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Li S, Fernandez JJ, Ruehle MD, Howard-Till RA, Fabritius A, Pearson CG, Agard DA, Winey ME. The Structure of Cilium Inner Junctions Revealed by Electron Cryo-tomography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.09.612100. [PMID: 39314311 PMCID: PMC11419100 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.612100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The cilium is a microtubule-based organelle critical for many cellular functions. Its assembly initiates at a basal body and continues as an axoneme that projects out of the cell to form a functional cilium. This assembly process is tightly regulated. However, our knowledge of the molecular architecture and the mechanism of assembly is limited. By applying electron cryotomography and subtomogram averaging, we obtained subnanometer resolution structures of the inner junction in three distinct regions of the cilium: the proximal region of the basal body, the central core of the basal body, and the flagellar axoneme. The structures allowed us to identify several basal body and axoneme components. While a few proteins are distributed throughout the entire length of the organelle, many are restricted to particular regions of the cilium, forming intricate local interaction networks and bolstering local structural stability. Finally, by knocking out a critical basal body inner junction component Poc1, we found the triplet MT was destabilized, resulting in a defective structure. Surprisingly, several axoneme-specific components were found to "infiltrate" into the mutant basal body. Our findings provide molecular insight into cilium assembly at its inner Junctions, underscoring its precise spatial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jose-Jesus Fernandez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marisa D. Ruehle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel A. Howard-Till
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amy Fabritius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David A. Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Institute for Advanced Biological Imaging, Redwood Shores, CA, USA
| | - Mark E. Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Jaiswal A, Boring A, Mukherjee A, Avidor-Reiss T. Fly Fam161 is an essential centriole and cilium transition zone protein with unique and diverse cell type-specific localizations. Open Biol 2024; 14:240036. [PMID: 39255847 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 161 (Fam161) is an ancient family of microtubule-binding proteins located at the centriole and cilium transition zone (TZ) lumen that exhibit rapid evolution in mice. However, their adaptive role is unclear. Here, we used flies to gain insight into their cell type-specific adaptations. Fam161 is the sole orthologue of FAM161A and FAM161B found in flies. Mutating Fam161 results in reduced male reproduction and abnormal geotaxis behaviour. Fam161 localizes to sensory neuron centrioles and their specialized TZ (the connecting cilium) in a cell type-specific manner, sometimes labelling only the centrioles, sometimes labelling the centrioles and cilium TZ and sometimes labelling the TZ with varying lengths that are longer than other TZ proteins, defining a new ciliary compartment, the extra distal TZ. These findings suggest that Fam161 is an essential centriole and TZ protein with a unique cell type-specific localization in fruit flies that can produce cell type-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Andrew Boring
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Avik Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo , Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Ruehle MD, Li S, Agard DA, Pearson CG. Poc1 bridges basal body inner junctions to promote triplet microtubule integrity and connections. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311104. [PMID: 38743010 PMCID: PMC11094743 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) are conserved eukaryotic structures that organize cilia. They are comprised of nine, cylindrically arranged, triplet microtubules (TMTs) connected to each other by inter-TMT linkages which stabilize the structure. Poc1 is a conserved protein important for BB structural integrity in the face of ciliary forces transmitted to BBs. To understand how Poc1 confers BB stability, we identified the precise position of Poc1 in the Tetrahymena BB and the effect of Poc1 loss on BB structure. Poc1 binds at the TMT inner junctions, stabilizing TMTs directly. From this location, Poc1 also stabilizes inter-TMT linkages throughout the BB, including the cartwheel pinhead and the inner scaffold. The full localization of the inner scaffold protein Fam161A requires Poc1. As ciliary forces are increased, Fam161A is reduced, indicative of a force-dependent molecular remodeling of the inner scaffold. Thus, while not essential for BB assembly, Poc1 promotes BB interconnections that establish an architecture competent to resist ciliary forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D. Ruehle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sam Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A. Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Institute for Advanced Biological Imaging, Redwood Shores, CA, USA
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Laporte MH, Gambarotto D, Bertiaux É, Bournonville L, Louvel V, Nunes JM, Borgers S, Hamel V, Guichard P. Time-series reconstruction of the molecular architecture of human centriole assembly. Cell 2024; 187:2158-2174.e19. [PMID: 38604175 PMCID: PMC11060037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Centriole biogenesis, as in most organelle assemblies, involves the sequential recruitment of sub-structural elements that will support its function. To uncover this process, we correlated the spatial location of 24 centriolar proteins with structural features using expansion microscopy. A time-series reconstruction of protein distributions throughout human procentriole assembly unveiled the molecular architecture of the centriole biogenesis steps. We found that the process initiates with the formation of a naked cartwheel devoid of microtubules. Next, the bloom phase progresses with microtubule blade assembly, concomitantly with radial separation and rapid cartwheel growth. In the subsequent elongation phase, the tubulin backbone grows linearly with the recruitment of the A-C linker, followed by proteins of the inner scaffold (IS). By following six structural modules, we modeled 4D assembly of the human centriole. Collectively, this work provides a framework to investigate the spatial and temporal assembly of large macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Éloïse Bertiaux
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorène Bournonville
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Louvel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - José M Nunes
- University of Geneva, Department of Genetic and evolution, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Perge K, Capel E, Villanueva C, Gautheron J, Diallo S, Auclair M, Rondeau S, Morichon R, Brioude F, Jéru I, Rossi M, Nicolino M, Vigouroux C. Ciliopathy due to POC1A deficiency: clinical and metabolic features, and cellular modeling. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:151-164. [PMID: 38245004 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SOFT syndrome (MIM#614813), denoting Short stature, Onychodysplasia, Facial dysmorphism, and hypoTrichosis, is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A, encoding a centriolar protein. SOFT syndrome, characterized by severe growth failure of prenatal onset and dysmorphic features, was recently associated with insulin resistance. This study aims to further explore its endocrinological features and pathophysiological mechanisms. DESIGN/METHODS We present clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of 2 unrelated patients carrying biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. Cellular models of the disease were generated using patients' fibroblasts and POC1A-deleted human adipose stem cells. RESULTS Both patients present with clinical features of SOFT syndrome, along with hyperinsulinemia, diabetes or glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, and central fat distribution. They also display resistance to the effects of IGF-1. Cellular studies show that the lack of POC1A protein expression impairs ciliogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, induces cellular senescence, and leads to resistance to insulin and IGF-1. An altered subcellular localization of insulin receptors and, to a lesser extent, IGF1 receptors could also contribute to resistance to insulin and IGF1. CONCLUSIONS Severe growth retardation, IGF-1 resistance, and centripetal fat repartition associated with insulin resistance-related metabolic abnormalities should be considered as typical features of SOFT syndrome caused by biallelic POC1A null variants. Adipocyte dysfunction and cellular senescence likely contribute to the metabolic consequences of POC1A deficiency. SOFT syndrome should be included within the group of monogenic ciliopathies with metabolic and adipose tissue involvement, which already encompasses Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Carine Villanueva
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Safiatou Diallo
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris F75015, France
| | - Romain Morichon
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Cytometry and Imagery platform Saint-Antoine (CISA), Inserm UMS30 Lumic, Paris F75012, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Massimiliamo Rossi
- Genetics Department, Referral Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F69500, France
- UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS, GENDEV Team, Bron F69500, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris F75012, France
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Alzahem TA, AlTheeb A, Ba-Abbad R. Phenotypic and genotypic features of POC1B-associated cone dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:72-77. [PMID: 37246743 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with cone dystrophy (CD) can present with virtually normal retinal appearance, which may delay diagnosis. This study describes the inconspicuous clinical features of POC1B-associated CD in two Saudi families. METHODS This is a retrospective case study. Clinical data analyzed included multimodal retinal imaging and electroretinography of the affected individuals. Genetic analysis was done for all probands. RESULTS Three affected males from two Saudi families with POC1B-associated CD were included. The ages at presentation ranged from 18 to 34 years. Ophthalmic examination showed decreased Snellen visual acuities (range: 20/100-20/300) and color vision bilaterally. Fundus examination showed only mild vascular attenuation. Macular optical coherence tomography showed reduced reflectivity of the external limiting membrane, ellipsoid, and interdigitation zones. Full-field electroretinography demonstrated undetectable light-adapted responses and normal dark-adapted responses in all patients. Next-generation sequencing showed one proband to be homozygous for a previously unpublished nonsense variant in POC1B (NM_172240):c.672C>G; p(Tyr224*). Whole exome sequencing for the second proband showed a novel homozygous frameshifting variant in POC1B: c.991del; p(Arg331Glufs*13). CONCLUSION We described two novel variants in POC1B and the associated subtle, yet significant retinal features. POC1B-associated CD is a rare cause of visual loss in patients with relatively normal fundus appearance. Deep phenotyping is necessary in formulating appropriate differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Alzahem
- Ocular Genetics Service, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ophthalmology Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab AlTheeb
- Ocular Genetics Service, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Ba-Abbad
- Ocular Genetics Service, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Subbiah A, Caswell DL, Turner K, Jaiswal A, Avidor-Reiss T. CP110 and CEP135 Localize Near the Proximal Centriolar Remnants of Mice Spermatozoa. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001083. [PMID: 38351906 PMCID: PMC10862134 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Centrioles form centrosomes that organize microtubules, assist in cell structure, and nucleate cilia that provide motility and sensation. Within the sperm, the centrosome consists of two centrioles (proximal and distal centriole) and a pericentriolar material known as the striated column and capitulum. The distal centriole nucleates the flagellum. Mice spermatozoa, unlike other mammal spermatozoa (e.g., human and bovine), have no ultra-structurally recognizable centrioles, but their neck has the centriolar proteins POC1B and FAM161A, suggesting mice spermatozoa have remnant centrioles. Here, we examine whether other centriolar proteins, CP110 and CEP135, found in the human and bovine spermatozoa centrioles are also found in the mouse spermatozoa neck. CP110 is a tip protein controlling ciliogenesis, and CEP135 is a centriole-specific structural protein in the centriole base of canonical centrioles found in most cell types. Here, we report that CP110 and CEP135 were both located in the mice spermatozoa neck around the proximal centriolar remnants labeled by POC1B, increasing the number of centriolar proteins found in the mice spermatozoa neck, further supporting the hypothesis that a remnant proximal centriole is present in mice.
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Arslanhan MD, Cengiz-Emek S, Odabasi E, Steib E, Hamel V, Guichard P, Firat-Karalar EN. CCDC15 localizes to the centriole inner scaffold and controls centriole length and integrity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202305009. [PMID: 37934472 PMCID: PMC10630097 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202305009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles responsible for forming centrosomes and cilia, which serve as microtubule-organizing, signaling, and motility centers. Biogenesis and maintenance of centrioles with proper number, size, and architecture are vital for their functions during development and physiology. While centriole number control has been well-studied, less is understood about their maintenance as stable structures with conserved size and architecture during cell division and ciliary motility. Here, we identified CCDC15 as a centriole protein that colocalizes with and interacts with the inner scaffold, a crucial centriolar subcompartment for centriole size control and integrity. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we found that CCDC15 depletion affects centriole length and integrity, leading to defective cilium formation, maintenance, and response to Hedgehog signaling. Moreover, loss-of-function experiments showed CCDC15's role in recruiting both the inner scaffold protein POC1B and the distal SFI1/Centrin-2 complex to centrioles. Our findings reveal players and mechanisms of centriole architectural integrity and insights into diseases linked to centriolar defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis D. Arslanhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Cengiz-Emek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Odabasi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emmanuelle Steib
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Virginie Hamel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elif Nur Firat-Karalar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ruehle MD, Li S, Agard DA, Pearson CG. Poc1 is a basal body inner junction protein that promotes triplet microtubule integrity and interconnections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567593. [PMID: 38014135 PMCID: PMC10680851 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) are conserved eukaryotic structures that organize motile and primary cilia. The BB is comprised of nine, cylindrically arranged, triplet microtubules (TMTs) that are connected to each other by inter-TMT linkages which maintain BB structure. During ciliary beating, forces transmitted to the BB must be resisted to prevent BB disassembly. Poc1 is a conserved BB protein important for BBs to resist ciliary forces. To understand how Poc1 confers BB stability, we identified the precise position of Poc1 binding in the Tetrahymena BB and the effect of Poc1 loss on BB structure. Poc1 binds at the TMT inner junctions, stabilizing TMTs directly. From this location, Poc1 also stabilizes inter-TMT linkages throughout the BB, including the cartwheel pinhead and the inner scaffold. Moreover, we identify a molecular response to ciliary forces via a molecular remodeling of the inner scaffold, as determined by differences in Fam161A localization. Thus, while not essential for BB assembly, Poc1 promotes BB interconnections that establish an architecture competent to resist ciliary forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D. Ruehle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sam Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A. Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Institute for Advanced Biological Imaging, 3400 Bridge Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA, USA
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Kalbfuss N, Gönczy P. Towards understanding centriole elimination. Open Biol 2023; 13:230222. [PMID: 37963546 PMCID: PMC10645514 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are microtubule-based structures crucial for forming flagella, cilia and centrosomes. Through these roles, centrioles are critical notably for proper cell motility, signalling and division. Recent years have advanced significantly our understanding of the mechanisms governing centriole assembly and architecture. Although centrioles are typically very stable organelles, persisting over many cell cycles, they can also be eliminated in some cases. Here, we review instances of centriole elimination in a range of species and cell types. Moreover, we discuss potential mechanisms that enable the switch from a stable organelle to a vanishing one. Further work is expected to provide novel insights into centriole elimination mechanisms in health and disease, thereby also enabling scientists to readily manipulate organelle fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kalbfuss
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Clinical-genetic findings in a group of subjects with macular dystrophies due to mutations in rare inherited retinopathy genes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:353-365. [PMID: 35947183 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the results of clinical and molecular analyses in a group of patients suffering from inherited macular dystrophies, in which next-generation sequencing (NGS) efficiently detected rare causative mutations. METHODS A total of eight unrelated Mexican subjects with a clinical and multimodal imaging diagnosis of macular dystrophy were included. Visual assessment methods included best corrected visual acuity, color fundus photography, Goldmann visual field tests, kinetic perimetry, dark/light adapted chromatic perimetry, full-field electroretinography, autofluorescence imaging, and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography imaging. Genetic screening was performed by means of whole exome sequencing with subsequent Sanger sequencing validation of causal variants. RESULTS All patients exhibited a predominantly macular or cone-dominant disease. Patients' ages ranged from 12 to 60 years. Three cases had mutations in genes associated with autosomal dominant inheritance (UNC119 and PRPH2) while the remaining five cases had mutations in genes associated with autosomal recessive inheritance (CNGA3, POC1B, BEST1, CYP2U1, and PROM1). Of the total of 11 different pathogenic alleles identified, three were previously unreported disease-causing variants. CONCLUSIONS Macular dystrophies can be caused by defects in genes that are not routinely analyzed or not included in NGS gene panels. In this group of patients, whole exome sequencing efficiently detected rare genetic causes of hereditary maculopathies, and our findings contribute to expanding the current knowledge of the clinical and mutational spectrum associated with these disorders.
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12
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Junker AD, Woodhams LG, Soh AWJ, O’Toole ET, Bayly PV, Pearson CG. Basal bodies bend in response to ciliary forces. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar146. [PMID: 36287828 PMCID: PMC9727800 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-10-0468-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia beat with an asymmetric waveform consisting of a power stroke that generates a propulsive force and a recovery stroke that returns the cilium back to the start. Cilia are anchored to the cell cortex by basal bodies (BBs) that are directly coupled to the ciliary doublet microtubules (MTs). We find that, consistent with ciliary forces imposing on BBs, bending patterns in BB triplet MTs are responsive to ciliary beating. BB bending varies as environmental conditions change the ciliary waveform. Bending occurs where striated fibers (SFs) attach to BBs and mutants with short SFs that fail to connect to adjacent BBs exhibit abnormal BB bending, supporting a model in which SFs couple ciliary forces between BBs. Finally, loss of the BB stability protein Poc1, which helps interconnect BB triplet MTs, prevents the normal distributed BB and ciliary bending patterns. Collectively, BBs experience ciliary forces and manage mechanical coupling of these forces to their surrounding cellular architecture for normal ciliary beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Junker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Louis G. Woodhams
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Adam W. J. Soh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eileen T. O’Toole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Philip V. Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,*Address correspondence to: Chad G. Pearson ()
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13
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Yanık Ö, Batıoğlu F, Sahin Y, Demirel S, Özmert E. Seroreactivity against retinal proteins in a case of POC1B gene associated cone dystrophy with normal funduscopic appearance: a systematic approach to diagnosis. Ophthalmic Genet 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36094084 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of cone dystrophy, associated with autosomal recessive homozygote POC1B gene variant, mimicking autoimmune retinopathy. CASE A 45-year-old female presented with a complaint of decreased vision in both eyes. Her best corrected visual acuity was 20/32 in the right eye and 20/50 in the left eye. Anterior segment and dilated fundus examinations were unremarkable. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed a subfoveal blurred dome-shaped ellipsoid zone and an extinguished interdigitation zone affecting the entire macula. Full field electroretinography revealed reduced cone responses. The differential diagnosis included inflammatory chorioretinopathies, autoimmune retinopathies (paraneoplastic or nonparaneoplastic), and hereditary retinal dystrophies. No remarkable finding was observed on combined fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies. Paraneoplastic autoimmune antibody panel revealed nothing; however, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase M2, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase antibodies were positive on autoimmune retinopathy panel. To exclude hereditary retinal dystrophies, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied. WES identified an autosomal recessive homozygote POC1B gene variant (c.680A>G, p.His227Arg). Cone dystrophy diagnosis was given. CONCLUSION Cone dystrophy associated with POC1B gene variant may present without visible fundus abnormalities. It should be kept in mind that retinal autoantibodies may be positive in such a hereditary dystrophy case due to long-term exposure of the immune system to self-antigens. Therefore, autoimmune retinopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and should not be diagnosed until all other causes, including hereditary dystrophies, have been ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yanık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Batıoğlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Demirel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emin Özmert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Soh AWJ, Pearson CG. Ciliate cortical organization and dynamics for cell motility: Comparing ciliates and vertebrates. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12880. [PMID: 34897878 PMCID: PMC9188629 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The generation of efficient fluid flow is crucial for organismal development and homeostasis, sexual reproduction, and motility. Multi-ciliated cells possess fields of motile cilia that beat in synchrony to propel fluid. Ciliary arrays are remarkably conserved in their organization and function. Ciliates have polarized multi-ciliary arrays (MCAs) to promote fluid flow for cell motility. The ciliate cortex is decorated with hundreds of basal bodies (BB) forming linear rows along the cell's anterior-posterior axis. BBs scaffold and position cilia to form the organized ciliary array. Nascent BBs assemble at the base of BBs. As nascent BBs mature, they integrate into the cortical BB and cytoskeletal network and nucleate their own cilium. The organization of MCAs is balanced between cortical stability and cortical dynamism. The cortical cytoskeletal network both establishes and maintains a stable organization of the MCA in the face of mechanical forces exerted by ciliary beating. At the same time, MCA organization is plastic, such that it remodels for optimal ciliary mobility during development and in response to environmental conditions. Such plasticity promotes effective feeding and ecological behavior required for these organisms. Together, these properties allow an organism to effectively sense, adapt to, and move through its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. J. Soh
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
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15
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Sperm centriole assessment identifies male factor infertility in couples with unexplained infertility – a pilot study. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Vásquez-Limeta A, Lukasik K, Kong D, Sullenberger C, Luvsanjav D, Sahabandu N, Chari R, Loncarek J. CPAP insufficiency leads to incomplete centrioles that duplicate but fragment. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213119. [PMID: 35404385 PMCID: PMC9007748 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are structures that assemble centrosomes. CPAP is critical for centrosome assembly, and its mutations are found in patients with diseases such as primary microcephaly. CPAP’s centrosomal localization, its dynamics, and the consequences of its insufficiency in human cells are poorly understood. Here we use human cells genetically engineered for fast degradation of CPAP, in combination with superresolution microscopy, to address these uncertainties. We show that three independent centrosomal CPAP populations are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle. We confirm that CPAP is critical for assembly of human centrioles, but not for recruitment of pericentriolar material on already assembled centrioles. Further, we reveal that CPAP insufficiency leads to centrioles with incomplete microtubule triplets that can convert to centrosomes, duplicate, and form mitotic spindle poles, but fragment owing to loss of cohesion between microtubule blades. These findings further our basic understanding of the role of CPAP in centrosome biogenesis and help understand how CPAP aberrations can lead to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vásquez-Limeta
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kimberly Lukasik
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Catherine Sullenberger
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Delgermaa Luvsanjav
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Natalie Sahabandu
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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17
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Mericq V, Huang-Doran I, Al-Naqeb D, Basaure J, Castiglioni C, de Bruin C, Hendriks Y, Bertini E, Alkuraya FS, Losekoot M, Al-Rubeaan K, Semple RK, Wit JM. Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:543-552. [PMID: 35234134 PMCID: PMC9010808 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of three unrelated cases from Chile, Portugal, and Saudi Arabia with severe insulin resistance, SOFT syndrome, and biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Probands' phenotypes, including short stature, dysmorphism, and insulin resistance, were compared with previous reports. RESULTS Cases 1 (female) and 3 (male) were homozygous for known pathogenic POC1A variants: c.649C>T, p.(Arg217Trp) and c.241C>T, p.(Arg81*), respectively. Case 2 (male) was compound heterozygous for p.(Arg217Trp) variant and the rare missense variant c.370G>A, p.(Asp124Asn). All three cases exhibited severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL, and fatty liver, resembling three previously reported cases. All three also reported severe muscle cramps. Aggregate analysis of the six known cases with biallelic POC1A variants and insulin resistance showed decreased birth weight and length mean (s.d.): -2.8 (0.9) and -3.7 (0.9) SDS, respectively), severe short stature mean (s.d.) height: -4.9 (1.7) SDS) and moderate microcephaly (mean occipitofrontal circumference -3.0 (range: -4.7 to -1.2)). These findings were similar to those reported for patients with SOFT syndrome without insulin resistance. Muscle biopsy in Case 3 showed features of muscle involvement secondary to a neuropathic process. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SOFT syndrome can develop severe dyslipidaemic insulin resistance, independent of the exonic position of the POC1A variant. They also can develop severe muscle cramps. After diagnosis, patients should be regularly screened for insulin resistance and muscle complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dhekra Al-Naqeb
- Department of Medicine, Medical Genetic Clinic, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- Research and Scientific Centre Director, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert K Semple
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Jan M Wit
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Bouhouche K, Valentine MS, Le Borgne P, Lemullois M, Yano J, Lodh S, Nabi A, Tassin AM, Van Houten JL. Paramecium, a Model to Study Ciliary Beating and Ciliogenesis: Insights From Cutting-Edge Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:847908. [PMID: 35359441 PMCID: PMC8964087 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.847908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are ubiquitous and highly conserved extensions that endow the cell with motility and sensory functions. They were present in the first eukaryotes and conserved throughout evolution (Carvalho-Santos et al., 2011). Paramecium has around 4,000 motile cilia on its surface arranged in longitudinal rows, beating in waves to ensure movement and feeding. As with cilia in other model organisms, direction and speed of Paramecium ciliary beating is under bioelectric control of ciliary ion channels. In multiciliated cells of metazoans as well as paramecia, the cilia become physically entrained to beat in metachronal waves. This ciliated organism, Paramecium, is an attractive model for multidisciplinary approaches to dissect the location, structure and function of ciliary ion channels and other proteins involved in ciliary beating. Swimming behavior also can be a read-out of the role of cilia in sensory signal transduction. A cilium emanates from a BB, structurally equivalent to the centriole anchored at the cell surface, and elongates an axoneme composed of microtubule doublets enclosed in a ciliary membrane contiguous with the plasma membrane. The connection between the BB and the axoneme constitutes the transition zone, which serves as a diffusion barrier between the intracellular space and the cilium, defining the ciliary compartment. Human pathologies affecting cilia structure or function, are called ciliopathies, which are caused by gene mutations. For that reason, the molecular mechanisms and structural aspects of cilia assembly and function are actively studied using a variety of model systems, ranging from unicellular organisms to metazoa. In this review, we will highlight the use of Paramecium as a model to decipher ciliary beating mechanisms as well as high resolution insights into BB structure and anchoring. We will show that study of cilia in Paramecium promotes our understanding of cilia formation and function. In addition, we demonstrate that Paramecium could be a useful tool to validate candidate genes for ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bouhouche
- CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - P. Le Borgne
- CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Lemullois
- CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. Yano
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - S. Lodh
- Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - A. Nabi
- Luminex, Austin, TX, United States
| | - A. M. Tassin
- CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. L. Van Houten
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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19
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Schweizer N, Haren L, Dutto I, Viais R, Lacasa C, Merdes A, Lüders J. Sub-centrosomal mapping identifies augmin-γTuRC as part of a centriole-stabilizing scaffold. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6042. [PMID: 34654813 PMCID: PMC8519919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Centriole biogenesis and maintenance are crucial for cells to generate cilia and assemble centrosomes that function as microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). Centriole biogenesis and MTOC function both require the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC). It is widely accepted that γTuRC nucleates microtubules from the pericentriolar material that is associated with the proximal part of centrioles. However, γTuRC also localizes more distally and in the centriole lumen, but the significance of these findings is unclear. Here we identify spatially and functionally distinct subpopulations of centrosomal γTuRC. Luminal localization is mediated by augmin, which is linked to the centriole inner scaffold through POC5. Disruption of luminal localization impairs centriole integrity and interferes with cilium assembly. Defective ciliogenesis is also observed in γTuRC mutant fibroblasts from a patient suffering from microcephaly with chorioretinopathy. These results identify a non-canonical role of augmin-γTuRC in the centriole lumen that is linked to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schweizer
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurence Haren
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilaria Dutto
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Viais
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lacasa
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Merdes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Jens Lüders
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Gomes Pereira S, Sousa AL, Nabais C, Paixão T, Holmes AJ, Schorb M, Goshima G, Tranfield EM, Becker JD, Bettencourt-Dias M. The 3D architecture and molecular foundations of de novo centriole assembly via bicentrioles. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4340-4353.e7. [PMID: 34433076 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.21.423647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles are structurally conserved organelles, composing both centrosomes and cilia. In animal cycling cells, centrioles often form through a highly characterized process termed canonical duplication. However, a large diversity of eukaryotes assemble centrioles de novo through uncharacterized pathways. This unexplored diversity is key to understanding centriole assembly mechanisms and how they evolved to assist specific cellular functions. Here, we show that, during spermatogenesis of the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens, centrioles are born as a co-axially oriented centriole pair united by a cartwheel. Interestingly, we observe that these centrioles are twisted in opposite orientations. Microtubules emanate from the bicentrioles, which localize to the spindle poles during cell division. After their separation, the two resulting sister centrioles mature asymmetrically, elongating specific microtubule triplets and a naked cartwheel. Subsequently, two motile cilia are assembled that appear to alternate between different motility patterns. We further show that centriolar components SAS6, Bld10, and POC1, which are conserved across eukaryotes, are expressed during spermatogenesis and required for this de novo biogenesis pathway. Our work supports a scenario where centriole biogenesis, while driven by conserved molecular modules, is more diverse than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Gomes Pereira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Ana Laura Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nabais
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Paixão
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexander J Holmes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Martin Schorb
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, 429-63, Toba 517-0004, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Erin M Tranfield
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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21
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The Cilioprotist Cytoskeleton , a Model for Understanding How Cell Architecture and Pattern Are Specified: Recent Discoveries from Ciliates and Comparable Model Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2364:251-295. [PMID: 34542858 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletons of eukaryotic, cilioprotist microorganisms are complex, highly patterned, and diverse, reflecting the varied and elaborate swimming, feeding, reproductive, and sensory behaviors of the multitude of cilioprotist species that inhabit the aquatic environment. In the past 10-20 years, many new discoveries and technologies have helped to advance our understanding of how cytoskeletal organelles are assembled in many different eukaryotic model systems, in relation to the construction and modification of overall cellular architecture and function. Microtubule organizing centers, particularly basal bodies and centrioles, have continued to reveal their central roles in architectural engineering of the eukaryotic cell, including in the cilioprotists. This review calls attention to (1) published resources that illuminate what is known of the cilioprotist cytoskeleton; (2) recent studies on cilioprotists and other model organisms that raise specific questions regarding whether basal body- and centriole-associated nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA, should continue to be considered when seeking to employ cilioprotists as model systems for cytoskeletal research; and (3) new, mainly imaging, technologies that have already proven useful for, but also promise to enhance, future cytoskeletal research on cilioprotists.
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22
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Plastic cell morphology changes during dispersal. iScience 2021; 24:102915. [PMID: 34430806 PMCID: PMC8367785 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is the movement of organisms from one habitat to another that potentially results in gene flow. It is often plastic, allowing organisms to adjust dispersal movements depending on environmental conditions. A fundamental aim in ecology is to understand the determinants underlying dispersal and its plasticity. We utilized 22 strains of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila to determine if different phenotypic dispersal strategies co-exist within a species and which mechanisms underlie this variability. We quantified the cell morphologies impacting cell motility and dispersal. Distinct differences in innate cellular morphology and dispersal rates were detected, but no universally utilized combinations of morphological parameters correlate with dispersal. Rather, multiple distinct and plastic morphological changes impact cilia-dependent motility during dispersal, especially in proficient dispersing strains facing challenging environmental conditions. Combining ecology and cell biology experiments, we show that dispersal can be promoted through plastic motility-associated changes to cell morphology and motile cilia.
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23
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Khanal S, Leung MR, Royfman A, Fishman EL, Saltzman B, Bloomfield-Gadêlha H, Zeev-Ben-Mordehai T, Avidor-Reiss T. A dynamic basal complex modulates mammalian sperm movement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3808. [PMID: 34155206 PMCID: PMC8217517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive success depends on efficient sperm movement driven by axonemal dynein-mediated microtubule sliding. Models predict sliding at the base of the tail - the centriole - but such sliding has never been observed. Centrioles are ancient organelles with a conserved architecture; their rigidity is thought to restrict microtubule sliding. Here, we show that, in mammalian sperm, the atypical distal centriole (DC) and its surrounding atypical pericentriolar matrix form a dynamic basal complex (DBC) that facilitates a cascade of internal sliding deformations, coupling tail beating with asymmetric head kinking. During asymmetric tail beating, the DC's right side and its surroundings slide ~300 nm rostrally relative to the left side. The deformation throughout the DBC is transmitted to the head-tail junction; thus, the head tilts to the left, generating a kinking motion. These findings suggest that the DBC evolved as a dynamic linker coupling sperm head and tail into a single self-coordinated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Miguel Ricardo Leung
- The Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abigail Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hermes Bloomfield-Gadêlha
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai
- The Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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24
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Turner KA, Fishman EL, Asadullah M, Ott B, Dusza P, Shah TA, Sindhwani P, Nadiminty N, Molinari E, Patrizio P, Saltzman BS, Avidor-Reiss T. Fluorescence-Based Ratiometric Analysis of Sperm Centrioles (FRAC) Finds Patient Age and Sperm Morphology Are Associated With Centriole Quality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658891. [PMID: 33968935 PMCID: PMC8100587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of infertility and miscarriage causes are unknown. One potential cause is a defective sperm centriole, a subcellular structure essential for sperm motility and embryonic development. Yet, the extent to which centriolar maladies contribute to male infertility is unknown due to the lack of a convenient way to assess centriole quality. We developed a robust, location-based, ratiometric assay to overcome this roadblock, the Fluorescence-based Ratiometric Assessment of Centrioles (FRAC). We performed a case series study with semen samples from 33 patients, separated using differential gradient centrifugation into higher-grade (pellet) and lower-grade (interface) sperm fractions. Using a reference population of higher-grade sperm from infertile men with morphologically standard sperm, we found that 79% of higher-grade sperm of infertile men with substandard sperm morphology have suboptimal centrioles (P = 0.0005). Moreover, tubulin labeling of the sperm distal centriole correlates negatively with age (P = 0.004, R = -0.66). These findings suggest that FRAC is a sensitive method and that patient age and sperm morphology are associated with centriole quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina A. Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emily L. Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Mariam Asadullah
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Brooke Ott
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Patrick Dusza
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Nagalakshmi Nadiminty
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emanuela Molinari
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasquale Patrizio
- Yale Fertility Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara S. Saltzman
- School of Population Health, College of Health and Human Services, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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25
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Zebrafish Models of Autosomal Recessive Ataxias. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040836. [PMID: 33917666 PMCID: PMC8068028 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive ataxias are much less well studied than autosomal dominant ataxias and there are no clearly defined systems to classify them. Autosomal recessive ataxias, which are characterized by neuronal and multisystemic features, have significant overlapping symptoms with other complex multisystemic recessive disorders. The generation of animal models of neurodegenerative disorders increases our knowledge of their cellular and molecular mechanisms and helps in the search for new therapies. Among animal models, the zebrafish, which shares 70% of its genome with humans, offer the advantages of being small in size and demonstrating rapid development, making them optimal for high throughput drug and genetic screening. Furthermore, embryo and larval transparency allows to visualize cellular processes and central nervous system development in vivo. In this review, we discuss the contributions of zebrafish models to the study of autosomal recessive ataxias characteristic phenotypes, behavior, and gene function, in addition to commenting on possible treatments found in these models. Most of the zebrafish models generated to date recapitulate the main features of recessive ataxias.
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26
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Ruehle MD, Stemm-Wolf AJ, Pearson CG. Sas4 links basal bodies to cell division via Hippo signaling. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151794. [PMID: 32435796 PMCID: PMC7401811 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) are macromolecular complexes required for the formation and cortical positioning of cilia. Both BB assembly and DNA replication are tightly coordinated with the cell cycle to ensure their accurate segregation and propagation to daughter cells, but the mechanisms ensuring coordination are unclear. The Tetrahymena Sas4/CPAP protein is enriched at assembling BBs, localizing to the core BB structure and to the base of BB-appendage microtubules and striated fiber. Sas4 is necessary for BB assembly and cortical microtubule organization, and Sas4 loss disrupts cell division furrow positioning and DNA segregation. The Hippo signaling pathway is known to regulate cell division furrow position, and Hippo molecules localize to BBs and BB-appendages. We find that Sas4 loss disrupts localization of the Hippo activator, Mob1, suggesting that Sas4 mediates Hippo activity by promoting scaffolds for Mob1 localization to the cell cortex. Thus, Sas4 links BBs with an ancient signaling pathway known to promote the accurate and symmetric segregation of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Ruehle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexander J Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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27
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Peturson AMC, Noel NCL, MacDonald IM. A homozygous POC1B variant causes recessive cone-rod dystrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:349-353. [PMID: 33657974 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1894460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To report a case of initial cone dystrophy that advanced to a cone-rod dystrophy with homozygous variants in the POC1B gene.Methods: Retinal structure and visual function assessments were performed using fundoscopy, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, full field electroretinography, semi-kinetic perimetry, and Ishihara plate testing. A DNA sample was collected and sent for diagnostic molecular genetic testing with a cone-rod dystrophy panel.Results: Clinical examination and electroretinography confirmed a clinical diagnosis of cone dystrophy. Molecular genetic testing revealed homozygous variants in POC1B (c.1355 G > A, p.(Arg452Gln)). Follow-up three years later showed progression to a cone-rod dystrophy.Conclusion: Our case describes an ophthalmological phenotype associated with a homozygous POC1B missense variant and provides clinical support for variant classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie C Peturson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole C L Noel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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28
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Linn E, Ghanem L, Bhakta H, Greer C, Avella M. Genes Regulating Spermatogenesis and Sperm Function Associated With Rare Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634536. [PMID: 33665191 PMCID: PMC7921155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a cell differentiation process that ensures the production of fertilizing sperm, which ultimately fuse with an egg to form a zygote. Normal spermatogenesis relies on Sertoli cells, which preserve cell junctions while providing nutrients for mitosis and meiosis of male germ cells. Several genes regulate normal spermatogenesis, some of which are not exclusively expressed in the testis and control multiple physiological processes in an organism. Loss-of-function mutations in some of these genes result in spermatogenesis and sperm functionality defects, potentially leading to the insurgence of rare genetic disorders. To identify genetic intersections between spermatogenesis and rare diseases, we screened public archives of human genetic conditions available on the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and the Clinical Variant (ClinVar), and after an extensive literature search, we identified 22 distinct genes associated with 21 rare genetic conditions and defective spermatogenesis or sperm function. These protein-coding genes regulate Sertoli cell development and function during spermatogenesis, checkpoint signaling pathways at meiosis, cellular organization and shape definition during spermiogenesis, sperm motility, and capacitation at fertilization. A number of these genes regulate folliculogenesis and oogenesis as well. For each gene, we review the genotype–phenotype association together with associative or causative polymorphisms in humans, and provide a description of the shared molecular mechanisms that regulate gametogenesis and fertilization obtained in transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Linn
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Lillian Ghanem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Hanisha Bhakta
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Cory Greer
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Matteo Avella
- Department of Biological Science, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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29
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Avidor-Reiss T, Carr A, Fishman EL. The sperm centrioles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110987. [PMID: 32810575 PMCID: PMC7606549 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are eukaryotic subcellular structures that produce and regulate massive cytoskeleton superstructures. They form centrosomes and cilia, regulate new centriole formation, anchor cilia to the cell, and regulate cilia function. These basic centriolar functions are executed in sperm cells during their amplification from spermatogonial stem cells during their differentiation to spermatozoa, and finally, after fertilization, when the sperm fuses with the egg. However, sperm centrioles exhibit many unique characteristics not commonly observed in other cell types, including structural remodeling, centriole-flagellum transition zone migration, and cell membrane association during meiosis. Here, we discuss five roles of sperm centrioles: orchestrating early spermatogenic cell divisions, forming the spermatozoon flagella, linking the spermatozoon head and tail, controlling sperm tail beating, and organizing the cytoskeleton of the zygote post-fertilization. We present the historic discovery of the centriole as a sperm factor that initiates embryogenesis, and recent genetic studies in humans and other mammals evaluating the current evidence for the five functions of sperm centrioles. We also examine information connecting the various sperm centriole functions to distinct clinical phenotypes. The emerging picture is that centrioles are essential sperm components with remarkable functional diversity and specialization that will require extensive and in-depth future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Alexa Carr
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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30
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Guo M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Increased WD40 motifs in Planctomycete bacteria and their evolutionary relevance. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 155:107018. [PMID: 33242584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Species of the family Planctomycetes have a complex intracellular structure, which is distinct from that of the majority of non-Planctomycetes bacteria. At present, genomic evidence of the evolution of intracellular complexity is lacking, cognitions of Planctomycetes's intracellular structure mainly rely on electron microscope observation. As the presence of WD40 motifs in eukaryotic proteins probably links to intracellular complexity, bioinformatic studies were conducted to detect and enumerate WD40 motifs, WD40 domains, and WD40 motif-bearing proteins in the genomes of 11 Planctomycetes species, 2775 non-Planctomycetes bacteria, and 63 representative eukaryotes. Compared to non-Planctomycetes bacteria (average 5 WD40 motifs and 1 WD40 motif-bearing protein per genome), a large increase in the number of WD40 motifs in Planctomycetes species (average 116 WD40 motifs and 26 WD40 motif-bearing proteins per genome) was observed. However, the average number of WD40 motifs in Planctomycetes species was significantly lower than that of eukaryotes (average 584 WD40 motifs and 193 WD40 motif-bearing proteins per genome). The number of WD40 motif-bearing proteins was found to correlate with genome size and gene number. Most WD40 motif-bearing proteins of Planctomycetes species belonged to the categories of 'ribosome assembly protein 4' and 'eukaryotic-like serine/threonine protein kinase.' Collinearity analysis of amino acid compositions of Planctomycetes and eukaryotic WD40 motifs revealed that the sequences of the four anti-parallel β-sheets of WD40 motifs were conserved. However, a number of Planctomycetes WD40 motifs had increased size of the interval region of β-sheets D and A. Taken together, results of this study suggest a positive correlation between the number of WD40 motif-bearing proteins and the evolution of Planctomycetes species toward a complex intracellular structure similar to that of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libiao Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Principal Postulates of Centrosomal Biology. Version 2020. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102156. [PMID: 32987651 PMCID: PMC7598677 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome, which consists of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material, is a unique structure that has retained its main features in organisms of various taxonomic groups from unicellular algae to mammals over one billion years of evolution. In addition to the most noticeable function of organizing the microtubule system in mitosis and interphase, the centrosome performs many other cell functions. In particular, centrioles are the basis for the formation of sensitive primary cilia and motile cilia and flagella. Another principal function of centrosomes is the concentration in one place of regulatory proteins responsible for the cell's progression along the cell cycle. Despite the existing exceptions, the functioning of the centrosome is subject to general principles, which are discussed in this review.
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32
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Steib E, Laporte MH, Gambarotto D, Olieric N, Zheng C, Borgers S, Olieric V, Le Guennec M, Koll F, Tassin AM, Steinmetz MO, Guichard P, Hamel V. WDR90 is a centriolar microtubule wall protein important for centriole architecture integrity. eLife 2020; 9:57205. [PMID: 32946374 PMCID: PMC7500955 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are characterized by a nine-fold arrangement of microtubule triplets held together by an inner protein scaffold. These structurally robust organelles experience strenuous cellular processes such as cell division or ciliary beating while performing their function. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stability of microtubule triplets, as well as centriole architectural integrity remain poorly understood. Here, using ultrastructure expansion microscopy for nanoscale protein mapping, we reveal that POC16 and its human homolog WDR90 are components of the microtubule wall along the central core region of the centriole. We further found that WDR90 is an evolutionary microtubule associated protein. Finally, we demonstrate that WDR90 depletion impairs the localization of inner scaffold components, leading to centriole structural abnormalities in human cells. Altogether, this work highlights that WDR90 is an evolutionary conserved molecular player participating in centriole architecture integrity. Cells are made up of compartments called organelles that perform specific roles. A cylindrical organelle called the centriole is important for a number of cellular processes, ranging from cell division to movement and signaling. Each centriole contains nine blades made up of protein filaments called microtubules, which link together to form a cylinder. This well-known structure can be found in a variety of different species. Yet, it is unclear how centrioles are able to maintain this stable architecture whilst carrying out their various different cell roles. In early 2020, a group of researchers discovered a scaffold protein at the center of centrioles that helps keep the microtubule blades stable. Further investigation suggested that another protein called WDR90 may also help centrioles sustain their cylindrical shape. However, the exact role of this protein was poorly understood. To determine the role of WDR90, Steib et al. – including many of the researchers involved in the 2020 study – used a method called Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy to precisely locate the WDR90 protein in centrioles. This revealed that WDR90 is located on the microtubule wall of centrioles in green algae and human cells grown in the lab. Further experiments showed that the protein binds directly to microtubules and that removing WDR90 from human cells causes centrioles to lose their scaffold proteins and develop structural defects. This investigation provides fundamental insights into the structure and stability of centrioles. It shows that single proteins are key components in supporting the structural integrity of organelles and shaping their overall architecture. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate how ultrastructure expansion microscopy can be used to determine the role of individual proteins within a complex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Steib
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine H Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Celine Zheng
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maeva Le Guennec
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - France Koll
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.,Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
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33
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Heydeck W, Bayless BA, Stemm-Wolf AJ, O'Toole ET, Fabritius AS, Ozzello C, Nguyen M, Winey M. Tetrahymena Poc5 is a transient basal body component that is important for basal body maturation. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.240838. [PMID: 32350068 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule-based organelles that act as a template for and stabilize cilia at the cell surface. Centrins ubiquitously associate with BBs and function in BB assembly, maturation and stability. Human POC5 (hPOC5) is a highly conserved centrin-binding protein that binds centrins through Sfi1p-like repeats and is required for building full-length, mature centrioles. Here, we use the BB-rich cytoskeleton of Tetrahymena thermophila to characterize Poc5 BB functions. Tetrahymena Poc5 (TtPoc5) uniquely incorporates into assembling BBs and is then removed from mature BBs prior to ciliogenesis. Complete genomic knockout of TtPOC5 leads to a significantly increased production of BBs, yet a markedly reduced ciliary density, both of which are rescued by reintroduction of TtPoc5. A second Tetrahymena POC5-like gene, SFR1, is similarly implicated in modulating BB production. When TtPOC5 and SFR1 are co-deleted, cell viability is compromised and BB overproduction is exacerbated. Overproduced BBs display defective transition zone formation and a diminished capacity for ciliogenesis. This study uncovers a requirement for Poc5 in building mature BBs, providing a possible functional link between hPOC5 mutations and impaired cilia.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Westley Heydeck
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian A Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander J Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Amy S Fabritius
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Courtney Ozzello
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marina Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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34
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Riparbelli MG, Persico V, Dallai R, Callaini G. Centrioles and Ciliary Structures during Male Gametogenesis in Hexapoda: Discovery of New Models. Cells 2020; 9:E744. [PMID: 32197383 PMCID: PMC7140630 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are-widely conserved barrel-shaped organelles present in most organisms. They are indirectly involved in the organization of the cytoplasmic microtubules both in interphase and during the cell division by recruiting the molecules needed for microtubule nucleation. Moreover, the centrioles are required to assemble cilia and flagella by the direct elongation of their microtubule wall. Due to the importance of the cytoplasmic microtubules in several aspects of the cell life, any defect in centriole structure can lead to cell abnormalities that in humans may result in significant diseases. Many aspects of the centriole dynamics and function have been clarified in the last years, but little attention has been paid to the exceptions in centriole structure that occasionally appeared within the animal kingdom. Here, we focused our attention on non-canonical aspects of centriole architecture within the Hexapoda. The Hexapoda is one of the major animal groups and represents a good laboratory in which to examine the evolution and the organization of the centrioles. Although these findings represent obvious exceptions to the established rules of centriole organization, they may contribute to advance our understanding of the formation and the function of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Riparbelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Veronica Persico
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Romano Dallai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Giuliano Callaini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.G.R.); (V.P.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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35
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Le Guennec M, Klena N, Gambarotto D, Laporte MH, Tassin AM, van den Hoek H, Erdmann PS, Schaffer M, Kovacik L, Borgers S, Goldie KN, Stahlberg H, Bornens M, Azimzadeh J, Engel BD, Hamel V, Guichard P. A helical inner scaffold provides a structural basis for centriole cohesion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4137. [PMID: 32110738 PMCID: PMC7021493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ninefold radial arrangement of microtubule triplets (MTTs) is the hallmark of the centriole, a conserved organelle crucial for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Although strong cohesion between MTTs is critical to resist forces applied by ciliary beating and the mitotic spindle, how the centriole maintains its structural integrity is not known. Using cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of centrioles from four evolutionarily distant species, we found that MTTs are bound together by a helical inner scaffold covering ~70% of the centriole length that maintains MTTs cohesion under compressive forces. Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM) indicated that POC5, POC1B, FAM161A, and Centrin-2 localize to the scaffold structure along the inner wall of the centriole MTTs. Moreover, we established that these four proteins interact with each other to form a complex that binds microtubules. Together, our results provide a structural and molecular basis for centriole cohesion and geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Le Guennec
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai Klena
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Gambarotto
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marine H. Laporte
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Tassin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugo van den Hoek
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Erdmann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lubomir Kovacik
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Borgers
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth N. Goldie
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA), Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Michel Bornens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS-UMR 144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Azimzadeh
- Université de Paris, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin D. Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Virginie Hamel
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Paul Guichard
- University of Geneva, Department of Cell Biology, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (B.D.E.); (V.H.); (P.G.)
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Kameya S, Fujinami K, Ueno S, Hayashi T, Kuniyoshi K, Ideta R, Kikuchi S, Kubota D, Yoshitake K, Katagiri S, Sakuramoto H, Kominami T, Terasaki H, Yang L, Fujinami-Yokokawa Y, Liu X, Arno G, Pontikos N, Miyake Y, Iwata T, Tsunoda K. Phenotypical Characteristics of POC1B-Associated Retinopathy in Japanese Cohort: Cone Dystrophy With Normal Funduscopic Appearance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3432-3446. [PMID: 31390656 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cone/cone-rod dystrophy is a large group of retinal disorders with both phonotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotype of eight patients from seven families harboring POC1B mutations in a cohort of the Japan Eye Genetics Consortium (JEGC). Methods Whole-exome sequencing with targeted analyses identified homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the POC1B gene in 7 of 548 families in the JEGC database. Ophthalmologic examinations including the best-corrected visual acuity, perimetry, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, optical coherence tomography, and full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ERGs) were performed. Results There were four men and four women whose median age at the onset of symptoms was 15.6 years (range, 6-23 years) and that at the time of examination was 40.3 years (range, 22-67 years). The best-corrected visual acuity ranged from -0.08 to 1.52 logMAR units. The funduscopic appearance was normal in all the cases except in one case with faint mottling in the fovea. Optical coherence tomography revealed an absence of the interdigitation zone and blurred ellipsoid zone in the posterior pole, but the foveal structures were preserved in three cases. The full-field photopic ERGs were reduced or extinguished with normal scotopic responses. The central responses of the multifocal ERGs were preserved in two cases. The diagnosis was either generalized cone dystrophy in five cases or cone dystrophy with foveal sparing in three cases. Conclusions Generalized or peripheral cone dystrophy with normal funduscopic appearance is the representative phenotype of POC1B-associated retinopathy in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kameya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kuniyoshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Kikuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daiki Kubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakuramoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Kominami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Terasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Lizhu Yang
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujinami-Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Public Health, Yokokawa Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gavin Arno
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Pontikos
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Tsunoda
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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A novel POC1A variant in an alternatively spliced exon causes classic SOFT syndrome: clinical presentation of seven patients. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:193-197. [DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Bayless BA, Navarro FM, Winey M. Motile Cilia: Innovation and Insight From Ciliate Model Organisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:265. [PMID: 31737631 PMCID: PMC6838636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliates are a powerful model organism for the study of basal bodies and motile cilia. These single-celled protists contain hundreds of cilia organized in an array making them an ideal system for both light and electron microscopy studies. Isolation and subsequent proteomic analysis of both cilia and basal bodies have been carried out to great success in ciliates. These studies reveal that ciliates share remarkable protein conservation with metazoans and have identified a number of essential basal body/ciliary proteins. Ciliates also boast a genetic and molecular toolbox that allows for facile manipulation of ciliary genes. Reverse genetics studies in ciliates have expanded our understanding of how cilia are positioned within an array, assembled, stabilized, and function at a molecular level. The advantages of cilia number coupled with a robust genetic and molecular toolbox have established ciliates as an ideal system for motile cilia and basal body research and prove a promising system for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Bayless
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Francesca M Navarro
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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39
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Wagner M, Osborn DPS, Gehweiler I, Nagel M, Ulmer U, Bakhtiari S, Amouri R, Boostani R, Hentati F, Hockley MM, Hölbling B, Schwarzmayr T, Karimiani EG, Kernstock C, Maroofian R, Müller-Felber W, Ozkan E, Padilla-Lopez S, Reich S, Reichbauer J, Darvish H, Shahmohammadibeni N, Tafakhori A, Vill K, Zuchner S, Kruer MC, Winkelmann J, Jamshidi Y, Schüle R. Bi-allelic variants in RNF170 are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4790. [PMID: 31636353 PMCID: PMC6803694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm is controlled by binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to its receptor. Activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are then rapidly degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Mutations in genes encoding the neuronal isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR1) and genes involved in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor degradation (ERLIN1, ERLIN2) are known to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and cerebellar ataxia. We provide evidence that mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase gene RNF170, which targets inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors for degradation, are the likely cause of autosomal recessive HSP in four unrelated families and functionally evaluate the consequences of mutations in patient fibroblasts, mutant SH-SY5Y cells and by gene knockdown in zebrafish. Our findings highlight inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling as a candidate key pathway for hereditary spastic paraplegias and cerebellar ataxias and thus prioritize this pathway for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel P S Osborn
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ina Gehweiler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maike Nagel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ulmer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rim Amouri
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Faycal Hentati
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam M Hockley
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Benedikt Hölbling
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Next Generation Genetic Clinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Christoph Kernstock
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ege Ozkan
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Padilla-Lopez
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katharina Vill
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, FL33136, Miami, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL33136, Miami, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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40
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Soares H, Carmona B, Nolasco S, Viseu Melo L. Polarity in Ciliate Models: From Cilia to Cell Architecture. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:240. [PMID: 31681771 PMCID: PMC6813674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahymena and Paramecium are highly differentiated unicellular organisms with elaborated cortical patterns showing a regular arrangement of hundreds to thousands of basal bodies in longitudinal rows that extend from the anterior to the posterior region of the cell. Thus both ciliates exhibit a permanent antero–posterior axis and left–right asymmetry. This cell polarity is reflected in the direction of the structures nucleated around each basal body such as the ciliary rootlets. Studies in these ciliates showed that basal bodies assemble two types of cilia, the cortical cilia and the cilia of the oral apparatus, a complex structure specialized in food capture. These two cilia types display structural differences at their tip domain. Basal bodies possessing distinct compositions creating specialized landmarks are also present. Cilia might be expected to express and transmit polarities throughout signaling pathways given their recognized role in signal transduction. This review will focus on how local polarities in basal bodies/cilia are regulated and transmitted through cell division in order to maintain the global polarity and shape of these cells and locally constrain the interpretation of signals by different cilia. We will also discuss ciliates as excellent biological models to study development and morphogenetic mechanisms and their relationship with cilia diversity and function in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Soares
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Carmona
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica/Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nolasco
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Viseu Melo
- Physics Department and CEFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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41
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Junker AD, Soh AWJ, O'Toole ET, Meehl JB, Guha M, Winey M, Honts JE, Gaertig J, Pearson CG. Microtubule glycylation promotes attachment of basal bodies to the cell cortex. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233726. [PMID: 31243050 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia generate directed hydrodynamic flow that is important for the motility of cells and extracellular fluids. To optimize directed hydrodynamic flow, motile cilia are organized and oriented into a polarized array. Basal bodies (BBs) nucleate and position motile cilia at the cell cortex. Cytoplasmic BB-associated microtubules are conserved structures that extend from BBs. By using the ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, combined with EM-tomography and light microscopy, we show that BB-appendage microtubules assemble coincidently with new BB assembly and that they are attached to the cell cortex. These BB-appendage microtubules are specifically marked by post translational modifications of tubulin, including glycylation. Mutations that prevent glycylation shorten BB-appendage microtubules and disrupt BB positioning and cortical attachment. Consistent with the attachment of BB-appendage microtubules to the cell cortex to position BBs, mutations that disrupt the cellular cortical cytoskeleton disrupt the cortical attachment and positioning of BBs. In summary, BB-appendage microtubules promote the organization of ciliary arrays through attachment to the cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Junker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam W J Soh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Janet B Meehl
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Mayukh Guha
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mark Winey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jerry E Honts
- Department of Biology, Drake University, 2507 University Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA
| | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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42
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Jo KH, Jaiswal A, Khanal S, Fishman EL, Curry AN, Avidor-Reiss T. Poc1B and Sas-6 Function Together during the Atypical Centriole Formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080841. [PMID: 31387336 PMCID: PMC6721650 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects and mammals have atypical centrioles in their sperm. However, it is unclear how these atypical centrioles form. Drosophila melanogaster sperm has one typical centriole called the giant centriole (GC) and one atypical centriole called the proximal centriole-like structure (PCL). During early sperm development, centriole duplication factors such as Ana2 and Sas-6 are recruited to the GC base to initiate PCL formation. The centriolar protein, Poc1B, is also recruited at this initiation stage, but its precise role during PCL formation is unclear. Here, we show that Poc1B recruitment was dependent on Sas-6, that Poc1B had effects on cellular and PCL Sas-6, and that Poc1B and Sas-6 were colocalized in the PCL/centriole core. These findings suggest that Sas-6 and Poc1B interact during PCL formation. Co-overexpression of Ana2 and Sas-6 induced the formation of ectopic particles that contained endogenous Poc1 proteins and were composed of PCL-like structures. These structures were disrupted in Poc1 mutant flies, suggesting that Poc1 proteins stabilize the PCL-like structures. Lastly, Poc1B and Sas-6 co-overexpression also induced the formation of PCL-like structures, suggesting that they can function together during the formation of the PCL. Overall, our findings suggest that Poc1B and Sas-6 function together during PCL formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung H Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Alaina N Curry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43607, USA.
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Vriend J, Tate RB. Differential Expression of Genes for Ubiquitin Ligases in Medulloblastoma Subtypes. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:469-488. [PMID: 30810905 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-1009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using publically available datasets on gene expression in medulloblastoma (MB) subtypes, we selected genes for ubiquitin ligases and identified statistically those that best predicted each of the four major MB subgroups as separate disease entities. We identify a gene coding for an ubiquitin ligase, ZNRF3, whose overexpression alone can predict the WNT subgroup for 100% in the Pfister dataset. For the SHH subgroup, we identify a gene for a regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), PPP2R2C, as the major predictor among the E3 ligases genes. The ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like conjugation database (UUCD) lists PPP2R2C as coding for a Cullin Ring ubiquitin ligase adaptor. For group 3 MBs, the best ubiquitin ligase predictor was PPP2R2B, a gene which codes for another regulatory subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme. For group 4, the best E3 gene predictors were MID2, ZBTB18, and PPP2R2A, which codes for a third PP2A regulatory subunit. Heatmap analysis of the E3 gene data shows that expression of ten genes for ubiquitin ligases can be used to classify MBs into the four major consensus subgroups. This was illustrated by analysis of gene expression of ubiquitin ligases of the Pfister dataset and confirmed in the dataset of Cavalli. We conclude that genes for ubiquitin ligases can be used as genetic markers for MB subtypes and that the proteins coded for by these genes should be investigated as subtype specific therapeutic targets for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm134, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Robert B Tate
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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44
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Li S, Fernandez JJ, Marshall WF, Agard DA. Electron cryo-tomography provides insight into procentriole architecture and assembly mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:43434. [PMID: 30741631 PMCID: PMC6384029 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Centriole is an essential structure with multiple functions in cellular processes. Centriole biogenesis and homeostasis is tightly regulated. Using electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) we present the structure of procentrioles from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We identified a set of non-tubulin components attached to the triplet microtubule (MT), many are at the junctions of tubules likely to reinforce the triplet. We describe structure of the A-C linker that bridges neighboring triplets. The structure infers that POC1 is likely an integral component of A-C linker. Its conserved WD40 β-propeller domain provides attachment sites for other A-C linker components. The twist of A-C linker results in an iris diaphragm-like motion of the triplets in the longitudinal direction of procentriole. Finally, we identified two assembly intermediates at the growing ends of procentriole allowing us to propose a model for the procentriole assembly. Our results provide a comprehensive structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning procentriole biogenesis and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Wallace F Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David A Agard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Avidor-Reiss T, Fishman EL. It takes two (centrioles) to tango. Reproduction 2019; 157:R33-R51. [PMID: 30496124 PMCID: PMC6494718 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells that divide during embryo development require precisely two centrioles during interphase and four centrioles during mitosis. This precise number is maintained by allowing each centriole to nucleate only one centriole per cell cycle (i.e. centriole duplication). Yet, how the first cell of the embryo, the zygote, obtains two centrioles has remained a mystery in most mammals and insects. The mystery arose because the female gamete (oocyte) is thought to have no functional centrioles and the male gamete (spermatozoon) is thought to have only one functional centriole, resulting in a zygote with a single centriole. However, recent studies in fruit flies, beetles and mammals, including humans, suggest an alternative explanation: spermatozoa have a typical centriole and an atypical centriole. The sperm typical centriole has a normal structure but distinct protein composition, whereas the sperm atypical centriole is distinct in both. During fertilization, the atypical centriole is released into the zygote, nucleates a new centriole and participates in spindle pole formation. Thus, the spermatozoa's atypical centriole acts as a second centriole in the zygote. Here, we review centriole biology in general and especially in reproduction, we describe the discovery of the spermatozoon atypical centriole, and we provide an updated model for centriole inherence during sexual reproduction. While we focus on humans and other non-rodent mammals, we also provide a broader evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Rd., Wolfe Hall 4259, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Emily L. Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Rd., Wolfe Hall 4259, Toledo, OH 43606
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Avidor-Reiss T, Turner K. The Evolution of Centriole Structure: Heterochrony, Neoteny, and Hypermorphosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:3-15. [PMID: 31435789 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are subcellular organelles that were present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, where the centriole's ancestral role was to form cilia. Centrioles have maintained a remarkably conserved structure in eukaryotes that have cilia, while groups that lack cilia have lost their centrioles, highlighting the structure-function relationship that exists between the centriole and the cilium. In contrast, animal sperm cells, a ciliated cell, exhibit remarkable structural diversity in the centriole. Understanding how this structural diversity evolved may provide insight into centriole assembly and function, as well as their unique role in sperm. Here, we apply concepts used in the study of the evolution of animal morphology to gain insight into the evolution of centriole structure. We propose that centrioles with an atypical structure form because of changes in the timing of centriole assembly events, which can be described as centriolar "heterochrony." Atypical centrioles of insects and mammals appear to have evolved through different types of heterochrony. Here, we discuss two particular types of heterochrony: neoteny and hypermorphosis. The centriole assembly of insect sperm cells exhibits the retention of "juvenile" centriole structure, which can be described as centriolar "neoteny." Mammalian sperm cells have an extended centriole assembly program through the addition of novel steps such as centrosome reduction and centriole remodeling to form atypical centrioles, a form of centriole "hypermorphosis." Overall, centriole heterochrony appears to be a common mechanism for the development of the atypical centriole during the evolution of centriole assembly of various animals' sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
| | - Katerina Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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47
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Galati DF, Sullivan KD, Pham AT, Espinosa JM, Pearson CG. Trisomy 21 Represses Cilia Formation and Function. Dev Cell 2018; 46:641-650.e6. [PMID: 30100262 PMCID: PMC6557141 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21) is the most prevalent human chromosomal disorder, causing a range of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological abnormalities. However, the cellular processes disrupted by T21 are poorly understood. Consistent with the clinical overlap between T21 and ciliopathies, we discovered that T21 disrupts cilia formation and signaling. Cilia defects arise from increased expression of Pericentrin, a centrosome scaffold and trafficking protein encoded on chromosome 21. Elevated Pericentrin is necessary and sufficient for T21 cilia defects. Pericentrin accumulates at centrosomes and dramatically in the cytoplasm surrounding centrosomes. Centrosome Pericentrin recruits more γ-tubulin and enhances microtubules, whereas cytoplasmic Pericentrin assembles into large foci that do not efficiently traffic. Moreover, the Pericentrin-associated cilia assembly factor IFT20 and the ciliary signaling molecule Smoothened do not efficiently traffic to centrosomes and cilia. Thus, increased centrosome protein dosage produces ciliopathy-like outcomes in T21 cells by decreasing trafficking between the cytoplasm, centrosomes, and cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico F Galati
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew T Pham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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48
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Chlamydomonas Basal Bodies as Flagella Organizing Centers. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070079. [PMID: 30018231 PMCID: PMC6070942 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During ciliogenesis, centrioles convert to membrane-docked basal bodies, which initiate the formation of cilia/flagella and template the nine doublet microtubules of the flagellar axoneme. The discovery that many human diseases and developmental disorders result from defects in flagella has fueled a strong interest in the analysis of flagellar assembly. Here, we will review the structure, function, and development of basal bodies in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a widely used model for the analysis of basal bodies and flagella. Intraflagellar transport (IFT), a flagella-specific protein shuttle critical for ciliogenesis, was first described in C. reinhardtii. A focus of this review will be on the role of the basal bodies in organizing the IFT machinery.
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49
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Fishman EL, Jo K, Nguyen QPH, Kong D, Royfman R, Cekic AR, Khanal S, Miller AL, Simerly C, Schatten G, Loncarek J, Mennella V, Avidor-Reiss T. A novel atypical sperm centriole is functional during human fertilization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2210. [PMID: 29880810 PMCID: PMC5992222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of the centrosome during human fertilization remains mysterious. Here we show that the sperm centrosome contains, in addition to the known typical barrel-shaped centriole (the proximal centriole, PC), a surrounding matrix (pericentriolar material, PCM), and an atypical centriole (distal centriole, DC) composed of splayed microtubules surrounding previously undescribed rods of centriole luminal proteins. The sperm centrosome is remodeled by both reduction and enrichment of specific proteins and the formation of these rods during spermatogenesis. In vivo and in vitro investigations show that the flagellum-attached, atypical DC is capable of recruiting PCM, forming a daughter centriole, and localizing to the spindle pole during mitosis. Altogether, we show that the DC is compositionally and structurally remodeled into an atypical centriole, which functions as the zygote's second centriole. These findings now provide novel avenues for diagnostics and therapeutic strategies for male infertility, and insights into early embryo developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Fishman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Kyoung Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Quynh P H Nguyen
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Rachel Royfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Anthony R Cekic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Sushil Khanal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Simerly
- Departments of Cell Biology; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; and Bioengineering, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gerald Schatten
- Departments of Cell Biology; Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; and Bioengineering, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Vito Mennella
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Tomer Avidor-Reiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH, 43607, USA.
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50
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Joachimiak E, Jerka‐Dziadosz M, Krzemień‐Ojak Ł, Wacławek E, Jedynak K, Urbanska P, Brutkowski W, Sas‐Nowosielska H, Fabczak H, Gaertig J, Wloga D. Multiple phosphorylation sites on γ‐tubulin are essential and contribute to the biogenesis of basal bodies in
Tetrahymena. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8648-8665. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Maria Jerka‐Dziadosz
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Łucja Krzemień‐Ojak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Ewa Wacławek
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Katarzyna Jedynak
- Faculty of BiologyDepartment of Animal PhysiologyInstitute of ZoologyUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Paulina Urbanska
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Wojciech Brutkowski
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and FunctionNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Hanna Sas‐Nowosielska
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and FunctionNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Hanna Fabczak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Jacek Gaertig
- Department of Cellular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia BiologyDepartment of Cell BiologyNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
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