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Morita S, Fujikane R, Uechi Y, Matsuura T, Hidaka M. FANCD2 counteracts O 6-methylguanine-induced mismatch repair-dependent apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:745. [PMID: 38874758 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sn1-type alkylating agents methylate the oxygen atom on guanine bases thereby producing O6-methylguanine. This modified base could pair with thymine and cytosine, resulting in the formation of O6-methylguanine/thymine mismatch during DNA replication, recognized by the mismatch repair (MMR) complex, which then initiates the DNA damage response and subsequent apoptotic processes. In our investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying MMR-dependent apoptosis, we observed FANCD2 modification upon the activity of alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). This observation led us to hypothesize a relevant role for FANCD2 in the apoptosis induction process. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated FANCD2 knockout cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method in the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa MR. FANCD2-deficient cells exhibited MNU hypersensitivity. Upon MNU exposure, FANCD2 colocalized with the MMR complex. MNU-treated FANCD2 knockout cells displayed severe S phase delay followed by increased G2/M arrest and MMR-dependent apoptotic cell death. Moreover, FANCD2 knockout cells exhibited impaired CtIP and RAD51 recruitment to the damaged chromatin and DNA double-strand break accumulation, indicated by simultaneously observed increased γH2AX signal and 53BP1 foci. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FANCD2 is crucial for recruiting homologous recombination factors to the sites of the MMR-dependent replication stress to resolve the arrested replication fork and counteract O6-methylguanine-triggered MMR-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Morita
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujikane
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan.
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Yuka Uechi
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuura
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masumi Hidaka
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1, Tamura, Fukuoka, Sawaraku, 814-0193, Japan
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Jmel H, Boukhalfa W, Gouiza I, Seghaier RO, Dallali H, Kefi R. Pharmacogenetic landscape of pain management variants among Mediterranean populations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380613. [PMID: 38813106 PMCID: PMC11134176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pain is a major socioeconomic burden in the Mediterranean region. However, we noticed an under-representation of these populations in the pharmacogenetics of pain management studies. In this context, we aimed 1) to decipher the pharmacogenetic variant landscape among Mediterranean populations compared to worldwide populations in order to identify therapeutic biomarkers for personalized pain management and 2) to better understand the biological process of pain management through in silico investigation of pharmacogenes pathways. Materials and Methods We collected genes and variants implicated in pain response using the Prisma guidelines from literature and PharmGK database. Next, we extracted these genes from genotyping data of 829 individuals. Then, we determined the variant distribution among the studied populations using multivariate (MDS) and admixture analysis with R and STRUCTURE software. We conducted a Chi2 test to compare the interethnic frequencies of the identified variants. We used SNPinfo web server, miRdSNP database to identify miRNA-binding sites. In addition, we investigated the functions of the identified genes and variants using pathway enrichment analysis and annotation tools. Finally, we performed docking analysis to assess the impact of variations on drug interactions. Results We identified 63 variants implicated in pain management. MDS analysis revealed that Mediterranean populations are genetically similar to Mexican populations and divergent from other populations. STRUCTURE analysis showed that Mediterranean populations are mainly composed of European ancestry. We highlighted differences in the minor allele frequencies of three variants (rs633, rs4680, and rs165728) located in the COMT gene. Moreover, variant annotation revealed ten variants with potential miRNA-binding sites. Finally, protein structure and docking analysis revealed that two missense variants (rs4680 and rs6267) induced a decrease in COMT protein activity and affinity for dopamine. Conclusion Our findings revealed that Mediterranean populations diverge from other ethnic groups. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of pain-related pathways and miRNAs to better implement these markers as predictors of analgesic responses in the Mediterranean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Jmel
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wided Boukhalfa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Gouiza
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- MitoLab Team, Unité MitoVasc, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Roua Ouled Seghaier
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Kefi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Genetic Typing Service, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Pretta A, Ziranu P, Giampieri R, Pinna G, Randon G, Donisi C, Ravarino A, Loi F, Deias G, Palmas E, Pretta G, Morano F, Semonella F, Mariani S, Deidda MA, Pusceddu V, Puzzoni M, Lai E, Solinas C, Restivo A, Zorcolo L, Barbara R, Berardi R, Faa G, Pietrantonio F, Scartozzi M. Mismatch Repair system protein deficiency as a resistance factor for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma patients receiving neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1619-1624. [PMID: 37749283 PMCID: PMC10646038 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available data on Mismatch Repair system (MMR) deficiency are conflicting and derived from small studies. Our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic implications of MMR status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). METHODS We retrospectively collected data from 318 patients affected by LARC treated in Italy at the Medical Oncology Units of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milan, and AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona. All patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The primary objective was major TRG while secondary objectives were pathological complete response, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS One hundred sixty patients (148 pMMR and 12 dMMR) were included in the exploratory cohort and 158 (146 pMMR and 12 dMMR) were included in the validation cohort. A major TRG has been shown in 42.6% and 43.1% patients with pMMR in exploratory and validation cohort, respectively; while no major TRG have been shown in dMMR patients in both cohorts. Exploratory and validation cohorts showed a statistically significant higher mDFS in pMMR patients compared to dMMR: NR vs. 14 months and NR vs. 17 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicated an association between dMMR and poor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy and they represent a hypothesis-generating data for new neoadjuvant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giampieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pinna
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Clelia Donisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Ravarino
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Loi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Deias
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Palmas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pretta
- Science Department, King's School Hove, Hangleton Way, Hangleton, East Sussex, BN3 8BN, UK
| | - Federica Morano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Semonella
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Angelo Restivo
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Zorcolo
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Barbara
- UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Azienda Ospedaliera "Brotzu", Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- UOC Anatomia Patologica, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Zhao D, Zarif M, Zhou Q, Capo-Chichi JM, Schuh A, Minden MD, Atenafu EG, Kumar R, Chang H. TP53 Mutations in AML Patients Are Associated with Dismal Clinical Outcome Irrespective of Frontline Induction Regimen and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3210. [PMID: 37370821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are associated with extremely poor outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The outcomes of patients with TP53-mutated (TP53MUT) AML after different frontline treatment modalities are not well established. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative procedure for AML; however, long-term outcomes among patients with TP53MUT AML after allo-HCT are dismal, and the benefit of allo-HCT remains controversial. We sought to evaluate the outcomes of patients with TP53MUT AML after treatment with different frontline induction therapies and allo-HCT. A total of 113 patients with TP53MUT AML were retrospectively evaluated. Patients with TP53MUT AML who received intensive or azacitidine-venetoclax induction had higher complete remission rates compared to patients treated with other hypomethylating-agent-based induction regimens. However, OS and EFS were not significantly different among the induction regimen groups. Allo-HCT was associated with improved OS and EFS among patients with TP53MUT AML; however, allo-HCT was not significantly associated with improved OS or EFS in time-dependent or landmark analysis. While the outcomes of all patients were generally poor irrespective of therapeutic strategy, transplanted patients with lower TP53MUT variant allele frequency (VAF) at the time of diagnosis had superior outcomes compared to transplanted patients with higher TP53 VAF. Our study provides further evidence that the current standards of care for AML confer limited therapeutic benefit to patients with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davidson Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mojgan Zarif
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Qianghua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - José-Mario Capo-Chichi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Andre Schuh
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Hematology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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5
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Bai P, Fan T, Sun G, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhong R. The dual role of DNA repair protein MGMT in cancer prevention and treatment. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 123:103449. [PMID: 36680944 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alkylating agents are genotoxic chemicals that can induce and treat various types of cancer. This occurs through covalent bonding with cellular macromolecules, in particular DNA, leading to the loss of functional integrity under the persistence of modifications upon replication. O6-alkylguanine (O6-AlkylG) adducts are proposed to be the most potent DNA lesions induced by alkylating agents. If not repaired correctly, these adducts can result, at the molecular level, in DNA point mutations, chromosome aberrations, recombination, crosslinking, and single- and double-strand breaks (SSB/DSBs). At the cellular level, these lesions can result in malignant transformation, senescence, or cell death. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair protein capable of removing the alkyl groups from O6-AlkylG adducts in a damage reversal process that can prevent the adverse biological effects of DNA damage caused by guanine O6-alkylation. MGMT can thereby defend normal cells against tumor initiation, however it can also protect tumor cells against the beneficial effects of chemotherapy. Hence, MGMT can play an important role in both the prevention and treatment of cancer; thus, it can be considered as a double-edged sword. From a clinical perspective, MGMT is a therapeutic target, and it is important to explore the rational development of its clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tengjiao Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Medical Technology, Beijing Pharmaceutical University of Staff and Workers, Beijing 100079, China
| | - Guohui Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Clinical Trials Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters and MDR in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103537. [PMID: 36801375 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Of the many known multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expelling drug molecules out of cells is a major factor limiting the efficacy of present-day anticancer drugs. In this review, we highlights updated information on the structure, function, and regulatory mechanisms of major MDR-related ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and the effect of modulators on their functions. We also provide focused information on different modulators of ABC transporters that could be utilized against the emerging MDR crisis in cancer treatment. Finally, we discuss the importance of ABC transporters as therapeutic targets in light of future strategic planning for translating ABC transporter inhibitors into clinical practice.
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7
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Processes in DNA damage response from a whole-cell multi-omics perspective. iScience 2022; 25:105341. [PMID: 36339253 PMCID: PMC9633746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances have made it feasible to collect multi-condition multi-omic time courses of cellular response to perturbation, but the complexity of these datasets impedes discovery due to challenges in data management, analysis, visualization, and interpretation. Here, we report a whole-cell mechanistic analysis of HL-60 cellular response to bendamustine. We integrate both enrichment and network analysis to show the progression of DNA damage and programmed cell death over time in molecular, pathway, and process-level detail using an interactive analysis framework for multi-omics data. Our framework, Mechanism of Action Generator Involving Network analysis (MAGINE), automates network construction and enrichment analysis across multiple samples and platforms, which can be integrated into our annotated gene-set network to combine the strengths of networks and ontology-driven analysis. Taken together, our work demonstrates how multi-omics integration can be used to explore signaling processes at various resolutions and demonstrates multi-pathway involvement beyond the canonical bendamustine mechanism.
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8
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Eptaminitaki GC, Stellas D, Bonavida B, Baritaki S. Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) signaling in Cancer Chemoresistance: From Prediction to Druggability. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Acharya N, Singh KP. Recent advances in the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance and potential application of epigenetic therapeutics in chemorefractory renal cell carcinoma. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1575. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Acharya
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Kamaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH) Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
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10
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Nie Z, Chen M, Gao Y, Huang D, Cao H, Peng Y, Guo N, Wang F, Zhang S. Ferroptosis and Tumor Drug Resistance: Current Status and Major Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879317. [PMID: 35668934 PMCID: PMC9163417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death, whose unique metabolic characteristics are commonly used to evaluate the conditions of various diseases especially in tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that ferroptosis can regulate tumor development, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. Considering to the important role of chemotherapy in tumor treatment, drug resistance has become the most serious challenge. Revealing the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis is expected to solve tumor drug resistance and find new therapies to treat cancers. In this review, we discuss the relationship between ferroptosis and tumor drug resistance, summarize the abnormal ferroptosis in tissues of different cancer types and current research progress and challenges in overcoming treatment resistance, and explore the concept of targeting ferroptosis to improve tumor treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Nie
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuanhui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Na Guo
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Shufang Zhang, ; Fei Wang,
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11
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Ganesa S, Sule A, Sundaram RK, Bindra RS. Mismatch repair proteins play a role in ATR activation upon temozolomide treatment in MGMT-methylated glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5827. [PMID: 35388070 PMCID: PMC8987098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter has been widely accepted as a prognostic biomarker for treatment with the alkylator, temozolomide (TMZ). In the absence of promoter methylation, the MGMT enzyme removes O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) lesions. In the setting of MGMT-promoter methylation (MGMT-), the O6-meG lesion activates the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway which functions to remove the damage. Our group reported that loss of MGMT expression via MGMT promoter silencing modulates activation of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3 related protein (ATR) in response to TMZ treatment, which is associated with synergistic tumor-cell killing. Whether or not MMR proteins are involved in ATR activation in MGMT-cells upon alkylation damage remains poorly understood. To investigate the function of MMR in ATR activation, we created isogenic cell lines with knockdowns of the individual human MMR proteins MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), MutS homolog 6 (MSH6), MutS homolog 3 (MSH3), MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), and PMS1 homolog 2 (PMS2). Here, we demonstrate that MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2, specifically, are involved in the activation of the ATR axis after TMZ exposure, whereas MSH3 is likely not. This study elucidates a potential mechanistic understanding of how the MMR system is involved in ATR activation by TMZ in glioblastoma cells, which is important for targeting MMR-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachita Ganesa
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Amrita Sule
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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12
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Guervilly JH, Blin M, Laureti L, Baudelet E, Audebert S, Gaillard PH. SLX4 dampens MutSα-dependent mismatch repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2667-2680. [PMID: 35166826 PMCID: PMC8934664 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor SLX4 plays multiple roles in the maintenance of genome stability, acting as a scaffold for structure-specific endonucleases and other DNA repair proteins. It directly interacts with the mismatch repair (MMR) protein MSH2 but the significance of this interaction remained unknown until recent findings showing that MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3) stimulates in vitro the SLX4-dependent Holliday junction resolvase activity. Here, we characterize the mode of interaction between SLX4 and MSH2, which relies on an MSH2-interacting peptide (SHIP box) that drives interaction of SLX4 with both MutSβ and MutSα (MSH2-MSH6). While we show that this MSH2 binding domain is dispensable for the well-established role of SLX4 in interstrand crosslink repair, we find that it mediates inhibition of MutSα-dependent MMR by SLX4, unravelling an unanticipated function of SLX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Hugues Guervilly
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Blin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Luisa Laureti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Baudelet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Gaillard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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13
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CNOT6: A Novel Regulator of DNA Mismatch Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030521. [PMID: 35159331 PMCID: PMC8833972 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved pathway that corrects both base–base mispairs and insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) generated during DNA replication. Defects in MMR have been linked to carcinogenesis and drug resistance. However, the regulation of MMR is poorly understood. Interestingly, CNOT6 is one of four deadenylase subunits in the conserved CCR4-NOT complex and it targets poly(A) tails of mRNAs for degradation. CNOT6 is overexpressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, which suggests that an altered expression of CNOT6 may play a role in tumorigenesis. Here, we report that a depletion of CNOT6 sensitizes human U2OS cells to N-methyl-N′nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and leads to enhanced apoptosis. We also demonstrate that the depletion of CNOT6 upregulates MMR and decreases the mutation frequency in MMR-proficient cells. Furthermore, the depletion of CNOT6 increases the stability of mRNA transcripts from MMR genes, leading to the increased expression of MMR proteins. Our work provides insight into a novel CNOT6-dependent mechanism for regulating MMR.
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14
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piR-39980 mediates doxorubicin resistance in fibrosarcoma by regulating drug accumulation and DNA repair. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1312. [PMID: 34799689 PMCID: PMC8605029 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to doxorubicin (DOX) is an obstacle to successful sarcoma treatment and a cause of tumor relapse, with the underlying molecular mechanism still unknown. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been shown to enhance patient outcomes in cancers. However, there are few or no reports on piRNAs affecting chemotherapy in cancers, including fibrosarcoma. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between piR-39980 and DOX resistance and the underlying mechanisms. We reveal that piR-39980 is less expressed in DOX-resistant HT1080 (HT1080/DOX) fibrosarcoma cells. Our results show that inhibition of piR-39980 in parental HT1080 cells induces DOX resistance by attenuating intracellular DOX accumulation, DOX-induced apoptosis, and anti-proliferative effects. Its overexpression in HT1080/DOX cells, on the other hand, increases DOX sensitivity by promoting intracellular DOX accumulation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicates that piR-39980 negatively regulates RRM2 and CYP1A2 via direct binding to their 3'UTRs. Furthermore, overexpressing RRM2 induces DOX resistance of HT1080 cells by rescuing DOX-induced DNA damage by promoting DNA repair, whereas CYP1A2 confers resistance by decreasing intracellular DOX accumulation, which piR-39980 restores. This study reveals that piR-39980 could reduce fibrosarcoma resistance to DOX by modulating RRM2 and CYP1A2, implying that piRNA can be used in combination with DOX.
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15
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Kratz K, Artola-Borán M, Kobayashi-Era S, Koh G, Oliveira G, Kobayashi S, Oliveira A, Zou X, Richter J, Tsuda M, Sasanuma H, Takeda S, Loizou JI, Sartori AA, Nik-Zainal S, Jiricny J. FANCD2-Associated Nuclease 1 Partially Compensates for the Lack of Exonuclease 1 in Mismatch Repair. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0030321. [PMID: 34228493 PMCID: PMC8384067 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00303-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2 are linked to cancer of the colon and other organs, characterized by microsatellite instability and a large increase in mutation frequency. Unexpectedly, mutations in EXO1, encoding the only exonuclease genetically implicated in MMR, are not linked to familial cancer and cause a substantially weaker mutator phenotype. This difference could be explained if eukaryotic cells possessed additional exonucleases redundant with EXO1. Analysis of the MLH1 interactome identified FANCD2-associated nuclease 1 (FAN1), a novel enzyme with biochemical properties resembling EXO1. We now show that FAN1 efficiently substitutes for EXO1 in MMR assays and that this functional complementation is modulated by its interaction with MLH1. FAN1 also contributes to MMR in vivo; cells lacking both EXO1 and FAN1 have an MMR defect and display resistance to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and 6-thioguanine (TG). Moreover, FAN1 loss amplifies the mutational profile of EXO1-deficient cells, suggesting that the two nucleases act redundantly in the same antimutagenic pathway. However, the increased drug resistance and mutator phenotype of FAN1/EXO1-deficient cells are less prominent than those seen in cells lacking MSH6 or MLH1. Eukaryotic cells thus apparently possess additional mechanisms that compensate for the loss of EXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kratz
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Artola-Borán
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saho Kobayashi-Era
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry of the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gene Koh
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Goncalo Oliveira
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry of the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry of the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Richter
- Institute of Biochemistry of the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joanna I. Loizou
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Josef Jiricny
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry of the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Fuchs RP, Isogawa A, Paulo JA, Onizuka K, Takahashi T, Amunugama R, Duxin JP, Fujii S. Crosstalk between repair pathways elicits double-strand breaks in alkylated DNA and implications for the action of temozolomide. eLife 2021; 10:e69544. [PMID: 34236314 PMCID: PMC8289412 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA methylating agent, is the primary chemotherapeutic drug used in glioblastoma treatment. TMZ induces mostly N-alkylation adducts (N7-methylguanine and N3-methyladenine) and some O6-methylguanine (O6mG) adducts. Current models propose that during DNA replication, thymine is incorporated across from O6mG, promoting a futile cycle of mismatch repair (MMR) that leads to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To revisit the mechanism of O6mG processing, we reacted plasmid DNA with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU), a temozolomide mimic, and incubated it in Xenopus egg-derived extracts. We have shown that in this system, MMR proteins are enriched on MNU-treated DNA and we observed robust, MMR-dependent, repair synthesis. Our evidence also suggests that MMR, initiated at O6mG:C sites, is strongly stimulated in cis by repair processing of other lesions, such as N-alkylation adducts. Importantly, MNU-treated plasmids display DSBs in extracts, the frequency of which increases linearly with the square of alkylation dose. We suggest that DSBs result from two independent repair processes, one involving MMR at O6mG:C sites and the other involving base excision repair acting at a nearby N-alkylation adduct. We propose a new, replication-independent mechanism of action of TMZ, which operates in addition to the well-studied cell cycle-dependent mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Fuchs
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Asako Isogawa
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, UMR7258, CNRSMarseilleFrance
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kazumitsu Onizuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | | | - Ravindra Amunugama
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Julien P Duxin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Shingo Fujii
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille, UMR7258, CNRSMarseilleFrance
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17
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Lang F, Liu Y, Chou FJ, Yang C. Genotoxic therapy and resistance mechanism in gliomas. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107922. [PMID: 34171339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The existence of resistance to genotoxic therapy, as well as the nature of tumor heterogeneity greatly limits the efficacy of glioma therapy. DNA damage repair pathways play essential roles in many aspects of glioma biology such as cancer progression, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the cytotoxic DNA lesion generated by temozolomide (TMZ), considered as the main mechanism of drug resistance. In addition, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination DNA repair also play pivotal roles in treatment resistance as well. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells, evasion from apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, also contribute to TMZ resistance in gliomas. Investigations over the past two decades have revealed comprehensive mechanisms of glioma therapy resistance, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Köberle B, Schoch S. Platinum Complexes in Colorectal Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092073. [PMID: 33922989 PMCID: PMC8123298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cisplatin is successfully used for the treatment of various solid cancers. Unfortunately, it shows no activity in colorectal cancer. The resistance phenotype of colorectal cancer cells is mainly caused by alterations in p53-controlled DNA damage signaling and/or defects in the cellular mismatch repair pathway. Improvement of platinum-based chemotherapy in cisplatin-unresponsive cancers, such as colorectal cancer, might be achieved by newly designed cisplatin analogues, which retain activity in unresponsive tumor cells. Moreover, a combination of cisplatin with biochemical modulators of DNA damage signaling might sensitize cisplatin-resistant tumor cells to the drug, thus providing another strategy to improve cancer therapy. Abstract Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of various solid neoplasms, including testicular, lung, ovarian, head and neck, and bladder cancers. Unfortunately, the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin against colorectal cancer is poor. Various mechanisms appear to contribute to cisplatin resistance in cancer cells, including reduced drug accumulation, enhanced drug detoxification, modulation of DNA repair mechanisms, and finally alterations in cisplatin DNA damage signaling preventing apoptosis in cancer cells. Regarding colorectal cancer, defects in mismatch repair and altered p53-mediated DNA damage signaling are the main factors controlling the resistance phenotype. In particular, p53 inactivation appears to be associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis. To overcome resistance in cancers, several strategies can be envisaged. Improved cisplatin analogues, which retain activity in resistant cancer, might be applied. Targeting p53-mediated DNA damage signaling provides another therapeutic strategy to circumvent cisplatin resistance. This review provides an overview on the DNA repair pathways involved in the processing of cisplatin damage and will describe signal transduction from cisplatin DNA lesions, with special attention given to colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, examples for improved platinum compounds and biochemical modulators of cisplatin DNA damage signaling will be presented in the context of colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Köberle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Schoch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Wu Q, Huang Y, Gu L, Chang Z, Li GM. OTUB1 stabilizes mismatch repair protein MSH2 by blocking ubiquitination. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100466. [PMID: 33640455 PMCID: PMC8042173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) maintains genome stability primarily by correcting replication errors. MMR deficiency can lead to cancer development and bolsters cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. However, recent studies have shown that checkpoint blockade therapy is effective in MMR-deficient cancers, thus the ability to identify cancer etiology would greatly benefit cancer treatment. MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) is an obligate subunit of mismatch recognition proteins MutSα (MSH2-MSH6) and MutSβ (MSH2-MSH3). Precise regulation of MSH2 is critical, as either over- or underexpression of MSH2 results in an increased mutation frequency. The mechanism by which cells maintain MSH2 proteostasis is unknown. Using functional ubiquitination and deubiquitination assays, we show that the ovarian tumor (OTU) family deubiquitinase ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) inhibits MSH2 ubiquitination by blocking the E2 ligase ubiquitin transfer activity. Depleting OTUB1 in cells promotes the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of MSH2, leading to greater mutation frequency and cellular resistance to genotoxic agents, including the common chemotherapy agents N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and cisplatin. Taken together, our data identify OTUB1 as an important regulator of MSH2 stability and provide evidence that OTUB1 is a potential biomarker for cancer etiology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liya Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhijie Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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20
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Cilona M, Locatello LG, Novelli L, Gallo O. The Mismatch Repair System (MMR) in Head and Neck Carcinogenesis and Its Role in Modulating the Response to Immunotherapy: A Critical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103006. [PMID: 33081243 PMCID: PMC7602801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dysfunction of the mismatch repair system, an important mechanism for the detection and correction of DNA replication mistakes, may often lead to instability in the length of specific genetic sequences, known as microsatellites, and to the accumulation of mutations. Microsatellite instability is a well-known risk factor for the development of colorectal cancers and other types of tumors but is also considered a positive predictor of the immunotherapy response. Malignancies harboring such a specific genomic instability are very immunogenic because of the great number of aberrant antigens they produce. Therapies based on the blockade of specific immune checkpoints have shown to induce an effective immune response against microsatellite-unstable cancer. Many studies proved that microsatellite instability has a decisive role in the carcinogenesis and the malignant progression of head and neck cancer and, in the near future, it may become a useful tool in tailoring immunotherapy also in this field of precision oncology. Abstract The mismatch repair (MMR) system has a major role in the detection and correction of DNA replication errors, resulting from DNA polymerase slippage or nucleotides misincorporation. Specific inherited/acquired alterations or epigenetic inactivation of MMR genes are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI): the loss of crucial function in repairing DNA alterations can promote carcinogenesis by favoring the accumulation of thousands of mutations in a broad spectrum of different anatomic sites such as colon, stomach, prostate, esophagus, endometrium, lung and head and neck. Recent extensive data suggest that tumor mutational burden strongly correlates with a clinical response to immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors and this response is influenced by MMR deficiency in a wide range of human solid cancers. In this context, few data about this crucial point are available for head and neck cancer (HNC). In this review, we discuss the role of MMR alterations and the resulting MSI in HNC pathogenesis. Furthermore, by summarizing the clinical available data on how they influence the progression of precancerous lesions and the risk of recurrence or second primary tumors, we want to define the current role of MSI in the management of HNC. Finally, we analyze the complex interaction between cancer cells and the immune system addressing the data now available about a potential correlation between microsatellite instability and immunotherapy response in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cilona
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3-50134 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.L.)
| | - Luca Giovanni Locatello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3-50134 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.L.)
| | - Luca Novelli
- Department of Pathology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3-50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3-50134 Florence, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0557947989
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21
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File DM, Morgan KP, Khagi S. Durable Near-Complete Response to Olaparib Plus Temozolomide and Radiation in a Patient With ATM-Mutated Glioblastoma and MSH6-Deficient Lynch Syndrome. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:PO.20.00112. [PMID: 32923878 PMCID: PMC7446372 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. File
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Katherine P. Morgan
- University of North Carolina Medical Center and University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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22
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Guerrini-Rousseau L, Varlet P, Colas C, Andreiuolo F, Bourdeaut F, Dahan K, Devalck C, Faure-Conter C, Genuardi M, Goldberg Y, Kuhlen M, Moalla S, Opocher E, Perez-Alonso V, Sehested A, Slavc I, Unger S, Wimmer K, Grill J, Brugières L. Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency-associated brain tumors: report from the European C4CMMRD consortium. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz033. [PMID: 32642664 PMCID: PMC7212899 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant brain tumors (BT) are among the cancers most frequently associated with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD), a rare childhood cancer predisposition syndrome resulting from biallelic germline mutations in mismatch repair genes. This study analyzed data from the European “Care for CMMRD” (C4CMMRD) database to describe their clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome with the aim of improving its diagnosis/treatment. Methods Retrospective analysis of data on patients with CMMRD and malignant BT from the C4CMMRD database up to July 2017. Results Among the 87 registered patients, 49 developed 56 malignant BTs: 50 high-grade gliomas (HGG) (with giant multinucleated cells in 16/21 histologically reviewed tumors) and 6 embryonal tumors. The median age at first BT was 9.2 years [1.1–40.6], with nine patients older than 18. Twenty-seven patients developed multiple malignancies (including16 before the BT). Most patients received standard treatment, and eight patients immunotherapy for relapsed HGG. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 30% (95% CI: 19–45) and 22% (95% CI: 12–37) after the first BT, with worse prognosis for HGG (3-year OS = 20.5%). Six patients were alive (median follow-up 2.5 years) and 43 dead (38 deaths, 88%, were BT-related). Other CMMRD-specific features were café-au-lait macules (40/41), multiple BTs (5/15), developmental brain anomalies (11/15), and consanguinity (20/38 families). Conclusions Several characteristics could help suspecting CMMRD in pediatric malignant BTs: giant cells on histology, previous malignancies, parental consanguinity, café-au-lait macules, multiple BTs, and developmental brain anomalies. The prognosis of CMMRD-associated BT treated with standard therapies is poor requiring new therapeutic up-front approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Guerrini-Rousseau
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte Anne Hospital, Rene Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Department of Neuropathology, Sainte Anne Hospital, Rene Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Curie Institute, SIREDO Cancer Center (Care, innovation and research in pediatric, adolescents and young adults oncology), Paris, France
| | - Karin Dahan
- Hôpital Universitaire Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Genetic department, Université Libre de Belgique (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Devalck
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Hôpital Universitaire Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université Libre de Belgique (ULB). Brussels - Belgium
| | - Cécile Faure-Conter
- Centre Leon Berard, Pediatric hemato-oncology institute (IHOPe), Lyon, France
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC Genetica Medica, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Yael Goldberg
- Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michaela Kuhlen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Children´s Hospital, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Salma Moalla
- Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Enrico Opocher
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Pediatric Oncology & Hematology, Padova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Perez-Alonso
- Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Astrid Sehested
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of pediatrics and adolescent medicin, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sheila Unger
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jacques Grill
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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23
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Cesme M, Polat D, Senel P, Golcu A. Anodic Voltammetric Determination of an Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Amisulphide in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using Electrochemical fsDNA Biosensor. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Gupta D, Heinen CD. The mismatch repair-dependent DNA damage response: Mechanisms and implications. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:60-69. [PMID: 30959407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An important role for the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway in maintaining genomic stability is embodied in its conservation through evolution and the link between loss of MMR function and tumorigenesis. The latter is evident as inheritance of mutations within the major MMR genes give rise to the cancer predisposition condition, Lynch syndrome. Nonetheless, how MMR loss contributes to tumorigenesis is not completely understood. In addition to preventing the accumulation of mutations, MMR also directs cellular responses, such as cell cycle checkpoint or apoptosis activation, to different forms of DNA damage. Understanding this MMR-dependent DNA damage response may provide insight into the full tumor suppressing capabilities of the MMR pathway. Here, we delve into the proposed mechanisms for the MMR-dependent response to DNA damaging agents. We discuss how these pre-clinical findings extend to the clinical treatment of cancers, emphasizing MMR status as a crucial variable in selection of chemotherapeutic regimens. Also, we discuss how loss of the MMR-dependent damage response could promote tumorigenesis via the establishment of a survival advantage to endogenous levels of stress in MMR-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipika Gupta
- Center for Molecular Oncology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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25
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Yang R, Huang B, Zhu Y, Li Y, Liu F, Shi J. Cell type-dependent bimodal p53 activation engenders a dynamic mechanism of chemoresistance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat5077. [PMID: 30585287 PMCID: PMC6300403 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies of drug resistance mostly characterize genetic mutation, and we know much less about phenotypic mechanisms of drug resistance, especially at a quantitative level. p53 is an important mediator of cellular response to chemotherapy, but even p53 wild-type cells vary in drug sensitivity for unclear reasons. Here, we elucidated a new resistance mechanism to a DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic through bimodal modulation of p53 activation dynamics. By combining single-cell imaging with computational modeling, we characterized a four-component regulatory module, which generates bimodal p53 dynamics through coupled feed-forward and feedback, and found that the inhibitory strength between ATM and Mdm2 determined the differential modular output between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. We further showed that the combinatorial inhibition of Mdm2 and Wip1 was an effective strategy to alter p53 dynamics in resistant cancer cells and sensitize their apoptotic response. Our results point to p53 pulsing as a potentially druggable mechanism that mediates chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Yang
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Mishra B, Zhang S, Zhao H, Darzynkiewicz Z, Lee EY, Lee MY, Zhang Z. Discovery of a novel DNA polymerase inhibitor and characterization of its antiproliferative properties. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:474-486. [PMID: 30427259 PMCID: PMC6422523 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal duplication is targeted by various chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no specific inhibitor of DNA polymerases that is viable for cancer management. Through structure-based in silico screening of the ZINC database, we identified a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase δ. The discovered inhibitor, Zelpolib, is projected to bind to the active site of Pol δ when it is actively engaged in DNA replication through interactions with DNA template and primer. Zelpolib shows robust inhibition of Pol δ activity in reconstituted DNA replication assays. Under cellular conditions, Zelpolib is taken up readily by cancer cells and inhibits DNA replication in assays to assess global DNA synthesis or single-molecule bases by DNA fiber fluorography. In addition, we show that Zelpolib displays superior antiproliferative properties to methotrexate, 5-flourouracil, and cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer cell line, pancreatic cancer cell line and platinum-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line. Pol δ is not only involved in DNA replication, it is also a key component in many DNA repair pathways. Pol δ is the key enzyme responsible for D-loop extension during homologous recombination. Indeed, Zelpolib shows robust inhibition of homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and induces "BRCAness" in HR-proficient cancer cells and enhances their sensitivity to PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanvi Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Sufang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Ernest Y.C. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Valhalla, NY, USA
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27
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DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 29925418 PMCID: PMC6011341 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications. A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents. Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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28
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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29
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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30
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Syro LV, Rotondo F, Camargo M, Ortiz LD, Serna CA, Kovacs K. Temozolomide and Pituitary Tumors: Current Understanding, Unresolved Issues, and Future Directions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:318. [PMID: 29963012 PMCID: PMC6013558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide, an alkylating agent, initially used in the treatment of gliomas was expanded to include pituitary tumors in 2006. After 12 years of use, temozolomide has shown a notable advancement in pituitary tumor treatment with a remarkable improvement rate in the 5-year overall survival and 5-year progression-free survival in both aggressive pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of temozolomide as alkylating agent, its interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid repair systems, therapeutic effects in pituitary tumors, unresolved issues, and future directions relating to new possibilities of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Syro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Luis V. Syro,
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mauricio Camargo
- Genetics, Regeneration and Cancer Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Leon D. Ortiz
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Instituto de Cancerología, Clinica Las Americas, Pharmacogenomics, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos A. Serna
- Laboratorio de Patologia y Citologia Rodrigo Restrepo, Department of Pathology, Clinica Las Américas, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Head RJ, Fay MF, Cosgrove L, Y. C. Fung K, Rundle-Thiele D, Martin JH. Persistence of DNA adducts, hypermutation and acquisition of cellular resistance to alkylating agents in glioblastoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:917-926. [PMID: 29020502 PMCID: PMC5718815 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal form of brain tumour usually treated by surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent. Key to the success of this multimodal approach is maintaining apoptotic sensitivity of tumour cells to the alkylating agent. This initial treatment likely establishes conditions contributing to development of drug resistance as alkylating agents form the O6-methylguanine adduct. This activates the mismatch repair (MMR) process inducing apoptosis and mutagenesis. This review describes key juxtaposed drivers in the balance between alkylation induced mutagenesis and apoptosis. Mutations in MMR genes are the probable drivers for alkylation based drug resistance. Critical to this interaction are the dose-response and temporal interactions between adduct formation and MMR mutations. The precision in dose interval, dose-responses and temporal relationships dictate a role for alkylating agents in either promoting experimental tumour formation or inducing tumour cell death with chemotherapy. Importantly, this resultant loss of chemotherapeutic selective pressure provides opportunity to explore novel therapeutics and appropriate combinations to minimise alkylation based drug resistance and tumour relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Head
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M. F. Fay
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, NSW, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - L. Cosgrove
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - D. Rundle-Thiele
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - J. H. Martin
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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32
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Salem ME, Weinberg BA, Xiu J, El-Deiry WS, Hwang JJ, Gatalica Z, Philip PA, Shields AF, Lenz HJ, Marshall JL. Comparative molecular analyses of left-sided colon, right-sided colon, and rectal cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86356-86368. [PMID: 29156800 PMCID: PMC5689690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor sidedness has emerged as an important prognostic and predictive factor in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that patients with advanced right-sided colon cancers have a worse prognosis than those with left-sided colon or rectal cancers, and these patient subgroups respond differently to biological therapies. Historically, management of patients with metastatic colon and rectal cancers has been similar, and colon and rectal cancer patients have been grouped together in large clinical trials. Clearly, the differences in molecular biology among right-sided colon, left-sided colon, and rectal cancers should be further studied in order to account for disparities in clinical outcomes. We profiled 10,570 colorectal tumors (of which 2,413 were identified as arising from the left colon, right colon, or rectum) using next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, chromogenic in-situ hybridization, and fragment analysis (Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Right-sided colon cancers had higher rates of microsatellite instability, more frequent aberrant activation of the EGFR pathway including higher BRAF and PIK3CA mutation rates, and increased mutational burden compared to left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Rectal cancers had higher rates of TOPO1 expression and Her2/neu amplification compared to both left- and right-sided colon cancers. Molecular variations among right-sided colon, left-sided colon, and rectal tumors may contribute to differences in clinical behavior. The site of tumor origin (left colon, right colon, or rectum) should certainly be considered when selecting treatment regimens and stratifying patients for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Salem
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Weinberg
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Jimmy J. Hwang
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Philip A. Philip
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anthony F. Shields
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John L. Marshall
- Ruesch Center for The Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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33
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High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal carcinoma: a brief review of predictive biomarkers in the era of personalized medicine. Fam Cancer 2017; 15:405-12. [PMID: 26875156 PMCID: PMC4901118 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15 % of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) display high level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) due to either a germline mutation in one of the genes responsible for DNA mismatch repair (Lynch syndrome, 3 %) or somatic inactivation of the same pathway, most commonly through hypermethylation of the MLH1 gene (sporadic MSI-H, 12 %). Although heterogeneous, MSI-H colorectal carcinomas as a group show some distinct biologic characteristics when compared to CRC with stable or low level microsatellite instability. In the present review we will highlight therapeutically relevant characteristics of MSI-H tumors which could lead to specific responses to some conventional chemotherapy or novel targeted therapy agents.
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34
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Wielders E, Delzenne-Goette E, Dekker R, van der Valk M, Te Riele H. Truncation of the MSH2 C-terminal 60 amino acids disrupts effective DNA mismatch repair and is causative for Lynch syndrome. Fam Cancer 2016; 16:221-229. [PMID: 27873144 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Missense variants of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes pose a problem in clinical genetics as long as they cannot unambiguously be assigned as the cause of Lynch syndrome (LS). To study such variants of uncertain clinical significance, we have developed a functional assay based on direct measurement of MMR activity in mouse embryonic stem cells expressing mutant protein from the endogenous alleles. We have applied this protocol to a specific truncation mutant of MSH2 that removes 60 C-terminal amino acids and has been found in suspected LS families. We show that the stability of the MSH2/MSH6 heterodimer is severely perturbed, causing attenuated MMR in in vitro assays and cancer predisposition in mice. This mutation can therefore unambiguously be considered as deleterious and causative for LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wielders
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly Delzenne-Goette
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Dekker
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van der Valk
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Te Riele
- Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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Poon C, Duan X, Chan C, Han W, Lin W. Nanoscale Coordination Polymers Codeliver Carboplatin and Gemcitabine for Highly Effective Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3665-3675. [PMID: 27712076 PMCID: PMC5673481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ability of ovarian cancer (OCa) to acquire drug resistance, it has been difficult to develop efficient and safe chemotherapy for OCa. Here, we examined the therapeutic use of a new self-assembled core-shell nanoscale coordination polymer nanoparticle (NCP-Carbo/GMP) that delivers high loadings of carboplatin (28.0 ± 2.6 wt %) and gemcitabine monophosphate (8.6 ± 1.5 wt %). A strong synergistic effect was observed between carboplatin and gemcitabine against platinum-resistant OCa cells, SKOV-3 and A2780/CDPP, in vitro. The coadministration of carboplatin and gemcitabine in the NCP led to prolonged blood circulation half-life (11.8 ± 4.8 h) and improved tumor uptake of the drugs (10.2 ± 4.4% ID/g at 24 h), resulting in 71% regression and 80% growth inhibition of SKOV-3 and A2780/CDDP tumors, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that NCP particles provide great potential for the codelivery of multiple chemotherapeutics for treating drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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36
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Miyashita K, Fujii K, Taguchi K, Shimokawa M, Yoshida MA, Abe Y, Okamura J, Oda S, Uike N. A specific mode of microsatellite instability is a crucial biomarker in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:399-408. [PMID: 27783137 PMCID: PMC5306345 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been a long-standing biomarker candidate for drug resistance in tumour cells. Despite numerous clinical studies, the data in the literature are not conclusive. The complexity of the MSI phenomenon in some malignancies may, at least partly, account for the discrepancy. In addition, methodological problems are also pointed out in the assay techniques. We previously established a unique fluorescent technique in which the major methodological problems in conventional assays are overcome. Application of this technique has revealed two distinct modes of microsatellite alterations, i.e. Type A and Type B. More importantly, we demonstrated that Type A MSI is the direct consequence of defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) that causes cellular resistance against antineoplastic agents. Method We first applied this technique to adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Results The MSI phenomenon was indeed observed in ATLLs (4/20, 20%). Intriguingly, the observed microsatellite alterations were invariably Type A, which implies that the tumours were MMR-defective. Indeed, clinical outcomes of patients with these MSI+ tumours were significantly worse. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that Type A MSI is an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion These observations strongly suggest the possibility of Type A MSI as a prognostic and potentially predictive biomarker in ATLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Miyashita
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.,Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kei Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8560, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Abe
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Jun Okamura
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
| | - Shinya Oda
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan.
| | - Naokuni Uike
- Department of Hematology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, 811-1395, Japan
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Zhang CM, Lv JF, Gong L, Yu LY, Chen XP, Zhou HH, Fan L. Role of Deficient Mismatch Repair in the Personalized Management of Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090892. [PMID: 27618077 PMCID: PMC5036725 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in developed countries and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Personalized management of CRC has gained increasing attention since there are large inter-individual variations in the prognosis and response to drugs used to treat CRC owing to molecular heterogeneity. Approximately 15% of CRCs are caused by deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype. The present review is aimed at highlighting the role of MMR status in informing prognosis and personalized treatment of CRC including adjuvant chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy to guide the individualized therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Liang Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Lin-Yu Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, China.
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38
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Function of high-mobility group A proteins in the DNA damage signaling for the induction of apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31714. [PMID: 27538817 PMCID: PMC4990841 DOI: 10.1038/srep31714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
O6-Methylguanine produced in DNA can pair with thymine during DNA replication, thus leading to a G-to-A transition mutation. To prevent such outcomes, cells harboring O6-methylguanine-containing mispair undergo apoptosis that requires the function of mismatch repair (MMR) protein complex. To identify the genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, we performed gene-trap mutagenesis and isolated a clone of mouse cells exhibiting an increased resistance to the killing effect of an alkylating agent, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The mutant carries an insertion in the Hmga2 gene, which belongs to a gene family encoding the high-mobility group A non-histone chromatin proteins. To elucidate the function of HMGA proteins in the apoptosis pathway, we introduced siRNAs for HMGA1 and/or HMGA2 into human HeLa MR cells defective in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. HMGA1- and HMGA2-single knockdown cells showed an increased resistance to MNU, and HMGA1/HMGA2-double knockdown cells exhibited further increased tolerance compared to the control. The phosphorylation of ATR and CHK1, the appearance of a sub-G1 population, and caspase-9 activation were suppressed in the knockdown cells, although the formation of mismatch recognition complex was unaffected. These results suggest that HMGA family proteins function at the step following the damage recognition in the process of apoptosis triggered by O6-methylguanine.
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Song W, Ma H. The expression of ERCC1 and BRCA1 predicts prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy in urothelial cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3465-71. [PMID: 27366083 PMCID: PMC4913982 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of ERCC1 and BRCA1 genes in urothelial cancer patients. Methods Forty-two urothelial cancer patients who did not receive platinum-based chemotherapy during January 2009 to May 2013 were enrolled. The expression levels of ERCC1 and BRCA1 were determined by immunohistochemistry and the median survival time (MST) for these patients was calculated. Results ERCC1-positive patients who received oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy had a shorter MST than ERCC1-negative patients (P<0.05), whereas there is no difference of MST between BRCA1-positive and -negative patients. Furthermore, MST in ERCC1 and BRCA1 double-positive patients was shorter than ERCC1 and BRCA1 double-negative patients (P<0.05). The positive expression of ERCC1 had a significant positive correlation with BRCA1 (r=0.313, P=0.044). Conclusion The expression level of ERCC1 may be used as a prognostic marker for urothelial cancer patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshun Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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40
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Campagna D, Gasparini F, Franchi N, Vitulo N, Ballin F, Manni L, Valle G, Ballarin L. Transcriptome dynamics in the asexual cycle of the chordate Botryllus schlosseri. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:275. [PMID: 27038623 PMCID: PMC4818882 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We performed an analysis of the transcriptome during the blastogenesis of the chordate Botryllus schlosseri, focusing in particular on genes involved in cell death by apoptosis. The tunicate B. schlosseri is an ascidian forming colonies characterized by the coexistence of three blastogenetic generations: filter-feeding adults, buds on adults, and budlets on buds. Cyclically, adult tissues undergo apoptosis and are progressively resorbed and replaced by their buds originated by asexual reproduction. This is a feature of colonial tunicates, the only known chordates that can reproduce asexually. Results Thanks to a newly developed web-based platform (http://botryllus.cribi.unipd.it), we compared the transcriptomes of the mid-cycle, the pre-take-over, and the take-over phases of the colonial blastogenetic cycle. The platform is equipped with programs for comparative analysis and allows to select the statistical stringency. We enriched the genome annotation with 11,337 new genes; 581 transcripts were resolved as complete open reading frames, translated in silico into amino acid sequences and then aligned onto the non-redundant sequence database. Significant differentially expressed genes were classified within the gene ontology categories. Among them, we recognized genes involved in apoptosis activation, de-activation, and regulation. Conclusions With the current work, we contributed to the improvement of the first released B. schlosseri genome assembly and offer an overview of the transcriptome changes during the blastogenetic cycle, showing up- and down-regulated genes. These results are important for the comprehension of the events underlying colony growth and regression, cell proliferation, colony homeostasis, and competition among different generations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2598-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagna
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Gasparini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Franchi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Ballin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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41
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Gupta DK, Patra AT, Zhu L, Gupta AP, Bozdech Z. DNA damage regulation and its role in drug-related phenotypes in the malaria parasites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23603. [PMID: 27033103 PMCID: PMC4817041 DOI: 10.1038/srep23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, is subjected to extraordinary high levels of genotoxic insults during its complex life cycle within both the mosquito and human host. Accordingly, most of the components of DNA repair machinery are conserved in the parasite genome. Here, we investigated the genome-wide responses of P. falciparum to DNA damaging agents and provided transcriptional evidence of the existence of the double strand break and excision repair system. We also showed that acetylation at H3K9, H4K8, and H3K56 play a role in the direct and indirect response to DNA damage induced by an alkylating agent, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Artemisinin, the first line antimalarial chemotherapeutics elicits a similar response compared to MMS which suggests its activity as a DNA damaging agent. Moreover, in contrast to the wild-type P. falciparum, two strains (Dd2 and W2) previously shown to exhibit a mutator phenotype, fail to induce their DNA repair upon MMS-induced DNA damage. Genome sequencing of the two mutator strains identified point mutations in 18 DNA repair genes which may contribute to this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Alok Tanala Patra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Archana Patkar Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zbynek Bozdech
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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42
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Kahanda D, Chakrabarti G, Mcwilliams MA, Boothman DA, Slinker JD. Using DNA devices to track anticancer drug activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:647-653. [PMID: 26901461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
It is beneficial to develop systems that reproduce complex reactions of biological systems while maintaining control over specific factors involved in such processes. We demonstrated a DNA device for following the repair of DNA damage produced by a redox-cycling anticancer drug, beta-lapachone (β-lap). These chips supported ß-lap-induced biological redox cycle and tracked subsequent DNA damage repair activity with redox-modified DNA monolayers on gold. We observed drug-specific changes in square wave voltammetry from these chips at therapeutic ß-lap concentrations of high statistical significance over drug-free control. We also demonstrated a high correlation of this change with the specific ß-lap-induced redox cycle using rational controls. The concentration dependence of ß-lap revealed significant signal changes at levels of high clinical significance as well as sensitivity to sub-lethal levels of ß-lap. Catalase, an enzyme decomposing peroxide, was found to suppress DNA damage at a NQO1/catalase ratio found in healthy cells, but was clearly overcome at a higher NQO1/catalase ratio consistent with cancer cells. We found that it was necessary to reproduce key features of the cellular environment to observe this activity. Thus, this chip-based platform enabled tracking of ß-lap-induced DNA damage repair when biological criteria were met, providing a unique synthetic platform for uncovering activity normally confined to inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimithree Kahanda
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Gaurab Chakrabarti
- Departments of Pharmacology, Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Stress Responses and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, ND2.210K 601 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, United States
| | - Marc A Mcwilliams
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - David A Boothman
- Departments of Pharmacology, Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Stress Responses and the Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, ND2.210K 601 Forest Park Drive, Dallas, TX 75390-8807, United States
| | - Jason D Slinker
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., PHY 36, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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43
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Li Z, Pearlman AH, Hsieh P. DNA mismatch repair and the DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 38:94-101. [PMID: 26704428 PMCID: PMC4740233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the role of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in the DNA damage response (DDR) that triggers cell cycle arrest and, in some cases, apoptosis. Although the focus is on findings from mammalian cells, much has been learned from studies in other organisms including bacteria and yeast [1,2]. MMR promotes a DDR mediated by a key signaling kinase, ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), in response to various types of DNA damage including some encountered in widely used chemotherapy regimes. An introduction to the DDR mediated by ATR reveals its immense complexity and highlights the many biological and mechanistic questions that remain. Recent findings and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongdao Li
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA
| | - Peggy Hsieh
- Genetics & Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 5 Rm. 324, 5 Memorial Dr. MSC 0538, Bethesda, MD 20892-0538, USA.
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44
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Pérez-Velázquez J, Gevertz JL, Karolak A, Rejniak KA. Microenvironmental Niches and Sanctuaries: A Route to Acquired Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 936:149-164. [PMID: 27739047 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42023-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A tumor vasculature that is functionally abnormal results in irregular gradients of metabolites and drugs within the tumor tissue. Recently, significant efforts have been committed to experimentally examine how cellular response to anti-cancer treatments varies based on the environment in which the cells are grown. In vitro studies point to specific conditions in which tumor cells can remain dormant and survive the treatment. In vivo results suggest that cells can escape the effects of drug therapy in tissue regions that are poorly penetrated by the drugs. Better understanding how the tumor microenvironments influence the emergence of drug resistance in both primary and metastatic tumors may improve drug development and the design of more effective therapeutic protocols. This chapter presents a hybrid agent-based model of the growth of tumor micrometastases and explores how microenvironmental factors can contribute to the development of acquired resistance in response to a DNA damaging drug. The specific microenvironments of interest in this work are tumor hypoxic niches and tumor normoxic sanctuaries with poor drug penetration. We aim to quantify how spatial constraints of limited drug transport and quiescent cell survival contribute to the development of drug resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pérez-Velázquez
- Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems, Centre for Mathematical Science, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
| | - Jana L Gevertz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Aleksandra Karolak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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45
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Peña-Diaz J, Rasmussen LJ. Approaches to diagnose DNA mismatch repair gene defects in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 38:147-154. [PMID: 26708048 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The DNA repair pathway mismatch repair (MMR) is responsible for the recognition and correction of DNA biosynthetic errors caused by inaccurate nucleotide incorporation during replication. Faulty MMR leads to failure to address the mispairs or insertion deletion loops (IDLs) left behind by the replicative polymerases and results in increased mutation load at the genome. The realization that defective MMR leads to a hypermutation phenotype and increased risk of tumorigenesis highlights the relevance of this pathway for human disease. The association of MMR defects with increased risk of cancer development was first observed in colorectal cancer patients that carried inactivating germline mutations in MMR genes and the disease was named as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Currently, a growing list of cancers is found to be MMR defective and HNPCC has been renamed Lynch syndrome (LS) partly to include the associated risk of developing extra-colonic cancers. In addition, a number of non-hereditary, mostly epigenetic, alterations of MMR genes have been described in sporadic tumors. Besides conferring a strong cancer predisposition, genetic or epigenetic inactivation of MMR genes also renders cells resistant to some chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, diagnosis of MMR deficiency has important implications for the management of the patients, the surveillance of their relatives in the case of LS and for the choice of treatment. Some of the alterations found in MMR genes have already been well defined and their pathogenicity assessed. Despite this substantial wealth of knowledge, the effects of a large number of alterations remain uncharacterized (variants of uncertain significance, VUSs). The advent of personalized genomics is likely to increase the list of VUSs found in MMR genes and anticipates the need of diagnostic tools for rapid assessment of their pathogenicity. This review describes current tools and future strategies for addressing the relevance of MMR gene alterations in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Peña-Diaz
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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46
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Heinen CD. Mismatch repair defects and Lynch syndrome: The role of the basic scientist in the battle against cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 38:127-134. [PMID: 26710976 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have currently entered a genomic era of cancer research which may soon lead to a genomic era of cancer treatment. Patient DNA sequencing information may lead to a personalized approach to managing an individual's cancer as well as future cancer risk. The success of this approach, however, begins not necessarily in the clinician's office, but rather at the laboratory bench of the basic scientist. The basic scientist plays a critical role since the DNA sequencing information is of limited use unless one knows the function of the gene that is altered and the manner by which a sequence alteration affects that function. The role of basic science research in aiding the clinical management of a disease is perhaps best exemplified by considering the case of Lynch syndrome, a hereditary disease that predisposes patients to colorectal and other cancers. This review will examine how the diagnosis, treatment and even prevention of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers has benefitted from extensive basic science research on the DNA mismatch repair genes whose alteration underlies this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heinen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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47
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Bodo S, Colas C, Buhard O, Collura A, Tinat J, Lavoine N, Guilloux A, Chalastanis A, Lafitte P, Coulet F, Buisine MP, Ilencikova D, Ruiz-Ponte C, Kinzel M, Grandjouan S, Brems H, Lejeune S, Blanché H, Wang Q, Caron O, Cabaret O, Svrcek M, Vidaud D, Parfait B, Verloes A, Knappe UJ, Soubrier F, Mortemousque I, Leis A, Auclair-Perrossier J, Frébourg T, Fléjou JF, Entz-Werle N, Leclerc J, Malka D, Cohen-Haguenauer O, Goldberg Y, Gerdes AM, Fedhila F, Mathieu-Dramard M, Hamelin R, Wafaa B, Gauthier-Villars M, Bourdeaut F, Sheridan E, Vasen H, Brugières L, Wimmer K, Muleris M, Duval A. Diagnosis of Constitutional Mismatch Repair-Deficiency Syndrome Based on Microsatellite Instability and Lymphocyte Tolerance to Methylating Agents. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:1017-29.e3. [PMID: 26116798 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with bi-allelic germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2) develop a rare but severe variant of Lynch syndrome called constitutional MMR deficiency (CMMRD). This syndrome is characterized by early-onset colorectal cancers, lymphomas or leukemias, and brain tumors. There is no satisfactory method for diagnosis of CMMRD because screens for mutations in MMR genes are noninformative for 30% of patients. MMR-deficient cancer cells are resistant to genotoxic agents and have microsatellite instability (MSI), due to accumulation of errors in repetitive DNA sequences. We investigated whether these features could be used to identify patients with CMMRD. METHODS We examined MSI by PCR analysis and tolerance to methylating or thiopurine agents (functional characteristics of MMR-deficient tumor cells) in lymphoblastoid cells (LCs) from 3 patients with CMMRD and 5 individuals with MMR-proficient LCs (controls). Using these assays, we defined experimental parameters that allowed discrimination of a series of 14 patients with CMMRD from 52 controls (training set). We then used the same parameters to assess 23 patients with clinical but not genetic features of CMMRD. RESULTS In the training set, we identified parameters, based on MSI and LC tolerance to methylation, that detected patients with CMMRD vs controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Among 23 patients suspected of having CMMRD, 6 had MSI and LC tolerance to methylation (CMMRD highly probable), 15 had neither MSI nor LC tolerance to methylation (unlikely to have CMMRD), and 2 were considered doubtful for CMMRD based on having only 1 of the 2 features. CONCLUSION The presence of MSI and tolerance to methylation in LCs identified patients with CMMRD with 100% sensitivity and specificity. These features could be used in diagnosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Bodo
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Chrystelle Colas
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique et d'Angiogénétique, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Buhard
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ada Collura
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Tinat
- Département de génétique, Hôpital universitaire, Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Lavoine
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Agathe Guilloux
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Chalastanis
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lafitte
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique et d'Angiogénétique, GH Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Buisine
- Institut de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Oncologie et Génétique Moléculaires, CHRU Lille, Lille, France; INSERM UMR837 et Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - Denisa Ilencikova
- 2nd Pediatric Department, Children's University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX) SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, IDIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Hilde Brems
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lejeune
- CHRU Lille, Service de génétique clinique, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Blanché
- CEPH, Fondation Jean Dausset, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Qing Wang
- Plateforme de Génétique constitutionnelle HCL-CLB, Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Caron
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Odile Cabaret
- Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicales, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Magali Svrcek
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- INSERM UMR745 Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- INSERM UMR745 Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique and INSERM UMR 1141 PROTECT, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich J Knappe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Minden, Germany
| | - Florent Soubrier
- AP-HP, Département de génétique, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexander Leis
- French Medical Institute for Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jessie Auclair-Perrossier
- Plateforme de Génétique constitutionnelle HCL-CLB, Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jean-François Fléjou
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Pédiatrie Onco-Hématologie Pédiatrie CHRU Hautepierre UdS EA, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Leclerc
- Institut de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, Oncologie et Génétique Moléculaires, CHRU Lille, Lille, France; INSERM UMR837 et Université Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Malka
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Yael Goldberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faten Fedhila
- Service de médecine infantile, hôpital d'enfants de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Richard Hamelin
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Badre Wafaa
- Department of Hepato-Gastro-Enterology, Ibn Rochd, Hospital University Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Franck Bourdeaut
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martine Muleris
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Alex Duval
- INSERM, UMR_S 938 Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, équipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationle contre le Cancer, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris, Paris, France.
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Moriwaki T, Kato Y, Nakamura C, Ishikawa S, Zhang-Akiyama QM. A novel DNA damage response mediated by DNA mismatch repair in Caenorhabditis elegans: induction of programmed autophagic cell death in non-dividing cells. Genes Cancer 2015; 6:341-55. [PMID: 26413217 PMCID: PMC4575921 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) contributes to genome integrity by correcting errors of DNA polymerase and inducing cell death in response to DNA damage. Dysfunction of MMR results in increased mutation frequency and cancer risk. Clinical researches revealed that MMR abnormalities induce cancers of non-dividing tissues, such as kidney and liver. However, how MMR suppresses cancer in non-dividing tissues is not understood. To address that mechanism, we analyzed the roles of MMR in non-dividing cells using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), in which all somatic cells are non-dividing in the adult stage. In this study, we used stable MMR-mutant lines with a balancer chromosome. First, we confirmed that deficiency of MMR leads to resistance to various mutagens in C. elegans dividing cells. Next, we performed drug resistance assays, and found that MMR-deficient adult worms were resistant to SN1-type alkylating and oxidizing agents. In addition, dead cell staining and reporter assays of an autophagy-related gene demonstrated that the cell death was autophagic cell death. Interestingly, this autophagic cell death was not suppressed by caffeine, implying that MMR induces death of non-dividing cells in an atl-1-independent manner. Hence, we propose the hypothesis that MMR prevents cancers in non-dividing tissues by directly inducing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakamura
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Figuring out what is wrong in Fanconi anemia (FA) patient cells is critical to understanding the contributions of the FA pathway to DNA repair and tumor suppression. Although FA patients exhibit a wide range of disease manifestation as well as severity (asymptomatic to congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer), cells from FA patients share underlying defects in their ability to process DNA lesions that interfere with DNA replication. In particular, FA cells are very sensitive to agents that induce DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). The cause of this pronounced ICL sensitivity is not fully understood, but has been linked to the aberrant activation of DNA damage repair proteins, checkpoints and pathways. Thus, regulation of these responses through coordination of repair processing at stalled replication forks is an essential function of the FA pathway. Here, we briefly summarize some of the aberrant DNA damage responses contributing to defects in FA cells, and detail the newly-identified relationship between FA and the mismatch repair protein, MSH2. Understanding the contribution of MSH2 and/or other proteins to the replication problem in FA cells will be key to assessing therapeutic options to improve the health of FA patients. Moreover, loss of these factors, if linked to improved replication, could be a key event in the progression of FA cells to cancer cells. Likewise, loss of these factors could synergize to enhance tumorigenesis or confer chemoresistance in tumors defective in FA-BRCA pathway proteins and provide a basis for biomarkers for disease progression and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B Cantor
- a Department of Cancer Biology ; University of Massachusetts Medical School; UMASS Memorial Cancer Center ; Worcester , MA USA
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50
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Flores-Rozas H, Jaafar L, Xia L. The Role of DNA Mismatch Repair and Recombination in the Processing of DNA Alkylating Damage in Living Yeast Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6:408-418. [PMID: 26900494 PMCID: PMC4758339 DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.66040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is proposed that mismatch repair (MMR) mediates the cytotoxic effects of DNA damaging agents by exerting a futile repair pathway which leads to double strand breaks (DSBs). Previous reports indicate that the sensitivity of cells defective in homologous recombination (HR) to DNA alkylation is reduced by defects in MMR genes. We have assessed the contribution of different MMR genes to the processing of alkylation damage in vivo. We have directly visualized recombination complexes formed upon DNA damage using fluorescent protein (FP) fusions. We find that msh6 mutants are more resistant than wild type cells to MNNG, and that an msh6 mutation rescues the sensitivity of rad52 strains more efficiently than an msh3 mutation. Analysis of RAD52-GFP tagged strains indicate that MNNG increases repair foci formation, and that the inactivation of the MHS2 and MSH6 genes but not the MSH3 gene result in a reduction of the number of foci formed. In addition, in the absence of HR, NHEJ could process the MNNG-induced DSBs as indicated by the formation of NHEJ-GFP tagged foci. These data suggest that processing of the alkylation damage by MMR, mainly by MSH2-MSH6, is required for recruitment of recombination proteins to the damage site for repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Flores-Rozas
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA
| | - Lahcen Jaafar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA
| | - Ling Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA
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