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Schwarz M, Gazdarica M, Froňková E, Svatoň M, Bronský J, Havlovicová M, Křepelová A, Macek M. Functional studies associate novel DUOX2 gene variants detected in heterozygosity to Crohn's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:399. [PMID: 38456993 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crohn's disease is a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease with possible extraintestinal symptoms. There are predisposing genetic factors and even monogenic variants of the disorder. One of the possible genetic factors are variants of the DUOX2 gene. The protein product of the DUOX2 gene is a dual oxidase enzyme producing H2O2 in the bowel. Reduced H2O2 levels impact mucosal homeostasis and contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus far, only 19 patients with IBD with the DUOX2 variants have been described. METHODS Here we present a case report of an adolescent female diagnosed at eleven years of age with IBD that was subsequently reclassified as Crohn's disease. She was treated with immunosuppressants and biological therapy but experienced additional complications. Her peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA was studied using massive parallel sequencing. Detected variants were functionally studied. RESULTS Whole exome sequencing found two novel DUOX2 gene variants: a de novo variant c.3646C>T; p.R1216W and a maternally inherited variant c.3391G>A; p.A1131T which were initially classified as variants of unknown significance. However, follow-up functional studies demonstrated that both DUOX2 variants led to impaired H2O2 generation, which led to their reclassification to the likely pathogenic class according to the ACMG.net. Therefore, we conclude that these variants are causative for the disease. CONCLUSIONS Identifying novel variants in patients with Crohn's disease and their families is important for precision medicine approaches and understanding of the pathogenesis of likely "monogenic" rare forms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
- PRENET - Laboratoře Lékařské Genetiky s.r.o., Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Gazdarica
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Froňková
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Svatoň
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bronský
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Havlovicová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Křepelová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hatano M, Tanase-Nakao K, Uehara E, Iwano R, Muroya K, Narumi S. Concurrent THRB and DUOX2 variants in a patient detected via newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a case of resistance to thyroid hormone. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:94-100. [PMID: 38572382 PMCID: PMC10985008 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) test negative in newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Here, we present a case of RTH diagnosed through NBS. The patient presented to us after her NBS for CH revealed high TSH (23.4 µIU/mL) and free T4 (FT4) (5.40 ng/dL) levels. Apart from tachycardia, she exhibited no other manifestations related to excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. A confirmatory test replicated the findings, showing elevated serum TSH levels (35.7 µIU/mL) along with high FT4 levels (5.84 ng/dL). Ultrasonography showed marked thyroid gland enlargement (> +4 SD). Targeted next-generation sequencing of genes associated with genetic thyroid disorders revealed a previously reported THRB variant, p.Gly345Cys. Unexpectedly, two biallelic DUOX2 variants (p.His678Arg and p.Arg1334Trp) were also detected. At her last visit, no significant issues were observed with neurological development, growth, bone maturation, or gastrointestinal symptoms related to thyroid function at the age of 1 year, without treatment for RTH and CH. During follow-up, the TSH and FT4 levels gradually decreased. In conclusion, we report a patient with simultaneous RTH and DUOX2 defects, demonstrating the value of conducting a comprehensive analysis of multiple genes associated with thyroid diseases to better comprehend the pathogenesis in patients with atypical thyroid-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Tanase-Nakao
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Uehara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Iwano
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Narumi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Li D, Zhong C, Yang M, He L, Chang H, Zhu N, Celniker SE, Threadgill DW, Snijders AM, Mao JH, Yuan Y. Genetic and microbial determinants of azoxymethane-induced colorectal tumor susceptibility in Collaborative Cross mice and their implication in human cancer. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341647. [PMID: 38659246 PMCID: PMC11057575 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The insights into interactions between host genetics and gut microbiome (GM) in colorectal tumor susceptibility (CTS) remains lacking. We used Collaborative Cross mouse population model to identify genetic and microbial determinants of Azoxymethane-induced CTS. We identified 4417 CTS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) containing 334 genes that were transcriptionally altered in human colorectal cancers (CRCs) and consistently clustered independent human CRC cohorts into two subgroups with different prognosis. We discovered a set of genera in early-life associated with CTS and defined a 16-genus signature that accurately predicted CTS, the majority of which were correlated with human CRCs. We identified 547 SNPs associated with abundances of these genera. Mediation analysis revealed GM as mediators partially exerting the effect of SNP UNC3869242 within Duox2 on CTS. Intestine cell-specific depletion of Duox2 altered GM composition and contribution of Duox2 depletion to CTS was significantly influenced by GM. Our findings provide potential novel targets for personalized CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Chenhan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Li He
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ning Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Susan E Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David W Threadgill
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine and Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Berkeley Biomedical Data Science Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
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La Rosa G, Sozio C, Pipicelli L, Raia M, Palmiero A, Santillo M, Damiano S. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Differentiative Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on M03-13 Human Oligodendrocyte-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16731. [PMID: 38069054 PMCID: PMC10706857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol found mainly in coffee and tea, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects at the gastrointestinal level. However, although CGA is known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), its effects on the CNS are still unknown. Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells in the CNS, are the main target in demyelinating neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic roles of CGA in M03-13, an immortalized human OL cell line. We found that CGA reduces intracellular superoxide ions, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NADPH oxidases (NOXs) /dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) protein levels. The stimulation of M03-13 cells with TNFα activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB) pathway, leading to an increase in superoxide ion, NOXs/DUOX2 and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase (pERK) levels. In addition, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation induces caspase 8 activation and the cleavage of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). All these TNFα-induced effects are reversed by CGA. Furthermore, CGA induces a blockade of proliferation, driving cells to differentiation, resulting in increased mRNA levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP), which are major markers of mature OLs. Overall, these data suggest that dietary supplementation with this polyphenol could play an important beneficial role in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Concetta Sozio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Luca Pipicelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Maddalena Raia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Anna Palmiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.L.R.); (C.S.); (L.P.); (A.P.); (S.D.)
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Castrillón-Betancur JC, López-Agudelo VA, Sommer N, Cleeves S, Bernardes JP, Weber-Stiehl S, Rosenstiel P, Sommer F. Epithelial Dual Oxidase 2 Shapes the Mucosal Microbiome and Contributes to Inflammatory Susceptibility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1889. [PMID: 37891968 PMCID: PMC10603924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen. They act as cellular signals, exert antibiotic activity towards invading microorganisms, but can also damage host cells. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is the main ROS-producing enzyme in the intestine, regulated by cues of the commensal microbiota and functions in pathogen defense. DUOX2 plays multiple roles in different organs and cell types, complicating the functional analysis using systemic deletion models. Here, we interrogate the precise role of epithelial DUOX2 for intestinal homeostasis and host-microbiome interactions. Conditional Duox2∆IEC mice lacking DUOX2, specifically in intestinal epithelial cells, were generated, and their intestinal mucosal immune phenotype and microbiome were analyzed. Inflammatory susceptibility was evaluated by challenging Duox2∆IEC mice in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. DUOX2-microbiome interactions in humans were investigated by paired analyses of mucosal DUOX2 expression and fecal microbiome data in patients with intestinal inflammation. Under unchallenged conditions, we did not observe any obvious phenotype of Duox2∆IEC mice, although intestinal epithelial ROS production was drastically decreased, and the mucosal microbiome composition was altered. When challenged with DSS, Duox2∆IEC mice were protected from colitis, possibly by inhibiting ROS-mediated damage and fostering epithelial regenerative responses. Finally, in patients with intestinal inflammation, DUOX2 expression was increased in inflamed tissue, and high DUOX2 levels were linked to a dysbiotic microbiome. Our findings demonstrate that bidirectional DUOX2-microbiome interactions contribute to mucosal homeostasis, and their dysregulation may drive disease development, thus highlighting this axis as a therapeutic target to treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Alonso López-Agudelo
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Cleeves
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joana Pimenta Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber-Stiehl
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Sommer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Zou D, Yang Y, Ji F, Lv R, Xu T, Hu C. DUOX2-Induced Oxidative Stress Inhibits Intestinal Angiogenesis through MMP3 in a Low-Birth-Weight Piglet Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1800. [PMID: 37891879 PMCID: PMC10603984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal vessels play a critical role in nutrient absorption, whereas the effect and mechanism of low birth weight (LBW) on its formation remain unclear. Here, twenty newborn piglets were assigned to the control (CON) group (1162 ± 98 g) and LBW group (724 ± 31 g) according to their birth weight. Results showed that the villus height and the activity of maltase in the jejunum were lower in the LBW group than in the CON group. LBW group exhibited a higher oxidative stress level and impaired mitochondrial function in the jejunum and was lower than the CON group in the intestinal vascular density. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in intestinal angiogenesis, H2O2 was employed to induce oxidative stress in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The results showed that the conditioned media from IPEC-J2 with H2O2 treatment decreased the angiogenesis of porcine vascular endothelial cells (PVEC). Transcriptome analysis revealed that a higher expression level of dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) was found in the intestine of LBW piglets. Knockdown of DUOX2 in IPEC-J2 increased the proliferation and decreased the oxidative stress level. In addition, conditioned media from IPEC-J2 with DUOX2-knockdown was demonstrated to promote the angiogenesis of PVEC. Mechanistically, the knockdown of DUOX2 decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, thus increasing the angiogenesis in a matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) dependent manner. Conclusively, our results indicated that DUOX2-induced oxidative stress inhibited intestinal angiogenesis through MMP3 in a LBW piglet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbin Zou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (D.Z.); (Y.Y.); (F.J.); (R.L.)
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Peixoto de Barcelos I, Li D, Watson D, M. McCormick E, Elden L, Aleman TS, O’Neil EC, J. Falk M, Hakonarson H. Multiple Independent Gene Disorders Causing Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Congenital Hypothyroidism, and Hearing Loss in a Single Indian Patient. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1210. [PMID: 37626566 PMCID: PMC10452740 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a 20-year-old, female, adopted Indian patient with over 662 Mb regions of homozy-gosity who presented with intellectual disability, ataxia, schizophrenia, retinal dystrophy, moder-ate-to-severe progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), congenital hypothyroidism, cleft mi-tral valve with mild mitral valve regurgitation, and dysmorphic features. Exome analysis first on a clinical basis and subsequently on research reanalysis uncovered pathogenic variants in three nu-clear genes following two modes of inheritance that were causal to her complex phenotype. These included (1) compound heterozygous variants in BBS6 potentially causative for Bardet-Biedl syn-drome 6; (2) a homozygous, known pathogenic variant in the stereocilin (STRC) gene associated with nonsyndromic deafness; and (3) a homozygous variant in dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene asso-ciated with congenital hypothyroidism. A variant of uncertain significance was identified in a fourth gene, troponin T2 (TNNT2), associated with cardiomyopathy but not the cleft mitral valve, with mild mitral regurgitation seen in this case. This patient was the product of an apparent first-degree relationship, explaining the multiple independent inherited findings. This case high-lights the need to carefully evaluate multiple independent genetic etiologies for complex pheno-types, particularly in the case of consanguinity, rather than presuming unexplained features are expansions of known gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Peixoto de Barcelos
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.P.d.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.P.d.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Deborah Watson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.P.d.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Elizabeth M. McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.M.M.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Lisa Elden
- Division of Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Thomas S. Aleman
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.S.A.); (E.C.O.)
- Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics (CAROT), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erin C. O’Neil
- Division of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (T.S.A.); (E.C.O.)
- Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics (CAROT), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Scheie Eye Institute at the Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.M.M.); (M.J.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (I.P.d.B.); (D.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Ye L, Yin Y, Chen M, Gong N, Peng Y, Liu H, Miao J. Combined genetic screening and traditional newborn screening to improve the screening efficiency of congenital hypothyroidism. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1185802. [PMID: 37252044 PMCID: PMC10213735 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1185802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an neonatal endocrine disorder. Traditional newborn screening is the mainstream method of CH screening, so as to ensure the early detection and treatment of CH. This method is limited as it has high rates of false positives and negatives. Genetic screening can be used to address the shortcomings of traditional newborn Screening (NBS); however, the comprehensive clinical value of genetic screening is yet to be systematically studied. Methods A total of 3,158 newborns who accepted the newborn screening and genetic screening were recruited for this study. Biochemical screening and genetic screening were performed at the same time. The level of TSH with the DBS was detected by time-resolved immunofluorescence assay. High-throughput sequencing technology based on targeted gene capture was used for genetic screening. The suspected neonatal was recalled and tested serum TSH, and FT4. Finally, the effectiveness of traditional NBS and combined screening was compared. Results In this study, 16 cases were diagnosed by traditional NBS. 10 cases of DUOX2 mutation were found in newborn CH-related genetic screening, including 5 homozygous and 5 compound heterozygous variations. We found that the c.1588A > T mutations in DUOX2 constituting the predominant site in the present cohort.Compared with NBS and genetic screening, the sensitivity of combined screening increased by 11.1% and 55.6%, respectively. Compared with NBS and genetic screening, the negative predictive value of combined screening increased by 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusions Combined traditional NBS and genetic screening reduces the false negative rate of CH screening and improves the early and accurate identification of neonates with CH. Our research explains the mutation spectrum of CH in this region, and provisionally demonstrates the necessity, feasibility and significance of genetic screening in newborns and provides a solid basis for future clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingkun Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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Kasumba DM, Huot S, Caron E, Fortin A, Laflamme C, Zamorano Cuervo N, Lamontagne F, Pouliot M, Grandvaux N. DUOX2 regulates secreted factors in virus-infected respiratory epithelial cells that contribute to neutrophil attraction and activation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22765. [PMID: 36607642 PMCID: PMC10107641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201205r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first line of defense against respiratory viruses relies on the antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine response initiated in infected respiratory epithelial cells. The cytokine response not only restricts virus replication and spreading, but also orchestrates the subsequent immune response. The epithelial Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) has recently emerged as a regulator of the interferon antiviral response. Here, we investigated the role of DUOX2 in the inflammatory cytokine response using a model of A549 cells deficient in DUOX2 generated using Crispr-Cas9 and infected by Sendai virus. We found that the absence of DUOX2 selectively reduced the induction of a restricted panel of 14 cytokines and chemokines secreted in response to Sendai virus by 20 to 89%. The secreted factors produced by epithelial cells upon virus infection promoted the migration, adhesion, and degranulation of primary human neutrophils, in part through the DUOX2-dependent secretion of TNF and chemokines. In contrast, DUOX2 expression did not impact neutrophil viability or NETosis, thereby highlighting a selective impact of DUOX2 in neutrophil functions. Overall, this study unveils previously unrecognized roles of epithelial DUOX2 in the epithelial-immune cells crosstalk during respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacquin M Kasumba
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandrine Huot
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cynthia Laflamme
- Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Felix Lamontagne
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Pouliot
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.,Axe maladies infectieuses et immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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10
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Zhou L, Liu S, Long W, Wang LL, Yu B. Clinical and genetic investigation in patients with permanent congenital hypothyroidism. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:1-6. [PMID: 36423704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Permanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is usually a more severe type of CH. However, the molecular etiology and clinical features of permanent CH remain unclear. METHODS We recruited 42 patients who were diagnosed with CH and followed-up after diagnosis. Demographic information and data at diagnosis and treatment were recorded. Genetic analyses were performed using whole exome sequencing. Based on the presence or absence of variants and differences in clinical features, we grouped the study participants and analyzed their characteristics. RESULTS A total of 29 patients (69.0 %) were identified as having variants potentially related to their disease. Among the 24 patients with normal-sized thyroid gland-in-situ (GIS) or goiter, 23 (95.8 %, P < 0.001) had variants. This is compared to 18 patients with thyroid dysgenesis (TD), of which six (33.3 %) had genetic variants. We detected 55 variants in six genes, the most frequently mutated gene being DUOX2 (70.9 %). Biallelic DUOX2 variants were detected in 14 of 24 (58.3 %) GIS or goiter patients. Compared to the cases with variants, the L-T4 dose at 2 and 3 years of age and current dose were higher in the unmutated cases. At 2 years of age, patients with TD required higher doses of L-T4 supplementation. Patients with DUOX2 variants showed lower doses of L-T4 being required at 2 and 3 years of age and current. Furthermore, patients with GIS or goiter with DUOX2 variants showed lower doses of L-T4. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CH, whether TD or GIS or goiter, are at risk of developing a permanent condition. Compared with patients with TD, the detection of variants was higher in patients with GIS or goiter. The most frequently mutated gene was DUOX2, with a biallelic type. Patients with TD required higher doses of L-T4 supplementation with age, whereas those patients with the DUOX2 variant required relatively lower doses.
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11
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Shi B, Ye Y. Case report: A reciprocal translocation-free and pathogenic DUOX2 mutation-free embryo selected by complicated preimplantation genetic testing resulted in a healthy live birth. Front Genet 2023; 14:1066199. [PMID: 36873947 PMCID: PMC9982009 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1066199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is an effective approach to improve clinical outcomes and prevent transmission of genetic imbalances by selecting embryos free of disease-causing genes and chromosome abnormalities. In this study, PGT was performed for a challenging case in which a couple simultaneously carried a maternal subchromosomal reciprocal translocation (RecT) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization involving the chromosome X (ChrX) and heterozygous mutations in dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). Carriers of RecT are at increased risk for infertility, recurrent miscarriages, or having affected children due to the unbalanced gametes produced. DUOX2 mutation results in congenital hypothyroidism. Pedigree haplotypes for DUOX2 was constructed after the mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. Since male carriers of X-autosome translocations may exhibit infertility or other abnormalities, pedigree haplotype for chromosomal translocation was also constructed to identify embryo with RecT. Three blastocysts were obtained by in vitro fertilization and underwent trophectoderm biopsy, whole genomic amplification, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). A blastocyst lacking copy number variants and RecT but carrying the paternal gene mutation in DUOX2, c.2654G>T (p.R885L) was used for embryo transfer, resulting in a healthy female infant whose genetic properties were confirmed by amniocentesis. Cases containing RecT and single gene disorder are rare. And the situation is more complicated when the subchromosomal RecT involving ChrX cannot be identified with routine karyotype analysis. This case report contributes significantly to the literature and the results have shown that the NGS-based PGT strategy may be broadly useful for complex pedigrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Shi
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Ye
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Molina MF, Papendieck P, Sobrero G, Balbi VA, Belforte FS, Martínez EB, Adrover E, Olcese MC, Chiesa A, Miras MB, González VG, Pio MG, González-Sarmiento R, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Mutational screening of the TPO and DUOX2 genes in Argentinian children with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Endocrine 2022; 77:86-101. [PMID: 35507000 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. We present a genetic and bioinformatics investigation of rational clinical design in 17 Argentine patients suspected of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). METHODS Next-Generation Sequencing approach was used to identify variants in Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2) genes. A custom panel targeting 7 genes associated with TDH [(TPO), Iodothyrosine Deiodinase I (IYD), Solute Carrier Family 26 Member 4 (SLC26A4), Thyroglobulin (TG), DUOX2, Dual Oxidase Maturation Factor 2 (DUOXA2), Solute Carrier Family 5 Member 5 (SLC5A5)] and 4 associated with thyroid dysembryogenesis [PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-1, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR)] has been designed. Additionally, bioinformatic analysis and structural modeling were carried out to predict the disease-causing potential variants. RESULTS Four novel variants have been identified, two in TPO: c.2749-2 A > C and c.2752_2753delAG, [p.Ser918Cysfs*62] and two variants in DUOX2 gene: c.425 C > G [p.Pro142Arg] and c.2695delC [p.Gln899Serfs*21]. Eighteen identified TPO, DUOX2 and IYD variants were previously described. We identified potentially pahogenic biallelic variants in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 2 patients, respectively. We also detected a potentially pathogenic monoallelic variant in TPO and DUOX2 in 7 and 1 patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS 22 variants have been identified associated with TDH. All described novel mutations occur in domains important for protein structure and function, predicting the TDH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Balbi
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Fiorella S Belforte
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Olcese
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta B Miras
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica G González
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Tang H, Liang T, Zhou Y, Ju H, Song D, Fang H. Telocytes reduce oxidative stress by downregulating DUOX2 expression in inflamed lungs of mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:574-82. [PMID: 35607956 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells, have been found to participate in tissue protection and repair. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of TCs in inflamed lungs of mice. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) mice were used as models of inflamed lungs of mice. Gene sequencing was used to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs in TCs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. AntagomiR-146a-5p-pretreated TCs were first injected into mice, and antioxidant activity of TCs was estimated. TCs, RAW264.7 cells, and MLE-12 cells were collected for the detection of expressions of NOX1-4, DUOX1-2, SOD1-3, GPX1-2, CAT, Nrf2, miR-146a-5p, and miR-21a-3p after LPS stimulation. Silencing miRNAs were delivered to examine the involved signaling pathways. Oxidative stress was examined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. We found that microRNA-146a-5p and microRNA-21a-3p were upregulated in TCs after LPS stimulation. ARDS mice that were preinfused with TCs had lower lung tissue injury scores, lung wet-dry ratios, white blood cell counts in alveolar lavage fluid and lower MDA concentrations in lung tissue. However, in antagomiR-146a-5p-pretreated ARDS mice, the infusion of TCs caused no corresponding changes. After LPS stimulation, DUOX2 and MDA concentrations were downregulated in TCs, while DUOX2 was restored by antagomiR-146a-5p in TCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CREB1 was downregulated by miR-146a-5p, while DUOX2 was downregulated by CREB1, which was confirmed by treating TCs with a specific CREB1 inhibitor. This study demonstrates that LPS stimulation upregulates miR-146a-5p in TCs, which downregulates the CREB1/DUOX2 pathway, resulting in a decrease in oxidative stress in cultured TCs. TCs reduce LPS-induced oxidative stress by decreasing DUOX2 in inflamed lungs of mice.
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14
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Wang B, Zeng H, Zuo X, Yang X, Wang X, He D, Yuan J. TLR4-Dependent DUOX2 Activation Triggered Oxidative Stress and Promoted HMGB1 Release in Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:781616. [PMID: 35096875 PMCID: PMC8793023 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases worldwide. DED has been characterized by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), following significant corneal epithelial cell death and ocular surface inflammation. However, the key regulatory factor remains unclear. In this study, we tended to explore whether DUOX2 contributed to DED development and the underlying mechanism. Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were treated with hyperosmolarity, C57BL/6 mice were injected of subcutaneous scopolamine to imitate DED. Expression of mRNA was investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Protein changes and distribution of DUOX2, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were evaluated by western blot assays and immunofluorescence. Cell death was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RNA-seq and western blot assay indicated a significant increase of DUOX2 dependent of TLR4 activation in DED both in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence revealed significant translocation of HMGB1 within corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmolar stress. Interestingly, after ablated DUOX2 expression by siRNA, we found a remarkable decrease of ROS level and recovered MMP in HCE cells. Moreover, knockdown of DUOX2 greatly inhibited HMGB1 release, protected cell viability and abolished inflammatory activation. Taken together, our data here suggest that upregulation of DUOX2 plays a crucial role in ROS production, thereafter, induce HMGB1 release and cell death, which triggers ocular surface inflammation in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dalian He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Tong GH, Wei XX, Chen HY, Liang T, Tang HP, Wu CA, Wen GM, Yang WK, Liang L, Shen H. Identification of Five Cytotoxicity-Related Genes Involved in the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:723477. [PMID: 35046993 PMCID: PMC8762060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.723477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the deadly tumors in women, and its incidence continues to increase. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic molecules using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of breast cancer from our hospital. Methods: 30 pairs of human breast cancer tissue and matched normal tissue were collected and RNA sequenced in our hospital. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated with raw data by the R package "edgeR", and functionally annotated using R package "clusterProfiler". Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) were estimated using a website tool TIMER 2.0. Effects of key genes on therapeutic efficacy were analyzed using RNA-seq data and drug sensitivity data from two databases: the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal (CTRP). Results: There were 2,953 DEGs between cancerous and matched normal tissue, as well as 975 DEGs between primary breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer. These genes were primarily enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, and cell cycle. Notably, CD8+ T cell, M0 macrophage, M1 macrophage, regulatory T cell and follicular helper T cell were significantly elevated in cancerous tissue as compared with matched normal tissue. Eventually, we found five genes (GALNTL5, MLIP, HMCN2, LRRN4CL, and DUOX2) were markedly corelated with CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, and associated with therapeutic response. Conclusion: We found five key genes associated with tumor progression, CD8+ T cell and therapeutic efficacy. The findings would provide potential molecular targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University Of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Longhua District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui-Hui Tong
- Department of Pathology,The first Affiliated Hospital,Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Xuan Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University Of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University Of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University Of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ping Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuan-An Wu
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shenzhen Longhua District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Ming Wen
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shenzhen Longhua District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Kang Yang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Shenzhen Longhua District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University/Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Subramaniam K. Transient congenital hypothyroidism - too short to be transient. J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:238-240. [PMID: 34341225 PMCID: PMC8706545 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1308_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) occurs due to thyroid dysgenesis, thyroid ectopy, and dyshormonogenesis. A proportion of CH is transient which might be due to iodine deficiency/excess or maternal antibody-mediated. Certain forms of dyshormonogenetic defects may cause transient hypothyroidism. Here is a report of a neonate with overt clinical and biochemical hypothyroidism, who on evaluation was found to have dyshormonogenesis with a homozygous mutation in dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) gene. During infancy, she became euthyroid. Severe in utero deficiency of thyroid hormone, very short duration of hypothyroidism and first-reported mutation of the DUOX2 gene in the Indian subcontinent were interesting features in this infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Subramaniam
- Department of Endocrinology, Silverline Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India
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17
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Yang M, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Xu D, Yuan Y. A truncated protein product of the germline variant of the DUOX2 gene leads to adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:215-226. [PMID: 33628596 PMCID: PMC7877186 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In some patients with adenomatous polyposis, an identifiable pathogenic variant of known associated genes cannot be found. Researchers have studied this for decades; however, few new genes have been identified. Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) negative polyposis patients were identified through next-generation sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Then, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to determine candidate genes harboring pathogenic variants. Functional experiments were performed to explore their effects. Subsequently, using Sanger sequencing, we found other polyposis patients carrying variants of the DUOX2 gene, encoding dual oxidase 2, and analyzed them. Results: From 88 patients with suspected familial adenomatous polyposis, 25 unrelated APC negative polyposis patients were identified. Based on the WES results of 3 patients and 2 healthy relatives from a family, the germline nonsense variant (c.1588A>T; p.K530X) of the DUOX2 gene was speculated to play a decisive role in the pedigree in relation to adenomatous polyposis. During functional experiments, we observed that the truncated protein, hDuox2 K530, was overexpressed in the adenoma in a carrier of the DUOX2 nonsense variant, causing abnormal cell proliferation through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. In addition, we found two unrelated APC negative patients carrying DUOX2 missense variants (c.3329G>A, p.R1110Q; c.4027C>T, p.L1343F). Given the results of the in silico analysis, these two missense variants might exert a negative influence on the function of hDuox2. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the possible association of DUOX2 germline variants with adenomatous polyposis. With an autosomal dominant inheritance, it causes ER retention, inducing an unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Huang M, Lu X, Dong G, Li J, Chen C, Yu Q, Li M, Su Y. Analysis of Mutation Spectra of 28 Pathogenic Genes Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:695426. [PMID: 34276565 PMCID: PMC8284857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disease; its early detection ensures successful treatment and prevents complications. However, its molecular etiology remains unclear. METHODS We used second-generation sequencing to detect 28 pathogenic genes in 15 Chinese Han patients with CH in Shenzhen, China, and analyzed the genetic pattern of the pathogenic genes through their pedigrees. The pathogenicity assessment of gene mutations was performed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification guidelines, inheritance models, and published evidence. RESULTS Mutations in several target genes were identified in 14 of 15 patients (93.33%); these mutations were distributed in eight genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG, TSHR, FOXE1, KDM6A, and POU1F1). DUOX2 exhibited the highest mutation frequency (44%, 11/25), followed by TPO (16%, 4/25) and TG (16%, 4/25). DUOX2 exhibited the highest biallelic mutation (7/15). Eight out of 25 variants verified by the ACMG guidelines were classified as pathogenic (P, category 1) or possibly pathogenic (LP, Type 2), namely six variants of DUOX2, and one variant of TPO and DUOXA2. Five new mutations were detected: one in DUOX2, which was located in the splicing region of mRNA (c.1575-1G>A), three new missense mutants, p.A291T, p.R169W, and p. S1237dup, and one new TPO missense variant c.2012G>T (p.W671L). The main criteria for determining the genotype-phenotype relationship were a diagnostic detection rate of 53.33% (8/15) and combination of three or more gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS CH gene mutations in the population may be mainly manifested in genes influencing thyroid hormone synthesis, such as DUOX2 compound heterozygous mutations, which exhibited a high detection rate. The clinical manifestations are diverse, and mainly include transient CH. Therefore, genetic screening is recommended for CH patients to determine the correlation between clinical phenotypes and gene mutations, which will assist in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Dong,
| | - Jianxu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyue Su
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Xiao X, Huang M, Fan C, Zuo F. DUOX2 participates in skin aging induced by UVB in HSF2 cells by activating NF-κB signaling. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:157. [PMID: 33456524 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and in particular photoaging or premature aging, are caused by a variety of factors, including hormone imbalance and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and related NF-κB signals in skin photoaging. Cell models of photoaging were constructed by irradiating human skin fibroblast lines (HSF2) with ultraviolet B (UVB) of different doses (0, 15, 30 and 60 mj/cm2). The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) was used to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A biochemical method was to determine the content of hydrogen peroxide, and the quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA in the cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of DUOX2, p65 and p-p65. The results showed that,UVB irradiation dose- and time-dependently inhibited the proliferation of HSF2 cells. Cellular inflammatory response, ROS production and hydrogen peroxide increase was promoted. Col-Ⅰ and α-SMA were downregulated, MMP2 and MMP9 were upregulated, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 was promoted. The above indicators were all reversed by interference with DUOX2. Overexpression of DUOX2 has an effect that is similar to UVB irradiation, but the effects can be significantly weakened by NF-κB inhibitor, NAC. Upregulation of DUOX2 expression plays a crucial role in UVB-induced aging of HSF2 cells. The specific mechanism is related to the promotion of ROS production and cellular inflammatory response and activation of NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Minghuan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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Sorapipatcharoen K, Tim-Aroon T, Mahachoklertwattana P, Chantratita W, Iemwimangsa N, Sensorn I, Panthan B, Jiaranai P, Noojarern S, Khlairit P, Pongratanakul S, Suprasongsin C, Korwutthikulrangsri M, Sriphrapradang C, Poomthavorn P. DUOX2 variants are a frequent cause of congenital primary hypothyroidism in Thai patients. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:1121-1134. [PMID: 33310921 PMCID: PMC7774760 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genetic etiologies of congenital primary hypothyroidism (CH) in Thai patients. DESIGN AND METHODS CH patients were enrolled. Clinical characteristics including age, signs and symptoms of CH, pedigree, family history, screened thyroid-stimulating hormone results, thyroid function tests, thyroid imaging, clinical course and treatment of CH were collected. Clinical exome sequencing by next-generation sequencing was performed. In-house gene list which covered 62 potential candidate genes related to CH and thyroid disorders was developed for targeted sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the candidate variants. Thyroid function tests were determined in the heterozygous parents who carried the same DUOX2 or DUOXA2 variants as their offsprings. RESULTS There were 118 patients (63 males) included. Mean (SD) age at enrollment was 12.4 (7.9) years. Forty-five of 118 patients (38%) had disease-causing variants. Of 45 variants, 7 genes were involved (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG, TPO, SLC5A5, PAX8 and TSHR). DUOX2, a gene causing thyroid dyshormonogenesis, was the most common defective gene (25/45, 56%). The most common DUOX2 variant found in this study was c.1588A>T. TG and TPO variants were less common. Fourteen novel variants were found. Thyroid function tests of most parents with heterozygous state of DUOX2 and DUOXA2 variants were normal. CONCLUSIONS DUOX2 variants were most common among Thai CH patients, while TG and TPO variants were less common. The c.1588A>T in DUOX2 gene was highly frequent in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnaree Sorapipatcharoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pat Mahachoklertwattana
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nareenart Iemwimangsa
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Insee Sensorn
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhakbhoom Panthan
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poramate Jiaranai
- Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saisuda Noojarern
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Khlairit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarunyu Pongratanakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chittiwat Suprasongsin
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chutintorn Sriphrapradang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Poomthavorn:
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21
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Kollati Y, Akella RRD, Naushad SM, Borkar D, Thalla M, Nagalingam S, Lingappa L, Patel RK, Reddy GB, Dirisala VR. Newborn screening and single nucleotide variation profiling of TSHR, TPO, TG and DUOX2 candidate genes for congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7467-7475. [PMID: 32930933 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among Indian newborns prompted us to establish population-specific reference ranges of TSH and to explore the contribution of the common genetic variants in TSHR, TPO, TG and DUOX2 genes towards CH. A total of 1144 newborns (593 males and 551 females) were screened for CH. SNV profiling (n = 22) spanning three candidate genes, i.e. TSHR, TPO and TG was carried out in confirmed CH cases (n = 45). In screen negative cases (n = 700), ten TSHR variants were explored to establish association with CH. No mutation found in DUOX2. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of TSH in these newborns were 0.5 to 12.2 mU/L. In newborns with optimal birth weight, the cut-off was 10 mU/L. Lower or higher birth weight resulted in slightly higher TSH. Two TSHR variants, i.e. rs7144481 and rs17630128 were associated with agenesis, hypoplasia and goiter. The rs2268477 was associated with agenesis and hypoplasia. The rs1991517, rs2075176 and rs2241119 were associated with agenesis only. The rs7144481, rs17630128, rs1991517 and rs2268477 were associated with 2.17, 4.62, 2.91 and 2.29-fold increased risk for CH, respectively. Among the TPO variants, rs867983 and rs2175977 were associated with agenesis and goiter, respectively. Among the TG variants, rs2076740 showed association with agenesis and goiter. Two rare variants i.e. TPO g.IVS14-19 G>C and TG c.1262 C>T were observed in CH cases. No genetic variant identified in the two exons of DUOX2. To conclude, the current study established Indian population-specific normative values for TSH and demonstrates specific genotype-phenotype correlations among three candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedukondalu Kollati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Radha Rama Devi Akella
- Department of Genetics, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500009, India
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Divya Borkar
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Maunika Thalla
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Swapna Nagalingam
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500009, India
| | - Rajesh K Patel
- Department of Genetics, Genetic Group of Gujarat Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, Gujarat, 384002, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India.
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Yamaguchi R, Haraguchi M, Yamaguchi R, Sakamoto A, Narahara S, Sugiuchi H, Yamaguchi Y. TRIM28/TIF1β and Fli-1 negatively regulate peroxynitrite generation via DUOX2 to decrease the shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine in human macrophages after exposure to substance P. Cytokine 2020; 134:155180. [PMID: 32673994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine is synthesized as a membrane-bound protein, but studies have shown that serum levels of soluble fractalkine are elevated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune diseases also have increased serum levels of neuropeptide substance P (SP). The shedding activity of the ADAM family is induced by peroxynitrite, but that of SP is unclear. Treatment of human macrophages with SP upregulated levels of membrane-bound fractalkine. Interestingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA) for DUOX2 further increased membrane-bound fractalkine but decreased soluble fractalkine compared with cells treated with SP alone. SP induced nitric oxide 2/inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2/iNOS) mRNA and increased levels of nitrotyrosine, a biomarker of peroxynitrite, whereas transfection with DUOX2 siRNA blunted upregulation of nitrotyrosine. Most importantly, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) decreased protein levels of nitrotyrosine and concomitantly increased expression of membrane-bound fractalkine after exposure to SP. As for the signaling pathway of TGFβ1 (an inhibitor of iNOS mRNA expression), silencing of RNA for TAK-1 upregulated membrane-bound fractalkine, but silencing of RNA for the Smad family did not. Interfering RNA of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) upregulated protein levels of TGFβ1/LAP. Most importantly, double transfection with siRNA for Sp1 and TRIM28/TIF1βor Fli-1 led to a significant increase in TGFβ1/LAP levels and a corresponding reduction of NOS2/iNOS, which inhibited the shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine. In conclusion, TRIM28/TIF1β and Fli-1 negatively regulate TGFβ1 expression to upregulate the generation of peroxynitrite, leading to increased shedding of membrane-bound fractalkine induced by SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Misa Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Arisa Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Shinji Narahara
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sugiuchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kitaku Izumi-machi 325 Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan.
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Cao L, Li X, Xu R, Yao K, Yang W, Zhu H, Wang G, Zhang J. DUOX2, a common modulator in preventive effects of monoamine-based antidepressants on water immersion restraint stress- and indomethacin- induced gastric mucosal damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173058. [PMID: 32131022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple kinds of monoamine-based antidepressants have been shown prophylactic effects in experimentally induced gastric ulcer. The loss of redox homeostasis plays a principle role in the development of peptic mucosal damage. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are one of the most important sources of reactive oxygen species within the gastrointestinal tract. It is unclear whether there are some common NADPH oxidases modulated by monoamine-based antidepressants in different gastric mucosal damage models. We explored the effects of selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine on the reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant capacity in the gastric mucosa of water immersion restraint (WIRS) or indomethacin treated rats, and examined the role of NADPH oxidases in the protective effects. Pretreated duloxetine prevented the increase of gastric mucosal NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin dose-dependently protected gastric mucosa from damage by the two factors. Furthermore, dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) and NADPH oxidase4 (NOX4) are involved in the protective effects of duloxetine in both models. We then examined NADPH oxidases expression modulated by the other monoamine-based antidepressants including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) fluoxetine, tricyclic agent (TCAs) amitriptyline and monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOs) moclobemide in the two models, and all the three antidepressants reduced the DUOX2 expression in the gastric mucosa. So DUOX2 was a common modulator in the preventive effects of all the monoamine-based antidepressants on WIRS- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion. Our work provided a peripheral joint molecular target for monoamine modulatory antidepressants, which may be helpful to reveal the mechanisms of this kind of drugs more than monoamine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xulin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kaiyun Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Wang F, Zang Y, Li M, Liu W, Wang Y, Yu X, Li H, Wang F, Liu S. DUOX2 and DUOXA2 Variants Confer Susceptibility to Thyroid Dysgenesis and Gland- in-situ With Congenital Hypothyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:237. [PMID: 32425884 PMCID: PMC7212429 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD), which is caused by gland developmental abnormalities, is the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In addition, advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated the identification of mild CH patients with a gland-in-situ (GIS) with normal thyroid morphology. Therefore, TD and GIS account for the vast majority of CH cases. Methods: Sixteen known genes to be related to CH were sequenced and screened for variations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a cohort of 377 CH cases, including 288 TD cases and 89 GIS cases. Results: In our CH cohort, we found that DUOX2 (21.22%) was the most commonly variant pathogenic gene, while DUOXA2 was prominent in TD (18.75%) and DUOX2 was prominent in GIS (34.83%). Both biallelic and triple variants of DUOX2 were found to be most common in children with TD and children with GIS. The most frequent combination was DUOX2 with DUOXA1 among the 61 patients who carried digenic variants. We also found for the first time that biallelic TG, DUOXA2, and DUOXA1 variants participate in the pathogenesis of TD. In addition, the variant p.Y246X in DUOXA2 was the most common variant hotspot, with 58 novel variants identified in our study. Conclusion: We meticulously described the types and characteristics of variants from sixteen known gene in children with TD and GIS in the Chinese population, suggesting that DUOXA2 and DUOX2 variants may confer susceptibility to TD and GIS via polygenic inheritance and multiple factors, which further expands the genotype-phenotype spectrum of CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Wang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yucui Zang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Wang
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Shiguo Liu
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Cirello V, Colombo C, Karapanou O, Pogliaghi G, Persani L, Fugazzola L. Clinical and Genetic Features of a Large Monocentric Series of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:589340. [PMID: 33488516 PMCID: PMC7817808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.589340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several low penetration susceptibility risk loci or genes have been proposed in recent years with a possible causative role for familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC), though the results are still not conclusive or reliable. Among all the candidates, here fully reviewed, a new extremely rare germline variant c.3607A>G (p.Y1203H) of the DUOX2 gene, has been recently reported to co-segregate with the affected members of one non-syndromic FNMTC family. We aimed to validate this finding in our series of 33 unrelated FNMTC Italian families, previously found to be negative for two susceptibility germline variants in the HABP2 and MAP2K5 genes. Unfortunately, the DUOX2 p.Y1203H variant was not found in either the 74 affected or the 12 not affected family members of our series. We obtained interesting data by comparing the clinico-pathological data of the affected members of our kindreds with a large consecutive series of sporadic cases, followed at our site. We found that familial tumors had a statistically significant more aggressive presentation at diagnosis, though not resulting in a worst outcome. In conclusion, we report genetic and clinical data in a large series of FNMTC kindreds. Our families are negative for variants reported as likely causative, namely those lying in the HABP2, MAP2K5 and DUOX2 genes. The extensive review of the current knowledge on the genetic risk factors for non-syndromic FNMTCs underlies how the management of these tumors remains mainly clinical. Despite the more aggressive presentation of familial cases, an appropriate treatment leads to an outcome similar to that observed for sporadic cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Colombo
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carla Colombo,
| | - Olga Karapanou
- Department of Endocrinology, 401 Military Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriele Pogliaghi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Szanto I, Pusztaszeri M, Mavromati M. H 2O 2 Metabolism in Normal Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Focus on NADPH Oxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E126. [PMID: 31083324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es), termed dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). NOX/DUOX enzymes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their unique enzymatic activity in a timely and spatially regulated manner and therefore, are important regulators of diverse physiological processes. By contrast, dysfunctional NOX/DUOX-derived ROS production is associated with pathological conditions. Inappropriate DUOX2-generated H2O2 production results in thyroid hypofunction in rodent models. Recent studies also indicate that ROS improperly released by NOX4, another member of the NOX family, are involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge concerning the redox regulation of thyroid hormonogenesis and cancer development with a specific emphasis on the NOX and DUOX enzymes in these processes.
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27
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Amini P, Saffar H, Nourani MR, Motevaseli E, Najafi M, Ali Taheri R, Qazvini A. Curcumin Mitigates Radiation-induced Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis in Rats. Int J Mol Cell Med 2019; 7:212-219. [PMID: 31516880 PMCID: PMC6709933 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury is one of the most prominent factors that interfere with chest cancer radiotherapy, and poses a great threat to patients exposed to total body irradiation. Upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes is one of the main mechanisms through which the late effects of ionizing radiation on lung injury can be exerted. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are two important cytokines that have been proposed to be involved in this process. Through stimulation of dual oxidase 1 and 2 (DUOX 1 & 2), they induce chronic oxidative stress in irradiated tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin treatment on the regulation of IL-4 and IL-13, DUOX1 & 2 genes as well as the pathological changes developed by this treatment. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: radiation only; curcumin only; radiation +curcumin; and control group with neither pharmacotherapy nor radiation. Curcumin was administered for 4 and 6 consecutive days before and after irradiation, respectively. Also, the chest area was irradiated with 15 Gy using a cobalt-60 gamma rays source. All rats were sacrificed 67 days after irradiation, followed by the assessment of the levels of IL-4 and IL-13; the expression of IL- 4 receptor-a1 (IL4Ra1), IL13Ra2, DUOX1 and DUOX2, and finally the histopathological changes were evaluated. Radiation led to the increased level of IL-4, while the level of IL-13 showed no change. QPCR results showed the upregulation of IL4Ra1, DUOX1 and DUOX2 following lung irradiation. Histopathological evaluation also showed a remarkable increase in pneumonitis and fibrosis. Treatment with curcumin downregulated the expression of IL-4, IL4Ra1, DUOX1 & 2. Furthermore, it could mitigate pneumonitis and fibrosis following lung irradiation. The late effects of radiation- induced lung injury may be due to the upregulation of DUOX1 & 2 genes. Curcumin, through modulation of these genes, may contribute to the protection against ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiman Amini
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hana Saffar
- Clinical and Anatomical Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Qazvini
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Song H, Zhao H, Yang L, Li L, Zhang T, Pan J, Meng Y, Shen W, Yuan Y. Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides promotes migration of Schwann cells via NOX4/ DUOX2-dependent ROS production in rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 696:99-107. [PMID: 30572102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Achyranthes bidentata polypeptides (ABPP), an active polypeptides isolated from the aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, contributes to the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves by promoting migration of Schwann cells (SCs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanism underlying the ABPP-induced migration of primary cultured rat SCs. Transwell migration assays indicated that ABPP promoted SCs migration in a concentration-dependent manner by inducing production of NADPH-oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of ROS production by NOXs inhibitor apocynin (APO) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) partially blocked ABPP-mediated SCs migration. Furthermore, by using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and siRNA interference technique, we verified the participation of NOX subunit 4 (NOX4) and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) in ABPP-induced ROS production and consequential SCs migration. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ABPP promoted SCs migration via NOX4/DUOX2-activated ROS in SCs.
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29
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Fu C, Luo S, Zhang Y, Fan X, D'Gama AM, Zhang X, Zheng H, Su J, Li C, Luo J, Agrawal PB, Li Q, Chen S. Chromosomal microarray and whole exome sequencing identify genetic causes of congenital hypothyroidism with extra-thyroidal congenital malformations. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:103-108. [PMID: 30508507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder. Although most patients present with isolated CH, some patients present with CH and extra-thyroidal congenital malformations (ECMs), for which less is known about the underlying genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms in patients with CH and ECMs using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES). METHODS Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from 16 patients with CH and ECMs. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. CMA and WES were performed to detect copy number and single nucleotide variants. RESULTS CMA identified clinically significant copy number variants in 7 patients consistent with their phenotypes. For 6 of them, the genotype and phenotype suggested a syndromic diagnosis, and the remaining patient carried a pathogenic microdeletion and microduplication including GLIS3. WES analysis identified 9 different variants in 7 additional patients. The variants included 2 known mutations (c.1096C>T (p.Arg366Trp) in KCNQ1 and c.848C>A (p.Pro283Gln) in NKX2-5) and 7 novel variants: one nonsense mutation (c.4330C>T (p.Arg1444*) in ASXL3), one frameshift mutation (c.1253_1259delACTCTGG (p.Asp418fs) in TG), three missense variants (c.1472C>T (p.Thr491Ile) in TG, c.4604A>G (p.Asp1535Gly) in TG, and c.2139G>T (p.Glu713Asp) in DUOX2, and two splice site variants (c.944-1G>C and c.3693 + 1G>T) in DUOX2. CONCLUSIONS We report the first genetic study of CH patients with ECMs using CMA and WES. Overall, our detection rate for pathogenic and possibly pathogenic variants was 87.5% (14/16). We report 7 novel variants, expanding the mutational spectrum of TG, DUOX2, and ASXL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Fu
- Medical Science Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China; Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Alissa M D'Gama
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zheng
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qifei Li
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Azmoonfar R, Amini P, Saffar H, Rezapoor S, Motevaseli E, Cheki M, Yahyapour R, Farhood B, Nouruzi F, Khodamoradi E, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A, Najafi M. Metformin Protects Against Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis and Fibrosis and Attenuates Upregulation of Dual Oxidase Genes Expression. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:697-704. [PMID: 30607342 PMCID: PMC6311649 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Lung tissue is one of the most sensitive organs to ionizing radiation (IR). Early and late side effects of exposure to IR can limit the radiation doses delivered to tumors that are within or adjacent to this organ. Pneumonitis and fibrosis are the main side effects of radiotherapy for this organ. IL-4 and IL-13 have a key role in the development of pneumonitis and fibrosis. Metformin is a potent anti-fibrosis and redox modulatory agent that has shown radioprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to evaluate possible upregulation of these cytokines and subsequent cascades such as IL4-R1, IL-13R1, Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and DUOX2. In addition, we examined the potential protective effect of metformin in these cytokines and genes, as well as histopathological changes in rat’s lung tissues. Methods: 20 rats were divided into 4 groups: control; metformin treated; radiation + metformin; and radiation. Irradiation was performed with a 60Co source delivering 15 Gray (Gy) to the chest area. After 10 weeks, rats were sacrificed and their lung tissues were removed for histopathological, real-time PCR and ELISA assays. Results: Irradiation of lung was associated with an increase in IL-4 cytokine level, as well as the expression of IL-4 receptor-a1 (IL4ra1) and DUOX2 genes. However, there was no change in the level of IL-13 and its downstream gene including IL-13 receptor-a2 (IL13ra2). Moreover, histopathological evaluations showed significant infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages, fibrosis, as well as vascular and alveolar damages. Treatment with metformin caused suppression of upregulated genes and IL-4 cytokine level, associated with amelioration of pathological changes. Conclusion: Results of this study showed remarkable pathological damages, an increase in the levels of IL-4, IL4Ra1 and Duox2, while that of IL-13 decreased. Treatment with metformin showed ability to attenuate upregulation of IL-4–DUOX2 pathway and other pathological damages to the lung after exposure to a high dose of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Azmoonfar
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Clinical and Anatomical Pathologist at Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouruzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
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31
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Yahyapour R, Amini P, Saffar H, Rezapoor S, Motevaseli E, Cheki M, Farhood B, Nouruzi F, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A, Najafi M. Metformin Protects Against Radiation-Induced Heart Injury and Attenuates the Upregulation of Dual Oxidase Genes Following Rat's Chest Irradiation. Int J Mol Cell Med 2018; 7:193-202. [PMID: 31565651 PMCID: PMC6744616 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart toxicity is one of the serious side effects after a radiation disaster or radiotherapy for patients with chest cancers, leading to a reduction in the quality of life of the patients. Evidence has shown that infiltration of inflammatory cells plays a key role in the development of functional damages to the heart via chronic upregulation of some pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These changes are associated with continuous free radical production and increased stiffness of heart muscle. IL-4 and IL-13 are two important pro-fibrotic cytokines which contribute to the side effects of ionizing radiation exposure. Recent studies have proposed that IL-4 through upregulation of DUOX2, and IL-13 via stimulation of DUOX1 gene expression, are involved in the development of radiation late effects. In the present study, we aimed to detect changes in the expression of these pathways following irradiation of rat’s heart. Furthermore, we evaluated the possible protective effect of metformin on the development of these abnormal changes. 20 male rats were divided into 4 groups (control, radiation, metformin treated, metformin + radiation). These rats were irradiated with 15 Gy 60Co gamma rays, and sacrificed after 10 weeks for evaluation of the changes in the expression of IL4R1, IL-13R2a, DUOX1 and DUOX2. In addition, the levels of IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines, as well as infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes were detected. Results showed an upregulation of both DUOX1 and DUOX2 pathways in the presence of metformin, while the level of IL-13 did not show any significant change. This was associated with infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes. Also, treatment with metformin could significantly attenuate accumulation of inflammatory cells, and upregulate these pathways. Therefore, suppression of dual oxidase genes by metformin may be a contributory factor to its protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Yahyapour
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouruzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kang KA, Ryu YS, Piao MJ, Shilnikova K, Kang HK, Yi JM, Boulanger M, Paolillo R, Bossis G, Yoon SY, Kim SB, Hyun JW. DUOX2-mediated production of reactive oxygen species induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in 5-fluorouracil resistant human colon cancer cells. Redox Biol 2018; 17:224-235. [PMID: 29715584 PMCID: PMC6006906 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits offered by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are limited because of the acquisition of drug resistance, the main cause of treatment failure and metastasis. The ability of the cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes significantly to cancer metastatic potential and chemo-resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of 5-FU-resistance have remained elusive. Here, we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2), promote 5-FU-induced EMT. First, we showed that 5-FU–resistant SNUC5 colon cancer cells (SNUC5/FUR cells) undergo EMT by analyzing the expression of EMT markers such as N-cadherin, vimentin and E-cadherin. In addition, we found that the resistant cells expressed higher levels of Snail, Slug, Twist and Zeb1, which are all critical EMT regulators and had enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities. Furthermore, SNUC5/FUR cells had increased level of DUOX2, resulting in increased ROS level. This effect was due to the enhanced binding of the ten eleven translocation 1 (TET1) demethylase to the DUOX2 promoter in the SNUC5/FUR cells. Importantly, silencing of TET1 reversed the effects of 5-FU on the cells. Finally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated the effects of 5-FU on EMT and metastasis. Our study demonstrates the existence of a TET1/DUOX2/ROS/EMT axis that could play a role in colon cancer chemo-resistance and the aggressiveness of this cancer. 5-Fluorouracil (FU)-resistance is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ROS play a key role in EMT induction in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells. 5-FU-resistant cells overexpress the DNA demethylase TET1, which binds to the promoter of the NADPH oxidase DUOX2 and induces its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ah Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Mi Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Mathias Boulanger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rosa Paolillo
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sung Young Yoon
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, 37, Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Gunsan 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Bong Kim
- Plasma Technology Research Center of National Fusion Research Institute, 37, Dongjangsan-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Gunsan 54004, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Lin SC, Chang IW, Hsieh PL, Lin CY, Sun DP, Sheu MJ, Yang CC, Lin LC, He HL, Tian YF. High Immunoreactivity of DUOX2 Is Associated With Poor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy and Worse Prognosis in Rectal Cancers. J Cancer 2017; 8:2756-2764. [PMID: 28928864 PMCID: PMC5604207 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and also the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. For rectal cancer, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by radical proctectomy is gold standard treatment for patients with stage II/III rectal cancer. By data mining a documented database of rectal cancer transcriptome (GSE35452) from Gene Expression Omnibus, National Center of Biotechnology Information, we recognized that DUOX2 was the most significantly up-regulated transcript among those related to cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway (GO:0019221). Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the DUOX2 expression level and its clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance in patients of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: DUOX2 immunostain was performed in 172 rectal adenocarcinomas treated with preoperative CCRT followed by radical proctectomy, which were divided into high- and low-expression subgroups. Furthermore, statistical analyses were examined to correlate the relationship between DUOX2 immunoreactivity and important clinical and pathological characteristics, as well as three survival indices: disease-specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MeFS). Results: DUOX2 overexpression was linked to post-CCRT tumor advancement, pre- and post-CCRT nodal metastasis and poor response to CCRT (all P ≤ 0.021). Furthermore, DUOX2 high expression was significantly associated with inferior DSS, LRFS and MeFS in univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.0097) and also served as an independent prognosticator indicating shorter DSS and LRFS interval in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.413, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.349-8.633; HR = 4.533, 95% CI: 1.499-13.708, respectively). Conclusion: DUOX2 may play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and response to neoadjuvant CCRT in rectal cancers, and serve as a novel prognostic biomarker. Additional researches to clarify the molecular and biochemical pathways are essential for developing promising DUOX2-targeted therapies for patients with rectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Lin
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wei Chang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Medical Image, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yih Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Leisure, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Ping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Sheu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health & Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Park KJ, Park HK, Kim YJ, Lee KR, Park JH, Park JH, Park HD, Lee SY, Kim JW. DUOX2 Mutations Are Frequently Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Korean Population. Ann Lab Med 2017; 36:145-53. [PMID: 26709262 PMCID: PMC4713848 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2016.36.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most cases with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) are usually sporadic, while about 20% of the cases are caused by genetic defects. Little information is available regarding the mutation incidence and genetic heterogeneity of CH in Koreans. We aimed to determine the mutation incidence of CH in newborn screenings (NBS) and to evaluate the frequency and spectrum of mutations underlying CH. Methods A total of 112 newborns with thyroid dysfunction were enrolled from 256,624 consecutive NBS. Furthermore, 58 outpatients with primary CH were added from an endocrine clinic. All coding exons of TSHR, PAX8, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, and SCL5A5 were sequenced. Results The mutation incidence of CH was estimated to be 1 in 6,580 newborns. A total of 36 different mutations were identified in 53 cases. The overall mutation positive rate was 31%. The DUOX2 mutations were the most prevalent in both newborns and outpatients. Seven different recurrent mutations [p.G488R (n=13), p.A649E (n=3), p.R885Q (n=3), p.I1080T (n=2), and p.A1206T (n=2) in DUOX2; p.Y138X (n=9) in DUOXA2; and p.R450H (n=5) in TSHR) were identified as the mutations underlying CH. Conclusions The mutation incidence of CH was considerably higher than expected in the Korean newborn population. This study revealed seven different recurrent mutations underlying CH. We conclude that DUOX2 mutations are a frequent cause of CH in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Hee Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Resistance to thyrotropin (TSH) (RTSH; defined by elevated TSH and a normal or hypoplastic thyroid gland) can be caused by mutations in genes encoding the TSH receptor and PAX8, and it has been linked to a locus on chromosome 15. In two nonconsanguineous families with nongoitrous euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia, typical of the RTSH phenotype, exome analysis identified five rare DUOX2 gene variants (p.A649E, p.P1391A, p.R885L, p.G488R, and p.SF965-6SfsX29) found to be pathogenic. This form of nongoitrous dyshormonogenesis masquerades both clinically and biochemically as RTSH. Accordingly, mutations in DUOX2 should be added to those of SLC26A4 as causes of RTSH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Jiang H, Wu J, Ke S, Hu Y, Fei A, Zhen Y, Yu J, Zhu K. High prevalence of DUOX2 gene mutations among children with congenital hypothyroidism in central China. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:526-31. [PMID: 27498126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenial hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common congenital endocrine disease and is treatable when recognized early enough. We investigated the genetic variants in 12 children diagnosed with CH by newborn screening in Huangshi area central China. Twelve genes commonly involved in CH development were studied. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used to amplify all exons of the selected genes, and the constructed sequencing libraries were subjected to next generation high throughput DNA sequencing (NGS). Analysis of the sequencing results identified rare genetic variants in 11 of the 12 patients (91.7%), and two novel rare variants were found in DUOX2 gene and two in TPO gene. Mutations in DUOX2 gene were identified in 10 patients (83.3%), and all these patients were found to carry bi-allelic, tri-allelic mutations or compound mutations with other genes. Recurrent DUOX2 mutations include K530X, R683L, R1110Q, and L1343F. Truncating, splicing, and proven deleterious DUOX2 missense mutations were detected in 50% of the patients. Mutations in TG gene were identified in four patients, and mutations in TPO, THSR, SLC26A4 genes were identified, one in each patient, respectively. The high prevalence of DUOX2 mutations in this cohort of children with CH appears striking and surprising. The clinical implications were discussed.
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Liu S, Zhang W, Zhang L, Zou H, Lu K, Li Q, Xia H, Yan S, Ma X. Genetic and functional analysis of two missense DUOX2 mutations in congenital hypothyroidism and goiter. Oncotarget 2018; 9:4366-74. [PMID: 29435108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the dual oxidase 2 gene (DUOX2) impair hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and cause dyshormonogenesis. In addition, these mutations have been implicated in autosomal recessive congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with goiter. In this study, we identified DUOX2 mutations that were causative for CH and explored the effects of these mutations on DUOX2 function. Blood samples were collected from 10 infants born with CH and goiter to unrelated parents. We extracted genomic DNA and sequenced all exons by polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing. The effects of DUOX2 mutations were characterized by H2O2 production assays and cycloheximide (CHX) chase experiments. Sequence analysis revealed one novel DUOX2 mutation and one known DUOX2 mutation in unrelated families: c.1060C>T (p.R354W) and c.3616 G>A (p.A1206T). Both mutations impaired H2O2 production. CHX chase experiments demonstrated the DUOX2 mutants had shorter half-lives and degraded more rapidly than wild-type DUOX2. Our study identified two novel DUOX2 mutations in Chinese patients with CH and goiter, which were responsible for the deficit in the organification process.
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Hayes P, Dhillon S, O’Neill K, Thoeni C, Hui KY, Elkadri A, Guo CH, Kovacic L, Aviello G, Alvarez LA, Griffiths AM, Snapper SB, Brant SR, Doroshow JH, Silverberg MS, Peter I, McGovern DP, Cho J, Brumell JH, Uhlig HH, Bourke B, Muise AM, Knaus UG. Defects in NADPH Oxidase Genes NOX1 and DUOX2 in Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1:489-502. [PMID: 26301257 PMCID: PMC4539615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Defects in intestinal innate defense systems predispose patients to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases in the mucosal barrier maintain gut homeostasis and defend against pathogenic attack. We hypothesized that molecular genetic defects in intestinal NADPH oxidases might be present in children with IBD. METHODS After targeted exome sequencing of epithelial NADPH oxidases NOX1 and DUOX2 on 209 children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), the identified mutations were validated using Sanger Sequencing. A structural analysis of NOX1 and DUOX2 variants was performed by homology in silico modeling. The functional characterization included ROS generation in model cell lines and in in vivo transduced murine crypts, protein expression, intracellular localization, and cell-based infection studies with the enteric pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. RESULTS We identified missense mutations in NOX1 (c.988G>A, p.Pro330Ser; c.967G>A, p.Asp360Asn) and DUOX2 (c.4474G>A, p.Arg1211Cys; c.3631C>T, p.Arg1492Cys) in 5 of 209 VEOIBD patients. The NOX1 p.Asp360Asn variant was replicated in a male Ashkenazi Jewish ulcerative colitis cohort. All NOX1 and DUOX2 variants showed reduced ROS production compared with wild-type enzymes. Despite appropriate cellular localization and comparable pathogen-stimulated translocation of altered oxidases, cells harboring NOX1 or DUOX2 variants had defective host resistance to infection with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies the first inactivating missense variants in NOX1 and DUOX2 associated with VEOIBD. Defective ROS production from intestinal epithelial cells constitutes a risk factor for developing VEOIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patti Hayes
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandeep Dhillon
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim O’Neill
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken Y. Hui
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui H. Guo
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lidija Kovacic
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriella Aviello
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis A. Alvarez
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne M. Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven R. Brant
- Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James H. Doroshow
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, University of Toronto, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dermot P.B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Judy Cho
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John H. Brumell
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Billy Bourke
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleixo M. Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Aleixo Muise, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ulla G. Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang J, Shao M, Liu M, Peng P, Li L, Wu W, Wang L, Duan F, Zhang M, Song S, Jia D, Ruan Y, Gu J. PKCα promotes generation of reactive oxygen species via DUOX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:839-45. [PMID: 26056003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and elevated rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered as a hallmark of almost all types of cancer including HCC. Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), a serine/threonine kinase among conventional PKC family, is recognized as a major player in signal transduction and tumor progression. Overexpression of PKCα is commonly observed in human HCC and associated with its poor prognosis. However, how PKCα is involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis remains not fully understood. In this study, we found that among the members of conventional PKC family, PKCα, but not PKCβI or βII, promoted ROS production in HCC cells. PKCα stimulated generation of ROS by up-regulating DUOX2 at post-transcriptional level. Depletion of DUOX2 abrogated PKCα-induced activation of AKT/MAPK pathways as well as cell proliferation, migration and invasion in HCC cells. Moreover, the expression of DUOX2 and PKCα was well positively correlated in both HCC cell lines and patient samples. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PKCα plays a critical role in HCC development by inducing DUOX2 expression and ROS generation, and propose a strategy to target PKCα/DUOX2 as a potential adjuvant therapy for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peike Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fangfang Duan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shushu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongwei Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, PR China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Steven Esworthy R, Kim BW, Wang Y, Gao Q, Doroshow JH, Leto TL, Chu FF. The Gdac1 locus modifies spontaneous and Salmonella-induced colitis in mice deficient in either Gpx2 or Gpx1 gene. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1273-1283. [PMID: 24090658 PMCID: PMC3875339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the Gdac1 (Gpx-deficiency-associated colitis 1) locus, which influences the severity of spontaneous colitis in Gpx1- and Gpx2-double-knockout (Gpx1/2-DKO) mice. Congenic Gpx1/2-DKO mice in the 129S1/SvImJ (129) background but carrying the Gdac1(B6) allele have milder spontaneous colitis than 129 Gpx1/2-DKO mice carrying the Gdac1(129) allele. Here, we evaluated the effect of the Gdac1(B6) allele on 129 strain non-DKO mice that had a wild-type (WT) Gpx1 or Gpx2 allele and WT mice. We found that the congenic Gdac1(B6) Gpx2-KO, Gpx1-KO, and WT mice also had better health than the corresponding 129 mice measured by at least one of the parameters including disease signs, colon length, or weight gain. The Gdac1(B6) allele prevented loss of goblet cells and crypt epithelium exfoliation in the Gpx1/2-DKO mice, but did not affect epithelial cell apoptosis or proliferation. Because Gdac1(B6) affects gut dysbiosis in the DKO mice, we then tested its impact on bacteria-induced colitis in non-DKO mice. First, we found both Gpx1-KO and Gpx2-KO mice were susceptible to Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (S. Tm)-induced colitis under conditions where WT B6 and 129 mice were resistant. Second, the S. Tm-infected Gdac1(B6) Gpx1-KO mice had stronger inflammatory responses than 129 Gpx1-KO or 129 Gpx2-KO with both Gdac1 alleles and WT mice by having higher mRNA levels of Nod2, Nox2, Tnf, and Cox2. We conclude that the Gdac1 locus affects both spontaneous and S. Tm-induced colitis in 129 non-DKO mice, although in opposite directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Steven Esworthy
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China
| | | | - Thomas L Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Fong-Fong Chu
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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