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Feng Q, Xu K, Shah M, Li S, Leavitt AD, Godley LA, De Smith AJ, Wiemels JL. Evaluation of the genetic basis of familial-associated early-onset hematologic cancers in an ancestral/ethnically diverse population. Haematologica 2024; 109:2085-2091. [PMID: 38205536 PMCID: PMC11215364 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies has historically been addressed utilizing patients recruited from clinical trials and pedigrees constructed at major treatment centers. Such efforts leave unexplored the genetic basis of variations in risk by race/ethnic group shown in population-based surveillance data where cancer registration, compulsory by law, delivers universal enrollment. To address this, we performed exome sequencing on DNA isolated from newborn bloodspots derived from sibling pairs with early-onset cancers across California in which at least one of the siblings developed a hematologic cancer, using unbiased recruitment from the full state population. We identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/ LP) variants among 1,172 selected cancer genes that were private or present at low allele frequencies in reference populations. Within 64 subjects from 32 families, we found 9 LP variants shared between siblings, and an additional 7 such variants in singleton children (not shared with their sibling). In 8 of the shared cases, the ancestral origin of the local haplotype that carries P/LP variants matched the dominant global ancestry of study participant families. This was the case for Latino sibling pairs on FLG and CBLB, non-Latino White sibling pairs in TP53 and NOD2, and a shared GATA2 variant for a non-Latino Black sibling pair. A new inherited mutation in HABP2 was identified in a sibling pair, one with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the other with neuroblastoma. Overall, the profile of P/LP germline variants across ancestral/ethnic groups suggests that rare alleles contributing to hematologic diseases originate within their race/ethnic origin parental populations, demonstrating the value of this discovery process in diverse, population-based registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keren Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mancy Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew D Leavitt
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adam J De Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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2
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Xu Y, Benedikt J, Ye L. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1907. [PMID: 38791985 PMCID: PMC11119954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix, and its interactions with HA-interacting molecules (HAIMs) play a critical role in cancer development and disease progression. This review explores the multifaceted role of HAIMs in the context of cancer, focusing on their influence on disease progression by dissecting relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Cancer progression can be profoundly affected by the interactions between HA and HAIMs. They modulate critical processes such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. The TME serves as a dynamic platform in which HAIMs contribute to the formation of a unique niche. The resulting changes in HA composition profoundly influence the biophysical properties of the TME. These modifications in the TME, in conjunction with HAIMs, impact angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment, and immune evasion. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between HAIMs and HA within the cancer context is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting these interactions offers promising avenues for cancer treatment, as they hold the potential to disrupt critical aspects of disease progression and the TME. Further research in this field is imperative for advancing our knowledge and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | | | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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3
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Jiang YJ, Xia Y, Han ZJ, Hu YX, Huang T. Chromosomal localization of mutated genes in non-syndromic familial thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1286426. [PMID: 38571492 PMCID: PMC10987779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1286426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is a type of thyroid cancer characterized by genetic susceptibility, representing approximately 5% of all non-medullary thyroid carcinomas. While some cases of FNMTC are associated with familial multi-organ tumor predisposition syndromes, the majority occur independently. The genetic mechanisms underlying non-syndromic FNMTC remain unclear. Initial studies utilized SNP linkage analysis to identify susceptibility loci, including the 1q21 locus, 2q21 locus, and 4q32 locus, among others. Subsequent research employed more advanced techniques such as Genome-wide Association Study and Whole Exome Sequencing, leading to the discovery of genes such as IMMP2L, GALNTL4, WDR11-AS1, DUOX2, NOP53, MAP2K5, and others. But FNMTC exhibits strong genetic heterogeneity, with each family having its own pathogenic genes. This is the first article to provide a chromosomal landscape map of susceptibility genes associated with non-syndromic FNMTC and analyze their potential associations. It also presents a detailed summary of variant loci, characteristics, research methodologies, and validation results from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jia Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo-jun Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-xuan Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Pires C, Marques IJ, Valério M, Saramago A, Santo PE, Santos S, Silva M, Moura MM, Matos J, Pereira T, Cabrera R, Lousa D, Leite V, Bandeiras TM, Vicente JB, Cavaco BM. CHEK2 germline variants identified in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer lead to impaired protein structure and function. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105767. [PMID: 38367672 PMCID: PMC10956065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5 to 15% of nonmedullary thyroid cancers (NMTC) present in a familial form (familial nonmedullary thyroid cancers [FNMTC]). The genetic basis of FNMTC remains largely unknown, representing a limitation for diagnostic and clinical management. Recently, germline mutations in DNA repair-related genes have been described in cases with thyroid cancer (TC), suggesting a role in FNMTC etiology. Here, two FNMTC families were studied, each with two members affected with TC. Ninety-four hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed through next-generation sequencing, revealing two germline CHEK2 missense variants (c.962A > C, p.E321A and c.470T > C, p.I157T), which segregated with TC in each FNMTC family. p.E321A, located in the CHK2 protein kinase domain, is a rare variant, previously unreported in the literature. Conversely, p.I157T, located in CHK2 forkhead-associated domain, has been extensively described, having conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity. CHK2 proteins (WT and variants) were characterized using biophysical methods, molecular dynamics simulations, and immunohistochemistry. Overall, biophysical characterization of these CHK2 variants showed that they have compromised structural and conformational stability and impaired kinase activity, compared to the WT protein. CHK2 appears to aggregate into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, which opens future perspectives toward positioning CHK2 in cancer pathophysiology. CHK2 variants exhibited higher propensity for this conformational change, also displaying higher expression in thyroid tumors. The present findings support the utility of complementary biophysical and in silico approaches toward understanding the impact of genetic variants in protein structure and function, improving the current knowledge on CHEK2 variants' role in FNMTC genetic basis, with prospective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Valério
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo E Santo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Matos
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pereira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Lousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Hu Y, Han Z, Guo H, Zhang N, Shen N, Jiang Y, Huang T. Identification of a Novel Germline PPP4R3A Missense Mutation Asp409Asn on Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:244. [PMID: 38275415 PMCID: PMC10813271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) accounts for 3% to 9% of all thyroid cancer cases, yet its genetic mechanisms remain unknown. Our study aimed to screen and identify novel susceptibility genes for FNMTC. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on a confirmed FNMTC pedigree, comprising four affected individuals across two generations. Variants were filtered and analyzed using ExAC and 1000 Genomes Project, with candidate gene pathogenicity predicted using SIFT, PolyPhen, and MutationTaster. Validation was performed through Sanger sequencing in affected pedigree members and sporadic patients (TCGA database) as well as general population data (gnomAD database). Ultimately, we identified the mutant PPP4R3A (NC_000014.8:g.91942196C>T, or NM_001366432.2(NP_001353361.1):p.(Asp409Asn), based on GRCH37) as an FNMTC susceptibility gene. Subsequently, a series of functional experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of PPP4R3A and its Asp409Asn missense variant in thyroid cancer. Our findings demonstrated that wild-type PPP4R3A exerted tumor-suppressive effects via the Akt-mTOR-P70 S6K/4E-BP1 axis. However, overexpression of the PPP4R3A Asp409Asn mutant resulted in loss of tumor-suppressive function, ineffective inhibition of cell invasion, and even promotion of cell proliferation and migration by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results indicated that the missense variant PPP4R3A Asp409Asn is a candidate susceptibility gene for FNMTC, providing new insights into the diagnosis and intervention of FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Zhuojun Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Honghao Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (Y.H.); (Z.H.); (H.G.); (N.Z.); (N.S.)
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6
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Vernardis SI, Demichev V, Lemke O, Grüning NM, Messner C, White M, Pietzner M, Peluso A, Collet TH, Henning E, Gille C, Campbell A, Hayward C, Porteous DJ, Marioni RE, Mülleder M, Zelezniak A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Farooqi IS, Ralser M. The Impact of Acute Nutritional Interventions on the Plasma Proteome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2087-2098. [PMID: 36658456 PMCID: PMC10348471 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Humans respond profoundly to changes in diet, while nutrition and environment have a great impact on population health. It is therefore important to deeply characterize the human nutritional responses. OBJECTIVE Endocrine parameters and the metabolome of human plasma are rapidly responding to acute nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction or a glucose challenge. It is less well understood whether the plasma proteome would be equally dynamic, and whether it could be a source of corresponding biomarkers. METHODS We used high-throughput mass spectrometry to determine changes in the plasma proteome of i) 10 healthy, young, male individuals in response to 2 days of acute caloric restriction followed by refeeding; ii) 200 individuals of the Ely epidemiological study before and after a glucose tolerance test at 4 time points (0, 30, 60, 120 minutes); and iii) 200 random individuals from the Generation Scotland study. We compared the proteomic changes detected with metabolome data and endocrine parameters. RESULTS Both caloric restriction and the glucose challenge substantially impacted the plasma proteome. Proteins responded across individuals or in an individual-specific manner. We identified nutrient-responsive plasma proteins that correlate with changes in the metabolome, as well as with endocrine parameters. In particular, our study highlights the role of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), a small, understudied apolipoprotein that was affected by caloric restriction and dominated the response to glucose consumption and differed in abundance between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Our study identifies APOC1 as a dominant nutritional responder in humans and highlights the interdependency of acute nutritional response proteins and the endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros I Vernardis
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
| | - Vadim Demichev
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Lemke
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Messner
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
| | - Matt White
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Peluso
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elana Henning
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christoph Gille
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksej Zelezniak
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius SE-412 96, Lithuania
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | | | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SL, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 1HH, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Markus Ralser
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1HT, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Guda BB, Komisarenko II, Ostafiichuk MV, Tronko MD. FAMILIAL NON-MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:70-78. [PMID: 37417280 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is defined as cancer developing in two or more first-degree relatives if predisposing factors, for example, radiation, are absent. The disease can be either syndromic, when it is a component of complex genetic syndromes, or non-syndromic (95% cases). The genetic basis of non-syndromic FNMTC is unknown; the clinical behavior of tumorsis unclear and, at times, contradictory. AIM To analyze clinical manifestations of FNMTC and compare them with the data for sporadic papillary thyroid carcinomas in patients of the same age groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 22 patients (a "parents" group and a "children" group) suffering from the non-syndromic FNMTC. For comparison, two groups of sporadic papillary carcinomas patients of the same age were drawn up("adult" and "young"). We analyzed tumor size and frequency of the distributionby the categoryof TNM system, invasiveness, multifocality, metastases to lymph nodes, type and extent of surgical and radioiodine treatment, and prognosis according to the MACIS criterion. RESULTS Whether sporadic or familial, the tumor size, metastatic potential, and invasive potential are higher in young people, asalready known. There was no significant difference between the "parents" and "adult" groups of patients in terms of tumor parameters. One exception was the higher frequency of multifocal tumors in the FNMTC patients. Meanwhile, compared to the "young" sporadic papillary carcinomas patients, the FNMTC "children" had a higher frequency of T2 tumors, metastasizing (N1a-N1ab), and multifocal tumors, but a lower frequency of carcinomas with intrathyroidal invasions.In the FNMTC "children" compared to FNMTC "parents" was a higher frequency of T2 tumors, metastasizing carcinomas, and tumors with capsular invasion. CONCLUSION FNMTC carcinomas are more aggressive than sporadic ones, especially in patients who are first-degree relatives in a family with parents already diagnosed with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Guda
- State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - I I Komisarenko
- State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - M V Ostafiichuk
- State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
| | - M D Tronko
- State Institution "V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv 04114, Ukraine
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8
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Majdalani P, Yoel U, Nasasra T, Fraenkel M, Haim A, Loewenthal N, Zarivach R, Hershkovitz E, Parvari R. Novel Susceptibility Genes Drive Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Large Consanguineous Kindred. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098233. [PMID: 37175943 PMCID: PMC10179265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is a well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) of follicular cell origin in two or more first-degree relatives. Patients typically demonstrate an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. While known genes and chromosomal loci account for some FNMTC, the molecular basis for most FNMTC remains elusive. To identify the variation(s) causing FNMTC in an extended consanguineous family consisting of 16 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases, we performed whole exome sequence (WES) analysis of six family patients. We demonstrated an association of ARHGEF28, FBXW10, and SLC47A1 genes with FNMTC. The variations in these genes may affect the structures of their encoded proteins and, thus, their function. The most promising causative gene is ARHGEF28, which has high expression in the thyroid, and its protein-protein interactions (PPIs) suggest predisposition of PTC through ARHGEF28-SQSTM1-TP53 or ARHGEF28-PTCSC2-FOXE1-TP53 associations. Using DNA from a patient's thyroid malignant tissue, we analyzed the possible cooperation of somatic variations with these genes. We revealed two somatic heterozygote variations in XRCC1 and HRAS genes known to implicate thyroid cancer. Thus, the predisposition by the germline variations and a second hit by somatic variations could lead to the progression to PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Majdalani
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uri Yoel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Tayseer Nasasra
- Internal Medicine A, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Merav Fraenkel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Alon Haim
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Neta Loewenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Eli Hershkovitz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ruti Parvari
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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9
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Guan X, Yu T, Zhang Z, Chen L, Yan A, Li Y, Li J, Wang D, Sun J, Wang F, Miao G. Risk assessment of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules with integrated molecular testing and repeat biopsy: a surgical decision-oriented tool. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:34. [PMID: 36737779 PMCID: PMC9896714 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02917-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preoperative diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) is very challenging. In this study, we aim to provide an integrated risk assessment for thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology to guide surgical decision-making, which includes results of blood tests, molecular tests, and repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). METHODS The study retrospectively included 265 ITNs between June 2019 and April 2022. According to our integrated risk assessment process that starts with blood testing, followed by supplementary DNA mutation detection on the first FNAB, and finally repeat FNAB, we divided the ITNs into high-risk and low-risk groups. Performance was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the consistency between the risk evaluation and histological results. RESULTS Of the 265 ITNs, 87 were included in the risk assessment process. The risk assessment had a sensitivity of 84.1%, specificity of 83.3%, PPV of 95.1%, NPV of 57.7%, and AUC of 0.837. The nodules with consistent results between the risk groups and histological outcomes, which included malignant cases in the high-risk group and benign cases in the low-risk group, accounted for 83.9% of all risk-assessed nodules. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the integrated risk assessment might provide proper information for surgical decision-making in patients with ITNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhuizi Guan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Yu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - An Yan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- grid.411634.50000 0004 0632 4559Department of Hematology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiliang Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Miao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Rahimi S, van Leeuwen D, Roshanzamir F, Pandit S, Shi L, Sasanian N, Nielsen J, Esbjörner EK, Mijakovic I. Ginsenoside Rg3 Reduces the Toxicity of Graphene Oxide Used for pH-Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin to Liver and Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020391. [PMID: 36839713 PMCID: PMC9965446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is extensively used in chemotherapy, but it has serious side effects and is inefficient against some cancers, e.g., hepatocarcinoma. To ameliorate the delivery of DOX and reduce its side effects, we designed a pH-responsive delivery system based on graphene oxide (GO) that is capable of a targeted drug release in the acidic tumor microenvironment. GO itself disrupted glutathione biosynthesis and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in human cells. It induced IL17-directed JAK-STAT signaling and VEGF gene expression, leading to increased cell proliferation as an unwanted effect. To counter this, GO was conjugated with the antioxidant, ginsenoside Rg3, prior to loading with DOX. The conjugation of Rg3 to GO significantly reduced the toxicity of the GO carrier by abolishing ROS production. Furthermore, treatment of cells with GO-Rg3 did not induce IL17-directed JAK-STAT signaling and VEGF gene expression-nor cell proliferation-suggesting GO-Rg3 as a promising drug carrier. The anticancer activity of GO-Rg3-DOX conjugates was investigated against Huh7 hepatocarcinoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. GO-Rg3-DOX conjugates significantly reduced cancer cell viability, primarily via downregulation of transcription regulatory genes and upregulation of apoptosis genes. GO-Rg3 is an effective, biocompatible, and pH responsive DOX carrier with potential to improve chemotherapy-at least against liver and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel van Leeuwen
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fariba Roshanzamir
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lei Shi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nima Sasanian
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- BioInnovation Institute, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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11
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Toss A, Quarello P, Mascarin M, Banna GL, Zecca M, Cinieri S, Peccatori FA, Ferrari A. Cancer Predisposition Genes in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): a Review Paper from the Italian AYA Working Group. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:843-860. [PMID: 35320498 PMCID: PMC9170630 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present narrative systematic review summarizes current knowledge on germline gene mutations predisposing to solid tumors in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). RECENT FINDINGS AYAs with cancer represent a particular group of patients with specific challenging characteristics and yet unmet needs. A significant percentage of AYA patients carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPVs) in cancer predisposition genes. Nevertheless, knowledge on spectrum, frequency, and clinical implications of germline variants in AYAs with solid tumors is limited. The identification of PV/LPV in AYA is especially critical given the need for appropriate communicative strategies, risk of second primary cancers, need for personalized long-term surveillance, potential reproductive implications, and cascade testing of at-risk family members. Moreover, these gene alterations may potentially provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are lacking in AYA patients. Among young adults with early-onset phenotypes of malignancies typically presenting at later ages, the increased prevalence of germline PV/LPVs supports a role for genetic counseling and testing irrespective of tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Quarello
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mascarin
- AYA Oncology and Pediatric Radiotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, km 3.95, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Zecca
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology Unit and Breast Unit Ospedale Perrino ASL, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Fedro Alessandro Peccatori
- Fertility and Procreation Unit, Gynecologic Oncology Program, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
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12
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Kamani T, Charkhchi P, Zahedi A, Akbari MR. Genetic susceptibility to hereditary non-medullary thyroid cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:9. [PMID: 35255942 PMCID: PMC8900298 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. With the increasing incidence of NMTC in recent years, the familial form of the disease has also become more common than previously reported, accounting for 5-15% of NMTC cases. Familial NMTC is further classified as non-syndromic and the less common syndromic FNMTC. Although syndromic NMTC has well-known genetic risk factors, the gene(s) responsible for the vast majority of non-syndromic FNMTC cases are yet to be identified. To date, several candidate genes have been identified as susceptibility genes in hereditary NMTC. This review summarizes genetic predisposition to non-medullary thyroid cancer and expands on the role of genetic variants in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and the level of penetrance of NMTC-susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kamani
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Parsa Charkhchi
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Afshan Zahedi
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
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Nosé V, Gill A, Teijeiro JMC, Perren A, Erickson L. Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Familial Endocrine Tumor Syndromes. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:197-227. [PMID: 35285003 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review of the familial tumor syndromes involving the endocrine organs is focused on discussing the main updates on the upcoming fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. This review emphasizes updates on histopathological and molecular genetics aspects of the most important syndromes involving the endocrine organs. We describe the newly defined Familial Cancer Syndromes as MAFA-related, MEN4, and MEN5 as well as the newly reported pathological findings in DICER1 syndrome. We also describe the updates done at the new WHO on the syndromic and non-syndromic familial thyroid diseases. We emphasize the problem of diagnostic criteria, mention the new genes that are possibly involved in this group, and at the same time, touching upon the role of some immunohistochemical studies that could support the diagnosis of some of these conditions. As pathologists play an important role in identifying tumors within a familial cancer syndrome, we highlight the most important clues for raising the suspicious of a syndrome. Finally, we highlight the challenges in defining these entities as well as determining their clinical outcome in comparison with sporadic tumors. Instead of the usual subject review, we present the highlights of the updates on familial cancer syndromes by answering select questions relevant to practicing pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Nosé
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | | | - José Manuel Cameselle Teijeiro
- Clinical University Hospital Santiago de Compostela and Medical Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Senashova O, Samuels M. Diagnosis and Management of Nodular Thyroid Disease. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 25:100816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvir.2022.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Sánchez-Ares M, Cameselle-García S, Abdulkader-Nallib I, Rodríguez-Carnero G, Beiras-Sarasquete C, Puñal-Rodríguez JA, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM. Susceptibility Genes and Chromosomal Regions Associated With Non-Syndromic Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Some Pathogenetic and Diagnostic Keys. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:829103. [PMID: 35295987 PMCID: PMC8918666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.829103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the malignant tumor that is increasing most rapidly in the world, mainly at the expense of sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The somatic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic follicular cell derived tumors are well recognized, while the predisposing alterations implicated in hereditary follicular tumors are less well known. Since the genetic background of syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma has been well established, here we review the pathogenesis of non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma emphasizing those aspects that may be useful in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma has a complex and heterogeneous genetic basis involving several genes and loci with a monogenic or polygenic inheritance model. Most cases are papillary thyroid carcinoma (classic and follicular variant), usually accompanied by benign thyroid nodules (follicular thyroid adenoma and/or multinodular goiter). The possible diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of the changes in the expression and/or translocation of various proteins secondary to several mutations reported in this setting requires further confirmation. Given that non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma and sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma share the same morphology and somatic mutations, the same targeted therapies could be used at present, if necessary, until more specific targeted treatments become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Ares
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Soledad Cameselle-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Ourense, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader-Nallib
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Carnero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carolina Beiras-Sarasquete
- Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Antonio Puñal-Rodríguez
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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de Mello LEB, Carneiro TNR, Araujo AN, Alves CX, Galante PAF, Buzatto VC, das Graças de Almeida M, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, de Lima Vale SH, José de Pinto Paiva F, Brandão-Neto J, Cerutti JM. Identification of NID1 as a novel candidate susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma using whole-exome sequencing. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0406.R2. [PMID: 34941562 PMCID: PMC8859953 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genetics underlying non-syndromic familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is still poorly understood. To identify susceptibility genes for FNMTC, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a Brazilian family affected by papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in three consecutive generations. WES was performed in four affected and two unaffected family members. Manual inspection in over 100 previously reported susceptibility genes for FNMTC showed that no variants in known genes co-segregated with disease phenotype in this family. Novel candidate genes were investigated using PhenoDB and filtered using Genome Aggregation (gnomAD) and Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations (ABraOM) population databases. The missense variant p.Ile657Met in the NID1 gene was the only variant that co-segregated with the disease, while absent in unaffected family members and controls. The allele frequency for this variant was <0.0001 in the gnomAD and ABbraOM databases. In silico analysis predicted the variant to be deleterious or likely damaging to the protein function. Somatic mutations in NID1 gene were found in nearly 500 cases of different cancer subtypes in the intOGen platform. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed NID1 expression in PTC cells, while it was absent in normal thyroid tissue. Our findings were corroborated using data from the TCGA cohort. Moreover, higher expression of NID1 was associated with higher likelihood of relapse after treatment and N1b disease in PTCs from the TCGA cohort. Although replication studies are needed to better understand the role of this variant in the FNMTC susceptibility, the NID1 variant (c.1971T>G) identified in this study fulfills several criteria that suggest it as a new FNMTC predisposing gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Barbalho de Mello
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thaise Nayane Ribeiro Carneiro
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Neves Araujo
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Xavier Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria das Graças de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Karina Marques Vermeulen-Serpa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernando José de Pinto Paiva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to J M Cerutti:
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Papillary Thyroid Cancer Affecting Multiple Family Members: A Case Report and Literature Review of Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer. Case Rep Endocrinol 2021; 2021:3472000. [PMID: 34691791 PMCID: PMC8536453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3472000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) represents 5–10% of NMTC cases. Many controversies are associated with the FNMTC, namely, the minimum required number of affected family members to define the condition, aggressiveness, prognosis, and treatment and screening recommendations. Moreover, the genetic basis of the FNMTC has not yet been identified. We report a family diagnosed with FNMTC and present a comprehensive literature review of the condition. The index case was a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Then, his family members became worried and asked for a neck ultrasound. Four of his six siblings, in addition to his father, were diagnosed with PTC. In addition, two of his cousins were diagnosed. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection, and he received 2 doses of radioactive iodine (100 mCi each). Furthermore, one of his siblings required a second surgery with repeated radioactive iodine therapy. The index case genetic screening and whole-exome sequencing did not show any abnormalities. Future genetic and clinical research should focus on kindred with 3 or more affected individuals for better identification of the FNMTC susceptibility genes and to better guide management and screening recommendations.
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Bellotti E, Cascone MG, Barbani N, Rossin D, Rastaldo R, Giachino C, Cristallini C. Targeting Cancer Cells Overexpressing Folate Receptors with New Terpolymer-Based Nanocapsules: Toward a Novel Targeted DNA Delivery System for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091275. [PMID: 34572461 PMCID: PMC8471118 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics represent the standard treatment for a wide range of cancers. However, these agents also affect healthy cells, thus leading to severe off-target effects. Given the non-selectivity of the commonly used drugs, any increase in the selective tumor tissue uptake would represent a significant improvement in cancer therapy. Recently, the use of gene therapy to completely remove the lesion and avoid the toxicity of chemotherapeutics has become a tendency in oncotherapy. Ideally, the genetic material must be safely transferred from the site of administration to the target cells, without involving healthy tissues. This can be achieved by encapsulating genes into non-viral carriers and modifying their surface with ligands with high selectivity and affinity for a relevant receptor on the target cells. Hence, in this work we evaluate the use of terpolymer-based nanocapsules for the targeted delivery of DNA toward cancer cells. The surface of the nanocapsules is decorated with folic acid to actively target the folate receptors overexpressed on a variety of cancer cells. The nanocapsules demonstrate a good ability of encapsulating and releasing DNA. Moreover, the presence of the targeting moieties on the surface of the nanocapsules favors cell uptake, opening up the possibility of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellotti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-(010)-28961 (E.B.); +39-(050)-2217802 (C.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cascone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Turin, Italy; (D.R.); (R.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Turin, Italy; (D.R.); (R.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Turin, Italy; (D.R.); (R.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Caterina Cristallini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.B.)
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-(010)-28961 (E.B.); +39-(050)-2217802 (C.C.)
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Marques IJ, Gomes I, Pojo M, Pires C, Moura MM, Cabrera R, Santos C, van IJcken WFJ, Teixeira MR, Ramalho JS, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of SPRY4 as a Novel Candidate Susceptibility Gene for Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2021; 31:1366-1375. [PMID: 33906393 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: The molecular basis of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is still poorly understood, representing a limitation for molecular diagnosis and clinical management. In this study, we aimed to identify new susceptibility genes for FNMTC through whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of leukocyte DNA of patients from a highly informative FNMTC family. Methods: We selected six affected family members to conduct WES analysis. Bioinformatic analyses were undertaken to filter and select the genetic variants shared by the affected members, which were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. To select the most likely pathogenic variants, several studies were performed, including family segregation analysis, in silico impact characterization, and gene expression (messenger RNA and protein) depiction in databases. For the most promising variant identified, we performed in vitro studies to validate its pathogenicity. Results: Several potentially pathogenic variants were identified in different candidate genes. After filtering with appropriate criteria, the variant c.701C>T, p.Thr234Met in the SPRY4 gene was prioritized for in vitro functional characterization. This SPRY4 variant led to an increase in cell viability and colony formation, indicating that it confers a proliferative advantage and potentiates clonogenic capacity. Phosphokinase array and Western blot analyses suggested that the effects of the SPRY4 variant were mediated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, which was further supported by a higher responsiveness of thyroid cancer cells with the SPRY4 variant to a MEK inhibitor. Conclusions: WES analysis in one family identified SPRY4 as a likely novel candidate susceptibility gene for FNMTC, allowing a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José S Ramalho
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pires C, Marques IJ, Dias D, Saramago A, Leite V, Cavaco BM. A pathogenic variant in CHEK2 shows a founder effect in Portuguese Roma patients with thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2021; 73:588-597. [PMID: 33683595 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in DNA repair-related genes have been recently reported in cases with familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). A Portuguese family from the Roma ethnic group with four members affected with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and three members with multinodular goiter (MNG) was identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of DNA repair-related genes in the etiology of FNMTC in this family and in the Roma ethnic group. METHODS Ninety-four hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed through next-generation sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used for variant confirmation and screening. Twelve polymorphic markers were genotyped for haplotype analysis in the CHEK2 locus. RESULTS A germline pathogenic frameshift variant in the CHEK2 gene [c.596dupA, p.(Tyr199Ter)] was detected in homozygosity in the proband (PTC) and in his brother (MNG), being heterozygous in his mother (PTC), two sisters (PTC), and one nephew (MNG). This variant was absent in 100 general population controls. The screening of the CHEK2 variant was extended to other Roma individuals, being detected in 2/33 Roma patients with thyroid cancer, and in 1/15 Roma controls. Haplotype segregation analysis identified a common ancestral core haplotype (Hcac), covering 10 Mb in the CHEK2 locus, shared by affected CHEK2 variant carriers. Analysis of 62 individuals CHEK2 wild-type indicated that none presented the Hcac haplotype. The estimated age for this variant suggested that it was transmitted by a relatively recent common ancestor. CONCLUSIONS We identified a founder CHEK2 pathogenic variant, which is likely to underlie thyroid cancer and other cancer manifestations in the Roma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Jorge Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Dias
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branca Maria Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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21
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Germ-line mutations in WDR77 predispose to familial papillary thyroid cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026327118. [PMID: 34326253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026327118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of predisposition to nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) remains unclear. Here, we report six individuals with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in two unrelated nonsyndromic FNMTC families. Whole-exome sequencing revealed two germ-line loss-of-function variants occurring within a 28-bp fragment of WDR77, which encodes a core member of a transmethylase complex formed with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 that is responsible for histone H4 arginine 3 dimethylation (H4R3me2) in frogs and mammals. To date, the association of WDR77 with susceptibility to cancer in humans is unknown. A very rare heterozygous missense mutation (R198H) in WDR77 exon 6 was identified in one family of three affected siblings. A heterozygous splice-site mutation (c.619+1G > C) at the 5' end of intron 6 is present in three affected members from another family. The R198H variant impairs the interaction of WDR77 with PRMT5, and the splice-site mutation causes exon 6 skipping and results in a marked decrease in mutant messenger RNA, accompanied by obviously reduced H4R3me2 levels in mutation carriers. Knockdown of WDR77 results in increased growth of thyroid cancer cells. Whole-transcriptome analysis of WDR77 mutant patient-derived thyroid tissue showed changes in pathways enriched in the processes of cell cycle promotion and apoptosis inhibition. In summary, we report WDR77 mutations predisposing patients to nonsyndromic familial PTC and link germ-line WDR77 variants to human malignant disease.
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22
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Aswath K, Welch J, Gubbi S, Veeraraghavan P, Avadhanula S, Gara SK, Dikoglu E, Merino M, Raffeld M, Xi L, Kebebew E, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J. Co-Occurrence of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer (FNMTC) and Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) Associated Tumors-A Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:653401. [PMID: 34326811 PMCID: PMC8315151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.653401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is a form of endocrine malignancy exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with largely unknown germline molecular mechanism. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) is another hereditary autosomal dominant cancer syndrome which, if proven to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR)-MLHL, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM-is called Lynch syndrome (LS). LS results in hereditary predisposition to a number of cancers, especially colorectal and endometrial cancers. Tumors in LS are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or loss of MMR protein expression in immunohistochemistry (IHC). MSI is a rare event in thyroid cancer (TC), although it is known to occur in up to 2.5% of sporadic follicular TC cases. There are limited data on the role of germline MMR variants FNMTC. The goal of this study was to analyze the potential clinical and molecular association between HNPCC and FNMTC. We performed a cohort study analyzing the demographic, clinical, and pathologic data of 43 kindreds encompassing 383 participants (104 affected, 279 unaffected), aged 43.5 [7-99] years with FNMTC, and performed high-throughput whole-exome sequencing (WES) of peripheral blood DNA samples of selected 168 participants (54 affected by FNMTC and 114 unaffected). Total affected by thyroid cancer members per family ranged between 2 and 9 patients. FNMTC was more prevalent in women (68.3%) and characterized by a median tumor size of 1.0 [0.2-5.0] cm, multifocal growth in 44%, and gross extrathyroidal extension in 11.3%. Central neck lymph node metastases were found in 40.3% of patients at presentation, 12.9% presented with lateral neck lymph node metastases, and none had distant metastases. Family history screening revealed one Caucasian family meeting the clinical criteria for FNMTC and HNPCC, with five members affected by FNMTC and at least eight individuals reportedly unaffected by HNPCC-associated tumors. In addition, two family members were affected by melanoma. Genome Analysis Tool Kit (GATK) pipeline was used in variant analysis. Among 168 sequenced participants, a heterozygous missense variant in the MSH2 gene (rs373226409; c.2120G>A; p.Cys707Tyr) was detected exclusively in FNMTC- HNPCC- kindred. In this family, the sequencing was performed in one member affected by FNMTC, HPNCC-associated tumors and melanoma, one member affected solely by HNPCC-associated tumor, and one member with FNMTC only, as well as seven unaffected family members. The variant was present in all three affected adults, and in two unaffected children of the affected member, under the age of 18 years, and was absent in non-affected adults. This variant is predicted to be damaging/pathogenic in 17/20 in-silico models. However, immunostaining performed on the thyroid tumor tissue of two affected by FNMTC family members revealed intact nuclear expression of MSH2, and microsatellite stable status in both tumors that were tested. Although the MSH2 p.Cys707Tyr variant is rare with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of 0.00006 in Caucasians; it is more common in the South Asian population at 0.003 MAF. Therefore, the MSH2 variant observed in this family is unlikely to be an etiologic factor of thyroid cancer and a common genetic association between FNMTC and HNPCC has not yet been identified. This is the first report known to us on the co-occurrence of FNMTC and HNPCC. The co-occurrence of FNMTC and HNPCC-associated tumors is a rare event and although presented in a single family in our large FNMTC cohort, a common genetic background between the two comorbidities could not be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Aswath
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Welch
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Padmasree Veeraraghavan
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shirisha Avadhanula
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sudheer Kumar Gara
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Esra Dikoglu
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maria Merino
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark Raffeld
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Liqiang Xi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Orois A, Mora M, Halperin I, Oriola J. Familial non medullary thyroid carcinoma: Beyond the syndromic forms. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:260-269. [PMID: 34266638 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer is defined as the presence of non-medullary thyroid cancer in two or more first-degree relatives, in the absence of other predisposing factors. It represents up to 9% of differentiated thyroid cancers, and only a minority appears in well-known hereditary syndromes that associate thyroid cancer among many other clinical manifestations. However, in more than 95% of cases, thyroid cancer appears isolated, and its genetic causes have yet to be elucidated. We review here the current knowledge of the genetic basis of this pathology, as well as its clinical characteristics. Understanding the genetic mechanisms implied would help to comprehend the metabolic pathways involved, with the consequent potential therapeutic application. In addition, it would allow genetic counseling and to focus our efforts on patients at risk of developing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Orois
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Mora
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Halperin
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Yu Y, Bovenhuis H, Wu Z, Laport K, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA. Deleterious Mutations in the TPO Gene Associated with Familial Thyroid Follicular Cell Carcinoma in Dutch German Longhaired Pointers. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:997. [PMID: 34209805 PMCID: PMC8306087 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial thyroid cancer originating from follicular cells accounts for 5-15% of all the thyroid carcinoma cases in humans. Previously, we described thyroid follicular cell carcinomas in a large number of the Dutch German longhaired pointers (GLPs) with a likely autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Here, we investigated the genetic causes of the disease using a combined approach of genome-wide association study and runs of homozygosity (ROH) analysis based on 170k SNP array genotype data and whole-genome sequences. A region 0-5 Mb on chromosome 17 was identified to be associated with the disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed many mutations fitting the recessive inheritance pattern in this region including two deleterious mutations in the TPO gene, chr17:800788G>A (686F>V) and chr17:805276C>T (845T>M). These two SNP were subsequently genotyped in 186 GLPs (59 affected and 127 unaffected) and confirmed to be highly associated with the disease. The recessive genotypes had higher relative risks of 16.94 and 16.64 compared to homozygous genotypes for the reference alleles, respectively. This study provides novel insight into the genetic causes leading to the familial thyroid follicular cell carcinoma, and we were able to develop a genetic test to screen susceptible dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard P. M. A. Crooijmans
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Y.); (H.B.); (Z.W.); (K.L.); (M.A.M.G.)
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25
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Capezzone M, Robenshtok E, Cantara S, Castagna MG. Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer: a critical review. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:943-950. [PMID: 33025555 PMCID: PMC8049908 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC), mainly of papillary histotype (FPTC), is defined by the presence of the disease in two or more first-degree relatives in the absence of other known familial syndromes. With the increasing incidence of PTC in the recent years, the familial form of the disease has also become more common than previously reported and constitutes nearly 10% of all thyroid cancers. Many aspects of FNMTC are debated, concerning both clinical and genetic aspects. Several studies reported that, in comparison with sporadic PTCs, FPTCs are more aggressive at disease presentation, while other authors reported no differences in the clinical behavior of sporadic and familial PTCs. For this reason, recent guidelines do not recommend screening of family members of patients with diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). FNMTC is described as a polygenic disorder associated with multiple low- to moderate-penetrance susceptibility genes and incomplete penetrance. At the moment, the genetic factors contributing to the development of FNMTC remain poorly understood, though many putative genes have been proposed in the recent years. PURPOSE Based on current literature and our experience with FNMTC, in this review, we critically discussed the most relevant controversies, including its definition, the genetic background and some clinical aspects as screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capezzone
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Robenshtok
- Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Cantara
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M G Castagna
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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26
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Parad MT, Fararouei M, Mirahmadizadeh AR, Afrashteh S. Thyroid cancer and its associated factors: A population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:514-521. [PMID: 33634859 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rising incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer (TC) worldwide, the aim of our study was to determine the risk factors for TC in a province with the highest incidence of TC in the country located at the South of Iran. A population-based case-control study was performed on 708 participants (361 new cases and 347 controls). The case participants were selected from the Iranian National Cancer Registry database. Frequency matched for gender and age, and the control participants were selected randomly from the neighborhood of the cases. Based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis, benign thyroid diseases (eg, hyperthyroidism ORyes/no = 14.06, 95% CI: 5.13-38.51), family history of TC (ORyes/no = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.51-8.26), radiation exposure of the head (ORyes/no = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.03-3.60), family history of thyroid diseases (ORyes/no = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.19-2.62) and family history of other types of cancer (ORyes/no = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.01-2.74), significantly increased the risk of developing TC. On the other hand, high blood pressure (ORyes/no = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.64), higher education (ORcollege/illiterate = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.96), consumption of unsaturated fat (ORunsaturated/saturated = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.87) and being married (ORmarried/single = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98) were found to be protective factors. Some community-based interventions, for example, reduction in radiation exposure and screening members of families with underlying thyroid diseases may help in preventing or early diagnosis of TC. More studies on the health effects of local herbs are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- HIV/AIDs Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Afrashteh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Zhou J, Singh P, Yin K, Wang J, Bao Y, Wu M, Pathak K, McKinley SK, Braun D, Lubitz CC, Hughes KS. Non-medullary Thyroid Cancer Susceptibility Genes: Evidence and Disease Spectrum. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:6590-6600. [PMID: 33660127 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) is increasing worldwide. Although most NMTCs grow slowly, conventional therapies are less effective in advanced tumors. Approximately 5-15% of NMTCs have a significant germline genetic component. Awareness of the NMTC susceptibility genes may lead to earlier diagnosis and better cancer prevention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide the current panorama of susceptibility genes associated with NMTC and the spectrum of diseases associated with these genes. METHODS Twenty-five candidate genes were identified by searching for relevant studies in PubMed. Each candidate gene was carefully checked using six authoritative genetic resources: ClinGen, National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Genetics Home Reference, GeneCards, and Gene-NCBI, and a validated natural language processing (NLP)-based literature review protocol was used to further assess gene-disease associations where there was ambiguity. RESULTS Among 25 candidate genes, 10 (APC, DICER1, FOXE1, HABP2, NKX2-1, PRKAR1A, PTEN, SDHB, SDHD, and SRGAP1) were verified among the six genetic resources. Two additional genes, CHEK2 and SEC23B, were verified using the NLP protocol. Seventy-nine diseases were found to be associated with these 12 NMTC susceptibility genes. The following diseases were associated with more than one NMTC susceptibility gene: colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma, and benign skin conditions. CONCLUSION Twelve genes predisposing to NMTC and their associated disease spectra were identified and verified. Clinicians should be aware that patients with certain pathogenic variants may require more aggressive surveillance beyond their thyroid cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Bao
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Menghua Wu
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kush Pathak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, P. D Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sophia K McKinley
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carrie C Lubitz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin S Hughes
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Mete O, Asa SL, LiVolsi V. Inherited Follicular Epithelial-Derived Thyroid Carcinomas: From Molecular Biology to Histological Correlates. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:77-101. [PMID: 33495912 PMCID: PMC7960606 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer derived from thyroid follicular epithelial cells is common; it represents the most common endocrine malignancy. The molecular features of sporadic tumors have been clarified in the past decade. However the incidence of familial disease has not been emphasized and is often overlooked in routine practice. A careful clinical documentation of family history or familial syndromes that can be associated with thyroid disease can help identify germline susceptibility-driven thyroid neoplasia. In this review, we summarize a large body of information about both syndromic and non-syndromic familial thyroid carcinomas. A significant number of patients with inherited non-medullary thyroid carcinomas manifest disease that appears to be sporadic disease even in some syndromic cases. The cytomorphology of the tumor(s), molecular immunohistochemistry, the findings in the non-tumorous thyroid parenchyma and other associated lesions may provide insight into the underlying syndromic disorder. However, the increasing evidence of familial predisposition to non-syndromic thyroid cancers is raising questions about the importance of genetics and epigenetics. What appears to be "sporadic" is becoming less often truly so and more often an opportunity to identify and understand novel genetic variants that underlie tumorigenesis. Pathologists must be aware of the unusual morphologic features that should prompt germline screening. Therefore, recognition of harbingers of specific germline susceptibility syndromes can assist in providing information to facilitate early detection to prevent aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Clinical University Hospital, Travesía Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Medical Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Pathology and Endocrine Oncology Site, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Virginia LiVolsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelmann School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gąsior-Perczak D, Kowalik A, Gruszczyński K, Walczyk A, Siołek M, Pałyga I, Trepka S, Mikina E, Trybek T, Kopczyński J, Suligowska A, Ślusarczyk R, Gonet A, Jaskulski J, Orłowski P, Chrapek M, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. Incidence of the CHEK2 Germline Mutation and Its Impact on Clinicopathological Features, Treatment Responses, and Disease Course in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030470. [PMID: 33530461 PMCID: PMC7865996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the CHEK2 mutation was a predictor of poorer clinical course in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. The study included 1547 patients from a single center in Poland, in whom the presence and variant of the CHEK2 mutation were determined. Two hundred and forty patients were found to carry this mutation. We found significant association of the CHEK2 truncating variant with vascular invasion and intermediate or high initial risk of recurrence/persistence, whereas this relationship was not found in case of the missense CHEK2 variant. Neither the truncating nor the missense mutations were associated with worse primary treatment response and outcome of the disease. Abstract The CHEK2 gene is involved in the repair of damaged DNA. CHEK2 germline mutations impair this repair mechanism, causing genomic instability and increasing the risk of various cancers, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Here, we asked whether CHEK2 germline mutations predict a worse clinical course for PTC. The study included 1547 unselected PTC patients (1358 women and 189 men) treated at a single center. The relationship between mutation status and clinicopathological characteristics, treatment responses, and disease outcome was assessed. CHEK2 mutations were found in 240 (15.5%) of patients. A CHEK2 I157T missense mutation was found in 12.3%, and CHEK2 truncating mutations (IVS2 + 1G > A, del5395, 1100delC) were found in 2.8%. The truncating mutations were more common in women (p = 0.038), and were associated with vascular invasion (OR, 6.91; p < 0.0001) and intermediate or high initial risk (OR, 1.92; p = 0.0481) in multivariate analysis. No significant differences in these parameters were observed in patients with the I157T missense mutation. In conclusion, the CHEK2 truncating mutations were associated with vascular invasion and with intermediate and high initial risk of recurrence/persistence. Neither the truncating nor the missense mutations were associated with worse primary treatment response and outcome of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gąsior-Perczak
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.G.)
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gruszczyński
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Walczyk
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Monika Siołek
- Genetic Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Iwona Pałyga
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Sławomir Trepka
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Estera Mikina
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomasz Trybek
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Suligowska
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Rafał Ślusarczyk
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Gonet
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Jarosław Jaskulski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Paweł Orłowski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Chrapek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (I.P.); (S.T.); (R.Ś.); (A.G.); (J.J.); (P.O.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Center, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (E.M.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
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Capezzone M, Sagnella A, Pilli T, Maino F, Forleo R, Cantara S, Cartocci A, Castagna MG. Role of Age at Diagnosis in Defining Potential Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in Kindreds With Two Affected Members. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e855-e865. [PMID: 33175120 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The definition of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) in 2 or more first-degree relatives is controversial due to the high probability of observing a sporadic association when only 2 members of first-degree relatives are affected. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of age at diagnosis in differentiating the true cases of FNMTC. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME From a group of 721 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients, 95 familial PTC (FPTC) patients with 2 first-degree relatives have been identified. They were split in 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of both the proband and the affected relative, with age at diagnosis ≤ 45 years; Group 2 consisted of proband and/or the affected family member, with age at diagnosis > 45 years. The clinical-pathological features and outcome of both FPTC groups were compared with 626 sporadic PTC patients (SPTC). RESULTS Familial PTC patients with age at diagnosis ≤ 45 years, compared with the matched group of sporadic PTCs, had a more frequent multifocal, bilateral, and extrathyroidal extension of tumor and showed worse outcome. No differences were found between FPTC and SPTC patients with age > 45 years. At multivariate analysis, distant metastases, American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk, and FPTC ≤ 45 years were independent predictors of outcome. CONCLUSIONS Based on the observation that PTC is more aggressive when the diagnosis is made in 2 family members, both with age < 45years, we suggest that the definition of FPTC in kindreds with 2 affected members should also take into account the age at diagnosis as a key element of familial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capezzone
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Sagnella
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tania Pilli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Maino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Forleo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Castagna
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Cirello V, Colombo C, Karapanou O, Pogliaghi G, Persani L, Fugazzola L. Clinical and Genetic Features of a Large Monocentric Series of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:589340. [PMID: 33488516 PMCID: PMC7817808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.589340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several low penetration susceptibility risk loci or genes have been proposed in recent years with a possible causative role for familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC), though the results are still not conclusive or reliable. Among all the candidates, here fully reviewed, a new extremely rare germline variant c.3607A>G (p.Y1203H) of the DUOX2 gene, has been recently reported to co-segregate with the affected members of one non-syndromic FNMTC family. We aimed to validate this finding in our series of 33 unrelated FNMTC Italian families, previously found to be negative for two susceptibility germline variants in the HABP2 and MAP2K5 genes. Unfortunately, the DUOX2 p.Y1203H variant was not found in either the 74 affected or the 12 not affected family members of our series. We obtained interesting data by comparing the clinico-pathological data of the affected members of our kindreds with a large consecutive series of sporadic cases, followed at our site. We found that familial tumors had a statistically significant more aggressive presentation at diagnosis, though not resulting in a worst outcome. In conclusion, we report genetic and clinical data in a large series of FNMTC kindreds. Our families are negative for variants reported as likely causative, namely those lying in the HABP2, MAP2K5 and DUOX2 genes. The extensive review of the current knowledge on the genetic risk factors for non-syndromic FNMTCs underlies how the management of these tumors remains mainly clinical. Despite the more aggressive presentation of familial cases, an appropriate treatment leads to an outcome similar to that observed for sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga Karapanou
- Department of Endocrinology, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriele Pogliaghi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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32
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Pasquali D, Torella A, Accardo G, Esposito D, Del Vecchio Blanco F, Salvatore D, Sabatino P, Pacini F, Barbato F, Castagna MG, Cantara S, Nigro V. BROX haploinsufficiency in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:165-171. [PMID: 32385852 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is suspected to be a Mendelian condition in up to 3-8% of thyroid cancers. The susceptibility chromosomal loci and genes of 95% of FNMTC cases remain to be characterized. The inheritance of FNMTC appears to be autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. The finding of the causative gene of FNMTC and the identification of patients at risk that need genetic testing were our aim. METHODS We analyzed by whole-exome sequencing patients and non-affected relatives of five families with at least two family members affected by papillary thyroid cancer, selecting for new or extremely rare variants with predicted pathogenic value. RESULTS A family showed, in all three affected members, a new loss-of-function variant (frameshift deletion) in BROX gene at 1q41 that was absent from all internal and external databases. In a second family with three affected relatives, we found an additional new BROX variant. The smaller families presented no variants in BROX or in the other causative genes studied. CONCLUSIONS BROX could be a new causative gene for FNMTC. Variants in BROX may result in the haploinsufficiency of a key gene involved in the morphogenesis of MVBs, in the endosomal sorting of cargo proteins, and in EGFR. Functional studies are needed to support this result. The thorough genomic analysis by NGS in all families with three or more affected members should become a routine approach to obtain a comprehensive genetic view and find confirmative second cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pasquali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Advanced Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - A Torella
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania"Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - G Accardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Advanced Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - D Esposito
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Del Vecchio Blanco
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania"Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - D Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - P Sabatino
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pacini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Barbato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M G Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Cantara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania"Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
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Miasaki FY, Fuziwara CS, de Carvalho GA, Kimura ET. Genetic Mutations and Variants in the Susceptibility of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1364. [PMID: 33218058 PMCID: PMC7698903 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy with the majority of cases derived from thyroid follicular cells and caused by sporadic mutations. However, when at least two or more first degree relatives present thyroid cancer, it is classified as familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) that may comprise 3-9% of all thyroid cancer. In this context, 5% of FNMTC are related to hereditary syndromes such as Cowden and Werner Syndromes, displaying specific genetic predisposition factors. On the other hand, the other 95% of cases are classified as non-syndromic FNMTC. Over the last 20 years, several candidate genes emerged in different studies of families worldwide. Nevertheless, the identification of a prevalent polymorphism or germinative mutation has not progressed in FNMTC. In this work, an overview of genetic alteration related to syndromic and non-syndromic FNMTC is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Yukiko Miasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Gisah Amaral de Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Orois A, Mora M, Halperin I, Oriola J. Familial non medullary thyroid carcinoma: Beyond the syndromic forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:260-269. [PMID: 33191196 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer is defined as the presence of non-medullary thyroid cancer in two or more first-degree relatives, in the absence of other predisposing factors. It represents up to 9% of differentiated thyroid cancers, and only a minority appears in well-known hereditary syndromes that associate thyroid cancer among many other clinical manifestations. However, in more than 95% of cases, thyroid cancer appears isolated, and its genetic causes have yet to be elucidated. We review here the current knowledge of the genetic basis of this pathology, as well as its clinical characteristics. Understanding the genetic mechanisms implied would help to comprehend the metabolic pathways involved, with the consequent potential therapeutic application. In addition, it would allow genetic counseling and to focus our efforts on patients at risk of developing this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Orois
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
| | - Mireia Mora
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, España
| | - Irene Halperin
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, ICMDM, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Josep Oriola
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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35
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Cirello V. Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma: clinico-pathological features, current knowledge and novelty regarding genetic risk factors. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:5-20. [PMID: 33045820 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) constitutes 3-9% of all thyroid cancers and occurs in two or more first-degree relatives in the absence of predisposing environmental factors. Out of all FNMTC cases, only 5% are represented by syndromic forms (Gardner's Syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, Cowden's Syndrome, Carney complex 1, Werner's Syndrome and DICER1 syndrome), in which thyroid cancer occurs as a minor component and the genetic alterations are well-known. The non-syndromic forms represent the majority of all FNMTCs (95%), and the thyroid cancer is the predominant feature. Several low penetration susceptibility risk loci or genes (i.e. TTF1, FOXE1, SRGAP1, SRRM2, HABP2, MAP2K5, and DUOX2), here fully reviewed, have been proposed in recent years with a possible causative role, though the results are still not conclusive or reliable. FNMTC is indistinguishable from sporadic non-medullary thyroid cancer (sNMTC), which means that FNMTC cannot be diagnosed until at least one of the patient's first-degree relatives is affected by tumor. Some studies reported that the non-syndromic FNMTC is more aggressive than the sNMTC, being characterized by a younger age of onset and a higher rate of multifocal and bilateral tumors, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. On the contrary, other studies did not find clinical differences between non-syndromic FNMTCs and sporadic cases. Here, I reported an extensive review on genetic and clinico-pathological features of the FNMTC, with particular attention on novel genetic risk factors for non-syndromic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy -
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Yao F, Yan C, Zhang Y, Shen L, Zhou D, Ni J. Identification of blood protein biomarkers for breast cancer staging by integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses. J Proteomics 2020; 230:103991. [PMID: 32971305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy for women. Accurate prediction of breast cancer and its pathological stages is important for treatment decision-making. Although many studies have focused on discovering circulating biomarkers of breast cancer, no such biomarkers have been reported for different stages of this disease. In this study, we identified blood protein biomarkers for each stage of breast cancer by analyzing transcriptome and proteome data from patients. Analysis of the TCGA transcriptome datasets revealed that a large number of genes were differentially expressed in tumor samples of each stage of breast cancer compared with adjacent normal tissues. Blood-secretory proteins encoded by these genes were then predicted by bioinformatics programs. Furthermore, iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was conducted for plasma samples of breast cancer patients with different stages. A portion of predicted blood-secretory proteins could be detected and verified differentially expressed. Finally, several proteins were chosen as potential blood protein biomarkers for different stages of breast cancer due to their consistent expression patterns at both mRNA and protein levels. Overall, our data provide new insights into diagnosis and classification of breast cancer as well as selection of optimal treatments. SIGNIFICANCE: We identified blood protein biomarkers for each stage of breast cancer by analyzing tissue-based transcriptome and blood-based proteome data from patients. To our knowledge, this is the first time to try to identify blood protein biomarkers for different stages of breast cancer via these integrative analyses. Our data may provide new insights into diagnosis and classification of breast cancer as well as selection of optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongxian Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Comparative eye and liver differentially expressed genes reveal monochromatic vision and cancer resistance in the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Genomics 2020; 112:4817-4826. [PMID: 32890699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus is an oceanic pelagic shark found worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters. However, the understanding of its biology at molecular level is still incipient. We sequenced the messenger RNA isolated from eye and liver tissues. De novo transcriptome yielded a total of 705,940 transcripts. A total of 3774 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs), with 1612 in the eye and 2162 in the liver. Most DEGs in the eye were related to structural and signaling functions, including nonocular and ocular opsin genes, whereas nine out of ten most overexpressed genes in the liver were related to tumor suppression, wound healing, and human diseases. Furthermore, DEGs findings provide insights on the monochromatic shark vision and a repertory of cancer-related genes, which may be insightful to elucidate shark resistance to cancer. Therefore, our results provide valuable sequence resources for future functional and population studies.
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Jiang Y, Li J, Sang C, Cao G, Wang S. Diagnostic and prognostic value of HABP2 as a novel biomarker for endometrial cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1164. [PMID: 33241013 PMCID: PMC7576057 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common malignant disorder in women, with its incidence increasing. A biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic value remains to be found. The HABP2 protein, or Factor VII-activating protease, encodes a hyaluronic acid-binding protein. METHODS Patient data including clinical characteristics and RNAseq information of HABP2 was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and analyzed by R statistic packages. A total of 370 women with endometrial cancer were enrolled in the study. To study the diagnostic value of HABP2 in patients with endometrial cancer, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted by the pROC package. To study the prognostic value of HABP2 in patients with endometrial cancer, the survival package in R was used and the Cox model was established. RESULTS HABP2 expression was lower in endometrial cancer compared with normal endometrial tissues. HABP2 showed moderate diagnostic value for endometrial cancer, with HBP2 expression associated with vital status, histologic grade, and residual tumor. HABP2 was an independent prognostic factor, with low HABP2 expression indicating a better overall survival. CONCLUSIONS HABP2 has diagnostic and prognostic value and maybe a novel biomarker for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiqin Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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39
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Lin HT, Liu FC, Lin SF, Kuo CF, Chen YY, Yu HP. Familial Aggregation and Heritability of Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer in an Asian Population: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5825279. [PMID: 32333767 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to assess the extent of familial aggregation of nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) and the relative risks (RRs) of chronic thyroid diseases and common malignancies in first-degree relatives of NMTC patients. METHODS In the National Health Insurance Research database of Taiwan, all eligible individuals in 2016 were analyzed (n = 23 696 659) and the family structures of 38 686 patients diagnosed with NMTC between 1997 and 2016 were identified. The prevalence and RRs of NMTC, chronic thyroid diseases, and common malignancies in individuals with first-degree relatives with NMTC were examined. The accountability of heritability and environmental factors to NMTC susceptibility was estimated using the polygenic liability model. RESULTS The prevalence of NMTC was 0.16% in the general population and 0.64% in individuals with first-degree relatives with NMTC. Regarding affected relatives, the RR (95% CI) for NMTC was 20.12 (4.86-83.29) for twins, 6.43 (4.80-8.62) for siblings, 5.24 (4.55-6.03) for offspring, 5.07 (4.41-5.81) for parents, and 2.07 (1.53-2.81) for spouses. The estimated genetic, common environmental, and nonshared environmental contributions to NMTC were 28.0%, 14.3%, and 57.7%, respectively. A family history of NMTC was associated with higher risks of thyroid nodules (RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.18-2.35), Hashimoto thyroiditis (2.11; 1.89-2.36), Graves disease (1.49; 1.42-1.57), lung cancer (1.56; 1.32-1.85), and leukemia and lymphoma (1.24; 1.03-1.50). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the importance of genetic and environmental contributions to NMTC susceptibility and highlight the coaggregation of chronic thyroid diseases and multiple malignancies with NMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Office for Big Data Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chen
- Office for Big Data Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
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Ammar SA, Alobuia WM, Kebebew E. An update on familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2020; 68:502-507. [PMID: 32162184 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) constitutes 3-9% of all thyroid cancer cases. FNMTC is divided into two groups: syndromic and nonsyndromic. Nonsyndromic FNMTC is more common as compared with syndromic FNMTC. In syndromic FNMTC, patients are at risk of nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) and other tumors, and the susceptibility genes are known. In nonsyndromic FNMTC, NMTC is the major feature of the disease and occurs in isolation with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and variable penetrance. New data have emerged on the genetics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of patients with FNMTC that may have clinical relevance in the management of patients. In this review, we focus on newly characterized syndromic FNMTC entities, criteria for screening and surveillance of nonsyndromic FNMTC, and the classification of nonsyndromic FNMTC as well as the genetic background and heterogeneity of nonsyndromic FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine A Ammar
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wilson M Alobuia
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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41
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Rotunno M, Barajas R, Clyne M, Hoover E, Simonds NI, Lam TK, Mechanic LE, Goldstein AM, Gillanders EM. A Systematic Literature Review of Whole Exome and Genome Sequencing Population Studies of Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1519-1534. [PMID: 32467344 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies in cancer research has accelerated the discovery of somatic mutations; however, progress in the identification of germline variation associated with cancer risk is less clear. We conducted a systematic literature review of cancer genetic susceptibility studies that used NGS technologies at an exome/genome-wide scale to obtain a fuller understanding of the research landscape to date and to inform future studies. The variability across studies on methodologies and reporting was considerable. Most studies sequenced few high-risk (mainly European) families, used a candidate analysis approach, and identified potential cancer-related germline variants or genes in a small fraction of the sequenced cancer cases. This review highlights the importance of establishing consensus on standards for the application and reporting of variants filtering strategies. It also describes the progress in the identification of cancer-related germline variation to date. These findings point to the untapped potential in conducting studies with appropriately sized and racially diverse families and populations, combining results across studies and expanding beyond a candidate analysis approach to advance the discovery of genetic variation that accounts for the unexplained cancer heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rotunno
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Rolando Barajas
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mindy Clyne
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Hoover
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Tram Kim Lam
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leah E Mechanic
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Gillanders
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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42
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Decaussin-Petrucci M. [Hereditary predispositions to follicular thyroid tumors]. Ann Pathol 2020; 40:142-147. [PMID: 32192806 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Familial thyroid cancers of follicular origin are rare and include syndromic and non-syndromic tumours. In familial adenomatous polyposis, the prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer is 2-12% and in 20-40% of cases it is a cribriform-morular papillary thyroid carcinoma. Morules and cribriform pattern are the two main typical criteria, associated with a nuclear and cytoplasmic immunopositivity for beta catenin. DICER1 syndrome is associated with pleuropneumoblastoma, ovarian tumors and thyroid pathology (multinodular goiter and less frequently a well-differentiated thyroid cancer without microscopic particularity). Cowden syndrome is characterized by multiple hamartomas and two-thirds of patients develop thyroid pathology, including multinodular goiter (50-67%) and cancer (35%), the latter being one of the major diagnostic criteria of the syndrome. Classic triad of Carney complex associates lentiginosis, myxoid tumors, and various endocrine abnormalities; thyroid pathology occurs in 10% of cases and may be benign or malignant. In Werner's syndrome, thyroid cancer is present in 18% of cases. McCune-Albright syndrome is characterized by fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait spots and various endocrinopathies including hyperthyroidism and nodular hyperplasia. Non-syndromic thyroid cancers, which represent the majority of familial cancers, are most often papillary carcinomas. In daily practice, in the presence of multiple benign thyroid nodules and/or thyroid cancer in a young person, or with family thyroid diseases, the pathologist should be aware about hereditary predispositions to propose an oncogenetic consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Decaussin-Petrucci
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologique, hospices civils de Lyon, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin grand revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; Inserm1052 CNRS5286, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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43
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Orois A, Badenas C, Reverter JL, López V, Potrony M, Mora M, Halperin I, Oriola J. Lack of Mutations in POT1 Gene in Selected Families with Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:111-116. [PMID: 32172474 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the genes involved in familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) remain poorly understood, with the exception of syndromic cases of FNMTC. It has been proposed that germline mutations in telomere-related genes, such as POT1, described in familial melanoma might also predispose individuals to thyroid cancer, requiring further research. We aimed to identify germline mutations in POT1 in selected FNMTC families (with at least three affected members) without a history of other cancers or other features, and to describe the clinical characteristics of these families. Sequencing of the 5'UTR and coding regions of POT1 was performed in seven affected people (index cases) from seven families with FNMTC. In addition, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of DNA from 10 affected individuals belonging to four of these families. We did not find germline variants of interest in POT1 by Sanger sequencing or WES. We neither found putative causative mutations in genes previously described as candidate genes for FNMTC in the 4 families studied by WES. In our study, no germline potentially pathogenic mutations were detected in POT1, minimizing the possibilities that this gene could be substantially involved in non-syndromic FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Orois
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, 08221, Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Celia Badenas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi L Reverter
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute and Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08196, Badalona, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Halperin
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, ICMDM, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Oriola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Sarquis M, Moraes DC, Bastos-Rodrigues L, Azevedo PG, Ramos AV, Reis FV, Dande PV, Paim I, Friedman E, De Marco L. Germline Mutations in Familial Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pathol 2020; 31:14-20. [PMID: 32034658 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer, predominantly of papillary histology (PTC), is a common cancer mostly diagnosed sporadically. Hereditary PTC is encountered in ~ 5% of cases and may present at an earlier age, with greater risks of metastasis and recurrence, compared with sporadic cases. The molecular basis of hereditary PTC is unknown in most cases. In this study, the genetic basis of hereditary PTC in three Brazilian families was investigated. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for probands in each family, and validated, pathogenic/likely pathogenic sequence variants (P/LPSVs) were genotyped in additional family members to establish their putative pathogenic role. Overall, seven P/LPSVs in seven novel genes were detected: p.D283N*ANXA3, p.Y157S*NTN4, p.G172W*SERPINA1, p.G188S*FKBP10, p.R937C*PLEKHG5, p.L32Q*P2RX5, and p.Q76*SAPCD1. These results indicate that these novel genes are seemingly associated with hereditary PTC, but extension and validation in other PTC families are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sarquis
- Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Debora C Moraes
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Bastos-Rodrigues
- Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro G Azevedo
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Versiani Reis
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula V Dande
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Isabela Paim
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Suzanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Luiz De Marco
- Department of Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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45
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Byskov K, Etscheid M, Kanse SM. Cellular effects of factor VII activating protease (FSAP). Thromb Res 2020; 188:74-78. [PMID: 32087413 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating serine protease of broad specificity that is likely to be involved in many pathophysiological processes. The activation of the circulating zymogen form of FSAP by histones, released from damaged cells, underlines its roles in regulating host responses to tissue damage and inflammation. Some of the direct cellular effects of FSAP are mediated through protease-activated receptors (PARs). Knock-down of each one of the four PARs in endothelial cells indicated that PAR-1 and -3 are involved in regulating endothelial permeability in response to FSAP. Overexpression of PARs in cell lines led to the conclusion that PAR-2 and -1 were the main receptors for FSAP. Studies with synthetic peptides and receptor mutants demonstrate that FSAP cleaves PAR-1 and -2 at their canonical cleavage site. However, PAR-1 is not activated by FSAP in all cells, which may be related to other, as yet, undefined factors. Inhibition of apoptosis by FSAP is mediated through PAR-1 and was observed in neurons, astrocytes and A549 cells. FSAP also mediates cellular effects by modulating the activity of growth factors, generation of bradykinin, C5a and C3a generation or histone inactivation. These cellular effects need to be further investigated at the in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Byskov
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sandip M Kanse
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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46
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Hińcza K, Kowalik A, Pałyga I, Walczyk A, Gąsior-Perczak D, Mikina E, Trybek T, Szymonek M, Gadawska-Juszczyk K, Zajkowska K, Suligowska A, Kuchareczko A, Krawczyk K, Kopczyński J, Chrapek M, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. Does the TT Variant of the rs966423 Polymorphism in DIRC3 Affect the Stage and Clinical Course of Papillary Thyroid Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E423. [PMID: 32059462 PMCID: PMC7072153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. Most new diagnoses are of low-grade papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), suggesting that PTC may be over-diagnosed. However, the incidence of advanced-stage PTC has increased in recent years. It is therefore very important to identify prognostic factors for advanced PTC. Somatic mutation of the BRAF gene at V600E, or the coexistence of the BRAF V600E mutation and mutations in the TERT promoter are associated with more aggressive disease. It would also be valuable to identify genetic risk factors affecting PTC prognosis. We therefore evaluated the impact of the rs966423 polymorphism in the DIRC3 gene, including its relationship with unfavorable histopathological and clinical features and mortality, in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The study included 1466 patients diagnosed with DTC from one center. There was no significant association between the DIRC3 genotype at rs966423 (CC, CT, or TT) and any histopathological or clinic factor examined, including initial response to therapy, response at follow-up, or overall mortality, in DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Hińcza
- Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Iwona Pałyga
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland; (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Walczyk
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Danuta Gąsior-Perczak
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Estera Mikina
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomasz Trybek
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Szymonek
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Klaudia Gadawska-Juszczyk
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Klaudia Zajkowska
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Suligowska
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Artur Kuchareczko
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Karol Krawczyk
- Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Chrapek
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska Str. 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland; (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc Av. 19, 25-319 Kielce, Poland; (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.W.); (D.G.-P.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (M.S.); (K.G.-J.); (K.Z.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
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Singh Ospina N, Iñiguez-Ariza NM, Castro MR. Thyroid nodules: diagnostic evaluation based on thyroid cancer risk assessment. BMJ 2020; 368:l6670. [PMID: 31911452 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid nodules are extremely common and can be detected by sensitive imaging in more than 60% of the general population. They are often identified in patients without symptoms who are undergoing evaluation for other medical complaints. Indiscriminate evaluation of thyroid nodules with thyroid biopsy could cause a harmful epidemic of diagnoses of thyroid cancer, but inadequate selection of thyroid nodules for biopsy can lead to missed diagnoses of clinically relevant thyroid cancer. Recent clinical guidelines advocate a more conservative approach in the evaluation of thyroid nodules based on risk assessment for thyroid cancer, as determined by clinical and ultrasound features to guide the need for biopsy. Moreover, newer evidence suggests that for patients with indeterminate thyroid biopsy results, a combined assessment including the initial ultrasound risk stratification or other ancillary testing (molecular markers, second opinion on thyroid cytology) can further clarify the risk of thyroid cancer and the management strategies. This review summarizes the clinical importance of adequate evaluation of thyroid nodules, focuses on the clinical evidence for diagnostic tests that can clarify the risk of thyroid cancer, and highlights the importance of considering the patient's values and preferences when deciding on management strategies in the setting of uncertainty about the risk of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naykky Singh Ospina
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole M Iñiguez-Ariza
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Regina Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Characterization of the enzymatic activity of the serine protease domain of Factor VII activating protease (FSAP). Sci Rep 2019; 9:18990. [PMID: 31831842 PMCID: PMC6908674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor VII (FVII) activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating serine protease. Human genetic studies, based on the Marburg I (MI) (Gly221Glu, chymotrypsin numbering system) polymorphism, implicate FSAP in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Here, we describe the molecular and functional changes caused by the Gly221Glu substitution in the 220 loop using recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli. The serine protease domain (SPD) of wild type (WT) FSAP displayed auto-catalytic activation whereas the MI isoform displayed very low autocatalytic activation and low proteolytic activity against the chromogenic substrate S-2288, Factor VII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor as well as pro-urokinase. Introduction of a thermolysin cleavage site in the activation position (Arg15Gln) led to cleavage of both WT- and MI-SPD and the resulting WT-SPD, but not the MI-SPD, was active. Mutating the Gly221 position to Asp, Gln and Leu led to a loss of activity whereas the Ala substitution was partially active. These results suggest a disturbance of the active site, or non-accessibility of the substrate to the active site in MI-SPD. With respect to regulation with metal ions, calcium, more than sodium, increased the enzymatic activity of WT-SPD. Thus, we describe a novel method for the production of recombinant FSAP-SPD to understand the role of the MI-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the regulation of its activity.
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Byskov K, Le Gall SM, Thiede B, Camerer E, Kanse SM. Protease activated receptors (PAR)-1 and -2 mediate cellular effects of factor VII activating protease (FSAP). FASEB J 2019; 34:1079-1090. [PMID: 31914657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801986rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) is a circulating serine protease implicated in thrombosis, atherosclerosis, stroke, and cancer. Using an overexpression strategy, we have systematically investigated the role of protease activated receptors (PAR)-1, -2, -3, and -4 on FSAP-mediated signaling in HEK293T and A549 cells. Cleavage of PAR-reporter constructs and MAPK phosphorylation was used to monitor receptor activation. FSAP cleaved PAR-2 and to a lesser degree PAR-1, but not PAR-3 or PAR-4 in both cell types. Robust MAPK activation in response to FSAP was observed after PAR-2, but not PAR-1 overexpression in HEK293T. Recombinant serine protease domain of wild type FSAP, but not the Marburg I isoform of FSAP, could reproduce the effects of plasma purified FSAP. Canonical cleavage of both PARs was suggested by mass spectrometric analysis of synthetic peptide substrates from the N-terminus of PARs and site directed mutagenesis studies. Surprisingly, knockdown of endogenous PAR-1, but not PAR-2, prevented the apoptosis-inhibitory effect of FSAP, suggesting that PAR1 is nevertheless a direct or indirect target in some cell types. This molecular characterization of PAR-1 and -2 as cellular receptors of FSAP will help to define the actions of FSAP in the context of cancer and vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Byskov
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sylvain M Le Gall
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernd Thiede
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Camerer
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sandip M Kanse
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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50
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NOP53 as A Candidate Modifier Locus for Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110899. [PMID: 31703244 PMCID: PMC6896177 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) represents 3–9% of thyroid cancers, but the susceptibility gene(s) remain unknown. We designed this multicenter study to analyze families with nonsyndromic FNMTC and identify candidate susceptibility genes. We performed exome sequencing of DNA from four affected individuals from one kindred, with five cases of nonsyndromic FNMTC. Single Nucleotide Variants, and insertions and deletions that segregated with all the affected members, were analyzed by Sanger sequencing in 44 additional families with FNMTC (37 with two affected members, and seven with three or more affected members), as well as in an independent control group of 100 subjects. We identified the germline variant p. Asp31His in NOP53 gene (rs78530808, MAF 1.8%) present in all affected members in three families with nonsyndromic FNMTC, and not present in unaffected spouses. Our functional studies of NOP53 in thyroid cancer cell lines showed an oncogenic function. Immunohistochemistry exhibited increased NOP53 protein expression in tumor samples from affected family members, compared with normal adjacent thyroid tissue. Given the relatively high frequency of the variant in the general population, these findings suggest that instead of a causative gene, NOP53 is likely a low-penetrant gene implicated in FNMTC, possibly a modifier.
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