1
|
Akella RRD. 3-M syndrome - a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:399-403. [PMID: 34674409 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cause of short stature in children. CASE PRESENTATION Two children with suspected skeletal dysplasia and short stature were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The 3-M syndrome is a primordial growth disorder manifesting severe postnatal growth restriction, skeletal anomalies and prominent fleshy heels. The 3-M syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the phenotype is similar. This is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with normal intellect. Two affected children have been identified by whole-exome sequencing. One patient harboured a compound heterozygous variant and the other was a homozygous missense variant. The genetic diagnosis helped in counselling the families and facilitated prenatal diagnosis in one (case 1) family.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kollati Y, Akella RRD, Naushad SM, Patel RK, Reddy GB, Dirisala VR. Molecular insights into the role of genetic determinants of congenital hypothyroidism. Genomics Inform 2021; 19:e29. [PMID: 34638176 PMCID: PMC8510868 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, we have demonstrated the association of certain variants of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (TG) genes with congenital hypothyroidism. Herein, we explored the mechanistic basis for this association using different in silico tools. The mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) plays key roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In TSHR variants (rs2268477, rs7144481, and rs17630128), the binding affinity of microRNAs (miRs) (hsa-miR-154-5p, hsa-miR-376a-2-5p, hsa-miR-3935, hsa-miR-4280, and hsa-miR-6858-3p) to the 3'-UTR is disrupted, affecting post-transcriptional gene regulation. TPO and TG are the two key proteins necessary for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in the presence of iodide and H2O2. Reduced stability of these proteins leads to aberrant biosynthesis of thyroid hormones. Compared to the wild-type TPO protein, the p.S398T variant was found to exhibit less stability and significant rearrangements of intra-atomic bonds affecting the stoichiometry and substrate binding (binding energies, ΔG of wild-type vs. mutant: ‒15 vs. ‒13.8 kcal/mol; and dissociation constant, Kd of wild-type vs. mutant: 7.2E-12 vs. 7.0E-11 M). The missense mutations p.G653D and p.R1999W on the TG protein showed altered ΔG (0.24 kcal/mol and 0.79 kcal/mol, respectively). In conclusion, an in silico analysis of TSHR genetic variants in the 3'-UTR showed that they alter the binding affinities of different miRs. The TPO protein structure and mutant protein complex (p.S398T) are less stable, with potentially deleterious effects. A structural and energy analysis showed that TG mutations (p.G653D and p.R1999W) reduce the stability of the TG protein and affect its structure-functional relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedukondalu Kollati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Radha Rama Devi Akella
- Department of Genetics, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500009, India.,Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Rajesh K Patel
- Department of Genetics, Genetic Group of Gujarat Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, Gujarat 384002, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kollati Y, Akella RRD, Naushad SM, Borkar D, Thalla M, Nagalingam S, Lingappa L, Patel RK, Reddy GB, Dirisala VR. Newborn screening and single nucleotide variation profiling of TSHR, TPO, TG and DUOX2 candidate genes for congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7467-7475. [PMID: 32930933 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among Indian newborns prompted us to establish population-specific reference ranges of TSH and to explore the contribution of the common genetic variants in TSHR, TPO, TG and DUOX2 genes towards CH. A total of 1144 newborns (593 males and 551 females) were screened for CH. SNV profiling (n = 22) spanning three candidate genes, i.e. TSHR, TPO and TG was carried out in confirmed CH cases (n = 45). In screen negative cases (n = 700), ten TSHR variants were explored to establish association with CH. No mutation found in DUOX2. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of TSH in these newborns were 0.5 to 12.2 mU/L. In newborns with optimal birth weight, the cut-off was 10 mU/L. Lower or higher birth weight resulted in slightly higher TSH. Two TSHR variants, i.e. rs7144481 and rs17630128 were associated with agenesis, hypoplasia and goiter. The rs2268477 was associated with agenesis and hypoplasia. The rs1991517, rs2075176 and rs2241119 were associated with agenesis only. The rs7144481, rs17630128, rs1991517 and rs2268477 were associated with 2.17, 4.62, 2.91 and 2.29-fold increased risk for CH, respectively. Among the TPO variants, rs867983 and rs2175977 were associated with agenesis and goiter, respectively. Among the TG variants, rs2076740 showed association with agenesis and goiter. Two rare variants i.e. TPO g.IVS14-19 G>C and TG c.1262 C>T were observed in CH cases. No genetic variant identified in the two exons of DUOX2. To conclude, the current study established Indian population-specific normative values for TSH and demonstrates specific genotype-phenotype correlations among three candidate genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedukondalu Kollati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India
| | - Radha Rama Devi Akella
- Department of Genetics, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500009, India
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Divya Borkar
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Maunika Thalla
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500034, India
| | - Swapna Nagalingam
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500009, India
| | - Rajesh K Patel
- Department of Genetics, Genetic Group of Gujarat Diagnostic Centre, Mehsana, Gujarat, 384002, India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522213, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kollati Y, Akella RRD, Naushad SM, Thalla M, Reddy GB, Dirisala VR. The rs1991517 polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for congenital hypothyroidism. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:285. [PMID: 32550104 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to explore the association of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) rs1991517 polymorphism (c.2337 C > G, p.D727E) with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) through a case-control study followed by a meta-analysis. The case-control study was based on 45 CH subjects and 700 healthy controls. Meta-analysis comprised of seven published studies and our current findings (1044 CH cases and 1649 healthy controls). The allele contrast model showed that the presence of G- allele increased CH risk by 45% (OR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.20-1.76) and 41% (OR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.93) in fixed effect and random effect models, respectively. The GG- genotype is associated with 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.32-3.99) increased risk for CH in the fixed-effect model. I 2 (0.58) and Cochran's Q test (Q: 16.72, p = 0.02) revealed evidence of heterogeneity in the association. No publication bias was observed by Egger's test (p = 0.70). Sensitivity analysis revealed that even after excluding any study this polymorphism is associated with risk for CH. The rs1991517 mutation alters the binding affinity to cAMP (ΔG of 727D vs.727E: - 7.27 vs. - 7.34 kcal/mol). In conclusion, rs1991517 is a genetic risk factor for CH and exerts its impact by altering cAMP-mediated signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedukondalu Kollati
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Radha Rama Devi Akella
- Department of Genetics, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500009 India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034 India
| | - Maunika Thalla
- Department of Biochemical Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034 India
| | - G Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's University, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Akella RRD, Kadali S. Amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycans in the prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses - A useful biomarker. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:63-6. [PMID: 27342998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycan estimation is a useful marker in fetuses affected with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). Although known for long, it is not widely used in the prenatal diagnosis. With the availability of more reliable analytical testing and knowledge of normal levels at specific gestations, amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycan at 16-22weeks of gestation can be a useful biomarker in the prenatal diagnosis of MPS. METHODS Forty-one women with normal pregnancies were tested for glycosaminoglycan levels in the amniotic fluid and 8 pregnancies with known family history of MPS were tested by sulphated glycosaminoglycan assay. RESULTS We established the amniotic fluid glycosaminoglycan levels in normal pregnancies between 16-22weeks gestation in Indian women. The mean glycosaminoglycan levels were 16.1±8.7μg/ml. Out of 8 pregnancies with a positive family history of MPS, 2 showed elevated glycosaminoglycans in the amniotic fluid (220 and 410μg/ml). The lysosomal enzyme assays, i.e., iduronate-2-sulphate sulphatase and β-glucuronidase in these 2 confirmed the diagnosis of MPS II and MPS VII, respectively. In the remaining 6 pregnancies, both glycosaminoglycan levels and enzyme assays were normal. CONCLUSIONS Glycosaminoglycans are excreted into amniotic fluid by the fetal kidneys and could be used as a marker in the prenatal diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidoses. This is a useful, fast and cost-effective diagnostic tool in the prenatal diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Akella RRD, Aoyama Y, Mori C, Lingappa L, Cariappa R, Fukao T. Metabolic encephalopathy in beta-ketothiolase deficiency: the first report from India. Brain Dev 2014; 36:537-40. [PMID: 23958592 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency, or mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism. A patient from South India presented with acute ketoacidosis at 11 months of age. During the acute crisis the C5OH (2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl) carnitine and C5:1 (tiglyl) carnitine were elevated and large amounts of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, tiglylglycine, and 2-methylacetoacetate were excreted. Brain CT showed bilateral basal ganglia lesions. Potassium ion-activated acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity was deficient in the patient's fibroblasts. The patient is a homozygote for a novel c.578T>G (M193R) mutation. This is the first report of T2 deficiency confirmed by enzyme and molecular analysis from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Rama Devi Akella
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Rainbow Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yuka Aoyama
- Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Rainbow Hospital for Women and Children, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Medical Information Sciences Division, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naushad SM, Jain JMN, Prasad CK, Naik U, Akella RRD. Autistic children exhibit distinct plasma amino acid profile. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2013; 50:474-478. [PMID: 24772971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain whether autistic children display characteristic metabolic signatures that are of diagnostic value, plasma amino acid analyses were carried out on a cohort of 138 autistic children and 138 normal controls using reverse-phase HPLC. Pre-column derivatization of amino acids with phenyl isothiocyanate forms phenyl thio-carbamate derivates that have a lamba(max) of 254 nm, enabling their detection using photodiode array. Autistic children showed elevated levels of glutamic acid (120 +/- 89 vs. 83 +/- 35 micromol/L) and asparagine (85 +/- 37 vs. 47 +/- 19 micromol/L); lower levels of phenylalanine (45 +/- 20 vs. 59 +/- 18 micromol/L), tryptophan (24 +/- 11 vs. 41 +/- 16 micromol/L), methionine (22 +/- 9 vs. 28 +/- 9 micromol/L) and histidine (45 +/- 21 vs. 58 +/- 15 micromol/L). A low molar ratio of (tryptophan/large neutral amino acids) x 100 was observed in autism (5.4 vs 9.2), indicating lesser availability of tryptophan for neurotransmitter serotonin synthesis. To conclude, elevated levels of excitatory amino acids (glutamate and asparagine), decreased essential amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine) and decreased precursors of neurotransmitters (tyrosine and tryptophan) are the distinct characteristics of plasma amino acid profile of autistic children. Thus, such metabolic signatures might be useful tools for early diagnosis of autism.
Collapse
|