1
|
Zhu K, Wang H, Ye K, Chen G, Zhang Z. Netrin-1 signaling pathway mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:960-972. [PMID: 38989931 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 and its receptors play crucial roles in inducing axonal growth and neuronal migration during neuronal development. Their profound impacts then extend into adulthood to encompass the maintenance of neuronal survival and synaptic function. Increasing amounts of evidence highlight several key points: (1) Diminished Netrin-1 levels exacerbate pathological progression in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and potentially, similar alterations occur in humans. (2) Genetic mutations of Netrin-1 receptors increase an individuals' susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. (3) Therapeutic approaches targeting Netrin-1 and its receptors offer the benefits of enhancing memory and motor function. (4) Netrin-1 and its receptors show genetic and epigenetic alterations in a variety of cancers. These findings provide compelling evidence that Netrin-1 and its receptors are crucial targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Through a comprehensive review of Netrin-1 signaling pathways, our objective is to uncover potential therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hualong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Heibei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guiqin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Célestine M, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Borel E, Petit F, Lante F, Bousset L, Hérard AS, Buisson A, Dhenain M. Transmissible long-term neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects of 1-42 beta-amyloid with A2T icelandic mutation in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02611-8. [PMID: 38871852 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The amyloid cascade hypothesis assumes that the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is driven by a self-perpetuating cycle, in which β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation leads to Tau pathology and neuronal damages. A particular mutation (A673T) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified among Icelandic population. It provides a protective effect against Alzheimer- and age-related cognitive decline. This APP mutation leads to the reduced production of Aβ with A2T (position in peptide sequence) change (Aβice). In addition, Aβice has the capacity to form protective heterodimers in association with wild-type Aβ. Despite the emerging interest in Aβice during the last decade, the impact of Aβice on events associated with the amyloid cascade has never been reported. First, the effects of Aβice were evaluated in vitro by electrophysiology on hippocampal slices and by studying synapse morphology in cortical neurons. We showed that Aβice protects against endogenous Aβ-mediated synaptotoxicity. Second, as several studies have outlined that a single intracerebral administration of Aβ can worsen Aβ deposition and cognitive functions several months after the inoculation, we evaluated in vivo the long-term effects of a single inoculation of Aβice or Aβ-wild-type (Aβwt) in the hippocampus of transgenic mice (APPswe/PS1dE9) over-expressing Aβ1-42 peptide. Interestingly, we found that the single intra-hippocampal inoculation of Aβice to mice rescued synaptic density and spatial memory losses four months post-inoculation, compared with Aβwt inoculation. Although Aβ load was not modulated by Aβice infusion, the amount of Tau-positive neuritic plaques was significantly reduced. Finally, a lower phagocytosis by microglia of post-synaptic compounds was detected in Aβice-inoculated animals, which can partly explain the increased density of synapses in the Aβice animals. Thus, a single event as Aβice inoculation can improve the fate of AD-associated pathology and phenotype in mice several months after the event. These results open unexpected fields to develop innovative therapeutic strategies against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Célestine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Borel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Lante
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, F-92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Pedrero-Prieto CM, Sanchez-Rodriguez L, Flores-Cuadrado A, Saiz-Sanchez D, Frontinan-Rubio J, Ubeda-Banon I, Duran Prado M, Martinez-Marcos A, Peinado JR. Differential accumulation of human β-amyloid and tau from enriched extracts in neuronal and endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167204. [PMID: 38679217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
While Aβ and Tau cellular distribution has been largely studied, the comparative internalization and subcellular accumulation of Tau and Aβ isolated from human brain extracts in endothelial and neuronal cells has not yet been unveiled. We have previously demonstrated that controlled enrichment of Aβ from human brain extracts constitutes a valuable tool to monitor cellular internalization in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we establish an alternative method to strongly enrich Aβ and Tau aggregates from human AD brains, which has allowed us to study and compare the cellular internalization, distribution and toxicity of both proteins within brain barrier endothelial (bEnd.3) and neuronal (Neuro2A) cells. Our findings demonstrate the suitability of human enriched brain extracts to monitor the intracellular distribution of human Aβ and Tau, which, once internalized, show dissimilar sorting to different organelles within the cell and differential toxicity, exhibiting higher toxic effects on neuronal cells than on endothelial cells. While tau is strongly concentrated preferentially in mitochondria, Aβ is distributed predominantly within the endolysosomal system in endothelial cells, whereas the endoplasmic reticulum was its preferential location in neurons. Altogether, our findings display a picture of the interactions that human Aβ and Tau might establish in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C M Pedrero-Prieto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Flores-Cuadrado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Saiz-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Frontinan-Rubio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - I Ubeda-Banon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Duran Prado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Marcos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ciudad Real Medical School, Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh CSB, Johns KM, Kari S, Munro L, Mathews A, Fenninger F, Pfeifer CG, Jefferies WA. Conclusive demonstration of iatrogenic Alzheimer's disease transmission in a model of stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:456-468. [PMID: 38552634 PMCID: PMC11096610 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of iatrogenic disease is often underestimated as a concern in contemporary medical procedures, encompassing tissue and organ transplantation, stem cell therapies, blood transfusions, and the administration of blood-derived products. In this context, despite the prevailing belief that Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests primarily in familial and sporadic forms, our investigation reveals an unexpected transplantable variant of AD in a preclinical context, potentially indicating iatrogenic transmission in AD patients. Through adoptive transplantation of donor bone marrow stem cells carrying a mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene into either APP-deficient knockout or normal recipient animals, we observed rapid development of AD pathological hallmarks. These pathological features were significantly accelerated and emerged within 6-9 months post transplantation and included compromised blood-brain barrier integrity, heightened cerebral vascular neoangiogenesis, elevated brain-associated β-amyloid levels, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, our findings underscore the contribution of β-amyloid burden originating outside of the central nervous system to AD pathogenesis within the brain. We conclude that stem cell transplantation from donors harboring a pathogenic mutant allele can effectively transfer central nervous system diseases to healthy recipients, mirroring the pathogenesis observed in the donor. Consequently, our observations advocate for genomic sequencing of donor specimens prior to tissue, organ, or stem cell transplantation therapies, as well as blood transfusions and blood-derived product administration, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaahat S B Singh
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kelly Marie Johns
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suresh Kari
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Angela Mathews
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Franz Fenninger
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheryl G Pfeifer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korde DS, Humpel C. A Combination of Heavy Metals and Intracellular Pathway Modulators Induces Alzheimer Disease-like Pathologies in Organotypic Brain Slices. Biomolecules 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38397402 PMCID: PMC10887098 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Modelling aspects of AD is challenging due to its complex multifactorial etiology and pathology. The present study aims to establish a cost-effective and rapid method to model the two primary pathologies in organotypic brain slices. Coronal hippocampal brain slices (150 µm) were generated from postnatal (day 8-10) C57BL6 wild-type mice and cultured for 9 weeks. Collagen hydrogels containing either an empty load or a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau were applied to the slices. The media was further supplemented with various intracellular pathway modulators or heavy metals to augment the appearance of Aβ plaques and tau NFTs, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for Aβ and tau was significantly increased in the ventral areas in slices with a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau compared to slices with empty hydrogels. Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like pathologies could be induced independently in slices. Heavy metals (aluminum, lead, cadmium) potently augmented Aβ plaque-like pathology, which developed intracellularly prior to cell death. Intracellular pathway modulators (scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485) significantly boosted tau NFT-like pathologies. A combination of nanomolar concentrations of scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485, lead, and cadmium in the media strongly increased Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like immunoreactivity in ventral areas compared to the slices with non-supplemented media. The results highlight that we could harness the potential of the collagen hydrogel-based spreading of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau, along with pharmacological manipulation, to produce pathologies relevant to AD. The results offer a novel ex vivo organotypic slice model to investigate AD pathologies with potential applications for screening drugs or therapies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farrell KM, Fields CR, Dicke SS, Zanni MT. Simultaneously Measured Kinetics of Two Amyloid Polymorphs Using Cross Peak Specific 2D IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11750-11757. [PMID: 38117179 PMCID: PMC11163371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The origin of in vitro amyloid fibril polymorphs is debated, in part, because few techniques can simultaneously monitor the formation kinetics of multiple amyloid polymorphs. Using a cross-peak specific polarization scheme, ⟨0°,0°,60°,-60°⟩, we resolve 22 previously unseen cross peaks in the 2D IR spectra of amyloid fibrils formed by the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP). Those cross peaks include a subset assigned to a second fibril polymorph, which forms on a slower time scale. We simulated the data with three different kinetic models for polymorph formation. Only a model based on secondary nucleation reproduces the cross peak kinetics. These experiments are evidence that fibrils formed by secondary nucleation have a different polymorphic structure than the parent fibrils and illustrate the enhanced structural resolution of this new cross peak specific polarization scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Caitlyn R Fields
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sidney S Dicke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Célestine M, Jacquier-Sarlin M, Borel E, Petit F, Perot JB, Hérard AS, Bousset L, Buisson A, Dhenain M. Long term worsening of amyloid pathology, cerebral function, and cognition after a single inoculation of beta-amyloid seeds with Osaka mutation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:66. [PMID: 37087498 PMCID: PMC10122826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intracerebral deposition of abnormal proteinaceous assemblies made of amyloid-β (Aß) peptides or tau proteins. These peptides and proteins induce synaptic dysfunctions that are strongly correlated with cognitive decline. Intracerebral infusion of well-defined Aβ seeds from non-mutated Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42 peptides can increase Aβ depositions several months after the infusion. Familial forms of AD are associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) that induce the production of Aβ peptides with different structures. The Aβ Osaka (Aβosa mutation (E693Δ)) is located within the Aβ sequence and thus the Aβosa peptides have different structures and properties as compared to non-mutated Aβ1-42 peptides (Aβwt). Here, we wondered if a single exposure to this mutated Aβ can worsen AD pathology as well as downstream events including cognition, cerebral connectivity and synaptic health several months after the inoculation. To answer this question we inoculated Aβ1-42-bearing Osaka mutation (Aβosa) in the dentate gyrus of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at the age of two months. Their cognition and cerebral connectivity were analyzed at 4 months post-inoculation by behavioral evaluation and functional MRI. Aβ pathology as well as synaptic density were evaluated by histology. The impact of Aβosa peptides on synaptic health was also measured on primary cortical neurons. Remarkably, the intracerebral administration of Aβosa induced cognitive and synaptic impairments as well as a reduction of functional connectivity between different brain regions, 4 months post-inoculation. It increased Aβ plaque depositions and increased Aβ oligomers. This is the first study showing that a single, sporadic event as Aβosa inoculation can worsen the fate of the pathology and clinical outcome several months after the event. It suggests that a single inoculation of Aβ regulates a large cascade of events for a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Célestine
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Muriel Jacquier-Sarlin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eve Borel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Petit
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Perot
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hérard
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, GIN, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Dhenain
- Laboratoire Des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France.
- Commissariat À L'Energie Atomique Et Aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de La Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cuanalo-Contreras K, Schulz J, Mukherjee A, Park KW, Armijo E, Soto C. Extensive accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates during natural aging and senescence. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1090109. [PMID: 36778589 PMCID: PMC9909609 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1090109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates is a hallmark event in many age-related protein misfolding disorders, including some of the most prevalent and insidious neurodegenerative diseases. Misfolded protein aggregates produce progressive cell damage, organ dysfunction, and clinical changes, which are common also in natural aging. Thus, we hypothesized that aging is associated to the widespread and progressive misfolding and aggregation of many proteins in various tissues. In this study, we analyzed whether proteins misfold, aggregate, and accumulate during normal aging in three different biological systems, namely senescent cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mouse tissues collected at different times from youth to old age. Our results show a significant accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates in aged samples as compared to young materials. Indeed, aged samples have between 1.3 and 2.5-fold (depending on the biological system) higher amount of insoluble proteins than young samples. These insoluble proteins exhibit the typical characteristics of disease-associated aggregates, including insolubility in detergents, protease resistance, and staining with amyloid-binding dye as well as accumulation in aggresomes. We identified the main proteins accumulating in the aging brain using proteomic studies. These results show that the aged brain contain large amounts of misfolded and likely non-functional species of many proteins, whose soluble versions participate in cellular pathways that play fundamental roles in preserving basic functions, such as protein quality control, synapsis, and metabolism. Our findings reveal a putative role for protein misfolding and aggregation in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Schulz
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhisek Mukherjee
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kyung-Won Park
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Enrique Armijo
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Soto
- Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Claudio Soto,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Condello C, Merz GE, Aoyagi A, DeGrado WF, Prusiner SB. Aβ and Tau Prions Causing Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:293-337. [PMID: 36399277 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have both Aβ and tau prions, and thus, AD is a double-prion disease. AD patients with the greatest longevity exhibited low levels of both Aβ and tau prions; tau prions were nearly absent in the brains of almost half of the patients who lived beyond 80 years of age. Using cellular bioassays for prions in postmortem samples, we found that both Aβ and tau proteins misfold into prions leading to AD, which is either a sporadic or familial dementing disorder. Although AD is transmissible experimentally, there is no evidence that AD is either communicable or contagious. Since the progression of AD correlates poorly with insoluble Aβ in the central nervous system (CNS), it was difficult to distinguish between inert amyloids and Aβ prions. To measure the progression of AD, we devised rapid bioassays to measure the abundance of isoform-specific Aβ prions in the brains of transgenic (Tg) mice and in postmortem human CNS samples from AD victims and people who died of other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). We found significant correlations between the longevity of individuals with AD, sex, and genetic background, despite the fact that all postmortem brain tissue had essentially the same confirmed neuropathology.Although brains from all AD patients had measurable levels of Aβ prions at death, the oldest individuals had lower Aβ prion levels than the younger ones. Additionally, the long-lived individuals had low tau prion levels that correlated with the extent of phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Unexpectedly, a longevity-dependent decrease in tau prions was found in spite of increasing amounts of total insoluble tau. When corrected for the abundance of insoluble tau, the tau prion levels decreased exponentially with respect to the age at death with a half-time of approximately one decade, and this correlated with the abundance of phosphorylated tau.Even though our findings with tau prions were not unexpected, they were counterintuitive; thus, tau phosphorylation and tau prion activity decreased exponentially with longevity in patients with AD ranging from ages 37 to 99 years. Our findings demonstrated an inverse correlation between longevity in AD patients and the abundance of neurotoxic tau prions. Moreover, our discovery may have profound implications for the selection of phenotypically distinct patient populations and the development of diagnostics and effective therapeutics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Condello
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Gregory E Merz
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Aoyagi
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - William F DeGrado
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanley B Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jia J, Li T, Yang J, Chen B, Qin W, Wei C, Song Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Jia L. Detection of plasma Aβ seeding activity by a newly developed analyzer for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:21. [PMID: 35109911 PMCID: PMC8808989 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) seeding activity measured using a newly developed instrument to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from other forms of dementia. Methods Seventy-nine AD patients, 64 non-AD dementia (NADD) patients, and 75 cognitively normal (NC) subjects were recruited in the study. To measure the levels of Aβ seeding activity in the plasma samples, we have developed an AD-seeds protein analyzer. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to quantify the ability of plasma Aβ seeding activity to distinguish between AD and NADD or NC individuals. Spearman’s correlation was used to examine the associations between plasma Aβ seeding activity and global cognitive function or conventional AD biomarkers. Results The Aβ seeding activities were 0.83 (0.58–1.16) A.U. in AD, 0.42 (0.04–0.74) A.U. in NADD and 0.42 (0.09–0.69) A.U. in NC, respectively. The Aβ seeding activity was able to identify AD patients and distinguish them from NC or NADD with high accuracy (AUC = 0.85–0.86). In addition, the plasma Aβ seeding activity showed a strong correlation with cognitive performance (mini-mental state examination, r = − 0.188; Montreal cognitive assessment, r = − 0.189; clinical dementia rating, r = 0.205) and conventional biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] Aβ42/40, r = -0.227; CSF T-tau/Aβ42, r = 0.239; CSF P-tau/Aβ42, r = 0.259). Conclusion Our results confirmed that plasma Aβ seeding activity is an antibody-free and low-cost biomarker for the diagnosis of AD. Trial registration Trial registration number NCT04850053
Collapse
|
11
|
Varshavskaya KB, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Barykin EP. Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer's Disease for Research and Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315036. [PMID: 36499362 PMCID: PMC9738609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Photocatalytic Inactivation of Viruses and Prions: Multilevel Approach with Other Disinfectants. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ag, Cu, Zn, Ti, and Au nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic properties. Efficient indoor disinfection strategies are imperative to manage the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Virucidal agents, such as ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, 222-nm UV light, and electrolyzed water inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) photocatalyst and visible light disinfect abiotic surfaces against SARS-CoV-2. The titanium dioxide (TiO2)/UV system inactivates SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and on deliberately contaminated TiO2-coated glass slide surfaces in photocatalytic chambers, wherein 405-nm UV light treatment for 20 min sterilizes the environment and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that inactivate the virus by targeting S and envelope proteins and viral RNA. Mesoscopic calcium bicarbonate solution (CAC-717) inactivates pathogens, such as prions, influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, and noroviruses, in fluids; it presumably acts similarly on human and animal skin. The molecular complexity of cementitious materials promotes the photocatalysis of microorganisms. In combination, the two methods can reduce the pathogen load in the environment. As photocatalysts and CAC-717 are potent disinfectants for prions, disinfectants against prionoids could be developed by combining photocatalysis, gas plasma methodology, and CAC-717 treatment, especially for surgical devices and instruments.
Collapse
|
13
|
Korde DS, Humpel C. Spreading of P301S Aggregated Tau Investigated in Organotypic Mouse Brain Slice Cultures. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091164. [PMID: 36139003 PMCID: PMC9496515 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology extends throughout the brain in a prion-like fashion through connected brain regions. However, the details of the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present study aims to examine the spreading of P301S aggregated tau, a mutation that is implicated in tauopathies, using organotypic slice cultures. Coronal hippocampal organotypic brain slices (170 µm) were prepared from postnatal (day 8–10) C57BL6 wild-type mice. Collagen hydrogels loaded with P301S aggregated tau were applied to slices and the spread of tau was assessed by immunohistochemistry after 8 weeks in culture. Collagen hydrogels prove to be an effective protein delivery system subject to natural degradation in 14 days and they release tau proteins up to 8 weeks. Slices with un- and hyperphosphorylated P301S aggregated tau demonstrate significant spreading to the ventral parts of the hippocampal slices compared to empty collagen hydrogels after 8 weeks. Moreover, the spread of P301S aggregated tau occurs in a time-dependent manner, which was interrupted when the neuroanatomical pathways are lesioned. We illustrate that the spreading of tau can be investigated in organotypic slice cultures using collagen hydrogels to achieve a localized application and slow release of tau proteins. P301S aggregated tau significantly spreads to the ventral areas of the slices, suggesting that the disease-relevant aggregated tau form possesses spreading potential. Thus, the results offer a novel experimental approach to investigate tau pathology.
Collapse
|
14
|
Baerends E, Soud K, Folke J, Pedersen AK, Henmar S, Konrad L, Lycas MD, Mori Y, Pakkenberg B, Woldbye DPD, Dmytriyeva O, Pankratova S. Modeling the early stages of Alzheimer's disease by administering intracerebroventricular injections of human native Aβ oligomers to rats. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:113. [PMID: 35974377 PMCID: PMC9380371 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau along with a slow decline in cognitive functions. Unlike advanced AD, the initial steps of AD pathophysiology have been poorly investigated, partially due to limited availability of animal models focused on the early, plaque-free stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early behavioral, anatomical and molecular alterations in wild-type rats following intracerebroventricular injections of human Aβ oligomers (AβOs). Bioactive human AD and nondemented control brain tissue extracts were characterized using ELISA and proteomics approaches. Following a bilateral infusion, rats underwent behavioral testing, including the elevated plus maze, social recognition test, Morris water maze and Y-maze within 6 weeks postinjection. An analysis of brain structure was performed with manganese-enhanced MRI. Collected brain tissues were analyzed using stereology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and qPCR. No sensorimotor deficits affecting motor performance on different maze tasks were observed, nor was spatial memory disturbed in AD rats. In contrast, a significant impairment of social memory became evident at 21 days postinjection. This deficit was associated with a significantly decreased volume of the lateral entorhinal cortex and a tendency toward a decrease in the total brain volume. Significant increase of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells, microglial activation and proinflammatory responses accompanied by altered expression of synaptic markers were observed in the hippocampus of AD rats with immunohistochemical and qPCR approaches at 6 weeks postinjection. Our data suggest that the social memory impairment observed in AβO-injected rats might be determined by neuroinflammatory responses and synaptopathy. An infusion of native oligomeric Aβ in the rat brain represents a feasible tool to model early plaque-free events associated with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Baerends
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katia Soud
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Folke
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology,, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Kathrine Pedersen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Henmar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Konrad
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew D Lycas
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuki Mori
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Pakkenberg
- Centre for Neuroscience and Stereology, Department of Neurology,, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanislava Pankratova
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quiroga IY, Cruikshank AE, Bond ML, Reed KSM, Evangelista BA, Tseng JH, Ragusa JV, Meeker RB, Won H, Cohen S, Cohen TJ, Phanstiel DH. Synthetic amyloid beta does not induce a robust transcriptional response in innate immune cell culture systems. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:99. [PMID: 35459147 PMCID: PMC9034485 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02459-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that impacts nearly 400 million people worldwide. The accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain has historically been associated with AD, and recent evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a central role in its origin and progression. These observations have given rise to the theory that Aβ is the primary trigger of AD, and induces proinflammatory activation of immune brain cells (i.e., microglia), which culminates in neuronal damage and cognitive decline. To test this hypothesis, many in vitro systems have been established to study Aβ-mediated activation of innate immune cells. Nevertheless, the transcriptional resemblance of these models to the microglia in the AD brain has never been comprehensively studied on a genome-wide scale. METHODS We used bulk RNA-seq to assess the transcriptional differences between in vitro cell types used to model neuroinflammation in AD, including several established, primary and iPSC-derived immune cell lines (macrophages, microglia and astrocytes) and their similarities to primary cells in the AD brain. We then analyzed the transcriptional response of these innate immune cells to synthetic Aβ or LPS and INFγ. RESULTS We found that human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived microglia (IMGL) are the in vitro cell model that best resembles primary microglia. Surprisingly, synthetic Aβ does not trigger a robust transcriptional response in any of the cellular models analyzed, despite testing a wide variety of Aβ formulations, concentrations, and treatment conditions. Finally, we found that bacterial LPS and INFγ activate microglia and induce transcriptional changes that resemble many, but not all, aspects of the transcriptomic profiles of disease associated microglia (DAM) present in the AD brain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that synthetic Aβ treatment of innate immune cell cultures does not recapitulate transcriptional profiles observed in microglia from AD brains. In contrast, treating IMGL with LPS and INFγ induces transcriptional changes similar to those observed in microglia detected in AD brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Y Quiroga
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A E Cruikshank
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M L Bond
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K S M Reed
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - B A Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J H Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J V Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R B Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Won
- Department of Genetics and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D H Phanstiel
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hamaguchi T, Ono K, Yamada M. Transmission of Cerebral β-Amyloidosis Among Individuals. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2469-2477. [PMID: 35277809 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in the brain (cerebral β-amyloidosis) is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). So far, there have been increasing number of experimental studies using AD mouse model that cerebral β-amyloidosis could be transmitted among individuals as prion-like mechanism. Furthermore, several pathological studies using autopsied patients with iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) showed that cerebral β-amyloidosis in addition to the CJD pathology could be transmitted among humans via medical procedures, such as human growth hormone derived from cadaver injection and cadaveric dura mater graft. In addition, although cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is Aβ deposition in the cerebral vessels, related cerebral hemorrhage rarely develops in young people, several patients with CAA-related cerebral hemorrhage under the age of 55 with histories of neurosurgeries with and without dura mater graft in early childhood have been reported. These patients might show that Aβ pathology is often recognized as Aβ-CAA rather than parenchymal Aβ deposition in the transmission of cerebral β-amyloidosis in humans, and we proposed an emerging concept, "acquired CAA". Considering that there have been several patients with acquired CAA with an incubation period from neurosurgery and the onset of CAA related cerebral hemorrhage of longer than 40 years, the number of cases is likely to increase in the future, and detailed epidemiological investigation is required. It is necessary to continue to elucidate the pathomechanisms of acquired CAA and urgently establish a method for preventing the transmission of cerebral β-amyloidosis among individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kudanzaka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moreno-Gonzalez I, Edwards G, Morales R, Duran-Aniotz C, Escobedo G, Marquez M, Pumarola M, Soto C. Aged Cattle Brain Displays Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology and Promotes Brain Amyloidosis in a Transgenic Animal Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:815361. [PMID: 35173603 PMCID: PMC8841674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.815361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading causes of dementia in late life. Although the cause of AD neurodegenerative changes is not fully understood, extensive evidence suggests that the misfolding, aggregation and cerebral accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau proteins are hallmark events. Recent reports have shown that protein misfolding and aggregation can be induced by administration of small quantities of preformed aggregates, following a similar principle by which prion diseases can be transmitted by infection. In the past few years, many of the typical properties that characterize prions as infectious agents were also shown in Aβ aggregates. Interestingly, prion diseases affect not only humans, but also various species of mammals, and it has been demonstrated that infectious prions present in animal tissues, particularly cattle affected by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), can infect humans. It has been reported that protein deposits resembling Aβ amyloid plaques are present in the brain of several aged non-human mammals, including monkeys, bears, dogs, and cheetahs. In this study, we investigated the presence of Aβ aggregates in the brain of aged cattle, their similarities with the protein deposits observed in AD patients, and their capability to promote AD pathological features when intracerebrally inoculated into transgenic animal models of AD. Our data show that aged cattle can develop AD-like neuropathological abnormalities, including amyloid plaques, as studied histologically. Importantly, cow-derived aggregates accelerate Aβ amyloid deposition in the brain of AD transgenic animals. Surprisingly, the rate of induction produced by administration of the cattle material was substantially higher than induction produced by injection of similar amounts of human AD material. Our findings demonstrate that cows develop seeding-competent Aβ aggregates, similarly as observed in AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
| | - George Edwards
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Escobedo
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mercedes Marquez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya (BTAC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya (BTAC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Claudio Soto
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaku H, Ludlow AV, Gutknecht MF, Rothstein TL. Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule Blocks and Dissolves Pathological Amyloid-β Species. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:750578. [PMID: 34970117 PMCID: PMC8712662 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.750578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In AD, misfolded proteins such as tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) form pathological insoluble deposits. It is hypothesized that molecules capable of dissolving such protein aggregates might reverse disease progression and improve the lives of afflicted AD patients. Here we report new functions of the highly conserved mammalian protein, Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM). We found that FAIM-deficient Neuro 2A cells accumulate Aβ oligomers/fibrils. We further found that recombinant human FAIM prevents the generation of pathologic Aβ oligomers and fibrils in a cell-free system, suggesting that FAIM functions without any additional cellular components. More importantly, recombinant human FAIM disaggregates and solubilizes established Aβ fibrils. Our results identify a previously unknown, completely novel candidate for understanding and treating irremediable, irreversible, and unrelenting neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kaku
- Center for Immunobiology, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.,Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas L Rothstein
- Center for Immunobiology, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.,Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maxwell AM, Yuan P, Rivera BM, Schaaf W, Mladinov M, Prasher VP, Robinson AC, DeGrado WF, Condello C. Emergence of distinct and heterogeneous strains of amyloid beta with advanced Alzheimer's disease pathology in Down syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:201. [PMID: 34961556 PMCID: PMC8711167 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prion-like Aβ polymorphs, or "strains", can have varying pathogenicity and may underlie the phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. In order to develop effective AD therapies, it is critical to identify the strains of Aβ that might arise prior to the onset of clinical symptoms and understand how they may change with progressing disease. Down syndrome (DS), as the most common genetic cause of AD, presents promising opportunities to compare such features between early and advanced AD. In this work, we evaluate the neuropathology and Aβ strain profile in the post-mortem brain tissues of 210 DS, AD, and control individuals. We assayed the levels of various Aβ and tau species and used conformation-sensitive fluorescent probes to detect differences in Aβ strains among individuals and populations. We found that these cohorts have some common but also some distinct strains from one another, with the most heterogeneous populations of Aβ emerging in subjects with high levels of AD pathology. The emergence of distinct strains in DS at these later stages of disease suggests that the confluence of aging, pathology, and other DS-linked factors may favor conditions that generate strains that are unique from sporadic AD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang J, Liu Y, Wu Q. Revisit the Cellular Transmission and Emerging Techniques in Understanding the Mechanisms of Proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:781722. [PMID: 34867177 PMCID: PMC8636772 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.781722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases (AD and PD) are amongst top of the prevalent neurodegenerative disease. One-third of PD patients are diagnosed with dementia, a pre-symptom of AD, but the underlying mechanism is elusive. Amyloid beta (Aβ) and α-synuclein are two of the most investigated proteins, whose pathological aggregation and spreading are crucial to the pathogenesis of AD and PD, respectively. Transcriptomic studies of the mammalian central nervous system shed light on gene expression profiles at molecular levels, regarding the complexity of neuronal morphologies and electrophysiological inputs/outputs. In the last decade, the booming of the single-cell RNA sequencing technique helped to understand gene expression patterns, alternative splicing, novel transcripts, and signal pathways in the nervous system at single-cell levels, providing insight for molecular taxonomy and mechanistic targets of the degenerative nervous system. Here, we re-visited the cell-cell transmission mechanisms of Aβ and α-synuclein in mediating disease propagation, and summarized recent single-cell transcriptome sequencing from different perspectives and discussed its understanding of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Jiang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mckean NE, Handley RR, Snell RG. A Review of the Current Mammalian Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Challenges That Need to Be Overcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13168. [PMID: 34884970 PMCID: PMC8658123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the looming health crises of the near future. Increasing lifespans and better medical treatment for other conditions mean that the prevalence of this disease is expected to triple by 2050. The impact of AD includes both the large toll on individuals and their families as well as a large financial cost to society. So far, we have no way to prevent, slow, or cure the disease. Current medications can only alleviate some of the symptoms temporarily. Many animal models of AD have been created, with the first transgenic mouse model in 1995. Mouse models have been beset by challenges, and no mouse model fully captures the symptomatology of AD without multiple genetic mutations and/or transgenes, some of which have never been implicated in human AD. Over 25 years later, many mouse models have been given an AD-like disease and then 'cured' in the lab, only for the treatments to fail in clinical trials. This review argues that small animal models are insufficient for modelling complex disorders such as AD. In order to find effective treatments for AD, we need to create large animal models with brains and lifespan that are closer to humans, and underlying genetics that already predispose them to AD-like phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Elizabeth Mckean
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Renee Robyn Handley
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Russell Grant Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (N.E.M.); (R.R.H.)
- Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Foley AR, Raskatov JA. Understanding and controlling amyloid aggregation with chirality. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 64:1-9. [PMID: 33610939 PMCID: PMC8368077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation and human disease are inextricably linked. Examples include Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and type II diabetes. While seminal advances on the mechanistic understanding of these diseases have been made over the last decades, controlling amyloid fibril formation still represents a challenge, and it is a subject of active research. In this regard, chiral modifications have increasingly been proved to offer a particularly well-suited approach toward accessing to previously unknown aggregation pathways and to provide with novel insights on the biological mechanisms of action of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. Here, we summarize recent advances on how the use of mirror-image peptides/proteins and d-amino acid incorporations have helped modulate amyloid aggregation, offered new mechanistic tools to study cellular interactions, and allowed us to identify key positions within the peptide/protein sequence that influence amyloid fibril growth and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roos TT, Garcia MG, Martinsson I, Mabrouk R, Israelsson B, Deierborg T, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Tanila H, Gouras GK. Neuronal spreading and plaque induction of intracellular Aβ and its disruption of Aβ homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:669-687. [PMID: 34272583 PMCID: PMC8423700 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is thought to have prion-like properties promoting its spread throughout the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanism(s) of this spread remains unclear. Here, we show an important role of intracellular Aβ in its prion-like spread. We demonstrate that an intracellular source of Aβ can induce amyloid plaques in vivo via hippocampal injection. We show that hippocampal injection of mouse AD brain homogenate not only induces plaques, but also damages interneurons and affects intracellular Aβ levels in synaptically connected brain areas, paralleling cellular changes seen in AD. Furthermore, in a primary neuron AD model, exposure of picomolar amounts of brain-derived Aβ leads to an apparent redistribution of Aβ from soma to processes and dystrophic neurites. We also observe that such neuritic dystrophies associate with plaque formation in AD-transgenic mice. Finally, using cellular models, we propose a mechanism for how intracellular accumulation of Aβ disturbs homeostatic control of Aβ levels and can contribute to the up to 10,000-fold increase of Aβ in the AD brain. Our data indicate an essential role for intracellular prion-like Aβ and its synaptic spread in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas T Roos
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Megg G Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rana Mabrouk
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bodil Israelsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Heikki Tanila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Berry JK, Cox D. Increased oscillatory power in a computational model of the olfactory bulb due to synaptic degeneration. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024405. [PMID: 34525666 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases impact the olfactory system, and in particular the olfactory bulb, early in disease progression. One mechanism by which damage occurs is via synaptic dysfunction. Here, we implement a computational model of the olfactory bulb and investigate the effect of weakened connection weights on network oscillatory behavior. Olfactory bulb network activity can be modeled by a system of equations that describes a set of coupled nonlinear oscillators. In this modeling framework, we propagate damage to synaptic weights using several strategies, varying from localized to global. Damage propagated in a dispersed or spreading manner leads to greater oscillatory power at moderate levels of damage. This increase arises from a higher average level of mitral cell activity due to a shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition. That this shift leads to greater oscillations depends critically on the nonlinearity of the activation function. Linearized analysis of the network dynamics predicts when this shift leads to loss of oscillatory activity. We thus demonstrate one potential mechanism involved in the increased gamma oscillations seen in some animal models of Alzheimer's disease, and we highlight the potential that pathological olfactory bulb behavior presents as an early biomarker of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kendall Berry
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Daniel Cox
- University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oxidative Stress and Beta Amyloid in Alzheimer's Disease. Which Comes First: The Chicken or the Egg? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091479. [PMID: 34573112 PMCID: PMC8468973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves β amyloid (Aβ) accumulation known to induce synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. The brain's vulnerability to oxidative stress (OS) is considered a crucial detrimental factor in Alzheimer's disease. OS and Aβ are linked to each other because Aβ induces OS, and OS increases the Aβ deposition. Thus, the answer to the question "which comes first: the chicken or the egg?" remains extremely difficult. In any case, the evidence for the primary occurrence of oxidative stress in AD is attractive. Thus, evidence indicates that a long period of gradual oxidative damage accumulation precedes and results in the appearance of clinical and pathological AD symptoms, including Aβ deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, metabolic dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Moreover, oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many risk factors for AD. Alzheimer's disease begins many years before its symptoms, and antioxidant treatment can be an important therapeutic target for attacking the disease.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bello-Corral L, Sánchez-Valdeón L, Casado-Verdejo I, Seco-Calvo JÁ, Antonio Fernández-Fernández J, Nélida Fernández-Martínez M. The Influence of Nutrition in Alzheimer's Disease: Neuroinflammation and the Microbiome vs. Transmissible Prion. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:677777. [PMID: 34489620 PMCID: PMC8417586 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.677777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Many risk factors for the development of AD have been investigated, including nutrition. Although it has been proven that nutrition plays a role in AD, the precise mechanisms through which nutrition exerts its influence remain undefined. The object of this study is to address this issue by elucidating some of the mechanisms through which nutrition interacts with AD. This work is a qualitative systematic bibliographic review of the current literature searchable on various available databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Our evidence comprises 31 articles selected after a systematic search process. Patients suffering with AD present a characteristic microbiome that promotes changes in microglia generating a proinflammatory state. Many similarities exist between AD and prion diseases, both in terms of symptoms and in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiome due to dietary habits could be one of the environmental factors affecting the development of AD; however, this is probably not the only factor. Similarly, the mechanism for self-propagation of beta-amyloid seen in AD is similar to that seen in prions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bello-Corral
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, University of León, León, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Ángel Seco-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, León, Spain.,University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Michno W, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Brinkmalm G. Refining the amyloid β peptide and oligomer fingerprint ambiguities in Alzheimer's disease: Mass spectrometric molecular characterization in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and plasma. J Neurochem 2021; 159:234-257. [PMID: 34245565 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, amyloid-β (Aβ) has been the principal target of investigation of in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the years however, no clear correlation was found between the Aβ plaque burden and location, and AD-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Instead, diagnostic potential of specific Aβ peptides and/or their ratio, was established. For instance, a selective reduction in the concentration of the aggregation-prone 42 amino acid-long Aβ peptide (Aβ42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was put forward as reflective of Aβ peptide aggregation in the brain. With time, Aβ oligomers-the proposed toxic Aβ intermediates-have emerged as potential drivers of synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the disease process. Oligomers are commonly agreed upon to come in different shapes and sizes, and are very poorly characterized when it comes to their composition and their "toxic" properties. The concept of structural polymorphism-a diversity in conformational organization of amyloid aggregates-that depends on the Aβ peptide backbone, makes the characterization of Aβ aggregates and their role in AD progression challenging. In this review, we revisit the history of Aβ discovery and initial characterization and highlight the crucial role mass spectrometry (MS) has played in this process. We critically review the common knowledge gaps in the molecular identity of the Aβ peptide, and how MS is aiding the characterization of higher order Aβ assemblies. Finally, we go on to present recent advances in MS approaches for characterization of Aβ as single peptides and oligomers, and convey our optimism, as to how MS holds a promise for paving the way for progress toward a more comprehensive understanding of Aβ in AD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Michno
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lau HHC, Ingelsson M, Watts JC. The existence of Aβ strains and their potential for driving phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:17-39. [PMID: 32743745 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reminiscent of the human prion diseases, there is considerable clinical and pathological variability in Alzheimer's disease, the most common human neurodegenerative condition. As in prion disorders, protein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease, where the initiating event is thought to be the self-assembly of Aβ peptide into aggregates that deposit in the central nervous system. Emerging evidence suggests that Aβ, similar to the prion protein, can polymerize into a conformationally diverse spectrum of aggregate strains both in vitro and within the brain. Moreover, certain types of Aβ aggregates exhibit key hallmarks of prion strains including divergent biochemical attributes and the ability to induce distinct pathological phenotypes when intracerebrally injected into mouse models. In this review, we discuss the evidence demonstrating that Aβ can assemble into distinct strains of aggregates and how such strains may be primary drivers of the phenotypic heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
29
|
Keskin I, Ekhtiari Bidhendi E, Marklund M, Andersen PM, Brännström T, Marklund SL, Nordström U. Peripheral administration of SOD1 aggregates does not transmit pathogenic aggregation to the CNS of SOD1 transgenic mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:111. [PMID: 34158126 PMCID: PMC8220797 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The deposition of aggregated proteins is a common neuropathological denominator for neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental evidence suggests that disease propagation involves prion-like mechanisms that cause the spreading of template-directed aggregation of specific disease-associated proteins. In transgenic (Tg) mouse models of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1)-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), inoculation of minute amounts of human SOD1 (hSOD1) aggregates into the spinal cord or peripheral nerves induces premature ALS-like disease and template-directed hSOD1 aggregation that spreads along the neuroaxis. This infectious nature of spreading pathogenic aggregates might have implications for the safety of laboratory and medical staff, recipients of donated blood or tissue, or possibly close relatives and caregivers. Here we investigate whether transmission of ALS-like disease is unique to the spinal cord and peripheral nerve inoculations or if hSOD1 aggregation might spread from the periphery into the central nervous system (CNS). We inoculated hSOD1 aggregate seeds into the peritoneal cavity, hindlimb skeletal muscle or spinal cord of adult Tg mice expressing mutant hSOD1. Although we used up to 8000 times higher dose—compared to the lowest dose transmitting disease in spinal cord inoculations—the peripheral inoculations did not transmit seeded aggregation to the CNS or premature ALS-like disease in hSOD1 Tg mice. Nor was any hSOD1 aggregation detected in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle or sciatic nerve. To explore potential reasons for the lack of disease transmission, we examined the stability of hSOD1 aggregates and found them to be highly vulnerable to both proteases and detergent. Our findings suggest that exposed individuals and personnel handling samples from ALS patients are at low risk of any potential transmission of seeded hSOD1 aggregation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ruiz-Riquelme A, Mao A, Barghash MM, Lau HHC, Stuart E, Kovacs GG, Nilsson KPR, Fraser PE, Schmitt-Ulms G, Watts JC. Aβ43 aggregates exhibit enhanced prion-like seeding activity in mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:83. [PMID: 33971978 PMCID: PMC8112054 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When injected into genetically modified mice, aggregates of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide from the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients or transgenic AD mouse models seed cerebral Aβ deposition in a prion-like fashion. Within the brain, Aβ exists as a pool of distinct C-terminal variants with lengths ranging from 37 to 43 amino acids, yet the relative contribution of individual C-terminal Aβ variants to the seeding behavior of Aβ aggregates remains unknown. Here, we have investigated the relative seeding activities of Aβ aggregates composed exclusively of recombinant Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, or Aβ43. Cerebral Aβ42 levels were not increased in AppNL−F knock-in mice injected with Aβ38 or Aβ40 aggregates and were only increased in a subset of mice injected with Aβ42 aggregates. In contrast, significant accumulation of Aβ42 was observed in the brains of all mice inoculated with Aβ43 aggregates, and the extent of Aβ42 induction was comparable to that in mice injected with brain-derived Aβ seeds. Mice inoculated with Aβ43 aggregates exhibited a distinct pattern of cerebral Aβ pathology compared to mice injected with brain-derived Aβ aggregates, suggesting that recombinant Aβ43 may polymerize into a unique strain. Our results indicate that aggregates containing longer Aβ C-terminal variants are more potent inducers of cerebral Aβ deposition and highlight the potential role of Aβ43 seeds as a crucial factor in the initial stages of Aβ pathology in AD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim CM, Montal V, Diez I, Orwig W, Sepulcre J. Network interdigitations of Tau and amyloid-beta deposits define cognitive levels in aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2990-3004. [PMID: 33955621 PMCID: PMC8193537 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD); their contribution to neurodegeneration and clinical manifestations are critical in understanding preclinical AD. At present, the mechanisms related to Aβ and tau pathogenesis leading to cognitive decline in older adults remain largely unknown. Here, we examined graph theory‐based positron emission tomography (PET) analytical approaches, within and between tau and Aβ PET modalities, and tested the effects on cognitive changes in cognitively normal older adults (CN). Particularly, we focused on the network interdigitations of Aβ and tau deposits, along with cognitive test scores in CN at both baseline and 2‐year follow‐up (FU). We found highly significant Aβ‐tau network integrations in AD vulnerable areas, as well as significant associations between those Aβ‐tau interdigitations and general cognitive impairment in CN at baseline and FU. Our findings suggest a distinctive contribution of interlinking network relationships between Aβ and tau deposits in heteromodal areas of the human brain. They support a network‐based interaction between Aβ and tau accumulations as a key factor for cognitive deterioration in CN prior to dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Mi Kim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor Montal
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacón Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ibai Diez
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Orwig
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Amyloid-β: A double agent in Alzheimer's disease? Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111575. [PMID: 33845371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation is one of the cardinal pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Although the neurotoxic effects of Aβ has been extensively studied, recent studies have revealed that it may also have protective effects. Here, we review novel findings that have shifted our understanding of the role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. An in-depth and comprehensive understanding of Aβ will provide us with a broader perspective on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
33
|
Michiels E, Liu S, Gallardo R, Louros N, Mathelié-Guinlet M, Dufrêne Y, Schymkowitz J, Vorberg I, Rousseau F. Entropic Bristles Tune the Seeding Efficiency of Prion-Nucleating Fragments. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2834-2845.e3. [PMID: 32101755 PMCID: PMC7043027 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions of lower eukaryotes are self-templating protein aggregates with cores formed by parallel in-register beta strands. Short aggregation-prone glutamine (Q)- and asparagine (N)-rich regions embedded in longer disordered domains have been proposed to act as nucleation sites that initiate refolding of soluble prion proteins into highly ordered fibrils, termed amyloid. We demonstrate that a short Q/N-rich peptide corresponding to a proposed nucleation site in the prototype Saccharomyces cerevisiae prion protein Sup35 is sufficient to induce infectious cytosolic prions in mouse neuroblastoma cells ectopically expressing the soluble Sup35 NM prion domain. Embedding this nucleating core in a non-native N-rich sequence that does not form amyloid but acts as an entropic bristle quadruples seeding efficiency. Our data suggest that large disordered sequences flanking an aggregation core in prion proteins act as not only solubilizers of the monomeric protein but also breakers of the formed amyloid fibrils, enhancing infectivity of the prion seeds. A short peptide derived from Sup35 (p103–113) forms rigid amyloid fibrils p103–113 fibrils can induce infectious Sup35 NM prions in mammalian cells Embedding p103–113 in an N-rich sequence increases fibril brittleness Increased fibril brittleness enhances prion-inducing capacity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiel Michiels
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shu Liu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn (DZNE e.V.), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Gallardo
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yves Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ina Vorberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Bonn (DZNE e.V.), Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Siegmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ulm BS, Borchelt DR, Moore BD. Remodeling Alzheimer-amyloidosis models by seeding. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33588898 PMCID: PMC7885558 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, with brain pathology defined by extracellular amyloid beta deposits and intracellular tau aggregates. To aid in research efforts to improve understanding of this disease, transgenic murine models have been developed that replicate aspects of AD pathology. Familial AD is associated with mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and in the presenilins (associated with amyloidosis); transgenic amyloid models feature one or more of these mutant genes. Recent advances in seeding methods provide a means to alter the morphology of resultant amyloid deposits and the age that pathology develops. In this review, we discuss the variety of factors that influence the seeding of amyloid beta pathology, including the source of seed, the time interval after seeding, the nature of the transgenic host, and the preparation of the seeding inoculum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Ulm
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Padilla-Zambrano HS, García-Ballestas E, Quiñones-Ossa GA, Sibaja-Perez AE, Agrawal A, Moscote-Salazar LR, Menéndez-González M. The Prion-like Properties of Amyloid-beta Peptide and Tau: Is there Any Risk of Transmitting Alzheimer's Disease During Neurosurgical Interventions? Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:781-789. [PMID: 33280597 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666201204164220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have recognized similarities between the peptides involved in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and prions. The Tau protein and the Amyloid β peptide represent the theoretical pillars of Alzheimer's disease development. It is probable that there is a shared mechanism for the transmission of these substances and the prion diseases development; this presumption is based on the presentation of several cases of individuals without risk factors who developed dementia decades after a neurosurgical procedure. This article aims to present the role of Aβ and Tau, which underlie the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the AD and their similarities with the prion diseases infective mechanisms by means of the presentation of the available evidence at molecular (in-vitro), animal, and human levels that support the controversy on whether these diseases might be transmitted in neurosurgical interventions, which may constitute a wide public health issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huber S Padilla-Zambrano
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ezequiel García-Ballestas
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés E Sibaja-Perez
- Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Luis R Moscote-Salazar
- Neurosurgeon-Critical Care, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Scherpelz KP, Wang S, Pytel P, Madhurapantula RS, Srivastava AK, Sachleben JR, Orgel J, Ishii Y, Meredith SC. Atomic-level differences between brain parenchymal- and cerebrovascular-seeded Aβ fibrils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:247. [PMID: 33420184 PMCID: PMC7794565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80042-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuritic plaques, the main protein components of which are β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides deposited as β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) consists of cerebrovascular deposits of Aβ peptides; it usually accompanies Alzheimer's disease, though it sometimes occurs in the absence of neuritic plaques, as AD also occurs without accompanying CAA. Although neuritic plaques and vascular deposits have similar protein compositions, one of the characteristic features of amyloids is polymorphism, i.e., the ability of a single pure peptide to adopt multiple conformations in fibrils, depending on fibrillization conditions. For this reason, we asked whether the Aβ fibrils in neuritic plaques differed structurally from those in cerebral blood vessels. To address this question, we used seeding techniques, starting with amyloid-enriched material from either brain parenchyma or cerebral blood vessels (using meninges as the source). These amyloid-enriched preparations were then added to fresh, disaggregated solutions of Aβ to make replicate fibrils, as described elsewhere. Such fibrils were then studied by solid-state NMR, fiber X-ray diffraction, and other biophysical techniques. We observed chemical shift differences between parenchymal vs. vascular-seeded replicate fibrils in select sites (in particular, Ala2, Phe4, Val12, and Gln15 side chains) in two-dimensional 13C-13C correlation solid-state NMR spectra, strongly indicating structural differences at these sites. X-ray diffraction studies also indicated that vascular-seeded fibrils displayed greater order than parenchyma-seeded fibrils in the "side-chain dimension" (~ 10 Å reflection), though the "hydrogen-bond dimensions" (~ 5 Å reflection) were alike. These results indicate that the different nucleation conditions at two sites in the brain, parenchyma and blood vessels, affect the fibril products that get formed at each site, possibly leading to distinct pathophysiological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Songlin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Peter Pytel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Rama S Madhurapantula
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atul K Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph R Sachleben
- Biomolecular NMR Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph Orgel
- Department of Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Ishii
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Stephen C Meredith
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
MicroRNAs Regulating Autophagy in Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1208:191-264. [PMID: 34260028 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-2830-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Social and economic impacts of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) become more prominent in our constantly aging population. Currently, due to the lack of knowledge about the aetiology of most NDs, only symptomatic treatment is available for patients. Hence, researchers and clinicians are in need of solid studies on pathological mechanisms of NDs. Autophagy promotes degradation of pathogenic proteins in NDs, while microRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate multiple signalling networks including autophagy. This chapter will critically discuss current research advancements in the area of microRNAs regulating autophagy in NDs. Moreover, we will introduce basic strategies and techniques used in microRNA research. Delineation of the mechanisms contributing to NDs will result in development of better approaches for their early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Mensinger ZL, Cook BL, Wilson EL. Adsorption of Amyloid Beta Peptide by Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32969-32974. [PMID: 33403258 PMCID: PMC7774084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of adsorbing a wide range of molecules. In addition to the more commonly investigated small molecules, researchers have demonstrated that MOFs adsorb much larger molecules, such as proteins and peptides. We have investigated whether MOFs are capable of adsorbing amyloid beta peptide. Amyloid beta plays a pivotal role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease because individual copies of the peptides can aggregate, forming neurotoxic oligomers and the amyloid plaques found in brains of Alzheimer's patients. After synthesizing a number of commonly studied MOFs, their adsorption capabilities were tested. We found that the MOFs tested readily adsorbed small amounts of amyloid beta (as determined by gel electrophoresis). It was determined that in most cases, adsorption occurs rapidly, with complete adsorption within minutes of incubation. Overall adsorption capacity was found to vary between different MOFs as well. Once adsorbed, amyloid beta peptide can subsequently be eluted from some MOFs by treatment with acetonitrile/water solutions, though retention strength varied between different MOFs. In some cases, MOFs that showed complete adsorption also saw high levels of peptide elution, but others showed little to no elution of the peptide. Together these data can help us begin to understand the interactions between amyloid beta and MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L. Mensinger
- Department
of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences, Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55106, United States
| | - Brenna L. Cook
- Division
of Science and Math, University of Minnesota-Morris, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| | - Elsie L. Wilson
- Division
of Science and Math, University of Minnesota-Morris, Morris, Minnesota 56267, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morales R, Duran-Aniotz C, Bravo-Alegria J, Estrada LD, Shahnawaz M, Hu PP, Kramm C, Morales-Scheihing D, Urayama A, Soto C. Infusion of blood from mice displaying cerebral amyloidosis accelerates amyloid pathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:213. [PMID: 33287898 PMCID: PMC7720397 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that injection of tissue extracts containing amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates accelerate amyloid deposition in the brain of mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through prion-like mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated whether brain amyloidosis could be accelerated by blood infusions, procedures that have been shown to transmit prion diseases in animals and humans. Young transgenic mice infused with whole blood or plasma from old animals with extensive Aβ deposition in their brains developed significantly higher levels brain amyloidosis and neuroinflammation compared to untreated animals or mice infused with wild type blood. Similarly, intra-venous injection of purified Aβ aggregates accelerated amyloid pathology, supporting the concept that Aβ seeds present in blood can reach the brain to promote neuropathological alterations in the brain of treated animals. However, an amyloid-enhancing effect of other factors present in the blood of donors cannot be discarded. Our results may help to understand the role of peripheral (amyloid-dependent or -independent) factors implicated in the development of AD and uncover new strategies for disease intervention.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hérard AS, Petit F, Gary C, Guillermier M, Boluda S, Garin CM, Lam S, Dhenain M. Induction of amyloid-β deposits from serially transmitted, histologically silent, Aβ seeds issued from human brains. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:205. [PMID: 33250056 PMCID: PMC7702698 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, iatrogenic transmission of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ)-amyloidosis is suspected following inoculation of pituitary-derived hormones or dural grafts presumably contaminated with Aβ proteins as well as after cerebral surgeries. Experimentally, intracerebral inoculation of brain homogenate extracts containing misfolded Aβ can seed Aβ deposition in transgenic mouse models of amyloidosis or in non-human primates. The transmission of cerebral Aβ is governed by the host and by the inoculated samples. It is critical to better characterize the propensities of different hosts to develop Aβ deposition after contamination by an Aβ-positive sample as well as to better assess which biological samples can transmit this lesion. Aβ precursor protein (huAPPwt) mice express humanized non-mutated forms of Aβ precursor protein and do not spontaneously develop Aβ or amyloid deposits. We found that inoculation of Aβ-positive brain extracts from Alzheimer patients in these mice leads to a sparse Aβ deposition close to the alveus 18 months post-inoculation. However, it does not induce cortical or hippocampal Aβ deposition. Secondary inoculation of apparently amyloid deposit-free hippocampal extracts from these huAPPwt mice to APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse models of amyloidosis enhanced Aβ deposition in the alveus 9 months post-inoculation. This suggests that Aβ seeds issued from human brain samples can persist in furtive forms in brain tissues while maintaining their ability to foster Aβ deposition in receptive hosts that overexpress endogenous Aβ. This work emphasizes the need for high-level preventive measures, especially in the context of neurosurgery, to prevent the risk of iatrogenic transmission of Aβ lesions from samples with sparse amyloid markers.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bistaffa E, Tagliavini F, Matteini P, Moda F. Contributions of Molecular and Optical Techniques to the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E815. [PMID: 33153223 PMCID: PMC7692713 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The distinctive neuropathological feature of AD is the intracerebral accumulation of two abnormally folded proteins: β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of extracellular plaques, and tau in the form of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These proteins are considered disease-specific biomarkers, and the definite diagnosis of AD relies on their post-mortem identification in the brain. The clinical diagnosis of AD is challenging, especially in the early stages. The disease is highly heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and neuropathological features. This phenotypic variability seems to be partially due to the presence of distinct Aβ conformers, referred to as strains. With the development of an innovative technique named Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC), traces of Aβ strains were found in the cerebrospinal fluid of AD patients. Emerging evidence suggests that different conformers may transmit their strain signature to the RT-QuIC reaction products. In this review, we describe the current challenges for the clinical diagnosis of AD and describe how the RT-QuIC products could be analyzed by a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based systems to reveal the presence of strain signatures, eventually leading to early diagnosis of AD with the recognition of individual disease phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bistaffa
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Scientific Directorate, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Matteini
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Division of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gomez-Gutierrez R, Morales R. The prion-like phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence of pathology transmission in humans. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009004. [PMID: 33119726 PMCID: PMC7595341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gomez-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matsuhisa K, Cai L, Saito A, Sakaue F, Kamikawa Y, Fujiwara S, Asada R, Kudo Y, Imaizumi K. Toxic effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress transducer BBF2H7-derived small peptide fragments on neuronal cells. Brain Res 2020; 1749:147139. [PMID: 33010207 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation, fibril formation, and deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein are believed to be the central pathogeneses of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have shown that fibril formation is promoted by preformed seeds at the beginning of the aggregation process. Therefore, aggregated molecules that promote fibrillization of Aβ protein as seeds could affect the pathology. We recently found that approximately 40 amino acid hydrophobic peptides, BBF2H7-derived small peptide (BSP) fragments, are generated via intramembranous cleavage under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. Interestingly, similar to Aβ protein, the fragments exhibit a high aggregation propensity and form fibril structures. It has been noted that ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we examined the effect of BSP fragments on aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ1-40 protein, which is generated as a major species of Aβ protein, but has a lower aggregative property than Aβ1-42 protein. We demonstrated that BSP fragments promote aggregation of Aβ1-40 protein. Aggregates of Aβ1-40 protein mediated by BSP fragments also exhibited potent neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest the possibility that BSP fragments affect accumulation of Aβ proteins and are involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Matsuhisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Longjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Fumika Sakaue
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasunao Kamikawa
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Sachiko Fujiwara
- Department of Stress Protein Processing, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rie Asada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Plotkin SS, Cashman NR. Passive immunotherapies targeting Aβ and tau in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105010. [PMID: 32682954 PMCID: PMC7365083 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins currently represent the two most promising targets to treat Alzheimer's disease. The most extensively developed method to treat the pathologic forms of these proteins is through the administration of exogenous antibodies, or passive immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular-level strategies that researchers are using to design an effective therapeutic antibody, given the challenges in treating this disease. These challenges include selectively targeting a protein that has misfolded or is pathological rather than the more abundant, healthy protein, designing strategic constructs for immunizing an animal to raise an antibody that has the appropriate conformational selectivity to achieve this end, and clearing the pathological protein species before prion-like cell-to-cell spread of misfolded protein has irreparably damaged neurons, without invoking damaging inflammatory responses in the brain that naturally arise when the innate immune system is clearing foreign agents. The various solutions to these problems in current clinical trials will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Plotkin
- University of British Columbia, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Genome Sciences and Technology Program, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Neil R Cashman
- University of British Columbia, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lauwers E, Lalli G, Brandner S, Collinge J, Compernolle V, Duyckaerts C, Edgren G, Haïk S, Hardy J, Helmy A, Ivinson AJ, Jaunmuktane Z, Jucker M, Knight R, Lemmens R, Lin IC, Love S, Mead S, Perry VH, Pickett J, Poppy G, Radford SE, Rousseau F, Routledge C, Schiavo G, Schymkowitz J, Selkoe DJ, Smith C, Thal DR, Theys T, Tiberghien P, van den Burg P, Vandekerckhove P, Walton C, Zaaijer HL, Zetterberg H, De Strooper B. Potential human transmission of amyloid β pathology: surveillance and risks. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:872-878. [PMID: 32949547 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies in experimental animals show transmissibility of amyloidogenic proteins associated with prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although these data raise potential concerns for public health, convincing evidence for human iatrogenic transmission only exists for prions and amyloid β after systemic injections of contaminated growth hormone extracts or dura mater grafts derived from cadavers. Even though these procedures are now obsolete, some reports raise the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of amyloid β through putatively contaminated neurosurgical equipment. Iatrogenic transmission of amyloid β might lead to amyloid deposition in the brain parenchyma and blood vessel walls, potentially resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy after several decades. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause life-threatening brain haemorrhages; yet, there is no proof that the transmission of amyloid β can also lead to Alzheimer's dementia. Large, long-term epidemiological studies and sensitive, cost-efficient tools to detect amyloid are needed to better understand any potential routes of amyloid β transmission and to clarify whether other similar proteopathic seeds, such as tau or α-synuclein, can also be transferred iatrogenically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Lauwers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Lalli
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gustaf Edgren
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Cellule Nationale de Référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Adel Helmy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian J Ivinson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Richard Knight
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Research and Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Lemmens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I-Chun Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Medical Research Council Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
| | - V Hugh Perry
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Pickett
- Alzheimer's Society, London, London, UK; Epilepsy Research UK, London, UK
| | - Guy Poppy
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sheena E Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Theys
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine St Denis, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche, INSERM, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Peter van den Burg
- European Blood Alliance, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Blood Services, Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Clare Walton
- Alzheimer's Society, London, London, UK; Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, London, UK
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Condello C, DeGrado WF, Prusiner SB. Prion biology: implications for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:802-803. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
47
|
Madden PW, Klyubin I, Ahearne MJ. Silk fibroin safety in the eye: a review that highlights a concern. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000510. [PMID: 33024827 PMCID: PMC7513638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical use of silk as a suture dates back to antiquity. Fibroin is the structural element that determines the strength of silk and here we consider the safety of fibroin in its role in ophthalmology. The high mechanical strength of silk meant sufficiently thin threads could be made for eye microsurgery, but such usage was all but superseded by synthetic polymer sutures, primarily because silk in its entirety was more inflammatory. Significant immunological response can normally be avoided by careful manufacturing to provide high purity fibroin, and it has been utilised in this form for tissue engineering an array of fibre and film substrata deployed in research with cells of the eye. Films of fibroin can also be made transparent, which is a required property in the visual pathway. Transparent layers of corneal epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells have all been demonstrated with maintenance of phenotype, as have constructs supporting retinal cells. Fibroin has a lack of demonstrable infectious agent transfer, an ability to be sterilised and prepared with minimal contamination, long-term predictable degradation and low direct cytotoxicity. However, there remains a known ability to be involved in amyloid formation and potential amyloidosis which, without further examination, is enough to currently question whether fibroin should be employed in the eye given its innervation into the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Madden
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Klyubin
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark J Ahearne
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Medin aggregation causes cerebrovascular dysfunction in aging wild-type mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23925-23931. [PMID: 32900929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011133117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Medin is the most common amyloid known in humans, as it can be found in blood vessels of the upper body in virtually everybody over 50 years of age. However, it remains unknown whether deposition of Medin plays a causal role in age-related vascular dysfunction. We now report that aggregates of Medin also develop in the aorta and brain vasculature of wild-type mice in an age-dependent manner. Strikingly, genetic deficiency of the Medin precursor protein, MFG-E8, eliminates not only vascular aggregates but also prevents age-associated decline of cerebrovascular function in mice. Given the prevalence of Medin aggregates in the general population and its role in vascular dysfunction with aging, targeting Medin may become a novel approach to sustain healthy aging.
Collapse
|
49
|
Goedert M. Tau proteinopathies and the prion concept. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 175:239-259. [PMID: 32958235 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ordered assembly of a small number of proteins into amyloid filaments is central to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Tau is the most commonly affected of these proteins. In sporadic diseases, assemblies of tau form in a stochastic manner in certain brain regions, from where they appear to spread in a deterministic way, giving rise to disease symptoms. Over the past decade, multiple lines of evidence have shown that assembled tau behaves like a prion. More recently, electron cryo-microscopy of tau filaments has shown that distinct conformers are present in different diseases, with no inter-individual variation for a given disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chang Z, Deng J, Zhao W, Yang J. Amyloid-like aggregation and fibril core determination of TDP-43 C-terminal domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:655-661. [PMID: 32907712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic inclusion of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a hallmark of most ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTLD (Frontotemporal dementia), yet the aggregation of TDP-43 remains unclear. In this study, we proved the existence of amyloid-like structures of C-terminal domain of TDP-43 (TDP-C) in bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs), and obtained a homogenous fibril sample by seeding from the components of aggregated TDP-C in Escherichiacoli IBs. The results from solid-state NMR spectroscopy suggest that the homogenous fibrils were seeded from a tiny amount of aggregated TDP-C compositions in IBs; the structure characteristics of the rigid fibril core are identified of β-rich structures, and show subtle relativity with the hydrophobicity of residues. Our study here provides a further understanding of TDP-43 protein aggregation and fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jing Deng
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|