We conclude that APC/C coordinates crosstalk between cell cycle and chromatin regulatory proteins. This has potential consequences in normal cell physiology, where the chromatin environment changes depending on proliferative state, as well as in disease.
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36
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Lips C, Ritterhoff T, Weber A, Janowska MK, Mustroph M, Sommer T, Klevit RE. Who with whom: functional coordination of E2 enzymes by RING E3 ligases during poly-ubiquitylation. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104863. [PMID: 33015833 PMCID: PMC7667886 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein modification with poly-ubiquitin chains is a crucial process involved in a myriad of cellular pathways. Chain synthesis requires two steps: substrate modification with ubiquitin (priming) followed by repetitive ubiquitin-to-ubiquitin attachment (elongation). RING-type E3 ligases catalyze both reactions in collaboration with specific priming and elongating E2 enzymes. We provide kinetic insight into poly-ubiquitylation during protein quality control by showing that priming is the rate-determining step in protein degradation as directed by the yeast ERAD RING E3 ligases, Hrd1 and Doa10. Doa10 cooperates with the dedicated priming E2, Ubc6, while both E3s use Ubc7 for elongation. Here, we provide direct evidence that Hrd1 uses Ubc7 also for priming. We found that Ubc6 has an unusually high basal activity that does not require strong stimulation from an E3. Doa10 exploits this property to pair with Ubc6 over Ubc7 during priming. Our work not only illuminates the mechanisms of specific E2/E3 interplay in ERAD, but also offers a basis to understand how RING E3s may have properties that are tailored to pair with their preferred E2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lips
- Max Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin‐BuchGermany
| | - Tobias Ritterhoff
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Annika Weber
- Max Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin‐BuchGermany
- Present address:
MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Maria K Janowska
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mandy Mustroph
- Max Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin‐BuchGermany
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Max Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlin‐BuchGermany
- Lady Davies Guest ProfessorTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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37
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Wang YS, Wu KP, Jiang HK, Kurkute P, Chen RH. Branched Ubiquitination: Detection Methods, Biological Functions and Chemical Synthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:E5200. [PMID: 33182242 PMCID: PMC7664869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a versatile posttranslational modification that elicits signaling roles to impact on various cellular processes and disease states. The versatility is a result of the complexity of ubiquitin conjugates, ranging from a single ubiquitin monomer to polymers with different length and linkage types. Recent studies have revealed the abundant existence of branched ubiquitin chains in which one ubiquitin molecule is connected to two or more ubiquitin moieties in the same ubiquitin polymer. Compared to the homotypic ubiquitin chain, the branched chain is recognized or processed differently by readers and erasers of the ubiquitin system, respectively, resulting in a qualitative or quantitative alteration of the functional output. Furthermore, certain types of branched ubiquitination are induced by cellular stresses, implicating their important physiological role in stress adaption. In addition, the current chemical methodologies of solid phase peptide synthesis and expanding genetic code approach have been developed to synthesize different architectures of branched ubiquitin chains. The synthesized branched ubiquitin chains have shown their significance in understanding the topologies and binding partners of the branched chains. Here, we discuss the recent progresses on the detection, functional characterization and synthesis of branched ubiquitin chains as well as the future perspectives of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yane-Shih Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-K.J.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Phon Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-K.J.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Kai Jiang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-K.J.); (P.K.)
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Kurkute
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-K.J.); (P.K.)
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-K.J.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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38
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BUBR1 Pseudokinase Domain Promotes Kinetochore PP2A-B56 Recruitment, Spindle Checkpoint Silencing, and Chromosome Alignment. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108397. [PMID: 33207204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of phospho-signaling at the outer kinetochore is critical for forming accurate attachments between kinetochores and the mitotic spindle and timely exit from mitosis. A major player in determining this balance is the PP2A-B56 phosphatase, which is recruited to the kinase attachment regulatory domain (KARD) of budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1-related 1 (BUBR1) in a phospho-dependent manner. This unleashes a rapid, switch-like phosphatase relay that reverses mitotic phosphorylation at the kinetochore, extinguishing the checkpoint and promoting anaphase. Here, we demonstrate that the C-terminal pseudokinase domain of human BUBR1 is required to promote KARD phosphorylation. Mutation or removal of the pseudokinase domain results in decreased PP2A-B56 recruitment to the outer kinetochore attenuated checkpoint silencing and errors in chromosome alignment as a result of imbalance in Aurora B activity. Our data, therefore, elucidate a function for the BUBR1 pseudokinase domain in ensuring accurate and timely exit from mitosis.
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39
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Blount JR, Johnson SL, Todi SV. Unanchored Ubiquitin Chains, Revisited. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582361. [PMID: 33195227 PMCID: PMC7659471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The small modifier protein, ubiquitin, holds a special place in eukaryotic biology because of its myriad post-translational effects that control normal cellular processes and are implicated in various diseases. By being covalently conjugated onto other proteins, ubiquitin changes their interaction landscape - fostering new interactions as well as inhibiting others - and ultimately deciding the fate of its substrates and controlling pathways that span most cell physiology. Ubiquitin can be attached onto other proteins as a monomer or as a poly-ubiquitin chain of diverse structural topologies. Among the types of poly-ubiquitin species generated are ones detached from another substrate - comprising solely ubiquitin as their constituent - referred to as unanchored, or free chains. Considered to be toxic byproducts, these species have recently emerged to have specific physiological functions in immune pathways and during cell stress. Free chains also do not appear to be detrimental to multi-cellular organisms; they can be active members of the ubiquitination process, rather than corollary species awaiting disassembly into mono-ubiquitin. Here, we summarize past and recent studies on unanchored ubiquitin chains, paying special attention to their emerging roles as second messengers in several signaling pathways. These investigations paint complex and flexible outcomes for free ubiquitin chains, and present a revised model of unanchored poly-ubiquitin biology that is in need of additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Blount
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sean L Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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40
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Liess AKL, Kucerova A, Schweimer K, Schlesinger D, Dybkov O, Urlaub H, Mansfeld J, Lorenz S. Dimerization regulates the human APC/C-associated ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2S. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaba8208. [PMID: 33082289 PMCID: PMC7613103 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
At the heart of protein ubiquitination cascades, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) form reactive ubiquitin-thioester intermediates to enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin to cellular substrates. The precise regulation of E2s is thus crucial for cellular homeostasis, and their deregulation is frequently associated with tumorigenesis. In addition to driving substrate ubiquitination together with ubiquitin ligases (E3s), many E2s can also autoubiquitinate, thereby promoting their own proteasomal turnover. To investigate the mechanisms that balance these disparate activities, we dissected the regulatory dynamics of UBE2S, a human APC/C-associated E2 that ensures the faithful ubiquitination of cell cycle regulators during mitosis. We uncovered a dimeric state of UBE2S that confers autoinhibition by blocking a catalytically critical ubiquitin binding site. Dimerization is stimulated by the lysine-rich carboxyl-terminal extension of UBE2S that is also required for the recruitment of this E2 to the APC/C and is autoubiquitinated as substrate abundance becomes limiting. Consistent with this mechanism, we found that dimerization-deficient UBE2S turned over more rapidly in cells and did not promote mitotic slippage during prolonged drug-induced mitotic arrest. We propose that dimerization attenuates the autoubiquitination-induced turnover of UBE2S when the APC/C is not fully active. More broadly, our data illustrate how the use of mutually exclusive macromolecular interfaces enables modulation of both the activities and the abundance of E2s in cells to facilitate precise ubiquitin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K L Liess
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alena Kucerova
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dörte Schlesinger
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olexandr Dybkov
- Department for Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Bioanalytics Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Mansfeld
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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41
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Fang Y, Liu D, Yang Y, Zhang H, Wu H, Jiang H, Zhao L, Zhang Z. Altered gene expression profiles of testicular tissues from azoospermic patients with maturation arrest. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13812. [PMID: 32862460 DOI: 10.1111/and.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation arrest is a common cause of male infertility which has caused worldwide concern, and its pathophysiological process remains further elucidation. Our study aimed to identify genetic characteristics of maturation arrest by comparing gene expression between maturation arrest and normal samples using microarray technology. A total of 6,373 genes were identified differentially expressed (p < .05, fold change > 2.0 or <-2.0) and 1,594 genes were selected as statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, including 419 up-regulated and 1,175 down-regulated genes. Microarray data were validated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformation analysis was performed to explore genetic function of statistically significant genes. Gene Ontology results showed the statistically significant genes enriched in sexual reproduction, spermatogenesis and male gamete generation. Reactome pathway analysis highlighted the olfactory signalling pathway, fertilisation, developmental biology, etc. One module and eight hub genes were found to be involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and may affect as indicators of spermatogenic process through protein-protein interaction analysis. Our study provided a comprehensive genetic characteristic of differential expressed genes in testicular tissues from maturation arrest patients and speculated several genes as potential indicators of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanMing Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - DeFeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianming Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Andrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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42
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Comprehensive Investigation into the Role of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2S in Melanoma Development. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:374-384. [PMID: 32603752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is involved in protein degradation and signal transduction, but its function in the development of melanoma is unclear. We focused on the role of UBE2S in melanoma development both in vitro and in vivo. UBE2S was overexpressed in malignant melanoma cells and tissues, and UBE2S expression was significantly different between tumor node metastasis staging T4 and T1/T2/T3. We designed UBE2S short hairpin RNA (shUBE2S) and transfected it into A375, SK-MEL-28, and MUM-2B cells using lentivirus. By whole-genome filtering, 247 genes and 265 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in shUBE2S-treated melanoma; these genes were mainly involved in immune reactions, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and cell movement. The proliferation of melanoma cells was inhibited, apoptosis was increased, and cell cycle was arrested in G1/S in shUBE2S-treated melanoma. Expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins was significantly suppressed, and tumor growth was also suppressed in shUBE2S BALB/C nude mice. shUBE2S treatment may cause cell cycle arrest in G1/S phase, inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress tumor growth through DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition inhibition, protein kinase B-mTOR pathway, NF-κB signaling, and immune reactions, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of UBE2S in melanoma development and the need for advanced clinical research into UBE2S.
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43
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Ubiquitin chain-elongating enzyme UBE2S activates the RING E3 ligase APC/C for substrate priming. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:550-560. [PMID: 32393902 PMCID: PMC7293561 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between E2 and E3 enzymes regulates the polyubiquitination of substrates in eukaryotes. Among the several RING-domain E3 ligases in humans, many utilize two distinct E2s for polyubiquitination. For example, the cell cycle regulatory E3, human Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), relies on UBE2C to prime substrates with ubiquitin (Ub) and UBE2S to extend polyubiquitin chains. However, the potential coordination between these steps in ubiquitin chain formation remains undefined. While numerous studies have unveiled how RING E3s stimulate individual E2s for Ub transfer, here we change perspective to describe a case where the chain-elongating E2 UBE2S feeds back and directly stimulates the E3 APC/C to promote substrate priming and subsequent multiubiquitination by UBE2C. Our work reveals an unexpected paradigm for the mechanisms of RING E3-dependent ubiquitination and for the diverse and complex interrelationship between components of the ubiquitination cascade.
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44
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Chen X, Wang C, Yang P, Shi L, Wang H. Ube2s-stabilized β-catenin protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating HIF-1α signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5716-5732. [PMID: 32250966 PMCID: PMC7185123 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is an important event for mediating the adaptive response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (Ube2s) catalyzes ubiquitin conjugation to target proteins. Here, we report the positive regulation of HIF-1α signaling by Ube2s via stabilizing β-catenin, by which Ube2s acts to protect against MI/R injury. We show that Ube2s expression is upregulated in the hearts of mice subjected to MI/R injury. Functionally, Ube2s depletion exacerbates and its overexpression ameliorates MI/R injury. In addition, Ube2s augments the activation of HIF-1α and reduces myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, Ube2s induces the accumulation of β-Catenin through increasing its stabilization. Importantly, β-Catenin knockdown abrogates Ube2s-augmented HIF-1α activation, and meanwhile, diminishes the protective effect of Ube2s on MI/R injury, thus establishing a causal link between Ube2s-stabilized β-catenin and HIF-1α-mediated myocardial protection. Altogether, this study identifies the Ube2s/β-catenin/HIF-1α axis as a novel protective regulator involved in MI/R injury, and also implies that it might represent a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chiyao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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45
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APC/C ubiquitin ligase: Functions and mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:80-91. [PMID: 32165320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C), is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex essential for cellular division due to its role in regulating the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase. In this review, we highlight recent work that has shed light on our understanding of the role of APC/C coactivators, Cdh1 and Cdc20, in cancer initiation and development. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding APC/C structure and function, as well as the distinct ways Cdh1 and Cdc20 are dysregulated in human cancer. We also discuss APC/C inhibitors, novel approaches for targeting the APC/C as a cancer therapy, and areas for future work.
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46
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Deng L, Meng T, Chen L, Wei W, Wang P. The role of ubiquitination in tumorigenesis and targeted drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32296023 PMCID: PMC7048745 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the "quantity" and "quality" of various proteins, serving to ensure cell homeostasis and guarantee life activities. The regulation of ubiquitination is multifaceted and works not only at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc.) but also at the protein level (activators or repressors). When regulatory mechanisms are aberrant, the altered biological processes may subsequently induce serious human diseases, especially various types of cancer. In tumorigenesis, the altered biological processes involve tumor metabolism, the immunological tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness and so on. With regard to tumor metabolism, the ubiquitination of some key proteins such as RagA, mTOR, PTEN, AKT, c-Myc and P53 significantly regulates the activity of the mTORC1, AMPK and PTEN-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, ubiquitination in the TLR, RLR and STING-dependent signaling pathways also modulates the TME. Moreover, the ubiquitination of core stem cell regulator triplets (Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2) and members of the Wnt and Hippo-YAP signaling pathways participates in the maintenance of CSC stemness. Based on the altered components, including the proteasome, E3 ligases, E1, E2 and deubiquitinases (DUBs), many molecular targeted drugs have been developed to combat cancer. Among them, small molecule inhibitors targeting the proteasome, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, oprozomib and ixazomib, have achieved tangible success. In addition, MLN7243 and MLN4924 (targeting the E1 enzyme), Leucettamol A and CC0651 (targeting the E2 enzyme), nutlin and MI-219 (targeting the E3 enzyme), and compounds G5 and F6 (targeting DUB activity) have also shown potential in preclinical cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in understanding the substrates for ubiquitination and their special functions in tumor metabolism regulation, TME modulation and CSC stemness maintenance. Moreover, potential therapeutic targets for cancer are reviewed, as are the therapeutic effects of targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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47
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Xu W, Huang M, Guo J, Zhang H, Wang D, Liu T, Liu H, Chen S, Gao P, Mu K. The Role of CHK1 Varies with the Status of Oestrogen-receptor and Progesterone-receptor in the Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1388-1402. [PMID: 32210727 PMCID: PMC7085233 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.41627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The therapeutic effects of the checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1)-targeted inhibition in tumor therapy have been confirmed, but how to choose an effective application method in breast cancer with heterogeneous molecular characteristics has remained unclear. Methods: We evaluated the status of CHK1 in breast cancer using the cancer genome atlas database. Chemosensitivity and single-agent antitumor activity of CHK1 inhibition were measured by drug sensitivity assay, cell proliferation assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis in breast cancer with different ER/PR status. And based on the conjoint transcriptome atlas analyses, the corresponding mechanism were explored. Results: In ER-/PR-/HER2- breast cancer, CHK1 inhibition enhanced adriamycin (ADR) chemosensitivity which was mediated by the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC)-anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-cyclin B1 axis, Msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) and Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM). However, in ER+/PR+/HER2- breast cancer, because of the significant suppression for centromere protein F (CENPF)-mediated transcriptional activation of CHK1 induced by ADR itself, CHK1 inhibition fails to sensitize ADR toxicity. Interestingly, CHK1 inhibition showed the single-agent antitumor activity in ER+/PR+/HER2- breast cancer which was mediated by the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21), kinesin family member 11 (Eg5) and cell surface death receptor (Fas). Conclusions: CHK1's variable role determines the application of CHK1 inhibition in breast cancer with ER/PR heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Minghua Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The second affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Depeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shiming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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48
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Lok TM, Wang Y, Xu WK, Xie S, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Mitotic slippage is determined by p31 comet and the weakening of the spindle-assembly checkpoint. Oncogene 2020; 39:2819-2834. [PMID: 32029899 PMCID: PMC7098889 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic slippage involves cells exiting mitosis without proper chromosome segregation. Although degradation of cyclin B1 during prolonged mitotic arrest is believed to trigger mitotic slippage, its upstream regulation remains obscure. Whether mitotic slippage is caused by APC/CCDC20 activity that is able to escape spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC)-mediated inhibition, or is actively promoted by a change in SAC activity remains an outstanding issue. We found that a major culprit for mitotic slippage involves reduction of MAD2 at the kinetochores, resulting in a progressive weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest. A further level of control of the timing of mitotic slippage is through p31comet-mediated suppression of MAD2 activation. The loss of kinetochore MAD2 was dependent on APC/CCDC20, indicating a feedback control of APC/C to SAC during prolonged mitotic arrest. The gradual weakening of SAC during mitotic arrest enables APC/CCDC20 to degrade cyclin B1, cumulating in the cell exiting mitosis by mitotic slippage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Ming Lok
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy Kaichun Xu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Siwei Xie
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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49
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Huang Q, Zhang X. Emerging Roles and Research Tools of Atypical Ubiquitination. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900100. [PMID: 31930661 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification characterized by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to protein substrates. The ubiquitination modification process is reversible, dynamic, and involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as autophagy, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage responses. The forms of ubiquitin modification are very diverse, incorporating either a single ubiquitin molecule or a complicated ubiquitin polymer, and different types of ubiquitination usually elicit corresponding cellular responses. The development of research tools and strategies has afforded more detailed insight into atypical ubiquitin signaling pathways that were previously poorly understood. Here, an update on the understanding of atypical ubiquitin chain signaling pathways is provided and the recent development of representative research tools for ubiquitin systems is discussed. In addition, the future challenges in ubiquitin research are reflected on and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China
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50
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Qin Y, Du J, Fan C. Ube2S regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:274-279. [PMID: 32038111 PMCID: PMC6990889 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.40243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2S (Ube2S) plays important roles in cancer development in some malignant tumors. However, the functions and related molecular network of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer are not fully understood. In the current study, we examined the expression of Ube2S in non-small cell lung cancer and its clinicopathological significance. We also investigated the molecules and pathways regulated by Ube2S. An immunostaining study showed that the positive rate of Ube2s expression in lung cancer tissues was higher than that in normal lung tissues (p < 0.05). Upregulated Ube2S expression in cancer tissues significantly correlated with clinical progression (TNM III versus I + II), lymph node metastasis, and shorter survival time of the patients (p < 0.05). When Ube2S was overexpressed in A549 cells, the abilities of these cells to proliferate and migrate were increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, Ube2S significantly upregulated the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1, and MMP7 (novel molecules of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway), and the activity of this pathway (p < 0.05). In addition, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor effectively abolished the function of Ube2S. These results indicate that Ube2S may be a novel marker contributing to lung cancer development, possibly through regulating canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Qin
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuifeng Fan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang, China
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