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Niraula G, Pyne A, Wang X. Develop Tandem Tension Sensor to Gauge Integrin-Transmitted Molecular Forces. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38968930 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
DNA-based tension sensors have innovated the imaging and calibration of mechanosensitive receptor-transmitted molecular forces, such as integrin tensions. However, these sensors mainly serve as binary reporters, only indicating if molecular forces exceed one predefined threshold. Here, we have developed tandem tension sensor (TTS), which comprises two consecutive force-sensing units, each with unique force detection thresholds and distinct fluorescence spectra, thereby enabling the quantification of molecular forces with dual reference levels. With TTS, we revealed that vinculin is not required for transmitting integrin tensions at approximately 10 pN (piconewtons) but is essential for elevating integrin tensions beyond 20 pN in focal adhesions (FAs). Such high tensions have emerged during the early stage of FA formation. TTS also successfully detected changes in integrin tensions in response to disrupted actin formation, inhibited myosin activity, and tuned substrate elasticity. We also applied TTS to examine integrin tensions in platelets and revealed two force regimes, with integrin tensions surpassing 20 pN at cell central regions and 13-20 pN integrin tensions at the cell edge. Overall, TTS, especially the construct consisting of a hairpin DNA (13 pN opening force) and a shearing DNA (20 pN opening force), stands as a valuable tool for the quantification of receptor-transmitted molecular forces within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Niraula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Arghajit Pyne
- Research Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Research Division in Hoxworth Center, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
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2
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Pathni A, Wagh K, Rey-Suarez I, Upadhyaya A. Mechanical regulation of lymphocyte activation and function. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs219030. [PMID: 38995113 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.219030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing, or how cells sense and respond to the physical environment, is crucial for many aspects of biological function, ranging from cell movement during development to cancer metastasis, the immune response and gene expression driving cell fate determination. Relevant physical stimuli include the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, contractile forces, shear flows in blood vessels, complex topography of the cellular microenvironment and membrane protein mobility. Although mechanosensing has been more widely studied in non-immune cells, it has become increasingly clear that physical cues profoundly affect the signaling function of cells of the immune system. In this Review, we summarize recent studies on mechanical regulation of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes, and explore how the force-generating cytoskeletal machinery might mediate mechanosensing. We discuss general principles governing mechanical regulation of lymphocyte function, spanning from the molecular scale of receptor activation to cellular responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashli Pathni
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kaustubh Wagh
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Microcore, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, DC 111711, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Insitute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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3
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Marciuš T, Deftu AF, Vuka I, Braeken D, Sapunar D. Electrophysiological properties of dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured on 3D silicon micro-pillar substrates. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 407:110143. [PMID: 38670536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon-based micro-pillar substrates (MPS), as three-dimensional cell culture platforms with vertically aligned micro-patterned scaffolding structures, are known to facilitate high-quality growth and morphology of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons, promote neurite outgrowth and enhance neurite alignment. However, the electrophysiological aspects of DRG neurons cultured on silicon MPSs have not been thoroughly investigated, which is of greatest importance to ensure that such substrates do not disrupt neuronal homeostasis and function before their widespread adoption in diverse biomedical applications. NEW METHOD We conducted whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to explore the electrophysiological properties of DRG neurons cultured on MPS arrays, utilizing a custom-made upright patch-clamp setup. RESULTS Our findings revealed that DRG neurons exhibited similar electrophysiological responses on patterned MPS samples when compared to the control planar glass surfaces. Notably, there were no significant differences observed in the action potential parameters or firing patterns of action potentials between neurons grown on either substrate. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In the current study we for the first time confirmed that successful electrophysiological recordings can be obtained from the cells grown on MPS. CONCLUSION Our results imply that, despite the potential alterations caused by the cumulative trauma of tissue harvest and cell dissociation, essential functional cell properties of DRG neurons appear to be relatively maintained on MPS surfaces. Therefore, vertically aligned silicon MPSs could be considered as a potentially effective three-dimensional system for supporting a controlled cellular environment in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Marciuš
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital and Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Vuka
- Technology Transfer Office, Department of Science and Innovation, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Dries Braeken
- Life Sciences Technologies, Imec, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Damir Sapunar
- Laboratory for Pain Research, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia.
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4
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Shlomo Y, Gavriel M, Jaffa AJ, Grisaru D, Elad D. Arrangement into layers and mechanobiology of multi-cell co-culture models of the uterine wall. Hum Reprod 2024:deae130. [PMID: 38876975 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can a co-culture of three cell types mimic the in vivo layers of the uterine wall? SUMMARY ANSWER Three protocols tested for co-culture of endometrial epithelial cells (EEC), endometrial stromal cells (ESC), and myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMC) led to formation of the distinct layers that are characteristic of the structure of the uterine wall in vivo. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We previously showed that a layer-by-layer co-culture of EEC and MSMC responded to peristaltic wall shear stresses (WSS) by increasing the polymerization of F-actin in both layers. Other studies showed that WSS induced significant cellular alterations in epithelial and endothelial cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Human EEC and ESC cell lines and primary MSMC were co-cultured on a collagen-coated synthetic membrane in custom-designed wells. The co-culture model, created by seeding a mixture of all cells at once, was exposed to steady WSS of 0.5 dyne/cm2 for 10 and 30 min. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The co-culture of the three different cells was seeded either layer-by-layer or as a mixture of all cells at once. Validation of the models was by specific immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. Alterations of the cytoskeletal F-actin in response to WSS were analyzed from the 2-dimensional confocal images through the Z-stacks following a previously published algorithm. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We generated three multi-cell in vitro models of the uterine wall with distinct layers of EEC, ESC, and MSMC that mimic the in vivo morphology. Exposure of the mixed seeding model to WSS induced increased polymerization of F-actin in all the three layers relative to the unexposed controls. Moreover, the increased polymerization of F-actin was higher (P-value < 0.05) when the length of exposure was increased from 10 to 30 min. Furthermore, the inner layers of ESC and MSMC, which are not in direct contact with the applied shearing fluid, also increased their F-actin polymerization. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, RESONS FOR CAUTION The mixed seeding co-culture model was exposed to steady WSS of one magnitude, whereas the uterus is a dynamic organ with intra-uterine peristaltic fluid motions that vary in vivo with different time-dependent magnitude. Further in vitro studies may explore the response to peristaltic WSS or other physical and/or hormonal perturbations that may mimic the spectrum of pathophysiological aspects. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Numerous in vitro models were developed in order to mimic the human endometrium and endometrium-myometrium interface (EMI) region. The present co-culture models seem to be the first constructed from EEC, ESC, and MSMC on a collagen-coated synthetic membrane. These multi-cell in vitro models better represent the complex in vivo anatomy of the EMI region. The mixed seeding multi-cell in vitro model may easily be implemented in controlled studies of uterine function in reproduction and the pathogenesis of diseases. STUDY FINDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported in part by Tel Aviv University funds. All authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Shlomo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Gavriel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel J Jaffa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Grisaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Elad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Bergamaschi G, Taris KKH, Biebricher AS, Seymonson XMR, Witt H, Peterman EJG, Wuite GJL. Viscoelasticity of diverse biological samples quantified by Acoustic Force Microrheology (AFMR). Commun Biol 2024; 7:683. [PMID: 38834871 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of soft matter and cellular mechanics, microrheology - the use of micron-sized particles to probe the frequency-dependent viscoelastic response of materials - is widely used to shed light onto the mechanics and dynamics of molecular structures. Here we present the implementation of active microrheology in an Acoustic Force Spectroscopy setup (AFMR), which combines multiplexing with the possibility of probing a wide range of forces ( ~ pN to ~nN) and frequencies (0.01-100 Hz). To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we perform active microrheology on biological samples of increasing complexity and stiffness: collagen gels, red blood cells (RBCs), and human fibroblasts, spanning a viscoelastic modulus range of five orders of magnitude. We show that AFMR can successfully quantify viscoelastic properties by probing many beads with high single-particle precision and reproducibility. Finally, we demonstrate that AFMR to map local sample heterogeneities as well as detect cellular responses to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bergamaschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees-Karel H Taris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas S Biebricher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xamanie M R Seymonson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Witt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin J G Peterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Jang I, Menon S, Indra I, Basith R, Beningo KA. Calpain Small Subunit Mediated Secretion of Galectin-3 Regulates Traction Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1247. [PMID: 38927454 PMCID: PMC11200796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex regulation of traction forces (TF) produced during cellular migration remains poorly understood. We have previously found that calpain 4 (Capn4), the small non-catalytic subunit of the calpain 1 and 2 proteases, regulates the production of TF independent of the proteolytic activity of the larger subunits. Capn4 was later found to facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation and secretion of the lectin-binding protein galectin-3 (Gal3). In this study, recombinant Gal3 (rGal3) was added to the media-enhanced TF generated by capn4-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Extracellular Gal3 also rescued defects in the distribution, morphology, and adhesive strength of focal adhesions present in capn4-/- MEF cells. Surprisingly, extracellular Gal3 does not influence mechanosensing. c-Abl kinase was found to affect Gal3 secretion and the production of TF through phosphorylation of Y107 on Gal3. Our study also suggests that Gal3-mediated regulation of TF occurs through signaling pathways triggered by β1 integrin but not by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Y397 autophosphorylation. Our findings provide insights into the signaling mechanism by which Capn4 and secreted Gal3 regulate cell migration through the modulation of TF distinctly independent from a mechanosensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen A. Beningo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (I.J.)
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7
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Huo Z, Yang W, Harati J, Nene A, Borghi F, Piazzoni C, Milani P, Guo S, Galluzzi M, Boraschi D. Biomechanics of Macrophages on Disordered Surface Nanotopography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27164-27176. [PMID: 38750662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are involved in every stage of the innate/inflammatory immune responses in the body tissues, including the resolution of the reaction, and they do so in close collaboration with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Simplified substrates with nanotopographical features attempt to mimic the structural properties of the ECM to clarify the functional features of the interaction of the ECM with macrophages. We still have a limited understanding of the macrophage behavior upon interaction with disordered nanotopography, especially with features smaller than 10 nm. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy (AFM), finite element modeling (FEM), and quantitative biochemical approaches in order to understand the mechanotransduction from the nanostructured surface into cellular responses. AFM experiments show a decrease of macrophage stiffness, measured with the Young's modulus, as a biomechanical response to a nanostructured (ns-) ZrOx surface. FEM experiments suggest that ZrOx surfaces with increasing roughness represent weaker mechanical boundary conditions. The mechanical cues from the substrate are transduced into the cell through the formation of integrin-regulated focal adhesions and cytoskeletal reorganization, which, in turn, modulate cell biomechanics by downregulating cell stiffness. Surface nanotopography and consequent biomechanical response impact the overall behavior of macrophages by increasing movement and phagocytic ability without significantly influencing their inflammatory behavior. Our study suggests a strong potential of surface nanotopography for the regulation of macrophage functions, which implies a prospective application relative to coating technology for biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Huo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Javad Harati
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ajinkya Nene
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Francesca Borghi
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMaINa and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Shifeng Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Napoli, Italy
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Jin XK, Jin KQ, Yang XK, Wen MY, Liu YL, Huang WH. Real-time monitoring of intracellular biochemical response in locally stretched single cell by a nanosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05348-z. [PMID: 38802680 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the essential process that cells convert mechanical force into biochemical responses, and electrochemical sensor stands out from existing techniques by providing quantitative and real-time information about the biochemical signals during cellular mechanotransduction. However, the intracellular biochemical response evoked by mechanical force has been poorly monitored. In this paper, we report a method to apply local stretch on single cell and simultaneously monitor the ensuing intracellular biochemical signals. Specifically, a ferromagnetic micropipette was fabricated to locally stretch a single cell labeled with Fe3O4 nanoparticles under the external magnetic field, and the SiC@Pt nanowire electrode (SiC@Pt NWE) was inserted into the cell to monitor the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production induced by the local stretch. As a proof of concept, this work quantitatively investigated the elevated amount of H2O2 levels in single endothelial cell under different stretching amplitudes. This work puts forward a new research modality to manipulate and monitor the mechanotransduction at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ke Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ming-Yong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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9
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Li M, Fan Y, Ran M, Chen H, Han J, Zhai J, Wang Z, Ning C, Shi Z, Yu P. Hydrogel Coatings of Implants for Pathological Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401296. [PMID: 38794971 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are well-suited for biomedical applications due to their numerous advantages, such as excellent bioactivity, versatile physical and chemical properties, and effective drug delivery capabilities. Recently, hydrogel coatings have developed to functionalize bone implants which are biologically inert and cannot withstand the complex bone tissue repair microenvironment. These coatings have shown promise in addressing unique and pressing medical needs. This review begins with the major functionalized performance and interfacial bonding strategy of hydrogel coatings, with a focus on the novel external field response properties of the hydrogel. Recent advances in the fabrication strategies of hydrogel coatings and their use in the treatment of pathologic bone regeneration are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in the evolution and application of physiological environment-responsive and external electric field-responsive hydrogel coatings for bone implants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youzhun Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Maofei Ran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jien Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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10
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Apa L, Martire MV, Carraro S, Cosentino M, Del Prete Z, Peruzzi B, Rizzuto E. Development of an Optical System for Strain Drop Measurement of Osteosarcoma Cells on Substrates with Different Stiffness. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3383. [PMID: 38894171 PMCID: PMC11175146 DOI: 10.3390/s24113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Adherent cells perceive mechanical feedback from the underlying matrix and convert it into biochemical signals through a process known as mechanotransduction. The response to changes in the microenvironment relies on the cell's mechanical properties, including elasticity, which was recently identified as a biomarker for various diseases. Here, we propose the design, development, and characterization of a new system for the measurement of adherent cells' strain drop, a parameter correlated with cells' elasticity. To consider the interplay between adherent cells and the host extracellular matrix, cell stretching was combined with adhesion on substrates with different stiffnesses. The technique is based on the linear stretching of silicone chambers, high-speed image acquisition, and feedback for image centering. The system was characterized in terms of the strain homogeneity, impact of collagen coating, centering capability, and sensitivity. Subsequently, it was employed to measure the strain drop of two osteosarcoma cell lines, low-aggressive osteoblast-like SaOS-2 and high-aggressive 143B, cultured on two different substrates to recall the stiffness of the bone and lung extracellular matrices. Results demonstrated good substrate homogeneity, a negligible effect of the collagen coating, and an accurate image centering. Finally, the experimental results showed an average strain drop that was lower in the 143B cells in comparison with the SaOS-2 cells in all the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Apa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Martire
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Serena Carraro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Marianna Cosentino
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Zaccaria Del Prete
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
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11
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Ali FEM, Ibrahim IM, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EHM. Role of immunotherapies and stem cell therapy in the management of liver cancer: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112011. [PMID: 38581991 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most common disease and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The WHO predicts that more than 1 million deaths will occur from LC by 2030. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary LC. Today, the management of LC involves multiple disciplines, and multimodal therapy is typically selected on an individual basis, considering the intricate interactions between the patient's overall health, the stage of the tumor, and the degree of underlying liver disease. Currently, the treatment of cancers, including LC, has undergone a paradigm shift in the last ten years because of immuno-oncology. To treat HCC, immune therapy approaches have been developed to enhance or cause the body's natural immune response to specifically target tumor cells. In this context, immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors, engineered cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, immune cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors, and therapeutic cancer vaccines have advanced to clinical trials and offered new hope to cancer patients. The outcomes of these treatments are encouraging. Additionally, treatment using stem cells is a new approach for restoring deteriorated tissues because of their strong differentiation potential and capacity to release cytokines that encourage cell division and the formation of blood vessels. Although there is no proof that stem cell therapy works for many types of cancer, preclinical research on stem cells has shown promise in treating HCC. This review provides a recent update regarding the impact of immunotherapy and stem cells in HCC and promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan.
| | - Islam M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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12
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Khine YY, Nguyen H, Afolabi F, Lin CC. Fast-relaxing hydrogels with reversibly tunable mechanics for dynamic cancer cell culture. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213829. [PMID: 38531258 PMCID: PMC11075809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impact disease progression and the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics. While it is recognized that advanced in vitro cancer models will benefit cancer research, none of the current engineered extracellular matrices (ECM) adequately recapitulate the highly dynamic TME. Through integrating reversible boronate-ester bonding and dithiolane ring-opening polymerization, we fabricated synthetic polymer hydrogels with tumor-mimetic fast relaxation and reversibly tunable elastic moduli. Importantly, the crosslinking and dynamic stiffening of matrix mechanics were achieved in the absence of a photoinitiator, often the source of cytotoxicity. Central to this strategy was Poly(PEGA-co-LAA-co-AAPBA) (PELA), a highly defined polymer synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. PELA contains dithiolane for initiator-free gel crosslinking, stiffening, and softening, as well as boronic acid for complexation with diol-containing polymers to give rise to tunable viscoelasticity. PELA hydrogels were highly cytocompatible for dynamic culture of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that the fast-relaxing matrix induced mesenchymal phenotype of cancer cells, and dynamic matrix stiffening restricted tumor spheroid growth. Moreover, this new dynamic viscoelastic hydrogel system permitted sequential stiffening and softening to mimic the physical changes of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Yee Khine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Han Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Favour Afolabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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13
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Jain K, Pandey A, Wang H, Chung T, Nemati A, Kanchanawong P, Sheetz MP, Cai H, Changede R. TiO 2 Nano-Biopatterning Reveals Optimal Ligand Presentation for Cell-Matrix Adhesion Formation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309284. [PMID: 38340044 PMCID: PMC11126362 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale organization of transmembrane receptors is critical for cellular functions, enabled by the nanoscale engineering of bioligand presentation. Previously, a spatial threshold of ≤60 nm for integrin binding ligands in cell-matrix adhesion is demonstrated using monoliganded gold nanoparticles. However, the ligand geometric arrangement is limited to hexagonal arrays of monoligands, while plasmonic quenching limits further investigation by fluorescence-based high-resolution imaging. Here, these limitations are overcome with dielectric TiO2 nanopatterns, eliminating fluorescence quenching, thus enabling super-resolution fluorescence microscopy on nanopatterns. By dual-color super-resolution imaging, high precision and consistency among nanopatterns, bioligands, and integrin nanoclusters are observed, validating the high quality and integrity of both nanopattern functionalization and passivation. By screening TiO2 nanodiscs with various diameters, an increase in fibroblast cell adhesion, spreading area, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization on 100 nm diameter compared with smaller diameters was observed. Focal adhesion kinase is identified as the regulatory signal. These findings explore the optimal ligand presentation when the minimal requirements are sufficiently fulfilled in the heterogenous extracellular matrix network of isolated binding regions with abundant ligands. Integration of high-fidelity nano-biopatterning with super-resolution imaging allows precise quantitative studies to address early signaling events in response to receptor clustering and their nanoscale organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Jain
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashish Pandey
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taerin Chung
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arash Nemati
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P. Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Molecular Mechanomedicine Program, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haogang Cai
- Tech4Health Institute and Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rishita Changede
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- TeOra Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Na Nan D, Klincumhom N, Trachoo V, Everts V, Ferreira JN, Osathanon T, Pavasant P. Periostin-integrin interaction regulates force-induced TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression by hPDLSCs. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2570-2579. [PMID: 37466141 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periostin (PN), a major matricellular periodontal ligament (PDL) protein, modulates the remodeling of the PDL and bone, especially under mechanical stress. This study investigated the requirement of PN-integrin signaling in force-induced expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human PDL stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS Cells were stimulated with intermittent compressive force (ICF) using computerized controlled apparatus. Cell migration was examined using in vitro scratch assay. The mRNA expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression was determined using immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis. RESULTS Stimulation with ICF for 24 h increased the expression of PN, TGF-β1, and α-SMA, along with increased SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Knockdown of POSTN (PN gene) decreased the protein levels of TGF-β1 and pSMAD2/3 upon force stimulation. POSTN knockdown of hPDLSCs resulted in delayed cell migration, as determined by a scratch assay. However, migration improved after seeding these knockdown cells on pre-PN-coated surfaces. Further, the knockdown of αVβ5 significantly attenuated the force-induced TGF-β1 expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the importance of PN-αVβ5 interactions in ICF-induced TGF-β1 signaling and the expression of α-SMA. Findings support the critical role of PN in maintaining the PDL's tissue integrity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneeya Na Nan
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttha Klincumhom
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Zhang J, Li X, Tian Y, Zou J, Gan D, Deng D, Jiao C, Yin Y, Tian B, Wu R, Chen F, He X. Harnessing Mechanical Stress with Viscoelastic Biomaterials for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309562. [PMID: 38460171 PMCID: PMC11095218 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of mechanically sensitive tissues such as periodontal ligaments (PDLs) is key in maintaining mechanical homeostasis. Unfortunately, PDLs easily lose viscoelasticity (e.g., stress relaxation) during periodontitis or dental trauma, which disrupt cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and accelerates tissue damage. Here, Pluronic F127 diacrylate (F127DA) hydrogels with PDL-matched stress relaxation rates and high elastic moduli are developed. The hydrogel viscoelasticity is modulated without chemical cross-linking by controlling precursor concentrations. Under cytomechanical loading, F127DA hydrogels with fast relaxation rates significantly improved the fibrogenic differentiation potential of PDL stem cells (PDLSCs), while cells cultured on F127DA hydrogels with various stress relaxation rates exhibited similar fibrogenic differentiation potentials with limited cell spreading and traction forces under static conditions. Mechanically, faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels leveraged cytomechanical loading to activate PDLSC mechanotransduction by upregulating integrin-focal adhesion kinase pathway and thus cytoskeletal rearrangement, reinforcing cell-ECM interactions. In vivo experiments confirm that faster-relaxing F127DA hydrogels significantly promoted PDL repair and reduced abnormal healing (e.g., root resorption and ankyloses) in delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. This study firstly investigated how matrix nonlinear viscoelasticity influences the fibrogenesis of PDLSCs under mechanical stimuli, and it reveals the underlying mechanobiology, which suggests novel strategies for PDL regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu‐Jiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Jie‐Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Dao‐Kun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Chen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Bei‐Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Rui‐Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Fa‐Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
| | - Xiao‐Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032China
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16
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Choi W, Lee M, Yong H, Heo D, Jun T, Ryu H, Kim JY, Cui D, Ryu DY, Lee SY, Choi SH, Kim BS, Kim J, Jung SY, Lee S, Hong J. Anisotropic Liesegang pattern for the nonlinear elastic biomineral-hydrogel complex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3075. [PMID: 38669324 PMCID: PMC11051667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The Liesegang pattern is a beautiful natural anisotropic patterning phenomenon observed in rocks and sandstones. This study reveals that the Liesegang pattern can induce nonlinear elasticity. Here, a Liesegang-patterned complex with biomineral-hydrogel repetitive layers is prepared. This Liesegang-patterned complex is obtained only when the biomineralization is performed under the supersaturated conditions. The Liesegang-patterned complex features a nonlinear elastic response, whereas a complex with a single biomineral shell shows a linear behavior, thus demonstrating that the Liesegang pattern is essential in achieving nonlinear elasticity. The stiff biomineral layers have buffered the concentrated energy on behalf of soft hydrogels, thereby exposing the hydrogel components to reduced stress and, in turn, enabling them to perform the elasticity continuously. Moreover, the nonlinear elastic Liesegang-patterned complex exhibits excellent stress relaxation to the external loading, which is the biomechanical characteristic of cartilage. This stress relaxation allows the bundle of fiber-type Liesegang-patterned complex to endure greater deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Milae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Yong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjae Heo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwook Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dingyun Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yong Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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17
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Xu H, Wu S, Liu Y, Wang X, Efremov AK, Wang L, McCaskill JS, Medina-Sánchez M, Schmidt OG. 3D nanofabricated soft microrobots with super-compliant picoforce springs as onboard sensors and actuators. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:494-503. [PMID: 38172430 PMCID: PMC11026159 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Microscale organisms and specialized motile cells use protein-based spring-like responsive structures to sense, grasp and move. Rendering this biomechanical transduction functionality in an artificial micromachine for applications in single-cell manipulations is challenging due to the need for a bio-applicable nanoscale spring system with a large and programmable strain response to piconewton-scale forces. Here we present three-dimensional nanofabrication and monolithic integration, based on an acrylic elastomer photoresist, of a magnetic spring system with quantifiable compliance sensitive to 0.5 pN, constructed with customized elasticity and magnetization distributions at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the effective design programmability of these 'picospring' ensembles as energy transduction mechanisms for the integrated construction of customized soft micromachines, with onboard sensing and actuation functions at the single-cell scale for microrobotic grasping and locomotion. The integration of active soft springs into three-dimensional nanofabrication offers an avenue to create biocompatible soft microrobots for non-disruptive interactions with biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Song Wu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - John S McCaskill
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Mariana Medina-Sánchez
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (Leibniz IFW Dresden), Dresden, Germany.
- Chair of Micro- and NanoSystems, Center for Molecular Bioengineering (B CUBE), Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.
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18
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Reifs A, Fernandez-Calvo A, Alonso-Lerma B, Schönfelder J, Franco D, Ortega-Muñoz M, Casares S, Jimenez-Lopez C, Saa L, Cortajarena AL, De Sancho D, San Sebastian E, Perez-Jimenez R. High-throughput virtual search of small molecules for controlling the mechanical stability of human CD4. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107133. [PMID: 38432632 PMCID: PMC11065764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein mechanical stability determines the function of a myriad of proteins, especially proteins from the extracellular matrix. Failure to maintain protein mechanical stability may result in diseases and disorders such as cancer, cardiomyopathies, or muscular dystrophy. Thus, developing mutation-free approaches to enhance and control the mechanical stability of proteins using pharmacology-based methods may have important implications in drug development and discovery. Here, we present the first approach that employs computational high-throughput virtual screening and molecular docking to search for small molecules in chemical libraries that function as mechano-regulators of the stability of human cluster of differentiation 4, receptor of HIV-1. Using single-molecule force spectroscopy, we prove that these small molecules can increase the mechanical stability of CD4D1D2 domains over 4-fold in addition to modifying the mechanical unfolding pathways. Our experiments demonstrate that chemical libraries are a source of mechanoactive molecules and that drug discovery approaches provide the foundation of a new type of molecular function, that is, mechano-regulation, paving the way toward mechanopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reifs
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alba Fernandez-Calvo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Borja Alonso-Lerma
- Center for Cooperative Research in Nanoscience (CIC nanoGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sabestian, Spain
| | - Jörg Schönfelder
- Center for Cooperative Research in Nanoscience (CIC nanoGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sabestian, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Casares
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Saa
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David De Sancho
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain; Faculty of Chemistry, Applied Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eider San Sebastian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Applied Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Raul Perez-Jimenez
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio-Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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19
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Huang W, Cai X, Xiao C, Song W, Yin H, Xu W. Surface micropatterning of 3D printed PCL scaffolds promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and regulates macrophage M2 polarization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26621. [PMID: 38434344 PMCID: PMC10907665 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Micropatterned structures on the surface of materials possessing biomimetic properties to mimic the extracellular matrix and induce cellular behaviors have been widely studied. However, it is still a major challenge to obtain internally stable and controllable micropatterned 3D scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration. In this study, 3D scaffolds with regular grating arrays using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a matrix material were prepared by combining 3D printing and soft lithography, and the effects of grating micropatterning on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and M1/M2 polarization of macrophages were investigated. The results showed that compared with the planar group and the 30um grating spacing group, PCL with a grating spacing of 20um significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, induced the polarization of RAW264.7 cells toward M2 type, and suppressed the expression of M1-type pro-inflammatory genes and markers. In conclusion, we successfully constructed PCL-based three-dimensional scaffolds with stable and controllable micrographs (grating arrays) inside, which possess excellent osteogenic properties and promote the formation of an immune microenvironment conducive to osteogenesis. This study is a step forward to the exploration of bone-filling materials affecting cell behavior, and makes a new contribution to the provision of high-quality materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, No.35, Yinquan North Road, Qingcheng District, Qingyuan, Guangdong, 511518, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medicine School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250, Changgang East Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Xiayu Cai
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, China
| | - Chujie Xiao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Human Tissue Restoration and Function Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Wenlu Song
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, China
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang West Road 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medicine School of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250, Changgang East Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, No. 1307 Guangzhou Avenue Central, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, China
- Guangdong Chinese Medicine Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research center, Jianghai Avenue Central, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510316, China
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20
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Nguyen J, Wang L, Lei W, Hu Y, Gulati N, Chavez-Madero C, Ahn H, Ginsberg HJ, Krawetz R, Brandt M, Betz T, Gilbert PM. Culture substrate stiffness impacts human myoblast contractility-dependent proliferation and nuclear envelope wrinkling. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261666. [PMID: 38345101 PMCID: PMC11033523 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how biophysical and biochemical microenvironmental cues together influence the regenerative activities of muscle stem cells and their progeny is crucial in strategizing remedies for pathological dysregulation of these cues in aging and disease. In this study, we investigated the cell-level influences of extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands and culture substrate stiffness on primary human myoblast contractility and proliferation within 16 h of plating and found that tethered fibronectin led to stronger stiffness-dependent responses compared to laminin and collagen. A proteome-wide analysis further uncovered cell metabolism, cytoskeletal and nuclear component regulation distinctions between cells cultured on soft and stiff substrates. Interestingly, we found that softer substrates increased the incidence of myoblasts with a wrinkled nucleus, and that the extent of wrinkling could predict Ki67 (also known as MKI67) expression. Nuclear wrinkling and Ki67 expression could be controlled by pharmacological manipulation of cellular contractility, offering a potential cellular mechanism. These results provide new insights into the regulation of human myoblast stiffness-dependent contractility response by ECM ligands and highlight a link between myoblast contractility and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Wen Lei
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yechen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nitya Gulati
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Carolina Chavez-Madero
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Henry Ahn
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Howard J. Ginsberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthias Brandt
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Betz
- Third Institute of Physics – Biophysics, Georg August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Penney M. Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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21
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Sarkar M, Burkel BM, Ponik SM, Notbohm J. Unexpected softening of a fibrous matrix by contracting inclusions. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:253-264. [PMID: 38272198 PMCID: PMC10948310 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cells respond to the stiffness of their surrounding environment, but quantifying the stiffness of a fibrous matrix at the scale of a cell is complicated, due to the effects of nonlinearity and complex force transmission pathways resulting from randomness in fiber density and connections. While it is known that forces produced by individual contractile cells can stiffen the matrix, it remains unclear how simultaneous contraction of multiple cells in a fibrous matrix alters the stiffness at the scale of a cell. Here, we used computational modeling and experiments to quantify the stiffness of a random fibrous matrix embedded with multiple contracting inclusions, which mimicked the contractile forces of a cell. The results showed that when the matrix was free to contract as a result of the forces produced by the inclusions, the matrix softened rather than stiffened, which was surprising given that the contracting inclusions applied tensile forces to the matrix. Using the computational model, we identified that the underlying cause of the softening was that the majority of the fibers were under a local state of axial compression, causing buckling. We verified that this buckling-induced matrix softening was sufficient for cells to sense and respond by altering their morphology and force generation. Our findings reveal that the localized forces induced by cells do not always stiffen the matrix; rather, softening can occur in instances wherein the matrix can contract in response to the cell-generated forces. This study opens up new possibilities to investigate whether cell-induced softening contributes to maintenance of homeostatic conditions or progression of disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mechanical interactions between cells and the surrounding matrix strongly influence cellular functions. Cell-induced forces can alter matrix properties, and much prior literature in this area focused on the influence of individual contracting cells. Cells in tissues are rarely solitary; rather, they are interspersed with neighboring cells throughout the matrix. As a result, the mechanics are complicated, leaving it unclear how the multiple contracting cells affect matrix stiffness. Here, we show that multiple contracting inclusions within a fibrous matrix can cause softening that in turn affects cell sensing and response. Our findings provide new directions to determine impacts of cell-induced softening on maintenance of tissue or progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Burkel
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suzanne M Ponik
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jacob Notbohm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
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22
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Cao R, Tian H, Tian Y, Fu X. A Hierarchical Mechanotransduction System: From Macro to Micro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302327. [PMID: 38145330 PMCID: PMC10953595 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including mechanical forces and properties, are sensed and translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction is crucial for regulating macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and functionalities. However, the actions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to the whole-body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, the biological roles and operational mechanisms of mechanotransduction from macro to micro are revisited, with a focus on the orchestrations across diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, and challenges of mechanotransduction in human diseases are also summarized and discussed. Together, this knowledge from a hierarchical perspective has the potential to refresh insights into mechanotransduction regulation and disease pathogenesis and therapy, and ultimately revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
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23
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Kwak M. Magnetic nano-tweezer for interrogating mechanosensitive signaling proteins in space and time. Methods Enzymol 2024; 694:303-320. [PMID: 38492956 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal interrogation of signal transduction at the single-cell level is necessary to understand how extracellular cues are converted into biochemical signals and differentially regulate cellular responses. Using single-cell perturbation tools such as optogenetics, specific biochemical cues can be delivered to selective molecules or cells at any desired location and time. By measuring cellular responses to provided perturbations, investigators have decoded and deconstructed the working mechanisms of a variety of neuroelectric and biochemical signaling processes. However, analogous methods for deciphering the working mechanisms of mechanosensitive signaling by regulating mechanical inputs to cell receptors have remained elusive. To address this unmet need, we have recently developed a nanotechnology-based single-cell and single-molecule perturbation tool, termed mechanogenetics, that enables precise spatial and mechanical control over genetically encoded cell-surface receptors in live cells. This tool combines a magnetofluorescent nanoparticle (MFN) actuator, which provides precise spatial and mechanical signals to receptors via target-specific one-to-one interaction, with a micromagnetic tweezers that remotely controls the force exerted on a single nanoparticle. This chapter provides comprehensive experimental protocols of mechanogenetics consisting of four stages: (i) chemical synthesis of MFNs, (ii) bio-conjugation and purification of monovalent MFNs, (iii) establishment of cells with genetically encoded mechanosensitive proteins, and (iv) modular targeting and control of cell-surface receptors in live cells. The entire procedure takes up to 1 week. This mechanogenetic tool can be generalized to study many outstanding questions related to the dynamics of cell signaling and transcriptional control, including the mechanism of mechanically activated receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kwak
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Nano Biomedical Engineering, Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Pillai EK, Franze K. Mechanics in the nervous system: From development to disease. Neuron 2024; 112:342-361. [PMID: 37967561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces are ubiquitous in biological processes across scales and diverse contexts. This review highlights the significance of mechanical forces in nervous system development, homeostasis, and disease. We provide an overview of mechanical signals present in the nervous system and delve into mechanotransduction mechanisms translating these mechanical cues into biochemical signals. During development, mechanical cues regulate a plethora of processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, network formation, and cortex folding. Forces then continue exerting their influence on physiological processes, such as neuronal activity, glial cell function, and the interplay between these different cell types. Notably, changes in tissue mechanics manifest in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors, potentially offering new diagnostic and therapeutic target opportunities. Understanding the role of cellular forces and tissue mechanics in nervous system physiology and pathology adds a new facet to neurobiology, shedding new light on many processes that remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Pillai
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Institute of Medical Physics and Microtissue Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Kussmaulallee 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Tapia-Rojo R. Construction and operation of high-resolution magnetic tape head tweezers for measuring single-protein dynamics under force. Methods Enzymol 2024; 694:83-107. [PMID: 38492959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical to protein function across many biological contexts-from bacterial adhesion to muscle mechanics and mechanotransduction processes. Hence, understanding how mechanical forces govern protein activity has developed into a central scientific question. In this context, single-molecule magnetic tweezers has recently emerged as a valuable experimental tool, offering the capability to measure single proteins over physiologically relevant forces and timescales. In this chapter, we present a detailed protocol for the assembly and operation of our magnetic tape head tweezers instrument, specifically tailored to investigate protein dynamics. Our instrument boasts a simplified microscope design and incorporates a magnetic tape head as the force-generating apparatus, facilitating precise force control and enhancing its temporal stability, enabling the study of single protein mechanics over extended timescales spanning several hours or even days. Moreover, its straightforward and cost-effective design ensures its accessibility to the wider scientific community. We anticipate that this technique will attract widespread interest within the growing field of mechanobiology and expect that this chapter will provide facilitated accessibility to this technology.
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26
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Sabri E, Brosseau C. Electromechanical interactions between cell membrane and nuclear envelope: Beyond the standard Schwan's model of biological cells. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 155:108583. [PMID: 37883860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate little-appreciated features of the hierarchical core-shell (CS) models of the electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical interactions between the cell membrane (CM) and nuclear envelope (NE). We first consider a simple model of an individual cell based on a coupled resistor-capacitor (Schwan model (SM)) network and show that the CM, when exposed to ac electric fields, acts as a low pass filter while the NE acts as a wide and asymmetric bandpass filter. We provide a simplified calculation for characteristic time associated with the capacitive charging of the NE and parameterize its range of behavior. We furthermore observe several new features dealing with mechanical analogs of the SM based on elementary spring-damper combinations. The chief merit of these models is that they can predict creep compliance responses of an individual cell under static stress and their effective retardation time constants. Next, we use an alternative and a more accurate CS physical model solved by finite element simulations for which geometrical cell reshaping under electromechanical stress (electrodeformation (ED)) is included in a continuum approach with spatial resolution. We show that under an electric field excitation, the elongated nucleus scales differently compared to the electrodeformed cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Sabri
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Lab-STICC, CS 93837, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Christian Brosseau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, Lab-STICC, CS 93837, 6 avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France.
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27
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Kumar R, Rottner K, Rao GN. Requirement of Site-Specific Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Cortactin in Retinal Neovascularization and Vascular Leakage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:366-390. [PMID: 38126170 PMCID: PMC10872470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision impairment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia triggers the development of abnormal and leaky blood vessels. METHODS A variety of cellular and molecular approaches as well as tissue-specific knockout mice were used to investigate the role of Cttn (cortactin) in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. RESULTS We found that VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulates Cttn phosphorylation at Y421, Y453, and Y470 residues in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we observed that while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 inhibited VEGFA-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell angiogenic events, suppression of Y421 phosphorylation protected endothelial barrier integrity from disruption by VEGFA. In line with these observations, while blockade of Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 negated oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization, interference with Y421 phosphorylation prevented VEGFA/oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced vascular leakage. Mechanistically, while phosphorylation at Y470 was required for its interaction with Arp2/3 and CDC6 facilitating actin polymerization and DNA synthesis, respectively, Cttn phosphorylation at Y421 leads to its dissociation from VE-cadherin, resulting in adherens junction disruption. Furthermore, whereas Cttn phosphorylation at Y470 residue was dependent on Lyn, its phosphorylation at Y421 residue required Syk activation. Accordingly, lentivirus-mediated expression of shRNA targeting Lyn or Syk levels inhibited oxygen-induced retinopathy-induced retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The above observations show for the first time that phosphorylation of Cttn is involved in a site-specific manner in the regulation of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage. In view of these findings, Cttn could be a novel target for the development of therapeutics against vascular diseases such as retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gadiparthi N. Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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28
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Bonnet M, Ertlen C, Seblani M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Cereda C, Zuccotti G, Colli M, Desouches C, Decherchi P, Carelli S, Marqueste T. Activated Human Adipose Tissue Transplantation Promotes Sensorimotor Recovery after Acute Spinal Cord Contusion in Rats. Cells 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38247873 PMCID: PMC10814727 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in sensory, motor, and vegetative function loss below the injury site. Although preclinical results have been promising, significant solutions for SCI patients have not been achieved through translating repair strategies to clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effective potential of mechanically activated lipoaspirated adipose tissue when transplanted into the epicenter of a thoracic spinal contusion. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: SHAM (uninjured and untreated), NaCl (spinal cord contusion with NaCl application), and AF (spinal cord contusion with transplanted activated human fat). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured to assess endogenous inflammation levels 14 days after injury. Sensorimotor recovery was monitored weekly for 12 weeks, and gait and electrophysiological analyses were performed at the end of this observational period. The results indicated that AF reduced endogenous inflammation post-SCI and there was a significant improvement in sensorimotor recovery. Moreover, activated adipose tissue also reinstated the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions. This investigation highlights the efficacy of activated adipose tissue grafting in acute SCI, suggesting it is a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord repair after traumatic contusion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Colli
- Podgora7 Clinic, Via Podgora 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Desouches
- Clinique Phénicia—CD Esthétique, 5 Boulevard Notre Dame, F-13006 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
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29
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Ozanne H, Moubri L, Abou-Nassif L, Thoumire O, Echalard A, Morin-Grognet S, Atmani H, Ladam G, Labat B. Active Osteoblasts or Quiescent Bone Lining Cells? Preosteoblasts Fate Orchestrated by Curvature and Stiffness of an In Vitro 2.5D Biomimetic Culture System. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302222. [PMID: 37929897 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic cell culture systems are required to provide more physiologically relevant microenvironments for bone cells. Here, a simple 2.5D culture platform is proposed, combining adjustable stiffness and surface features that mimic bone topography by using sandpaper grits as master molds with two stiffness formulations of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The subsequent replicas perfectly conform the grits and reproduce the corresponding negative relief with cavities separated by convex edges. Biomimicry is also provided by an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like thin film coating, using the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. The topographical features, alternating concave, and convex structures drive preosteoblasts organization and morphology. Strikingly, curvature orchestrates the commitment of preosteoblasts, with i) maturation to active osteoblasts able to produce a dense collagenous matrix that ultimately mineralizes in the cavities, and ii) edges hosting quiescent cells that synthetize a very thin immature collagen layer with no mineralization. In summary, the present in vitro culture system model offers a cell-instructive 2.5D microenvironment that controls preosteoblasts fate, leading to two coexisting subpopulations: mature osteoblasts and bone lining cells (BLC). This promising culture system opens new avenues to advanced tissue-engineered modeling and can be applied to precellularized bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ozanne
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Loïc Moubri
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Léa Abou-Nassif
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Olivier Thoumire
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Aline Echalard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | | | - Hassan Atmani
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Guy Ladam
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
| | - Béatrice Labat
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, PBS UMR 6270, Evreux, F-27000, France
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30
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Parmentier L, D'Haese S, Duquesne J, Bray F, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach AG, Rolando C, Dmitriev RI, Van Vlierberghe S. 2D fibrillar osteoid niche mimicry through inclusion of visco-elastic and topographical cues in gelatin-based networks. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127619. [PMID: 37898251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Given the clinical need for osteoregenerative materials incorporating controlled biomimetic and biophysical cues, a novel highly-substituted norbornene-modified gelatin was developed enabling thiol-ene crosslinking exploiting thiolated gelatin as cell-interactive crosslinker. Comparing the number of physical crosslinks, the degree of hydrolytic degradation upon modification, the network density and the chemical crosslinking type, the osteogenic effect of visco-elastic and topographical properties was evaluated. This novel network outperformed conventional gelatin-based networks in terms of osteogenesis induction, as evidenced in 2D dental pulp stem cell seeding assays, resulting from the presentation of both a local (substrate elasticity, 25-40 kPa) and a bulk (compressive modulus, 25-45 kPa) osteogenic substrate modulus in combination with adequate fibrillar cell adhesion spacing to optimally transfer traction forces from the fibrillar ECM (as evidenced by mesh size determination with the rubber elasticity theory) and resulting in a 1.7-fold increase in calcium production (compared to the gold standard gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie D'Haese
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessie Duquesne
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Bray
- Miniaturisation pour la synthèse, l'analyse et la protéomique (MSAP), CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Nano-biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent university, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre G Skirtach
- Nano-biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent university, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la synthèse, l'analyse et la protéomique (MSAP), CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Ghent university, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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31
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Mora M, Tapia-Rojo R, Garcia-Manyes S. Unfolding and Refolding Proteins Using Single-Molecule AFM. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2694:339-354. [PMID: 37824012 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3377-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows capturing the conformational dynamics of an individual molecule under force. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for conducting a protein nanomechanical experiment using AFM, covering both the force-extension and force-clamp modes. Combined, these experiments provide an integrated vista of the molecular mechanisms-and their associated kinetics-underpinning the mechanical unfolding and refolding of individual proteins when exposed to mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mora
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK.
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32
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Davidson CD, Midekssa FS, DePalma SJ, Kamen JL, Wang WY, Jayco DKP, Wieger ME, Baker BM. Mechanical Intercellular Communication via Matrix-Borne Cell Force Transmission During Vascular Network Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306210. [PMID: 37997199 PMCID: PMC10797481 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is critical to the formation and homeostatic function of all tissues. Previous work has shown that cells can communicate mechanically via the transmission of cell-generated forces through their surrounding extracellular matrix, but this process is not well understood. Here, mechanically defined, synthetic electrospun fibrous matrices are utilized in conjunction with a microfabrication-based cell patterning approach to examine mechanical intercellular communication (MIC) between endothelial cells (ECs) during their assembly into interconnected multicellular networks. It is found that cell force-mediated matrix displacements in deformable fibrous matrices underly directional extension and migration of neighboring ECs toward each other prior to the formation of stable cell-cell connections enriched with vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). A critical role is also identified for calcium signaling mediated by focal adhesion kinase and mechanosensitive ion channels in MIC that extends to multicellular assembly of 3D vessel-like networks when ECs are embedded within fibrin hydrogels. These results illustrate a role for cell-generated forces and ECM mechanical properties in multicellular assembly of capillary-like EC networks and motivates the design of biomaterials that promote MIC for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Firaol S. Midekssa
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Jordan L. Kamen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - William Y. Wang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | | | - Megan E. Wieger
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
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33
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Cammarata LV, Uhler C, Shivashankar GV. Adhesome Receptor Clustering is Accompanied by the Colocalization of the Associated Genes in the Cell Nucleus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570697. [PMID: 38106037 PMCID: PMC10723460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins on the cell membrane cluster to respond to extracellular signals; for example, adhesion proteins cluster to enhance extracellular matrix sensing; or T-cell receptors cluster to enhance antigen sensing. Importantly, the maturation of such receptor clusters requires transcriptional control to adapt and reinforce the extracellular signal sensing. However, it has been unclear how such efficient clustering mechanisms are encoded at the level of the genes that code for these receptor proteins. Using the adhesome as an example, we show that genes that code for adhesome receptor proteins are spatially co-localized and co-regulated within the cell nucleus. Towards this, we use Hi-C maps combined with RNA-seq data of adherent cells to map the correspondence between adhesome receptor proteins and their associated genes. Interestingly, we find that the transcription factors that regulate these genes are also co-localized with the adhesome gene loci, thereby potentially facilitating a transcriptional reinforcement of the extracellular matrix sensing machinery. Collectively, our results highlight an important layer of transcriptional control of cellular signal sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis V. Cammarata
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Uhler
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G. V. Shivashankar
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen, Switzerland
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34
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Zhu G, Zhang R, Xie Q, Li P, Wang F, Wang L, Li C. Shish-kebab structure fiber with nano and micro diameter regulate macrophage polarization for anti-inflammatory and bone differentiation. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100880. [PMID: 38149017 PMCID: PMC10750111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymer grafts often have limited biocompatibility, triggering excessive inflammatory responses similar to foreign bodies. Macrophage phenotype shifts are pivotal in the inflammatory response and graft success. The effects of the morphology and physical attributes of the material itself on macrophage polarization should be the focus. In this study, we prepared electrospun fibers with diverse diameters and formed a shish-kebab (SK) structure on the material surface by solution-induced crystallization, forming electrospun fiber scaffolds with diverse pore sizes and roughness. In vitro cell culture experiments demonstrated that SK structure fibers could regulate macrophage differentiation toward M2 phenotype, and the results of in vitro simulation of in vivo tissue reconstruction by the microenvironment demonstrated that the paracrine role of M2 phenotype macrophages could promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to differentiate into osteoblasts. In rats implanted with a subcutaneous SK-structured fiber scaffold, the large-pore size and low-stiffness SK fiber scaffolds demonstrated superior immune performance, less macrophage aggregation, and easier differentiation to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Large pore sizes and low-stiffness SK fiber scaffolds guide the morphological design of biological scaffolds implanted in vivo, which is expected to be an effective strategy for reducing inflammation when applied to graft materials in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qianyang Xie
- Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peilun Li
- Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, No. 639, Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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35
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Cheng L, Yue H, Zhang H, Liu Q, Du L, Liu X, Xie J, Shen Y. The influence of microenvironment stiffness on endothelial cell fate: Implication for occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2023; 334:122233. [PMID: 37918628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is characterized by phenotypic changes in fibrous proliferation, chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation mediated by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which are correlated with the stiffening and ectopic remodeling of local extracellular matrix (ECM). The native residents, ECs and SMCs, are not only affected by various chemical factors including inflammatory mediators and chemokines, but also by a range of physical stimuli, such as shear stress and ECM stiffness, presented in the microenvironmental niche. Especially, ECs, as a semi-selective barrier, can sense mechanical forces, respond quickly to changes in mechanical loading and provide context-specific adaptive responses to restore homeostasis. However, blood arteries undergo stiffening and lose their elasticity with age. Reports have shown that the ECM stiffening could influence EC fate by changing the cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell to cell contact, migration and even communication with SMCs. The cell behaviour changes mediated by ECM stiffening are dependent on the activation of a signaling cascade of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction. Although the substantial evidence directly indicates the importance of ECM stiffening on the native ECs, the understanding about this complex interplay is still largely limited. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of ECM stiffening on the behaviours of endothelial cells and elucidate the underlying details in biological mechanism, aiming to provide the process of how ECs integrate ECM mechanics and the highlights for bioaffinity of tissue-specific engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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36
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Lewns FK, Tsigkou O, Cox LR, Wildman RD, Grover LM, Poologasundarampillai G. Hydrogels and Bioprinting in Bone Tissue Engineering: Creating Artificial Stem-Cell Niches for In Vitro Models. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301670. [PMID: 37087739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in bioprinting have enabled the fabrication of complex tissue constructs with high speed and resolution. However, there remains significant structural and biological complexity within tissues that bioprinting is unable to recapitulate. Bone, for example, has a hierarchical organization ranging from the molecular to whole organ level. Current bioprinting techniques and the materials employed have imposed limits on the scale, speed, and resolution that can be achieved, rendering the technique unable to reproduce the structural hierarchies and cell-matrix interactions that are observed in bone. The shift toward biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering, where hydrogels provide biophysical and biochemical cues to encapsulated cells, is a promising approach to enhancing the biological function and development of tissues for in vitro modeling. A major focus in bioprinting of bone tissue for in vitro modeling is creating dynamic microenvironmental niches to support, stimulate, and direct the cellular processes for bone formation and remodeling. Hydrogels are ideal materials for imitating the extracellular matrix since they can be engineered to present various cues whilst allowing bioprinting. Here, recent advances in hydrogels and 3D bioprinting toward creating a microenvironmental niche that is conducive to tissue engineering of in vitro models of bone are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca K Lewns
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - Olga Tsigkou
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 5GF, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ricky D Wildman
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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37
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Kechagias S, Theodoridis K, Broomfield J, Malpartida-Cardenas K, Reid R, Georgiou P, van Arkel RJ, Jeffers JRT. The effect of nodal connectivity and strut density within stochastic titanium scaffolds on osteogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1305936. [PMID: 38107615 PMCID: PMC10721980 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1305936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern orthopaedic implants use lattice structures that act as 3D scaffolds to enhance bone growth into and around implants. Stochastic scaffolds are of particular interest as they mimic the architecture of trabecular bone and can combine isotropic properties and adjustable structure. The existing research mainly concentrates on controlling the mechanical and biological performance of periodic lattices by adjusting pore size and shape. Still, less is known on how we can control the performance of stochastic lattices through their design parameters: nodal connectivity, strut density and strut thickness. To elucidate this, four lattice structures were evaluated with varied strut densities and connectivity, hence different local geometry and mechanical properties: low apparent modulus, high apparent modulus, and two with near-identical modulus. Pre-osteoblast murine cells were seeded on scaffolds and cultured in vitro for 28 days. Cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated. Additionally, the expression levels of key osteogenic biomarkers were used to assess the effect of each design parameter on the quality of newly formed tissue. The main finding was that increasing connectivity increased the rate of osteoblast maturation, tissue formation and mineralisation. In detail, doubling the connectivity, over fixed strut density, increased collagen type-I by 140%, increased osteopontin by 130% and osteocalcin by 110%. This was attributed to the increased number of acute angles formed by the numerous connected struts, which facilitated the organization of cells and accelerated the cell cycle. Overall, increasing connectivity and adjusting strut density is a novel technique to design stochastic structures which combine a broad range of biomimetic properties and rapid ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Kechagias
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joseph Broomfield
- Centre for Bio Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenny Malpartida-Cardenas
- Centre for Bio Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Reid
- Centre for Bio Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantelis Georgiou
- Centre for Bio Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. van Arkel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Hasannejad F, Montazeri L, Mano JF, Bonakdar S, Fazilat A. Regulation of cell fate by cell imprinting approach in vitro. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:29945. [PMID: 38938752 PMCID: PMC11199935 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-based technologies are widely utilized in various domains such as drug evaluation, toxicity assessment, vaccine and biopharmaceutical development, reproductive technology, and regenerative medicine. It has been demonstrated that pre-adsorption of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen, laminin and fibronectin provide more degrees of support for cell adhesion. The purpose of cell imprinting is to imitate the natural topography of cell membranes by gels or polymers to create a reliable environment for the regulation of cell function. The results of recent studies show that cell imprinting is a tool to guide the behavior of cultured cells by controlling their adhesive interactions with surfaces. Therefore, in this review we aim to compare different cell cultures with the imprinting method and discuss different cell imprinting applications in regenerative medicine, personalized medicine, disease modeling, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhonde Hasannejad
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fazilat
- Genetic Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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39
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Rajeev M, Helms CC. A Study of the Relationship between Polymer Solution Entanglement and Electrospun PCL Fiber Mechanics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4555. [PMID: 38231998 PMCID: PMC10707761 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrospun fibers range in size from nanometers to micrometers and have a multitude of potential applications that depend upon their morphology and mechanics. In this paper, we investigate the effect of polymer solution entanglement on the mechanical properties of individual electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers. Multiple concentrations of PCL, a biocompatible polymer, were dissolved in a minimum toxicity solvent composed of acetic acid and formic acid. The number of entanglements per polymer (ne) in solution was calculated using the polymer volume fraction, and the resultant electrospun fiber morphology and mechanics were measured. Consistent electrospinning of smooth fibers was achieved for solutions with ne ranging from 3.8 to 4.9, and the corresponding concentration of 13 g/dL to 17 g/dL PCL. The initial modulus of the resultant fibers did not depend upon polymer entanglement. However, the examination of fiber mechanics at higher strains, performed via lateral force atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealed differences among the fibers formed at various concentrations. Average fiber extensibility increased by 35% as the polymer entanglement number increased from a 3.8 ne solution to a 4.9 ne solution. All PCL fibers displayed strain-hardening behavior. On average, the stress increased with strain to the second power. Therefore, the larger extensibilities at higher ne also led to a more than double increase in fiber strength. Our results support the role of polymer entanglement in the mechanical properties of electrospun fiber at large strains.
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40
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Jain K, Lim KYE, Sheetz MP, Kanchanawong P, Changede R. Intrinsic self-organization of integrin nanoclusters within focal adhesions is required for cellular mechanotransduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567975. [PMID: 38045378 PMCID: PMC10690202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Upon interaction with the extracellular matrix, the integrin receptors form nanoclusters as a first biochemical response to ligand binding. Here, we uncover a critical biodesign principle where these nanoclusters are spatially self-organized, facilitating effective mechanotransduction. Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) with integrin β3 nanoclusters organized themselves with an intercluster distance of ∼550 nm on uniformly coated fibronectin substrates, leading to larger focal adhesions. We determined that this spatial organization was driven by cell-intrinsic factors since there was no pre-existing pattern on the substrates. Altering this spatial organization using cyclo-RGD functionalized Titanium nanodiscs (of 100 nm, corroborating to the integrin nanocluster size) spaced at intervals of 300 nm (almost half), 600 nm (normal) or 1000 nm (almost double) resulted in abrogation in mechanotransduction, indicating that a new parameter i.e., an optimal intercluster distance is necessary for downstream function. Overexpression of α-actinin, which induces a kink in the integrin tail, disrupted the establishment of the optimal intercluster distance, while simultaneous co-overexpression of talin head with α-actinin rescued it, indicating a concentration-dependent competition, and that cytoplasmic activation of integrin by talin head is required for the optimal intercluster organization. Additionally, talin head-mediated recruitment of FHOD1 that facilitates local actin polymerization at nanoclusters, and actomyosin contractility were also crucial for establishing the optimal intercluster distance and a robust mechanotransduction response. These findings demonstrate that cell-intrinsic machinery plays a vital role in organizing integrin receptor nanoclusters within focal adhesions, encoding essential information for downstream mechanotransduction signalling.
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41
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Kscheschinski B, Kramar M, Alim K. Calcium regulates cortex contraction in Physarum polycephalum. Phys Biol 2023; 21:016001. [PMID: 37975194 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ad0a9a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The tubular network-forming slime moldPhysarum polycephalumis able to maintain long-scale contraction patterns driven by an actomyosin cortex. The resulting shuttle streaming in the network is crucial for the organism to respond to external stimuli and reorganize its body mass giving rise to complex behaviors. However, the chemical basis of the self-organized flow pattern is not fully understood. Here, we present ratiometric measurements of free intracellular calcium in simple morphologies ofPhysarumnetworks. The spatiotemporal patterns of the free calcium concentration reveal a nearly anti-correlated relation to the tube radius, suggesting that calcium is indeed a key regulator of the actomyosin activity. We compare the experimentally observed phase relation between the radius and the calcium concentration to the predictions of a theoretical model including calcium as an inhibitor. Numerical simulations of the model suggest that calcium indeed inhibits the contractions inPhysarum, although a quantitative difference to the experimentally measured phase relation remains. Unraveling the mechanism underlying the contraction patterns is a key step in gaining further insight into the principles ofPhysarum's complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Kscheschinski
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirna Kramar
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karen Alim
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
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42
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Shigemura K, Kuribayashi-Shigetomi K, Tanaka R, Yamasaki H, Okajima T. Mechanical properties of epithelial cells in domes investigated using atomic force microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1245296. [PMID: 38046668 PMCID: PMC10690596 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1245296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As epithelial cells in vitro reach a highly confluent state, the cells often form a microscale dome-like architecture that encloses a fluid-filled lumen. The domes are stabilized by mechanical stress and luminal pressure. However, the mechanical properties of cells that form epithelial domes remain poorly characterized at the single-cell level. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the mechanical properties of cells forming epithelial domes. AFM showed that the apparent Young's modulus of cells in domes was significantly higher when compared with that in the surrounding monolayer. AFM also showed that the stiffness and tension of cells in domes were positively correlated with the apical cell area, depending on the degree of cell stretching. This correlation disappeared when actin filaments were depolymerized or when the ATPase activity of myosin II was inhibited, which often led to a large fluctuation in dome formation. The results indicated that heterogeneous actomyosin structures organized by stretching single cells played a crucial role in stabilizing dome formation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanical properties of three-dimensional deformable tissue explored using AFM at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shigemura
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaharu Okajima
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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43
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Membrane curvature drives the formation of integrin adhesions on soft ECM fibres. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1573-1574. [PMID: 37828356 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
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44
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Fu M, Yang C, Sun G. Recent advances in immunomodulatory hydrogels biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:48-62. [PMID: 37742359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a high incidence of fractures in clinical practice and therapy. The repairment of critical size defects in the skeletal system remains a huge challenge for surgeons and researchers, which can be overcame by the application of bone tissue-engineered biomaterials. An increasing number of investigations have revealed that the immune system plays a vital role in the repair of bone defects, especially macrophages, which can modulate the integration of biomaterials and bone regeneration in multiple ways. Therefore, it has become increasingly important in regenerative medicine to regulate macrophage polarization to prevent inflammation caused by biomaterial implantation. Recent studies have stressed the importance of hydrogel-based modifications and the incorporation of various cellular and molecular signals for regulating immune responses to promote bone tissue regeneration and integrate biomaterials. In this review, we first elaborate briefly on the described the general physiological mechanism and process of bone tissue regeneration. Then, we summarized the immunomodulatory role macrophages play in bone repair. In addition, the role of hydrogel-based immune modification targeting macrophage modulation in accelerating and enhancing bone tissue regeneration was also discussed. Finally, we highlighted future directions and research strategies related to hydrogel optimization for the regulation of the immune response during bone regeneration and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fu
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chensong Yang
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guixin Sun
- Guixin Sun - Department of Traumatic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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45
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Liu DM, Wu ZX, Guan JY. Intercellular competitive growth dynamics with microenvironmental feedback. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054105. [PMID: 38115538 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Normal life activities between cells rely crucially on the homeostasis of the cellular microenvironment, but aging and cancer will upset this balance. In this paper we introduce the microenvironmental feedback mechanism to the growth dynamics of multicellular organisms, which changes the cellular competitive ability and thereby regulates the growth of multicellular organisms. We show that the presence of microenvironmental feedback can effectively delay aging, but cancer cells may grow uncontrollably due to the emergence of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We study the effect of the fraction of cancer cells relative to that of senescent cells on the feedback rate of the microenvironment on the lifespan of multicellular organisms and find that the average lifespan shortened is close to the data for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Canada from 1980 to 2015. We also investigate how the competitive ability of cancer cells affects the lifespan of multicellular organisms and reveal that there is an optimal value of the competitive ability of cancer cells allowing the organism to survive longest. Interestingly, the proposed microenvironmental feedback mechanism can give rise to the phenomenon of Parrondo's paradox: When the competitive ability of cancer cells switches between a too-high and a too-low value, multicellular organisms are able to live longer than in each case individually. Our results may provide helpful clues for targeted therapies aimed at the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Liu
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, and Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China and Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Xi Wu
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, and Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China and Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jian-Yue Guan
- Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, and Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China and Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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46
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Sanfeliu-Cerdán N, Català-Castro F, Mateos B, Garcia-Cabau C, Ribera M, Ruider I, Porta-de-la-Riva M, Canals-Calderón A, Wieser S, Salvatella X, Krieg M. A MEC-2/stomatin condensate liquid-to-solid phase transition controls neuronal mechanotransduction during touch sensing. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1590-1599. [PMID: 37857834 PMCID: PMC10635833 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of work suggests that the material properties of biomolecular condensates ensuing from liquid-liquid phase separation change with time. How this aging process is controlled and whether the condensates with distinct material properties can have different biological functions is currently unknown. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, we show that MEC-2/stomatin undergoes a rigidity phase transition from fluid-like to solid-like condensates that facilitate transport and mechanotransduction, respectively. This switch is triggered by the interaction between the SH3 domain of UNC-89 (titin/obscurin) and MEC-2. We suggest that this rigidity phase transition has a physiological role in frequency-dependent force transmission in mechanosensitive neurons during body wall touch. Our data demonstrate a function for the liquid and solid phases of MEC-2/stomatin condensates in facilitating transport or mechanotransduction, and a previously unidentified role for titin homologues in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Sanfeliu-Cerdán
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Frederic Català-Castro
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Borja Mateos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Garcia-Cabau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ribera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Ruider
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Montserrat Porta-de-la-Riva
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Adrià Canals-Calderón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Wieser
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Xavier Salvatella
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael Krieg
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.
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47
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Mitten EK, Portincasa P, Baffy G. Portal Hypertension in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Challenges and Paradigms. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1201-1211. [PMID: 37577237 PMCID: PMC10412712 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension in cirrhosis is defined as an increase in the portal pressure gradient (PPG) between the portal and hepatic veins and is traditionally estimated by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), which is the difference in pressure between the free-floating and wedged positions of a balloon catheter in the hepatic vein. By convention, HVPG≥10 mmHg indicates clinically significant portal hypertension, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder with a heterogeneous clinical course, which includes the development of portal hypertension. There is increasing evidence that portal hypertension in NAFLD deserves special considerations. First, elevated PPG often precedes fibrosis in NAFLD, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these pathological processes. Second, HVPG underestimates PPG in NAFLD, suggesting that portal hypertension is more prevalent in this condition than currently believed. Third, cellular mechanoresponses generated early in the pathogenesis of NAFLD provide a mechanistic explanation for the pressure-fibrosis paradigm. Finally, a better understanding of liver mechanobiology in NAFLD may aid in the development of novel pharmaceutical targets for prevention and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie K. Mitten
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine and Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - György Baffy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Sarkar A, Niraula G, LeVine D, Zhao Y, Tu Y, Mollaeian K, Ren J, Que L, Wang X. Development of a Ratiometric Tension Sensor Exclusively Responding to Integrin Tension Magnitude in Live Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3701-3712. [PMID: 37738233 PMCID: PMC10788086 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Integrin tensions are critical for cell mechanotransduction. By converting force to fluorescence, molecular tension sensors image integrin tensions in live cells with a high resolution. However, the fluorescence signal intensity results collectively from integrin tension magnitude, tension dwell time, integrin density, sensor accessibility, and so forth, making it highly challenging to specifically monitor the molecular force level of integrin tensions. Here, a ratiometric tension sensor (RTS) was developed to exclusively monitor the integrin tension magnitude. The RTS consists of two tension-sensing units that are coupled in series and always subject to the same integrin tension. These two units are activated by tension to fluoresce in separate spectra and with different activation rates. The ratio of their activation probabilities, reported by fluorescence ratiometric measurement, is solely determined by the local integrin tension magnitude. RTS responded sensitively to the variation of integrin tension magnitude in platelets and focal adhesions due to different cell plating times, actomyosin inhibition, or vinculin knockout. At last, RTS confirmed that integrin tension magnitude in platelets and focal adhesions decreases monotonically with the substrate rigidity, verifying the rigidity dependence of integrin tensions in live cells and suggesting that integrin tension magnitude could be a key biomechanical factor in cell rigidity sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sarkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gopal Niraula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dana LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yuanchang Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Keyvan Mollaeian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Long Que
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, College of Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
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49
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Gonthier A, Botvinick EL, Grosberg A, Mohraz A. Effect of Porous Substrate Topographies on Cell Dynamics: A Computational Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5666-5678. [PMID: 37713253 PMCID: PMC10565724 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling cell-substrate interactions via the microstructural characteristics of biomaterials offers an advantageous path for modulating cell dynamics, mechanosensing, and migration, as well as for designing immune-modulating implants, all without the drawbacks of chemical-based triggers. Specifically, recent in vivo studies have suggested that a porous implant's microscale curvature landscape can significantly impact cell behavior and ultimately the immune response. To investigate such cell-substrate interactions, we utilized a 3D computational model incorporating the minimum necessary physics of cell migration and cell-substrate interactions needed to replicate known in vitro behaviors. This model specifically incorporates the effect of membrane tension, which was found to be necessary to replicate in vitro cell behavior on curved surfaces. Our simulated substrates represent two classes of porous materials recently used in implant studies, which have markedly different microscale curvature distributions and pore geometries. We found distinct differences between the overall migration behaviors, shapes, and actin polymerization dynamics of cells interacting with the two substrates. These differences were correlated to the shape energy of the cells as they interacted with the porous substrates, in effect interpreting substrate topography as an energetic landscape interrogated by cells. Our results demonstrate that microscale curvature directly influences cell shape and migration and, therefore, is likely to influence cell behavior. This supports further investigation of the relationship between the surface topography of implanted materials and the characteristic immune response, a complete understanding of which would broadly advance principles of biomaterial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse
R. Gonthier
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Elliot L. Botvinick
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center
for Complex Biological Systems, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Surgery,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Edwards
Lifesciences
Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation & Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center
for Complex Biological Systems, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Edwards
Lifesciences
Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation & Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- The
NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Sue
and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ali Mohraz
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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50
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Mihajlovic K, Bukvic MA, Dragic M, Scortichini M, Jacobson KA, Nedeljkovic N. Anti-inflammatory potency of novel ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 inhibitors in astrocyte culture model of neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175943. [PMID: 37541364 PMCID: PMC10527948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel cytosine-derived α,β-methylene diphosphonates designated MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 were tested in the range of 1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-3 M for their efficacy and potency in inhibiting membrane-bound ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activity in primary astrocytes in vitro. The compounds were also tested for their ability to attenuate the reactive astrocyte phenotype induced by proinflammatory cytokines. The main findings are as follows: A) The tested compounds induced concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 activity, with maximal inhibition achieved at ∼1 × 10-3M; B) All compounds showed high inhibitory potency, as reflected by IC50 values in the submicromolar range; C) All compounds showed high binding capacity, as reflected by Ki values in the low nanomolar range; D) Among the tested compounds, MRS4598 showed the highest inhibitory efficacy and potency, as reflected by IC50 and Ki values of 0.11 μM and 18.2 nM; E) Neither compound affected astrocyte proliferation and cell metabolic activity at concentrations near to IC50; E) MRS4598 was able to inhibit CD73 activity in reactive astrocytes stimulated with TNF-α and to induce concentration-dependent inhibition of CD73 in reactive astrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, with an order of magnitude higher IC50 value; F) MRS4598 was the only compound tested that was able to induce shedding of the CD73 from astrocyte membranes and to enhance astrocyte migration in the scratch wound migration assay, albeit at concentration well above its IC50 value. Given the role of CD73 in neurodegenerative diseases, MRS4598, MRS4552, and MRS4602 are promising pharmacological tools for the treatment of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adzic Bukvic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Scortichini
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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