1
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Chauhan ANS, Vini V, Kumar A, Erande RD. Synthesis of indol-3-yl-benzofurans and carbazoles via Cu(OTf) 2-catalyzed [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39105367 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00861h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
An efficient Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of indole-3-acrylate with p-benzoquinone has been developed to construct two distinct indole-tethered benzofuran scaffolds, offering the first-ever selective access to these scaffolds. Moreover, the [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of indole-3-acrylate with vinyl ketone derivatives was used to synthesize carbazoles in a one-pot manner. The disclosed strategies provided a series of selective transformations under low-catalyst loading, with a broad substrate scope featuring diverse applicability and practical simplicity of the developed protocol with easily available substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Nath Singh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikrant Vini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Rohan D Erande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India.
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2
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Ali A, Harit HK, Behera C, Singh RP. A diastereoselective strategy for dihydrophenanthrene-fused spirooxindoles via [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39091176 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective, one-pot strategy for spirooxindoles bearing dihydrophenanthrenes from readily available isatins and p-quinone methides (p-QMs) has been disclosed. Here, a sequential umpolung process via [1,2]-phospha-Brook rearrangement followed by Lewis acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization was employed to furnish the desired spiro product. This protocol provides access to potential medicinally relevant varieties of spirooxindolyl dihydrophenanthrenes in good to excellent yields and diastereoselectivity (>20 : 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Harish K Harit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Chandana Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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3
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Zhang WW, Feng Z, You SL, Zheng C. Electrophile-Arene Affinity: An Energy Scale for Evaluating the Thermodynamics of Electrophilic Dearomatization Reactions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39077910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Rational design and development of organic reactions are lofty goals in synthetic chemistry. Quantitative description of the properties of molecules and reactions by physical organic parameters plays an important role in this regard. In this Article, we report an energy scale, namely, electrophile-arene affinity (EAA), for evaluating the thermodynamics of electrophilic dearomatization reactions, a class of important transformations that can rapidly build up molecular complexity and structural diversity by converting planar aromatic compounds into three-dimensional cyclic molecules. The acquisition of EAA data can be readily achieved by theoretically calculating the enthalpy changes (ΔH) of the hypothetical reactions of various (cationic) electrophiles with aromatic systems (taking the 1-methylnaphthalen-2-olate ion as an example in this study). Linear correlations are found between the calculated ΔH values and established physical organic parameters such as the percentage of buried volume %VBur (steric effect), Hammett's σ or Brown's σ+ (electronic effect), and Mayr's E (reaction kinetics). Careful analysis of the ΔH values leads to the rational design of a dearomative alkynylation reaction using alkynyl hypervalent iodonium reagents as the electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Wang JJ, Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu WB, Wang G, Feng JJ. Switching between the [2π+2σ] and Hetero-[4π+2σ] Cycloaddition Reactivity of Bicyclobutanes with Lewis Acid Catalysts Enables the Synthesis of Spirocycles and Bridged Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405222. [PMID: 38729920 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of the complex chemical diversity of bicyclo[n.1.1]alkanes and their use as benzene bioisosteres has garnered significant attention over the past two decades. Regiodivergent syntheses of thiabicyclo[4.1.1]octanes (S-BCOs) and highly substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) using a Lewis acid-catalyzed formal cycloaddition of bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and 3-benzylideneindoline-2-thione derivatives have been established. The first hetero-(4+3) cycloaddition of BCBs, catalyzed by Zn(OTf)2, was achieved with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. In contrast, the less electrophilic BCB ester undergoes a Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed [2π+2σ] reaction with 1,1,2-trisubstituted alkenes, yielding BCHs with a spirocyclic quaternary carbon center. Control experiments and preliminary theoretical calculations suggest that the diastereoselective [2π+2σ] product formation may involve a concerted cycloaddition between a zwitterionic intermediate and E-1,1,2-trisubstituted alkenes. Additionally, the hetero-(4+3) cycloaddition may involve a concerted nucleophilic ring-opening mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Biao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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5
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Zheng WH, Lv JF, He SM, Yu N, Zhou YQ, Yang YB, Liu LY, He KC, Wei Y, Jiang K. Relay Annulation of Ammonium Ylides with Oxindole-Derived α,β-Unsaturated Ketimines: Catalytic Construction of Spiro-polycyclic Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:5115-5119. [PMID: 38862412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
An ammonium ylide-based relay annulation was disclosed, which uses DABCO as the catalyst and oxindole-derived α,β-unsaturated ketimines and γ-bromo-crotonates as the starting materials. This method enables the rapid assembly of a series of structurally novel spiro-polycyclic oxindoles containing a bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane moiety through simultaneous generation of three new bonds and two rings in one step under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing-Fang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shi-Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lv-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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6
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Zhao S, Chen M, Zhou W, Ni D, Li Z, Nie S, He Y. Green synthesis for diverse bioactive benzo-fused spiroindolines through DBU-catalysed post-Ugi double cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5455-5458. [PMID: 38689553 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free protocol utilizing DBU catalysis for post-Ugi amide-ester exchange and Conia-ene double cyclization has been successfully developed, allowing the synthesis of diverse highly functionalized benzo-fused spiroindolines with anti-cancer activities under mild conditions. Remarkably, this methodology demonstrates promising prospects for green chemistry, as it allows for the preparation of the spiroindolines in water. Control experiments indicate that a crucial role of the cyclic imide, specifically ring rigidification, facilitates the subsequent Conia-ene cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Wenlu Zhou
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dan Ni
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhenghua Li
- School of Science, Westlake University, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Shenyou Nie
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi He
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention (Ministry of Education), Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
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7
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized spiroindolines via intramolecular ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade reactions of indole-tethered ynones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3415-3419. [PMID: 38595312 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a highly diastereoselective approach for synthesizing polyfunctionalized spiroindolines from indolyl-ynones involving an ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade. The developed strategy allows the formation of a spirocyclic core and the installation of two functional groups in a single operation. Also this strategy is accompanied by the generation of two C-C and one C-I bonds and two contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
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8
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Kumar S, Arora A, Singh SK, Kumar R, Shankar B, Singh BK. Phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) as a sustainable reagent: exploring its significance in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3109-3185. [PMID: 38529599 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Iodine-containing molecules, especially hypervalent iodine compounds, have gained significant attention in organic synthesis. They are valuable and sustainable reagents, leading to a remarkable surge in their use for chemical transformations. One such hypervalent iodine compound, phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate)/bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene, commonly referred to as PIFA, has emerged as a prominent candidate due to its attributes of facile manipulation, moderate reactivity, low toxicity, and ready availability. PIFA presents an auspicious prospect as a substitute for costly organometallic catalysts and environmentally hazardous oxidants containing heavy metals. PIFA exhibits remarkable catalytic activity, facilitating an array of consequential organic reactions, including sulfenylation, alkylarylation, oxidative coupling, cascade reactions, amination, amidation, ring-rearrangement, carboxylation, and numerous others. Over the past decade, the application of PIFA in synthetic chemistry has witnessed substantial growth, necessitating an updated exploration of this field. In this discourse, we present a concise overview of PIFA's applications as a 'green' reagent in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry. A primary objective of this article is to bring to the forefront the scientific community's awareness of the merits associated with adopting PIFA as an environmentally conscientious alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Aditi Arora
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, R.D.S College, B.R.A. Bihar University, Muzaffarpur-842002, India
| | - Bhawani Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110019, India
| | - Brajendra K Singh
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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9
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Wang K, Sun Y, Li B, Zhang X, Fan X. Expeditious Synthesis of Spiroindoline Derivatives via Tandem C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Bond Functionalization of N-Methyl- N-nitrosoanilines. Org Lett 2024; 26:3091-3096. [PMID: 38567810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Presented herein is a novel synthesis of pharmaceutically privileged spiroindoline derivatives via cascade reactions of N-methyl-N-nitrosoanilines with diazo homophthalimides. A group of mechanistic studies disclosed that the formation of product involves an unusual reaction mode of N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline featuring an initial C(sp2)-H bond activation/alkylation followed by a C(sp3)-H bond activation/spiroannulation. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which N-methyl-N-nitrosoaniline acts as a C3N1 synthon to accomplish formal [4+1] spiroannulation with the participation of the N-methyl unit rather than the previously reported C2N1 synthon to undergo formal [3+2] annulation without the participation of the N-methyl unit. In general, this newly developed synthetic protocol features simple and readily accessible starting materials, valuable products, unique reaction mechanism, high efficiency and atom-economy, excellent compatibility with diverse functional groups, and ready scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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10
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Wang Y, Chen Y, Duan S, Cao Y, Sun W, Zhang M, Zhao D, Hu D, Dong J. Diastereoselective Three-Component 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition to Access Functionalized β-Tetrahydrocarboline- and Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Fused Spirooxindoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1790. [PMID: 38675610 PMCID: PMC11052326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A chemselective catalyst-free three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been described. The unique polycyclic THPI and THIQs were creatively employed as dipolarophiles, which led to the formation of functionalized β-tetrahydrocarboline- and tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused spirooxindoles in 60-94% of yields with excellent diastereoselectivities (10: 1->99: 1 dr). This reaction not only realizes a concise THPI- or THIQs-based 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, but also provides a practical strategy for the construction of two distinctive spirooxindole skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Shengli Duan
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Yiyang Cao
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Wenjin Sun
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Delin Zhao
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Donghua Hu
- College of Vocational and Technical Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China (W.S.)
| | - Jianwei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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11
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An B, Cui H, Zheng C, Chen JL, Lan F, You SL, Zhang X. Tunable C-H functionalization and dearomatization enabled by an organic photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4114-4120. [PMID: 38487217 PMCID: PMC10935768 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
C-H functionalization and dearomatization constitute fundamental transformations of aromatic compounds, which find wide applications in various research areas. However, achieving both transformations from the same substrates with a single catalyst by operating a distinct mechanism remains challenging. Here, we report a photocatalytic strategy to modulate the reaction pathways that can be directed toward either C-H functionalization or dearomatization under redox-neutral or net-reductive conditions, respectively. Two sets of indoles and indolines bearing tertiary alcohols are divergently furnished with good yields and high selectivity. The key to success is the introduction of isoazatruxene ITN-2 as a novel photocatalyst (PC), which outperforms the commonly used PCs. The ready synthesis and high modulability of isoazatruxene type PCs indicate their great application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang An
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Hao Cui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Feng Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
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12
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Shi Z, Dong S, Liu T, Wang WZ, Li N, Yuan Y, Zhu J, Ye KY. Electrochemical cascade migratory versus ortho-cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2827-2832. [PMID: 38404399 PMCID: PMC10882495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient control over several possible reaction pathways of free radicals is the chemical basis of their highly selective transformations. Among various competing reaction pathways, sulfonimidyl radicals generated from the electrolysis of 2-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides undergo cascade migratory or ortho-cyclization cyclization selectively. It is found that the incorporation of an extra 2-methyl substituent biases the selective migration of the acyl- over vinyl-linker of the key spirocyclic cation intermediate and thus serves as an enabling handle to achieve the synthetically interesting yet under-investigated cascade migratory cyclization of spirocyclic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yaofeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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13
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Yuan PF, Huang XT, Long L, Huang T, Sun CL, Yu W, Wu LZ, Chen H, Liu Q. Regioselective Dearomative Amidoximation of Nonactivated Arenes Enabled by Photohomolytic Cleavage of N-nitrosamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317968. [PMID: 38179800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative spirocyclization reactions represent a promising means to convert arenes into three-dimensional architectures; however, controlling the regioselectivity of radical dearomatization with nonactivated arenes to afford the spirocyclizative 1,2-difunctionalization other than its kinetically preferred 1,4-difunctionalization is exceptionally challenging. Here we disclose a novel strategy for dearomative 1,2- or 1,4-amidoximation of (hetero)arenes enabled by direct visible-light-induced homolysis of N-NO bonds of nitrosamides, giving rise to various highly regioselective amidoximated spirocycles that previously have been inaccessible or required elaborate synthetic efforts. The mechanism and origins of the observed regioselectivities were investigated by control experiments and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xie-Tian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linhong Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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14
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He X, Liu K, Yan S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of 1,7-Fused Indolines Tethered with Spiroindolinone Based on C-H Activation Strategy with Air as a Sustainable Oxidant. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1880-1897. [PMID: 38252142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient synthesis of 1,7-fused indolines tethered with a spiroindolinonyl moiety through the cascade reaction of indolin-1-yl(aryl)methanimines with diazo oxindoles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example in which 1,7-fused indoline skeleton was constructed along with the simultaneous introduction of a spiro element initiated by the C-H bond activation of indoline. In forming the title product, the indoline substrate and the diazo coupling partner demonstrated an unprecedented reaction pattern in which the latter acts as a C1 synthon to participate in the construction of the spirocyclic scaffold through the reductive elimination of a key seven-membered Ru(II) species by using air as an effective and sustainable oxidant to regenerate the active catalyst. Moreover, studies on the cytotoxicity of selected products against several human cancer cell lines demonstrated their potential as lead compounds for the development of anticancer drugs. With notable features such as simple and economical substrates, pharmaceutically valuable products with sophisticated spirocyclic skeleton, mild reaction conditions, cost-free and sustainable oxidants, high efficiency, excellent compatibility with diverse functional groups, and scalability, this method is expected to find wide applications in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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15
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Helal MH, Owda ME, Mogharbel AT, Hamzah Alessa A, Omer N, Abdelaziz MA, Ibrahim I, Eliwa EM. C 3-Spirooxindoles: Divergent chemical synthesis and bioactivities (2018-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107091. [PMID: 38183683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This scientific review documents the recent progress of C3-spirooxindoles chemistry (synthesis and reaction mechanism) and their bioactivities, focusing on the promising results as well as highlighting the biological mechanism via the reported molecular docking findings of the most bioactive derivatives. C3-Spirooxindoles are attractive bioactive agents and have been found in a variety of natural compounds, including alkaloids. They are widely investigated in the field of medicinal chemistry and play a key role in medication development, such as antivirals, anticancer agents, antimicrobials, etc. Regarding organic synthesis, several traditional and advanced strategies have been reported, particularly those that started with isatin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, PO 840, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat E Owda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal T Mogharbel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hamzah Alessa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Omer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Essam M Eliwa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Institute of Chemistry of Strasbourg, UMR 7177-LCSOM, CNRS, Strasbourg University, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Chiminelli M, Scarica G, Serafino A, Marchiò L, Viscardi R, Maestri G. Visible-Light-Promoted Tandem Skeletal Rearrangement/Dearomatization of Heteroaryl Enallenes. Molecules 2024; 29:595. [PMID: 38338340 PMCID: PMC10856172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Access to complex three-dimensional molecular architectures via dearomatization of ubiquitous aryl rings is a powerful synthetic tool, which faces, however, an inherent challenge to overcome energetic costs due to the loss of aromatic stabilization energy. Photochemical methods that allow one to populate high-energy states can thus be an ideal strategy to accomplish otherwise prohibitive reaction pathways. We present an original dearomative rearrangement of heteroaryl acryloylallenamides that leads to complex fused tricycles. The visible-light-promoted method occurs under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups. According to DFT modeling used to rationalize the outcome of the cascade, the reaction involves a sequential [2+2] allene-alkene photocycloaddition, which is followed by a selective retro- [2+2] step that paves the way for the dearomatization of the heteroaryl partner. This scenario is original with respect to the reported photochemical reactivity of similar substrates and thus holds promise for ample future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiminelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gabriele Scarica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrea Serafino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Rosanna Viscardi
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17°, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (L.M.)
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17
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Reddy CR, Theja A, Srinivasu E, Subbarao M. Dearomative ipso-Cyclization to Spiropseudoindoxyls: An Extendable Approach To Access Indolo[3,2- c]quinolinones and Isocryptolepine. Org Lett 2024; 26:68-72. [PMID: 38160428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free oxidative intramolecular dearomative spirocyclization of indole-3-formyl-2-carboxamides has been developed for the first time, affording spiropseudoindoxyls in good yields. This domino process proceeds through sequential oxidation, decarboxylation and ipso-arylation. The unique feature of this approach includes the compatibility of N-protected-indole-2-carboxamides. Further, a hitherto unknown rearrangement of spiropseudoindoxyls to indoloquinolones has been achieved. The synthetic utility of this strategy has also been showcased by the construction of a natural alkaloid, isocryptolepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Agnuru Theja
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ejjirotu Srinivasu
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Muppidi Subbarao
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Zhao Y, Li X, Deng WH, Wu B, Liao RZ, Zhou YG. Dearomatization of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Derived N-Sulfonylimines through Cyclopropanation with Sulfur Ylides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:321-329. [PMID: 38086000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented dearomatization of [2.2]paracyclophane-derived cyclic N-sulfonylimines was conducted through cyclopropanation with sulfur ylides, giving a series of dearomative cyclopropanes with good yields. DFT calculations suggested that the dearomatization was attributed to the relatively weak aromaticity of [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives that resulted from the effect of the unique [2.2]paracyclophane skeleton and the electron-withdrawing N-sulfonyl group. Some downstream elaborations of the products were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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19
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Gao W, Yang Q, Yang H, Yao Y, Bai J, Sun J, Sun S. Visible-Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Intermolecular α-Aminomethyl/Carboxylative Dearomatization of Indoles with CO 2 and α-Aminoalkyl Radical Precursors. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38179973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Disclosed here is a visible-light photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular sequential α-aminomethyl/carboxylative dearomatization of indoles with CO2 and α-aminoalkyl radical precursors, affording a series of functionalized indoline-3-carboxylic acids and lactams in good yields with high regioselectivity. This multicomponent reaction provides a green and facile method for the synthesis of diverse functionalized indolines by using CO2 as the carboxylic and carbonyl source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxu Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Han Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junxue Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Song Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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20
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Sah P, Gond AK, Saini G, Kapur M. A Sequential Transition Metal and Organocatalytic Approach to the Enantioselective Synthesis of C2-Spiroindoline Systems. Org Lett 2023; 25:9170-9175. [PMID: 38100382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an organocatalyzed enantioselective spirocyclization strategy to access valuable C2-spiroindoline scaffolds bearing a quaternary stereocenter via an aza-Michael addition reaction, wherein the acid additive plays the role of dual functionality. The substrates for this key step were put together by an exo-selective, Pd-catalyzed γ-arylation of silyldienol ethers of the corresponding cyclohexenones. A close alliance between a low catalyst loading and a slow reaction rate yields C2-spiroindolines with good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Aakash Kumar Gond
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Gaurav Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, MP, India
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21
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Roose T, McSorley F, Groenhuijzen B, Saya JM, Maes BUW, Orrù RVA, Ruijter E. Dearomative Spirocyclization of Tryptamine-Derived Isocyanides via Iron-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer. J Org Chem 2023; 88:17345-17355. [PMID: 38048350 PMCID: PMC10729054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Tryptamine-derived isocyanides are valuable building blocks in the construction of spirocyclic indolenines and indolines via dearomatization of the indole moiety. We report the Bu4N[Fe(CO)3NO]-catalyzed carbene transfer of α-diazo esters to 3-(2-isocyanoethyl)indoles, leading to ketenimine intermediates that undergo spontaneous dearomative spirocyclization. The utility of this iron-catalyzed carbene transfer/spirocyclization cascade was demonstrated by its use as a key step in the formal total synthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (±)-aspidofractinine, (±)-limaspermidine, (±)-aspidospermidine, and (±)-17-demethoxy-N-acetylcylindrocarine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
R. Roose
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Finn McSorley
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bryan Groenhuijzen
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordy M. Saya
- Organic
Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 KD Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Organic
Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.s
| | - Romano V. A. Orrù
- Organic
Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 KD Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department
of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute
for Molecular & Life Science (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Ma WB, Wang LG, Chen SR, Zhang X, Xuan J, Li F. Synthesis of spiro[indolenine]-methanofullerenes via Deoxofluor promoted deoxygenative cyclopropanation of 1,2-(3-indole)-fullerenols. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9459-9462. [PMID: 37997156 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Deoxofluor-promoted intramolecular cyclopropanation of 1,2-(3-indole)fullerenols has been developed as a straightforward and efficient protocol for the synthesis of various spiro[indolenine]-methanofullerenes. This approach exhibits low cost, operational simplicity, and convenient conditions, and thus has potential application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Long-Ge Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Shou-Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University; Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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23
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Dong X, Liu X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Tian L, Zhao Y. Catalyst-Free gem-Difluorination/Spirocyclization of Indole-2-carboxamides: Synthesis of C2-Spiroindoline Derivatives. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38014899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free gem-difluorination/spirocyclization reaction has been successfully developed for the synthesis of gem-difluorinated C2-spiroindoline derivatives from indole-2-carboxamides. The resulting gem-difluorinated C2-spiroindolines can be easily converted into 2-spiropseudoindoxyls through hydrolysis. This method offers the benefits of simple operation, convenient access to raw materials, and mild conditions. Dual function of Selectfluor in this reaction is noteworthy as it can serve as both a fluorinating agent and an alkaline accelerator precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Laijin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Universities of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China
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24
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Ni D, Hu S, Tan X, Yu Y, Li Z, Deng L. Intermolecular Formal Cycloaddition of Indoles with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes by Lewis Acid Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308606. [PMID: 37583090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a new approach to directly access architecturally complex polycyclic indolines from readily available indoles and bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) through formal cycloaddition promoted by commercially available Lewis acids. The reaction proceeded through a stepwise pathway involving a nucleophilic addition of indoles to BCBs followed by an intramolecular Mannich reaction to form rigid indoline-fused polycyclic structures, which resemble polycyclic indole alkaloids. This new reaction tolerated a wide range of indoles and BCBs, thereby allowing the one-step construction of various rigid indoline polycycles containing up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Deng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
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25
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Liu TX, Wang X, Xia S, Chen M, Li M, Yang P, Ma N, Hu Z, Yang S, Zhang G, Wang GW. Dearomative Ring-Fused Azafulleroids and Carbazole-Derived Metallofullerenes: Reactivity Dictated by Encapsulation in a Fullerene Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313074. [PMID: 37789646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report divergent additions of 2,2'-diazidobiphenyls to C60 and Sc3 N@Ih -C80 . In stark contrast to that of the previously reported bis-azide additions, the unexpected cascade reaction leads to the dearomative formation of azafulleroids 2 fused with a 7-6-5-membered ring system in the case of C60 . In contrast, the corresponding reaction with Sc3 N@Ih -C80 switches to the C-H insertion pathway, thereby resulting in multiple isomers, including a carbazole-derived [6,6]-azametallofulleroid 3 and a [5,6]-azametallofulleroid 4 and an unusual 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]carbazole-derived metallofullerene 5, whose molecular structures have been unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Among them, the addition type of 5 is observed for the first time in all reported additions of azides to fullerenes. Furthermore, unexpected isomerizations from 3 to 5 and from 4 to 5 have been discovered, providing the first examples of the isomerization of an azafulleroid to a carbazole-derived fullerene rather than an aziridinofullerene. In particular, the isomerism of the [5,6]-isomer 4 to the [5,6]-isomer 5 is unprecedented in fullerene chemistry, contradicting the present understanding that isomerization generally occurs between [5,6]- and [6,6]-isomers. Control experiments have been carried out to rationalize the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, representative azafulleroids have been applied in organic solar cells, thereby resulting in improved power conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Panting Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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26
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Kee Cheng J, Tan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds Involving Indole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300147. [PMID: 37358342 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most ubiquitous subclass of N-heterocycles and are increasingly incorporated to design new axially chiral scaffolds. The rich profile of reactivity and N-H functionality allow chemical derivatization for enhanced medicinal, material and catalytic properties. Although asymmetric C-C coupling of two arenes gives the most direct access of axially chiral biaryl scaffolds, this chemistry has been the remit of metal catalysis and works efficiently on limited substrates. Our group has devoted special interest in devising novel organocatalytic arylation reactions to fabricate biaryl atropisomers. In this realm, indoles and derivatives have been reliably used as the arylation partners in combination with azoarenes, nitrosonapthalenes and quinone derivatives. Their efficient interaction with chiral phosphoric acid catalyst as well as the tunability of electronics and sterics have enabled excellent control of stereo-, chemo- and regioselectivity to furnish diverse scaffolds. In addition, indoles could act as nucleophiles in desymmetrization of 1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones. This account provides a succinct illustration of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kee Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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27
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Alshammari MB, Aly AA, Ahmad A, Brown AB, Mohamed AH. Recent synthetic strategies of spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives-a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32786-32823. [PMID: 37942448 PMCID: PMC10628897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiro-heterocycles have received special attention in medicinal chemistry because of their promising biological activity. Over the years, many synthetic methodologies have been established for the construction of spirocyclic compounds. Spiro heterocycles such as spiro-azetidin-2-one, -pyrrolidine, -indol(one) and -pyran derivatives have been found to exhibit diversified biological and pharmacological activity in addition to their therapeutic properties. In view of these facts, we decided in this review to present representative synthetic approaches of the aforementioned spiro heterocycles, especially in the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed B Alshammari
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharij Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519 El-Minia Egypt
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharij Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne FL 32901 USA
| | - Asmaa H Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519 El-Minia Egypt
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28
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Lu L, Huang H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhou Y, Xiao Q. Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Dearomatization Annulation Cascade Reaction of Furans for Stereoselective Access to 2,5-Dihydrofurans. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14435-14444. [PMID: 37768003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel palladium-catalyzed intermolecular dearomatization of furans with alkynes via a three-component formal [3 + 2] spiroannulation/allylic substitution cascade reaction has been successfully developed for the stereoselective assembly of spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran frameworks. High step economy and efficacy as well as excellent stereoselectivity were achieved for a broad substrate scope. Two new C-C bonds and one new C-O bond were generated sequentially in a one-pot manipulation. The yielded spiro 2,5-dihydrofuran skeleton bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon center constitutes the core structure for plenty of useful natural products or corresponding analogues. This work represents a significant advancement in the dearomatization strategy for furan heterocycles and provides a practical methodology for expedited access to complex spiro dihydrofuran scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jiang Bai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Nanchang 330013, China
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29
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Zhang X, Dai HY, Liu WC, Zeng R, Dai Z, Wang YP, Li JL, Li QZ, Han B. Base-Promoted Formal (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of α-Halohydroxamates with Electron-Deficient Alkenyl-iminoindolines To Synthesize Spiro-indolinepyrrolidinones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14619-14633. [PMID: 37789599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Construction of pyrrolidinyl-spiroindoles with easily available starting materials has attracted considerable attention from the synthesis community and is in great demand. Here, we describe a base-promoted formal (3 + 2) cycloaddition of α-halohydroxamates with alkenyl-iminoindolines. The present methodology features mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope with up to 99% yield and excellent diastereoselectivity. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated through valuable synthetic transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies shed light on the mechanism of this cycloaddition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Cong Liu
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Peng Wang
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhu Li
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Anti-infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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30
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Miankooshki FR, Bayat M, Nasri S, Samet NH. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of isatin-derived azomethine ylides for the synthesis of spirooxindole and indole-derived scaffolds: recent developments. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2365-2397. [PMID: 35925529 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The unique therapeutic and biological characteristics of spirooxindole have led to the presentation of numerous reactions for the synthesis of spirooxindoles through 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of highly reactive isatin-derived azomethine ylides with activated olefins as the main tool for the formation of spirocyclic oxindoles during the last 4 years. Therefore, there is a need to highlight the recent developments in this area, along with the representative synthetic methods and relevant reaction mechanisms from 2018 to 2021. The representative synthetic methodologies were listed in four sections based on the procedure to form the azomethine ylide species including isatins and amino acids, isatin-derived α-(trifluoromethyl)imine, isatins and benzylamines, and from isatin-derived cyclic imine 1,3-dipoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Shima Nasri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Narges Habibi Samet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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31
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Xue A, Wei S, Wei X, Huang Y, Qu J, Wang B. Squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric regioselective allylic alkylation of 4-aminopyrazolones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7173-7179. [PMID: 37609939 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
An efficient squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of 4-aminopyrazolones with various MBH carbonates via different pathways has been described. This method provides access to a series of pyrazolone derivatives bearing a nitrogen-containing quaternary stereocenter in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities and regioselectivities under mild conditions. In addition, we utilized the target products to construct a range of bi-heterocyclic skeletons through [3 + 2] cycloadditions. These novel hybrid heterocycles would be promising candidates for drug-discovery programs and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xingfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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32
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Rupa K, Anbarasan P. Rhodium Catalyzed [4 + 1]-Annulation of o-Acylanilines with 3-Diazoindoline-2-imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:6357-6362. [PMID: 37602993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient rhodium catalyzed [4 + 1]-annulation of o-acylanilines with 3-diazoindoline-2-imines has been successfully accomplished for the synthesis of spiroindolines in good to excellent yield. The reaction occurs through formation of N-ylide followed by cyclization and showed good tolerance to various functional groups. Gram-scale synthesis, diastereoselective construction of tetrasubstituted indoline, synthesis of spirooxindole, and isolation of potential intermediates have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavuri Rupa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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33
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Sun J, Liu X, Sun Q, Han Y, Yan CG. Convenient Synthetic Protocols for Diverse Functionalized Dihydrobenzofuran-Fused Spiro-indanedione-oxindole Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11562-11580. [PMID: 37498181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Diverse functionalized dihydrobenzofuran spiro-indanedione-oxindole scaffolds were conveniently synthesized by base-promoted cyclization reaction of Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) carbonates of isatins and 2-(o-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-indanediones. The two diastereomeric dispiro[indene-2,1'-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-2',3″'-indolines] could be selectively synthesized by using DABCO or DMAP as a base promoter. More importantly, DABCO or DMAP facilitated the annulation reaction of MBH formates of isatins and 2-(o-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,3-indanediones selectively, resulting in spiro[cyclopropa[c]chromene-1,2'-indene]-1',3'-diones or dispiro[indene-2,1'-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-2',3″'-indolines]. Additionally, a similar reaction with MBH maleimides of isatins afforded dispiro[indene-2,5'-benzofuro[2',3':1,5]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrrole-4',3″'-indolines] in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Ying Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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34
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Hu W, Huang J, Yao J, Guo W, Gao G, Yin F, Hu H, Pei X, Wang H, Tao C. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Dearomatization of Indoles to Achieve Carbonyl-Containing Spirocyclic Indolenines Bearing an All-Carbon Quaternary Center. Org Lett 2023; 25:5951-5956. [PMID: 37535423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed carbonylative dearomatization via an acyl Pd complex has been developed. Diversified carbonyl-containing spirocyclic indolenines with an all-carbon quaternary center were constructed in an efficient and straightforward way with good to excellent yields. The protocol features a simple catalytic system, operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, easy scale-up, and versatile transformations. In addition, the asymmetric reaction was initially explored with moderate enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyu Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenting Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Jiangsu Province Lianyungang Flood Control and Motorized Rescue Team, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujun Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayou Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low Dimensional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Xiaoqin Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanzhou Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China
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35
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Lei ZL, Liu TC, Cui FH, Pan YM, Li SH, Tang HT. Electrochemical Promoted Three-Component Trifluoromethylation/Spirocyclization Reaction of N-Arylsulfonylacrylamides to 4-Azaspiro[4.5]decanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6001-6005. [PMID: 37548921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical facilitated three-component trifluoromethylation/spirocyclization reaction of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides, CF3SO2Na, and H2O has been developed. Without the requirement of chemical oxidants, a number of unexplored trifluoromethylated 4-azaspiro[4.5]decanes were obtained in satisfactory yields under mild conditions. This work provides a new synthetic strategy for fluorine-containing spirocyclic compounds and shows a new perspective for the reactivity study of N-(arylsulfonyl)acrylamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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36
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Zhu J, Li J, Zhang L, Sun S, Yang L, Fu J, Sun H, Cheng M, Lin B, Liu Y. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Substitution-Controlled Syntheses of Spiro[indoline-3,3 '-pyrrolidine] and Spiro[indoline-3,3 '-piperidine] Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37449800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Spiro[indoline-3,3'-pyrrolidine] and spiro[indoline-3,3'-piperidine] derivatives were synthesized in a substitution-controlled manner under the catalysis of cationic gold(I) species in the presence of Hantzsch ester (HEH). The optimal reaction condition was determined by screening, and the functional group tolerances of these two pathways were examined by readily synthetic substrates. The endo and exo selectivities of these cyclizations were elucidated by density functional theory calculations, and a plausible mechanism for these transformations was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaji Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Fu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Hanyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
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37
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Guo B, Lv J, Lu L, Hua R. Synthesis of Cyclopenta[ c]quinolines by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of 3-Bromoindoles with Internal Alkynes via Spirocyclic Cyclopentadiene Intermediates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the construction of a cyclopenta[c]quinoline ring via cyclization of 3-bromoindoles with internal alkynes in the presence of palladium is described. The formation of the cyclopenta[c]quinoline ring is proposed from a double [1,5] carbon sigmatropic rearrangement of the spirocyclic cyclopentadiene intermediate, which is generated in situ from the cyclization of 3-bromoindoles with internal alkynes involving a sequential double alkyne insertion into the carbon-palladium bond and dearomatization of indole. The present studies have developed a novel ring-expansion reaction of the pyrrole ring to pyridine via one carbon insertion into the C2-C3 bond of indoles and provided a simple and distinct route for the construction of tricyclic fused-quinoline derivatives that are not easy to access with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaying Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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38
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Divar M, Edraki N, Damghani T, Moosavi F, Mohabbati M, Alipour A, Pirhadi S, Saso L, Khabnadideh S, Firuzi O. Novel spiroindoline quinazolinedione derivatives as anticancer agents and potential FLT3 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117367. [PMID: 37348260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable recent progress in therapeutic strategies, cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death. Molecularly targeted therapies, in particular those focused on blocking receptor tyrosine kinases have produced promising outcomes in recent years. In this study, a new series of spiro[indoline-3,2'-quinazoline]-2,4'(3'H)-dione derivatives (5a-5l) were synthesized and evaluated as potential kinase inhibitors with anticancereffects. The anti-proliferative activity was measured by MTT assay, while the cell cycle was studied using flow cytometry. Moreover, kinase inhibition profiles of the most promising compounds were assessed against a panel of 25 oncogenic kinases. Compounds 5f,5g,5i, and 5jshowed anti-proliferative effect against EBC-1, A549, and HT-29 solid tumor models in addition to leukemia cell line K562. In particular, compound 5f, bearing 4-methylphenyl pendant on the isatin ring displayed considerable potency with IC50 values of 2.4 to 13.4 μM against cancer cells. The most potent derivatives also altered the distribution of cells in different phases of cell cycle and increased the sub-G1 phase cells in K562 cells. Moreover, kinase inhibition assays identified FLT3 kinase was as the primary targetof these derivatives. Compound 5f at 25 μM concentration showed inhibitory activities of 55% and 62% against wild-type FLT3 and its mutant, D835Y, respectively. Finally, the docking and simulation studies revealed the important interactions of compound 5f with wild type and mutant FLT3. The results of this study showed that some novel spiroindoline quinazolinedione compounds could be potential candidates for further development as novel targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Divar
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Damghani
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohabbati
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alipour
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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39
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Pu E, Li L, Ye S, Wei L, Ma G, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chen J. Iodine(III)-Mediated C-C Bond Coupling to Construct Spirocyclic Indolenines of Various Ring Sizes. Org Lett 2023; 25:3533-3538. [PMID: 37154601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel iodine(III)-mediated intramolecular dearomative spirocyclization of indole derivatives to generate highly strained spirocyclobutyl, spirocyclopentyl, and spirocyclohexyl indolenines in moderate to good yields. A set of structurally novel, densely functionalized spiroindolenines with broad functional group compatibility was efficiently constructed in this way under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the β-enamine ester as a versatile functional group in the product provides great convenience for the synthesis of bioactive compounds and related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanren Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxiong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Enfan Pu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Silei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Longsheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guolan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
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40
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Ikeda K, Kojima R, Kawai K, Murakami T, Kikuchi T, Kojima M, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Formation of Isolable Dearomatized [4 + 2] Cycloadducts from Benzenes, Naphthalenes, and N-Heterocycles Using 1,2-Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones as Arenophiles under Visible Light Irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9326-9333. [PMID: 37055373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We report that the dearomative [4 + 2] cycloaddition between 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diones (TETRADs) and benzenes, naphthalenes, or N-heteroaromatic compounds under visible light irradiation affords the corresponding isolable cycloadducts. Several synthetic transformations including transition-metal-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions using the isolated cycloadducts at room temperature or above were demonstrated. Computational studies revealed that the retro-cycloaddition of the benzene-TETRAD adduct proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism, while that of the benzene-MTAD adduct (MTAD = 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione) proceeds via a synchronous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Riku Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takayasu Murakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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41
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Zhu J, Li J, Zhang L, Sun S, Wang Z, Li X, Yang L, Cheng M, Lin B, Liu Y. Quantum Mechanical Prediction and Experimental Verification of Au(I)-Catalyzed Substitution-Controlled Syntheses of 1 H-Pyrido[4,3- b]indole and Spiro[indoline-3,3'-pyridine] Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5483-5496. [PMID: 37043684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were applied to predict the pathways of gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of the indole substrates with 1,6-enynes, which were consistent with the ensuing experimental results. The substitution-controlled synthesis led to the formation of 1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and spiro[indoline-3,3'-pyridine] derivatives in a tunable way. The reactions had good functional group tolerances, and a possible mechanism was proposed based on the computational and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaji Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Zhaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China, Benxi 117000, P. R. China
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42
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Yang D, He L, Ma S, Li S, Zhang Y, Hu C, Huang J, Xu Z, Tang D, Chen Z. Pharmacological Targeting of Bcl-2 Induces Caspase 3-Mediated Cleavage of HDAC6 and Regulates the Autophagy Process in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076662. [PMID: 37047634 PMCID: PMC10095469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound 6d, a spiroindoline compound, exhibits antiproliferative capability against cancer cell lines. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this compound-mediated inhibitory capability remains unclear. Here, we showed that compound 6d is an inhibitor of Bcl-2, which suppresses CRC growth by inducing caspase 3-mediated intrinsic apoptosis of mitochondria. Regarding the underlying mechanism, we identified HDAC6 as a direct substrate for caspase 3, and caspase 3 activation induced by compound 6d directly cleaves HDAC6 into two fragments. Moreover, the cleavage site was located at D1088 in the DMAD-S motif HDAC6. Apoptosis stimulated by compound 6d promoted autophagy initiation by inhibiting interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin 1, while it led to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and the reduction of autophagic flux. Collectively, our findings reveal that the Bcl-2-caspase 3-HDAC6 cascade is a crucial regulatory pathway of autophagy and identify compound 6d as a novel lead compound for disrupting the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shuiqing Ma
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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43
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Sun S, Hao J, Cheng M, Liu Y, Lin B. Computational insight into gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular regioselectivity of tryptamine-ynamide cycloisomerizations. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2610-2619. [PMID: 36896738 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The regioselectivity for gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular cycloisomerizations of tryptamine-ynamides has long been elusive despite various synthetic examples of similar substrates being available. Computational studies were carried out to provide insight into the mechanisms and the origin of the substrate-dependent regioselectivity of these transformations. Based on the analyses of non-covalent interactions, distortion/interaction, and energy decomposition on the interactions between the terminal substituent of alkynes and the gold(I) catalytic ligand, the electrostatic effect was determined to be the key factor for α-position selectivity while the dispersion effect was determined to be the key factor for β-position selectivity. Our computational results were consistent with the experimental observations. This study provides useful guidance for understanding other similar gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric alkyne cyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinle Hao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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44
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Chiminelli M, Serafino A, Ruggeri D, Marchiò L, Bigi F, Maggi R, Malacria M, Maestri G. Visible-Light Promoted Intramolecular para-Cycloadditions on Simple Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216817. [PMID: 36705630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dearomative cycloadditions are a powerful tool to access a large chemical space exploiting simple and ubiquitous building blocks. The energetic burden due to the loss of aromaticity has however greatly limited their synthetic potential. We devised a general intramolecular method that overcomes these limitations thanks to the photosensitization of allenamides. The visible-light-promoted process gives complex [2.2.2]-(hetero)-bicyclooctadienes at room temperature, likely through the stabilization of transient (bi)radicals by naphthalene. The reaction tolerates several valuable functionalities, offering a convenient handle for a myriad of applications, including original isoindoles and metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Serafino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Davide Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Bigi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy.,IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
| | - Max Malacria
- IPCM (UMR CNRS 8232), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43 124, Parma, Italy
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45
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Peng M, Wang CS, Chen PP, Roisnel T, Doucet H, Houk KN, Soulé JF. Merging C-H Bond Activation, Alkyne Insertion, and Rearrangements by Rh(III)-Catalysis: Oxindole Synthesis from Nitroarenes and Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4508-4516. [PMID: 36802602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a Rh(III)-catalyzed ortho-C-H bond functionalization of nitroarenes with 1,2-diarylalkynes and carboxylic anhydrides. The reaction unpredictably affords 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles with the formal reduction of the nitro group under redox-neutral conditions. Besides good functional group tolerance, this transformation allows the preparation of oxindoles with a quaternary carbon stereocenter using nonsymmetrical 1,2-diarylalkynes. This protocol is facilitated by the use of a functionalized cyclopentadienyl (CpTMP*)Rh(III) [CpTMP* = 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl] catalyst we developed, which combines an electron-rich character with an elliptical shape. Mechanistic investigations, including the isolation of three rhodacyle intermediates and extensive density functional theory calculations, indicate that the reaction proceeds through nitrosoarene intermediates via a cascade of C-H bond activation─O-atom transfer─[1,2]-aryl shift─deoxygenation─N-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Peng
- Univ Rennes, CNRS UMR6226, Rennes F-3500, France
| | | | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | | | - Henri Doucet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS UMR6226, Rennes F-3500, France
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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46
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Tanaka H, Yasui T, Uyanik M, Ishihara K. 1,3-Migrative Ring Expansion of Spiroindolenines to Azepino[3,4- b]indoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:2377-2381. [PMID: 36847223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We serendipitously found an unprecedented 5-to-7-membered ring expansion of 2-alkylspiroindolenines to azepinoindoles mediated by n-tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The starting materials can be easily prepared by the hypoiodite-catalyzed oxidative dearomative spirocyclization of indole derivatives. Mildly basic conditions and electron-deficient protecting groups for the amines were found to be crucial to promoting chemoselective reactions. Moreover, the ring expansion of aniline-derived spiroindolenines proceeds smoothly under much milder conditions using only a catalytic amount of cesium carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yasui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Muhammet Uyanik
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ishihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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47
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Applications of Hantzsch Esters in Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantzsch esters (1,4-dihydropyridine dicarboxylates) have become, in this century, very versatile reagents for enantioselective organic transformations. They can act as hydride transfer agents to reduce, regioselectively, a variety of multiple bonds, e.g., C=C and C=N, under mild reaction conditions. They are excellent reagents for the dearomatization of heteroaromatic substances, and participate readily in cascade processes. In the last few years, they have also become useful reagents for photoredox reactions. They can participate as sacrificial electron and hydrogen donors and when 4-alkyl or 4-acyl-substituted, they can act as alkyl or acyl radical transfer agents. These last reactions may take place in the presence or absence of a photocatalyst. This review surveys the literature published in this area in the last five years.
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48
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Yu M, Jin T, Wang X, Li H, Ji D, Yao J, Zeng H, Shi S, Xu K, Zhang L. Regioselective intramolecular cyclization of o-alkynyl arylamines with the in situ formation of ArXCl to construct poly-functionalized 3-selenylindoles. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6210-6216. [PMID: 36825294 PMCID: PMC9941895 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00030c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, a practical and metal-free method for the synthesis of poly-functionalized 3-selenyl/sulfenyl/telluriumindoles from o-alkynyl arylamines has been achieved. In this protocol, the in situ formation of selenenyl chloride, sulfenyl chloride or tellurenyl chloride is considered as the key intermediate and the 3-selenyl/sulfenyl/telluriumindoles can be obtained in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the product 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole can be selectively oxidized to compounds 2-phenyl-3-(phenylseleninyl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole and 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselenonyl)-1-tosyl-1H-indole in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Yu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China .,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Tao Jin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | | | - Haohu Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Decai Ji
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Jinzhong Yao
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 Zhejiang China
| | - Heyang Zeng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Senlei Shi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Kaimeng Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
| | - Lianpeng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650224 Yunnan China
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49
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Fan L, Zhu X, Liu X, He F, Yang G, Xu C, Yang X. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 3,n-Fused Tricyclic Indole Skeletons via Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041647. [PMID: 36838635 PMCID: PMC9964631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
3,n-fused (n = 4-7) tricyclic indoles are pervasive motifs, embedded in a variety of biologically active molecules and natural products. Thus, numerous catalytic methods have been developed for the synthesis of these skeletons over the past few decades. In particular, palladium-catalyzed transformations have received much attention in recent years. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of these tricyclic indoles with palladium-catalyzed domino reactions and their applications in the total synthesis of representative natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fangyu He
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cuilian Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xifa Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
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50
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Yasui M, Ohbu H, Ishikawa M, Yoshida T, Takeda N, Hirao S, Abe T, Ueda M. Synthesis of Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-(thi)ones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1093-1106. [PMID: 36576873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were synthesized via one-pot chloroformylation-dearomatizing spirocyclization of tryptamine derivatives. Moreover, the "thio" equivalent spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-thiones, for which the synthesis and properties were previously unreported, were synthesized. The procedures are easily implemented, have a broad scope, and are transition-metal-free and cheap. To demonstrate the utility of the synthetic methodology, the spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-2'-ones were converted into heterocyclic scaffolds, such as an optically active spiroindoline and spirooxindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Haruna Ohbu
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Maho Ishikawa
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Yoshida
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Seiya Hirao
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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