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Zakeri N, Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Solati-Hashjin M. Signaling molecules orchestrating liver regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1715-1737. [PMID: 33043611 DOI: 10.1002/term.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The liver is in charge of more than 500 functions in the human body, which any damage and failure to the liver can significantly compromise human life. Numerous studies are being carried out in regenerative medicine, as a potential driving force, toward alleviating the need for liver donors and fabrication of a 3D-engineered transplantable hepatic tissue. Liver tissue engineering brings three main factors of cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules together, while each of these three factors tries to mimic the physiological state of the tissue to direct tissue regeneration. Signaling molecules play a crucial role in directing tissue fabrication in liver tissue engineering. When mimicking the natural in vivo process of regeneration, it is tightly associated with three main phases of differentiation, proliferation (progression), and tissue maturation through vascularization while directing each of these phases is highly regulated by the specific signaling molecules. The understanding of how these signaling molecules guide the dynamic behavior of regeneration would be a tool for further tailoring of bioengineered systems to help the liver regeneration with many cellular, molecular, and tissue-level functions. Hence, the signaling molecules come to aid all these phases for further improvements toward the clinical use of liver tissue engineering as the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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Cesaretti M, Zarzavajian Le Bian A, Moccia S, Iannelli A, Schiavo L, Diaspro A. From deceased to bioengineered graft: New frontiers in liver transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 33:72-76. [PMID: 30598370 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the worldwide context of graft shortage, several strategies have been explored to increase the number of grafts available for liver transplantation (LT). These include the use of marginal and living donors, split livers, and the improvement of marginal donor grafts (machine perfusion). However, recent advances in the understanding of liver organogenesis, stem cells, and matrix biology provide novel insights in tissue engineering. Today, the newest technologies and discoveries open the door to the development of new methods for organ implementation such as the recellularization of natural scaffolds, liver organoids, bio-printing, and tissue or generation of chimeric organs. These approaches might potentially to generate an unlimited source of grafts (allogenic or chimeric) which will be used in the near future for LT or as a temporary bridge toward LT. This qualitative review focuses on all methods of organ implementation and highlights the newest developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cesaretti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; IIT - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanophysics Department, Genova, Italy; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice - Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France.
| | - Alban Zarzavajian Le Bian
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris XIII, Bobigny, France
| | - Sara Moccia
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Information Engineering, Ancona, Italy; IIT - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Department of Advanced Robotics, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice - Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France; Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic complications of obesity", France
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- IIT - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanophysics Department, Genova, Italy
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Impact of Three-Dimentional Culture Systems on Hepatic Differentiation of Puripotent Stem Cells and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30357683 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Generation of functional hepatocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a vital tool to produce large amounts of human hepatocytes, which hold a great promise for biomedical and regenerative medicine applications. Despite a tremendous progress in developing the differentiation protocols recapitulating the developmental signalling and stages, these resulting hepatocytes from hPSCs yet achieve maturation and functionality comparable to those primary hepatocytes. The absence of 3D milieu in the culture and differentiation of these hepatocytes may account for this, at least partly, thus developing an optimal 3D culture could be a step forward to achieve this aim. Hence, review focuses on current development of 3D culture systems for hepatic differentiation and maturation and the future perspectives of its application.
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Tan RP, Chan AHP, Lennartsson K, Miravet MM, Lee BSL, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Clayton ZE, Cooke JP, Ng MKC, Patel S, Wise SG. Integration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells with polycaprolactone/gelatin-based electrospun scaffolds for enhanced therapeutic angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29562916 PMCID: PMC5863387 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem-cell derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) can be generated from any somatic cell and their iPSC sources possess unlimited self-renewal. Previous demonstration of their proangiogenic activity makes them a promising cell type for treatment of ischemic injury. As with many other stem cell approaches, the low rate of in-vivo survival has been a major limitation to the efficacy of iPSC-ECs to date. In this study, we aimed to increase the in-vivo lifetime of iPSC-ECs by culturing them on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)/gelatin scaffolds, before quantifying the subsequent impact on their proangiogenic function. METHODS iPSC-ECs were isolated and stably transfected with a luciferase reporter to facilitate quantification of cell numbers and non-invasive imaging in-vivo PCL/gelatin scaffolds were engineered using electrospinning to obtain woven meshes of nanofibers. iPSC-ECs were cultured on scaffolds for 7 days. Subsequently, cell growth and function were assessed in vitro followed by implantation in a mouseback subcutaneous model for 7 days. RESULTS Using a matrix of conditions, we found that scaffold blends with ratios of PCL:gelatin of 70:30 (PG73) spun at high flow rates supported the greatest levels of iPSC-EC growth, retention of phenotype, and function in vitro. Implanting iPSC-ECs seeded on PG73 scaffolds in vivo improved their survival up to 3 days, compared to cells directly injected into control wounds, which were no longer observable within 1 h. Enhanced engraftment improved blood perfusion, observed through non-invasive laser Doppler imaging. Immunohistochemistry revealed a corresponding increase in host angiogenic mechanisms characterized by the enhanced recruitment of macrophages and the elevated expression of proangiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of these mechanisms combined with a deeper understanding of the scaffold parameters influencing this function provides the groundwork for optimizing future iPSC-EC therapies utilizing engraftment platforms. The development of combined scaffold and iPSC-EC therapies could ultimately improve therapeutic angiogenesis and the treatment of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Alex H P Chan
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | - Bob S L Lee
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Steven G Wise
- The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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de Lazari MGT, Pereira LX, Viana CTR, Orellano LAA, de Almeida SA, Vasconcelos AC, Ribeiro GB, Couto LC, Andrade SP, Campos PP. Induction of liver proliferation using a polymeric platform in mice. Life Sci 2018; 193:226-233. [PMID: 29097158 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Currently, animal models of liver regeneration are based on extensive lesions of the native organ and on cellular approaches using biomaterials to host growth factors and extracellular components to create artificial liver systems. We report a polymeric biological platform, minimally invasive, that induced sequential proliferation of liver parenchyma inside the scaffold in mice. MAIN METHODS Porous discs of polyether-polyurethane were surgically placed under the left liver lobe and removed at days 4, 8, 12 and 25 after implantation. No exogenous growth factors or extracellular matrix components were added to the scaffold. Histological analysis of the implants was performed to identify hepatocytes, liver vascular structures and bile ducts in the newly formed tissue. In addition, systemic markers for hepatic function were determined. KEY FINDINGS This biohybrid device provided a scaffold that was gradually filled with parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver tissue as detected by histological analysis. At day 4, the pores of the scaffold were filled with inflammatory cells and spindled-shaped like fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix components. At day 8, hepatocytes clusters, central lobular hepatic veins, portal space containing arteries, veins and biliary ducts were detected. By days 12 and 25 a liver-like structure filled 2/3 of the scaffold. Its organization resembled that of a mature liver. Serum concentration of ALT increased three-fold initially after implantation, returning gradually to control levels. SIGNIFICANCE The plain synthetic scaffold (without addition of exogenous molecules) placed under the intact left liver lobe exhibits the potential to investigate physiological mechanisms that regulate liver parenchyma proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Xavier Pereira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso Tarso Rodrigues Viana
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laura Alejandra Ariza Orellano
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Aparecida de Almeida
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giani Barbosa Ribeiro
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leticia Chinait Couto
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Passos Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Peixoto Campos
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Perez RA, Jung CR, Kim HW. Biomaterials and Culture Technologies for Regenerative Therapy of Liver Tissue. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27860372 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative approach has emerged to substitute the current extracorporeal technologies for the treatment of diseased and damaged liver tissue. This is based on the use of biomaterials that modulate the responses of hepatic cells through the unique matrix properties tuned to recapitulate regenerative functions. Cells in liver preserve their phenotype or differentiate through the interactions with extracellular matrix molecules. Therefore, the intrinsic properties of the engineered biomaterials, such as stiffness and surface topography, need to be tailored to induce appropriate cellular functions. The matrix physical stimuli can be combined with biochemical cues, such as immobilized functional groups or the delivered actions of signaling molecules. Furthermore, the external modulation of cells, through cocultures with nonparenchymal cells (e.g., endothelial cells) that can signal bioactive molecules, is another promising avenue to regenerate liver tissue. This review disseminates the recent approaches of regenerating liver tissue, with a focus on the development of biomaterials and the related culture technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Regenerative Medicine Research Institute; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona 08017 Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Gene Therapy Research Unit; KRIBB; 125 Gwahak-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN); Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science; Dankook University Dental College; Cheonan 330-714 Republic of Korea
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Rutledge KE, Cheng Q, Jabbarzadeh E. Modulation of Inflammatory Response and Induction of Bone Formation Based on Combinatorial Effects of Resveratrol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27175310 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The success of bone tissue engineering strategies critically depends on the rapid formation of a mature vascular network in the scaffolds after implantation. Conventional methods to accelerate the infiltration of host vasculature into the scaffolds need to consider the role of host response in regulation of bone tissue ingrowth and extent of vascularization. The long term goal of this study was to harness the potential of inflammatory response to enhance angiogenesis and bone formation in three dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Towards this goal, we explored the use of resveratrol, a natural compound commonly used in complementary medicine, to enable the concurrently (i) mediate M1 to M2 macrophage plasticity, (ii) impart natural release of angiogenic factors by macrophages and (iii) enhance osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We mapped the time-dependent response of macrophage gene expression as well as hMSC osteogenic differentiation to varying doses of resveratrol. The utility of this approach was evaluated in 3D poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) sintered microsphere scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Our results altogether delineate the potential to synergistically accelerate angiogenic factor release and upregulate osteogenic signaling pathways by "dialing" the appropriate degree of resveratrol release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy E Rutledge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Qingsu Cheng
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
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Samal J, Weinandy S, Weinandy A, Helmedag M, Rongen L, Hermanns-Sachweh B, Kundu SC, Jockenhoevel S. Co-Culture of Human Endothelial Cells and Foreskin Fibroblasts on 3D Silk-Fibrin Scaffolds Supports Vascularization. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1433-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Samal
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
| | - Stefan Weinandy
- Applied Medical Engineering; UKA, Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Agnieszka Weinandy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University and JARA-BRAIN Translational Medicine; Pauwelsstraβe 30 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marius Helmedag
- Applied Medical Engineering; UKA, Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lisanne Rongen
- Applied Medical Engineering; UKA, Pauwelsstraße 20 52074 Aachen Germany
| | | | - Subhas C. Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
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Andrejecsk JW, Chang WG, Pober JS, Saltzman WM. Controlled protein delivery in the generation of microvascular networks. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 5:75-88. [PMID: 25767747 PMCID: PMC4354697 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid induction and stabilization of new microvascular networks is essential for the proper functioning of engineered tissues. Many efforts to achieve this goal have used proangiogenic proteins-such as vascular endothelial growth factors-to induce the formation of new microvessels. These proteins have demonstrated promise in improving vascularization, but it is also clear that the spatial and temporal presentation of these signals is important for achieving proper vascular function. Delivery systems that present proteins in a localized and sustained manner, can promote the formation and stabilization of microvascular networks by precisely presenting proangiogenic proteins at desired locations, and for specified durations. Further, these systems allow for some control over the sequence of release of multiple proteins, and it has become clear that such coordination is critical for the development of fully functional and mature vascular structures. This review focuses on the actions of proangiogenic proteins and the innovations in controlled release technologies that precisely deliver these to stimulate microvascular network formation and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Chang
- Department of Medicine and Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Departments of Immunobiology, Pathology, and Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
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Henry L, Labied S, Fransolet M, Kirschvink N, Blacher S, Noel A, Foidart JM, Nisolle M, Munaut C. Isoform 165 of vascular endothelial growth factor in collagen matrix improves ovine cryopreserved ovarian tissue revascularisation after xenotransplantation in mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:12. [PMID: 25888918 PMCID: PMC4369824 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive anti-cancer treatments can result in ovarian failure. Ovarian cryopreservation has been developed to preserve the fertility of young women, but early graft revascularisation still requires improvement. METHODS Frozen/thawed sheep ovarian cortical biopsies were embedded in collagen matrix with or without isoform 165 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165) and transplanted into ovaries of immunodeficient mice. Ovaries were chosen as transplantation sites to more closely resemble clinical conditions in which orthotopic transplantation has previously allowed several spontaneous pregnancies. RESULTS We found that VEGF165 significantly increased the number of Dextran-FITC positive functional vessels 3 days after grafting. Dextran- fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) positive vessels were detectable in 53% and 29% of the mice in the VEGF-treated and control groups, respectively. Among these positive fragments, 50% in the treated group displayed mature smooth-muscle-actin-alpha (alpha-SMA) positive functional vessels compared with 0% in the control group. CD31 positive murine blood vessels were observed in 40% of the VEGF165 transplants compared with 21% of the controls. After 3 weeks, the density of murine vessels was significantly higher in the VEGF165 group. CONCLUSION The encapsulation of ovarian tissue in collagen matrix in the presence of VEGF165 before grafting has a positive effect on functional blood vessel recruitment. It can be considered as a useful technique to be improved and further developed before human clinical applications in female cancer patients in the context of fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Henry
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Gynecology, University of Liège, Boulevard du XIIème de Ligne, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Soraya Labied
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Gynecology, University of Liège, Boulevard du XIIème de Ligne, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Maïté Fransolet
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Kirschvink
- Veterinary Integrated Research Unit, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Silvia Blacher
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Michel Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Department of Gynecology, University of Liège, Boulevard du XIIème de Ligne, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Carine Munaut
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA-R), University of Liège (B23) Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Abstract
Despite the tremendous hurdles presented by the complexity of the liver's structure and function, advances in liver physiology, stem cell biology and reprogramming, and the engineering of tissues and devices are accelerating the development of cell-based therapies for treating liver disease and liver failure. This State of the Art Review discusses both the near- and long-term prospects for such cell-based therapies and the unique challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science at MIT, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, David H. Koch Institute at MIT, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gregory H Underhill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ira J Fox
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Shteyer E, Ben Ya'acov A, Zolotaryova L, Sinai A, Lichtenstein Y, Pappo O, Kryukov O, Elkayam T, Cohen S, Ilan Y. Reduced liver cell death using an alginate scaffold bandage: a novel approach for liver reconstruction after extended partial hepatectomy. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3209-16. [PMID: 24607858 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extended partial hepatectomy may be needed in cases of large hepatic mass, and can lead to fulminant hepatic failure. Macroporous alginate scaffold is a biocompatible matrix which promotes the growth, differentiation and long-term hepatocellular function of primary hepatocytes in vitro. Our aim was to explore the ability of implanted macroporous alginate scaffolds to protect liver remnants from acute hepatic failure after extended partial hepatectomy. An 87% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed on C57BL/6 mice to compare non-treated mice to mice in which alginate or collagen scaffolds were implanted after PH. Mice were scarified 3, 6, 24 and 48 h and 6 days following scaffold implantation and the extent of liver injury and repair was examined. Alginate scaffolds significantly increased animal survival to 60% vs. 10% in non-treated and collagen-treated mice (log rank=0.001). Mice with implanted alginate scaffolds manifested normal and prolonged aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferases serum levels as compared with the 2- to 20-fold increase in control groups (P<0.0001) accompanied with improved liver histology. Sustained normal serum albumin levels were observed in alginate-scaffold-treated mice 48 h after hepatectomy. Incorporation of BrdU-positive cells was 30% higher in the alginate-scaffold-treated group, compared with non-treated mice. Serum IL-6 levels were significantly decreased 3h post PH. Biotin-alginate scaffolds were quickly well integrated within the liver tissue. Collectively, implanted alginate scaffolds support liver remnants after extended partial hepatectomy, thus eliminating liver injury and leading to enhanced animal survival after extended partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Shteyer
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ami Ben Ya'acov
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lidia Zolotaryova
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Sinai
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Lichtenstein
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Pappo
- Department of Pathology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Olga Kryukov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tsiona Elkayam
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Liver Unit, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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Ohashi K, Okano T. Functional Tissue Engineering of the Liver and Islets. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:73-82. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Ohashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Shinjyuku-ku Tokyo Japan
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Uygun BE, Yarmush ML. Engineered liver for transplantation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:893-9. [PMID: 23791465 PMCID: PMC3783566 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end stage liver failure and the shortage of donor organs severely limits the number of patients receiving transplants. Liver tissue engineering aims to address the donor liver shortage by creating functional tissue constructs to replace a damaged or failing liver. Despite decades of work, various bottoms-up, synthetic biomaterials approaches have failed to produce a functional construct suitable for transplantation. Recently, a new strategy has emerged using whole organ scaffolds as a vehicle for tissue engineering. This technique involves preparation of these organ scaffolds via perfusion decellularization with the resulting scaffold retaining the circulatory network of the native organ. This important phenomenon allows for the construct to be repopulated with cells and to be connected to the blood torrent upon transplantation. This opinion paper presents the current advances and discusses the challenges of creating fully functional transplantable liver grafts with this whole liver engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children in Boston, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA, Phone: 1-617-371-4879, Fax: 617-573-9471
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children in Boston and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, Phone: 1-617-371-4882, Fax: 617-573-9471
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16
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Nunes SS, Maijub JG, Krishnan L, Ramakrishnan VM, Clayton LR, Williams SK, Hoying JB, Boyd NL. Generation of a functional liver tissue mimic using adipose stromal vascular fraction cell-derived vasculatures. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2141. [PMID: 23828203 PMCID: PMC3701895 DOI: 10.1038/srep02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cell implantation therapies is to promote integration of the microcirculation between the implanted cells and the host. We used adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to vascularize a human liver cell (HepG2) implant. We hypothesized that the SVF cells would form a functional microcirculation via vascular assembly and inosculation with the host vasculature. Initially, we assessed the extent and character of neovasculatures formed by freshly isolated and cultured SVF cells and found that freshly isolated cells have a higher vascularization potential. Generation of a 3D implant containing fresh SVF and HepG2 cells formed a tissue in which HepG2 cells were entwined with a network of microvessels. Implanted HepG2 cells sequestered labeled LDL delivered by systemic intravascular injection only in SVF-vascularized implants demonstrating that SVF cell-derived vasculatures can effectively integrate with host vessels and interface with parenchymal cells to form a functional tissue mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Nunes
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Lin P, Lin CW, Mansour R, Gu F. Improving biocompatibility by surface modification techniques on implantable bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:451-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sun G, Mao JJ. Engineering dextran-based scaffolds for drug delivery and tissue repair. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1771-84. [PMID: 23210716 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its chemically reactive hydroxyl groups, dextran can be modified with different functional groups to form spherical, tubular and 3D network structures. The development of novel functional scaffolds for efficient controlled release and tissue regeneration has been a major research interest, and offers promising therapeutics for many diseases. Dextran-based scaffolds are naturally biodegradable and can serve as bioactive carriers for many protein biomolecules. The reconstruction of the in vitro microenvironment with proper signaling cues for large-scale tissue regenerative scaffolds has yet to be fully developed, and remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine. This paper will describe recent advances in dextran-based polymers and scaffolds for controlled release and tissue engineering. Special attention is given to the development of dextran-based hydrogels that are precisely manipulated with desired structural properties and encapsulated with defined angiogenic growth factors for therapeutic neovascularization, as well as their potential for wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Sun
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Dental Medicine, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Initially hailed as the ultimate solution to organ failure, engineering of vascularized tissues such as the liver has stalled because of the need for a well-structured circulatory system that can maintain the cells seeded inside the construct. A new approach has evolved to overcome this obstacle. Whole-organ decellularization is a method that retains most of the native vascular structures of the organ, providing microcirculatory support and structure, which can be anastomosed with the recipient circulation. The technique was first applied to the heart and then adapted for the liver. Several studies have shown that cells can be eliminated, the extracellular matrix and vasculature are reasonably preserved and, after repopulation with hepatocytes, these grafts can perform hepatic functions in vitro and in vivo. Progress is rapidly being made as researchers are addressing several key challenges to whole-organ tissue engineering, such as ensuring correct cell distribution, nonparenchymal cell seeding, blood compatibility, immunological concerns, and the source of cells and matrices.
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Hou YT, Ijima H, Shirakigawa N, Takei T, Kawakami K. Development of growth factor-immobilizable material for hepatocyte transplantation. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Liver tissue engineering: Recent advances in the development of a bio-artificial liver. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Singh S, Wu BM, Dunn JCY. Enhancing angiogenesis alleviates hypoxia and improves engraftment of enteric cells in polycaprolactone scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:925-33. [PMID: 22511397 DOI: 10.1002/term.1484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether expediting angiogenesis in porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds could reduce hypoxia and consequently improve the survival of transplanted enteric cells. To accelerate angiogenesis, we delivered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using PCL scaffolds with surface crosslinked heparin. The fabrication and characterization of scaffolds has been reported in our previous study. Enteric cells, isolated from intestinal tissue of neonatal mice and expanded in vitro for 10 days, exhibited high expression levels for contractile protein α-smooth muscle actin and desmin. The cultured enteric cells were seeded in scaffolds and were implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice for 7 and 14 days. At day 7, the heparin-modified PCL scaffolds with VEGF exhibited significantly increased angiogenesis and engraftment of enteric cells, with a simultaneous reduction in hypoxia. At day 14, the blood vessels grew across the entire thickness of the scaffold and resulted in a significantly diminished hypoxic environment; however, the transplanted cell density did not increase further. In conclusion, the enhancement of angiogenesis reduced cellular hypoxia and improved the engraftment of enteric cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hammond JS, Lobo DN. Emerging roles for biomaterials in the treatment of liver disease. Expert Rev Med Devices 2012; 9:181-8. [PMID: 22404778 DOI: 10.1586/erd.11.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review explores potential roles for biomaterials in the field of liver surgery and hepatology. The studies reviewed are presented in three sections. The first section discusses liver regeneration and strategies to modulate it. The second section outlines the pathophysiology of liver inflammation and fibrosis and highlights novel therapeutic targets. The final section summarises the current challenges in liver surgery and discusses how biomaterials may be used to address these challenges and focuses on early translational applications for biomaterials for drug delivery and liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Hammond
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Vasanthan KS, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Role of biomaterials, therapeutic molecules and cells for hepatic tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:742-52. [PMID: 22265845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current liver transplantation strategies face severe shortcomings owing to scarcity of donors, immunogenicity, prohibitive costs and poor survival rates. Due to the lengthy list of patients requiring transplant, high mortality rates are observed during the endless waiting period. Tissue engineering could be an alternative strategy to regenerate the damaged liver and improve the survival and quality of life of the patient. The development of an ideal scaffold for liver tissue engineering depends on the nature of the scaffold, its architecture and the presence of growth factors and recognition motifs. Biomimetic scaffolds can simulate the native extracellular matrix for the culture of hepatocytes to enable them to exhibit their functionality both in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the physiology and pathophysiology of liver, the current treatment strategies, use of various scaffolds, incorporation of adhesion motifs, growth factors and stem cells that can stabilize and maintain hepatocyte cultures for a long period.
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Abstract
Alginate is a biomaterial that has found numerous applications in biomedical science and engineering due to its favorable properties, including biocompatibility and ease of gelation. Alginate hydrogels have been particularly attractive in wound healing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications to date, as these gels retain structural similarity to the extracellular matrices in tissues and can be manipulated to play several critical roles. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of general properties of alginate and its hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and suggest new perspectives for future studies with these polymers.
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Wu Y, Guo F, Liu J, Xiao X, Huang L, He D. Triple labeling with three thymidine analogs reveals a well-orchestrated regulation of hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. Hepatol Res 2011; 41:1230-9. [PMID: 21917088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM After a two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx) in rodents, the remaining cells will proliferate and restore the lost liver mass within 7 days. Previous studies have proved that the residual hepatocytes proliferate in a synchronous manner. However, the existing data can not reflect the chronicle of individual hepatocytes proliferation during liver regeneration. METHODS In this study, a combination of pulse and continuous labeling using three thymidine analogs, Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU) and Iododeoxyuridine (IdU), were used to analyze the cell proliferation of rat liver after PHx. This strategy allows us to follow an individual cell for more than one cell cycle and to define how many cells and which cells undergo multiple divisions. RESULTS The residual hepatocytes clustered into three subpopulations to initiate the proliferation sequentially, and the corresponding percentage of each was 32%, 17%, and 36%. Meanwhile, the remaining 15% of hepatocytes never proliferated. In addition, the periportal hepatocytes were the first to respond to PHx stimulation and re-proliferated synchronously at 54 h. Furthermore, at least 11% of residual hepatocytes were identified to divide thrice or more. CONCLUSION Based on the present analysis, we concluded a sequential model of the initial proliferation in residual hepatocytes, and for the first time, quantitatively elucidated the proliferation manner of three subpopulations during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Wu
- Universities' Confederated Institute of Proteomics, Key laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Hou YT, Ijima H, Takei T, Kawakami K. Growth factor/heparin-immobilized collagen gel system enhances viability of transplanted hepatocytes and induces angiogenesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 112:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gao J, Liu J, Gao Y, Wang C, Zhao Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Miao Q, Dai J. A myocardial patch made of collagen membranes loaded with collagen-binding human vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates healing of the injured rabbit heart. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2739-47. [PMID: 21682575 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-engineered myocardial patches could be useful in the repair of myocardial injuries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a collagen targeting delivery system for myocardial repair. A specific peptide collagen-binding domain (CBD) was fused to human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance the binding of VEGF to collagen. In this study, collagen membranes loaded with CBD-VEGF, natural VEGF, or phosphate-buffered saline are used as cardiac patches to repair the infarcted myocardium in a rabbit model. CBD-VEGF/collagen group could effectively induce more cells to penetrate into the collagen membrane after 4 weeks and promote more vascularization in infarcted myocardium after 12 weeks compared with the other two control groups. Echocardiography and hemodynamic studies both show cardiac function improvement in the CBD-VEGF/collagen group. These results reveal that implantation of CBD-VEGF collagen membrane patch into the infarcted myocardium could effectively improve left ventricle cardiac function and increase the vascular density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kedem A, Hourvitz A, Fisch B, Shachar M, Cohen S, Ben-Haroush A, Dor J, Freud E, Felz C, Abir R. Alginate scaffold for organ culture of cryopreserved-thawed human ovarian cortical follicles. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:761-9. [PMID: 21785966 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare macroporous alginate scaffolds with Matrigel for culturing frozen-thawed human primordial follicles in organ culture. METHODS Twelve girls/women donated ovarian tissue. One tissue sample was fixed immediately after thawing (uncultured samples). Slices were cultured for 2 weeks on either Matrigel or on alginate scaffolds with a serum-free culture medium. Growth evaluation consisted of follicular counts and classification, immunohistochemistry and measurement of 17β-Estradiol (E(2)) production. RESULTS The number of developing follicles was significantly higher in alginate scaffold-cultured samples than on Matrigel with a concomitant decrease in the number of primordial follicles in alginate scaffold-cultured samples than uncultured samples. The number of atretic follicles after 1 week was significantly higher in the Matrigel-cultured samples than in the alginate scaffold cultured samples. E(2) production was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Three dimensional alginate scaffolds are a promising putative in vitro technology for developing human primordial follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Kedem
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine,Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv, Israel
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Abir R, Fisch B, Jessel S, Felz C, Ben-Haroush A, Orvieto R. Improving posttransplantation survival of human ovarian tissue by treating the host and graft. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:1205-10. [PMID: 20817170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.07.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve posttransplantation survival of frozen-thawed human ovarian tissue in immunodeficient mice. DESIGN Histologic study of transplanted human ovaries after treating the host and graft. SETTING Infertility unit, university-affiliated tertiary medical center. PATIENT(S) Ovarian tissue from six girls/women (aged 5-23 years) who had undergone ovarian laparoscopy for fertility preservation. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Thawed ovarian samples were transplanted into the back muscle of immunodeficient mice divided into four groups: A) no treatment; B) host treatment with vitamin E and gonadotropins before and after grafting; C) graft incubation with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vitamin E before transplantation; and D) host as in B, graft as in C. Ungrafted thawed samples served as control. Assessment of graft survival was conducted by follicle counts, apoptosis evaluation, immunohistochemical stainings for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and VEGF-A expression. RESULT(S) Only grafts incubated before transplantation (groups C and D) retained their original size. Follicle number was low in all grafts. PCNA expression was found in most grafts. Apoptosis was significantly lower in the untreated and treated grafts transplanted into treated hosts (groups B and D) than in ungrafted-thawed samples and group A grafts. All grafted groups had significantly higher expression of VEGF-A than ungrafted-thawed samples. CONCLUSION(S) Survival of transplanted human ovarian tissue may be improved by treatment of the host and graft. Further studies to evaluate treatments with a potential benefit in human ovarian autotransplantation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Abir
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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He Q, Zhao Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Zhang J, Chen L, Chen W, Deng F, Dai J. Improved cellularization and angiogenesis using collagen scaffolds chemically conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1084-93. [PMID: 20977949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Much research has focused on developing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery systems to enhance angiogenesis in wound repair and in tissue engineering. Collagen can be used as a delivery system because of its biocompatibility, but its fast degradation rate and limited affinity with growth factors are disadvantageous for maintaining a sufficient growth factor concentration at injury sites. To enhance VEGF binding to collagen scaffolds and reduce the collagen degradation rate we found a simple way to modify porous collagen scaffolds by chemical addition of sulfhydryl groups, which then allow both cross-linking of the collagen fibers with each other and the immobilization of more VEGF in the scaffold after treatment with sulfo-SMCC. We demonstrated that cross-linking led to a slower degradation rate of the collagen scaffolds, while cellularization was improved by both cross-linking and the presence of VEGF. On the other hand, angiogenesis was increased only moderately by cross-linking, but significantly more by the presence of immobilized VEGF. We conclude that collagen scaffolds chemically conjugated to VEGF by Traut's reagent and sulfo-SMCC is an effective delivery system in wound repair and tissue engineering.
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Purpose-driven biomaterials research in liver-tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:110-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Scaffolds containing growth factors and extracellular matrix induce hepatocyte proliferation and cell migration in normal and regenerating rat liver. J Hepatol 2011; 54:279-87. [PMID: 21126791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic drug delivery from implantable scaffolds is being developed as a strategy to modulate growth and enhance regeneration at the time of liver resection. In this study we examine the effects of scaffolds containing hepatocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 1, fibroblast growth factor 2, and liver-derived extracellular matrix (L-ECM) when implanted into normal and partially hepatectomized rat livers. METHODS Scaffolds loaded with combinations of growth factors and L-ECM were implanted into normal livers (controls=L-ECM, polymer or sham) and livers following partial hepatectomy (controls=partial hepatectomy or sham). The primary end points were hepatocyte DNA synthesis and liver tissue penetration into scaffolds. Secondary end points included non-parenchymal cell DNA synthesis, liver weight analysis, liver function, and histological characterisation of the peri-implant parenchyma. RESULTS Four days after implantation in normal livers, there was significantly more hepatocyte proliferation around growth factor scaffolds than controls. Seven days after implantation, there was significantly more tissue penetration into growth factor scaffolds than control scaffolds. ED-1 and desmin positive cells were present in the pores of scaffolds. Two days after partial hepatectomy, there was significantly more hepatocyte proliferation around scaffold implanted livers than after partial hepatectomy alone. CONCLUSIONS Growth factors and L-ECM accelerated non-parenchymal cell migration into scaffolds and increased hepatocyte and non-parenchymal cell proliferation around them. These results demonstrate the potential for intrahepatic implantation of scaffolds containing growth factors and L-ECM to modulate growth in the normal and regenerating liver.
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Li J, Tao R, Wu W, Cao H, Xin J, Li J, Guo J, Jiang L, Gao C, Demetriou AA, Farkas DL, Li L. 3D PLGA scaffolds improve differentiation and function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1427-36. [PMID: 20055663 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver tissue engineering with hepatic stem cells provides a promising alternative to liver transplantation in patients with acute and chronic hepatic failure. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffold was introduced for differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into hepatocytes. For hepatocyte differentiation, third passage BMSCs isolated from normal adult F344 rats were seeded into collagen-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (C-PLGA) 3D scaffolds with hepatocyte differentiation medium for 3 weeks. Hepatogenesis in scaffolds was characterized by reverse transcript PCR, western blot, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), periodic acid-Schiff staining, histochemistry, and biochemical assays with hepatic-specific genes and markers. A monolayer culture system was used as a control differentiation group. The results showed that isolated cells possessed the basic features of BMSCs. Differentiated hepatocyte-like cells in C-PLGA scaffolds expressed hepatocyte-specific markers [eg, albumin (ALB), alpha-fetoprotein, cytokeratin 18, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, and cytochrome P450] at mRNA and protein levels. Most markers were expressed in C-PLGA group 1 week earlier than in the control group. Results of biocompatibility indicated that the differentiated hepatocyte-like cells grew more stably in C-PLGA scaffolds than that in controls during a 3-week differentiation period. The significantly higher metabolic functions in hepatocyte-like cells in the C-PLGA scaffold group further demonstrated the important role of the scaffold. CONCLUSION As the phenomenon of transdifferentiation is uncommon, our successful transdifferentiation rates of BMSCs to mature hepatocytes prove the superiority of the C-PLGA scaffold in providing a suitable environment for such a differentiation. This material can possibly be used as a bioscaffold for liver tissue engineering in future clinical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Re’em T, Cohen S. Microenvironment Design for Stem Cell Fate Determination. TISSUE ENGINEERING III: CELL - SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR TISSUE CULTURE 2011; 126:227-62. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2011_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Kaminer-Israeli Y, Shapiro J, Cohen S, Monsonego A. Stromal cell-induced immune regulation in a transplantable lymphoid-like cell constructs. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9273-84. [PMID: 20869768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Engineering of cell-based constructs for treating a variety of immune-related diseases by local transplantation of the cells in a pre-designed matrix is an emerging therapeutic approach, which can potentially reduce the side effects associated with systemic cell injection. Stromal cells have been shown to exert immunosuppressive properties and thus can be exploited for autoimmune regulation and cell transplantation. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a stromal cell-based construct, which serves as a lymphoid-like organ with immune regulatory characteristics. In the proposed system, stromal cells are co-seeded with dendritic cells (DC) in a macro-porous alginate scaffold containing the encephalitogenic myelin-derived peptide, proteolipid protein (PLP). We demonstrate that the presence of stromal cells attenuates DC maturation upon lipopolysaccharide stimulus. In vitro, we show that while the migration of pathogenic PLP-specific T cells to construct cultivated with or without stromal cells does not differ, their activation and proliferation are significantly suppressed in the presence of stromal cells. Upon in vivo transplantation, under the kidney capsule of mice, the pathogenic activation and proliferation of T cells which were drawn into the construct were suppressed in the co-seeded constructs. This system thus serves as a lymphoid-like organ with regulatory characteristics, which can be applied for local tolerance induction, for application in cell transplantations as well as autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kaminer-Israeli
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Zheng MH, Ye C, Braddock M, Chen YP. Liver tissue engineering: promises and prospects of new technology. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:349-60. [PMID: 20053145 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903479655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Today, many patients suffer from acute liver failure and hepatoma. This is an area of high unmet clinical need as these conditions are associated with very high mortality. There is an urgent need to develop techniques that will enable liver tissue engineering or generate a bioartificial liver, which will maintain or improve liver function or offer the possibility of liver replacement. Liver tissue engineering is an innovative way of constructing an implantable liver and has the potential to alleviate the shortage of organ donors for orthotopic liver transplantation. In this review we describe, from an engineering perspective, progress in the field of liver tissue engineering, including three main aspects involving cell sources, scaffolds and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China
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Hardy MA, Witkowski P, Sondermeijer H, Harris P. The long road to pancreatic islet transplantation. World J Surg 2010; 34:625-7. [PMID: 19830482 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hardy
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 177 Fort Washington Ave., Milstein Pavilion, 7 SK, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Han B, Meng B, Cui G, Wu Z, Yu L, Zhu H, Ma H, Shi J, Lv Y. Regeneration of Splenic Autotransplants Attached on Liver by a Tissue Adhesive. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:1944-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Morais JM, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Burgess DJ. Biomaterials/tissue interactions: possible solutions to overcome foreign body response. AAPS J 2010; 12:188-96. [PMID: 20143194 PMCID: PMC2844517 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-010-9175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of biomaterial implantable devices has been developed. Of particular significance to pharmaceutical sciences is the progress made on the development of drug/implantable device combination products. However, the clinical application of these devices is still a critical issue due to the host response, which results from both the tissue trauma during implantation and the presence of the device in the body. Accordingly, the in vivo functionality and durability of any implantable device can be compromised by the body response to the foreign material. Numerous strategies to overcome negative body reactions have been reported. The aim of this review is to outline some key issues of biomaterial/tissue interactions such as foreign body response and biocompatibility and biocompatibility assessment. In addition, general approaches used to overcome the in vivo instability of implantable devices are presented, including (a) biocompatible material coatings, (b) steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (c) angiogenic drugs. In particular, strategies to overcome host response to glucose biosensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Morais
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
| | | | - Diane J. Burgess
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
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Harding MJ, Lepus CM, Gibson TF, Shepherd BR, Gerber SA, Graham M, Paturzo FX, Rahner C, Madri JA, Bothwell ALM, Lindenbach BD, Pober JS. An implantable vascularized protein gel construct that supports human fetal hepatoblast survival and infection by hepatitis C virus in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9987. [PMID: 20376322 PMCID: PMC2848675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Widely accessible small animal models suitable for the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in vivo are lacking, primarily because rodent hepatocytes cannot be productively infected and because human hepatocytes are not easily engrafted in immunodeficient mice. Methodology/Principal Findings We report here on a novel approach for human hepatocyte engraftment that involves subcutaneous implantation of primary human fetal hepatoblasts (HFH) within a vascularized rat collagen type I/human fibronectin (rCI/hFN) gel containing Bcl-2-transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Bcl-2-HUVEC) in severe combined immunodeficient X beige (SCID/bg) mice. Maturing hepatic epithelial cells in HFH/Bcl-2-HUVEC co-implants displayed endocytotic activity at the basolateral surface, canalicular microvilli and apical tight junctions between adjacent cells assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Some primary HFH, but not Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells, appeared to differentiate towards a cholangiocyte lineage within the gels, based on histological appearance and cytokeratin 7 (CK7) mRNA and protein expression. Levels of human albumin and hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) mRNA expression in gel implants and plasma human albumin levels in mice engrafted with HFH and Bcl-2-HUVEC were somewhat enhanced by including murine liver-like basement membrane (mLBM) components and/or hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-HUVEC within the gel matrix. Following ex vivo viral adsorption, both HFH/Bcl-2-HUVEC and Huh-7.5/Bcl-2-HUVEC co-implants sustained HCV Jc1 infection for at least 2 weeks in vivo, based on qRT-PCR and immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) analyses of gel tissue. Conclusion/Significance The system described here thus provides the basis for a simple and robust small animal model of HFH engraftment that is applicable to the study of HCV infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Harding
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the hepatic portal system may not be the optimal site for islet transplantation, several extrahepatic sites have been studied. Here, we examine an intramuscular transplantation site, bioengineered to better support islet neovascularization, engraftment, and survival, and we demonstrate that at this novel site, grafted beta cell mass may be quantitated in a real-time noninvasive manner by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced rats were pretreated intramuscularly with a biocompatible angiogenic scaffold received syngeneic islet transplants 2 weeks later. The recipients were monitored serially by blood glucose and glucose tolerance measurements and by PET imaging of the transplant site with [11C] dihydrotetrabenazine. Parallel histopathologic evaluation of the grafts was performed using insulin staining and evaluation of microvasularity. RESULTS Reversal of hyperglycemia by islet transplantation was most successful in recipients pretreated with bioscaffolds containing angiogenic factors when compared with those who received no bioscaffolds or bioscaffolds not treated with angiogenic factors. PET imaging with [11C] dihydrotetrabenazine, insulin staining, and microvascular density patterns were consistent with islet survival, increased levels of angiogenesis, and with reversal of hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS Induction of increased neovascularization at an intramuscular site significantly improves islet transplant engraftment and survival compared with controls. The use of a nonhepatic transplant site may avoid intrahepatic complications and permit the use of PET imaging to measure and follow transplanted beta cell mass in real time. These findings have important implications for effective islet implantation outside of the liver and offer promising possibilities for improving islet survival, monitoring, and even prevention of islet loss.
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Sun G, Kusuma S, Gerecht S. The Integrated Role of Biomaterials and Stem Cells in Vascular Regeneration. STUDIES IN MECHANOBIOLOGY, TISSUE ENGINEERING AND BIOMATERIALS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2010_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Azzarello J, Kropp BP, Fung KM, Lin HK. Age-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenic capability of bladder smooth muscle cells: implications for cell-seeded technology in bladder tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:579-89. [DOI: 10.1002/term.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ben-Ari A, Rivkin R, Frishman M, Gaberman E, Levdansky L, Gorodetsky R. Isolation and implantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with fibrin micro beads to repair a critical-size bone defect in mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2537-46. [PMID: 19292680 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrin microbeads (FMBs) made using thermal treatment of fibrin drops in oil can efficiently isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow (BM) and other similar sources and culture them continuously in suspension culture. The pure mesenchymal profile of MSCs isolated using FMBs and their differentiation potency to different mesenchymal lineages were previously described in detail. In the current study, MSCs were isolated from the BM of (GFP+) C57/bl mice using FMBs. Addition of pro-osteogenic medium with 10 mM of ss-glycerolphosphate, 50 microg/mL of ascorbic acid, and 10(-8) M of dexamethasone for 1 month resulted in ossified bone-like solid cellular structures, as seen using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Such spontaneously formed structures were implanted in full-depth approximately 5-mm-diameter drilled defects in the skulls of wild-type c57/bl mice. Two months later, the excised upper parts of the skulls with the defects were viewed using fluorescence microscopy for green fluorescence protein of the cells in the defect and using SEM. They were also scanned using micro-computed tomography to visualize the formation of new hard tissue. Then the samples were processed and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Implanted FMBs loaded with (GFP+) MSCs formed partially mature, dense bone-like tissue using a residual moderate inflammatory process containing remnants of FMBs and neo-angiogenesis. The filled defect with bone-like tissue had a Ca/P ratio similar to that of native bone. Limited merging of the implant with the skull indicated that the induced bone regeneration derived from the MSCs that were delivered with the implant. No repair was seen in the control animals without implants or where the defect was filled with FMBs only. Repair scoring (on a 0-5 scale) was found to be 3.38+/-0.35 in the experimental arm, relative to 0 in the controls (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Ben-Ari
- Laboratory for Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Prevascularization of cardiac patch on the omentum improves its therapeutic outcome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14990-5. [PMID: 19706385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812242106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress made in the bioengineering of cardiac patches offers a new therapeutic modality for regenerating the myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI). We present here a strategy for the engineering of a cardiac patch with mature vasculature by heterotopic transplantation onto the omentum. The patch was constructed by seeding neonatal cardiac cells with a mixture of prosurvival and angiogenic factors into an alginate scaffold capable of factor binding and sustained release. After 48 h in culture, the patch was vascularized for 7 days on the omentum, then explanted and transplanted onto infarcted rat hearts, 7 days after MI induction. When evaluated 28 days later, the vascularized cardiac patch showed structural and electrical integration into host myocardium. Moreover, the vascularized patch induced thicker scars, prevented further dilatation of the chamber and ventricular dysfunction. Thus, our study provides evidence that grafting prevascularized cardiac patch into infarct can improve cardiac function after MI.
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Spadaccio C, Chello M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Toyoda Y, Genovese JA. Drug releasing systems in cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:422-39. [PMID: 19379142 PMCID: PMC3822506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease and atherosclerosis are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of suitable autologous grafts has produced a need for artificial grafts; however, current artificial grafts carry significant limitations, including thrombosis, infection, limited durability and the inability to grow. Tissue engineering of blood vessels, cardiovascular structures and whole organs is a promising approach for creating replacement tissues to repair congenital defects and/or diseased tissues. In an attempt to surmount the shortcomings of artificial grafts, tissue-engineered cardiovascular graft (TECVG), constructs obtained using cultured autologous vascular cells seeded onto a synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold, have been developed. Autologous TECVGs have the potential advantages of growth, durability, resistance to infection, and freedom from problems of rejection, thrombogenicity and donor scarcity. Moreover polymers engrafted with growth factors, cytokines, drugs have been developed allowing drug-releasing systems capable of focused and localized delivery of molecules depending on the environmental requirements and the milieu in which the scaffold is placed. A broad range of applications for compound-releasing, tissue-engineered grafts have been suggested ranging from drug delivery to gene therapy. This review will describe advances in the development of drug-delivery systems for cardiovascular applications focusing on the manufacturing techniques and on the compounds delivered by these systems to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiac and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heart, Lung & Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gorodetsky R. The use of fibrin based matrices and fibrin microbeads (FMB) for cell based tissue regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 8:1831-46. [PMID: 18990071 DOI: 10.1517/14712590802494576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its good cell attachment capabilities and promotion of cell migration, fibrin serves as an interim cell-binding matrix in wounded tissues. Due to their fast degradation, unprocessed fibrin matrices have limited use in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE To describe stable fibrin-based matrices for isolation, growth and delivery of stem cells for implantation to enhance tissue regeneration. METHODS Fibrin microbeads (FMB) were produced by moderate-heat condensation of fibrin particles in oil without compromising the cell binding capability of the fibrin. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were separated from different sources at much higher yields with FMB. They were further expanded on them in suspension without trypsinization and passages. Cells on FMB could be induced to differentiate into different phenotypes, such as bone and cartilage. This enabled implantation of the cells on FMB for cell-based tissue regeneration. CONCLUSIONS FMB technology provides a simple and effective method for cell separation, expansion in suspension and delivery for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gorodetsky
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biotechnology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12,000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
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Freeman I, Cohen S. The influence of the sequential delivery of angiogenic factors from affinity-binding alginate scaffolds on vascularization. Biomaterials 2009; 30:2122-31. [PMID: 19152972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the features of tissue-engineering scaffold capable of sequentially delivering three angiogenic factors. The scaffold consists of alginate-sulfate/alginate, wherein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) are bound to alginate-sulfate with an affinity similar to that realized upon their binding to heparin. Factor release rate from the scaffold was correlated with the equilibrium binding constants of the factors to the matrix, thus enabling the sequential delivery of VEGF, PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1. In alginate scaffolds lacking alginate-sulfate, release of the adsorbed proteins was instantaneous. After subcutaneous implantation for 1 and 3 months in rats, the blood vessel density and percentage of mature vessels were 3-fold greater in the triple factor-bound scaffolds than in the factor-adsorbed or untreated scaffolds. Moreover, vascularization within the triple factor-bound scaffolds was superior to that found in scaffolds delivering only basic fibroblast growth factor. Application of this novel scaffold may be extended to the combined delivery of additional heparin-binding angiogenic factors or combinations of growth factors active in different tissue regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbar Freeman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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