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Kang Y, Toyoda H, Saito M. Search for unknown neural link between the masticatory and cognitive brain systems to clarify the involvement of its impairment in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1425645. [PMID: 38994328 PMCID: PMC11236757 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1425645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain degenerations in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) are observed earliest in the locus coeruleus (LC), a population of noradrenergic neurons, in which hyperphosphorylated tau protein expression and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation begin. Along with this, similar changes occur in the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, such as the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Neuronal degeneration of the two neuronal nuclei leads to a decrease in neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which results in the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau protein and ultimately causes neuronal cell death in those cortices. On the other hand, a large number of epidemiological studies have shown that tooth loss or masticatory dysfunction is a risk factor for dementia including AD, and numerous studies using experimental animals have also shown that masticatory dysfunction causes brain degeneration in the basal forebrain, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex similar to those observed in human AD, and that learning and memory functions are impaired accordingly. However, it remains unclear how masticatory dysfunction can induce such brain degeneration similar to AD, and the neural mechanism linking the trigeminal nervous system responsible for mastication and the cognitive and memory brain system remains unknown. In this review paper, we provide clues to the search for such "missing link" by discussing the embryological, anatomical, and physiological relationship between LC and its laterally adjoining mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus which plays a central role in the masticatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngnam Kang
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhazykbayeva S, Hassoun R, Herwig M, Budde H, Kovács Á, Mannherz HG, El-Battrawy I, Tóth A, Schmidt WE, Mügge A, Hamdani N. Oxidative stress and inflammation distinctly drive molecular mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in female and male heart failure with preserved ejection fraction rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1157398. [PMID: 37363100 PMCID: PMC10285478 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1157398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex cardiovascular insufficiency syndrome presenting with an ejection fraction (EF) of greater than 50% along with different proinflammatory and metabolic co-morbidities. Despite previous work provided key insights into our understanding of HFpEF, effective treatments are still limited. In the current study we attempted to unravel the molecular basis of sex-dependent differences in HFpEF pathology. We analyzed left ventricular samples from 1-year-old female and male transgenic (TG) rats homozygous for the rat Ren-2 renin gene (mRen2) characterized with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction and compared it to age-matched female and male wild type rats (WT) served as control. Cardiomyocytes from female and male TG rats exhibited an elevated titin-based stiffness (Fpassive), which was corrected to control level upon treatment with reduced glutathione indicating titin oxidation. This was accompanied with high levels of oxidative stress in TG rats with more prominent effects in female group. In vitro supplementation with heat shock proteins (HSPs) reversed the elevated Fpassive indicating restoration of their cytoprotective function. Furthermore, the TG group exhibited high levels of proinflammatory cytokines with significant alterations in apoptotic and autophagy pathways in both sexes. Distinct alterations in the expression of several proteins between both sexes suggest their differential impact on disease development and necessitate distinct treatment options. Hence, our data suggested that oxidative stress and inflammation distinctly drive diastolic dysfunction and remodeling in female and male rats with HFpEF and that the sex-dependent mechanisms contribute to HF pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Zhazykbayeva
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roua Hassoun
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Herwig
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heidi Budde
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, UK RUB, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang E. Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, St. Josef Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, UK RUB, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, UK RUB, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Morello G, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, D'Agata V, Cavallaro S. Cracking the Code of Neuronal Cell Fate. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071057. [PMID: 37048129 PMCID: PMC10093029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is fundamental to most biological processes and reverse-engineering programs can be used to decipher the underlying programs. In this review, we describe how genomics is offering a systems biology-based perspective of the intricate and temporally coordinated transcriptional programs that control neuronal apoptosis and survival. In addition to providing a new standpoint in human pathology focused on the regulatory program, cracking the code of neuronal cell fate may offer innovative therapeutic approaches focused on downstream targets and regulatory networks. Similar to computers, where faults often arise from a software bug, neuronal fate may critically depend on its transcription program. Thus, cracking the code of neuronal life or death may help finding a patch for neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
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Effects of Different Hydration Strategies in Young Men during Prolonged Exercise at Elevated Ambient Temperatures on Pro-Oxidative and Antioxidant Status Markers, Muscle Damage, and Inflammatory Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030642. [PMID: 36978890 PMCID: PMC10045838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is associated with an increase in the speed of metabolic processes to supply energy to working muscles and endogenous heat production. Intense sweating caused by the work performed at high ambient temperatures is associated with a significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of different hydration strategies in young men during prolonged exercise at elevated ambient temperatures on levels of pro-oxidative and antioxidant status, oxidative status markers (TAC/TOC), muscle cell damage (Mb, LDH), and inflammatory status (WBC, CRP, IL-1β). The study was conducted on a group of 12 healthy men with average levels of aerobic capacity. The intervention consisted of using various hydration strategies: no hydration; water; and isotonic drinks. The examination was di-vided into two main stages. The first stage was a preliminary study that included medical exami-nations, measurements of somatic indices, and exercise tests. The exercise test was performed on a cycle ergometers. Their results were used to determine individual relative loads for the main part of the experiment. In the second stage, the main study was conducted, involving three series of weekly experimental tests using a cross-over design. The change in plasma volume (∆PV) measured im-mediately and one hour after the exercise test was significantly dependent on the hydration strategy (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). The mean values of oxidative status did not differ signifi-cantly between the hydration strategy used and the sequence in which the test was performed. Using isotonic drinks, due to the more efficient restoration of the body’s water and electrolyte balance compared to water or no hydration, most effectively protects muscle cells from the negative effects of exercise, leading to heat stress of exogenous and endogenous origin.
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Suresh NT, E R V, Krishnakumar U. Topology Driven Analysis of Protein - Protein Interactome for Prioritizing Key Comorbid Genes via Sub Graph Based Average Path Length Centrality. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:742-751. [PMID: 34986099 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3140388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In gene-based therapies, local perturbations associated with one disease can lead to comorbidity as it influences the pathways involved with the other diseases. The key genes orchestrating the common biological mechanisms are need to be prioritized for addressing the challenges introduced by the cross talks between disease modules. Here, a local centrality measure named Sub graph based Average Path length Double Specific Betweenness centrality (SAPDSB) for prioritizing the comorbid genes via Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPIN) analysis is presented. This approach can be used to identify putative biomarkers which can be repurposed for the management of comorbidity. Proposed network based topological measure is designed specifically to prioritize the comorbid genes that are most likely to be present in the overlap of disease modules. In order to attain this, the estimated average path length of the seed network which holds Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) of the disease genes is exploited. Prioritized comorbid genes are further pruned using centrality-based cut-off values and specificity scores. The biological significance of the resultant genes is corroborated with connectivity analysis using leave-one-out method, pathway enrichment analysis and a comparative analysis using single disease-based gene prioritization tools. For performance analysis, proposed approach is tested using case studies involving common diseases and rare neurodegenerative diseases. For case study1, diseases such as Diabetes, Carcinoma and Alzheimer's are considered in a pairwise manner while for case study2, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are considered. As outcome, prioritized candidate genes and biological pathways associated with respective disease pairs have been found. The associations from top 10 candidate genes in different disease pair combinations of Diabetes-Carcinoma-Alzheimer's revealed common genes like CREBBP, TP53, HSP90AA1 and the common pathway namely p53 pathway feedback loops 2. Out of the pathways retrieved from the top 10 genes associated with ALS-SMA disease pair, 60% of unique pathways are found to be leading to both diseases and its comorbidities. Comparative analysis of the proposed method with recent similar approach also reported a clear degree of benefits in performance.
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Altered Cellular Protein Quality Control System Modulates Cardiomyocyte Function in Volume Overload-Induced Hypertrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112210. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume-induced hypertrophy is one of the risk factors for cardiac morbidity and mortality. In addition, mechanical and metabolic dysfunction, aging, and cellular redox balance are also contributing factors to the disease progression. In this study, we used volume overload (VO), which was induced by an aortocaval fistula in 2-month-old male Wistar rats, and sham-operated animals served as control. Functional parameters were measured by transthoracic echocardiography at termination 4- or 8-months after VO. The animals showed hypertrophic remodeling that was accompanied by mechanical dysfunction and increased cardiomyocyte stiffness. These alterations were reversible upon treatment with glutathione. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction was associated with elevated oxidative stress markers with unchanged inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, we observed altered phosphorylation status of small heat shock proteins 27 and 70 and diminished protease expression caspases 3 compared to the matched control group, indicating an impaired protein quality control system. Such alterations might be attributed to the increased oxidative stress as anticipated from the enhanced titin oxidation, ubiquitination, and the elevation in oxidative stress markers. Our study showed an early pathological response to VO, which manifests in cardiomyocyte mechanical dysfunction and dysregulated signaling pathways associated with enhanced oxidative stress and an impaired protein quality control system.
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Cho YE, Vorn R, Chimenti M, Crouch K, Shaoshuai C, Narayanaswamy J, Harken A, Schmidt R, Gill J, Lee H. Extracellular vesicle miRNAs in breast milk of obese mothers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976886. [PMID: 36313069 PMCID: PMC9597365 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast milk has abundant extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various biological molecules (cargo), including miRNAs. EVs are not degraded in the gastrointestinal system and circulation; thus, breast milk EVs (bEVs) are expected to interact with other organs in breastfed infants and modify the gene expression of recipient cells using miRNAs. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is a critical factor influencing the composition of breast milk. Thus, in mothers with obesity, miRNAs in bEVs can be altered, which might be associated with adverse health outcomes in infants. In this study, we examined 798 miRNAs to determine which miRNAs are altered in the bEVs of mothers with obesity and their potential impact on breastfed infants. Methods We recruited healthy nursing mothers who were either of normal weight (BMI < 25) or with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) based on their pre-pregnancy BMI, and delivered a singleton baby in the prior 6 months. EVs were isolated from breast milk with ultracentrifugation. bEV characteristics were examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging of EV markers. A total of 798 miRNAs were screened using a NanoString human miRNA panel to find differentially expressed miRNAs in bEVs of mothers with obesity compared to mothers of normal weight. Results We included 65 nursing mothers: 47 of normal weight and 18 with obesity based on pre-pregnancy BMI. After bEV isolation, we confirmed the expression of various EV markers. Out of 37 EV markers, CD326 (EpCaM) was the most highly expressed in bEVs. The most abundant miRNAs in bEVs include miR-30b-5p, miR-4454, miR-494-3p, and let-7 miRNAs. Target genes of the top 10 miRNAs were associated with cancer, prolactin pathway, EGFR, ErbB, and FoxO signaling pathway. In bEVs of mothers with obesity, 19 miRNAs were differentially expressed (adjusted p < 0.05 cut-off), which include miR-575, miR-630, miR-642a-3p, and miR-652-5p. These miRNAs and their target genes were associated with neurological diseases and psychological disorders. Conclusion In this study, we characterized bEVs and demonstrated altered miRNAs in bEVs of mothers with obesity and identified the pathways of their potential target genes. Our findings will provide insight for future studies investigating the role of bEVs in breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Cho
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Young-Eun Cho,
| | - Rany Vorn
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Chimenti
- College of Medicine The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Keith Crouch
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Chen Shaoshuai
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Alaria Harken
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Reegan Schmidt
- College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jessica Gill
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhang H, Zhou W, Li J, Qiu Z, Wang X, Xu H, Wang H, Lu D, Qi R. Senegenin Rescues PC12 Cells with Oxidative Damage Through Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6983-6992. [PMID: 36068400 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ferroptosis has been determined to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Senegenin (Sen) prevents oxidative damage in nerve cells via a mechanism that may be highly related to ferroptosis. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis pathway involvement in AD is unclear. In this study, we established a model of PC12 cytotoxic injury induced by Aβ25-35, and we detected the level of oxidative damage, MMP, and ferroptosis-related protein expression. The results showed that, compared with control group, the level of ROS increased, GPX activities decreased, and MDA levels increased in Aβ25-35 group. Aβ25-35 could induce mitochondrial depolarization in PC12 cells and Fer-1 could not reverse this damage. WB revealed that Aβ25-35 group had increased ACSL4 and PEBP1 proteins, and decreased GPX4 protein. After adding Sen in the model, the level of oxidative damage was reduced, and mitochondrial depolarization was reversed compared with Aβ25-35 group. WB suggested that the expression of ACSL4 and PEBP1 proteins decreased, and the expression of GPX4 protein increased by Sen treatment. In conclusion, we found that Sen exhibits strong neuroprotective activity against Aβ25-35 induced oxidative damage and lipid metabolic associated with ferroptosis. Inhibiting nerve cell ferroptosis might facilitate the future development of strategies to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, No. 62 Hengzhigang Rd, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangdong, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Qiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Daxiang Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Renbin Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601 Avenue Huangpu West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Martin RM, Bereman MS, Marsden KC. The Cyanotoxin 2,4-DAB Reduces Viability and Causes Behavioral and Molecular Dysfunctions Associated with Neurodegeneration in Larval Zebrafish. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:347-364. [PMID: 35029765 PMCID: PMC9035002 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cyanotoxins has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. While the cyanotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has received much attention, cyanobacteria produce many cyanotoxic compounds, several of which have been detected in nature alongside BMAA, including 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG). Thus, the question of whether 2,4-DAB and AEG also cause neurotoxic effects in vivo is of great interest, as is the question of whether they interact to enhance toxicity. Here, we evaluate the toxic and neurotoxic effects of these cyanotoxins alone or in combination by measuring zebrafish larval viability and behavior after exposure. 2,4-DAB was the most potent cyanotoxin as it decreased larval viability by approximately 50% at 6 days post fertilization, while BMAA and AEG decreased viability by just 16% and 8%, respectively. Although we only observed minor neurotoxic effects on spontaneous locomotion, BMAA and AEG enhanced acoustic startle sensitivity, and they interacted in an additive manner to exert their effects. 2,4-DAB; however, only modulated startle kinematics, an indication of motor dysfunction. To investigate the mechanisms of 2,4-DAB's effects, we analyzed the protein profile of larval zebrafish exposed to 500 µM 2,4-DAB at two time points and identified molecular signatures consistent with neurodegeneration, including disruption of metabolic pathways and downregulation of the ALS-associated genes SOD1 and UBQLN4. Together, our data demonstrate that BMAA and its isomers AEG and 2,4-DAB cause neurotoxic effects in vivo, with 2,4-DAB as the most potent of the three in the zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia M Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael S Bereman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kurt C Marsden
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cognitive and motor impairment in FOXP1 syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2112852119. [PMID: 35165191 PMCID: PMC8872729 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112852119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP1 haploinsufficiency underlies cognitive and motor impairments in individuals with FOXP1 syndrome. Here, we show that mice lacking one Foxp1 copy exhibit similar behavioral deficits, which may be caused by striatal dysfunction. Indeed, Foxp1+/− striatal medium spiny neurons display reduced neurite branching, and we show altered mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics; increased mitophagy; reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, structure, and motility; and elevated oxygen species in the striatum of these animals. As FOXP1 is highly conserved, our data strongly suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive oxidative stress contribute to the motor and cognitive impairments seen in individuals with FOXP1 syndrome. Thus, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for normal development and can explain deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. FOXP1 syndrome caused by haploinsufficiency of the forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1) gene is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests motor dysfunction, intellectual disability, autism, and language impairment. In this study, we used a Foxp1+/− mouse model to address whether cognitive and motor deficits in FOXP1 syndrome are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Here, we show that genes with a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics (e.g., Foxo1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, Opa1, and Drp1) were dysregulated in the striatum of Foxp1+/− mice at different postnatal stages. Furthermore, these animals exhibit a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and complex I activity, as well as decreased expression of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) and glutathione (GSH), resulting in increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. These features can explain the reduced neurite branching, learning and memory, endurance, and motor coordination that we observed in these animals. Taken together, we provide strong evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in Foxp1+/− mice, suggesting that insufficient energy supply and excessive oxidative stress underlie the cognitive and motor impairment in FOXP1 deficiency.
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Wang J, Rappold GA, Fröhlich H. Disrupted Mitochondrial Network Drives Deficits of Learning and Memory in a Mouse Model of FOXP1 Haploinsufficiency. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:127. [PMID: 35052467 PMCID: PMC8775322 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced cognitive flexibility, characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behavior, is associated with atypical memory performance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting hippocampal dysfunction. FOXP1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by ASD, language deficits, global developmental delay, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Strongly reduced Foxp1 expression has been detected in the hippocampus of Foxp1+/- mice, a brain region required for learning and memory. To investigate learning and memory performance in these animals, fear conditioning tests were carried out, which showed impaired associative learning compared with wild type (WT) animals. To shed light on the underlying mechanism, we analyzed various components of the mitochondrial network in the hippocampus. Several proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis (e.g., Foxo1, Pgc-1α, Tfam) and dynamics (Mfn1, Opa1, Drp1 and Fis1) were significantly dysregulated, which may explain the increased mitophagy observed in the Foxp1+/- hippocampus. The reduced activity of complex I and decreased expression of Sod2 most likely increase the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of the pre-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in this tissue. In conclusion, we provide evidence that a disrupted mitochondrial network and the resulting oxidative stress in the hippocampus contribute to the altered learning and cognitive impairment in Foxp1+/- mice, suggesting that similar alterations also play a major role in patients with FOXP1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Gudrun A. Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (G.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henning Fröhlich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (G.A.R.)
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Moraes JDN, Francisco AF, Dill LM, Diniz RS, Oliveira CSD, Silva TMRD, Caldeira CADS, Corrêa EDA, Coutinho-Neto A, Zanchi FB, Fontes MRDM, Soares AM, Calderon LDA. New multienzymatic complex formed between human cathepsin D and snake venom phospholipase A2. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20220002. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleff Ferreira Francisco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Souza Diniz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Berton Zanchi
- Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil; Aparicio Carvalho University Center (FIMCA), Brazil
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Morello G, Villari A, Spampinato AG, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, Gentile G, Ciotti MT, Calissano P, D’Agata V, Severini C, Cavallaro S. Transcriptional Profiles of Cell Fate Transitions Reveal Early Drivers of Neuronal Apoptosis and Survival. Cells 2021; 10:3238. [PMID: 34831459 PMCID: PMC8620386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal apoptosis and survival are regulated at the transcriptional level. To identify key genes and upstream regulators primarily responsible for these processes, we overlayed the temporal transcriptome of cerebellar granule neurons following induction of apoptosis and their rescue by three different neurotrophic factors. We identified a core set of 175 genes showing opposite expression trends at the intersection of apoptosis and survival. Their functional annotations and expression signatures significantly correlated to neurological, psychiatric and oncological disorders. Transcription regulatory network analysis revealed the action of nine upstream transcription factors, converging pro-apoptosis and pro-survival-inducing signals in a highly interconnected functionally and temporally ordered manner. Five of these transcription factors are potential drug targets. Transcriptome-based computational drug repurposing produced a list of drug candidates that may revert the apoptotic core set signature. Besides elucidating early drivers of neuronal apoptosis and survival, our systems biology-based perspective paves the way to innovative pharmacology focused on upstream targets and regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Ambra Villari
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonio Gianmaria Spampinato
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Gentile
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI Foundation), Viale Regina Elena, 295, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Velia D’Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (IBBC-CNR), Via E. Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (M.T.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.); (V.L.C.); (M.G.); (G.G.)
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15
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Simultaneous imaging of hypochlorous acid and nitric oxide in live cells based on a dual-channel fluorescent probe. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1183:338980. [PMID: 34627515 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are inevitably produced during normal human metabolism. Various ROS and RNS together form tangled networks that play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Here we used 1,8-naphthalene diamine as a reactive group to develop a fluorescent probe, N-[2-(6-phenylethynyl)quinolinylmethyl]-1,8-diamino naphthalene (QBN), for HOCl and NO. QBN showed a "turn-on" fluorescent response at 464 nm to HOCl in the range of 0-75 μM with rapid responding time (10 s) and detection limit (0.11 ± 0.03 μM). Furthermore, a "turn-on" fluorescent responses at 512 nm to NO in the range of 0-40 μM with responding time (20 s) and detection limit (25.7 ± 3.4 nM) was found. The response mechanisms of QBN to HOCl and NO were discussed based on mass analysis of the different products. The dual-channel probe was then successfully applied for simultaneous imaging of both exogenous and endogenous HOCl and NO in live cells.
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Khairy EY, Attia MM. Protective effects of vitamin D on neurophysiologic alterations in brain aging: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:650-659. [PMID: 31524100 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1665854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background/aim: Vitamin D has been hypothesized to be main regulator of the aging rate, alongside evidences support its role in neuroprotection. However, data about the protective role of vitamin D against neurophysiologic alterations associated with brain aging is limited. This study investigated the possible protective effects that vitamin D has on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cholinergic function, oxidative stress and apoptosis in aging rat brain.Methods: Male Wister albino rats aged 5 months (young), 12 months (middle aged) and 24 months (old) (n = 20 each) were used. Each age group subdivided to either vitamin D3 supplementation (500 IU/kg/day orally for 5 weeks) or no supplementation (control) group (n = 10 each). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], brain BDNF and malondialdehyde levels and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and caspase-3 were quantified.Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly mitigated the observed aging-related reduction in brain BDNF level and activities of AChE and antioxidant enzymes and elevation in malondialdehyde level and caspase-3 activity compared to control groups. Brain BDNF level correlated positively with serum 25(OH) D level and brain AChE activity and negatively with brain malondialdehyde level and caspase-3 activity in supplemented groups.Conclusion: Restoring vitamin D levels may, therefore, represent a useful strategy for healthy brain aging. Augmenting brain BDNF seems to be a key mechanism through which vitamin D counteracts age-related brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Khairy
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maha M Attia
- Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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17
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PEP-1-GLRX1 Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Cell Loss by Modulating MAPK and Apoptosis Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113329. [PMID: 34206041 PMCID: PMC8198499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized mainly by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) mediated via oxidative stress. Although glutaredoxin-1 (GLRX1) is known as one of the antioxidants involved in cell survival, the effects of GLRX1 on PD are still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether cell-permeable PEP-1-GLRX1 inhibits dopaminergic neuronal cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We showed that PEP-1-GLRX1 protects cell death and DNA damage in MPP+-exposed SH-SY5Y cells via the inhibition of MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB activation and the regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression. Furthermore, we found that PEP-1-GLRX1 was delivered to the SN via the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-induced PD model. These results indicate that PEP-1-GLRX1 markedly inhibited the loss of dopaminergic neurons in MPP+- and MPTP-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that this fusion protein may represent a novel therapeutic agent against PD.
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18
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Suresh NT, Ravindran VE, Krishnakumar U. A Computational Framework to Identify Cross Association Between Complex Disorders by Protein-protein Interaction Network Analysis. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200724145434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
It is a known fact that numerous complex disorders do not happen in
isolation indicating the plausible set of shared causes common to several different sicknesses.
Hence, analysis of comorbidity can be utilized to explore the association between several
disorders. In this study, we have proposed a network-based computational approach, in which
genes are organized based on the topological characteristics of the constructed Protein-Protein
Interaction Network (PPIN) followed by a network prioritization scheme, to identify distinctive
key genes and biological pathways shared among diseases.
Methods:
The proposed approach is initiated from constructed PPIN of any randomly chosen
disease genes in order to infer its associations with other diseases in terms of shared pathways, coexpression,
co-occurrence etc. For this, initially, proteins associated to any disease based on
random choice were identified. Secondly, PPIN is organized through topological analysis to define
hub genes. Finally, using a prioritization algorithm a ranked list of newly predicted
multimorbidity-associated proteins is generated. Using Gene Ontology (GO), cellular pathways
involved in multimorbidity-associated proteins are mined.
Result and Conclusion:
: The proposed methodology is tested using three disorders, namely
Diabetes, Obesity and blood pressure at an atomic level and the results suggest the comorbidity of
other complex diseases that have associations with the proteins included in the disease of present
study through shared proteins and pathways. For diabetes, we have obtained key genes like
GAPDH, TNF, IL6, AKT1, ALB, TP53, IL10, MAPK3, TLR4 and EGF with key pathways like
P53 pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, Ras Pathway, Interleukin signaling pathway, Endothelin
signaling pathway, Huntington disease etc. Studies on other disorders such as obesity and blood
pressure also revealed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhila T. Suresh
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vimina E. Ravindran
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Ullattil Krishnakumar
- Department of Computer Science and IT, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi Campus, Kochi, India
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Nisha, Sarkar S. Downregulation of glob1 suppresses pathogenesis of human neuronal tauopathies in Drosophila by regulating tau phosphorylation and ROS generation. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105040. [PMID: 33865914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human tauopathies represent a group of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein, which ultimately cause neurodegeneration. The aberrant tau hyperphosphorylation is mostly attributed to the kinases/phosphatases imbalance, which is majorly contributed by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Globin(s) represent a well-conserved group of proteins which are involved in O2 management, regulation of cellular ROS in different cell types. Similarly, Drosophila globin1 (a homologue of human globin) with its known roles in oxygen management and development of nervous system exhibits striking similarities with the mammalian neuroglobin. Several recent evidences support the hypothesis that neuroglobins are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. We herein noted that targeted expression of human-tau induces the cellular level of Glob1 protein in Drosophila tauopathy models. Subsequently, RNAi mediated restored level of Glob1 restricts the pathogenic effect of human-tau by minimizing its hyperphosphorylation via GSK-3β/p-Akt and p-JNK pathways. In addition, it also activates the Nrf2-keap1-ARE cascade to stabilize the tau-mediated increased level of ROS. These two parallel cellular events provide a significant rescue against human tau-mediated neurotoxicity in the fly models. For the first time we report a direct involvement of an oxygen sensing globin gene in tau etiology. In view of the fact that human genome encodes for the multiple Globin proteins including a nervous system specific neuroglobin; and therefore, our findings may pave the way to investigate if the conserved oxygen sensing globin gene(s) can be exploited in devising novel therapeutic strategies against tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Surajit Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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20
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Arasaratnam CJ, Singh-Bains MK, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM. Neuroimaging and neuropathology studies of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105186. [PMID: 33227492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP) is a recessive, genetically inherited neurodegenerative disorder endemic to Panay Island in the Philippines. Clinical symptoms include the initial appearance of dystonia, followed by parkinsonian traits after 10-15 years. The basal ganglia, particularly the striatum, is an area of focus in XDP neuropathology research, as the striatum shows marked atrophy that correlates with disease progression. Thus, XDP shares features of Parkinson's disease symptomatology, in addition to the genetic predisposition and presence of striatal atrophy resembling Huntington's disease. However, further research is required to reveal the detailed pathology and indicators of disease in the XDP brain. First, there are limited neuropathological studies that have investigated neuronal changes and neuroinflammation in the XDP brain. However, multiple neuroimaging studies on XDP patients provide clues to other affected brain regions. Furthermore, molecular pathological studies have elucidated that the main genetic cause of XDP is in the TAF-1 gene, but how this mutation relates to XDP neuropathology still remains to be fully investigated. Hence, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the current literature describing neuropathological changes within the XDP brain, and discuss future research avenues, which will provide a better understanding of XDP neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Malvindar K Singh-Bains
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, New Zealand; University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Dietary Mitophagy Enhancer: A Strategy for Healthy Brain Aging? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100932. [PMID: 33003315 PMCID: PMC7600282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nutritional interventions have received attention as promising approaches to promote human health during a lifespan. The Mediterranean and Okinawan diets have been associated with longevity and decreasing risk for age-related diseases in contrast to the Western diet. The effect might be due to several antioxidative bioactive compounds highly consumed in both diets, namely, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, curcumin, and spermidine. This review aims to address the underlying mechanisms of these compounds to enhance mental fitness throughout life with a focus on brain mitophagy. Mitophagy is the autophagic clearance of dysfunctional, redundant, and aged mitochondria. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitophagy is crucial to preserve the autophagy mechanism of the whole cell, especially during oxidative stress. Growing evidence indicates that curcumin, astaxanthin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, and spermidine might exert protective functions via antioxidative properties and as well the enhanced induction of mitophagy mediators. The compounds seem to upregulate mitophagy and thereby alleviate the clearance of dysfunctional and aged mitochondria as well as mitogenesis. Thus, the Mediterranean or Okinawan diet could represent a feasible nutritional approach to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive impairment and corresponding disorders via the stimulation of mitophagy and thereby ensure a balanced redox state of brain cells.
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22
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Kermanshahi S, Ghanavati G, Abbasi-Mesrabadi M, Gholami M, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M, Safari S. Novel Neuroprotective Potential of Crocin in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Illustrated Mechanistic Review. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2573-2585. [PMID: 32940861 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequently oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis that contribute to neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration. Recent studies reported that crocin, a carotenoid chemical compound common in crocus and gardenia flowers, has protective effects in neurodegenerative disorders due to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties in the nervous system. This article reviews the new experimental, clinical, and pharmacological studies on the neuroprotective properties of crocin and its potential mechanisms to modulate metabolic oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Kermanshahi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Beside the Milad Tower, P.O. Box: 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Ghanavati
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Beside the Milad Tower, P.O. Box: 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Abbasi-Mesrabadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Beside the Milad Tower, P.O. Box: 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Beside the Milad Tower, P.O. Box: 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat highway, Beside the Milad Tower, P.O. Box: 14496-14525, Tehran, Iran
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Yadati T, Houben T, Bitorina A, Shiri-Sverdlov R. The Ins and Outs of Cathepsins: Physiological Function and Role in Disease Management. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071679. [PMID: 32668602 PMCID: PMC7407943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal proteases that are mainly found in acidic endo/lysosomal compartments where they play a vital role in intracellular protein degradation, energy metabolism, and immune responses among a host of other functions. The discovery that cathepsins are secreted and remain functionally active outside of the lysosome has caused a paradigm shift. Contemporary research has unraveled many versatile functions of cathepsins in extralysosomal locations including cytosol and extracellular space. Nevertheless, extracellular cathepsins are majorly upregulated in pathological states and are implicated in a wide range of diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Taking advantage of the differential expression of the cathepsins during pathological conditions, much research is focused on using cathepsins as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A tailored therapeutic approach using selective cathepsin inhibitors is constantly emerging to be safe and efficient. Moreover, recent development of proteomic-based approaches for the identification of novel physiological substrates offers a major opportunity to understand the mechanism of cathepsin action. In this review, we summarize the available evidence regarding the role of cathepsins in health and disease, discuss their potential as biomarkers of disease progression, and shed light on the potential of extracellular cathepsin inhibitors as safe therapeutic tools.
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Martínez MA, Rodríguez JL, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Maximiliano JE, Anadón A, Ares I. Use of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to evaluate glyphosate-induced effects on oxidative stress, neuronal development and cell death signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105414. [PMID: 31874349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-containing herbicides are the most used agrochemicals in the world. Their indiscriminate application raises some concerns regarding the possible health and environmental hazards. In this study, we investigated in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y if oxidative stress, altered neurodevelopment and cell death pathways are involved in response to glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) exposures. MTT and LDH assays were carried out to assess the glyphosate and AMPA cytotoxicity. Lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and caspase-Glo 3/7 activity were evaluated. The neuroprotective role of melatonin (MEL), Trolox, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Sylibin against glyphosate- and AMPA-induced oxidative stress was examined. Glyphosate and AMPA effects on neuronal development related gene transcriptions, and gene expression profiling of cell death pathways by Real-Time PCR array were also investigated. Glyphosate (5 mM) and AMPA (10 mM) induced a significant increase in MDA levels, NO and ROS production and caspase 3/7 activity. Glyphosate exposure induced up-regulation of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, CAMK2A, CAMK2B and down-regulation of GAP43 and TUBB3 mRNA expression involved in normal neural cell development. In relation to gene expression profiling of cell death pathways, of the 84 genes examined in cells a greater than 2-fold change was observed for APAF1, BAX, BCL2, CASP3, CASP7, CASP9, SYCP2, TNF, TP53, CTSB, NFκB1, PIK3C3, SNCA, SQSTMT, HSPBAP1 and KCNIPI mRNA expression for glyphosate and AMPA exposures. These gene expression data can help to define neurotoxic mechanisms of glyphosate and AMPA. Our results demonstrated that glyphosate and AMPA induced cytotoxic effects on neuronal development, oxidative stress and cell death via apoptotic, autophagy and necrotic pathways and confirmed that glyphosate environmental exposure becomes a concern. This study demonstrates that SH-SY5Y cell line could be considered an in vitro system for pesticide screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Leong YQ, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Mechanisms of action of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein in neuronal cell death. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:11-30. [PMID: 31811496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the neuropathological findings of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the main component of senile plaques, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and its derivative called amyloid precursor protein (APP) both have been found to place their central roles in AD development for years. However, the recent therapeutics have yet to reverse or halt this disease. Previous evidence demonstrates that the accumulation of Aβ peptides and APP can exert neurotoxicity and ultimately neuronal cell death. Hence, we discuss the mechanisms of excessive production of Aβ peptides and APP serving as pathophysiologic stimuli for the initiation of various cell signalling pathways including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis and autophagy which lead to neuronal cell death. Conversely, the activation of such pathways could also result in the abnormal generation of APP and Aβ peptides. An elucidation of actions of APP and its metabolite, Aβ, could be vital in suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi Leong
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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26
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Reddy PH, Manczak M, Yin X, Reddy AP. Synergistic Protective Effects of Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 and Mitochondria-Targeted Small Peptide SS31 in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:1549-1565. [PMID: 29400667 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to determine the synergistic protective effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31 and mitochondria division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi1) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using biochemical methods, we assessed mitochondrial function by measuring the levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c oxidase activity, mitochondrial ATP, and GTPase Drp1 enzymatic activity in mutant AβPP cells. Using biochemical methods, we also measured cell survival and apoptotic cell death. Amyloid-β (Aβ) levels were measured using sandwich ELISA, and using real-time quantitative RT-PCR, we assessed mtDNA (mtDNA) copy number in relation to nuclear DNA (nDNA) in all groups of cells. We found significantly reduced levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in mutant AβPP cells treated with SS31, Mdivi1, and SS31+Mdivi1, and the reduction of Aβ42 levels were much higher in SS31+Mdivi1 treated cells than individual treatments of SS31 and Mdivi1. The levels of mtDNA copy number and cell survival were significantly increased in SS31, Mdivi1, and SS31+Mdivi1 treated mutant AβPP cells; however, the increased levels of mtDNA copy number and cell survival were much higher in SS31+Mdivi1 treated cells than individual treatments of SS31 and Mdivi1. Mitochondrial dysfunction is significantly reduced in SS31, Mdivi1, and SS31+Mdivi1 treated mutant AβPP cells; however, the reduction is much higher in cells treated with both SS31+Mdvi1. Similarly, GTPase Drp1 activity is reduced in all treatments, but reduced much higher in SS31+Mdivi1 treated cells. These observations strongly suggest that combined treatment of SS31+Mdivi1 is effective than individual treatments of SS31 and Mdivi1. Therefore, we propose that combined treatment of SS31+Mdivi1 is a better therapeutic strategy for AD. Ours is the first study to investigate combined treatment of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SS31 and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 in AD neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hemachandra Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Maria Manczak
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - XiangLing Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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27
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Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Donner C, Mühlgrabner V, Petrovčíková E, Zahradníková A, Vičíková K, Hořejší V, Stockinger H, Leksa V. The mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:519-530. [PMID: 30657605 PMCID: PMC6392118 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab0417-160rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasminogen system is harnessed in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as fibrinolysis, cell migration, or efferocytosis; and accordingly, it is essential upon inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and for homeostatic maintenance in general. Previously, we identified a plasminogen receptor in the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R, CD222). Here, we demonstrate by means of genetic knockdown, knockout, and rescue approaches combined with functional studies that M6P/IGF2R is up-regulated on the surface of macrophages, recognizes plasminogen exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells, and mediates plasminogen-induced efferocytosis. The level of uptake of plasminogen-coated apoptotic cells inversely correlates with the TNF-α production by phagocytes indicating tissue clearance without inflammation by this mechanism. Our results reveal an up-to-now undetermined function of M6P/IGF2R in clearance of apoptotic cells, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Machacek
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Donner
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mühlgrabner
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Petrovčíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Zahradníková
- Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Vičíková
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Václav Hořejší
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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28
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Karova K, Wainwright JV, Machova-Urdzikova L, Pisal RV, Schmidt M, Jendelova P, Jhanwar-Uniyal M. Transplantation of neural precursors generated from spinal progenitor cells reduces inflammation in spinal cord injury via NF-κB pathway inhibition. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:12. [PMID: 30654804 PMCID: PMC6335809 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a chain of events that is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction leading to necrotic cell death at the core of the injury site, which is restricted by astrogliosis and apoptotic cell death in the surrounding areas. Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been shown to be associated with inflammatory response induced by SCI. Here, we elucidate the pattern of activation of NF-κB in the pathology of SCI in rats and investigate the effect of transplantation of spinal neural precursors (SPC-01) on its activity and related astrogliosis. METHODS Using a rat compression model of SCI, we transplanted SPC-01 cells or injected saline into the lesion 7 days after SCI induction. Paraffin-embedded sections were used to assess p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation at days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 and to determine levels of glial scaring, white and gray matter preservation, and cavity size at day 28 after SCI. Additionally, levels of p65 phosphorylated at Serine536 were determined 10, 14, and 28 days after SCI as well as levels of locally secreted TNF-α. RESULTS We determined a bimodal activation pattern of canonical p65 NF-κB signaling pathway in the pathology of SCI with peaks at 3 and 28 days after injury induction. Transplantation of SCI-01 cells resulted in significant downregulation of TNF-α production at 10 and 14 days after SCI and in strong inhibition of p65 NF-κB activity at 28 days after SCI, mainly in the gray matter. Moreover, reduced formation of glial scar was found in SPC-01-transplanted rats along with enhanced gray matter preservation and reduced cavity size. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate strong immunomodulatory properties of SPC-01 cells based on inhibition of a major signaling pathway. Canonical NF-κB pathway activation underlines much of the immune response after SCI including cytokine, chemokine, and apoptosis-related factor production as well as immune cell activation and infiltration. Reduced inflammation may have led to observed tissue sparing. Additionally, such immune response modulation could have impacted astrocyte activation resulting in a reduced glial scar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucia Machova-Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rishikaysh V Pisal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meic Schmidt
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic. .,2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Weiland A, Wang Y, Wu W, Lan X, Han X, Li Q, Wang J. Ferroptosis and Its Role in Diverse Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4880-4893. [PMID: 30406908 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently identified, iron-regulated, non-apoptotic form of cell death. It is characterized by cellular accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species that ultimately leads to oxidative stress and cell death. Although first identified in cancer cells, ferroptosis has been shown to have significant implications in several neurologic diseases, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. This review summarizes current research on ferroptosis, its underlying mechanisms, and its role in the progression of different neurologic diseases. Understanding the role of ferroptosis could provide valuable information regarding treatment and prevention of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Weiland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Captical Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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30
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Zella MAS, May C, Müller T, Ahrens M, Tönges L, Gold R, Marcus K, Woitalla D. Landscape of pain in Parkinson’s disease: impact of gender differences. Neurol Res 2018; 41:87-97. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1531208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Samis Zella
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel, Contilia Gruppe, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Krankenhaus Berlin-Weißensee, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Ahrens
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Katholische Kliniken Ruhrhalbinsel, Contilia Gruppe, Essen, Germany
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31
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Kimura S, Iwasaki T, Oe K, Shimizu K, Suemori T, Kanazawa T, Shioji N, Kuroe Y, Matsuoka Y, Morimatsu H. High Ionized Calcium Concentration Is Associated With Prolonged Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit for Postoperative Pediatric Cardiac Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 32:1667-1675. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Kattaia AAAA, Abd El-Baset SA, Mohamed EM. Heat Shock Proteins in Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90725-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Neuroprotective action of undecylenic acid (UDA) encapsulated into PCL nanocarriers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang CY, Sun ZN, Wang MX, Zhang C. SIRT1 mediates salidroside-elicited protective effects against MPP + -induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement in suppressing MAPK pathways. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:84-94. [PMID: 28851138 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, leading to tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and gait impairment. Salidroside has been reported to exhibit antioxidative and neuroprotective properties in PD. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms effects of salidroside are poorly understood. Recently, a growing body of evidences suggest that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) plays important roles in the pathophysiology of PD. Hence, the present study investigated the roles of SIRT1 in neuroprotective effect of salidroside against N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury. Our findings revealed that salidroside attenuates MPP+ -induced neurotoxicity as evidenced by the increase in cell viability, and the decreases in the caspase-3 activity and apoptosis ratio. Simultaneously, salidroside pretreatment remarkably increased SIRT1 activity, SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels in MPP+ -treated SH-SY5Y cell. However, sirtinol, a SIRT1 activation inhibitor, significantly blocked the inhibitory effects of salidroside on MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In addition, salidroside abolished MPP+ -induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, the down-regulations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in SH-SY5Y cells, while these effects were also blocked by sirtinol. Finally, we found that the inhibition of salidroside on MPP+ -induced phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) were also reversed by sirtinol in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, these results indicated that SIRT1 contributes to the neuroprotection of salidroside against MPP+ -induced apoptosis and oxidative stress, in part through suppressing of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zhao-Nan Sun
- Department of General surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ming-Xin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngological, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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35
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Abraham KJ, Ostrowski LA, Mekhail K. Non-Coding RNA Molecules Connect Calorie Restriction and Lifespan. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3196-3214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Can adnexal torsion be predicted by measuring plasma heat shock protein 70 level? An experimental study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:941-946. [PMID: 28866782 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of adnexal torsion on the plasma heat shock protein 70 level and to determine whether plasma heat shock protein 70 can be used in the adnexal torsion diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one nulligravid 3-month-old female Wistar albino rats were randomly and equally allocated into three groups: study group (ovarian torsion) (n = 7), laparotomy group (sham operation) (n = 7) and control group (received no special treatment) (n = 7). Ovarian torsion model was created by twisting the right adnexa two times around its pedicle and fixing over the lateral pelvis with 6.0 polyglactin absorbable surgical suture. Blood was sampled before and 12 h after operation to assess plasma heat shock protein 70 level. RESULTS In the study group, the mean plasma heat shock protein 70 level was significantly higher than that in the laparotomy and control groups (1.75 ± 0.25), (1.16 ± 0.99), (1.19 ± 0.11) ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.001), following 12 h of ovarian torsion. CONCLUSION A significant increase in plasma heat shock protein 70 level in the study group indicates that plasma heat shock protein 70 level could be used as a serum marker in the early detection of adnexal torsion. However, further clinical and experimental studies of a larger size are required.
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Hambright WS, Fonseca RS, Chen L, Na R, Ran Q. Ablation of ferroptosis regulator glutathione peroxidase 4 in forebrain neurons promotes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Redox Biol 2017; 12:8-17. [PMID: 28212525 PMCID: PMC5312549 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss and neuron death are the underlying cause of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the modalities of cell death in those diseases remain unclear. Ferroptosis, a newly identified oxidative cell death mechanism triggered by massive lipid peroxidation, is implicated in the degeneration of neurons populations such as spinal motor neurons and midbrain neurons. Here, we investigated whether neurons in forebrain regions (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) that are severely afflicted in AD patients might be vulnerable to ferroptosis. To this end, we generated Gpx4BIKO mouse, a mouse model with conditional deletion in forebrain neurons of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), a key regulator of ferroptosis, and showed that treatment with tamoxifen led to deletion of Gpx4 primarily in forebrain neurons of adult Gpx4BIKO mice. Starting at 12 weeks after tamoxifen treatment, Gpx4BIKO mice exhibited significant deficits in spatial learning and memory function versus Control mice as determined by the Morris water maze task. Further examinations revealed that the cognitively impaired Gpx4BIKO mice exhibited hippocampal neurodegeneration. Notably, markers associated with ferroptosis, such as elevated lipid peroxidation, ERK activation and augmented neuroinflammation, were observed in Gpx4BIKO mice. We also showed that Gpx4BIKO mice fed a diet deficient in vitamin E, a lipid soluble antioxidant with anti-ferroptosis activity, had an expedited rate of hippocampal neurodegeneration and behavior dysfunction, and that treatment with a small-molecule ferroptosis inhibitor ameliorated neurodegeneration in those mice. Taken together, our results indicate that forebrain neurons are susceptible to ferroptosis, suggesting that ferroptosis may be an important neurodegenerative mechanism in diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sealy Hambright
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rene Solano Fonseca
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Liuji Chen
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ren Na
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qitao Ran
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Kamelia E, Asadul Isl A, Hatta M, Kaelan C, Patellongi I, Nasrum Mas M, Tammasse J, . N, Hardjo M, Bintang M, Miko H. Evaluation of Caspase-3 mRNA Gene Expression Activity in Amyloid Beta-induced Alzheimer’s Disease Rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2017.117.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chwastek J, Jantas D, Lasoń W. The ATM kinase inhibitor KU-55933 provides neuroprotection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage via a γH2AX/p-p53/caspase-3-independent mechanism: Inhibition of calpain and cathepsin D. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:38-53. [PMID: 28341201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a well-known protein engaged in DNA damage repair, in the regulation of neuronal responses to oxidative stress remains unexplored. Thus, the neuroprotective efficacy of KU-55933, a potent inhibitor of ATM, against cell damage evoked by oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) has been studied in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and compared with the efficacy of this agent in models of doxorubicin (Dox)- and staurosporine (St)-evoked cell death. KU-55933 inhibited the cell death induced by H2O2 or Dox but not by St in undifferentiated (UN-) and retinoic acid-differentiated (RA)-SH-SY5Y cells, with a more pronounced effect in the latter cell phenotype. Furthermore, this ATM inhibitor attenuated the Dox- but not H2O2-induced caspase-3 activity in both UN- and RA-SH-SY5Y cells. Although KU-55933 inhibited the H2O2- and Dox-induced activation of ATM, it attenuated the toxin-induced phosphorylation of the proteins H2AX and p53 only in the latter model of cell damage. Moreover, the ATM inhibitor prevented the H2O2-evoked increases in calpain and cathepsin D activity and attenuated cell damage to a similar degree as inhibitors of calpain (MDL28170) and cathepsin D (pepstatin A). Finally, we confirmed the neuroprotective potential of KU-55933 against the H2O2- and Dox-evoked cell damage in primary mouse cerebellar granule cells and in the mouse hippocampal HT-22 cell line. Altogether, our results extend the neuroprotective portfolio of KU-55933 to a model of oxidative stress, with this effect not involving inhibition of the γH2AX/p-p53/caspase-3 pathway and instead associated with the attenuation of calpain and cathepsin D activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Chwastek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Danuta Jantas
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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González-Sarrías A, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Neuroprotective Effects of Bioavailable Polyphenol-Derived Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:752-758. [PMID: 28142243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary polyphenols can exert health benefits, but their direct effects on neuronal cells are debatable because most phenolics are metabolized and do not reach the brain as they occur in the dietary sources. Herein, we evaluate the effects of a panel of bioavailable polyphenols and derived metabolites at physiologically relevant conditions against H2O2-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Among the 19 metabolites tested, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and urolithins prevented neuronal apoptosis via attenuation of ROS levels, increased REDOX activity, and decreased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by preventing the caspase-3 activation via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. This suggests that dietary sources containing the polyphenol precursors of these molecules such as cocoa, berries, walnuts, and tea could be potential functional foods to reduce oxidative stress associated with the onset and progress of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Han J, Qu Q, Qiao J, Zhang J. Vincamine Alleviates Amyloid-β 25-35 Peptides-induced Cytotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:123-128. [PMID: 28216895 PMCID: PMC5307895 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.196309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Vincamine is a plant alkaloid used clinically as a peripheral vasodilator that increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose utilization by neural tissue to combat the effect of aging. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of vincamine on amyloid-β 25–35 (Aβ25–35) induced cytotoxicity, to gain a better understanding of the neuroprotective effects of this clinically used anti-Alzheimer's disease drug. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis detection was performed using an Annexin-V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using an ROS Assay Kit. Western blot detection was carried out to detect the protein expression. Results: Our studies showed that pretreatment with vincamine could reduce Aβ25–35 induced oxidative stress. Vincamine markedly inhibited cell apoptosis dose-dependently. More importantly, vincamine increased the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Bcl-2 family protein ratios on preincubation with cells for 2 h. Conclusion: Above observation led us to assume that one possible mechanism of vincamine protects Aβ25-35-induced cell death could be through upregulation of SOD and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. SUMMARY Vincamine ameliorates amyloid-β 25–35 (Aβ25–35) peptides induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells Vincamine reduces Aβ 25–35 peptides induced apoptosis of PC12 cells Vincamine activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway Vincamine up-regulates the superoxide dismutase.
Abbreviation used: Aβ25-35: Amyloid-β 25-35; AD: Alzheimer's disease; BCA: Bicinchoninic acid; GSH: glutathione; PBS: Phosphate buffered solution; SDS: Sodium dodecylsulphate; SOD: Superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Vaine CA, Shin D, Liu C, Hendriks WT, Dhakal J, Shin K, Sharma N, Bragg DC. X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism patient cells exhibit altered signaling via nuclear factor-kappa B. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 100:108-118. [PMID: 28017799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of medium spiny neurons within the striatum. An XDP-specific haplotype has been identified, consisting of seven sequence variants which cluster around the human TAF1 gene, but a direct relationship between any of these variants and disease pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. Because the pathogenic gene lesion remains unclear, it has been difficult to predict cellular pathways which are affected in XDP cells. To address that issue, we assayed expression of defined gene sets in XDP vs. control fibroblasts to identify networks of functionally-related transcripts which may be dysregulated in XDP patient cells. That analysis derived a 51-gene signature distinguishing XDP vs. control fibroblasts which mapped strongly to nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor pathway also implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Constitutive and TNFα-evoked NFκB signaling was further evaluated in XDP vs. control fibroblasts based on luciferase reporter activity, DNA binding of NFκB subunits, and endogenous target gene transcription. Compared to control cells, XDP fibroblasts exhibited decreased basal NFκB activity and decreased levels of the active NFκB p50 subunit, but increased target gene expression in response to TNFα. NFκB signaling was further examined in neural stem cells differentiated from XDP and control induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, revealing a similar pattern of increased TNFα responses in the patient lines compared to controls. These data indicate that an NFκB signaling phenotype is present in both patient fibroblasts and neural stem cells, suggesting this pathway as a site of dysfunction in XDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Vaine
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Hendriks
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jyotsna Dhakal
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kyle Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - D Cristopher Bragg
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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The neuroprotective effects of orthosteric agonists of group II and III mGluRs in primary neuronal cell cultures are dependent on developmental stage. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:195-211. [PMID: 27600687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) modulates neuronal excitability. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective potential of four structurally diverse activators of group II and III mGluRs: an orthosteric agonist of group II (LY354740), an orthosteric agonist of group III (ACPT-I), an allosteric agonist of mGluR7 (AMN082) and a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGluR4 (VU0361737). Neurotoxicity was induced by the pro-apoptotic agents: staurosporine (St) and doxorubicin (Dox) or the excitotoxic factor glutamate (Glu). The effects were analyzed in primary hippocampal (HIP) and cerebellar granule cell (CGC) cultures at two developmental stages, at 7 and 12 days in vitro (DIV). The data reveal a general neuroprotective effect of group II and III mGluR activators against the St- and Glu- but not Dox-induced cell damage. We found that neuroprotective effects of group II and III mGluR orthosteric agonists (LY354740 and ACPT-I) were higher at 12 DIV when compared to 7 DIV cells. In contrast, the efficiency of allosteric mGluR agents (AMN082 and VU0361737) did not differ between 7 and 12 DIV in both, St and Glu models of neuronal cell damage. Interestingly, the protective effects of activators of group II and III mGluRs were blocked by relevant antagonists only against Glu-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, the observed neuroprotective action of group II and III mGluR activators in the St model was associated with a decreased number of PI-positive cells and no alterations in the caspase-3 activity. Finally, we showed that MAPK/ERK pathway activation was potentially involved in the mechanism of ACPT-I- and AMN082-induced neuroprotection against the St-evoked cellular damage. Our comparative study demonstrated the developmental stage-dependent neuroprotective effect of orthosteric group II and III mGluR agonists. In comparison to allosteric modulators, orthosteric compounds may provide more specific tools for suppression of neuronal cell loss associated with various chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Our results also suggest that the inhibition of intracellular pathways mediating necrotic, rather than apoptotic cascades, may be involved in neuroprotective effects of activators of group II and III mGluRs.
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Therapeutic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Secretome for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: An In Vitro Study. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8102478. [PMID: 27403169 PMCID: PMC4923581 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome obtained from stem cell cultures contains an array of neurotrophic factors and cytokines that might have the potential to treat neurodegenerative conditions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common human late onset and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of secretome derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to reduce cytotoxicity and apoptosis caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide. We determined whether DPSCs can secrete the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin (NEP), and evaluated the effects of NEP expression in vitro by quantitating Aβ-degrading activity. The results showed that DPSC secretome contains higher concentrations of VEGF, Fractalkine, RANTES, MCP-1, and GM-CSF compared to those of bone marrow and adipose stem cells. Moreover, treatment with DPSC secretome significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of Aβ peptide by increasing cell viability compared to nontreated cells. In addition, DPSC secretome stimulated the endogenous survival factor Bcl-2 and decreased the apoptotic regulator Bax. Furthermore, neprilysin enzyme was detected in DPSC secretome and succeeded in degrading Aβ 1-42 in vitro in 12 hours. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that DPSCs may serve as a promising source for secretome-based treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Strategies against Parkinson's Disease: Recent Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060904. [PMID: 27338353 PMCID: PMC4926438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a progressive motor disease that affects 1.5 million Americans and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s. Typical neuropathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra that project to the striatum (nigro-striatal pathway) and depositions of cytoplasmic fibrillary inclusions (Lewy bodies) which contain ubiquitin and α-synuclein. The cardinal motor signs of PD are tremors, rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), poor balance, and difficulty in walking (Parkinsonian gait). In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms that include autonomic and psychiatric as well as cognitive impairments are pressing issues that need to be addressed. Several different mechanisms play an important role in generation of Lewy bodies; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced unfolded proteins, neuroinflammation and eventual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mid brain in PD. Moreover, these diverse processes that result in PD make modeling of the disease and evaluation of therapeutics against this devastating disease difficult. Here, we will discuss diverse mechanisms that are involved in PD, neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies currently in clinical trial or in preclinical stages, and impart views about strategies that are promising to mitigate PD pathology.
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Singh SP, Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Singh SP, Singh DP. Delivery of a protein transduction domain-mediated Prdx6 protein ameliorates oxidative stress-induced injury in human and mouse neuronal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C1-16. [PMID: 26447207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00229.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress or reduced expression of naturally occurring antioxidants during aging has been identified as a major culprit in neuronal cell/tissue degeneration. Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6, a protective protein with GSH peroxidase and acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activities, acts as a rheostat in regulating cellular physiology by clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby optimizing gene regulation. We found that under stress, the neuronal cells displayed reduced expression of Prdx6 protein and mRNA with increased levels of ROS, and the cells subsequently underwent apoptosis. Using Prdx6 fused to TAT transduction domain, we showed evidence that Prdx6 was internalized in human brain cortical neuronal cells, HCN-2, and mouse hippocampal cells, HT22. The cells transduced with Prdx6 conferred resistance against the oxidative stress inducers paraquat, H2O2, and glutamate. Furthermore, Prdx6 delivery ameliorated damage to neuronal cells by optimizing ROS levels and overstimulation of NF-κB. Intriguingly, transduction of Prdx6 increased the expression of endogenous Prdx6, suggesting that protection against oxidative stress was mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic Prdx6. The results demonstrate that Prdx6 expression is critical to protecting oxidative stress-evoked neuronal cell death. We propose that local or systemic application of Prdx6 can be an effective means of delaying/postponing neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunjai P Singh
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bhavana Chhunchha
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nigar Fatma
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan; and
| | - Sanjay P Singh
- Department of Neurology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
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Maino B, D'Agata V, Severini C, Ciotti MT, Calissano P, Copani A, Chang YC, DeLisi C, Cavallaro S. Igf1 and Pacap rescue cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis via a common transcriptional program. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1. [PMID: 26941962 PMCID: PMC4773033 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A shift of the delicate balance between apoptosis and survival-inducing signals determines the fate of neurons during the development of the central nervous system and its homeostasis throughout adulthood. Both pathways, promoting or protecting from apoptosis, trigger a transcriptional program. We conducted whole-genome expression profiling to decipher the transcriptional regulatory elements controlling the apoptotic/survival switch in cerebellar granule neurons following the induction of apoptosis by serum and potassium deprivation or their rescue by either insulin-like growth factor-1 (Igf1) or pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (Pacap). Although depending on different upstream signaling pathways, the survival effects of Igf1 and Pacap converged into common transcriptional cascades, thus suggesting the existence of a general transcriptional program underlying neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maino
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Italian National Research Council, 00143 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Agata Copani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Yi-Chien Chang
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles DeLisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Italian National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Bavithra S, Sugantha Priya E, Selvakumar K, Krishnamoorthy G, Arunakaran J. Effect of Melatonin on Glutamate: BDNF Signaling in the Cerebral Cortex of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)-Exposed Adult Male Rats. Neurochem Res 2015. [PMID: 26224288 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various epidemiological survey suggests that the central nervous system is the target for many environmental contaminants. One among them is Aroclor 1254, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) which explore a spectrum of biochemical and neurotoxic responses in humans and laboratory animals. Learning and motor coordination deficits are the profound effects of PCBs which may be related to cerebral dysfunction. The aim of the study is to elicit the protective effect of melatonin (Mel), a potent, blood brain permeable antioxidant against the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the signaling of glutamate-principal excitatory neurotransmitter and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebral cortex of adult rats which plays a key role in brain functions. Adult male Wistar rats were grouped into four and treated intraperitonealy (i.p) Group I with corn oil (Control), Group II with PCBs (2 mg/kg/bwt), Group III with PCBs + Mel (2 mg/kg/bwt + 5 mg/kg/bwt) and Group IV with Mel (5 mg/kg/bwt). The protein expression of glutamate signaling molecules and mRNA expressions of GLAST, BDNF signaling molecules were analyzed. The results suggest that simultaneous melatonin treatment significantly attenuated the NMDA receptor mediated glutamate excitotoxicity and protects the inhibition of BDNF signaling caused by PCBs exposure in cerebral cortex of adult male rats. Schematic pathway illustrating the proposed mechanism by which melatonin protects against A1254 mediated glutamate induced neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex of adult male rats. PCBs induced neurodegeneration is caused by the overactivation of NMDAR, followed by the activation of voltage dependent calcium channels leading to the increase in intracellular Ca(2+) that stimulates calpain. Calpain inturn inhibits the PKA α and neurtrophin BDNF, its receptor and downstream signaling MAPK pathway leading to neurodegeneration. Melatonin had scavenged the ROS produced by PCBS and decreased the NMDAR expression which inturn protected the cells from neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bavithra
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600 113, India
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Kamalakannan V, Shiny A, Babu S, Narayanan RB. Autophagy protects monocytes from Wolbachia heat shock protein 60-induced apoptosis and senescence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003675. [PMID: 25849993 PMCID: PMC4388636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte dysfunction by filarial antigens has been a major mechanism underlying immune evasion following hyporesponsiveness during patent lymphatic filariasis. Recent studies have initiated a paradigm shift to comprehend the immunological interactions of Wolbachia and its antigens in inflammation, apoptosis, lymphocyte anergy, etc. Here we showed that recombinant Wolbachia heat shock protein 60 (rWmhsp60) interacts with TLR-4 and induces apoptosis in monocytes of endemic normal but not in chronic patients. Higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced after TLR-4 stimulation resulted in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase cascade activation, which are the plausible reason for apoptosis. Furthermore, release in ROS owing to TLR-4 signaling resulted in the activation of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation which leads to inflammation and apoptosis via TNF receptor pathway following the increase in IL-6 and TNF-α level. Here for the first time, we report that in addition to apoptosis, rWmhsp60 antigen in filarial pathogenesis also induces molecular senescence in monocytes. Targeting TLR-4, therefore, presents a promising candidate for treating rWmhsp60-induced apoptosis and senescence. Strikingly, induction of autophagy by rapamycin detains TLR-4 in late endosomes and subverts TLR-4-rWmhsp60 interaction, thus protecting TLR-4–mediated apoptosis and senescence. Furthermore, rapamycin-induced monocytes were unresponsive to rWmhsp60, and activated lymphocytes following PHA stimulation. This study demonstrates that autophagy mediates the degradation of TLR-4 signaling and protects monocytes from rWmhsp60 induced apoptosis and senescence. Despite knowing the significance of Wolbachia in helminth infections, our understanding of immunity and pathogenesis remains incomplete. Therefore, considering the gravity of the problem, the present study provides evidence that Wolbachia heat shock protein 60 induces apoptosis and senescence through TLR-4. Also, binding of rWmhsp60 to TLR-4 triggered caspase cascade activation following, ROS-mediated mitochondrial potential loss. Moreover, we found that nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was predominantly related to TLR-4 expression and resulted in apoptosis- and senescence-mediated inflammation via TNF-α and IL-6. Hence, we hypothesized that modifying TLR-4 expression may provide a plausible target for designing antiparasitic drugs. Here we have shown that induction of autophagy by rapamycin destabilizes TLR-4 expression and protects monocytes from rWmhsp60-induced apoptosis and senescence. In addition, rapamycin-induced monocytes were unresponsive to rWmhsp60 and triggered lymphocyte activation after PHA stimulation. Thus, synergistic usage of rapamycin with existing anti-filarial drugs might reduce the TLR-mediated inflammatory reactions following microfilaricidal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abijit Shiny
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health—National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jantas D, Greda A, Leskiewicz M, Grygier B, Pilc A, Lason W. Neuroprotective effects of mGluR II and III activators against staurosporine- and doxorubicin-induced cellular injury in SH-SY5Y cells: New evidence for a mechanism involving inhibition of AIF translocation. Neurochem Int 2015; 88:124-37. [PMID: 25661514 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are several experimental data sets demonstrating the neuroprotective effects of activation of group II and III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR II/III), however, their effect on neuronal apoptotic processes has yet to be fully recognized. Thus, the comparison of the neuroprotective potency of the mGluR II agonist LY354740, mGluR III agonist ACPT-I, mGluR4 PAM VU0361737, mGluR8 PAM AZ12216052 and allosteric mGluR7 agonist AMN082 against staurosporine (St-) and doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cell death has been performed in undifferentiated (UN-) and retinoic acid differentiated (RA-) human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The highest neuroprotection in UN-SH-SY5Y cells was noted for AZ12216052 (0.01-1 µM) and VU0361737 (1-10 µM), with both agents partially attenuating the St- and Dox-evoked cell death. LY354740 (0.01-10 µM) and ACPT-I (10 µM) were protective only against the St-evoked cell damage, whereas AMN082 (0.001-0.01 µM) attenuated only the Dox-induced cell death. In RA-SH-SY5Y, a moderate neuroprotective response of mGluR II/III activators was observed for LY354740 (10 µM) and AZ12216052 (0.01 and 10 µM), which afforded protection only against the St-induced cell damage. The protection mediated by mGluR II/III activators against the St- and Dox-evoked cell death in UN-SH-SY5Y cells was not related to attenuation of caspase-3 activity, however, a decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei was found. Moreover, mGluR II/III activators attenuated the cytosolic level of the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), which was increased after St and Dox exposure. Our data point to differential neuroprotective efficacy of various mGluR II/III activators in attenuating St- and Dox-evoked cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells, and dependence of the effects on the cellular differentiation state, as well on the type of the pro-apoptotic agent that is employed. Moreover, the neuroprotection mediated by mGluR II/III activators is accompanied by inhibition of caspase-3-independent DNA fragmentation evoked by AIF translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland.
| | - A Greda
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - M Leskiewicz
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - B Grygier
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - A Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
| | - W Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12 Street, Krakow PL 31-343, Poland
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