1
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Yu K, Ward TR. C-H functionalization reactions catalyzed by artificial metalloenzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112621. [PMID: 38852295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
CH functionalization, a promising frontier in modern organic chemistry, facilitates the direct conversion of inert CH bonds into many valuable functional groups. Despite its merits, traditional homogeneous catalysis, often faces challenges in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability towards this transformation. In this context, artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs), resulting from the incorporation of a catalytically-competent metal cofactor within an evolvable protein scaffold, bridges the gap between the efficiency of enzymatic transformations and the versatility of transition metal catalysis. Accordingly, ArMs have emerged as attractive tools for various challenging catalytic transformations. Additionally, the coming of age of directed evolution has unlocked unprecedented avenues for optimizing enzymatic catalysis. Taking advantage of their genetically-encoded protein scaffold, ArMs have been evolved to catalyze various CH functionalization reactions. This review delves into the recent developments of ArM-catalyzed CH functionalization reactions, highlighting the benefits of engineering the second coordination sphere around a metal cofactor within a host protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland.
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2
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Zeng L, Yang Q, Wang J, Wang X, Wang P, Wang S, Lv S, Muhammad S, Liu Y, Yi H, Lei A. Programmed alternating current optimization of Cu-catalyzed C-H bond transformations. Science 2024; 385:216-223. [PMID: 38991063 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado0875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Direct current (DC) electrosynthesis, which has undergone optimization over the past century, plays a pivotal role in a variety of industrial processes. Alternating current (AC) electrosynthesis, characterized by polarity reversal and periodic fluctuations, may be advantageous for multiple chemical reactions, but apparatus, principles, and application scenarios remain underdeveloped. In this work, we introduce a protocol for programmed AC (pAC) electrosynthesis that systematically adjusts currents, frequencies, and duty ratios. The application of representative pAC waveforms facilitates copper-catalyzed carbon-hydrogen bond cleavage in cross-coupling and difunctionalization reactions that exhibit suboptimal performance under DC and chemical oxidation conditions. Moreover, observing catalyst dynamic variation under diverse waveform applications provides mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Yang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shide Lv
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yichang Liu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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3
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Zheng Y, Dong QX, Wen SY, Ran H, Huang HM. Di-π-ethane Rearrangement of Cyano Groups via Energy-Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18210-18217. [PMID: 38788197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular rearrangement occupies a pivotal position among fundamental transformations in synthetic chemistry. Radical translocation has emerged as a prevalent synthetic tool, efficiently facilitating the migration of diverse functional groups. In contrast, the development of di-π-methane rearrangement remains limited, particularly in terms of the translocation of cyano functional groups. This is primarily attributed to the energetically unfavorable three-membered-ring transition state. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented di-π-ethane rearrangement enabled by energy-transfer catalysis under visible light conditions. This innovative open-shell rearrangement boasts broad tolerance toward a range of functional groups, encompassing even complex drug and natural product derivatives. Overall, the reported di-π-ethane rearrangement represents a complementary strategy to the development of radical translocation enabled by energy-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi-Xin Dong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu-Ya Wen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Ran
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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4
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Cao K, Han J, Ye W, Hu D, Ye Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Chen F. Enantioselective Aminosilylation of Alkenes by Palladium/Ming-Phos-Catalyzed Tandem Narasaka-Heck/Silylation Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403470. [PMID: 38970207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed enantioselective aminosilylation of alkenes via tandem Aza-Heck/silylation reaction under Pd/Sadphos catalysis is disclosed. A wide array of oxime esters and silicon reagents are tolerated, furnishing the chiral pyrrolines bearing one quaternary or two contiguous stereocenters in good yield with high enantioselectivity. Not only terminal alkenes but also tri-substituented internal alkenes successfully participate in the reaction, delivering vicinal stereocenters in complete diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. DFT study is conducted to probe the reaction pathway and the origin of the enantioselectivity, which revealed that the stereoinduction arises from the weak interaction between the aromatic ring of the substrate fragment and naphthyl group in the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Cao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, China
| | - Wenshao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dejun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200433, China
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5
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Xu S, Wang Q, Rajeshkumar T, Jiang S, Maron L, Xu X. Reductive Dimerization of Alkenes and Allenes Enabled by Photochemically Activated Zinc-Zinc Bonded Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38957130 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal radicals have shown versatile reactivity in modern synthetic chemistry. However, the use of zinc radicals for molecular synthesis has been barely explored. Here, we show that a transient zinc radical can be formed through photoactivation of a zinc-zinc bonded compound, which is able to mediate the selective dimerization of alkenes and allenes. Treatment of dizinc compounds [L2Zn2] [L = CH3C(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)CHC(CH3)(NCH2CH2PR2); R = Ph (LPh) or iPr (LiPr)] with a diverse array of aromatic alkenes under UV irradiation (365 nm) facilely afforded the head-to-head coupling products, i.e., 1,4-dizinciobutanes in high yields. In addition, arylallenes could also be selectively dimerized by the dizinc compound to give 2,5-dizincyl-functionalized 1,5-hexadienes under the same conditions. Control reactions of [LPh2Zn2] in the presence of UV irradiation isolated a zinc phenyl complex and a trimeric zinc phosphide complex resulting from C-P bond cleavage at the tridentate ligand. Reactions of photoactivated dizinc compounds with organic spin traps, i.e., 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy), successfully isolated zinc radical trapping products [LZnOTEMP] and [LPhZn(2,2'-bpy)·-], respectively. The profile of alkene dimerization was elucidated by density functional theory calculations, which confirmed that a transient zinc radical [LZn·] was initially generated through homolytic Zn-Zn bond cleavage via photoactivation followed by single-electron transfer and radical dimerization. The unique selectivity of the current reaction was also studied computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuilian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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6
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Li Y, Shi H, Yin G. Synthetic techniques for thermodynamically disfavoured substituted six-membered rings. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:535-550. [PMID: 38822206 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Six-membered rings are ubiquitous structural motifs in bioactive compounds and multifunctional materials. Notably, their thermodynamically disfavoured isomers, like disubstituted cyclohexanes featuring one substituent in an equatorial position and the other in an axial position, often exhibit enhanced physical and biological activities in comparison with their opposite isomers. However, the synthesis of thermodynamically disfavoured isomers is, by its nature, challenging, with only a limited number of possible approaches. In this Review, we summarize and compare synthetic methodologies that produce substituted six-membered rings with thermodynamically disfavoured substitution patterns. We place particular emphasis on elucidating the crucial stereoinduction factors within each transformation. Our aim is to stimulate interest in the synthesis of these unique structures, while simultaneously providing synthetic chemists with a guide to approaching this synthetic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Liu S, Huang Y. Photoredox/copper-catalyzed gem-difluoroalkylation-cyanation of 1,3-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4895-4900. [PMID: 38826121 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper-catalyzed 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes with readily available difluoroalkylating reagents and TMSCN was developed. This reaction proceeded at mild conditions, affording the corresponding difluoroalkylated allenes in good yields with high functional-group tolerance and excellent regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Yangen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China.
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8
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Lakomy MG, Shankar M, Del Rio AC, Giri R. Ni-Catalyzed Linearizable Cyclization/Coupling with Detachable Silicon-Oxygen Linker: Access to 1,2-Oxasilolanes, 3-Hydroxysilanes and 4-Arylalkanols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404679. [PMID: 38603546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a Ni-catalyzed cyclization/alkylmetal interception reaction in which products are readily linearized to permit regiodefined alkene dicarbofunctionalization. This method offers a convenient route to access 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles, 3-hydroxysilanes and 4-arylalkanols with the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at primary and secondary alkyl carbon centers. In this reaction, a silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bond functions as a detachable linker that can be delinked with several hydride, alkyl, aryl and vinyl nucleophiles to create profusely functionalized 3-hydroxysilanes. A silicon motif in the cyclic C(sp3)-Si-O construct in 1,2-oxasilolane heterocycles can also be selectively deleted by Pd-catalyzed hydrodesilylation affording Si-ablated linear alcohol products reminiscent of vicinal ethylene dicarbofunctionalization with C(sp3) and C(sp2) carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Lakomy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Majji Shankar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ava C Del Rio
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
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9
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Yan W, Poore AT, Yin L, Carter S, Ho YS, Wang C, Yachuw SC, Cheng YH, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Tian S, Liu W. Catalytically Relevant Organocopper(III) Complexes Formed through Aryl-Radical-Enabled Oxidative Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15176-15185. [PMID: 38770641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative addition of copper(I) complexes to form copper(III) species via single electron transfer (SET) events has been widely proposed in copper catalysis. However, direct observation and detailed investigation of these fundamental steps remain elusive owing largely to the typically slow oxidative addition rate of copper(I) complexes and the instability of the copper(III) species. We report herein a novel aryl-radical-enabled stepwise oxidative addition pathway that allows for the formation of well-defined alkyl-CuIII species from CuI complexes. The process is enabled by the SET from a CuI species to an aryl diazonium salt to form a CuII species and an aryl radical. Subsequent iodine abstraction from an alkyl iodide by the aryl radical affords an alkyl radical, which then reacts with the CuII species to form the alkyl-CuIII complex. The structure of resultant [(bpy)CuIII(CF3)2(alkyl)] complexes has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Competition experiments have revealed that the rate at which different alkyl iodides undergo oxidative addition is consistent with the rate of iodine abstraction by carbon-centered radicals. The CuII intermediate formed during the SET process has been identified as a four-coordinate complex, [CuII(CH3CN)2(CF3)2], through electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The catalytic relevance of the high-valent organo-CuIII has been demonstrated by the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination reactivity. Finally, localized orbital bonding analysis of these formal CuIII complexes indicates inverted ligand fields in σ(Cu-CH2) bonds. These results demonstrate the stepwise oxidative addition in copper catalysis and provide a general strategy to investigate the elusive formal CuIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Andrew T Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Stephen C Yachuw
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Ho Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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10
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Chang Z, Zhang X, Lv H, Sun H, Lian Z. Three-Component Radical Cross-Coupling: Asymmetric Vicinal Sulfonyl-Esterification of Alkenes Involving Sulfur Dioxide. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309069. [PMID: 38532287 PMCID: PMC11186061 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A novel catalytic system for radical cross-coupling reactions based on copper and chiral Pyridyl-bis(imidazole) (PyBim) ligands is described. It overcomes the challenges of chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity, achieving a highly enantioselective vicinal sulfonyl-esterification reaction of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide. This strategy involves the use of earth-abundant metal catalyst, mild reaction conditions, a broad range of substrates (84 examples), high yields (up to 97% yield), and exceptional control over enantioselectivity. The reaction system is compatible with different types of radical precursors, including O-acylhydroxylamines, cycloketone oxime esters, aryldiazonium salts, and drug molecules. Chiral ligand PyBim is identified as particularly effective in achieving the desired high enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that copper/PyBim system plays a vital role in C─O coupling, employing an outer-sphere model. In addition, the side arm effect of ligand is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Chang
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Haiping Lv
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of DermatologyState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
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11
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Zhi S, Ma X, Zhang W. Radical Cyclization-Initiated Difunctionalization Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes. Molecules 2024; 29:2559. [PMID: 38893437 PMCID: PMC11173560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical reactions are powerful in the synthesis of diverse molecular scaffolds bearing functional groups. In previous review articles, we have presented 1,2-difunctionalizations, remote 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-difunctionalizations, and addition followed by cyclization reactions. Presented in this paper is radical cyclization followed by the second functionalization reaction. The second functionalization could be realized by atom transfer reactions, radical or transition metal-assisted coupling reactions, and reactions with neutral molecules, cationic and anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 Changjiang West Road, Huaian 223300, China;
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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12
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Song Y, Fu C, Zheng J, Ma S. Copper-catalyzed remote double functionalization of allenynes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7789-7794. [PMID: 38784739 PMCID: PMC11110152 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Addition reactions of molecules with conjugated or non-conjugated multiple unsaturated C-C bonds are very attractive yet challenging due to the versatile issues of chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Especially for the readily available conjugated allenyne compounds, the reactivities have not been explored. The first example of copper-catalyzed 2,5-hydrofunctionalization and 2,5-difunctionalization of allenynes, which provides a facile access to versatile conjugated vinylic allenes with a C-B or C-Si bond, has been developed. This mild protocol has a broad substrate scope tolerating many synthetically useful functional groups. Due to the highly functionalized nature of the products, they have been demonstrated as platform molecules for the efficient syntheses of monocyclic products including poly-substituted benzenes, bicyclic compounds, and highly functionalized allene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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13
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Zeng Y, Gao H, Jiang ZT, Zhu Y, Chen J, Zhang H, Lu G, Xia Y. Observation of unusual outer-sphere mechanism using simple alkenes as nucleophiles in allylation chemistry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4317. [PMID: 38773086 PMCID: PMC11109239 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed allylic substitution reactions of alkenes are among the most efficient methods for synthesizing diene compounds, driven by the inherent preference for an inner-sphere mechanism. Here, we present a demonstration of an outer-sphere mechanism in Rh-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction of simple alkenes using gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes as allyl surrogates. This unconventional mechanism offers an opportunity for the fluorine recycling of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes via C - F bond cleavage/reformation, ultimately delivering allylic carbofluorination products. The developed method tolerates a wide range of simple alkenes, providing access to secondary, tertiary fluorides and gem-difluorides with 100% atom economy. DFT calculations reveal that the C - C bond formation goes through an unusual outer-sphere nucleophilic substitution of the alkenes to the allyl-Rh species instead of migration insertion, and the generated carbon cation then forms the C - F bond with tetrafluoroborate as a fluoride shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yulei Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinqi Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Shi WY, Zhang SL. Copper/O 2-Mediated Oxidative C-C Activation of Nitriles for Selective Acylation-Bromination of Anilines. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6929-6936. [PMID: 38717970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports selective dual amino acylation and C-H bromination of aniline compounds enabled by Cu/O2 catalyst systems. This method involves crucial oxidation-induced C-CN bond cleavage of α-methylene nitriles to generate an acylcyanide intermediate that is facilely intercepted by anilines. After amino acylation, the Cu(II) precatalyst in combination with NBS generates Cu(III)-Br in situ that engages in selective electrophilic para- or ortho-C-H bromination. The substrate scope, mechanistic aspects, and late-stage functionalization of biologically active anilines are studied. This study shows the synthetic potential of oxidative C-CN bond activation of nitriles for the development of valuable reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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15
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Song B, Gao P, Hu B, Zhang C. Electrochemical Oxidative Sulfonylation-Azidation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6951-6959. [PMID: 38662799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical oxidative sulfonylation-azidation of alkenes is accomplished by using sulfonyl hydrazide and trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) for the one-pot and green synthesis of β-azidoarylsulfone, which involves the direct construction of new C-S and C-N bonds. Notably, neither exogenous oxidants/additives nor metal catalysts are required for this method. In addition, this electrochemical strategy features mild conditions and wide substrate scope and has been proved to be a radical pathway by mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Pengxiang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Bingcheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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16
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Zhang JH, Miao HJ, Xin H, Wang G, Yang X, Wang X, Gao P, Duan XH, Guo LN. Photoredox-catalyzed alkylarylation of activated alkenes via a ring-opening/Truce-Smiles rearrangement cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5334-5337. [PMID: 38668748 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
A photoredox-catalyzed alkylarylation of activated alkenes via a radical C-C bond cleavage/Truce-Smiles rearrangement cascade is developed. The protocol features mild and redox-neutral conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility, providing a facile and efficient approach to the long-chain distal keto-amides with all-carbon quaternary centers at the alpha position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hong-Jie Miao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Keshun waterproof technology CO., LTD, Foshan 528303, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Keshun waterproof technology CO., LTD, Foshan 528303, China
| | - Xianjun Wang
- Keshun waterproof technology CO., LTD, Foshan 528303, China
| | - Pin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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17
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Lee WCC, Zhang XP. Metalloradical Catalysis: General Approach for Controlling Reactivity and Selectivity of Homolytic Radical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320243. [PMID: 38472114 PMCID: PMC11097140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Since Friedrich Wöhler's groundbreaking synthesis of urea in 1828, organic synthesis over the past two centuries has predominantly relied on the exploration and utilization of chemical reactions rooted in two-electron heterolytic ionic chemistry. While one-electron homolytic radical chemistry is both rich in fundamental reactivities and attractive with practical advantages, the synthetic application of radical reactions has been long hampered by the formidable challenges associated with the control over reactivity and selectivity of high-energy radical intermediates. To fully harness the untapped potential of radical chemistry for organic synthesis, there is a pressing need to formulate radically different concepts and broadly applicable strategies to address these outstanding issues. In pursuit of this objective, researchers have been actively developing metalloradical catalysis (MRC) as a comprehensive framework to guide the design of general approaches for controlling over reactivity and stereoselectivity of homolytic radical reactions. Essentially, MRC exploits the metal-centered radicals present in open-shell metal complexes as one-electron catalysts for homolytic activation of substrates to generate metal-entangled organic radicals as the key intermediates to govern the reaction pathway and stereochemical course of subsequent catalytic radical processes. Different from the conventional two-electron catalysis by transition metal complexes, MRC operates through one-electron chemistry utilizing stepwise radical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Cindy Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 (USA)
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18
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Wang M, Lu P. Palladium-Catalyzed Divergent Enantioselective Functionalization of Cyclobutenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12691-12701. [PMID: 38676653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic strained rings have been increasingly applied in medicinal chemistry due to their beneficial physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the divergent synthesis of enantioenriched cyclobutane derivatives with various structural patterns continues to be a significant challenge. Here, we disclose a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization of cyclobutenes, resulting in a series of hydroarylation and 1,2- and 1,3-diarylation products via the interceptions of a common Heck intermediate. Mechanistic investigations provide valuable insights into understanding the catalytic mode of the palladium catalysts and the observed variations in the deuterium-responsive behavior during reactions. Furthermore, the synthetic utility is demonstrated in the syntheses of deuterated drug candidate belaperidone skeletons and pseudosymmetrical truxinic acid-type derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggui Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, China
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19
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Lu YN, Che C, Zhen G, Chang X, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Visible-light-enabled stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6507-6514. [PMID: 38699278 PMCID: PMC11062095 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutylamines with α-substituted vinylketones, enabled by photoredox catalysis, has been developed. The current method enables facile access to highly functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives that were otherwise inaccessible, in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has some excellent features, such as full atom economy, good functional-group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, and an overall redox-neutral process. Additionally, an asymmetric version of this cycloaddition was preliminarily investigated via the incorporation of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), and moderate to good enantioselectivity could be effectively realized with excellent diastereoselectivity. Synthetic applications were demonstrated via a scale-up experiment and elaborations to access amino alcohol and cyclobutene derivatives. Based on the results of control experiments, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Guangjin Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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20
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Hu X, Cheng-Sánchez I, Kong W, Molander GA, Nevado C. Nickel-catalysed enantioselective alkene dicarbofunctionalization enabled by photochemical aliphatic C-H bond activation. Nat Catal 2024; 7:655-665. [PMID: 38947227 PMCID: PMC11208155 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-024-01153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel strategies to rapidly construct complex chiral molecules from readily available feedstocks is a long-term pursuit in the chemistry community. Radical-mediated alkene difunctionalizations represent an excellent platform towards this goal. However, asymmetric versions remain highly challenging, and more importantly, examples featuring simple hydrocarbons as reaction partners are elusive. Here we report an asymmetric three-component alkene dicarbofunctionalization capitalizing on the direct activation of C(sp 3)-H bonds through the combination of photocatalysed hydrogen atom transfer and nickel catalysis. This protocol provides an efficient platform for installing two vicinal carbon-carbon bonds across alkenes in an atom-economic fashion, providing a wide array of high-value chiral α-aryl/alkenyl carbonyls and phosphonates, as well as 1,1-diarylalkanes from ubiquitous alkane, ether and alcohol feedstocks. This method exhibits operational simplicity, broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The compatibility with bioactive motifs and expedient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules highlight the synthetic potential of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Qiu W, Liao L, Xu X, Huang H, Xu Y, Zhao X. Catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3632. [PMID: 38684686 PMCID: PMC11058774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to well-developed catalytic 1,2-diazidation of alkenes to produce vicinal diazides, the corresponding catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes to yield geminal diazides has not been realized. Here we report an efficient approach for catalytic 1,1-diazidation of alkenes by redox-active selenium catalysis. Under mild conditions, electron-rich aryl alkenes with Z or E or Z/E mixed configuration can undergo migratory 1,1-diazidation to give a series of functionalized monoalkyl or dialkyl geminal diazides that are difficult to access by other methods. The method is also effective for the construction of polydiazides. The formed diazides are relatively safe by TGA-DSC analysis and impact sensitivity tests, and can be easily converted into various valuable molecules. In addition, interesting reactivity that geminal diazides give valuable molecules via the geminal diazidomethyl moiety as a formal leaving group in the presence of Lewis acid is disclosed. Mechanistic studies revealed that a selenenylation-deselenenylation followed by 1,2-aryl migration process is involved in the reactions, which provides a basis for the design of new reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhen Qiu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xinghua Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hongtai Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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22
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Liu L, Wu Y, Xiang C, Yu JT, Pan C. Photo-induced phosphorylation/cyclization of N-homoallyl and N-allyl aldehyde hydrazones to access phosphorylated tetrahydropyridazines and dihydropyrazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4687-4690. [PMID: 38592732 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic radical carbophosphorylation/cyclization of N-homoallyl aldehyde hydrazones with phosphine oxides was developed under metal-free conditions, achieving phosphorylated tetrahydropyridazines in yields up to 95%. Phosphorylated dihydropyrazoles were also constructed, by reacting N-allyl aldehyde hydrazones with phosphine oxides under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Yechun Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Chengli Xiang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China.
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23
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Gu YW, Chen M, Deng W, Xu ZY. Computational Exploration of 1,2-Carboamine Carbonylation Catalyzed by Nickel. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4484-4495. [PMID: 38470436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes is a stereoselective and regioselective method for the synthesis of amide compounds. Theoretical predictions with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of norbornene. The carbonylation reaction proceeds through oxidative addition, migration insertion of alkenes, and subsequent reduction elimination to afford cis-carbonylation product. The C-N bond activation of amides is unfavorable because the oxidative addition ability of the C-C bond is stronger than that of the C-N bond. The determining step of stereoselectivity is the migratory insertion of the strained olefin. The structural analysis shows that steroselectivity is controlled by the steric hindrance of methyl groups to olefins and substituents to IMes in ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Gu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Man Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
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24
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Wang J, Wu X, Cao Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Li J, Zhu C. E-Selective Radical Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkynes: Preparation of Functionalized Allyl Alcohols from Aliphatic Alkynes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309022. [PMID: 38348551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Radical difunctionalization of aliphatic alkynes provides direct access to valuable multi-substituted alkenes, but achieving a high level of chemo- and stereo-control remains a formidable challenge. Herein a novel photoredox neutral alkyne di-functionalization is reported through functional group migration followed by a radical-polar crossover and energy transfer-enabled stereoconvergent isomerization of alkenes. In this sequence, a hydroxyalkyl and an aryl group are incorporated concomitantly into an alkyne, leading to diversely functionalized E-allyl alcohols. The scope of alkynes is noteworthy, and the reaction tolerates aliphatic alkynes containing hydrogen donating C─H bonds that are prone to intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. The protocol features broad functional group compatibility, high product diversity, and exclusive chemo- and stereoselectivity, thus providing a practical strategy for the elusive radical di-functionalization of unactivated alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhu Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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25
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Reddy RJ, Kumar JJ, Kumari AH. Recent trends in the synthesis and applications of β-iodovinyl sulfones: a decade of progress. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2492-2509. [PMID: 38446020 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Direct vicinal difunctionalization of π-systems has emerged as a powerful platform for constructing multiple bonds in a single synthetic operation using simple chemical feedstocks. Over the past decade, there has been exponential growth in the direct construction of successive C-S and C-I bonds using a wide variety of sulfonyl and iodide reactants through 1,2-iodosulfonylation of alkynes in a regio- and stereo-selective manner. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent developments in the preparation of β-iodovinyl sulfones and their practical applications in organic synthesis. The most promising photoredox and electrochemical transformations for synthesizing β-iodovinyl sulfones are also reviewed. The multifunctional β-iodovinyl sulfones have recently been burgeoning as versatile synthetic precursors due to the combination of vinyl iodide and vinyl sulfone moieties, essential building blocks for diverse synthetic manipulations. We hereby present the chemistry of β-iodovinyl sulfones, which can be classified into numerous sections based on the sulfonyl surrogates, and potential synthetic approaches are systematically outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Jannapu Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Jangam Jagadesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
| | - Arram Haritha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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26
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Li M, Feng Z, Duan C, Zhang T, Shi Y. Confinement Effect in Metal-Organic Framework Cu 3( BTC) 2 for Enhancing Shape Selectivity of Radical Difunctionalization of Alkenes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14233-14240. [PMID: 38559924 PMCID: PMC10976352 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The radical difunctionalization of alkenes plays a vital role in pharmacy, but the conventional homogeneous catalytic systems are challenging in selectivity and sustainability to afford the target molecules. Herein, the famous readily available metal-organic framework (MOF), Cu3(BTC)2, has been applied to cyano-trifluoromethylation of alkenes as a high-performance and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, which possesses copper(II) active sites residing in funnel-like cavities. Under mild conditions, styrene derivatives and various unactivated olefins could be smoothly transformed into the corresponding cyano-trifluoromethylation products. Moreover, the transformation brought about by the active copper center in confined environments achieved regio- and shape selectivity. To understand the enhanced selectivity, the activation manner of the MOF catalyst was studied with control catalytic experiments such as FT-IR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of substrate-incorporated Cu3(BTC)2, which elucidated that the catalyst underwent a radical transformation with the intermediates confined in the MOF cavity, and the confinement effect endowed the method with pronounced selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mochen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tiexin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering,
School of Chemistry, Dalian University of
Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Jiangsu
Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225001, P. R. China
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27
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Yu S, Jin Z, Tong X, Qi L. Palladium-Catalyzed Heck/Suzuki Tandem Reaction of ( Z)-1-Iodo-1,6-dienes and Organoboronic Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:2175-2179. [PMID: 38451537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction has emerged as an essential strategy for the synthesis of complex molecules. Herein, an efficient palladium-catalyzed Heck/Suzuki tandem reaction of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-dienes with organoboronic acids is described, providing various tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The key to the success of this approach is the avoidance of the intramolecular second Heck insertion occurring prior to the transmetalation step. In addition, the asymmetric version of this reaction is investigated to deliver chiral tetrahydropyridine in excellent yield with promising enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengneng Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjun Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, People's Republic of China
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28
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Shlapakov NS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Kostyukovich AY, König B, Ananikov VP. Reversible Radical Addition Guides Selective Photocatalytic Intermolecular Thiol-Yne-Ene Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314208. [PMID: 38240738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C-C bond formation in thiol-yne-ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol-yne-ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom-economical C-S and C-C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Cui Y, Xu W, Yang W, Meng F. Access to CF 2COR-Containing Quinazolinones via Visible-Light-Induced Domino Difluoroalkylation/Cyclization of N-Cyanamide Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2119-2123. [PMID: 38436251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A green and highly efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade difluoroalkylation/cyclization reaction of N-cyanamide alkenes has been developed. A variety of CF2COR-containing quinazolinones have been obtained in high yields with cheap non-metallic 4CzIPN as the photocatalyst. This photocatalytic reaction provides rapid, facile, and practical access to valuable polycyclic quinazolinone, and it is amenable to the gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cui
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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30
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Huang N, Luo J, Liao L, Zhao X. Catalytic Enantioselective Aminative Difunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7029-7038. [PMID: 38425285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective difunctionalization of alkenes offers a straightforward means for the rapid construction of enantioenriched complex molecules. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to this field, enantioselective aminative difunctionalization remains a challenge, particularly through an electrophilic addition fashion. Herein, we report an unprecedented approach for the enantioselective aminative difunctionalization of alkenes via copper-catalyzed electrophilic addition with external azo compounds as nitrogen sources. A series of valuable cyclic hydrazine derivatives via either [3 + 2] cycloaddition or intramolecular cyclization have been achieved in high chemo-, regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities. In this transformation, a wide range of functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, hydroxy, amide, sulfonamide, and aryl groups, could serve as nucleophiles. Importantly, a new cyano oxazoline chiral ligand was found to play a crucial role in the control of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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31
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Zhang W, Tian Y, Liu XD, Luan C, Liu JR, Gu QS, Li ZL, Liu XY. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp 3 )-SCF 3 Coupling of Carbon-Centered Benzyl Radicals with (Me 4 N)SCF 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319850. [PMID: 38273811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In contrast with the well-established C(sp2 )-SCF3 cross-coupling to forge the Ar-SCF3 bond, the corresponding enantioselective coupling of readily available alkyl electrophiles to forge chiral C(sp3 )-SCF3 bond has remained largely unexplored. We herein disclose a copper-catalyzed enantioselective radical C(sp3 )-SCF3 coupling of a range of secondary/tertiary benzyl radicals with the easily available (Me4 N)SCF3 reagent. The key to the success lies in the utilization of chiral phosphino-oxazoline-derived anionic N,N,P-ligands through tuning electronic and steric effects for the simultaneous control of the reaction initiation and enantioselectivity. This strategy can successfully realize two types of asymmetric radical reactions, including enantioconvergent C(sp3 )-SCF3 cross-coupling of racemic benzyl halides and three-component 1,2-carbotrifluoromethylthiolation of arylated alkenes under mild reaction conditions. It therefore provides a highly flexible platform for the rapid assembly of an array of enantioenriched SCF3 -containing molecules of interest in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Luan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-Coupling Reactions, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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32
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Wang Z, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Photocatalytic Keto- and Amino-Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1980-1984. [PMID: 38421197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to develop alternatives to triflic anhydride (Tf2O) as a trifluoromethylation reagent continue due to its limitations, including volatility, corrosiveness, and moisture sensitivity. Described herein is the use of a trifluoromethylsulfonylpyridinium salt (TFSP), easily obtained by a one-step reaction of Tf2O with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, as a reagent for the trifluoromethylative difunctionalization of alkenes by photoredox catalysis. DMSO and CH3CN are suitable solvents for achieving keto- and amino-trifluoromethylation of alkenes, respectively, with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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33
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Zhu N, Yao H, Zhang X, Bao H. Metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2326-2349. [PMID: 38259195 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00735a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
As a class of multifunctional reagents, organic peroxides play vital roles in the chemical industry, pharmaceutical synthesis and polymerization reactions. Metal-catalyzed asymmetric catalysis has emerged as one of the most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct enantioenriched molecules, and an increasing number of metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides have been disclosed by researchers in recent years. Despite remarkable progress, the types of asymmetric reactions facilitated by organic peroxides remain limited and the catalysis systems need to be further broadened. To the best of our knowledge, there is still no review devoted to summarizing the reactions from this perspective. In this review, we will endeavor to highlight the advances in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions enabled by organic peroxides. We hope that this survey will summarize the functions of organic peroxides in catalytic reactions, improve the understanding of these compounds and inspire future developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Huijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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34
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Rago AJ, Ye R, Liu X, Dong G. A four-component reaction to access 3,3-disubstituted indolines via the palladium-norbornene-catalyzed ortho amination/ ipso conjunctive coupling. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1318-1323. [PMID: 38274074 PMCID: PMC10806727 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06409c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important class of multicomponent reactions, the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis has been mainly restricted to the coupling of an aryl halide, an electrophile and a nucleophile. Here, we report the development of a Pd/NBE-catalyzed four-component reaction, which involves ortho C-H amination/ipso conjunctive coupling using an alkene and an external nucleophile. The use of alkene-tethered nitrogen electrophiles provides a rapid and modular synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted indolines from readily available aryl iodides. The reaction exhibits broad functional group tolerance, and its utility is exemplified in a streamlined formal synthesis of a rhodamine dye. Preliminary results of the asymmetric version of this reaction have also been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Rong Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago Illinois 60637 USA
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35
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Liu M, Liu B, Wang Q, Feng K, Li Y, Liu L, Tong J. Metal-free synthesis of 1,3-dichloro-1,5-diarylpentan-5-ones via cascade oxidative radical addition of styrenes with CHCl 3. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:699-702. [PMID: 37999925 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01403g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient metal-free cascade oxidative radical addition of styrenes is developed for the construction of 1,3-dichloro-1,5-diarylpentan-5-ones. This protocol presents a practical one-pot procedure that delivers highly functionalized 1,3-dichloro-1,5-diarylpentan-5-ones in moderate-to-good yields with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bifu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Electronic Functional Materials and Devices, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Kejun Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
| | - Jiaen Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China.
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36
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Kennedy-Ellis JJ, Kelleher AD, Sayeed JA, Burde AS, Chemler SR. Enantioenriched Allylesters via a Copper-Catalyzed Diene Carboesterification with Alkyltrifluoroborates and Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1256-1263. [PMID: 38194284 PMCID: PMC11097674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The rapid synthesis of a range of enantioenriched allylic esters is enabled by a new 3-component catalytic enantioselective 1,2-carboesterification of readily available dienes with carboxylic acids and potassium alkyltrifluoroborates. The chiral copper catalyst, formed in situ from Cu(OTf)2 and (4S,4'S)-2,2'-(cyclopentane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole), is implicated in both the generation of alkyl radicals from the alkyltrifluoroborates as well as the enantioselective formation of C-O bonds. Potassium salts of primary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates as well as several benzylic trifluoroborates, tert-butyltrifluoroborate, and phenyltrifluoroborate participate in the reaction. The regioselectivity and enantioselectivity are strongly impacted by variations in all of the reaction components, which in turn are thought to impact the C-O bond-forming reductive elimination from a [Cu(III)] intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Kennedy-Ellis
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Alexis D Kelleher
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jaffer A Sayeed
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ameya S Burde
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R Chemler
- Chemistry Department, Natural Science Complex, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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37
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Zhang B, Li TT, Mao ZC, Jiang M, Zhang Z, Zhao K, Qu WY, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Enantioselective Cyanofunctionalization of Aromatic Alkenes via Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1410-1422. [PMID: 38179949 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Alkene radical ions constitute an integral and unique class of reactive intermediates for the synthesis of valuable compounds because they have both unpaired spins and charge. However, relatively few synthetic applications of alkene radical anions have emerged due to a dearth of generally applicable and mild radical anion generation approaches. Precise control over the chemo- and stereoselectivity in alkene radical anion-mediated processes represents another long-standing challenge due to their high reactivity. To overcome these issues, here, we develop a new redox-neutral strategy that seamlessly merges photoredox and copper catalysis to enable the controlled generation of alkene radical anions and their orthogonal enantioselective cyanofunctionalization via distonic-like species. This new strategy enables highly regio-, chemo-, and enantioselective hydrocyanation, deuterocyanation, and cyanocarboxylation of alkenes without stoichiometric reductants or oxidants under visible light irradiation. This protocol provides a new blueprint for the exploration of the transformation potential of alkene radical anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Tian-Tian Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Mao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Qu
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430082, China
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38
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Csenki JT, Novák Z. Iodonium based regioselective double nucleophilic alkene functionalization of a hydrofluoroolefin scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:726-729. [PMID: 38112008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular regioselective alkene difunctionalization strategy based on the use of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) gas as fluorous feedstock material. The transformation of the HFO gas to iodonium salt creates vicinal electrophilic sites readily available for a broad range of nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T Csenki
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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39
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Dai ZY, Guzei IA, Schomaker JM. Iron-Catalyzed Site- and Regioselective 1,2-Azidoamidations of 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2024; 26:269-273. [PMID: 38127720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct 1,2-azidoamidation of unsaturated precursors represents an advantageous approach for the facile synthesis of β-functionalized azides from readily available starting materials. In this paper, we describe a convenient and mild iron-catalyzed 1,2-azidoamidation of 1,3-dienes that shows excellent functional group compatibility to furnish versatile precursors to 1,2-diamine products with high levels of site, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The reaction is proposed to proceed via a single electron transfer/radical addition/C-N bond formation relay process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yao Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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40
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Lu M, Chen K, Wu T, Cai H. Electrochemical Decarboxylative Alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:188-192. [PMID: 38127651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A method is presented for decarboxylative alkoxy-alkoxycarbonylation of various alkenes with alcohols by electrochemical anodic oxidation of monopotassium ethyloxalate salts with good functional group compatibility. The reaction involves anodic oxidation to form an acyl radical, followed by addition to an olefin to yield a new alkyl radical, which is anodically oxidized to a carbon cation and captured by alcohols to afford β-alkoxyalkanoates. Adding catalytic amounts of ammonium iodide enhanced the efficiency of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqun Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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41
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Wu Y, Wu X, Liu L, Yu JT, Pan C. Photocatalytic Carbosulfonylation/Cyclization of N-Homoallyl and N-Allyl Aldehyde Hydrazones toward Sulfonylated Tetrahydropyridazines and Dihydropyrazoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:122-126. [PMID: 38160407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
N'-Benzylidene-N-homoallylacetohydrazides were designed and synthesized as novel skeletons for the construction of functionalized tetrahydropyridazines. A series of aryl- and alkylsulfonylated tetrahydropyridazines were obtained in yields of up to 94% employing sulfonyl chlorides as the sulfonyl radical sources under visible-light irradiation. Besides, sulfonylated dihydropyrazoles were also produced from N-allyl-N'-benzylideneacetohydrazides. Mechanistic investigations indicated that both energy transfer and single electron transfer processes were involved in accomplishing the radical 6/5-endo-trig cyclization to the C═N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechun Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Tao Yu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Changduo Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, P. R. China
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42
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Xu H, Wang DS, Zhu Z, Deb A, Zhang XP. New Mode of Asymmetric Induction for Enantioselective Radical N-Heterobicyclization via Kinetically Stable Chiral Radical Center. Chem 2024; 10:283-298. [PMID: 38313041 PMCID: PMC10836202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective radical N-heterobicyclization of N-allylsulfamoyl azides have been developed via metalloradical catalysis (MRC). The Co(II)-based catalytic system can homolytically activate the organic azides with varied electronic and steric properties for asymmetric radical N-heterobicyclization under mild conditions without the need of oxidants, allowing for stereoselective construction of chiral [3.1.0]-bicyclic sulfamoyl aziridines in excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. The key to achieving the enantioselective radical process relies on catalyst development through ligand design. We demonstrate that the use of new-generation D2-symmetric chiral bridged amidoporphyrin ligand HuPhyrin with judicious variation of the alkyl bridge length can dictate both reactivity and selectivity of Co(II)-based MRC. We present both experimental and computational studies that shed light on the working details of the unprecedented mode of asymmetric induction consisting of enantioface-selective radical addition and stereospecific radical substitution. We showcase the synthetic applications of the resulting enantioenriched bicyclic aziridines through a number of stereospecific transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Duo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Arghya Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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43
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Wei Y, Zhu C. Protocol for the synthesis of homoallenic alcohols via allenyl radical-mediated allenylation of alkenes. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102598. [PMID: 37756157 PMCID: PMC10542638 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoallenic alcohols are versatile building blocks to access complex molecules in synthetic chemistry. We present a protocol for accessing homoallenic alcohols by an allenyl radical-involved radical-polar crossover process. We describe steps for preparing solvents and the photoreactor and synthesizing 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-tosylhexa-3,4-dien-1-ol 3 in 85% yield. In addition, 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3-tosylhexa-3,4-dien-1-ol 3 has been successfully synthesized in 2-mmol scale. This protocol is also applicable to the synthesis of homoallenic amides. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wei et al. (2023).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wei
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chen Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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44
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Tsai CY, Jhang YJ, Wu YK, Ryu I. Electron-Transfer Protocol for the Hydroxyalkenylation of Alkenes Using 1,2-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311807. [PMID: 37850999 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a protocol for alkene hydroxyalkenylation. Using a persulfate anion as a one-electron-oxidation reagent and 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene as a radical acceptor in the presence of water, alkenes were converted into the corresponding 1-phenylsulfonyl-4-hydroxyalkenes in good to high yields. The hydroxyalkenylation process involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene radical cations to give β-hydroxyalkyl radicals, which, after a radical addition/β-elimination sequence, provide the products. We also report a photocatalytic protocol for alkoxyalkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jia Jhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University (OMU), 599-8531, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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45
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Zhang FP, Wang RH, Li JF, Chen H, Hari Babu M, Ye M. Intermolecular Carbophosphination of Alkynes with Phosphole Oxides via Ni-Al Bimetal-Catalyzed C-P Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314701. [PMID: 37846814 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes or alkenes with unreactive C-P bonds remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we used a Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to realize an intermolecular carbophosphination reaction of alkynes with 5-membered phosphole oxides, providing a series of 7-membered phosphepines in up to 94 % yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rong-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Madala Hari Babu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengchun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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46
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Mandal R, Ghosh S, Khandelia T, Panigrahi P, Patel BK. Base-Induced Decarboxylative 1,1-Alkoxy Thiolation via Hydrothiolation of Vinylene Carbonate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16655-16660. [PMID: 37964434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
A base-mediated 1,1-difunctionalization of vinylene carbonate has been achieved using two different nucleophiles, namely, thiol and alcohol, with the assistance of air (O2). In alcoholic solvents, decarboxylation occurs at room temperature to provide a 1,1-difunctionalized product, where vinylene carbonate serves as an ethynol (C2) synthon in this three-component reaction. On the other hand, in acetonitrile, exclusive hydrothiolation occurs under the basic conditions at room temperature. This method offers a one-pot decarboxylative regioselective difunctionalization of vinylene carbonate at room temperature for the construction of α-alkoxy-β-hydroxy sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Tamanna Khandelia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pritishree Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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47
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Ye J, Liu Y, Luo J, Wan JP. "Alkene-to-Alkene" Difunctionalization of Enaminones for the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Alkenes by Transition-Metal-Free C-H and C-N Bond Transformation. Org Lett 2023; 25:8451-8456. [PMID: 37971945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The three-component reactions of enaminones, disulfides, and alcohols for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized alkenes have been realized via the C-H and C-N bond transformation on enaminones. The reactions proceed in a novel "alkene-to-alkene" difunctionalization mode without using any transition metal. The application of the alkene products in the synthesis of divergent sulfenyl heteroaryls, including sulfenylated pyrazoles, pyrimidines, and isoxazoles, via simple annulation has also been verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jin Luo
- Analytical and Testing Center, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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48
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Lu J, Yao Y, Li L, Fu N. Dual Transition Metal Electrocatalysis: Direct Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38029443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct decarboxylative alkenylation of widely available aliphatic carboxylic acids with vinyl halides for the synthesis of alkenes with all substitution patterns has been accomplished by means of Ce/Ni dual transition metal electrocatalysis. The reactions employ alkyl acids as the limiting reagents and exhibit a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners. Notably, simple primary alkyl carboxylic acids could be readily engaged as carbon-centered radical precursors in the reaction. This new alkenylation protocol has been successfully demonstrated in direct modification of naturally occurring complex acids and is amenable to the enantioselective decarboxylative alkenylation of arylacetic acid. Mechanistic studies, including a series of controlled experiments and cyclic voltammetry data, allow us to probe the key intermediates and the pathway of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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49
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Yuan X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yin J, Wang S, Xiong T, Zhang Q. Asymmetric Radical Oxyboration of β-Substituted Styrenes via Late-Stage Stereomutation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313770. [PMID: 37819256 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an unprecedented copper-catalyzed highly enantio- and diastereoselective radical oxyboration of β-substituted styrenes. The lynchpin of success is ascribed to the development of a late-stage stereomutation strategy, which enables enantioenriched cis-isomers among a couple of early-generated diastereomers to be converted into trans-isomer counterparts, thus fulfilling high diastereocontrol; while the degree of enantio-differentiation is determined by the borocupration process of the C=C bond. This reaction provides an efficient protocol to access enantioenriched trans-1,2- dioxygenation products. The value of this method has further been highlighted in a diversity of follow-up stereospecific transformations and further modifying complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jianjun Yin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Simin Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Department State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Institution Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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50
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Gu R, Feng X, Bao M, Zhang X. Modular access to alkylgermanes via reductive germylative alkylation of activated olefins under nickel catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7669. [PMID: 37996494 PMCID: PMC10667229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-introducing difunctionalization of C-C double bonds enabled by transition-metal catalysis is one of most straightforward and efficient strategies to construct C-C and C-X bonds concurrently from readily available feedstocks towards structurally diverse molecules in one step; however, analogous difunctionalization for introducing germanium group and other functionalities remains elusive. Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed germylative alkylation of activated olefins with easily accessible primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides and chlorogermanes as the electrophiles to form C-Ge and C-Calkyl bonds simultaneously. This method provides a modular and facile approach for the synthesis of a broad range of alkylgermanes with good functional group compatibility, and can be further applied to the late-stage modification of natural products and pharmaceuticals, as well as ligation of drug fragments. More importantly, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of germanium substituted ospemifene-Ge-OH, which shows improved properties compared to ospemifene in the treatment of breast cancer cells, demonstrating high potential of our protocol in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China.
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