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Blume JB, Dettmers J. Yogi or fireball - or both - a diary study on the interaction between mindfulness and vigor on job performance. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1385674. [PMID: 39011283 PMCID: PMC11247013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1385674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Building upon the conservation of resources theory and the episodic process model of performance, this research addresses the gap in understanding how daily variations in two personal resources, particularly their interaction, affect job performance. Specifically, this study examines the influence of vigor and mindfulness on daily fluctuations in task performance considering the potential compensation effect between these personal resources in the workplace. Methods We conducted a five-day online diary study involving 192 participants (926 daily observations). At the conclusion of each workday, participants were asked to assess their level of mindfulness and vigor in the workplace using validated scales, as well as estimate their task performance. Results Multilevel analyses showed that both daily mindfulness and daily vigor positively predict self-reported task performance. The interaction between mindfulness and vigor was significant. The results suggest that high levels of mindfulness can compensate for low levels of vigor, and vice versa. Discussion Exploring the interplay of personal resources at work provides a valuable starting point for individual-tailored interventions that enable individuals to reach their full potential. Enhancing employees' mindfulness may increase job performance directly and empowers workers to compensate for periods of low energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Barbara Blume
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität Hagen, Hagen, Germany
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Shoker D, Desmet L, Ledoux N, Héron A. Effects of standardized mindfulness programs on burnout: a systematic review and original analysis from randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381373. [PMID: 38841654 PMCID: PMC11151852 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic occupational stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism toward work, and a lack of personal accomplishment at work. Recent WHO guidelines on mental health suggest that mindfulness could have beneficial effects in a professional environment, but to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study that has made a large inventory of research focused specifically on the effects of standardized programs on burnout. Which professional populations have already been studied? What are the characteristics of the programs? Have studies shown a significant effect and on what indicator? Objective To assess the effects of standardized programs of mindfulness on burnout, we carried out a systematic review using an exhaustive inventory of the international literature based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The articles were selected according to PRISMA recommendations. The Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, HAL databases were searched with the keywords "mindfulness," "burnout," and "randomized" in the title and abstract of each article. The data were all collected in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed in pivot tables, which were then presented in graphs and maps. Results A total of 49 RCTs were thus selected, the majority of which were of good methodological quality, of American origin (43% of studies), concerned professionals in the health sector (64% of participants included), and mostly women (76%). The RCTs assessed the effects of 31 different mindfulness programs, mostly with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (78% of RCTs). More than two-thirds of RCTs (67%) showed a significant beneficial effect on burnout measurement indicators, with emotional exhaustion being the most impacted component. Conclusion This systematic review shows that mindfulness-based interventions could be approaches of choice to prevent emotional distress of burnout. Further studies are still needed to determine which type of program is best suited to impact the two other components of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyna Shoker
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
- Cabinet médical de la gare de Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laura Desmet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
| | - Nelly Ledoux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
| | - Anne Héron
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
- Faculté de Santé - Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Fan L, Cui F. Mindfulness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation as predictors of psychological well-being in EFL learners. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1332002. [PMID: 38601825 PMCID: PMC11004504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mindfulness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation play vital roles in shaping the psychological well-being of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This study investigates the interconnections among these constructs and their implications for the psychological well-being of 527 Chinese EFL learners. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese EFL learners enrolled in a university in China. Participants were recruited through a non-probability convenience sampling method from English language courses. They completed validated self-report questionnaires assessing mindfulness, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and psychological well-being. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis were employed to explore the relationships among these constructs. Results The study found that mindfulness and self-efficacy independently and directly predicted psychological well-being among Chinese EFL learners. Additionally, self-regulation emerged as a significant mediator in the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being, suggesting that mindfulness enhances well-being indirectly through improved self-regulation skills. Discussion These findings underscore the critical roles of mindfulness practices, self-efficacy beliefs, and self-regulation skills in promoting psychological well-being among EFL learners. The implications of this study extend to mindfulness-based interventions and programs designed. However, the study's cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and the use of self-report measures may introduce biases. Moreover, the sample's limited diversity and homogeneous demographic profile, attributed to the convenience sampling from a single university, may constrain the generalizability of the findings. Future research could adopt longitudinal designs and diverse participant samples to further elucidate these relationships and enhance the robustness of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- College of Teacher Education, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, China
| | - Feng Cui
- School of Marxism, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong, China
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Marsh E, Perez Vallejos E, Spence A. Mindfully and confidently digital: A mixed methods study on personal resources to mitigate the dark side of digital working. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295631. [PMID: 38394182 PMCID: PMC10889626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates the potential of mindfulness to reduce employee stress. However, with work increasingly migrating from the physical to the digital workplace, evidence is lacking on how mindfulness might help employees live healthy digital working lives. In addition, employees' confidence when using the digital workplace is seen as important for productivity but may also play a role in reducing well-being impacts from digital working. Using the Job-Demands Resources model as a theoretical foundation, 142 workers were surveyed regarding their levels of trait mindfulness and digital workplace confidence, along with their experiences of the dark side effects (stress, overload, anxiety, Fear of Missing Out and addiction) and well-being outcomes (burnout and health). 14 workers were also interviewed to provide qualitative insights on these constructs. Results from regression analyses indicated that more digitally confident workers were less likely to experience digital workplace anxiety, while those with higher mindfulness were better protected against all of the dark side of digital working effects. Interview data indicated ways in which digital mindfulness helps protect well-being, as well as how digital workplace confidence enables healthier digital habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Marsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elvira Perez Vallejos
- School of Medicine (Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre) and School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Spence
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Alfurjani AM, Al-Hammouri MM, Rababah JA, Alhawatmeh HN, Hall LA. The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on stress overload, depression, and mindfulness among nurses: A randomized controlled trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024; 21:34-44. [PMID: 38083806 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses experience various health-related issues due to the nature of their work. AIM This study aimed to examine the effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on stress overload, depression and mindfulness among nurses. A secondary objective was to examine the role of the setting (i.e., in and out of the hospital as a natural setting) on mindfulness-based intervention effectiveness. METHODS A randomized controlled trial with three groups' pretest-posttest design was used in this study. A total of 195 nurses were recruited-65 intervention-inside hospital, 60 intervention-outside hospital, and 63 control. The mindfulness-based intervention was delivered by a certified mindfulness practitioner over 4 weeks in Jordan. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire, the Stress Overload Scale Short, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the linear combination of the dependent variables V = 0.44, F[6, 368] = 17.56, p < .001. Follow-up analyses showed that a mindfulness-based intervention significantly decreased stress overload, depression, and increased mindfulness levels among nurses in intervention groups compared with the control group. In addition, conducting a mindfulness-based intervention outside the hospital has a better effect on mindfulness levels than the inside hospital. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention on stress overload, depression, and mindfulness should be considered when planning for nurses' well-being and the quality of care provided. Nurse managers are encouraged to use the study's findings to promote nurses' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida M Alfurjani
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Jehad A Rababah
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hossam N Alhawatmeh
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lynne A Hall
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Gherardi-Donato ECDS, Gimenez LBH, Fernandes MNDF, Lacchini R, Camargo Júnior EB, Díaz-Serrano KV, Melchior M, Pérez RG, Riquelme-Galindo J, Reisdorfer E. Mindfulness Practice Reduces Hair Cortisol, Anxiety and Perceived Stress in University Workers: Randomized Clinical Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2875. [PMID: 37958019 PMCID: PMC10648523 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and stress are common mental health conditions reported by university workers. Practices of mindfulness represent one promising approach as an effective and feasible means to reduce stress, improve mental health and promote well-being; however, there are no clinical trials that have combined long-term stress biomarkers (hair cortisol) and psychometric assessments in a sample of university workers. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based program on long-term stress, by measuring hair cortisol concentration and perceived stress and anxiety among workers who were undergoing high levels of stress. METHOD We conducted a randomized clinical trial at work among the employees of a public university. We compared a group that received the eight-week mindfulness intervention with the wait list group who received no intervention. RESULTS A total of 30 participants were included in the study, with n = 15 subjects in the intervention group and n = 15 in the control group. Hair cortisol, perceived stress and anxiety significantly reduced after the intervention compared to the control group, which had no appreciable decline in the measured variables. CONCLUSION This clinical trial showed the effectiveness of a mindfulness program on mental health psychometric measures (perceived stress and anxiety) and on a long-term stress biomarker (hair cortisol). It can be concluded that an eight-week mindfulness program could be implemented as an effective strategy to reduce stress biomarkers (hair cortisol) as well as perceived stress and anxiety, improving the mental health of university workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Bessani Hidalgo Gimenez
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (L.B.H.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Maria Neyrian de Fátima Fernandes
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Maranhão, Avenida Principal, 100 Residencial Dom Afonso Felippe, Imperatriz 65915-240, MA, Brazil;
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil; (L.B.H.G.); (R.L.)
| | - Elton Brás Camargo Júnior
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Rio Verde, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde 75901-970, GO, Brazil;
| | - Kranya Victoria Díaz-Serrano
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (K.V.D.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Melissa Melchior
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil; (K.V.D.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Raquel García Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Emilene Reisdorfer
- Department of Professional Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Nursing, MacEwan University, 104 Avenue NW 10700, Edmonton, AB T5J 4S2, Canada;
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Nagaoka M, Koreki A, Kosugi T, Ninomiya A, Mimura M, Sado M. Economic Evaluation Alongside a Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Healthy Adults. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2767-2785. [PMID: 37492861 PMCID: PMC10364820 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s406347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to conduct an economic evaluation of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in healthy participants by performing cost-utility analysis (CUA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Patients and Methods CUA was carried out from a healthcare sector perspective and CBA was from the employer's perspective in parallel with a randomized controlled trial. Of the 90 healthy participants, 50 met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to the MBCT group (n = 25) or wait-list control group (n = 25). In the CUA, intervention costs and healthcare costs were included, while the mean difference in the change in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) between the baseline and 16-week follow-up was used as an indicator of effect. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was produced, and uncertainty was addressed using non-parametric bootstrapping with 5000 replications. In the CBA, the change in productivity losses was reflected as a benefit, while the costs included intervention and healthcare costs. The net monetary benefit was calculated, and uncertainty was handled with 5000 bootstrapping. Healthcare costs were measured with the self-report Health Service Use Inventory. The purchasing power parity in 2019 was used for currency conversion. Results In the CUA, incremental costs and QALYs were estimated at JPY 19,700 (USD 189) and 0.011, respectively. The ICER then became JPY 1,799,435 (USD 17,252). The probability of MBCT being cost-effective was 92.2% at the threshold of 30,000 UK pounds per QALY. The CBA revealed that MBCT resulted in increased costs (JPY 24,180) and improved work productivity (JPY 130,640), with a net monetary benefit of JPY 106,460 (USD 1021). The probability of the net monetary benefit being positive was 69.6%. Conclusion The results suggested that MBCT may be more cost-effective from a healthcare sector perspective and may be cost-beneficial from the employer's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Akihiro Koreki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Teppei Kosugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gunma Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ninomiya
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Keio University Centre for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Sado
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Mindfulness & Stress Research Center, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
- Keio University Health Center, Keio University, Yokohama City, Japan
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Ogbodo CM, Ifeagwazi CM, Chukwuorji JC, Onu DU. Mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between mindfulness and mental well-being among formal caregivers of psychiatric patients. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2596-2605. [PMID: 37381893 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2229240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Professional caregivers of psychiatric patients are often exposed to circumstances and environments that threaten their mental well-being in the course of carrying out their professional duties. In this study, we examined the mediating role of emotion regulation in the association between mindfulness and mental well-being among professional caregivers of psychiatric patients. Three hundred and seven professional caregivers of psychiatric patients whose ages ranged between 22 and 63 years (mean age = 39.21 years; SD = 10.09 years) participated in the study. They completed measures of mindfulness, emotion regulation and mental well-being in addition to supplying relevant demographic information. Results of mediation analysis showed that expressive suppression dimension of emotion regulation mediated the relationship between mindfulness and mental well-being. This indicates that mindfulness was associated with increased mental well-being via the pathway of reduced expressive suppression. These findings suggest that expressive suppression may represent an effective way to strengthen the link between mindfulness and mental well-being among professional caregivers and ultimately provide a means to improve their well-being.
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Fan J, Li W, Lin M, Li X, Deng X. Effects of mindfulness and fatigue on emotional processing: an event-related potentials study. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1175067. [PMID: 37304761 PMCID: PMC10249016 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a common experience in everyday life. People who experience fatigue will have more intense negative emotions, and at the same time, their positive emotions will decrease, impairing the individual's emotional processing ability. In previous research, mindfulness meditation reduces the intensity of negative emotional stimuli. However, if individuals continue to be affected by negative emotions when they are fatigued, it is unclear whether mindfulness can buffer the negative association between fatigue and emotions. This study examined whether mindfulness meditation affects the association between fatigue and emotions, using event-related potentials (ERPs). One hundred and forty-five participants completed the experiment. They were randomly assigned to the Mindfulness or Non-mindfulness group; and they were presented with positive, neutral, or negative pictures in an emotional processing task before and after mindfulness or rest. Late positive potential (LPP) is an important indicator of emotional stimuli perceived by individuals, and positive or negative pictures can induce an increase in LPP amplitude more than neutral pictures. Our findings suggest that fatigue significantly affected individuals' LPP amplitudes in the early, mid, and late windows in the Non-mindfulness group, specifically, the more fatigued individuals had lower LPP amplitudes, but not in the Mindfulness group. These results suggest that in a state of fatigue, mindful individuals are able to maintain responsiveness to emotional stimuli by maintaining LPP amplitude. Our study has demonstrated that mindfulness meditation, to some extent, offsets the negative association of fatigue with the neural activation of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingping Lin
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinmei Deng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen, China
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Sugiura M, Katayori Y, Muratsubaki T, Shiratori M, Hanawa S, Nejad KK, Tamura D, Kawashima R, Fukudo S. Automatic adaptive emotion regulation is associated with lower emotion-related activation in the frontoparietal cortex and other cortical regions with multi-componential organization. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1059158. [PMID: 36950064 PMCID: PMC10025472 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1059158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although some researchers consider automatic adaptive emotion regulation to be an automatized strategy whereas others consider it to be implicit disengagement of deliberative process, to date, its neural correlates have been poorly investigated. In addition, the valence specificity of automatic adaptive emotion regulation and levels of activation relative to the neutral condition are controversial; the former is relevant to the attribution of resilient emotion regulation to positivity bias or emotional stability, and the latter to determining whether regulation is based on emotion-specific or emotion-non-specific processes. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we presented positive and negative emotional pictures to healthy young participants and investigated the neural correlates of automatic adaptive emotion regulation in spontaneous emotional response. A significant negative trait effect (i.e., regression coefficient) on activation was identified both for positive and negative emotional responses in various cortical regions. A cluster analysis identified three clusters among these regions based on the valence specificity of the trait effect and level of activation relative to neutral stimuli. Cluster 1 included regions in the sensorimotor cortex characterized by negative emotion-specific decreases in activation relative to neutral stimuli in adaptive individuals. Cluster 2 included several cortical regions including the bilateral dorsal executive network, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal gyrus, which were characterized by valence-independent decreases in activation in adaptive individuals. Cluster 3 included the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, right insula, and other posterior regions, which were characterized by increased activation for negative stimuli in non-adaptive individuals. These findings support the assumption that automatic adaptive emotion regulation involves the implicit disengagement of deliberative process and suggest the relevance of different cortical networks to the potential emotion- and valence-specificity of adaptive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Sugiura
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Katayori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Muratsubaki
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shiratori
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Daisaku Tamura
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Using Photography to Elicit Internal Medicine Physicians’ Experiences with Burnout and Wellness. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-023-00268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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Ghanbari Noshari M, Kempton HM, Kreplin U. Mindfulness or expectancy? The label of mindfulness leads to expectancy effects. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ghanbari Noshari
- School of Psychology Massey University Auckland New Zealand
- Dr. Mind Psychology Ltd. Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Ute Kreplin
- School of Psychology Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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13
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Zhou Y, Wang C, Sin HP. Being “there and aware”: a meta-analysis of the literature on leader mindfulness. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2022.2150170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Haworth College of Business, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Hock-Peng Sin
- College of Business, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Huberty JL, Espel-Huynh HM, Neher TL, Puzia ME. Testing the Pragmatic Effectiveness of a Consumer-Based Mindfulness Mobile App in the Workplace: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e38903. [PMID: 36169991 PMCID: PMC9557765 DOI: 10.2196/38903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health and sleep problems are prevalent in the workforce, corresponding to costly impairment in productivity and increased health care use. Digital mindfulness interventions are efficacious in improving sleep and mental health in the workplace; however, evidence supporting their pragmatic utility, potential for improving productivity, and ability to reduce employer costs is limited. OBJECTIVE This pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the experimental effects of implementing a commercially available mindfulness app-Calm-in employees of a large, multisite employer in the United States. Outcomes included mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep (insomnia and daytime sleepiness), resilience, productivity impairment (absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and non-work activity impairment), and health care use (medical visit frequency). METHODS Employees were randomized at the work site to receive either the Calm app intervention or waitlist control. Participants in the Calm intervention group were instructed to use the Calm app for 10 minutes per day for 8 weeks; individuals with elevated baseline insomnia symptoms could opt-in to 6 weeks of sleep coaching. All outcomes were assessed every 2 weeks, with the exception of medical visits (weeks 4 and 8 only). Effects of the Calm intervention on outcomes were evaluated via mixed effects modeling, controlling for relevant baseline characteristics, with fixed effects of the intervention on outcomes assessed at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. Models were analyzed via complete-case and intent-to-treat analyses. RESULTS A total of 1029 employees enrolled (n=585 in the Calm intervention group, including 101 who opted-in to sleep coaching, and n=444 in waitlist control). Of them, 192 (n=88 for the Calm intervention group and n=104 for waitlist) completed all 5 assessments. In the complete-case analysis at week 8, employees at sites randomized to the Calm intervention group experienced significant improvements in depression (P=.02), anxiety (P=.01), stress (P<.001), insomnia (P<.001), sleepiness (P<.001), resilience (P=.02), presenteeism (P=.01), overall work impairment (P=.004), and nonwork impairment (P<.001), and reduced medical care visit frequency (P<.001) and productivity impairment costs (P=.01), relative to the waitlist control. In the intent-to-treat analysis at week 8, significant benefits of the intervention were observed for depression (P=.046), anxiety (P=.01), insomnia (P<.001), sleepiness (P<.001), nonwork impairment (P=.04), and medical visit frequency (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the Calm app is an effective workplace intervention for improving mental health, sleep, resilience, and productivity and for reducing medical visits and costs owing to work impairment. Future studies should identify optimal implementation strategies that maximize employee uptake and large-scale implementation success across diverse, geographically dispersed employers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05120310; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05120310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Huberty
- Calm.com, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Taylor L Neher
- Center for the Study of Aging, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Megan E Puzia
- Behavioral Research and Analytics, LLC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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15
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Relation of Mindfulness, Heartfulness and Well-Being in Students during the Coronavirus-Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 7:419-438. [PMID: 36065401 PMCID: PMC9429999 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Pandemic has affected the lives of almost everyone. The study’s primary goal is to analyze how mindfulness and heartfulness (gratitude and self-compassion) predict well-being and flourishing during the pandemic. Participants were 216 students completing questionnaires about well-being, flourishing, mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, physical activity, Coronavirus stress and strain, and demographic information. Participants’ physical activity, strain, stress, and gender were also investigated as possible predictors. Mindfulness predicted well-being and flourishing. These relations were mediated by gratitude and self-compassion. Physical activity also predicted well-being and flourishing, but the Coronavirus stress and strain were unrelated to students’ well-being or flourishing. In an exploratory analysis, three aspects of mindfulness (non-judging, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted well-being, and four (non-judging, describing, observing, and acting with awareness) predicted flourishing. Aspects of heartfulness mediated the relations between these aspects of mindfulness and well-being and flourishing.
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16
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Gruman JA, Budworth MH. Positive psychology and human resource management: Building an HR architecture to support human flourishing. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Mohamed AF, Isahak M, Awg Isa MZ, Nordin R. The effectiveness of workplace health promotion program in reducing work-related depression, anxiety and stress among manufacturing workers in Malaysia: mixed-model intervention. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1113-1127. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Errazuriz A, Schmidt K, Undurraga EA, Medeiros S, Baudrand R, Cussen D, Henriquez M, Celhay P, Figueroa RA. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychological distress in health workers: A three-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 145:284-293. [PMID: 33199052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown good efficacy for improving wellbeing in employees experiencing occupational stress. However, comparisons with other interventions, longer-term follow-up, and data from varying sociocultural contexts are lacking. This three-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) examined the effects of MBSR on psychological distress in non-physician health workers in direct contact with patients. 105 participants were randomly allocated to either: (1) MBSR (N = 35), (2) Stress Management Course (SMC; N = 34) or (3) wait-list (N = 36). Participants and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Participants completed questionnaires pre- and post-intervention and four months after the intervention. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45). Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, job satisfaction, mindfulness skills and changes in salivary cortisol. 77 participants completed measures post-intervention and 52 at 4-month follow-up. MBSR showed a post-intervention effect in reducing GHQ-12 (ß = -0.80 [SE = 1.58] p < 0.01) and OQ-45 (ß = -0.72, [SE = 5.87] p < 0.05) psychological distress, compared to SMC and in reducing GHQ-12 (ß = -1.30 [SE = 1.38] p < 0.001) and OQ-45 (ß = -0.71, [SE = 5.58] p < 0.01) psychological distress compared to wait-list condition. In our secondary outcome, only MBSR was associated with a decrease in the cortisol awaking response by 23% (p < 0.05). At follow-up, only effects of MBSR on the psychological distress 'social role' subscale (ß = -0.76 [SE = 1.31] p < 0.05) remained significant, compared to SMC. In conclusion, MBSR appears useful in reducing short-term psychological distress in healthcare workers, but these effects were not maintained at follow-up. Trial registration: ISRCTN12039804.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Errazuriz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile; Millennium Science Initiative /Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality-MIDAP, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Kristin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile.
| | - Eduardo A Undurraga
- School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile; Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research in Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Avenida Las Condes 12.461, Torre 3, oficina 205, Las Condes, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Sebastián Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile; Millennium Science Initiative /Millennium Institute for Research on Depression and Personality-MIDAP, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Endocrinology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile; Program for Adrenal Disorders, CETREN UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile.
| | - Diego Cussen
- Institute of Economics, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Marcela Henriquez
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile.
| | - Pablo Celhay
- School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile; Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, 8330077, Chile.
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Nielsen EG, Minda JP. The Mindful Lawyer: Investigating the Effects of Two Online Mindfulness Programs on Self-Reported Well-Being in the Legal Profession. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:e871-e882. [PMID: 34860207 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Two studies were conducted to determine whether mindfulness meditation could be an effective tool for improving well-being among legal professionals-a population plagued by high rates of depression, anxiety, and stress. METHODS Study 1. Legal professionals completed questionnaires before and after an 8-week mindfulness program. Study 2. Lawyers were randomly assigned to either an experimental or waitlist condition. Questionnaires were administered at the beginning of the study and after experimental participants had completed a 30-day intervention. RESULTS Study 1. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, resilience, trait mindfulness, stress, anxiety, and depression over time. Study 2. Post-intervention, experimental participants reported better mood, lower levels of stress, and higher levels of non-reactivity and observing than waitlist participants. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness and meditation may effectively improve well-being among legal professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Nielsen
- Department of Psychology & The Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Caporale-Berkowitz NA, Boyer BP, Lyddy CJ, Good DJ, Rochlen AB, Parent MC. Search inside yourself: investigating the effects of a widely adopted mindfulness-at-work development program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021; 14:593-604. [PMID: 38283264 PMCID: PMC10817720 DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-08-2020-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose – Workplace mindfulness training has many benefits, but designing programs to reach a wide audience effectively and efficiently remains a challenge. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of a widely adopted workplace mindfulness program on the mindfulness, active listening skill, emotional intelligence, and burnout of employees in a large, multinational internet company. Design/methodology/approach – The study sample included 123 employees across three company offices who completed the two-day Search Inside Yourself (SIY) program. Data were collected using self-report measures pre-, post-, and four-weeks post-intervention and were analyzed using paired samples t-tests. Findings – Significant increases were detected in mindfulness and the "awareness of emotion" components of emotional intelligence four weeks post-course. No significant changes were found in participants' self-reported levels of burnout, active listening skill or the "management of emotion" components of emotional intelligence. Practical implications – Teaching workplace mindfulness and emotional intelligence skills through a highly applied, condensed course format may be effective for increasing mindfulness and the "awareness" components of emotional intelligence. Longer courses with more applied practice may be necessary to help participants build emotional management and listening skills and to reduce burnout. Originality/value – The present study is, to the authors' knowledge, the first academic, peer-reviewed assessment of SIY, a workplace mindfulness training program that has been taught to over 50,000 people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittany P Boyer
- Counseling and Mental Health Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Darren J Good
- Graziado School of Business, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron B Rochlen
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael C Parent
- Department of Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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21
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The Development, Implementation, and Preliminary Outcomes of a 5-Minute Mindfulness Program to Improve Well-Being and Increase Connection Across a University Campus. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:23-32. [PMID: 34778543 PMCID: PMC8577965 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-021-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, people worldwide have experienced increased anxiety, depression, and loneliness and decreased well-being. Mindfulness has been shown to enhance well-being across a variety of settings and for a variety of populations. Purpose We developed and implemented a digital mindfulness program called Mindful Moment across a US university system as an innovative wellness resource to facilitate well-being and sense of connection among faculty, staff, and students. Attendees engaged in 5-minute live guided mindfulness sessions twice per week. This paper outlines our program evaluation over the course of four months. Methods A total of 236 individuals attended between one to 30 mindful moment sessions. Data were collected on attendance, perception of the program’s impact on attendee well-being and connectedness to the community, and feedback for future program development. Data collection included standardized stress and belongingness measures in addition to qualitative data related to perceived impact and reasons for attending. Results Students, faculty, and staff who attended Mindful Moment and completed surveys reported that the program was easy to access, noted immediate benefits including decreased stress and improved well-being, and some attendees reported increased feelings of connection with the community. Conclusions The present paper is exploratory in nature, a first step to assessing feasibility and overall impact. Future research assessing the impact of digital mindfulness programs can be improved by including a comparison group, additional standardized assessment, and a pre-post design, allowing for stronger conclusions to be drawn regarding efficacy and generalizability.
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22
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Pacheco T, Coulombe S, Meunier S. When Work Conflicts With Personal Projects: The Association of Work-Life Conflict With Worker Wellbeing and the Mediating Role of Mindfulness. Front Psychol 2021; 12:539582. [PMID: 34819891 PMCID: PMC8606422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.539582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative emotional and health effects of work-life conflict (WLC) have been demonstrated in numerous studies regarding organizational psychology and occupational health. However, little is known about WLC's relationship with positive wellbeing outcomes, including emotional, psychological, and social aspects of workers' thriving. Furthermore, the mediating processes underlying the effects of WLC remain mostly unknown. The current study investigated the associations of perceived time- and strain-based WLC with positive mental health and thriving at work, as well as the mediating role of mindfulness in these associations. It is argued that WLC causes reduced mindfulness capacities among workers, which is in turn associated with lower positive wellbeing given the importance of mindfulness in emotion regulation. A sample of 330 workers based in Québec, Canada, completed an online survey including a measure of strain- and time-based interference with personal projects (i.e., the goals and activities that define the daily life of an individual) and validated scales of wellbeing outcomes and mindfulness. Results of structural equation modeling revealed negative associations between time- and strain-based WLC with positive mental health and thriving at work. Work-life conflict was related to lower mindfulness, which played a mediating role in the associations between time-based WLC with positive mental health and thriving at work, as well as strain-based WLC with positive mental health. The mediation was complete for the time-based WLC and positive mental health association, but partial for the other mediated pathways, highlighting the need for more research to identify additional mediators. These results highlight that beyond resulting in negative emotional/health outcomes often studied in previous research, WLC may be associated with workers' reduced potential to live a fulfilling life, in general and in the workplace. Recommendations (e.g., mindfulness intervention to promote emotional regulation, personal project intervention) for workplace policymakers and practitioners are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Pacheco
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Coulombe
- Département des Relations Industrielles, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Vitam – Centre de Recherche en Santé Durable, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Meunier
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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23
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Calcagni CC, Salanova M, Llorens S, Bellosta-Batalla M, Martínez-Rubio D, Martínez Borrás R. Differential Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention Programs at Work on Psychological Wellbeing and Work Engagement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:715146. [PMID: 34646205 PMCID: PMC8502863 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different mindfulness-based interventions were deployed in a sample of white-collar workers to explore the differential effects on different facets of mindfulness, dimensions of psychological wellbeing, work engagement, performance, and stress of a participant. A total of 28 participants completed one of the different programs, and their results were compared between groups and against 27 participants randomly allocated to a waiting list control group. Results suggest both mindfulness intervention programs were successful at increasing the levels of psychological wellbeing, work engagement, and performance of the participants, as well as decreasing their levels of stress. Significant differences were found between the two programs in all outcome variables. Results suggest that brief and customized mindfulness interventions at work are as successful as lengthier programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Coo Calcagni
- Department of Developmental, Educational & Social Psychology and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Marisa Salanova
- Department of Developmental, Educational & Social Psychology and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Susana Llorens
- Department of Developmental, Educational & Social Psychology and Methodology, Jaume I University, Castellón de La Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel Bellosta-Batalla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Mindfulness has grown from an obscure subject to an immensely popular topic that is associated with numerous performance, health, and well-being benefits in organizations. However, this growth in popularity has generated a number of criticisms of mindfulness and a rather piecemeal approach to organizational research and practice on the subject. To advance both investigation and application, the present paper applies The Balance Framework to serve as an integrative scaffolding for considering mindfulness in organizations, helping to address some of the criticisms leveled against it. The Balance Framework specifies five forms of balance: 1) balance as tempered view, 2) balance as mid-range, 3) balance as complementarity, 4) balance as contextual sensitivity, and 5) balance among different levels of consciousness. Each form is applied to mindfulness at work with a discussion of relevant conceptual issues in addition to implications for research and practice. Plain Language Summary In order to appreciate the value of mindfulness at work researchers and practitioners might want to consider both the benefits and potential drawbacks of mindfulness. This paper presents a discussion of both the advantages and possible disadvantages of mindfulness at work organized in terms of the five dimensions of an organizing structure called The Balance Framework.
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25
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Losung RK, De Paoli T, Kebbell M, Bond A. The Role of Empathy in Professional Quality of Life: a Study on Australian Police Officers Working in Sexual Assault and Child Abuse Investigation. JOURNAL OF POLICE AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 36:616-626. [PMID: 34341622 PMCID: PMC8319875 DOI: 10.1007/s11896-021-09468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Police working in sexual assault and child abuse investigation may be at risk of secondary trauma effects and burnout, particularly if they do not have protective mechanisms in place. Empathy has shown to be vital in protecting against secondary trauma and burnout, as well as enhancing compassion satisfaction. The current cross-sectional study surveyed 216 Australian police participants working in sexual assault and child abuse investigation exploring the relationship between different facets of empathy and professional quality of life factors. All facets of empathy predicted compassion satisfaction and negatively predicted burnout. Aspects of cognitive empathy negatively predicted burnout and secondary traumatic stress, while aspects of emotional/physiological and cognitive empathy positively predicted compassion satisfaction. Novel gender differences were found, with males at higher risk of burnout; tenure significantly predicted burnout and secondary traumatic stress; and results supported that empathy is a vital mechanism for sustaining wellbeing, satisfaction, and efficacy in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riana K. Losung
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
- Family Violence Command, Victoria Police, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tara De Paoli
- Psychology Services, Australian Federal Police, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Kebbell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
| | - Amanda Bond
- Family Violence Command, Victoria Police, Melbourne, Australia
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Ye C, He B, Sun X. Subordinates’ negative workplace gossip leads to supervisor abuse: based on the conservation of resources theory. CHINESE MANAGEMENT STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/cms-09-2020-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this paper aims to explore the potential influence of perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip on abusive supervision in China. Moreover, the COR theory helps in examining the mediating role of self-esteem threat and psychological distress and the moderating role of mindfulness on the effects of perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip on abusive supervision.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 305 supervisor-subordinate dyads in China using the time-lagged and multi-source methods and hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Findings
Results reveal that perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip is positively related to abusive supervision and the relationship is moderated by the supervisor’s traits of mindfulness. In addition, perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip has an indirect effect on abusive supervision via self-esteem threat (cognition) and psychological distress (emotion).
Originality/value
The study helps to understand the influence of perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip on abusive supervision based on the COR theory. At the same time, it also enriches the understanding of the internal mechanism between perceived subordinates’ negative workplace gossip and abusive supervision.
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Britton WB, Lindahl JR, Cooper DJ, Canby NK, Palitsky R. Defining and measuring meditation-related adverse effects in mindfulness-based programs. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:1185-1204. [PMID: 35174010 PMCID: PMC8845498 DOI: 10.1177/2167702621996340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the adverse effects of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) has been sparse and hindered by methodological imprecision. METHODS The 44-item Meditation Experiences Interview (MedEx-I) was used by an independent assessor to measure meditation-related side effects (MRSE) following three variants of an 8-week program of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (n = 96). Each item was queried for occurrence, causal link to mindfulness meditation practice, duration, valence, and impact on functioning. RESULTS Eighty-three percent of the MBP sample reported at least one MRSE. Meditation-related adverse effects (MRAEs) with negative valences or negative impacts on functioning occurred in 58% and 37% of the sample, respectively. Lasting bad effects occurred in 6-14% of the sample and were associated with signs of dysregulated arousal (hyperarousal and dissociation). CONCLUSION Meditation practice in MBPs is associated with transient distress and negative impacts at similar rates to other psychological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willoughby B. Britton
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
| | | | - David J. Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
| | - Nicholas K. Canby
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
| | - Roman Palitsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University
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Nübold A, Hülsheger UR. Personality states mediate the effect of a mindfulness intervention on employees’ work outcomes: A randomized controlled trial. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211012915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, organizational researchers have increasingly recognized the value of studying personality states at work. This line of research has to date mainly focused on outcomes of and situational antecedents of personality state change at work. In this study, we draw on social cognitive theory of self-regulation and the social investment principle to test if a structured intervention can bring about changes in employees’ personality states at work. Specifically, we investigate the effect of a four-week low-dose mindfulness intervention delivered via a mobile application on employees’ personality state change in a multi-group experiment with a passive and an active control group. Employees ( N = 162), either practicing mindfulness, doing brain training exercises, or not receiving any treatment were tracked in a diary study across a period of four weeks. Results of growth curve analyses showed that compared to the control groups, the mindfulness intervention led to significantly more increases in employees’ daily mindfulness, emotional stability and agreeableness across the four-week period. Furthermore, daily agreeableness and emotional stability mediated the effect of the intervention on daily job satisfaction and performance. No intervention effects were found for daily openness, conscientiousness, and extraversion. Implications are discussed for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ute R Hülsheger
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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An Exploratory Study of a 3-Minute Mindfulness Intervention on Compassion Fatigue in Nurses. Holist Nurs Pract 2021; 34:274-281. [PMID: 33953010 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that breathing mindfully for 3 minutes over a period of 4 weeks, positively affects compassion fatigue in nurses. A nonrandomized, pre/postintervention study was conducted using a 3-minute attentional breathing intervention. Thirty-two nurses participated over 4 weeks. The intervention demonstrated statistically significant reductions in compassion fatigue measures.
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Li Y, Yang N, Zhang Y, Xu W, Cai L. The Relationship Among Trait Mindfulness, Attention, and Working Memory in Junior School Students Under Different Stressful Situations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:558690. [PMID: 33737892 PMCID: PMC7960675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention and working memory are important cognitive functions that affect junior school students’ learning ability and academic performance. This study aimed to explore the relationships among trait mindfulness, attention, and working memory and to explore differences in performance between a high trait mindfulness group and a low one in attention and working memory under different stressful situations. In study 1, 216 junior school students completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and their attention and working memory were tested in a non-pressure situation. The results showed that attention had a partial mediating effect between mindfulness and working memory. In study 2, the high trait mindfulness group and the low one were tested for attention and working memory under situations with single and multiple pressures. One notable result was that the attention and working memory performances of the high mindfulness group were all significantly higher than those of the low mindfulness group in every stress situation (no stress, single stress, and multiple stresses). Other important results were that trait mindfulness moderates the relationship between stress and attention and between stress and working memory. These results suggest that trait mindfulness has a protective effect in the process by which various stresses affect attention and working memory. These findings indicate that trait mindfulness is an important psychological quality that affects the attention and working memory of junior school students, and it is also an important psychological resource for effectively coping with the impact of stress on attention and working memory. Therefore, it is possible that improving trait mindfulness may help to improve junior school students’ attention and working memory and enable them to cope better with stress, thereby helping to improve academic performance. This research is of great significance for understanding the association between key psychological qualities and cognitive functions in different stressful situations. These findings also provide insight for future studies in educational psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Li
- Psychological Education and Counselling Centre, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ningxi Yang
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how and why workplace mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) work or do not work. DESIGN A realist review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTION We considered any studies (experimental quasi-experimental, observational, qualitative and mixed-methods studies) of workplace MBPs as long as they provided data to explain our programme theories. All MBP formats and delivery modes were included. ANALYSIS Consistent with realist review methodology, we systematically screened and analysed data to explain how and why workplace MBPs work or do not work. These explanations were consolidated into a programme theory augmented by theories from organisational literature, such as conservation of resources theory. RESULTS Findings from 75 primary studies suggest that workplace MBPs enable participants (including healthcare professionals) to deal more skillfully with stressful events and improve their well-being. The mechanisms involved can be grouped around awareness/self-regulation, acceptance/compassion, feeling permitted to take care of self, sense of growth and promise of goal attainment. In order for professionals to invest in an MBP and benefit from it, it is important that they feel safe to engage with self-care at work and share emotional difficulties among peers. It is also important that employees are able to link the programme and its activities to existing goals and practices. Concerns of being non-productive, of not getting work done or of being exposed in front of colleagues can result in strategic use of brief mindfulness exercises, non-adherence or drop-out. CONCLUSIONS Simply offering an MBP to (healthcare) professionals in order to reduce stress and enhance well-being does not suffice. A supportive environment must exist in order for the programme's benefits to be reaped. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018086280.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Micklitz
- Evidence-Based Healthcare, Department of Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Howick
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Althammer SE, Reis D, Beek S, Beck L, Michel A. A mindfulness intervention promoting work–life balance: How segmentation preference affects changes in detachment, well‐being, and work–life balance. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elena Althammer
- Heidelberg University Germany
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) Dortmund Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Michel
- Heidelberg University Germany
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) Dortmund Germany
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A randomized controlled trial of an app-delivered mindfulness program among university employees: effects on stress and work-related outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-04-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact on stress and work-related outcomes of an app-delivered mindfulness-based program (MBP; Headspace®) offered to employees in a UK higher education (HE) institution.Design/methodology/approachUsing a randomized waitlist control trial design, participants were randomly allocated to be offered a mindfulness-based program (MBP) immediately for 2 months or after a waiting list period of 2 months (WLC). Data were analyzed using Intention to Treat (ITT; MBP n = 62; WLC n = 63); with supplementary analysis restricting to those who completed all measures; (MBP n = 45; WLC n = 56) and then further restricting the MBP group to those who completed at least foundation level 1 of the app; (MBP n = 31; WLC n = 56).FindingsThe ITT analysis showed significant increases in several aspects of mindfulness and a significant reduction in perceived stress but no significant effects for work-related outcomes. Analysis restricted to MBP participants who completed the app foundation course showed a similar pattern but in addition showed significant increases in work-life balance and the emotional aspect of job engagement.Practical implicationsThe offer of the Headspace® app in the HE sector may result in reduced perceived stress. If improvements in work-related outcomes are also to be seen, then users need to be encouraged to complete a minimum level of practice.Originality/valueEffect size estimates for stress and work-related outcomes of an app-delivered MBP contribute to the evolving picture of MBPs in the workplace.
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The direct and indirect influence of mindfulness on techno-stressors and job burnout: A quantitative study of white-collar workers. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Zhang Z, Zheng J, Cheng B, Zhong J. Is a mindful worker more attentive? the role of moral self-efficacy and moral disengagement. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2020.1859376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenduo Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Junwei Zheng
- Department of Construction Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Bao Cheng
- School of Business Administration, Southwestern university of Finance and Economics
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology
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36
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Abatemarco DJ, Gannon M, Hand DJ, Short VL, McLaughlin K, Martin D. The use of mindfulness dialogue for life in substance use disorder treatment in the time of COVID-19. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 122:108213. [PMID: 33293178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Effective communication is critical for therapeutic work with individuals, for the interdisciplinary team, and for leadership in a substance use disorder (SUD) treatment program. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, over a two-year period Thomas Jefferson University's Maternal Addiction Treatment, Education and Research (MATER) program, an SUD treatment program serving pregnant and parenting women living in an urban environment, implemented Mindfulness Dialogue for Life (MDfL) to deepen communication, encourage courageous conversations, bring more compassion to staff and patients, and improve trust among leadership. MDfL focuses on three stages-connecting, exploring, and discovering-and it uses mindfulness practices to enhance communication. Here we describe our efforts to implement MDfL on a virtual platform and how the COVID-19 pandemic affected staff's work experience, as identified during their MDfL sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane J Abatemarco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Meghan Gannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Dennis J Hand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Vanessa L Short
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
| | - Kimberly McLaughlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
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37
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A Practical Pilot Experience of a Mindfulness Program in University Teacher—Researcher Training. HUMAN ARENAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42087-019-00084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Forjan DN, Tuckey MR, Li Y. Problem solving and affect as mechanisms linking daily mindfulness to task performance and job satisfaction. Stress Health 2020; 36:338-349. [PMID: 31957967 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the daily relationships between mindfulness and job satisfaction via affect and mindfulness and task performance via problem solving confidence. Participants were 57 full-time and part-time employees who completed a baseline survey and five daily diary entries. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. On days when they experienced greater mindfulness, employees also experienced (a) greater daily job satisfaction via high-activation positive affect (but not low-activation positive affect nor negative affect) and (b) greater daily self-reported task performance via problem solving confidence. Our findings suggest that high-activation positive affect and problem solving confidence may be important daily mechanisms of mindfulness at work. Growing evidence links mindfulness to work-related outcomes; however, limited research has investigated the mechanisms involved. The present study is one of the first to collect empirical observations regarding how state mindfulness operates at work on a daily basis, providing support for both affective and cognitive pathways. Advances in this area can underpin a robust theoretical framework to guide the implementation of daily mindfulness practice and interventions targeting specific work-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Forjan
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michelle R Tuckey
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yiqiong Li
- UQ Business School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ng SM, Lo HHM, Yeung A, Young D, Fung MHY, Wang AM. Study Protocol of Brief Daily Body-Mind-Spirit Practice for Sustainable Emotional Capacity and Work Engagement for Community Mental Health Workers: A Multi-Site Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1482. [PMID: 32670170 PMCID: PMC7332841 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the emotional demanding nature of social services, we developed a brief daily body-mind-spirit (BMS) program and successfully piloted it with workers at elderly services. The proposed study focuses on community mental health workers who are often under chronic stress and vulnerable to burnout. Methods The study aims to evaluate the program for fostering sustainable emotional capacity and work engagement for community mental health workers. A multi-site randomized controlled trial design is adopted. All the 24 the Integrated Community Centre for Mental Wellness (ICCMW of Hong Kong will be approached to join this program. Assuming conservatively, 60% ICCWM (14 centers) will respond and participate. At each site, a pair of intervention and control groups will be run. The targeted total sample size is 224. To investigate the course of changes in burnout and engagement, each group will last 6 months, including 3-month intervention and 3-month follow-up. Measures will be taken at monthly intervals. Discussion In light of literature and the pilot trial’s findings, participants in the Brief Daily BMS intervention group are expected to have a reduced burnout level and a narrowing of range in work engagement during the 3 months intervention. And within the 3 months post-intervention period, a rebound of burnout level and a widening of range in work engagement are expected to be observed in the same group of participants. Hopefully, this study will contribute to the deeper understanding of burnout and work engagement, and shed light on sustainable intervention for emotionally demanding workplaces. Clinical Trial Registration The trial has been registered in the Clinical Trials Centre of the University of Hong Kong. HKUCTR-2763 Registered 27 December 2019 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.hkuctr.com/Study/Show/eb930d24e2c647afb7a922055163f24b.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ng
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Herman H M Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Young
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Melody H Y Fung
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Amenda M Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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40
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Martín-Hernández P, Ramos J, Zornoza A, Lira EM, Peiró JM. Mindfulness and Job Control as Moderators of the Relationship between Demands and Innovative Work Behaviours. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGÍA DEL TRABAJO Y DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES 2020. [DOI: 10.5093/jwop2020a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Ramaci T, Rapisarda V, Bellini D, Mucci N, De Giorgio A, Barattucci M. Mindfulness as a Protective Factor for Dissatisfaction in HCWs: The Moderating Role of Mindful Attention between Climate Stress and Job Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113818. [PMID: 32481543 PMCID: PMC7312809 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of investigating the possible moderating effect of job control and dispositional mindfulness between different sources of organizational stress and job satisfaction, a correlational study was designed involving health care workers (HCWs). The following questionnaires were administered and completed by 237 HCWs: (1) Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI), to measure the sources of stress at work (managerial role, climate power, climate structure, internal relationships), and job satisfaction; (2) Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to assess the individual’s level of attention to what is taking place in the present; (3) Job Control Scale (JCS) to assess the perceived control at work. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships between variables; the results showed that, between the different sources of stress, the organizational climate dimension was negatively associated with job satisfaction; moreover, mindfulness attention moderated the relationship between climate stress and job satisfaction; unexpectedly, the interaction between job control and the organizational climate dimension was not significant in affecting job satisfaction. This study can provide useful information for Human Resources Management (HRM) practices regarding job and mental control interventions and empowerment, and possibly offer a new interpretation of the role of attention to what is happening in the present moment and autonomy between climate stressors and occupational satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Diego Bellini
- Department of Business Economy, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Nicola Mucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea De Giorgio
- Faculty of Psychology, e-Campus University, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy; (A.D.G.); (M.B.)
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Wenzel M, Rowland Z, Kubiak T. How mindfulness shapes the situational use of emotion regulation strategies in daily life. Cogn Emot 2020; 34:1408-1422. [PMID: 32375595 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1758632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness is associated with a wide range of beneficial outcomes such as well-being. However, less is known about the mechanisms underlying these benefits. Some researchers suggest that the benefits could be driven by emotion regulation, either by improving the effectiveness of emotion regulation or by lessening the need for effortful emotion regulation. By using two longitudinal Ambulatory Assessment data sets (NStudy1 = 125, NStudy2 = 175), based on a six-week randomised controlled trial and a one-week study, we tested these competing notions in daily life and found support for the latter: Mindfulness, and especially its non-judgmental acceptance facet, was significantly associated with less use of emotion regulation strategies. However, mindfulness was not significantly associated with more effective emotion regulation strategy implementation. Moreover, the mindfulness training focusing on present-moment attention and awareness did not significantly influence emotion regulation. These findings demonstrate the importance of the non-judgmental acceptance component for emotion regulation and affective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Wenzel
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zarah Rowland
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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La Torre G, Raffone A, Peruzzo M, Calabrese L, Cocchiara RA, D’Egidio V, Leggieri PF, Dorelli B, Zaffina S, Mannocci A. Yoga and Mindfulness as a Tool for Influencing Affectivity, Anxiety, Mental Health, and Stress among Healthcare Workers: Results of a Single-Arm Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1037. [PMID: 32272758 PMCID: PMC7230658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions have emerged as unique approaches for addressing a range of clinical and subclinical difficulties such as stress, chronic pain, anxiety, or recurrent depression. Moreover, there is strong evidence about the positive effects of yoga practice on stress management and prevention of burnout among healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to conduct a single-arm clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of an intervention based on mindfulness-based stress reduction and yoga in improving healthcare workers' quality of life. Healthcare workers of two hospitals in Rome were enrolled in a 4-week yoga and mindfulness course. Four questionnaires were administered at different times (Short Form-12 (SF-12), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Y1 and Y2, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)) to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. Forty participants took part to the study (83.3 %). The Mental Composite Score-12, that is part of the quality of life assessment, passed from a median of 43.5 preintervention to 48.1 postintervention (p = 0.041), and the negative affect passed from a score of 16 in the preintervention to 10 in the postintervention (p < 0.001). Both the forms of the STAI questionnaires showed a decrease after the intervention. Yoga and mindfulness administered together seem to be effective to reduce stress and anxiety in healthcare workers, providing them with more consciousness and ability to manage work stressful demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Margherita Peruzzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Lucia Calabrese
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Rosario Andrea Cocchiara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Valeria D’Egidio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Pasquale Fabio Leggieri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Barbara Dorelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
| | - YOMIN Collaborative Group
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (R.A.C.); (V.D.); (P.F.L.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (Y.C.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (L.C.)
- Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
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Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W, Gasión V, Barceló-Soler A, Rojas L, Manrique A, Esteban R, García Campayo J. Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Workplace-Adapted Mindfulness-Based Programme to Reduce Stress in Workers at a Private Sector Logistics Company: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1643. [PMID: 32138362 PMCID: PMC7084587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of stress in the logistics sector owing to very demanding, fast-paced and unpredictable tasks. Mindfulness-based programmes may reduce stress but require considerable practice. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a shortened, workplace-adapted mindfulness-based programme for the logistics sector (WA-MBP-LS) for the purpose of reducing stress. A nonblinded, nonrandomised, two-arm controlled trial was conducted. The WA-MBP-LS (n = 32) consisted of six weekly 90-min mindfulness sessions. The control group (n = 36) attended a psycho-educational seminar. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) were measured at pretest, posttest and 6-month follow-up. Differences between groups were evaluated using mixed-effects models. Qualitative methods were used to analyse implementation issues. A 64.2% reduction was observed between initial volunteers and actual participants. Attrition at six-month follow-up was 45.6%. Participants attended a median of five sessions. Decreases in PSS favoured the WA-MBP-LS group at posttest and follow-up. FFMQ played a mediating role in PSS reductions. Barriers were disinterest, lack of programming, work overload and absences from work. Facilitators were curiosity, timing, company facilities and audio recordings. The WA-MBP-LS was feasible and effective in reducing stress, but more efforts to improve the practicalities of implementation are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (J.M.-M.); (W.K.)
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK; (J.M.-M.); (W.K.)
| | - Virginia Gasión
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lynda Rojas
- Mindfulness Consultant, Parenthesis Consultants, 050031 Medellin, Colombia;
| | - Ana Manrique
- Human Resources Department, Sese Group, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Rosa Esteban
- Human Resources Department, Sese Group, 50014 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Javier García Campayo
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Fabbro A, Fabbro F, Capurso V, D'Antoni F, Crescentini C. Effects of Mindfulness Training on School Teachers' Self-Reported Personality Traits As Well As Stress and Burnout Levels. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:515-532. [PMID: 32122249 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520908708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among a sample of only female school teachers, we compared a mindfulness meditation (MM) training group ( n = 19) with a waiting-list control group ( n = 20) on several participant-completed questionnaires: the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Big Five Personality Inventory, the Teacher Stress Inventory, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. With these measures, we assessed the participants’ dispositional mindfulness, personality styles, and their stress and burnout. Following mindfulness training, teachers in the MM group showed higher trait mindfulness and conscientiousness and lower neuroticism and stress and burnout levels than teachers in the waiting-list control group. These results support the beneficial role of MM in individuals’ effective management of stressful conditions in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Fabbro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Italy.,PERCRO Perceptual Robotics Laboratory, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio D'Antoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Italy
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Nadler R, Carswell JJ, Minda JP. Online Mindfulness Training Increases Well-Being, Trait Emotional Intelligence, and Workplace Competency Ratings: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2020; 11:255. [PMID: 32153468 PMCID: PMC7048000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized waitlist-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of an online 8-week mindfulness-based training program in a sample of adults employed fulltime at a Fortune 100 company in the United States. Baseline measures were collected in both intervention and control groups. Following training, the intervention group (N = 37) showed statistically significant increases in resilience and positive mood, and significant decreases in stress and negative mood. There were no reported improvements in the wait-list control group (N = 65). Trait mindfulness and emotional intelligence (EI) were also assessed. Following the intervention mindfulness intervention participants reported increases in trait mindfulness and increases on all trait EI facets with the exception of empathy. The control group did not report any positive changes in these variables, and reported reductions in resilience and increases in negative mood. Finally, both self and colleague ratings of workplace competencies were collected in the intervention group only and provided preliminary evidence that mindfulness training enhanced performance on key leadership competencies including competencies related to decisiveness and creativity. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of an online-based mindfulness training program for enhancing well-being, self-perceptions of emotional intelligence, and workplace performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Nadler
- SIGMA Assessment Systems, Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | | | - John Paul Minda
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Baas M, Nevicka B, Ten Velden FS. When paying attention pays off: the mindfulness skill act with awareness promotes creative idea generation in groups. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1727889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Baas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Nevicka
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke S. Ten Velden
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Heckenberg RA, Hale MW, Kent S, Wright BJ. Trait mindfulness and the Effort-Reward Imbalance workplace stress model: Higher trait mindfulness is associated with increased salivary immunoglobulin A. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mattes J. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Correlates of FFMQ Mindfulness Facets. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2684. [PMID: 31866899 PMCID: PMC6909938 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A number of meta-analyses of mindfulness have been performed, but few distinguished between different facets of mindfulness, despite it being known that facets of mindfulness behave differently in different populations; and most studied the outcome of interventions, which tend to involve additional ingredients besides mindfulness. Furthermore, there has recently been some concern regarding possible publication bias in mindfulness research. Objective: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship of different facets of mindfulness with various outcomes, taking into account possible moderators, and controlling for publication bias using a method appropriate given the substantial heterogeneity present. Methods: Random effects meta-analysis with a number of robustness checks and estimation of the possible impact of publication bias on the results. Included are all studies that report correlations of outcomes with all five FFMQ facets, in English, French, German, or Spanish. Study Registration: PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016041863. Results: For the designated primary measure (SWLS) estimated correlations were: 0.15 [0.07, 0.22] for the Observing facet, 0.31 [0.27, 0.36] for Describing, 0.35 [0.31, 0.38] for Acting-with-Awareness, 0.30 [0.10, 0.47] for Non-judging and 0.28 [0.18, 0.37] for Non-reacting. Grouping all desirable outcomes together, Describing has the highest zero-order (though not partial) correlation; Non-judging the highest effect on avoiding undesirable outcomes. Results seem to be reasonably robust even to severe publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Mattes
- Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Mindfulness-Based IARA Model ® Proves Effective to Reduce Stress and Anxiety in Health Care Professionals. A Six-Month Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224421. [PMID: 31718087 PMCID: PMC6888054 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the health care environment, together with specific work-related stressors and the consequences on workers’ health and performance, have led to the implementation of prevention strategies. Among the different approaches, those which are mindfulness-based have been institutionally recommended with an indication provided as to their effectiveness in the management of stress. The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of the mindfulness-based IARA Model® (an Italian acronym translatable into meeting, compliance, responsibility, autonomy) in order to ameliorate perceived stress, anxiety and enhance emotional regulation among health care professionals (HCPs; i.e., doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants). Four hundred and ninety-seven HCPs, 215 (57.2%) of which were women, were randomly assigned to a mindfulness-based training or control group and agreed to complete questionnaires on emotion regulation difficulties (DERS), anxiety, and perceived stress. Results showed that HCPs who attended the IARA training, compared to the control group, had better emotional regulation, anxiety and stress indices after 6 months from the end of the intervention. Furthermore, the results confirmed the positive relationship between emotional regulation, perceived stress and anxiety. The present study contributes to literature by extending the effectiveness of IARA in improving emotional regulation and well-being in non-clinical samples. Moreover, the study provides support for the idea that some specific emotional regulation processes can be implicated in perceived stress and anxiety. From the application point of view, companies should invest more in stress management intervention, monitoring and training, in order to develop worker skills, emotional self-awareness, and relational resources.
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